The gazetteer of Scotland

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THE

GAZETTEER OF

SCOTLAND

BY

Rev. John Wilson

A * * *

EDINBURGH

W. & A. K. JOHNSTON

1882

DR

PREFACE.

The Publishers have been induced to produce the present Work, from
the conviction that it would supply a long -felt want : namely, a
Gazetteer of Scotland, extensive enough to embrace every Town and
Village in the Country, of any importance, as existing at the present
day, and yet portable in form and moderate in price.

To add to the value of the Work, the Census of 1881 was ex-
tracted from the Official Returns expressly for it, as the lists to be
published would ' not be available for the earlier portion of the Work,
already in the hands of the printer.

Besides the usual information, as to Towns and Places contained
in Gazetteers, it gives the Statistics of Real Property, Notices of Public
Works, Public Buildings, Churches, Schools, etc. ; whilst the Natural
History and Historical Incidents, connected with particular localities,
have not been omitted.

From the great experience of the Author, who has already com-
piled several extensive Gazetteers and Topographical works, the Pub-
lishers trust that this Work will meet the approbation of the numerous
class to which it is addressed.

November, 1882.

THE

GAZETTEER OF SCOTLAND.

AAN

AAN, affluent of the Feugh, in Strachan
parish, Kincardineshire.

ABBETHUNE, seat in St. Vigeans parish,
Forfarshire.

ABBEY.parish, containing parts of Paisley
and Barrhead, all Johnstone, and several
villages in Renfrewshire. Its length is
nearly 9 miles, its greatest breadth about
5£ miles, its area 15,924 acres. Real pro-
perty of landward part in 1880-81, £79,886.
Pop., quoad civilia, 34,393; quoad sacra,
13,637. The surface is partly flat, partly
a variety of valley, undulation, and low
hill-ridge, and partly the Gleniffer portion
of the Fereneze Hills. Coal, ironstone,
limestone, and aluminous slate abound, and
are largely worked. Factories and other
industrial establishments are numerous.
There are many fine modern residences,
several old mansions, and the ruined castles
of Crookston and Stanley. The parochial
church is part of the Abbey, to be noticed
in our account of Paisley ; and other
churches are in Paisley, Barrhead, John-
stone, and Elderslie. 10 schools, for
2338 scholars, are in the parts outside of
Paisley burgh, and 2 of them and en-
largements for 1098 are new.

ABBEY, quoad sacra parish in the north-
eastern outskirts of Edinburgh. Pop. 2821.
The church was built in 1876, at a cost
of about £8000, and contains about 855
sittings.

ABBEY, quoad sacra parish, containing
Arbroath Abbey and part of Arbroath
town, Forfarshire. Pop. 5119. The church
contains 1281 sittings.

ABBEY, hamlet on the Tyne, 1 mile east
of Haddington. A Cistercian convent was
founded here in 1178, but is now extinct ;
and a Parliament sat here in 1548.

ABBEY, village on the Forth, adjacent
to Cambuskenneth Abbey, 1 mile east of
Stirling.

ABBEY, burn running past Dundrennan
Abbeyto Burnfoot harbour, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

ABBEY-CRAIG, precipitous hill, 362 feet
high, 1} miles east-north-east of Stirling.

ABB

It forms a striking feature and a com-
manding view-point in a magnificent
landscape. It was held by the army of
Sir William "Wallace on the eve of the
battle of Stirling ; and it is surmounted by
Wallace's Monument, 220 feet high, erected
in 1861-69 at a cost of fully £16,000.

ABBEY-GREEN, town, better known as
Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. See Lesma-

HAGOW.

ABBEY-HEAD, small headland near
mouth of Abbey-burn, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ABBEYHILL, suburb north-eastward
from foot of Canongate, Edinburgh. It was
once aristocratic, is now chiefly modern
and squalid ; includes a railway viaduct
and a railway station, and contains a public
school, built in 1880-81 at a cost of £9704,
with accommodation for 824 scholars.

ABBEY ST. BATHANS, parish, with
hamlet on Whitadder water, 4 miles west-
south-west of Grant's House railway
station, Berwickshire. Post town, Grant's
House. Acres, 4797. Real property in
1880-81, £2630. Pop. 250. The higher
land rises to heights of from 300 to 400
feet above the level of the plains, and the
entire surface consists of haughs, slopes,
and tabular hills. A priory was founded
here by a daughter of William the Lion,
and became rich, but has entirely dis-
appeared. The church adjoins the priory's
site, and is part of an ancient structure.
The public school has about 80 scholars.

ABBOTSFORD, mansion erected by Sir
Walter Scott, adjacent to the Tweed, 2
miles west of Melrose, Roxburghshire. It
cost upwards of £20,000, exhibits multi-
plicity of features in many architectural
styles, includes parts and objects taken
from many famous ancient edifices, has
been aptly described as 'a romance in stone
and lime,' contains numerous interesting
souvenirs of Sir Walter, and is engirt
by an estate which he transmuted from
moorishness to much beauty.

ABBOTSFORD, quoad sacra parish in
south side of Glasgow. It was constituted
in 1877. Pop. 8891.

A

ABB

ABBOTSFORD FERRY, station on Sel-
kirk Railway, opposite Abbotsf ord, 2| miles
south of Galashiels.

ABBOTSHALL, parish, containing Link- !
town suburb of Kirkcaldy, Fife. Acres,
4135. Real property in 1880-81, £10,341.
Pop., quoad civilia, 6435; quoad sacra, 5316.
The land for about \ mile from the shore
is flat, and extends thence about 2\ miles
in pleasant swells and diversities. Raith
House, lake, and grounds are delightful
features; and Balwearie Tower is
an interesting antiquity. The parochial
church, a Free church, and a United
Presbyterian church are in Linktown ;
and the public schools are under Kirk-
caldy board.

ABBOTSHAUGH, extinct ancient abbey
in Falkirk parish, Stirlingshire.

ABBOT'S ISLE, verdant islet in Stone-
field Bay, Loch Etive, Argyleshire.

ABBOTSRULE, old parish divided be-
tween Southdean and Hobkirk, Roxburgh-
shire.

ABB'S-HEAD (ST.), bold promontory 4
miles north-west of Eyemouth, Berwick-
shire. It consists of trap rock with mural
front, but adjoins contorted cavernous
stratified rocks. It had anciently a nun-
nery, said to have been founded by a
Northumbrian princess ; and it has now
a lighthouse, erected in 1861, with flash-
ing light visible at the distance of 20
nautical miles.

ABDEN, seat, near Kinghorn, Fife.

ABDIE, parish, containing Mount
Pleasant suburb of Newburgh, Fife.
Acres, 6371. Real property in 1880-81,
£10,439. Pop., quoad civilia, 983;
quoad sacra, 862. The land includes
a rich alluvial tract on the Tay, but is
mostly a fine diversity of hill and dale.
Chief features are Clatchard Crag,
Norman's Law, Inchrye House, Lindores
House, loch, and village, and vestiges of
a castle said to have belonged to Macduff.
The church contains about 500 sittings,
and the public school has places for 159
scholars.

ABERARDER, glen, with vista view to
Benaven, off left side of the Dee, between
Balmoral and Castleton, Aberdeenshire.

ABERARDER, place in Daviot parish,
Inverness-shire. It has a post office under
Inverness.

ABERARGIE, village, If miles west of
Abernethy, Perthshire. It has a post
office under Bridge of Earn.

ABERCAIRNEY, railway station, and
seat, 3| miles east-north- east of Crieff,
Perthshire.

ABERCHALDER, seat, at foot of Loch
Oich, Great Glen, Inverness-shire. Prince
Charles Edward concentrated his forces
here at the commencement of the rebellion
in 1745.

ABERCHIRDER, town, 9 miles south-by-
west of Banff. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Banff ; a banking office ; Established,

ABE

Free, United Presbyterian, Baptist, Epis-
copalian, and Roman Catholic churches,
and 2 public schools. Its Free church
originated in the Marnoch contest, one of
the sharpest which led to the Disruption,
and is large and handsome. Pop. of the
town, 1358.

ABERCORN, parish, extending from
Firth of Forth to vicinity of Winchburgh
railway station, Linlithgowshire. Post
town, South Queensferry. Acres, 4500.
Real property in 1880-81, £10,173. Pop.
856. The surface is finely diversified,
and both contains and commands delight-
ful views, yet rises nowhere higher than
350 feet above sea-level. Chief fea-
tures are Hopetoun House and Binns
House, seats of the Earl of Hopetoun and
Sir Robert Dalyell, Bart. Interesting
spots are sites of a Culdee establishment
and a famous ancient castle ; and a notable
estate is one which passed from the Hamil-
tons, but continues to give their descen-
dant the titles of Earl, Marquis, and Duke
of Abercorn. The churches are Estab-
lished and Free ; and there are 2 public
schools with about 111 scholars.

ABERCROMBIE, parish, containing St.
Monance town, on south-east coast of
Fife. Acres, 1203. Real property in
1880-81, £6073. Pop. 2054. The beach
is low and rocky, the land thence rises
very abruptly, and the interior has un-
dulations, but is mainly flat. The churches
are Established and Free. The public
school is partly new, and has about 211
scholars, and it and 3 others have jointly
accommodation for 398.

ABERDALGIE, parish, from 1J to 4£
miles west of Bridge of Earn, Perthshire.
It has a post office under Perth. Acres,
4165. Real property in 1880-81, £4657.
Pop. 297. The surface rises from the
Earn to the northern boundary, presents
a luxuriant appearance, and commands
picturesque views. The chief feature is
Dupplin Castle, the seat of the Earl of
Kinnoul. The public school has about
38 scholars.

ABERDEEN, city on the south-east verge
of Aberdeenshire, at mouth of river Dee,
90 miles north-east-by-north of Perth. It
ranks as a royal and parliamentary burgh,
a place of sheriff and justiciary courts, a
university town, a seat of manufacture,
and a head port. It appears first on
record in 1179 ; it was enthralled by the
English from 1296 till 1308, but expelled
them under the war-cry, ' Bon- accord ' ;
it was destroyed by them in 1336, but was
soon rebuilt, and then called New Aber-
deen. It figured much in subsequent
national events, both political and military,
and it gives the title of earl to a branch of
the family of Gordon. Its site includes
rising ground and dell, giving diversity to
the street alignments ; and its building
material is granite, occasioning it to be
called the Granite City. Its thorough-
fares, till near the end of last century,

ABE

3

ABE

were narrow, dense, and ill-built; but they
have from time to time, down to 1881,
been so improved and extended as to
make it one of the finest cities in Great
Britain. Castle Street, in its centre, is a
large, grandly-edificed rectangle. Union
Street, extending thence about f mile to
the west-south-west, is both remarkably
well-edificed in itself, and commands
striking views of other parts of the city.
King Street, extending northward from
Castle Street, is little inferior to Union
Street ; and a number of other thorough-
fares are straight, spacious, and pleasing.

The Municipal and County Buildings,
in Castle Street, were erected in 1865-69,
at a cost of about £60,000. The post
office, at foot of Market Street, was
erected in 1872-76, at a cost of about
£16,000. The North of Scotland Bank, at
south-west corner of Queen Street, was
erected in 1839, at a cost of £14,000. The
Music Hall buildings, in Union Street,
were completed about 1855, at a cost of
£16,500. The theatre, in Guild Street,
was erected in 1872, at a cost of nearly
£8000. The Market Cross,in Castle Street,
a singularly complex ornamental struc-
ture, was erected in 1686, and reconstructed
in 1842. A bridge, spanning a ravine in
the line of Union Street, was erected at a
cost of £13,342. Victoria Bridge, across
the Dee, in line of Market Street, was
completed in 1881, at a cost of fully
£20,000. The Prince Consort's Monu-
ment, at south end of Union Terrace, was
inaugurated in 1863. The Duke of Gor-
don's Monument, in Castle Street, is a
colossal granite statue. "Sir William
"Wallace's Monument, in front of Union
Terrace, was projected in February 1880.
St. Nicholas Established church, oft' Union
Street, was originally a cathedral-like,
cruciform edifice, suffered partial destruc-
tion by fire in 1874, and was restored at a
cost of about £15,000, before the end of
1878. The North Established church, in
Queen Street, was erected in 1826, at a cost
of £10,500. The East and West Free
churches, in Belmont Street, form one
imposing cruciform edifice. Other Pres-
byterian churches, Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian, are modern and
good. The Congregational chapel, in
Shiprow, was erected in 1867, at a cost of
more than £5500. St. Andrew's Episco-
palian church, in King Street, was erected
in 1817, at a cost of £8000, and acquired a
new chancel in 1880. St. Mary's Episco-
palian church, in Carden Place, was
erected about 1864. The Roman Catholic
church, in Huntly Street, was erected in
1860, and contains 1200 sittings. Maris-
chal College, in Broad Street, was erected
in 1837-41 ; occupies the site of previous
buildings dating from old times ; and in
1860 was constituted one university with
King's College in Old Aberdeen. The
Old Academy, long famous for producing
x distinguished scholars, was voted in May

1880 to be converted into a museum of
science and art. A public school in Com-
merce Street, one of 5 new schools
provided by the burgh school board, was
built in 1876, at a cost of about £4500.
The Infirmary, at Woolmanhill, was
erected in 1840, at a cost of about £17,000.
The Lunatic Asylum, in the north-western
outskirts, was completed in 1819, at a cost
of about £20,000. A public park at Allen-
vale was begun to be formed in August
1881, and comprises about 47 acres.

The city has a head post office with all
departments ; 6 sub-offices, with each a
money order department ; railway com-
munication northward, north-westward,
westward, and southward ; 2 head
banking offices, 6 branch banking offices,
and numerous hotels ; contains 12 Estab-
lished churches, 19 Free churches, 6
United Presbyterian, 5 Congregational,
2 Evangelical Union, 3 Baptist, 5 Episco-
palian, and 6 of other denominations ;
had formerly 90 schools for 12,708
scholars, and now has 86 schools for
14,677 ; publishes 3 daily newspapers
and 5 weekly; carries on large manu-
factures of linens, woollens, and cottons,
and much business in iron works,
breweries, distilleries, granite polishing
works, shipbuilding yards, and other
establishments ; and conducts extensive
export of its own produce, and of
grain and fish. Its harbour lies within
the Dee's mouth, comprehends an
elaborate, series of artificial works,
cost long ago about £500,000, and was
designed in 1876, and recommended
again near the end of 1880, to undergo
further extension. The vessels belonging
to the port at end of 1879 were 178
sailing vessels, of 98,763 tons, and 45
steam vessels, of 20,421 tons ; and the
arrivals in that year were 2030 British
vessels, of 486,581 tons, and 143 foreign
vessels, of 34,566 tons ; the departures,
1985 British vessels, of 479,218 tons,
and 137 foreign vessels, of 33,175 tons.
The parliamentary burgh sends 1
member to Parliament, and the university
unites with Glasgow University in sending
another. Real property of the burgh in
1880-81, £429,267. Pop. in 1881, 105,003.

ABERDEEN (OLD), suburb, adjacent to
the river Don, about a mile north of
Aberdeen. It became the seat of a
bishopric in 1154, acquired a university
in 1494, and was long a rival to Aberdeen,
but is now small, quiet, and semi-rural,
and has a post office, with money order
department, under Aberdeen. The nave
of its cathedral still stands, measures 126
by 68 feet, has a very fine western window,
and is used as Old Machar parish church.
King's College was built in the 16th
century, underwent much renovation and
improvement subsequent to 1859, and has
a tower surmounted by a stone crown,
similar to that of St. Giles' Church in
Edinburgh. The arts and divinity classes

ABE

4

ABE

are held in this college ; the law and
medicine classes are held in Marischal
College, Aberdeen ; and the number of
matriculated students in the winter session
of 1879-80 was 701, in the summer
session of 1881, 233. An ancient one-
arched bridge and a modern five-arched
bridge span the Don in the near vicinity ;
and the former is the ' Brig o' Balgownie,'
figuring in an anecdote and lines of
Lord Byron.

ABERDEENSHIRE, maritime county, ex-
tending from the river Dee to the Moray
Firth, and from the Dee's mouth to the
summits of the Cairngorm Mountains.
Its length is about 86 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 47 miles ; its extent of coast
about 70 miles ; its circumference about
280 miles ; its area 1970 square miles.
Its ancient divisions were Buchan, Strath-
bogie, Formartine, Garioch, and Mar ; and
its modern districts are Deer, Turriff,
Huntly, Garioch, Alford, Ellon, New
Machar, Aberdeen, Deeside, and Braemar.
The coast has few indentations, is partly
rocky and precipitous, and includes the
most easterly ground in Scotland. About
two-thirds of the interior are either sands,
mosses, moors, hills, or mountains. The
northern, eastern, and south-eastern parts
are the least elevated, and comprise a
large aggregate of low flat land ; while
the south-western parts are prevailingly
lofty and rugged, and include summits
and offsets of the Cairngorm Mountains.
The chief rocks are granite, gneiss, and
mica slate. The principal rivers are the
Dee, the Don, the Deveron, and the
Ythan. The soils are very various and
averagely poor, but have been so skilfully
worked as to be remarkably productive.
The towns with each above 4000 inhabi-
tants are Aberdeen, Peterhead, and
Fraserburgh ; with each above 2000,
Huntly, Inverury, Turriff, and New Pit-
sligo ; with each above 1000, Old Meldrum,
Rosehearty, and Strichen ; and the villages
with each above 500, Auchmull, Ballater,
Boddam,Cuminestone, Ellon, Inverallochy,
Kintore, New Aberdour, Newburgh, and
St. Comb. The county sends 2 mem-
bers to Parliament, and is cut for that
purpose into two divisions, eastern and
western. Real property in 1880-81,
£919,203. Pop. in 1871, 244,003 ; in 1881,
267,963.

ABERDONA, seat, 4J miles north-east of
Clackmannan.

ABERDOUR, village and parish on north
coast of Firth of Forth, Fife. The village
stands on a fine sheltered bay, 2| miles
west-by-south of Burntisland ; consists of
three parts, "Wester Aberdour, Easter
Aberdour, and Newton ; was anciently a
royal landing-place for Dunfermline ; con-
tains the site of an ancient nunnery and
finely situated ruins of an ancient castle ;
is now a favourite summer resort for
rustication and sea-bathing; maintains
direct steamboat communication with

Leith ; and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Burntisland, an Established church, a
Free church, and a public school with
about 166 scholars. Pop. 610. — The parish
contains also Donibristle colliery and
Wemyss Square villages, and includes
Inchcolm Island. Acres, 5974. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £12,500.. Pop. 1736. The
coast is intricate, diversified, and pictur-
esque, and commands charming views.
The land thence, to a hill-ridge through
the centre, is mostly fertile and beautiful,
and the tract on the north is mostly bleak
hill. Aberdour Castle is a seat of Baron
Aberdour, the Earl of Morton, and there
are 4 other mansions. A public school
is at Donibristle.

ABERDOUR, parish, containing New
Aberdour village, on north coast of
Aberdeenshire. New Aberdour stands 8
miles west-south-west of Fraserburgh, was
founded in 1798, and has a post office
under Fraserburgh, an Established church,
a Free church, and 2 public schools with
about 238 scholars. Pop. 642.— The parish
contains also the fishing village of Pennan,
and is about 7 miles long and 5 miles
broad. Acres, 15,508. Real property in
1880-81, £8672. Pop., quoad civilia, 2124 ;
quoad sacra, 1903. The western division
rises mostly from 200 to 300 feet above
sea-level ; the eastern division is compara-
tively low and flat ; the whole comprises
a great proportion of moss, moor, and
barren land. The coast is rocky, bold,
and cavernous ; includes a striking natural
feature similar to the Bullers of Buchan ;
and is surmounted at one point by the
ruined historical castle of Dundargue.
The rocks possess much interest both for
science and for utility. There are 4
schools for 440 scholars, and one of them
and an enlargement for 121 are new.

ABERFELDY, town at terminus of branch
of Highland Railway, 32| miles north-west
of Perth. It stands on Moness burn,
adjacent to the Tay, amid a picturesque
tract of country ; is famous for falls on
Moness burn in a wooded dell, sung by
Burns as the 4 Birks o' Aberfeldy ; ' has
good street arrangements, with recent ex-
tension in questionable tastes ; has much at-
traction for tourists and summer residents,
and contains a head post office with all
departments, 3 banking offices, 2 hotels,
a public hall projected in 1880, an Estab-
lished church, also projected in 1880, a
large Free church, a large Congregational
church, a small Baptist chapel, and a
public school with about 240 scholars.
Pop. 1260.

ABERFOYLE, parish in south-west ex-
tremity of Perthshire, with post office
under Stirling, and a hotel 6| miles north-
north- west of Bucklyvie railway station.
Length, lOi miles; breadth, 5^- miles ; area,
26,810 acre's. Real property in 1880-81,
£4579. Pop., quoad civilia, 465 ; quoad
sacra, 409. A bill was promoted in 1880

ABE

5

ABE

for a railway, on a capital of £55,000,
from the vicinity of the hotel to a junction
with the Forth and Clyde Railway between
Bucklyvie and Balfron. _ A glen, on the
south-east border, contains the hotel and
the church ; extends about 2 miles west-
ward, with a width of about £ mile, and is
traversed by the chief head- stream of the
river Forth. A pass at the glen's head
figured much in the raids of the Highland
caterans, and was the scene of a victory
by Graham of Duchray over a body of
Cromwell's troops. The general surface
is upland, and includes Benvenue, Ben-
chochan, and some lesser mountains.
Loch Katrine, the Trossachs, and Loch
Achray are on the- northern border ; Loch
Drunkie is in the north-east corner ; and
Locbs Chon and Ard are in the south-
west. The aggregate scenery is much
diversified and richly picturesque, and
many spots figure graphically in Sir Walter
Scott's Rob Roy, Waverley, and Lady of
the Lake; but the ' clachan ' of his romance,
on a site about a mile west of the hotel,
is now extinct. The public school has
about 65 scholars.

ABERGELDIE, seat on the Dee, 2\ miles
east of Balmoral, Aberdeenshire. The
Birks of Abergeldie are the subject of an
old melody, transferred by Burns to his
'Birks o' Aberfeldy.' The mansion is a
modernized, ancient, castellated edifice,
and, together with the grounds, was
purchased by the late Prince Consort, and
is now included in Balmoral demesne.

ABERIACHAN, burn, entering left side
of Loch Ness, 4 miles north-east of Fort-
Augustus, Inverness-shire. It traverses
romantic scenery, makes fine falls, and
passes a large spar cave.

ABERLADY, village and parish on north-
west coast of Haddingtonshire. The vil-
lage stands 3 miles west-by-north of Drem
railway station, is a sea-bathing resort, and
has a post office, with money order depart-
ment, under Longniddry, an Established
church, a United Presbyterian church, and
a public school with about 185 scholars.
Pop. 438. — The parish is 3f miles long,
and Z\ miles broad. Acres, 4319. Real
property in 1880-81, £11,270. Pop. 1000.
The surface rises very slowly from the
shore, and looks to be almost flat, yet
presents a rich appearance. Gosford
House, the seat of the Earl of Wemyss,
and Ballencrieff, the seat of Lord Elibank,
are chief features. Aberlady Bay, taking
name from the parish, is an encurvature
from Gullane Point, past Prestonpans,
Musselburgh, and Portobello, to Leith.

ABERLEMNO parish around Auldbar
railway station, near centre of Forfarshire.
It has a post office under Forfar. Its
length is 6 miles, its greatest breadth 4f
miles, its area 8914 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £10,874. Pop. 993. The
surface is partly level, partly hilly, and
rises from about 200 to about 600 feet
above sea-level. The seats are Auldbar

Castle, Balgavies, and Carsegownie ; and
the chief antiquities are Flemmington
Castle and Melgund Castle, the latter a
ruin giving the title of viscount to the
Earl of Minto. The churches are Estab-
lished and Free ; and the public school has
about 104 scholars.

ABERLOUR, village and parish on south-
west border of Banffshire. The village
stands on the Spey, 17 miles south-west of
Keith, was founded in 1812, presents a
well-built appearance, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Craigellachie, a railway
station, 2 banking offices, an Established
Norman church of 1861, a Free church, an
Episcopalian early English church of 1877,
an orphanage connected with that church,
and a public school with about 190 scholars.
Pop. 721. — The parish is 9 miles long and
5 miles broad. Acres, 14,781. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £6464. Pop., quoad
civilia, 1912 ; quoad sacra, 1794. The Spey
traces all the boundary with Elginshire,
and is here deep and rapid. Aberlour burn,
entering that river at the village, makes a
cascade of 30 feet. Craigellachie on the
Spey will be separately noticed. The
south-western district is mountainous, and
includes most of Benrinnes ; the other
districts also are prevailingly hilly, yet
about two-thirds of the entire area are
cultivated. Aberlour House is an elegant
modern mansion. There are 3 schools
for 343 scholars, and include recent en-
largements for 61.

ABERLUTHNOTT, ancient parish, now
called Marykirk, Kincardineshire.

ABERMILK, ancient parish, now called
St. Mungo, Dumfriesshire.

ABERNETHY, village in Perthshire, and
parish, partly also in Fife. The village
stands 7f miles south-east of Perth, was
anciently a seat of the Culdees, and a
capital of Pictavia ; contains an ancient
round tower similar to the famous round
towers of Ireland ; presents now a plain,
modern appearance, and has a post office,
with money order department, under New-
burgh, a railway station, an Established
church, a United Presbyterian church, and
a recently enlarged public school for 362
scholars. Pop. 906. — The parish contains
also Aberargie village, includes Mugdrum
Island, and is nearly 5 miles long and
about 4 miles broad. Acres in Perthshire,
7577; in Fife, 1967. Real property in
1880-81, £12,788 and £2343. Pop. 1586
and 128. About one-third of the surface
is low, rich land around and near the
confluence of the Earn and the Tay ; and
the rest is part of the Ochil Hills, cloven
by Glenfarg. The seats are Carpow,
Ayton, and Carey ; and some antiquities
are Balvaird Castle, remains of a Roman
camp, and vestiges of a vitrified fort.

ABERNETHY, parish around Nethy
Bridge, Broomhill, and Boat-of-Garten
stations on Strathspey and Highland
Railways, east border of Inverness-shire.

ABE

6

ACH

Area, about 146 square miles. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £8329. Pop. 1530. The
surface extends along the Spey from
Rothiemurchus to Cromdale, and ascends
thence south-eastward to summits of the
Cairngorms. Small part is low, flat land
contiguous to the Spey ; and much of the
mountains is covered with natural pine
woods. The parish has a post office under
Grantown, 2 parochial churches with
1000 and 600 sittings, a Free church, and
3 public schools for 310 scholars.

ABERNYTE, parish in Sidlaw district,
Perthshire, mainly about 2 miles
north-north-west of Inchture railway
station. Post town, Inchture. Acres,
2532. Real property in 1880-81, £3011.
Pop. 275. The surface is mostly hilly, and
rises from about 300 to about 1155 feet
above sea-level. A Free church serves for
Abernyte and Rait. The public school
has about 75 scholars.

ABERTARF, parish, united to Boleskine,
Inverness-shire.

ABERUCHILL, seat, 2 miles west-south-
west of Comrie, Perthshire.

ABERUTHVEN, village, 2£ miles north-
east of Auchterarder, Perthshire. It has
a post office under Auchterarder, a ruined
ancient church used as a burying-place of
the Duke of Montrose, a Free church, and
a public school. Pop. 331.

ABINGTON, village on the Clyde, 43J
miles south- west-by- south of Edinburgh.
It is a meet for huntsmen, and a centre
for anglers, and it has a post office desig-
nated of Lanarkshire, a railway station,
an inn, and a Free church.

ABOVE-THE-HILL, place, with public
school, in Harray parish, Orkney.

ABOYNE, village and parish in Deeside
district, Aberdeenshire. The village
stands on the Dee, 32^- miles west-south-
west of Aberdeen ; it has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Aberdeen, a railway station, a
banking office, an inn, a suspension bridge,
an Established church of 1842, a Free
church, and a public school with about
164 scholars, and it gives the titles of
baron, viscount, and earl to the Marquis
of Huntly. Pop. about 200. — The present
parish comprises the old parishes of
Aboyne and Glentanner, and extends
from Coull to Kincardineshire. Acres,
25,265. Real property in 1880-81, £8005.
Pop. 1427. About one-tenth of the land
is arable, a considerable aggregate is
under wood, and the rest is pastoral or
heathy hill and mountain. Aboyne Castle,
the seat of the Marquis of Huntly, stands
near the village, and is an imposing edifice
of dates from 11th century till recent
years. There are 3 public schools for
318 scholars, and one of them, for 160, is
new.

ACHADASHENAIG, seat, overlooking
Aros Bay, Mull Island, Argyleshire.

ACHADHAMILLAN, place on south-east
side of Loch Killisport, Argyleshire.

ACHAHOISH, hamlet at head of Loch
Killisport, Argyleshire. It has a post
office under Lochgilphead.

ACHALERAN, place in Ardchattan
parish, Argyleshire. It has a public
school with about 53 scholars.

ACHALICK, bay on east side of Loch
Fyne, nearly opposite Tarbert, Argyleshire.

ACHALL, lake in Lochbroom parish,
Ross-shire.

ACHALL ADER, ruined baronial fortalice
on Loch Tolla, Glenorchy, Argyleshire.

ACHALLY, lake, and hill 1694 feet high,
in Clunie parish, Perthshire.

ACHANACY, hill in Keith parish, Banff-
shire.

ACHANAULT. See Auchanault.

A CHANDARINE, village in Inverary
parish, Argyleshire.

ACHANEILAN, deep quagmire, 5 miles
long, adjacent to Loch Shiel, on north
border of Argyleshire.

ACHANY, seat, 4 miles south-west of
Lairg, Sutherland.

ACHARACLE, quoad sacra parish around
Loch Shiel, Argyleshire and Inverness-
shire. Pop. 1236. It has a post office
under Fort-William, an Established
church, a Free church preaching-station,
and 3 new public schools.

ACHARDALE, quondam hamlet in Hal-
kirk parish, Caithness.

ACHARN, village, and burn with pic-
turesque cascades, 2 miles west-south-west
of Kenmore, Perthshire.

ACHASTLE, ruined old castle in Latheron
parish, Caithness.

ACHAVANICH, place, 8 miles north of
Dunbeath, in Caithness.

ACHBRECK, village in Glenlivet, 10
miles south of Dufftown, Banffshire. It
has a post office under Ballindalloch.

ACHILTIE, lake in Contin parish, Ross-
shire.

ACHINCASS. See Auchincass.

ACHINDUIN, ruined episcopal castle on
west coast of Lismore Island, Argyleshire.

ACHINDUNE, ruined strong baronial
fortalice on Fiddich rivulet, near Dufftown,
Banffshire.

ACHLYNE, noble shooting-lodge in Glen-
dochart, Perthshire.

ACHNACARRY, hamlet and seat at
convergence of Glenarchaig and Great
Glen, Inverness-shire. The hamlet has a
post office under Fort- William.

ACHNACLOICH, lake in Rosskeen
parish, Ross-shire.

ACHNACRAIG, hamlet at mouth of
Loch Don, Mull Island, Argyleshire. It
is the ferry station to Oban, and it has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Oban, and a harbour.

ACHNACROISH, place, 3 miles north of
Achnacraig, Mull Island, Argyleshire. It
has a post office under Oban.

ACHNAGOL, village in Inverary parish,
Argyleshire.

ACHNAHANNET, place, with public
school, in Kincardine parish, Ross-shire.

ACH

7

AIR

ACHNAHOW, glen in Kildonan parish,
Sutherland.

ACHNESS, castle near foot of Glen-
cassley, Sutherland.

ACHR ANNIE, wild cataract within
frightful chasm on river Isla, on west
border of Forfarshire.

ACHRAY, picturesque lake a short
distance east of the Trossachs, Perthshire.

ACHRISGILL, impetuous stream run-
ning to Loch Inchard, on west coast of
Sutherland.

ACHTERCAIRN, hamlet in Gairloch
parish, Ross-shire. It has a public school
with about 123 scholars.

ACKERGILL, place on Sinclair Bay, 3
miles north of Wick, Caithness. It has
a public school, and it was designed in
December 1879 to have a steamship pier
to accommodate steamers in lieu of their
going up to Wick. Ackergill Tower is
partly an ancient, massive, well-preserved
fortalice, and partly a modern castellated
mansion.

ADAM'S ROW, village in Newton parish,
Edinburghshire.

ADAMTON, seat near Monkton, Ayr-
shire.

ADD, river, running 12 miles south-
westward to head of Loch Crinan, Argyle-
shire.

ADDIEWELL, town, about a mile west
of West Calder, Edinburghshire. It was
founded subsequent to 1864 ; it consists
almost wholly of extensive paraffin works
and of houses for the workmen ; and it
stands adjacent to West Calder railway
station, and has a post office . under Mid-
Calder. Pop. 1819.

ADIE, hill in Rathven parish, Banffshire.

ADIGO, lake in Uig parish, Lewis,
Outer Hedrides.

ADVIE, old parish, now part of Crom-
dale, Elginshire. It has a railway station
8£ miles north-east of Grantown, a post
office under Ballindalloch, and a chapel-of-
ease.

AE, river, running 16 miles south-east-
ward to the Kinnel, at 2 miles north-north-
west of Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire.

AFFLECK, old baronial fortalice, almost
entire, in Monikie parish, Forfarshire.

AFFLECK, Ayrshire. See Auchinleck.

AFFORSK, romantic ravine in Gamrie
parish, Banffshire.

AFFRICK, lake and river in Strath-
affrick, north-west border of Inverness-
shire. The lake lies in the upper part of
the strath, measures about 5 miles in
length, and is overhung by Alpine moun-
tains. The river traverses both that lake
and Loch Benevean, makes several fine
cascades, and takes afterwards the name
of Glass.

AFTON, rivulet, running 6$ miles north-
ward to the Nith, at New Cumnock, Ayr-
shire. It is sung by Burns.

AFTON-BRIDGEND, village on Afton
rivulet, near New Cumnock, Ayrshire. It
has a Free church. Pop. 350.

AHEURICH, glen in Sunart district,
Argyleshire.

AICHILTIBUIE, hamlet in Lochbroom
parish, Ross-shire. It has a public school
with about 120 scholars.

AIGAS. See Ellan-Aigas.

AIKENHAULD, site of old parochial
church in Oathlaw parish, Forfarshire.

AIKENHEAD, seat in Cathcart parish,
Renfrewshire.

AIKERNESS, estate in Evie parish,
Orkney.

AIKET, ancient castle in Dunlop parish,
Ayrshire.

AIKEY-BRAE, historical spot near Old
Deer, Aberdeenshire.

AILSA-CRAIG, insular conical rock in
Firth of Clyde, 10 miles west-by-north of
Girvan, Ayrshire. It consists of syenitic
trap, rises steeply to height of 1114 feet
above mean level tide, and is inhabited by
countless multitudes of sea-fowl. Pop. 7.

AILSK, wild upland lake, a source of
Oikell river in Sutherland.

AIRD, peninsula, 5 miles long, in Storno-
way parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

AIRD, headland, forming north - east
extremity of Skye Island, Inverness-shire.

AIRD, large, rich, picturesque tract on
the Beauly, in north-west extremity of
Inverness-shire.

AIRD, rocky promontory, with remains
of Scandinavian fort, in Saddell parish,
Kintyre, Argyleshire.

AIRD, hamlet in Inch parish, Wigton-
shire.

AIRD or ARD, any hummocky height,
small or large, low or high, either on
coast or inland. The word is used chiefly
as a prefix, and mostly in the form of
'Ard.'

AIRDIT, seat in Leuchars parish, Fife.

AIRDRIE, parliamentary burgh, 12 miles
east-by-north of Glasgow. It was no more
than a small hamlet so late as 1725 ; and
it rose into consequence, and has con-
tinued to prosper, in connection with
mining and manufacture. It includes a
long, spacious, well-built principal street ;
but it is incompact, and straggles into
suburbs. It has a head post office with
all departments, 2 railway stations, 4
banking offices, a large hotel, a neat town
hall, a company's public hall, 3 Estab-
lished churches, 4 Free churches, 2
United Presbyterian churches, Congrega-
tional, Evangelical Union, Baptist, Wes-
leyan, and Roman Catholic chapels, 3
public schools, 2 academies, and 2
other schools, and it publishes a weekly
newspaper. One of its Established
churches was erected in 1875, at a cost
of about £6000, and contains about 900
sittings. One of the public schools was
erected in 1876, at a cost of about £8000,
and has accommodation for about 800
scholars. The burgh unites with Hamil-
ton, Lanark, Falkirk, and Linlithgow in
sending a member to Parliament. Pop.
13,363.

AIR

8

ALF

AIRDRIE, seat in Crail parish, Fife.

AIRDS, peninsula between Loch Linnhe
and Loch Creran, Argyleshire.

AIRDS, bay of Loch Etive, Muckairn
parish, Argyleshire.

AIRDSMOSS. See Aibsmoss.

AIRI-INNIS, lake in Morvern parish,
Argyleshire.

AIRLEYWIGHT, seat in Auchtergaven
parish, Perthshire.

AIRLIE, parish on west border of For-
farshire, midway between Kirriemuir and
Alyth. Post town, Kirriemuir. Length,
6 miles ; greatest breadth, 4 miles ; area,
8923 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£11,092. Pop. 844. The surface is partly
low ground within Strathmore, and partly
a series of ridges, rising thence to an ex-
treme altitude of about 510 feet. Airlie
Castle, the seat of the Earl of Airlie,
stands in the north-west corner, crowns
a rocky promontory at the influx of Mel-
gum rivulet to the Isla, is an elegant
modern edifice, and retains vestiges of the
'Bonnie House o' Airlie,' celebrated in
song. Lindertis House and P>aikie House
also are modern. The churches are Estab-
lished and Free ; and there are 2
public schools for Airlie, and another for
it and part of Kirriemuir.

AIRNTULLY. See Arntully.

AIRSMOSS, large morass between Auch-
inleck and Muirkirk, Ayrshire. It was
the scene in 1680 of the skirmish in which
the famous Covenanter Richard Cameron
fell ; and it contains a monument called
' Cameron's Stone.'

AIRTH, village and parish in Carse dis-
trict, Stirlingshire. The village stands
near the Forth, 5 miles north-by-east of
Falkirk, and has a post office under Lar-
bert. Pop. 487. — The parish contains
also Dunmore village, and extends about
5 miles along the Forth. Acres, 5477.
Real property in 1880-81, £13,769. _ Pop.
1362. The surface, with exception of
two small hills, is all low and flat, and
most of it is very fertile. Airth Hill is a
circular eminence less than 100 feet high.
Airth Castle is an elegant modem man-
sion, and was preceded by an ancient
tower, which figures in the history of Sir
William Wallace. Dunmore House, the
seat of the Earl of Dunmore, is a pro-
minent feature ; and Higgin's Nook and
Powfoulis are other mansions. The
churches are Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian. The schools are
4, with accommodation for 466 scholars,
and one of them and an enlargement for
200 are new.

AIRTHREY, mineral wells and an es-
tate on northern verge of Stirlingshire.
The wells are on a height in the eastern
vicinity of Bridge of Allan, are approached
thence by ornate walks, and have a neat
bath - house. The estate belongs to
Lord Abercromby, comprises picturesque
grounds among skirts of the Ochil Hills,
and has a fine castellated mansion.

AITHSTING, parish united to Sand-
sting, Shetland.

AIT-SUIDHE-THUIN, lofty mountain,
with magnificent view, at head of Loch
Portree, Isle of Skye.

AKERMOOR, lake, 8 miles south-west of
Selkirk.

AKERNESS, tract in extreme north of
Westray Island, Orkney. It has coast
cliffs so torn and pierced as to disport the
sea billows in a manner similar to the
Bullers of Buchan.

ALAUNA, quondam Caledonian town
and Roman station on Allan river, near
boundary between Perthshire and Stirling-
shire.

ALBANY, originally all the country of
the Scottish Celts, afterwards only the
region now forming Breadalbane, Athole,
and parts of Lochaber, Glenorchy, and
Appin. A dukedom of Albany was
created first for a younger son of Robert
II., next for the second son of James n.

ALCLUYTH, < the rock on the Clyde,' or
Dumbarton Castle, as known to the
Venerable Bede.

ALDARDER, streamlet running to the
Spey, in Knockando parish, Elginshire.

ALDC AMBUS, old parish, now part of
Cockburnspath, Berwickshire.

ALDCATHIE, detached part of Dalmeny
parish, Linlithgowshire.

ALDERNIE, affluent of the Fiddich, in
Boharm parish, Banffshire.

ALDERSTONE, seat in Haddington
parish, Haddingtonshire.

ALDHAM, old parish, now part of
Whitekirk, Haddingtonshire.

ALDHOUSE, village in East Kilbride
parish, Lanarkshire.

ALDIE, hamlet, deserted baronial fort-
alice, and estate in Fossaway parish,
Perthshire.

ALDOURIE, seat and public school in
Dores parish, Inverness-shire.

ALE, affluent of the Eye, between Ayton
and Eyemouth, Berwickshire.

ALE, affluent of the Teviot, near An-
crum, Roxburghshire.

ALEMOOR, lake in Roberton parish,
Roxburghshire.

ALEXANDRIA, town and quoad sacra
parish in Vale of Leven, Dumbartonshire.
The town stands on Leven river, 3| miles
north of Dumbarton ; forms practically a
joint town with Bonhill, separated from
it only by the Leven ; is modern, well-
built, and prosperous ; conducts much
business in connection with neighbouring
printfields and other public works ; and
has a post office with all departments
under Dumbarton, a railway station, a
banking office, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, Congregational, Wesleyan,
and Roman Catholic churches, and 2
public schools with about 745 scholars.
Pop. of the town, 6173; of the quoad
sacra parish, 6616.

ALFORD, village, parish, and district in
south-west of Aberdeenshire. The village

ALG

9

ALL

stands on the Don, at terminus of branch
railway, 29£ miles west - north - west of
Aberdeen ; is a scattered place, but a
centre of considerable business ; and has
a post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, under Aberdeen, 2
banking offices, a hotel, Established, Free,
and Episcopalian churches, and a public
school. Pop. 529. — The parish is
7 miles long and 3 miles broad. Acres,
9102. Real property in 1880-81, £8198.
Pop. 1472. The surface is partly the
western portion of a vale 10 miles long,
including portions of 3 other parishes,
and partly an engirdling series of hills and
mountains. Less than half is under the
plough, and much of the rest is moss,
moor, and upland pasture. The mansions
are Haughton and Breda. There are
3 schools, with accommodation for 292
scholars. — The district comprehends also
the parishes of Auchindoir, Clatt, Glen-
bucket, Keig, Kildrummy, Kinnethmont,
Leochel, Rhynie, Strathdon, Tullynessle,
Tough, Towie, and the Aberdeenshire
part of Cabrach.

ALGUISH, place, 10 miles north-west of
Garve, in Ross-shire.

ALLACHY, head-stream of the Tanner,
Aboyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

ALLAN, river of Perthshire and Stirling-
shire, entering the Forth 1| mile north-
west of Stirling.

ALLAN, stream, running to the Teviot
at 4 miles south-west of Hawick, Roxburgh-
shire.

ALLANBANK, hamlet on Whitadder
water, in Edrom parish, Berwickshire.

ALLAN (BRIDGE OF). See Bkidge of
Allan.

ALLANDER, river of Dumbartonshire
and Stirlingshire, running to the Kelvin at
4^ miles west-south-west of Kirkintilloch,

ALLANMOUTH, place, with remains of
Border peel, 4 miles south-west of Hawick,
E oxburghshire.

ALLANSHAW, farmhouse, formerly an
important seat in Hamilton parish,
Lanarkshire.

ALLANTON, village on the Whitadder,
1^ mile south of Chirnside, Berwickshire.
It has a Free church.

ALLANTON, village in Hamilton parish,
Lanarkshire. Pop. 351.

ALLANTON, seat of Sir Henry J. S.
Steuart, Bart., 3J miles east-north-east
of Wishaw, Lanarkshire. It is mainly
modern, but includes an old castle.

ALLANTON, place, with public school,
in Galston parish, Ayrshire.

ALLANTON, burn, entering the Nith
near Auldgirth Bridge, Dumfriesshire.

ALLARDYCE, estate, with ruined ancient
mansion, in Arbuthnot parish, Kincardine-
shire.

ALLEAN, seat on lower part of the
Tummel, Perthshire.

ALLEN, stream, running 6 miles south-
ward to the Tweed, at If mile west-north-
west of Melrose, Roxburghshire. Its vale

is the Glendearg of Sir Walter Scott's
Monastery.

ALLERMUIR, a summit of the Pentland
Hills, 1617 feet high, 5 miles south-by-
west of Edinburgh.

ALLNESS. See Alness.

ALLOA, town and parish in Clackmannan-
shire. The town stands on the Forth, 7
miles east of Stirling ; has railway com-
munication towards the four points of the
compass, is a head port, a seat of manu-
facture, a police burgh, and the political
capital of Clackmannanshire ; dates from
ancient times, but has few marks of
antiquity, and few associations with
history ; shows well-built modern streets
and some elegant outskirts, and has a
head post office with all departments, a
junction railway station, a ferry nexus
with South Alloa railway station, 4
banking offices, 4 hotels, a county court-
house of 1865, an archaeological hall
of 1874, a steepled Established church of
1819, 2 Free churches, 2 United Pres-
byterian churches, a Baptist church of
1881, an Episcopalian church, a Sweden-
borgian church, a burgh school of 1876, a
beautiful small academy, and a new dock,
formed in 1879-81. Its shipping in 1879
comprised 776 British vessels, of 95,900
tons, and 291 foreign vessels, of 46,281
tons, inwards ; and 755 British vessels, of
93,260 tons, and 298 foreign vessels, of
51,866 tons, outwards. Alloa Tower, on
its east side, was the seat of the Earls of
Mar, dated from the 13th century, was
burnt in 1800, and is now a thick-walled
shell, 89 feet high. Alloa Park House,
eastward of the tower, is the seat of the
Earl of Mar and Kellie, an ornate hollow
quadrangle, 185 feet by 120. Pop. of
the police burgh, 8812 ; of the town,
including New Sauchie suburb, 10,591. —
The parish excludes New Sauchie, but in-
cludes Tullibody village and 2 islands, and
is averagely 4 miles long. Acres, 5499.
Real property in 1880-81, £55,330. Pop.
11,638. The part adjacent to the Forth is
rich carse, and the rest is a fertile diversi-
fied assemblage of vales, rising grounds,
and small hills. There are 10 schools
for 2022 scholars, and one of them and a
class-room for 450 are new.

ALLOA (SOUTH), place, with dock and
railway station, on right bank of the Forth,
opposite Alloa. The dock was projected
in 1875 by a company with large capital.

ALLOWAY, quoad sacra parish, with
church, 2f miles south of Ayr. It is in-
tersected by the river Doon ; and it com-
prises, on the right side, an old parish of
Alio way, which became annexed to Ayr ;
on the left side, part of the parish of May-
bole. Pop. of the Ayr part, 486 ; of the
Maybole part, 421. The new church was
erected in 1858. The old church, which
served for the old civil parish, stands in
the near vicinity of the new, is a small,
plain, roofless ruin, and has much celebrity
as the scene of the fiend revelry in Burns'

ALM

10

ALV

Tarn o' Shanter. The ' Auld Brig o' Doon, '
figuring also in Tarn o' Shanter, a new-
bridge erected since Burns' time, a cyclo-
style monument to Burns, erected in 1820,
and a neat inn, called Burns', are in the
same vicinity : and Burns' cottage, where
the poet was born, is about f mile to the
north, and was purchased in September
1880 for £4000, to be converted into a
Burns' museum.

ALMAGILL, hill, with ancient Caledonian
camp and extensive view, in Dalton parish,
Dumfriesshire.

ALMERICLOSS, seat in St. Yigeans
parish, Forfarshire.

ALMOND, river, running 25 miles north-
eastward to Firth of Forth, between Lin-
lithgowshire and Edinburghshire.

ALMOND, river, running 22 miles east-
ward to the Tay, at2|miles north of Perth.

ALMOND BANK, village on the Almond,
4 miles north-west of Perth. It has a
post office under Perth, and a railway
station. Pop. 317.

ALMOND CASTLE, ruined grand edifice
on the left side of the Avon, 5J miles
east-south-east of Falkirk. It dates from
the time of James in., and was often held
for the crown by the Earls of Linlithgow.

ALMONDDALE. See Amondell.

ALNESS, river, town, and parish in
east side of Boss-shire. The river runs
14 miles eastward and south-eastward to
Cromarty Firth, at about 10 miles north-
north-east of Dingwall, and it forms the
boundary between Alness and Bosskeen
parishes. — The town stands on the river,
near its mouth, adjacent to the Highland
Kailway ; consists of Alness proper, in
Alness parish, and Alness Bridge or
Bridgend of Alness, in Bosskeen parish,
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, under Inver-
ness, a railway station, a banking office,
an Established church, a Free church,
and 2 public schools. Pop. of Alness
proper, about 202 ; of Alness Bridge, 942.
— The parish measures about 20 miles in
length, and about 5 miles in mean breadth.
Beal property in 1880-81, £8531. Pop.1033.
The tract adjacent to the firth is mostly
flat, arable, and embellished ; but the other
parts are hilly or mountainous, and exten-
sively barren. Novar House, in the lower
part, is a fine feature ; and 2 lakes and Ault-
grande burn richly diversify the uplands.
There are 3 schools for 191 scholars, and 2 of
them and an enlargement for 131 are new.

ALNWICK LODGE, collier village in
Irvine parish, Ayrshire.

ALTACHOYLACHAN, burn in Glenlivet,
Banffshire. The battle of 1594, commonly
called the battle of Glenlivet, was fought
on its banks.

ALTANDOW, hamlet in Lochbroom
parish, Boss-shire. It has a public school
with about 86 scholars.

ALTASS, place 4£ miles from Invershin,
on south border of Sutherland. It has a
post office under Ardgay.

ALTAVAIG, low, flat islet, with site of
ancient chapel, off north-east coast of Skye.

ALTBEA, place, with pleasant small bay,
on east side of Loch Ewe, Boss -shire.

ALTDOURAN, romantic glen in Leswalt
parish, Wigtonshire.

ALTENS, fishing harbour in Nigg parish,
Kincar din eshire.

ALTIMARLACH, burn, entering Wick
river 3 miles west of Wick, Caithness.
The notable conflict between the Campbells
and the Sinclairs, in 1680, was fought on
its banks.

ALTMORE, hill-ridge, 5 miles south-
south-east of Buckie, Banffshire.

ALTMORE, burn, entering the Isla 1|
mile east of Keith, Banffshire.

ALTNABREAC, place with post office
under Wick, and with railway station, 274-
miles west-south-west of Wick, Caithness.

ALTNACH, affluent of the Aven, near
Tomantoul, Banffshire.

ALTNAHARRA, place near head of Loch
Naver, 21 miles north of Lairg, Sutherland.
It has a post office under Lairg, an inn,
and a Free church.

ALTNARIE, upland affluent of the Find-
horn, with grand cascade, in Ardclach
parish, Nairnshire.

ALTON, village in Loudoun parish,
Ayrshire.

ALTRIVE, farm, 1|- mile south-east of
foot of St. Mary's Loch, Selkirkshire. It
was the last residence of Hogg, the Ettrick
Shepherd.

ALTYRE, old parish, now part of Baff ord,
Elginshire. Altyre mansion here is the
seat of Sir William G. Cumming, Bart. ;
and Altyre burn is a head-stream of Forres
river.

ALVA, town and parish forming detached
part of Stirlingshire. The town stands on
low flat ground, at terminus of branch
railway, adjacent to acclivities of the
Ochil Hills, 7 miles east-north-east of
Stirling ; extends about f mile across the
entrance of a romantic glen of its own
name ; carries on woollen manufacture,
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, under Stirling,
2 banking offices, a town hall, Estab-
lished, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches, and a public school of 1876, with
accommodation for more than 700 scholars.
Pop. 4961. — The parish measures about 4^
by 2J miles, and comprises 5458 acres.
Beal property in 1880-81, £13,971. Pop.
5113. The southern part is low and fertile,
and the other parts are a portion of the
Ochils, enclosing Alva Glen. That glen is
a cul de sac about 3 miles long ; contains
the mansion and grounds of Alva House ;
exhibits striking features of ravine, cliff,
and waterfall ; and is overhung at the
head by Bencleuch, the loftiest of the
Ochils. There are 4 schools, with ac-
commodation for 934 scholars.

ALV AH, parish on north-east border of
Banffshire, midway between Banff and
Turriff. Post town, Banff. Length and

ALY 11

greatest breadth, each about 6 miles ;
area, 11,488 acres. Keal property in
1880-81, £9712. Pop., quoad civilia, 1356;
quoad sacra, 1187. The river Deveron
traces most of the north-eastern boundary,
and traverses there a romantic chasm
spanned by a noble bridge. Much of the
land adjacent to the river is alluvial, but
much of the rest is hilly, and part of it
barren. There are 2 public schools,
one of them for females only, and they
have about 52 and 49 scholars.

ALVES, hamlet and parish in north-west
of Elginshire. The hamlet lies 5| miles
west of Elgin, and has a post office under
Forres, and a railway station. The parish
includes about a mile of coast, and is about
6j miles long and 5| miles broad. Acres,
9404. Eeal property in 1880-81, £8992.
Pop. 1117. The surface presents a pleasant
diversity of dale and hill. The Knock,
on the east border, is crowned by a modern
tower, commands an extensive view, and
is traditionally associated with the story
of Macbeth and the witches. The churches
are Established and Free ; and the public
school is a new building, with accommoda-
tion for 200 scholars.

ALVIE, parish in Badenoch district,
Inverness-shire. It contains the post office
of Lynwilg, under Aviemore, and the rail-
way station of Kincraig. Its extreme
length is upwards of 20 miles, and its
area is 86,618 acres. Eeal property in
1880-81, £8561. Pop. 707. The surface
is bisected by the Spey, includes part of
that river's strath, averagely about 650 feet
above sea-level, and extends on one side
to one of the loftiest summits of the
Central Grampians, on the other side to
mountain summits considerably lower.
Loch Alvie, in the strath, measures about
3 miles in circuit ; and Tor Alvie, adjacent
to that lake, is a lofty crag surmounted
by a monumental cairn. Other chief
features are Kinrara, a seat of the Duke
of Richmond ; and Belleville, built by
' Ossian ' Macpherson, on site of an ancient
stronghold of the Comyns. The churches
are Established and Free ; and the public
school is a new building, with accommoda-
tion for 150 scholars.

ALYTH, town on east border of Perth-
shire, and parish, partly also on west
border of Forfarshire. The town stands
on a burn of its own name, at terminus of
branch railway, 5£ miles north-west of
Alyth Junction and 5 north-east of Blair-
gowrie, carries on woollen and linen
manufacture, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Meigle, 3 banking offices, an
Established Norman church of 1839,
Free, United Presbyterian, and Episcopal
churches, and 2 public schools with
about 238 scholars. Pop. 2377. — The
parish is about 15 miles long, and com-
prises 19,972 acres in Perthshire, and
3324 in Forfarshire. Eeal property in
1880-81 of the Perthshire part, £23,766 ; of

AND

the Forfarshire part, £1296. Pop. 3521.
A tract of about 15 square miles is. part of
Strathmore, low and fertile, and the other
tracts ascend thence toward the Grampians,
and are variously cultivated ground, moor,
moss, and mountain. Chief objects are
Mount Blair Mountain, King's Seat Hill,
Sir James H. Earn say's seat of Bamff
House, Balhary and Jordanstone mansions,
Inverquiech Castle ruins, and a notable
Pictish entrenchment. There are 4
schools for 562 scholars, and one of them,
for 300, is new.

ALYTH JUNCTION, railway station, 24J
miles north-east of Perth.

AMISFIELD, village, 5 miles north-east
of Dumfries. It has a post office under
Dumfries, and a railway station. Amisfield
House and Tower stand in the vicinity, and
the latter is a remarkably interesting old
baronial fortalice.

AMISFIELD, a seat of the Earl of
Wemyss, on the Tyne, about a mile east
of Haddington.

AMONDELL, seat of the Earl of Buchan,
on Almond river, in Uphall parish,
Linlithgowshire.

AMPLE, stream, running northward to
head of Loch Earn, Perthshire. It makes
a fine cascade adjacent to Edinample
House.

AMULREE, village, on river Bran, 10 miles
south-west of Dunkeld, Perthshire. It
has a post office under Dunkeld, an inn, a
quoad sacra parish church for a pop. of 458,
a Free church station, and a public school.

ANCRUM, village and parish, near centre
of Eoxburghshire. The village stands on
Ale river, near Ancrum bridge, on the
Teviot, 3| miles north-north-west of
Jedburgh ; is near the site of an ancient
Caledonian fort ; had a monastery of the
time of David I. and a large establishment
of the knights of Malta, and now has a
post office under Jedburgh, an ancient
cross, a parochial church, a Free church,
and a public school with about 144 scholars.
Pop. 430. — The parish is 6 miles long,
and comprises 10,295 acres. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £15,586. Pop. 1360. The
surface is pleasantly diversified, and in-
cludes considerable eminences, but is
nowhere hilly. The river Teviot traces
all the south-eastern boundary, and the
Ale runs through the centre, and has a
reach of rocky banks pierced with numer-
ous artificial caves. Ancrum Moor, on
the north-east border, was the scene of a
battle between the Scotch and the English
in 1545. Ancrum House, in vicinity of
the village, is the seat of Sir "William
Scott, Bart. , and was a fine old baronial
mansion, but suffered such utter destruc-
tion by fire in 1873 as to require being
rebuilt. Chesters House, on the Teviot,
is another fine seat.

ANDERSTON, south-western suburb of
Glasgow. It lies averagely about a mile
west-south-west of the Eoyal Exchange, is
bounded by St. Yincent Street, Macalpine

AND

12

AND

Street, the river Clyde, and Finnieston ;
extends about 3| furlongs from north to
south, and about 5 furlongs from east to
west ; embraces an important section of
the harbour; contains many factories,
foundries, and. other industrial establish-
ments, and presents for the most part
a dingy appearance, very different from
that of adjacent places. It was originally
a weavers' village, founded in 1725 ; it
became a considerable town, with the
status of a burgh of barony ; it was long
separated from the outskirts of Glasgow
by a wide rural tract, and it was even-
tually overtaken and engirt by the city's
westward extension, and included in Glas-
gow municipal burgh. It has tramway
communication with all parts of the city,
and it contains several ornamental
churches, a number of other churches,
and a very large public school. Pop. of
Anderston quoad sacra parish, 7273; of
registration district, 38,753.

ANDREW (ST.), parish, with Established
and Free churches, in New Town of Edin-
burgh. Pop. 2963.

ANDREW (ST.), parish, with Established
and Free churches, in east of Glasgow.
Pop. quoad sacra, 5221.

ANDREWS (ST.), city and parish on east
coast of Fife. The city stands at terminus
of branch railway, 45 miles north-by-east
of Edinburgh ; ranks as a royal and
parliamentary burgh, a university town,
a nominal seaport, and a fashionable
summer resort ; occupies a rocky plateau
about 50 feet above sea-level ; overlooks a
wide unsheltered expansion of the Eden's
estuary, called St. Andrews Bay ; adjoins
a large extent of links or downs, famous
for the game of golf ; looks landward over
a low, flat, fertile country, screened at
some miles' distance by gentle hills, and
presents a striking appearance as seen at
a little distance, and a very suggestive
one as seen within its own thoroughfares.
It dates from about the Culdee times ; it
got its name of St. Andrews from a fiction
that some bones of the Apostle Andrew
were' brought to it by an ancient ecclesi-
astic; it figured long and powerfully as
the Canterbury of Scotland ; it was the
scene of martyrdoms, commotions, and
events of national import in the times of
the Reformation ; it figured also in politi-
cal matters of the highest consequence at
various periods, from that of Robert Bruce
till that of James VI. ; it passed eventually
into prolonged neglect and decay, till most
of its historical splendour became lost in
mere ruins and memory, and it underwent
such modern revival as has rendered it a
pleasant and prosperous resort of literary
men, students, wealthy annuitants, and
summer residents.

The town comprises regular, well-built
thoroughfares, 3 principal old streets,
and a number of handsome modern ex-
tensions ; includes great public buildings,
and grand, picturesque, historical ruins ;

has a head post office with all departments,
4 banking offices, 3 hotels, and a number
of boarding and educational estab-
lishments, and publishes 2 weekly news-
papers. The old town hall has been
renovated, and contains curious relics.
The new town hall was erected in 1858-59,
and is well suited for public assemblies.
The Martyrs' Monument was erected in
1842, and is 45 feet high. Trinity Church,
erected in 12th century, was the scene of
some of John Knox's heaviest blows at
Romanism, and underwent repair in 1798.
St. Leonard's Church was originally St.
Salvator's Chapel, erected in 15th century,
and contains a magnificent monument of
its founder, Bishop Kennedy. Other
churches are Free, United Presbyterian,
Congregational, Baptist, and Episcopalian.
The University Library was erected in
1764, on the site of a parliament house.
St. Mary's College was founded in 1537,
forms two sides of a quadrangle, and is
used for only the divinity classes. The
United College comprises St. Salvator's,
founded in 1455, St. Leonard's, founded in
1512, united in 1747 ; forms also two sides
of a quadrangle, and is entered by an
archway through the basement of a lofty
steeple. The number of matriculated
students in 1880 was 187. The Madras
College, for secondary education, was
erected in 1832, comprises an open quad-
rangle, and has accommodation for more
than 1000 pupils. 4 other schools are
in the burgh, and the 5 have aggregately
accommodation for 2008 scholars. The
Castle was erected towards the end of
14th century, succeeded a previous strong
structure of about the beginning of the
13th century, served as both a fortress and
a palace, was destroyed in connection with
the events of the Reformation, and is now
represented chiefly by a tower and part of
a wall. The Cathedral was founded in
1162, completed in 1318, and destroyed in
1559, was a cruciform edifice of 370 feet
from east to west and 180 feet from
north to south, and is now represented
by only the east end, half of the west
end, and part of the south walls. St.
Rule's Chapel is one of the oldest
ecclesiastical structures in Scotland, and,
though long a ruin, still shows a well-
preserved portion of a very small church,
with a tower 108 feet high. The Augus-
tine Monastery, long one of the grandest in
Europe, is now almost entirely extinct. The
Dominican Monastery is still represented
by a fine fragment of arched roof. St.
Andrews unites with 6 other Fife burghs
in sending a member to Parliament. A
railway to Anstruther was begun to be
formed in 1881. Pop. of the parliamen-
tary burgh, 6452.

The parish excludes the St. Leonards
part of the town, but includes Strath-
kinness and Boarhills villages, and it
measures 9 miles in length and less than
3 miles in greatest breadth. Acres, 11,482.

AND

13

ANS

Real property of landward part in 1880-81,
£25,250. Pop., quoad civilia, 7829; quoad
sacra, 6709. The river and estuary of
Eden form the northern boundary ; the
coast thence to the city is firm sandy
beach, skirted by the famous links, and
the coast thence to the southern boundary
is mostly rugged and rocky. Much of the
interior is low flat land, and the rest is
mostly low hill or moor. The seats are
numerous. 3 schools, with accom-
modation for 395 scholars, serve for the
landward parts of both this parish and
St. Leonards.

ANDREWS (ST.), parish on east side of
Pomona, Orkney. It extends from the
eastern boundary of Kirkwall parish to
the sea, includes the islands of Copinshay
and Kirkholm, and has an area of about
13 square miles. Post town, Kirkwall.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £2063. Pop.
1695. The land is mostly flat, but has
diversities of surface, and rises nowhere
higher than about 350 feet. The coast
includes both sandy beach and precipitous
rock, and has a large sea cavern. The
churches are Established and Free. St.
Andrews and Deerness parishes are in
some respects united, and they have 3 new
public schools for 290 scholars.

ANDREWS-LHANBRYDE (ST.), village
and parish in Elginshire. The village
stands 4 miles south-east of Elgin, and has
a post office, of the name of Lhanbryde,
under Elgin. Pop. 294. The parish contains
also a small suburb of, Elgin. Acres, 9197.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £7894. Pop. 1396.
The land is a plain diversified with small
hills, and has mostly a sandy but fertile
soil. There are 3 schools for 258 scholars.

ANDUNTY, lake in Petty parish, Inver-
ness-shire.

ANGELS HILL, eminence, with small
cairn and small stone circle, in Iona Island,
Argyleshire.

ANGUS, Forfarshire.

ANKER VILLE, village in Nigg parish,
Ross-shire.

ANNAN, river, town, and parish in
Annandale, Dumfriesshire. The river
rises among the Hartfell Mountains, runs
about 30 miles southward to the upper
part of the Solway Firth ; receives Evan,
Moffat, Kinnel, Dryfe, Milk, and Mein
waters, and is notable for both the
kinds and the qualities of its fish. — The
town stands on the river about a mile
from the Solway, and on the Glasgow and
South-Western and the Solway Junction
Railways, 15J miles south-east of Dumfries;
ranks as a royal and parliamentary burgh,
covers ground which may have been
occupied by a Roman station, was an
important post of the Romanized Britons
and of their successors till the time of
William the Lion, made a great figure in
the wars of the Succession and in the
Border forays, had a grand strong castle
of Robert Bruce and military defences of
wall and fosse ; is now a well-built town

of modern aspect, has a head post office
with all departments, 2 railway stations,
3 banking offices, a chief hotel, a fine
town hall of 1878, a new water supply of
1881, a steepled Established church, Free
and United Presbyterian churches, Con-
gregational, Episcopalian, and Roman
Catholic chapels, 2 large public schools,
and a mechanics' institute ; and unites
with Dumfries, Lochmaben, Sanquhar,
and Kirkcudbright in sending a member
to Parliament. Real property in 1880-81,
exclusive of railways, £10,805. Pop.
of parliamentary burgh, 3368. — The parish
contains also the village of Annan- Water-
foot, and part of the village of Bridekirk,
and is 8 miles long. Acres, 10,915. Real
property of landward part in 1880-81,
£15,801. Pop., quoad civilia, 5516; quoad
sacra, 4936. The coast is flat and tame,
but the interior is diversified by swells,
3 low parallel ridges, and 3 small
hills. The seats are Mount Annan,
Warmanbie, and Northfield. The town
public schools are the quondam aca-
demy and 2 parochial, with about 140
and 29 scholars ; and the landward schools
are 2, with accommodation for 302 scholars.

ANNANDALE, basin of river Annan. . It
begins with a mountain glen about 5 miles
long, forms then the vast hollow of the
Deil's Beef-Tub, and is thence to the
firth a beautiful, fertile, hill-screened
valley, called the How of Annandale,
partly from 15 to 18 miles wide. It con-
tained strong posts of the Romans ; be-
came the property and lordship of the
royal Bruces, passed to the Earl of Moray,
the Earls of Dunbar, and the Earls of
Douglas, and gave the title of earl from
1643, and of marquis from 1701 till 1792,
to the Johnstones.

ANNAN-WATERFOOT, port of Annan
town, at mouth of Annan river.

ANNAT, place, with public school, in
Kilchrenan parish, Argyleshire.

ANNAT, small affluent of the Teith, near
Doune, Perthshire. It has numerous
cascades.

ANNBANK, town, 5 miles east-by-north
of Ayr. It has a post office, with money
order department, under Kilmarnock, a
railway station, and an Established
church. Pop. 1309.

ANNICK, river, running about 14 miles
south-westward to the Irvine, near Irvine
town, Ayrshire.

ANNICK LODGE, place, with public
school, in Irvine parish, Ayrshire.

ANNIESLAND, village in Renfrew parish,
Renfrewshire. Pop. 440.

ANNISTON, seat in Inverkeilor parish,
Forfarshire.

ANN'S BRIDGE (ST. ), picturesque locality
on Kinnel river, 13 miles north-north-east
of Dumfries.

ANOCH, place near head of Glenmoris-
ton, Inverness-shire.

ANSTRUTHER, seaport town and 2
parishes on south-east coast of Fife.

ANT

14

ARA

The town stands at terminus of the
East of Fife Kailway, 23f miles east-north-
east of Kirkcaldy ; comprises the royal
burgh of Anstruther-Wester, the royal
burgh of Anstruther - Easter, and the
suburb of Cellardyke, or main part of the
royal burgh of Kilrenny ; forms one con-
tinuous town, with slender breadth, along
the coast ; has a head post office with
money order and telegraph departments,
3 banking offices, a town hall of 1872,
elaborate harbour works begun in 1866,
and costing upwards of £60,000 till 1874,
a notable and very ancient Established
church, another Established church,
Free, United Presbyterian, Evangelical
Union, and Baptist churches, a public
school with about 340 scholars, and 3
other public schools; figures notably in
Dr. Tennant's Anster Fair, and was the
birth-place of Maggie Lauder and the
Rev. Dr. Chalmers. A railway to St.
Andrews was begun to be formed in 1881.
The burghs unite with 4 other Fife
burghs in sending a member to Parliament.
Pop. of Anstruther-Wester, 594 ; of An-
struther-Easter, 1349 ; of Kilrenny, 2769.
■ — The parishes are Anstruther-Wester and
Anstruther-Easter. Acres, 911 and 25.
Real property in 1880-81 of landward part
of Anstruther-Wester, £1664. Pop. of all
Anstruther-Wester, 683.

ANTERMONY, hamlet and seat in
Campsie parish, Stirlingshire.

ANTONINUS' WALL, quondam Roman
rampart, from Carriden on Firth of Forth
to a point near Old Kilpatrick on the
Clyde. It was nearly 36| miles long. It
comprised a wall 24 feet thick and 20 feet
high, and a north-side fosse 40 feet wide
and 20 feet deep. It had 3 forts at
each end, and 15 forts at regular in-
termediate distances, and it has yielded
many interesting relics, but has left very
few and slight vestiges in situ.

ANWOTH, village and parish on south-
west seaboard of Kirkcudbrightshire.
The village stands on the Fleet opposite
Gatehouse, and is suburban to that town.
Pop. 337. — The parish includes the pen-
insula between Fleet Bay and Wigton
Bay, and is about miles long. Acres,
11,774. Real property in 1880-81, £6797.
Pop. 728. The coast is mostly flat, but
partly rocky, and has 2 large caves.
The interior is tumulated in the south
and centre, and bold and barren in the
north. The seats are Cardoness, Ardwall,
Kirkclauch, and Rusco. The present
parochial church is modern, and contains
400 sittings. The previous church, a
barn-like building, was served by the
celebrated Samuel Rutherford, and is still
standing. A granite obelisk to Ruther-
ford's memory was erected in 1842,
destroyed by lightning in 1847, and rebuilt
in 1851, and makes a conspicuous figure on
a neighbouring hill. A United Presby-
terian church is in the village, but takes
designation from Gatehouse. There are

3 schools for 235 scholars, and one of
them, for 70, is new.

APP, stream of Glenapp, Ballantrae
parish, Ayrshire. It runs south-westward
to Loch Ryan.

APPIN, village and quoad sacra parish
in north of Argyleshire. The village
stands on a bay of its own name on south-
east side of Loch Linnhe, 12 miles north-
north-east of Oban, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Fort-William. — The parish
was constituted in 1868 ; is part of an old
parish of Appin, now united to Lismore ;
measures about 18 miles by 12, and ex-
hibits much diversity and picturesqueness
of landscape. Pop. 762. Appin House,
on the coast, is a fine mansion. ' A land
that was famous of yore, the land of
green Appin,' is sung in Hogg's ballad,
entitled, 'The Stuarts of Appin.' The
churches are Established and Free, and
the public school has about 87 scholars.

APPIN, vale on left side of the Tay,
near Aberfeldy, Perthshire.

APPIN, hill, with large cairn, in Tynron
parish, Dumfriesshire.

APPIN, estate in Dunfermline parish,Fif e.
APPLEBY, lake in Glasserton parish,
Wigtonshire.

APPLEGROSS, hamlet, vale, and parish
on south-west coast of Ross-shire. The
hamlet lies on a bay of its own name, 14
miles north-by-west of Kyleakin ; has a
post office under Dingwall, an Established
church, a Free church, and a public school
with about 83 scholars, and had anciently
a Culdee cell, followed by a famous
Romish church, now represented by a
curiously-sculptured small obelisk. The
vale lies around the hamlet, and is over-
hung by lofty sandstone mountains with
grand views. The parish includes Kis-
horn, Oroulin, and Ba islands, and
measures on the mainland about 20 miles
by 20. Real property in 1880-81, £4415.
Pop., quoad civilia, 2354; quoad, sacra,
949. The surface, with small exception,
is mountainous and bleak. There are 10
schools for 476 scholars, and 8 of them,
for 383, are new.

APPLEGARTH,parish, containing Nether-
cleugh and Dinwoodie railway stations,
in centre of Annandale, Dumfriesshire.
Post town, Lockerby. Length, about 6
miles ; greatest breadth, about 5 miles ;
area, 11,869 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £11,979. Pop. 969. The river
Annan traces all the western boundary,
and the Dryfe traverses the interior.
More than half of the land is low plain,
and the rest is hilly. Jardine Hall, the
seat of Sir Alexander Jardine, Bart., is a
chief feature ; and Balgray and Hook are
other mansions. There are 2 public
schools, with about 105 scholars.

APPLETREE HALL, village in Wilton
parish, Roxburghshire.

ARASAIG, village and district on south-
west coast of Inverness-shire. The village

ARA

15

ARB

stands on north side of Loch-na-Gaul,
near the sea, about 30 miles south of
Kyleakin ; is regularly called at by
steamers, and has a post office, with money
order department, under Fort-William, a
large inn, an Established mission church,
a Free church preaching-station, a Roman
Catholic church with 600 sittings, and a
Roman Catholic school. The district is
bounded on the north by Loch Morar, on
the south by Loch Aylort, and is mostly
mountainous and sterile.

ARAY, rivulet, running 9 miles south-
ward to Loch Fyne, in vicinity of Inverary,
Argyleshire. It traverses a romantic
glen, and makes 2 fine cascades.

ARBEADIE, village in Banchory-Ternan
parish, Kincardineshire. Pop. 302.

ARBIGLAND, seat in Kirkbean parish,
Kirkcu dbrightshire.

ARBIRLOT, village and parish on east
coast of Forfarshire. The village stands
on Elliot rivulet, 3 miles west-south-west
of Arbroath, and has a post office under
Arbroath. The parish contains also Bon-
nington village, and is about 4 miles long.
Acres, 6747. Real property in 1880-81,
£13,224. Pop. 822. The coast is flat
and sandy, and the interior undulates or
gradually rises,but is nowhere hilly. Kelly
Castle is a chief feature. The churches
are Established and Free, and the public
school is a new building, for 135 scholars.

ARBORY, conical hill, adjacent to the
Clyde, in Lamington parish, Lanarkshire.
It rises about 500 feet above the Clyde's
level, and has extensive rude antiquities,
apparently of the Caledonian times.

ARBROATH, town and parish on east
coast of Forfarshire. The town stands at
a junction of railways, opposite Bell Rock
lighthouse, 16-J miles east-north-east of
Dundee ; is a royal and parliamentary
burgh, a head port, and a seat of manu-
facture ; made a great figure throughout
the Middle Ages in connection with a
grand abbey, but has figured little in civil
history, and is the ' Fairport ' of Sir
Walter Scott's Antiquary. It has a head
post office with all departments, 5
banking offices, 3 hotels, a town hall,
public reading-rooms, a public library, a
museum, public baths, an infirmary, 5
Established churches, 5 Free churches,
3 United Presbyterian churches, and
Original Secession, Congregational, Evan-
gelical Union, Baptist, Wesleyan, and
Roman Catholic churches, and a number
of public schools and other institutions.
It contains some well-built streets and
handsome public buildings, and has under-
gone much recent improvement, yet shows
less attractiveness than many other British
towns of its size. Its abbey, though now
a fragmentary ruin, is still its most strik-
ing feature, was founded in 1178 by
William the Lion, stood within a wall-
engirt area of 1150 by 706 feet, had a
cruciform church measuring 270 feet from
east to west and 132 feet from north to

south, and now exhibits in its ruins
beautiful blendings of Norman and early
pointed architecture. The town hall is a
neat edifice of 1806. The market-place
was erected in 1856, at a cost of about
£5000. The public baths were projected
in September 1880. The burgh church in
the Romish times disappeared after the
Reformation, and remains of it were
found in the course of improving the har-
bour in 1877. The present burgh church
was erected in 1791, acquired an elegant
steeple in 1830, and contains 1690 sittings.
St. Margaret's Established Church was
erected in 1879, at a cost of about £6000,
and contains 1000 sittings. Several of
the other churches are recent and good.
15 schools, for 3421 scholars, are in the
burgh, and 3 of them, for 1660, are
new. A public park adjacent to the north-
eastern boundary was projected in 1876.
The harbour is artificial, and a dock on it
was completed in September 1877, cost
nearly £40,000, and has an area of
2| acres, a quayage of 1313 feet, and a
depth of 17|- feet at ordinary spring tides.
The shipping in 1879 comprised 281 British
vessels, of 27,409 tons, and 35 foreign
vessels, of 5404 tons, inwards ; and 274
British vessels, of 25,836 tons, and 32
foreign vessels, of 4928 tons, outwards.
The parliamentary burgh unites with
Montrose, Forfar, Brechin, and Bervie in
sending a member to Parliament. Real
property in 1880-81, exclusive of railways,
£79,185. Pop. of parliamentary burgh,
21,758. — The parish includes less than
half of the town, the rest of which is in
St. Vigeans. Acres, 943. Real property
of landward part in 1880-81, £1420. Pop. ,
quoad civilia, 9466; quoad sacra, 4706. The
parts of it and of St. Vigeans outside the
burgh are under one board, and have
school accommodation for 427 scholars.

ARBROATH AND DUNDEE RAILWAY.
See Dundee and Arbroath Railway.

ARBROATH AND FORFAR RAILWAY,
railway from Arbroath harbour north-
westward and west - north - westward to
Guthrie Junction, and westward thence to
Forfar. It is 15i miles long, and rises 220
feet ; it was completed in 1839, at a cost of
£131,644 ; it became amalgamated with the
Aberdeen Railway, and through that with
the Caledonian, and the dividend for it
was arranged in 1876 to stand at 6 per
cent, till 1879, and become permanently
5| in 1880.

ARBROATH AND MONTROSE RAIL-
WAY, railway from junction with the
North British system at Arbroath north-
ward along the coast to Montrose. It was
undertaken in 1871, was, with some local
exception, not commenced till early part
of 1879, was partially opened for goods
traffic in October 1880, and cost, till near
that time, £219,398. It goes almost due
north to Lunan Bay, proceeds thence on
the coast all the way to Ferryden, circles
thence across the South Esk to back of

AEB

16

ARD

Montrose High Street, sends off a branch,
about a mile long, into junction with
Montrose and Bervie Kail way, and proceeds
about 3 miles north-westward into junction
with the Caledonian. Three viaducts are
on it near Lunan Bay ; an elaborate cutting,
about a mile long, conveys it past Ferryden ;
two viaducts, costing about £8000 and
£18,000, take it across the two arms of the
South Esk; and a plot of 33 acres, re-
claimed from Montrose lagoon by means
of a lofty sea-wall, fully a mile long, is
partly occupied by its Montrose station.

ARBUTHNOT, parish midway between
Fordoun and Bervie, Kincardineshire. It
has a post office under Fordoun. Its length
is 5 miles ; its area 9585 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £9767. Pop. 809.
The surface is a very diversified assemblage
of vale and hill, and rises nowhere higher
than about 650 feet. The mansions are
Arbuthnot House and Kair, and the former
is the seat of Viscount Arbuthnot. The
public school has room for 109 scholars.

ARCHAIG, lake in Glenarchaig, Inver-
ness-shire. It measures about 10 miles in
length and about f mile in mean breadth,
and reaches to vicinity of Great Glen ; it
describes, from head to foot, the segment
of a circle, it is overhung by lofty peaked
mountains, and it has a wooded islet con-
taining the burial-place of the Lochiel
family.

ARCHERBECK, burn, running to the
Liddel, in Canonbie parish, Dumfriesshire.

ARCHERFIELD, seat in Dirleton parish,
Haddingtonshire .

ARCHIESTON, village in Knockando
parish, Elginshire. It has a post office
under Craigellachie. Pop. 375.

ARCLET, gloomy small lake on north-
west border of Stirlingshire, between
Inversnaid and Loch Katrine.

ARD, lake on south-west verge of Perth-
shire, skirted by road from Aberfoyle to
Inversnaid. It is divided by a gorge into
two lakes, larger and smaller ; it measures
about 4 miles in length, and from 3 to 9
furlongs in breadth; it shares much of
the grandest mountain scenery of Lochs
Katrine and Lomond; it presents views
ranging from the beautiful to the sublime ;
it contains an islet crowned with a ruined
castle of Murdoch, Duke of Albany ; and
it has on its shores a number of ornate
residences.

ARDALANISH, headland near south-
west extremity of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

ARDALLIE, quoad sacra parish in north-
east of Aberdeenshire. It comprises parts
of Cruden, Ellon, Longside, and Old Deer.
It has a public school with about 130
scholars, and its post town is Mintlaw.
Pop. 1258.

ARDARGIE, estate, with well-preserved
small Roman camp, in Forgandenny parish,
Perthshire.

ARDARUNAR, headland on west coast of
North Uist, Outer Hebrides.

ARDAVASAR. See Ardvarsae.

ARDBEG, headland, forming west horn
of Rothesay Bay, Bute Island.

ARDBLAIR, lake and old seat in Blair-
gowrie parish, Perthshire.

ARDCARNICH, place, 5| miles south-
south-east of Ullapool, Ross-shire.

ARDCHADUILL, promontory in Loch-
broom parish, Ross-shire.

ARDCHATTAN, parish in Lorn district,
Argyleshire. It is bisected by Loch Etive,
comprises Ardchattan proper on the north,
and Muckairn on the south, includes Eriska
and Duirnish Islands, is traversed by the
Callander and Oban Railway, and its post
town is Taynuilt, under Oban. It measures
more than 40 miles in length and about
10 miles in mean breadth. Real property
in 1880-81, £15,191. Pop., quoad civilia,
2001 ; quoad sacra, 1386. — Ardchattan
proper is remarkably mountainous, and
consists very largely of rugged alpine
masses, and great wastes of moor and
moss, yet includes charming varieties of
fertile plain, pleasant valley, and wooded
hill. Muckairn contains some lofty ground,
yet is comparatively low. Ardchattan
Priory, on Loch Etive, 4 miles north-west
of Taynuilt, was founded in 1231, is notable
for a national council held in it by Robert
Bruce, had a cruciform church with central
tower, and has left some interesting re-
mains. Ardchattan House, originally the
prior's residence, is now a modernized
massive mansion. Other seats are Loch-
nell, Barcaldine, Inverawe, and Drimvuick,
and a notable antiquity is the alleged vestige
of the Dalriadan city Berigonium. The
churches are 2 Established and 2 Free,
and the public schools are 4, with about
279 scholars

ARDCHULLARIE. See Ardhullary.

ARDCLACH, hamlet and parish in Nairn-
shire. The hamlet lies on Findhorn river,
9 miles south-south-east of Nairn, and has
a post office under Forres. The parish
measures about 11 miles by 1\. Real
property in 1880-81, £6812. Pop. 1117.
The surface is sub-alpine, but includes low
tracts on the Findhorn. Coulmony House
is the only mansion ; and a sculptured
obelisk, similar to the Forres pillar, is the
chief antiquity. The churches are Estab-
lished and Free. There are 4 schools for
233 scholars, and one of them, for 50, is
new.

ARDEER, town, with extensive iron-
works, suburban to Stevenston, Ayrshire.
Pop. included in Stevenston.

ARDELISTER, islets in Kildalton parish,
Islay, Argyleshire.

ARDELVE, hamlet in Lochbroom parish,
Ross-shire. It has a post office under
Lochalsh, and a public school.

ARDEN, suburb of Airdrie, Lanarkshire.
Pop. 294.

ARDEN, seat of Sir James Lumsden, on
Loch Lomond, 1\ miles north-north-west
of Dumbarton.

ARDENADAM, village on Holy Loch,
near Dunoon, Argyleshire.

ARD

17

ARD

ARDENCONNEL, seat in Eow parish,
Dumbartonshire.

ARDENTINNY, village on Loch Long, 5
miles north of Strone, Argyleshire. It has
a post office under Greenock, a hotel, and
a quoad sacra parish church for a pop. of
203 ; and it figures in a well-known song
of Tannahill.

ARDENTRIVE, bay in Kerrera Island,
opposite Oban, Argyleshire. Measures
were projected in 1880 for erecting on it
villas or a village, building a pier, and
instituting a steam ferry to Oban.

ARDEONAIG, village on Loch Tay, 8^
miles north-east of Killin, Perthshire. It
has an inn, a Free church, and a public
school.

ARDERSIER, parish on Moray Firth and
Highland Railway, in north-east corner
of Inverness - shire. It contains Fort-
George and most of Campbelton village,
and has a post office of its own name,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Fort-George Station. Acres,
3824. Real property in 1880-81, £4424.
Pop. 2086. The shore is flat and sandy,
and the interior rises, with various cha-
racter, to a border hill about 200 feet
high. The churches are Established, Free,
and United Presbyterian ; and there are
2 public schools with about 293 scholars.

ARDFERN, hamlet on upper part of
Loch Craignish, Argyleshire. It has a
post office under Lochgilphead.

ARDFINAIG, place at south-western ex-
tremity of Mull, opposite Iona, Argyleshire.

ARDGARTEN, small low peninsula, with
mansion, between Glencroe and Loch
Long, Argyleshire.

ARDGAY, village, adjacent to Highland
Railway, on northern verge of Ross-shire,
near Bonar Bridge. It has a head post
office with all departments, a commodious
inn, and a public school.

ARDGOUR, district in Argyleshire, and
quoad sacra parish, partly also in Inverness-
shire. The district is a peninsula between
Loch Eil and Loch Shiel, measures about
13 miles by 11, contains Ardgour House
near Corran Ferry, and has a post office of
its own name, with money order and tele-
graph departments, under Fort-William.
The parish is called Ballachulish and Ard-
gour. Pop. 749.

ARDGOWAN, seat of Sir Michael R. S.
Stewart, Bart., near Innerkip, Renfrew-
shire.

ARDGREENAN, seat in Tongland parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

ARDHULLARY, seat and two mountains
on east side of Loch Lubnaig, Perthshire.

ARDINCAPLE, a seat of Sir James
Colquhoun, Bart., formerly jointure-house
of the Dowager-Duchess of Argyle, adja-
cent to Gareloch, in vicinity of Helens-
burgh, Dumbartonshire.

ARDINCAPLE, seat on Seil Island,
Argyleshire.

ARDINNING, small lake in Strathblane
parish, Stirlingshire.

ARDKENNETH, place, with Roman
Catholic chapel, in northern part of South
Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

ARDKINGLASS, seat and vestiges of
ancient castle on upper part of Loch
Fyne, near foot of Glenkinglass, Argyle-
shire.

ARDLAIR, place on north side, near foot
of Loch Maree, Ross-shire.

ARDLAMONT, headland, seat, and public
school between Kyles of Bute and mouth
of Loch Fyne, Argyleshire.

ARDLE, rivulet of Strathardle, running
13 miles south - south - eastward to the
Ericht, in Perthshire.

ARDLER, railway station, 18J miles
north-east of Perth.

ARDLISH, seat on east side of upper
part of Loch Lomond.

ARDLUI, steamboat station, seat, and
public school, at head of Loch Lomond.

ARDLUSSA, seat and streamlet in J ura
Island, Argyleshire.

ARDMADDY, a seat of the Earl of
Breadalbane on the coast, 10 miles south-
south-west of Oban, Argyleshire.

ARDMARNOCH, seat on Loch Fyne, in
Kilfinan parish, Argyleshire.

ARDMATTY, fort on east side, upper
part of Loch Etive, Argyleshire.

ARDMEANACH, large, broad - backed,
hilly peninsula between Cromarty Firth
and Moray Firth, Ross-shire.

ARDMELLIE, seat in Marnoch parish,
Banffshire.

ARDMICHAEL, headland on west coast
of South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

ARDMIDDLE, hill, and hamlet with
public school, in west of Turriff parish,
Aberdeenshire.

ARDMILE, headland on west coast of
South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

ARDMILLAN, seat, 1\ miles south-south-
west of Girvan, Ayrshire.

ARDMINISH, bay and headland on east
side of Gigha Island, Argyleshire.

ARDMORE, wooded peninsula, with seat,
on Firth of Clyde, between Dumbarton
and Helensburgh.

ARDMORE, bay, headland, and islets on
east side of Islay Island, Argyleshire.

ARDMORE, headland and bay at northern
extremity of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

ARDMORE, headland in Vaternish dis-
trict, Isle of Skye.

ARDMORE, harbour in Eddertoun
parish, Ross-shire.

ARDMUCKNISH, bay on north side of
Loch Etive, immediately within that loch's
mouth, Argyleshire.

ARDNAC ALLIO CH, promontory at east
end of Ulva, Argyleshire.

ARDNACROSS, bay and estate, 6 miles
north-east of Campbelton, Argyleshire.

ARDNAMURCHAN, hamlet, headland,
and district, Argyleshire, and parish,
partly also in Inverness-shire. The ham-
let lies on the coast, 7 miles by water
north-north-west of Tobermory, and has a
post office, with money order department,

ARD

18

ARD

under Fort-William, a parochial church
with 600 sittings, and a Free church. The
headland faces the Atlantic with salient
point, 4J miles north-west of the hamlet ;
exhibits a broad, bold, rugged appearance ;
forms the most westerly ground on main-
land of Scotland ; and is crowned with a
lighthouse showing a fixed light visible at
the distance of 18 nautical miles. The
district is a peninsula, extending eastward
from the headland; measures about 16
miles in length and about 4J miles in mean
breadth ; consists chiefly of very diversified
hills, rising nowhere higher than 1759 feet ;
and includes considerable skirts and inter-
spersions of good arable land. The parish
comprises also Sunart district in Argyle-
shire, and Moidart, Arasaig, and South
Morar districts, together with Shona
Island, in Inverness-shire. Its extreme
length, by any road, is about 70 miles, its
extreme breadth about 40 miles, Real
property in 1880-81 of the Argyleshire part,
£10,372; of the Inverness-shire part,£9512.
Pop. of the whole, quoad civilia, 4091 ;
quoad sacra, 2234. There are 9 schools
for 506 scholars, and 5 of them, for 249,
are new.

ARDNEIL, sea cliff at south-west ex-
tremity of West Kilbride parish, Ayr-
shire.

ARDNISH, headland at south-west end
of Coll Island, Argyleshire.

ARDNOE, headland at mouth of Loch
Crinan, Argyleshire.

ARDO, seat near the Dee in Banchory-
Devenick parish, Kincardineshire.

ARDOCH, parish, containing Braco and
Greenloaning villages, Perthshire. Acres,
22,127. Pop. 1102. The surface adjoins
the watershed between Strathallan and
Strathearn, and is drained by the Knaik
to Allan river. Ardoch House, and a
Roman camp within that mansion's
grounds, are chief features. The Roman
camp is the best preserved and most
notable in Great Britain ; has been the
subject of much controversy as to its
connection or non-connection with the
battle of 'Mons Grampus,' comprises 3
oblongs of 420 by 375, of 1060 by 900, and
of 2850 by 1590 feet ; underwent consider-
able damage by the formation of General
Wade's military roads, yet retains distinct
features of its original conformation, and
possesses additional interest in the exist-
ence, for miles around it, of remains or
traces of Caledonian forts or entrench-
ments. The churches are Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian ; and there
are 3 public schools for 215 scholars.

ARDQYNE, hill in Oyne parish, Aber-
deenshire.

ARDPATRICK, headland, seat, and
hamlet at south-western extremity of
Knapdale, Argyleshire. The hamlet has
a post office, with money order department,
under Greenock.

ARDRISHAIG, seaport town at entrance
of Crinan Canal, 2 miles south-south-west

of Lochgilphead, Argyleshire. It prospers
in connection with the canal traffic and
the herring fishery, and it has a post office,
with all departments, under Lochgilphead,
a hotel, a quoad sacra parish church, a Free
church, an Episcopalian church, and a
public school with about 160 scholars.
Pop. of quoad sacra parish, 1210.

ARDROSS, seat and post office, 4^ miles
north of Alness, Ross-shire. The seat is
modern and castellated, and the post
office is under Alness.

ARDROSS, ruined baronial fortalice on
the coast near Elie, Fife.
< ARDROSSAN, town and parish on north
side of Ayr Bay, Ayrshire. The town is a
police burgh, a head port, and a watering-
place ; stands on a branch of Glasgow and
South- Western Railway, 31J miles south-
west of Glasgow; includes a small low
promontory, long the site of ancient
hamlet, baronial castle, and parochial
church; was itself founded in 1806, with
design of being the chief out-port of
Glasgow; suffered such defeat of that
design as caused it to struggle slowly
toward importance ; consists of spacious,
well-built streets, a fine crescent, and
numerous villas ; contains the Earl of
Eglinton's seaside seat of the Pavilion ;
commands delightful views across the
waters of the Firth of Clyde ; is so near
Saltcoats as to render that town almost
conjoint with it; and has a head post
office with all departments, a railway
station, 3 banking offices, 3 hotels,
2 Established churches, Free, United
Presbyterian, Congregational, and Episco-
palian churches, and 2 public schools.
The harbour is artificial, was constructed
at enormous cost, and affords facile steam-
boat communication with Arran and
Ireland. The arrivals at the port in 1879
were 3748 British vessels, of 396,905 tons,
and 54 foreign vessels of 13,308 tons ; the
departures, 3630 British vessels, of 389,872
tons, and 56 foreign vessels, of 14,515 tons.
Pop. 3960. — The parish includes also the
larger part of Saltcoats, and measures
about 6 miles by 3f . Acres, 6668. Real
property in 1880-81, £39,905. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 7754 ; quoad sacra, 3656.
Most of the land is low, with generally
light, fertile soil, and that in the north-
west is hilly, culminating at 706 feet above
sea-level. There are 4 schools for 1245
scholars, and 2 of them, for 1000, are new.

ARDROSSAN (NEW), quoad sacra parish
in Ardrossan parish, Ayrshire. It was
constituted in 1851, and its church stands
in the town, and was built as a chapel-of-
ease in 1844. Pop. 4022.

ARDSHIEL, seat near junction of Loch
Leven and Loch Linnhe, north verge of
Argyleshire.

ARDSKINISH, headland at south-
western extremity of Colonsay Island,
Argyleshire.

ARDSTINCHAR, old castle near Ballan-
trae, Ayrshire.

AED

19

ARG

ARDTALNAIG, place, with public school,
in Kenmore parish, Perthshire.

ARDTEALLA, bay in Kildalton parish,
lsl ay Island, Argyleshire.

ARDTOE, headland and bay on north
coast of Ardnamurchan district, Argyle-
shire.

ARDTORNISH. See Artornish.

ARDTUN, basaltic headland at mouth
of Loch Scriden, Mull Island, Argyleshire.

ARDUTHIE, part of Stonehaven, Kin-
cardineshire.

ARDVAR, small harbour in Assynt
parish, Sutherland.

ARDVARSAR, bay, headland, and ham-
let on Sleat Sound, Isle of Skye. The
hamlet has a post office under Broadford.

ARDVERIKIE, ruined seat on west side
of Loch Laggan, Inverness-shire. It was
built as a hunting-lodge in 1840, by the
Marquis of Abercorn ; was occupied, along
with temporary erections, in the autumn
of 1847, by the royal family and their
household ; passed to Sir John Ramsden,
and was destroyed by fire in 1874.

ARDVOIRLICH, seat on south side of
Loch Earn, Perthshire. It is the Darlin-
varoch of Sir Walter Scott's Legend of
Montrose.

ARDVOIRLICH, small bay on west side,
near head of Loch Lomond.

ARDVRACK, ruined ancient castle on
Loch Assynt, Sutherland. It belonged to
the Macleods, and was the place of the
Marquis of Montrose's durance after his
capture in 1650.

ARDVRECKNISH, shooting - lodge of
Earl of Breadalbane, on Loch Tolla,
Glenorchy, Argyleshire.

ARDWAL, island in Borgue parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

ARDWALL, seat in Anwoth parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

ARDWELL, bay, headland, village, and
seat in Stoneykirk parish, Wigtonshire.
The village has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Stranraer.

AREEMING, estate in Kirkpatrick-
Durham parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ARGYLE, district in mainland of Argyle-
shire. It is separated from Lorn by
Lochs Awe, Avich, and Melfort ; from
Cowal by Loch Fyne ; from Knapdale by
Loch Gilp and the Crinan Canal. Its
name signifies ' The Land of the Gael.'

ARGYLE'S BOWLING GREEN, group of
mountains overhanging Loch Long, from
Glencroe to Loch Goil, on east border of
Argyleshire. The mountains culminate
in a summit 2497 feet high ; they are all
lofty, precipitous, and rugged ; they ex-
hibit a wild, savage, impressive aspect ;
they are so fissured and curved over flank
and crown as to seem, in the distance, like
a mass of statuary, and they figure
superbly on the horizon of multitudes of
views on upper parts of the Firth of Clyde.

ARGYLESHIRE, maritime county in
south-west of Scotland. It extends about

115 miles southward from boundary with
Inverness-shire to the North Channel
opposite Ireland, and includes Tyree, Mull,
Jura, Islay, and 46 other inhabited islands.
Its greatest breadth on the mainland is 55
miles, but to the extremity of the islands
is 85 miles ; its coast line, both from in-
tersection of its mainland by sea-lochs
and from inclusion of the islands, is pro-
portionately enormous ; and its land area
is 3255 square miles. Part of its main-
land lies north of Loch Linnhe, and com-
prises the districts of Locheil. Ardgour, Sun-
art, Ardnamurchan, and Morvern ; and the
rest is divided into the districts of Lorn,
Argyle, Cowal, Knapdale, and Kintyre.
The islands comprehend all the Southern
Hebrides of modern times, but not all of
ancient times, and form the Mull group,
with Tyree and Coll in the north, and the
group of Jura and Islay, with Colonsay and
Gigha, in the south. Most of the mainland,
and most of Mull and Jura, are grandly
mountainous, and very much of the former
is intermixture of alpine heights, bleak
moors, deep glens, long sea-lochs, and ex-
tensive lakes. A large proportion of the
whole, both continental and insular,
displays much force and picturesqueness
of scenery. A number of the mountain
peaks rise to altitudes of more than 3000
feet, and many more are not much lower.
The chief sea-lochs are Eil, Leven, Linnhe,
Sunart, Etive, Craignish, Swein, Killis-
port, Tarbert, Fyne, Long, Striven,
Riddan, Tua, Na-Keal, Scriden, and
Indal. The principal lakes are Shiel on the
northern boundary, Awe between Lorn
and Argyle, and Eck in Cowal. The chief
streams are the Orchy entering Loch Awe,
and the Awe leaving that lake ; but lesser
streams are very numerous, and many of
them interesting. The rocks are prin-
cipally granite, quartz, mica slate, and
trap, but include, at Ballachulish and
Easdale, plentiful and famous roofing
slate. The ground capable of cultivation
lies chiefly along the coast, and amounts
to about one-eighth of the entire land
area. A large portion of the property
belongs to the Duke of Argyle and the
Earl of Breadalbane. The distillation of
whisky, carried on at Campbelton and in
Islay, is the chief manufacture. The
towns are Inverary, Campbelton, Dunoon,
Oban, Lochgilphead, Ardrishaig, Tarbert,
and Ballachulish ; and only 7 other
seats of population have each more than
300 inhabitants. The chief antiquities
are Caledonian stone circles, Scandinavian
duns, the castles of Dunstaffnage, Dunolly,
Mingarry, Artornish, Kilchurn, Skipnish,
Dunoon, and Carrick, and the ecclesias-
tical ruins of Iona, Oronsay, Ardchattan,
Kilmun, and Kintyre. Pop. in 1S71,
75,679 ; in 1881, 76,440. Real property in
1879-80, exclusive of canals, £499,736.

ARGYLE STONE, mountain, 2939 feet
high, 3 miles south-east of Alvie church,
Inverness-shire.

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20

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ARICHONAN, lofty hill in North Knap-
dale parish, Argyleshire.

ARICLINY, lake in Kildonan parish,
Sutherland.

ARIENAS, lake in Morvern parish,
Argyleshire.

ARINACRUMACHD, place, with public
school, in Applecross parish, Ross-shire.

ARINANGOUR, seaport village in Coll
Island, Argyleshire.

ARISAIG. See Akasaig.

ARITY, burn in Inverarity parish,
Forfarshire.

ARKAIG. See Archaig.

ARKENDEITH, ruined old fortalice in
Avoch parish, Ross-shire.

ARKLE, isolated tapering mountain,
2578 feet high, in Edderachyllis parish,
Sutherland.

ARKLET. See Arclet.

ARLERY, seat near Milnathort, Kinross-
shire.

ARMADALE, town, 2J miles west of
Bathgate, Linlithgowshire. It was scarcely
even a hamlet till within a recent period ;
it became a town and has prospered in
connection with mineral industries ; and it
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Bathgate,
a railway station, Established and Free
churches, Wesley an and Episcopalian
chapels, and a public school with about
215 scholars. Pop. 2642.

ARMADALE, rivulet, bay, fishing village,
and headland in Farr parish, Sutherland.
The rivulet is short, but important. The
bay receives the rivulet, lies between
Strathy head and Armadale headland, and
is one of the safest landing-places on the
north coast. The village stands on the
bay, 20 miles west-south-west of Thurso,
and has a post office under Thurso, and a
small public school.

ARMADALE, seat of Lord Macdonald on
south-east coast of Skye Island, 7 miles
north-east of Sleat point. It is a castellated
edifice of 1815, and has well -wooded
grounds.

ARMANDAVE, acclivitous mountain, on
west side of Loch Lubnaig, Perthshire.

ARMIT, affluent of Gala water, at 5 miles
north- north - west of Stow, Edinburgh-
shire.

ARNAGE, railway station and seat, 3|-
miles north-north-west of Ellon, Aberdeen-
shire.

ARNAL, rivulet in Barvas parish, Lewis,
Outer Hebrides.

ARNATE, head -stream of the Ardle,
Perthshire.

ARNBARROW, hill in Fordoun parish,
Kincardineshire.

ARNCROACH, hamlet in Carnbee parish,
Fife. It has a post office under Pitten-
weem, a Free church, and a public school.

ARNDEAN, seat, 2 miles east-north-east
of Dollar, Clackmannanshire.

ARNDILLY, seat on the Spey, in Boharm
parish, Banffshire.

ARNGASK, parish in the counties of

Kinross, Fife, and Perth. It contains
Damhead village, with post office under
Kinross. Acres of the Kinross part, 1801 ;
of the Fife part, 1834 ; of the Perth part,
2815. Real property in 1880-81, £1897,
£2379, £2506. Pop. 129, 219, and 199. The
surface includes hills of the Ochils, and is
richly diversified. The church contains
380 sittings, and the public school has
accommodation for 150 scholars.

ARNGIBBON, seat and glen, about 2§
miles east of Bucklyvie, Stirlingshire.

ARNGOMERY, seat near Kippen,
Stirlingshire.

ARNHALL, hamlet in Fettercairn parish,
Kincardineshire.

ARNIFOUL, village in Glammis parish,
Forfarshire.

ARNISDALE, village in Glenelg parish,
Inverness-shire.

ARNISH, point in Loch Stornoway,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides. A lighthouse is
on it, with revolving light, visible at the
distance of 12 nautical miles.

ARNISH, bay on west side of Raasay
Island, Inverness-shire.

ARNISORT, sea -loch and hamlet in
north-west of Skye Island, Inverness-shire.
The sea-loch is a branch of Loch Snizort,
and the hamlet has a post office under
Portree.

ARNISTON, seat of the Dundas family
on the South Esk, 13 miles south-south-
east of Edinburgh.

ARNISTON COLLIERY, village in Cock-
pen parish, Edinburghshire.

ARNPRIOR, village in Perthshire section
of Kippen parish.

ARNSHEEN, quoad sacra parish in
Colmonell parish, Ayrshire. Its post town
is Girvan. Pop. 1059.

ARNTULLY, village and estate, 8 miles
north of Perth.

AROS, village, bay, and ruined old castle,
on east coast of Mull Island, Argyleshire.
The village stands on the bay 9 miles
south-south-east of Tobermory, and has a
post office, with telegraph, under Oban,
and an inn. The bay, though small, is
screened by lofty cliffs, streaked with
cascades. The old castle crowns one of
the cliffs, was a residence of the Lords of
the Isles, and is now a mere lofty fragment.

ARRADOUL, place, with Episcopalian
chapel, in Rathven parish, Banffshire.

ARRAN, island in south of Buteshire.
It lies in the Firth of Clyde, 6| miles
south-west of the nearest part of Bute,
4f miles east of the nearest part of Kin-
tyre, and 10|- west of the nearest part of
Ayrshire. Its length, from north-by-west
to south-by-east, is 20^ miles ; its mean
breadth is about 6|- miles ; and its area is
105,436 acres. Its northern half is chiefly
a mass of rugged mountains, with altitudes
up to 2874 feet, embosoming many deep
ravines and glens. Its southern half is
principally undulated, rolling, and hilly,
with many summits of greater altitude
than 500 feet, and with much diversity of

ARR

21

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intervening vale and plain. Its coast is
mostly a narrow strip of low ground, over-
hung by mountain or hill, and traversed
all round by a good public road. Its
aggregate character exhibits vast diversity,
force, and wealth of landscape, and
possesses more interest for geologists and
naturalists than any other tract of equal
extent in Great Britain. Most of it be-
longs to the Duke of Hamilton. Brodick
Castle, near the middle of the east coast,
is a seat of the duke ; and Lamlash Bay,
about 6 miles south of that seat, is a road-
stead famous for both capacity and safety.
Brodick and Lamlash villages are the
largest seats of population, and draw
many summer visitors. Pop. of the
island, 4745.

ARROCHAR, village and parish in north
of Dumbartonshire. The village stands
on east side, near head of Loch Long, 17£
miles north of Helensburgh ; is a terminus
of steam communication on the Upper
Clyde, and a resort of tourists and summer
visitors ; is engirt by very grand, striking
scenery ; and has a post office, with money
order department, under Dumbarton, an
excellent hotel, an Established church of
1847, a Free church, and a public school
with about 60 scholars. —The parish con-
tains also the village of Tarbet, and is
about 15 miles long. Acres, 25,858. Real
property in 1880-81, £5291. Pop. 517.
The surface extends about 3 miles along
Loch Long, and nearly 14 miles along
Loch Lomond ; is bordered along all the
west by Argyleshire, and all the north by
Perthshire; displays rich, diversified High-
land scenery, and is so full of mountain
and moor as to comprise only about 400
acres of arable land.

ARTARIG, fort on east side, near head
of Loch Striven, Argyleshire.

ARTHURLEE, several localities at and near
Barrhead, Renfrewshire. Cross- Arthurlee
is a suburb, and was the place of the
earliest bieachfield in Scotland. West
Arthurlee is a neighbouring village.
South Arthurlee is noted for the erec-
tion of an extensive printfield in 1835.
Arthurlee estate belonged anciently to a
branch of the noble family of Darnley,
but underwent division among several pro-
prietors, acquired several mansions, and
became a populous seat of manufacturing
industry. Arthurlee House, one of the
mansions, is a handsome modern edifice.
An ancient cross-shaft stands near that
mansion, and was reinstated on its original
site there in 1872.

ARTHUR'S OVEN, famous quondam
Roman antiquity, on a site near Carron
ironworks, Stirlingshire. It was an
edifice in form resembling a bee-hive, and
measured 88 feet in circumference, but
was destroyed in 1743.

ARTHUR'S SEAT, conspicuous hill in
Queen's Park, contiguous to Edinburgh.
It ascends from a base about f mile long ;
culminates in a conical summit 822 feet

above sea-level; presents to the west a
precipitous face, with shoulder and skirt
outlined like a lion couchant, and com-
mands from its summit an exquisite
panoramic view.

ARTHUR'S SEAT, rock on north side
of Dunbarrow Hill, in Dunnichen parish,
Forfarshire.

ARTHUR'S STONE, ancient standing
stone and modern seat in Coupar-Angus
parish, Perthshire.

ARTORNISH, ruined ancient castle on
coast of Morvern parish, Argyleshire. It
was a great stronghold of the Lords of the
Isles, and a meeting-place of their national
councils ; is graphically described as
restored by his imagination in Sir Walter
Scott's Lord of the Isles, and consists now
of little else than remains of a tower and
fragments of outworks.

ASCAI6, lake in Kildonan parish,
Sutherland.

ASCOG, bay, village, lake, and estate on
easb side of Bute Island, Buteshire. The
bay is about LJ miles south-east of Rothe-
say. The village is chiefly a long chain of
villas and ornate cottages, and has a post
office under Rothesay, and a Free church.
The lake lies adjacent, and has an area of
75£ acres. The estate, with mansion, was
sold in 1876 for £39,420.

ASCRIB, island in Duirnish parish,
Skye, Inverness-shire.

ASHARE, section of Edderachyllis par-
ish, Sutherland.

ASHBURN, seat in Innerkip parish,
Renfrewshire.

ASHDALE, rivulet with two cascades,
and glen with grand scenery, in southern
extremity of Arran Island, Buteshire.

ASHDOW, waterfall on west border of
Killearn parish, Stirlingshire.

ASHFIELD, place, with public school, in
North Knapdale parish, Argyleshire.

ASHGROVE. seat and small lake in
Kilwinning parish, Ayrshire.

ASHIESTIEL, seat on the Tweed, 71
miles north-west of Selkirk. It was Sir
Walter Scott's residence, the place where
he wrote a number of his works, during the
ten years prior to his removal to Abbots-
ford.

ASHINTULLY, seat in Kirkmichael
parish, Perthshire.

ASHKIRK, village in Roxburghshire,
and parish partly also in Selkirkshire.
The village stands on Ale river, 6 miles
north -north-west of Hawick, and has a
post office under Hawick, a parochial
church, a Free church, and a public school
with about 100 scholars. The parish
comprises 8339 acres in Roxburghshire,
and 3369 in Selkirkshire. Real property
in 1880-81, £5163 and £2738. Pop. 362
and 138. The surface includes pieces of
level land on the Ale, but is elsewhere all
hilly. There are 2 schools, with accommo-
dation for 174 scholars.

ASHLEY, seat in Batho parish, Edin-
burghshire.

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22

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ASHLEY, lake in Dores parish, Inver-
ness-shire.

ASHTON, southern part of Gourock,
Renfrewshire. It extends south-westward
along the coast, opposite Kirn and Dunoon,
and consists chiefly of villas and neat two-
storey houses, principally on a narrow
belt of low ground, but partly on steep,
overhanging braes.

ASKADIL, headland on north-west of
Ardnamurchan peninsula, Argyleshire.

ASKAIG (PORT). See Port-Askaig.

ASLEISK, ruined old baronial f ortalice, 5
miles east of Forres, Elginshire.

ASSEL, burn, entering Stinchar river,
Ayrshire.

ASSLEED, affluent of the Ythan, between
New Deer and Methlick parishes, Aberdeen-
shire.

ASSYNT, parish in extreme south-west
of Sutherland. It contains Lochinver
village, and has a post office of its own
name under Lairg. Its length is 20 miles, its
greatest breadth 11 miles. Eeal property in
1880-81, £6649. Pop. , quoad civilia, 2776 ;
quoad sacra, 1390. The coast includes all
the peninsula terminating in Store Point,
and goes thence to south side of head of
Kyle-Scow ; and the shore for the most
part is rocky, bold, and dangerous. Old-
ney Island, and numerous islets and in-
sulated rocks, lie adjacent. The interior
is one of the most rugged tracts in Scot-
land, and may be described as mainly an
assemblage of towering mountains, rocky
hills, wild crags, and deep ravines, with
interspersion of lakes and numerous
lakelets and tarns. Quinag, Suilven,
Canisp, and Benmore-Assynt are chief
mountains, and the last has an altitude of
3281 feet. Loch Assynt is the chief lake,
measures 6f miles in length, and about 1
mile in extreme breadth ; has intricate
shores and a winding contour, and is
flanked and overhung by diversified crags
and mountains. Several caves and some
natural arches are on the coast, and some
caves are in the interior. Clachtoll dun,
Ardyrack ruined castle, and Calda ruined
mansion are the chief antiquities. The
churches are 2 Established and 2 Free.
There are 8 schools for 539 scholars, and
4 of them, for 330, are new.

ASTOUNE, old f ortalice in Alford parish,
Aberdeenshire.

ATHELSTANEFORD, village and parish
in north-west of Haddingtonshire. The
village stands 3 miles north-north-east of
Haddington, adjoins the scene of an early
battle between the Scotch and the English,
and has a post office under Drem, a modern
church with about 500 sittings, remains of
a church of the 12th century, and a public
school for 161 scholars. — The parish con-
tains also Drem village, and comprises
5077 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£11,724. Pop. 762. The surface touches
the north base of the Garleton Hills, and
has considerable inequalities. Gilmerton,
the seat of Sir David Kinloch, Bart., is a

chief feature, and a ruined strong man-
sion of the Earls of Winton is a chief
antiquity.

ATHOLE, district in extreme north of
Perthshire. It comprises an area of about
450 square miles ; includes a prominent
portion of the Central Grampians, and an
extensive deer forest ; exhibits features of
alpine height, deep glen, rushing stream,
large lake, and massive wood, eminently
picturesque ; gives the titles of earl, mar-
quis, and duke to a branch of the family
of Murray, and contains the duke's chief
seat, Blair Castle.

AUCHABER, seat in Forgue parish,

AUCHANAULT, place, 22J miles west of
Dingwall, Ross-shire. It has a post office
designated of Ross-shire, and a railway
station.

AUCHANS, seat in Dundonald parish,
Ayrshire.

AUCHENAIRN, village, 3 miles north-by-
east of Glasgow. It has a public school
with about 170 scholars. Pop. 634.

AUCHENBATHIE, ruined ancient castle,
once the property of Sir William Wallace,
4^ miles east-south-east of Lochwinnoch,
Renfrewshire.

AUCHENBLAE, village, 5| miles north-
north-east of Laurencekirk, Kincardine-
shire. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Fordoun, a banking office, a hotel, a town
hall, and a public school.

AUCHENCAIRN, bay, village, and quoad
sacra parish in Kirkcudbrightshire. The
bay opens at 7 miles east of Kirkcudbright ;
is about 2| miles long and 1 mile wide ; has
Heston Isle across its mouth, causing it to
look like a lake ; and possesses both harbour
for small craft and shelter for vessels of bur-
den.— The village stands at the bay's head,
is a sea-bathing resort, and has beautiful
environs, a post office, with monej^ order
department, under Castle-Douglas, 2 inns,
Established and Free churches, and mixed
and infant public schools, with about 173
and 157 scholars. Pop. 441. — The quoad
sacra parish is part of Rerrick, and was
constituted prior to 1870. Pop. 1037.

AUCHENCRUIVE, seat and railway
station in St. Quivox parish, near
Ayr.

AUCHENDAVY, hamlet on site of a fort
of Antoninus' Wall, 2 miles east of Kirk-
intilloch, Dumbartonshire.

AUCHENDRANE, seat of Sir Peter Coats,
and quondam castle, the scene of Sir
Walter Scott's Ayrshire Tragedy, on left
bank of the Doon, near the Ayr and
Girvan Railway, Ayrshire.

AUCHENDRYNE, suburb of Castleton-
Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Pop. 269.

AUCHENGEAN, hamlet in Falkirk
parish, Stirlingshire. It has a public
school with about 84 scholars.

AUCHENGELLOCH, wild tract, notable
for conventicles of the Covenanters, in
Avondale parish, Lanarkshire.

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23

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AUCHENGOOL, estate inRerrick parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

AUCHENGRAY, place, 5f miles north of
Carstairs Junction, Lanarkshire. It has
a post office under Lanark, arid a railwaj'
station.

AUCHENHEATH, village, miles south
of Larkhall, Lanarkshire. It has a railway
station, and a public school with about
152 scholars. Pop. 612.

AUCHENLOCH, small village in Cadder
parish, Lanarkshire.

AUCHENREOCH, seat in Strickathrow
parish, Forfarshire.

AUCHENREOCH, lake in Urr parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

AUCHENROATH, seat near Rothes
village, Elginshire.

AUCHENSAUGH, hill, 2^ miles south of
Douglas, Lanarkshire. It was the scene
of a notable swearing of Solemn League
and Covenant by a body of Cameronians.

AUCHENTORLIE, seat, near Paisley,
Renfrewshire.

AUCHENTORLIE, seat and vestiges of
ancient hill-fort, in Old Kilpatrick parish,
Dumbartonshire.

AUCHERNACH, seat in Strathdon
parish, Aberdeenshire.

AUCHINBLAE. See Auchenblae.

AUCHINCASS, ruined ancient castle on
Evan river, near Beattock, Dumfries-
shire.

AUCHINCHEW, cliff-walled amphi-
theatre, vale, and cascades, on south coast
of Arran Island, Buteshire.

AUCHINCLOACH, burn, and lands with
traditions of the battle of 1645, in Kilsyth
parish, Stirlingshire.

AUCHINCLOICH, hamlet in Ochiltree
parish, Ayrshire. It has a post office
under Kilmarnock.

AUCHINCRAW, village, 3 miles north-
north-west of Chirnside, Berwickshire.
It has a post office under Ayton.

AUCHINDACHY, railway station, 3£
miles south-west of Keith, Banffshire.

AUCHINDINNY, village on the North
Esk, with railway station, 8 miles by road,
but 12 by railway, south of Edinburgh.
Pop. 405.

AUCHINDOIR, parish, averagely 7 miles
nurth-west of Alford, Aberdeenshire. It
contains Lumsden village, with post office
under Aberdeen, and it measures about 7
miles in both length and breadth. Acres,
15,310. Real property in 1880-81, £6405.
Pop. 1514. The surface includes part of
Buck of Cabrach Mountain ; comprises
hill-ridges of very various height, and
intervening vales of very various width ;
and is traversed by Bogie river. The seats
are Clova, Craig, and Druminnor; and
the chief antiquity is the ruin of an
ancient church with Saxon doorway. The
churches are Established, 2 Free, United
Presbyterian, and Episcopalian, and there
are 2 public schools for 200 scholars.

AUCHINDUNE, ruined old castle in
Mortlach parish, Banffshire.

AUCHINFLOWER, place, with public
school, in Ballantrae parish, Ayrshire.

AU CHINGR AMONT, suburb of Hamil-
ton, Lanarkshire. It has a United Presby-
terian church.

AU CHINH ALRIG, village in Bellie parish,
Banffshire.

AUCHINLECK,— vulgarly AFFLECK,—
town and parish in east of Kyle district,
Ayrshire. The town stands on Lugar
water, 13f miles south-south-east of Kil-
marnock, and has a post office, with money
order department, under Cumnock ; a rail-
way station, a parochial church, a United
Original Secession church, and a public
school with about 303 scholars. Pop. 1528.
— The parish contains also the villages of
Common - Dyke, Cronberry, and Dern-
conner, most of the town of Lugar, and
small part of the town of Cumnock. Its
length is 16 miles, its mean breadth not
more than 2. Acres, 24,129. Real
property in 1880-81, £31,330. Pop. 6681.
The eastern section is hilly and wild, and
includes some lofty summits ; the western
section, low, fertile, and embellished ; and
the middle section is of medium character.
About one-third of the entire area is in
tillage. Auchinleck House, 3 miles west
of the town, was erected by the judge
Lord Auchinleck, father of the biographer
of Dr. Johnson. A ruined baronial
fortalice, the residence of the early Bos-
wells from the time of James IV., stands
in that mansion's neighbourhood, and
remains of another old fortalice are in the
eastern district. There are 6 schools for
1248 scholars, and 1 of them and an
enlargement for 250 are new.

AUCHINLECK, lofty hill, 4 miles west of
Queensberry, Dumfriesshire.

AUCHINLILLY, cascade on the Carron,
west of Denny, Stirlingshire.

AUCHINLOCHAN, village in Kilfinan
parish, Argyleshire. Pop. 340.

AUCHINMULLY, village in east side of
Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

AU CHINR AITH, village in Blantyre
parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 687.

AUCHINSTARRY, seat in Kilsyth
parish, Stirlingshire.

AUCHINSTARRY, village in Cumber-
nauld parish, Dumbartonshire. Pop. 626.

AU CHINTIBBER, village in Blantyre
parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 435.

AUCHINTOUL, seat in Marnock parish,
Banffshire.

AUCHIRIES, hamlet in Cruden parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a public school
with about 167 scholars.

AUCHLEE, estate, with two well-pre-
served ancient Caledonian stone circles, in
Banchoi-y-Devenick parish, Kincardine-
shire.

AUCHLEEKS, hamlet and seat in Blair -
Athole parish, Perthshire. The hamlet
has a post office under Blair- Athole.

AUCHLEVEN, village in Premnay
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Insch.

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24

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AUCHLOCHAN, seat near Lesmahagow,
Lanarkshire.

AUCHLOSSEN, lake in Lumphanan and
Aboyne parishes, Aberdeenshire.

AUCHLUNIES, seat in Maryculter parish,
Kincardineshire.

AUCHLUNKART, seat in Boharm parish,
Banffshire.

AUCHMEDDEN, estate, with public
school, and with reach of bold coast, in
Aberdour parish, Aberdeenshire.

AUCHMILL, town, with large quarries
of fine granite, 3 miles north-west of
Aberdeen. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Aberdeen. Pop. 1319.

AUCHMILLAN, village, 2 miles north of
Mauchline, Ayrshire.

AUCHMITHIE, fishing village, Z\ miles
north-east of Arbroath, Forfarshire. It has
a post office under Arbroath, a chapel-of-
ease, and an ingenious water supply pro-
vided in 1880. A range of bold cliffs pierced
with caves is contiguous, and figures as
the scene of the escape of Sir Arthur and
Miss "Wardour in Sir Walter Scott's
Antiquary. A large quantity of old coins
and metal tokens was discovered in the
neighbouring beach in 1877. Pop. of the
village, 359.

AUCHMORE, a seat of the Earl of
Breadalbane, at the head of Loch Tay,
Perthshire.

AUCHMORE, place, with public school,
in Lochalsh parish, Ross-shire.

AUCHMUTY, hamlet in Markinch parish,
Fife.

AUCHNACARRY. See Achnacaeey.

AUCHNACRAIG. See Achnaceaig.

AUCHNAGATT, place, 7J miles north
of Ellon, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Ellon, and a railway station.

AUCHNASHEEN, place, 28f miles west
of Dingwall, Ross-shire. It has a post
office, designated Auchnasheen, Ross-shire ;
a railway station, and a hotel.

AUCHNASHELLACH, place, 1SJ miles
south-west of Auchnasheen, Ross-shire.
It has a post office under Lochcarron, and
a railway station.

AUCHRY, seat in Monquhitter parish,
Aberdeenshire.

AUCHTERARDER, town and parish in
south-east of Perthshire. The town stands
about a mile from a railway station of its
own name, 14 miles south-west of Perth ;
dates from ancient times, and was once a
royal burgh ; passed through long declension
and much disaster, but eventually became
a prosperous seat of manufacture ; figured
in the first and not the least of the church
conflicts which led to the Disruption of
1843 ; comprises a main street upwards of
a mile long, and has a head post office
with all departments, 2 banking offices,
2 hotels, a towered town-hall of 1872,
Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
and Evangelical Union churches, and 2
public schools. Pop. 2666. — The parish
contains also Aberuthven, Smith yhaugh,

and Borland-Park villages, and mea-
sures nearly 8 miles in length and about 3
miles in breadth. Acres, 11,181. Real
property in 1880-81, £19,452. Pop. 3648.
The northern section undulates or de-
clines to the river Earn, and is nearly all
arable ; and the southern section rises
toward the summit line of the Ochil Hills.
Chief seats are Auchterarder Castle and
Auchterarder House ; and a chief antiquity
is the fragment of a strong castle of
Malcolm Canmore. There are 5 schools for
671 scholars, and2of them,for 360,are new.

AUCHTERDERRAN, parish, containing
most of Lochgelly town, and part of
Cardenden village, in south-west of Fife.
It measures about 5 miles by 3, and com-
prises 7818 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £19,295. Pop., quoad civilia,
4332; quoad sacra, 1747. The surface is
beautified by Lochgelly Lake, and about
500 acres of wood, and includes variously
flat ground, valley, and hill. The churches
are Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian. There are 3 public schools for
1067 scholars, and 1 of them and an
enlargement for 510 are new.

AUCHTERGAVEN,— vulgarly OCHTER-
GAEN, — village and parish in Strathtay
district, Perthshire. The village stands
about 3 miles north-west of Stanley rail-
way station, and 9 north-north-west of
Perth, and is a straggling place. The
parish contains also the post office village
of Bankfoot, the villages of Cairniehill
and Waterloo, and most of the post office
village of Stanley. Its length is 10 miles ;
its mean breadth is about 3 miles; and
its area is 12,941 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £15,048. Pop. 2195. The surface
rises from the Tay, up Strathardie, to the
summit of a low range of the Grampians,
and consists chiefly of swelling knolls and
sloping ridges. The seats are Stanley
House, Airleywight, and Tullybelton. The
poet Nicol was a native, and sang the
beauties of the landscape in his ' Bonnie
Ordie Braes.' The churches are the
parochial, with nearly 1200 sittings, 2
Free, and a United Presbyterian. There are
2 public schools for 550 scholars, and 1 of
them and an enlargement for 450 are new.

AUCHTERHOUSE, village and parish on
south-west border of Forfarshire. The
village stands 7 miles by road, but much
farther by railway, north-west of Dundee,
and has a post office, with telegraph, under
Dundee, and a railway station. The parish
measures about 4£ by 3| miles, and com-
prises 5708 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £10,366. Pop. 661. The sur-
face rises from the narrow vale of Dighty
water, northward to summits of the Sidlaw
Hills, is diversified by undulating heights,
and becomes steep and precipitous in the
north. The chief residences are Auchter-
house and Balbouchly, the former an old
seat of the Earl of Airlie ; and the chief
antiquity is the fragment of a strong
baronial fortalice, said to have been visited

AUC

25

AUL

by Sir William Wallace. There are 2
public schools, male and female, with
about 77 and 53 scholars.

AUCHTERLESS, hamlet and parish on
north-west border of Aberdeenshire. The
hamlet lies 6 miles south-by-west of Turriff,
and has a post office, with telegraph, under
Turriff, and a railway station. The parish
contains also the village of Gordonstown,
and is about 8 miles long. Acres, 16,826.
Keal property in 1879-80, £14,772. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 2144; quoad sacra, 1948.
The surface comprises the upper part of
the Ythan's basin, all north-eastward from
a line within about a mile from that
river's source. Chief antiquities are traces
of a Eoman camp, and remains of numerous
ancient Caledonian stone circles. The
churches are Established and Free. There
are 4 schools, with accommodation for 365

SCA°UCHTERMAIRNIE, seat in Kennoway
parish, Fife.

AUCHTERMUCHTY, town and parish
on north-west border of Fife. The town
stands adjacent to the Kinross and Perth
Railway, 4f miles west of Ladybank
Junction ; dates from ancient times, and
was once a royal burgh ; figures in the
humorous poem ascribed to James v., and
entitled, ' The Wife of Auchtermuchty ; '
comprises streets and lanes of irregular
construction ; has a head post office with
all departments, a railway station, 2 bank-
ing offices, 2 chief inns, a public hall, an
Established church,, a Free church, 2
United Presbyterian churches, and 2
public schools. Pop. 1673. — The parish
contains also most of Dunshelt village.
Acres, 3530. Real property in 1880-81,
£8498. Pop. 4332. The limits include a
portion of the rich strath of the Eden, and
a portion of the Ochil Hills. The seats
areMyres Castle, Bellevue, and Southfield.
There are 5 schools for 498 scholars, and
1 of them, for 70, is new.

AUCHTERNEED, small village at head
of Strathpeffer, and skirt of Benwyvis,
Ross-shire.

AUCHTERTOOL, village and parish in
south-west of Fife. The village stands 2f
miles east of Cowdenbeath railway station,
and 4| west of Kirkcaldy, and has a post
office under Kirkcaldy. Pop., with New-
bigging, about 240. — The parish comprises
2738 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£7789. Pop. 706. The Cullalo Hills,
with very steep acclivity, are in the west ;
and a deep, narrow ravine, with cascade,
is in the east. Other chief features are
Camilla Loch, and ruined Hallyards House.
There are 2 schools for 169 scholars.

AUCHTERTYRE, village in Newtyle
parish, Forfarshire.

AUCHTON, hamlet in Balquhidder
parish, Perthshire.

AUCHTYFARDLE, seat near Lesmaha-
gow, Lanarkshire.

AUCHVISH, place, with public school,
in South Knapdale parish, Argyleshire.

AUGMUND'S HOW, ruined ancient fort
on Elsness promontory, Sanday Island,
Orkney.

AUGUSTUS(FORT). See Fort-Augustus.

AULDBAR, railway station, and modern-
ized ancient castle, 5 miles east-north-east
of Forfar.

AULD DAVIE, head-stream of the Ythan,
Aberdeenshire.

AULDEARN, village and parish in north-
east of Nairnshire. The village stands
2£ miles south-east of Nairn, dates from
remote times, and has a post office under
Nairn. Pop. 363. — The parish measures
about 7 miles by 5, and comprises 14,035
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £10,082.
Pop. 1292. The surface skirts the Moray
Firth, is low, yet diversified for 3 miles
thence, and rises afterwards into con-
siderable hills. The battle of 1645,
between the Marquis of Montrose and
General Hurry, was fought in the vicinity
of the village. The seats are Boath and
Lethen ; and the chief antiquities are the
old fortalice of Inshoch Castle, vestiges of
Moyness Castle, and remains of 2 ancient
Caledonian stone circles. The churches
are Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian ; and the public schools are 2, with
about 123 scholars.

AULDFIELD. See POLLOCKSHAWS.

AULDGIRTH, place on the Nith, near
Glasgow and South-Western Railway, 8
miles north-north-west of Dumfries. It
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Dumfries,
a railway station, an inn, and a
bridge.

AULDHOUSE, burn, entering the White
Cart at Pollockshaws, Renfrewshire.

AULDNACHUIRN, burn, entering the
Lossie in Dallas parish, Elginshire.

AULDWICK, dismantled ancient baro-
nial stronghold, on coast of Wick parish,
Caithness.

AULD WIFE'S LIFT, cromlech, 18 feet
long and 11 feet broad, in Baldernock
parish, Stirlingshire.

AULTDINNY, burn in Aboyne parish,
Aberdeenshire.

AULTGRANDE, small river, entering
Cromarty Firth about 10 miles north-east
of Dingwall, Ross-shire. It issues from
Loch Glass, runs about 7 miles north-east-
ward, traverses a profound long chasm,
and makes a series of cascades.

AULTGUISH, rivulet, traversing moun-
tain forest of Rinsky, to north-west side
of Loch Ness, nearly opposite the Falls
of Foyers, Inverness-shire. It makes one
leap of at least 100 feet, and is elsewhere
a continuous cataract.

AULTKOLLIE, deep tortuous ravine in
Loth parish, Sutherland.

AULTNACAILLICH, birth-place of the
famous Gaelic poet Donn, in Durness
parish, Sutherland.

AULTNAHARRA. See Altnaharea.

AULTNANCOORACH, affluent of the
Aultgrande, Ross-shire.

AUL

26

AWE

AULTROY, burn in Aboyne parish,
Aberdeenshire.

AULTSIGH, rivulet, issuing from tarn
on a shoulder of Mealfourvounie Mountain,
and descending in cataracts and leaps to
north-west side of Loch Ness, Inverness-
shire.

AUQUHIRIE, seat in Dunnottar parish,
Kincardineshire.

AUSDALE, hamlet, 4 miles south-west
of Berriedale, Caithness ; and rivulet
passing that hamlet and leaping into the
sea over a lofty cliff.

AUSKERRY, small island, 2| miles south
of Stronsay, Orkney. A lighthouse is on
it, with fixed light visible at the distance
of 16 nautical miles. Pop. 8.

AVEN, lake and river in south-west
extremity of Banffshire. The lake has an
elevation of about 1800 feet above sea-level,
and is immediately overhung by Cairngorm
Mountains. The river issues from the
lake, traverses for some distance an alpine
glen, and runs altogether about 30 miles,
chiefly northward, to the Spey at Ballin-
dalloch.

AVICH, lake and stream in Dalavich
old parish, Argyleshire. The lake com-
mences 4 miles east of head of Loch
Melfort ; measures about 3| miles in
length and 7 furlongs in width; has fine
ornature of outline, banks, and islets ; and
is associated with 2 notable old Celtic
poems. The stream issues from the lake,
and runs about 2 miles to Loch Awe.

AVIEMORE, place, adjacent to Highland
Railway, llf miles north-east of Kingussie,
Inverness-shire. It has a station on the
railway, and a post office designated of
Inverness-shire, with money order and
telegraph departments.

AVOCH, fishing town and parish in
Ardmeanach district, Ross-shire. The
town stands on a small bay of its own
name, If mile south-west of Fortrose,
and has pleasant environs, a post office,
with money order department, under
Inverness, an inn, a good pier, Established,
Free, and Congregational churches, and
a public school with about 105 scholars.
Pop. 905.— The parish is about 4 miles
long and 2| miles broad. Real property
in 1880-81, £7395. Pop. 1691. The
surface is partly a gentle slope, partly a
diversity of hill and dale, partly a portion of
the Mullbuy. The seats are Avoch House
and Rosehaugh ; and the antiquities are
the ruined fortalice of Arkendeith, and
the site of Avoch Castle, which belonged
to successively the Earls of Ross and
the Crown. There are 3 schools for 382
scholars, and 1 of them, for 160, is new.

AVOCHY, seat near Huntly, Aberdeen-
shire.

AVON, river, running about 18 miles
eastward and north-eastward, partly be-
tween Stirlingshire and Linlithgowshire,
to Firth of Forth, at 2^ miles west of
Borrowstounness.

AVON, river, running about 16 miles

north-eastward and 5^ north-westward to
the Clyde, in vicinity of Hamilton, Lanark-
shire. It traverses first a moorish tract,
next a beautiful diversified lowland tract,
next a richly romantic dell.
AVONBANK, seat near Larkhall, Lan-

AVONBRIDGE, village on the Avon, 3£
miles west - south - west of Slamannan,
Stirlingshire. It has a railway station
and a United Presbyterian church.

AVONDALE, parish, containing Strath-
aven town, on west border of Lanarkshire.
Its length is about 14 miles, its breadth
about 8 miles, its area 37,533 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £39,948. Pop., quoad
civilia, 5466 ; quoad sacra, 3216. The
area is pretty equally bisected by the
Avon, and the lands comprise flat tracts
on that river, rising grounds from both
sides of these flats, and moorish eminences
and mosses in the west. Several mansions
are near Strathavon, and the ruined famous
castle of Avondale is in it. There are

2 Established churches, a Free church,

3 United Presbyterian churches, and 6
schools for 855 scholars.

AVONDHU, head- stream of the river
Forth.

AVONHEAD, village in New Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire. It has a public
school, with about 130 scholars. Pop. 435.

AVONHOLM, seat in Glassforcl parish,
Lanarkshire.

AVONSUIDH, a seat of the Earl of Dun-
more, in Harris, Outer Hebrides.

AVONTON, seat near Linlithgow.

AWE, small lake, 3 miles south of head
of Loch Assynt, Sutherland. It lies
among massive mountains, and contains
wooded islets.

AWE, lake, river, and pass in central
part of mainland of Argyleshire. The
lake extends 24 miles north-north-east-
ward to base of Bencruachan, has a mean
breadth of not more than a mile, but ex-
pands towards the foot to a mean breadth
of about 2 miles ; forms there 2 off-
sets or horns, the one receiving the river
Orchy, the other discharging the river
Awe ; exhibits great variety of scenery,
passing from plainness at the head to gor-
geous grandeur at the foot ; looks, in its
broadest parts, to be remarkably small, as
compared with the magnitude and loftiness
of the mountains overhanging it ; has
everywhere, but especially toward the
foot, much intricacy and ornature of shore
line ; possesses much diversity and wealth
of trout-fishing, all open to the public ;
began, in the summer of 1876, to be tra-
versed by a screw-steamer, in communica-
tion with public conveyances to its shores ;
is now crossed near its foot by the Callan-
der and Oban Railway, sweeping round to
the gorge of Awe river; and has at its
foot a railway station, a steamboat pier,
and a new hotel. — The river leaves the
lake in calm current, enters a narrow,
deep, stupendous gorge, traverses there a

AYL

27

AYR

wildly broken, rocky bottom, and goes 4
miles north-westward, mostly in tumultu-
ous rush, to Loch Etive at Buna we. — The
pass occurs in the river's gorge ; is flanked
at one part by a precipice 1308 feet high ;
was formerly traversable there only by an
almost mural ascent, commanded at the
top by a fortalice, but is now facilitated
by a bridge ; and was the scene of an
exploit by Sir William "Wallace, and a
skirmish between King Eobert Bruce and
Macdougal of Lorn.

AYLORT, sea-loch, between Moydart
and Arasaig districts, Inverness-shire. _ It
is 4 miles wide at the mouth, divides
into 2 parts, Loch Aylort proper on the
south, Loch-na-Nua on the north, and has
a total length from west to east of 9
miles.

AYR, river, bay, and headlands in Ayr-
shire. The river rises on the eastern
border of the widest part of the county ;
traverses, first, bleak moors and hill pas-
tures, next, an ornate plain, next, a low
narrow dell ; is subject to such freshets as
make it, in Burns' phrase, 'just one long
lengthened tumbling sea ; ' and runs alto-
gether about 33 miles westward to Ayr
bay at Ayr town. — The bay is a lateral
expansion of the Firth of Clyde ; has a
land-line in nearly the form of a segment
of a circle, with prevailingly low shores ;
and measures 20 miles oouth-south-east-
ward from Fairlie Head to Ayr Heads,
and nearly 7 miles in mean breadth. — The
headland, or Ayr Heads, are rocky, pre-
cipitous projections from the skirt of
Brown Carrick Hill, and have a height of
about 200 feet.

AYR, town and parish on coast of Ayr-
shire. The town stands at mouth of Ayr
river, and is bisected by it into nearly
equal parts; comprises, on the left side,
Ayr proper, on the right side, Newton-
upon-Ayr, Wallacetown, and Content ;
forms, nevertheless, one strictly compact
town ; commands charming views around
the bay and across to Arran ; ranks as a
royal and parliamentary burgh, a seat of
county and judiciary courts, and a head
port ; consists partly of handsome square
and streets, partly of neat but plain
thoroughfares, partly of poor or antiquated
quarters ; includes a new suburb, com-
pleted to the extent of about 60 cottages
in May 1880 ; carries on a variety and
large aggregate of manufacture and com-
merce ; publishes 3 newspapers ; and has
a head post office with all departments,
2 railway stations, 7 banking offices, 5
hotels, several ornamental public build-
ings, 3 Established churches, 4 Free
churches, 2 United Presbyterian churches,
Original Secession, Congregational, Evan-
gelical Union, Episcopalian, Methodist,
Moravian, and Roman Catholic churches,
and a number of educational and miscel-
laneous institutions. The Town Buildings
and Assembly Booms, at corner of High
Street and Sandgate, are an elegant edifice,

with tower and spire 226 feet high. The
Municipal Court-rooms and Public Hall,
contiguous to those buildings, were com-
pleted in September 1881, at a cost of
about £30,000 ; and the hall in them has
accommodation for about 1500 persons.
The County Buildings, in Wellington
Square, are on the model of an ancient
temple in Rome, and cost upwards of
£30,000. Wallace Tower, in High Street,
is a Gothic structure of 1830, with a statue
of Wallace in its front, and with the

1 dungeon clock ' removed to it from an
old demolished steeple. The ' Twa Brigs '
of Burns' dialogue stand within 500 yards
of each other ; and the new one showed
signs of giving way in January 1877, and
was replaced by a five-arched structure, at
a cost of £16,300. One of the Established
churches is a cruciform edifice of the 17th
century, and was erected in lieu of a very
ancient one which Cromwell environed
with a large fort, and converted into an
armoury. The new Academy was opened
in September 1880, cost about £8000, and
has accommodation for about 550 scholars.

2 new public schools were erected in
1875, at a cost of £8672, and have accom-
modation for 1000 scholars ; and a new
industrial school was erected in 1876, at a
cost of £5500. A new hospital, measuring
240 by 120 feet, was founded in 1881.
The harbour was formerly shallow and
inconvenient, but underwent great im-
provement and extension in 1874-78, at a
cost of about £200,000. A new dock was
then formed, measuring 650 feet by 400,
comprising 7i acres of water area, rising
in its quay walls 33 feet from foundation
to coping, and having a water depth on
the sill of 22 feet at high water of spring-
tides. Three hydraulic hoists also were
then erected, at a further cost of £9700.
A new slip dock and a fine esplanade were
contracted for in May 1880, to cost £13,036.
The shipping in the year 1879 comprised
2392 British vessels, of 251,303 tons, and
16 foreign vessels, of 4665 tons, inward ;
and 2367 British vessels, of 236,858 tons,
and 15 foreign vessels, of 4480 tons, out-
ward. The parliamentary burgh unites
with Irvine, Campbelton, Inverary, and
Oban in sending a member to Parliament.
Real property in 1880-81, £94,078. Pop.
20,987.

The parish includes the royal burgh,
extends from the xiver Ayr to the river
Doon, and measures about 5| miles by 4.
Acres, 6935. Real property of landward
part in 1880-81, £17,204. Pop. of the
whole, quoad civilia, 10,086 ; quoad sacra,
9582. The western section is low, flat, and
fertile ; but the eastern section rises
gradually to the boundary, and is com-
paratively unproductive. The chief seats
are Castlehill, Rozelle, Newark, Cambus-
doon, Doonholm, Bellisle, and Mount
Charles. The parochial charge is double ;
and there is a church at Alloway. The
burgh has 17 schools, with accom-

AYE

28

BAC

modation for about 4226 scholars, and
Alloway has 1 with accommodation for
148.

AYR ROAD, railway station, 1^ miles
south-east of Larkhall, Lanarkshire.

AYRSHIRE, maritime county on east
side of Firth of Clyde, bounded inland by
Renfrewshire, Lanarkshire, Dumfriesshire,
Kirkcudbrightshire, and Wigtonshire. Its
length, from north to south, is 60 miles ;
its breadth varies from a few miles to 30 ;
and its area is 1149 square miles. Its form
is proximately that of a half-moon, with
the concavity to the west, but curved much
more in the north than in the south. Its
natural features and popular nomenclature
divide it into Cunningham, north of the
river Irvine ; Kyle, between the river Irvine
and the river Doon ; and Carrick, south of
the river Doon. Custom also sub-divides
Kyle, by the river Ayr, into Kyle Stewart
and King's Kyle. Cunningham and Kyle
are mostly low country, with low coast,
but have interior diversities and a hilly
border ; and Carrick, though containing
considerable aggregate of arable land, is
largely occupied by the western end of the
Southern Highlands, and consists mostly
of a broken assemblage of hill, moor, and
mountain. A large proportion of the
entire county, together with the flanking
reaches of Firth of Clyde and the mountains
on the western horizon, forms one con-
tinuous landscape, as seen from thousands
of vantage-grounds within its own limits.
The chief rivers, besides the Irvine, the
Ayr, and the Doon, are the Garnock, the
Girvan, and the Stinchar; and the chief
lake is Doon. Sandstone, limestone, coal,
and ironstone abound, and are extensively
worked. The soils range from rich loam
to barren moor, or from best to worst, but
may be characterized as sandy on the coast,
clayey in the interior low tracts, and
heathy or mossy on the uplands. Agri-
culture in all departments, but specially
in the dairy husbandry, is skilful and
flourishing. Principal industries are iron-
working, engine - making, coal - mining,
woollen manufacture, cotton manufacture,
and pottery work. The chief towns are Ayr
and Kilmarnock ; the other towns, with each
more than 3000 inhabitants, are Ardrossan,
Beith, Dairy, Galston, Girvan, Hurl-
ford, Irvine, Kilbirnie, Kilwinning, May-
bole, Saltcoats, Stevenston, and Stewar-
ton ; the others, with each more than 2000
inhabitants, are Catrine, Cumnock, Largs,
Muirkirk, Newmilns, and Troon ; the
others, with each more than 1000 inhabi-
tants, are Annbank, Auchinleck, Bank-
head, Burnfoothill, Dalmellington, Darvel,
Eglinton, Kilmaurs, Lugar, Mauchline,
"Waterside, and West Kilbride ; and the
villages, with each more than 300 in-
habitants, amount to 48. Ayrshire
belonged anciently to the Damnii and the
Novantes ; passed to successively the
Romans, the Cambrians, and the North-
umbrians ; was the scene of many of

"Wallace's and Bruce's conflicts with the
English ; and figured prominently in the
sufferings and struggles of the Covenanters.
It contains many monuments of all times,
from the Caledonian downward, and is
noted for the abbey ruins of Kilwinning
and Crossraguel. It is now divided ad-
ministratively into the districts of Ayr
and Kilmarnock, and representatively into
the divisions of north and south, each
division sending a member to Parliament.
Real property in 1880-81, £1,085,710. Pop.
in 1871, 200,809 ; in 1881, 217,504.

AYTON, village and parish on coast of
Berwickshire. The village stands on Eye
water, 21 miles south-east of Dunbar, and
has a head post office with all departments,
a railway station, 2 banking offices,
3 inns, a fine parochial church of
1865, 2 United Presbyterian churches,
and 2 public schools with about 233
scholars. Pop. 771. — The parish con-
tains also part of Burnmouth vil-
lage, and small part of Eyemouth town,
and measures about 4^ miles by 3^.
Acres, 6699. Real property in 1880-81,
£15,897. _ Pop. 2040. The coast is rocky
and precipitous ; the southern part of the
interior is hilly, and the northern part is
undulating. The seats are Ayton Castle,
Gunsgreen, Netherbyres, Prenderguest,
Peelwalls, and Whiterig ; and the first of
them stands near the village, was rebuilt
in 1851, and occupies the site of an ancient
fortalice which figured in the Border war-
fare. A public school is at Burnmouth.

BA, island in Applecross parish, Ross-
shire.

BA, lake and rivulet in Torosay parish,
Mull Island, Argyleshire.

BA, hill in Drumblade parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

BAADS, estate in West Calder parish,
Edinburghshire.

BAADS, battlefield in 960, between the
Scots and the Danes, near Cullen, Banff-
shire.

BABERTNESS, headland, 6 miles east-
by-south of St. Andrews, Fife.

BABERTON, seat in Currie parish, Edin-
burghshire. It is said to have belonged to
James VI., and it was occupied for some
time by Charles x. of France.

BABYLON, quondam Owenite establish-
ment, near Bellshill, Lanarkshire. It cost
about £48,000, and went to utter ruin.

BACHBEG and BACHMORE, two of the
Treshinish isles, near north-west coast of
Mull, Argyleshire.

BACK, village in Stornoway parish, Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. It has a post office under
Stornoway, and a Free church. Pop. 582.

BACKBURN, place, with public school, in
Beith parish, Ayrshire.

BACKIES, village and ruined Pictish
tower in Golspie parish, Sutherland. The
village has a public school, with about 64
scholars.

BAC

2'

"J

BAL

BACKIES, hunting-lodge in Glenbucket
parish, Aberdeenshire.

BACKLESS, hill in Watten parish, Caith-
ness.

BACKMUIR, village in Liff parish, south-
west border of Forfarshire.

BACKMUIR, village in Largo parish,
Fife.

BACKWATER, hamlet, and affluent of
the Isla, in Lintrathen parish, Forfarshire.
The hamlet has a public school.

BADCALL, rivulet, bay, and hamlet,
in Edderachyllis parish, Sutherland. The
rivulet receives the outflow of a chain of
small trouting lakes, and runs 6 miles
westward to the bay ; the bay extends
about 1^ mile to the sea, and is sheltered
at its mouth by a group of islets ; and the
hamlet lies at the bay's head, and has the
parochial church, and a public school with
about 69 scholars.

BADDAGYIE, lake in Coigach district,
Cromartyshire.

BADEN, lake in upper part of Kildonan
parish, Sutherland.

BADENOCH, district in south-east of
Inverness-shire. It comprises the basin of
the Spey, from the sources of that river to
vicinity of Upper Craigellachie ; measures
about 35 miles in length and 28 miles in
breadth ; is bounded on one side by sum-
mits of the Central Gi-ampians, on the other
side by the summits of the Monadhleadh
Mountains ; and, excepting tracts adjacent
to the river, exhibits everywhere a wildly
Highland character. It belonged anciently
to the Comyns, and passed, in the time of
Robert n., to the ' Wolf of Badenoch,' the
Earl of Buchan.

BADENSCOTH, village in Auchterless
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a post office
under Aberdeen, a banking office, and 2
public schools, male and female, with
about 79 and 76 scholars.

BADENTOY, place, with public school, in
Banchory-Devenick parish, Kincardine-
shire.

BADENYON, quondam old castle, cele-
brated in the song of ' John o' Badeny on, '
in Glenbucket parish, Aberdeenshire.

BAH. See Ba.

BAHIA, sea-loch in north-east of Barra
Island, Outer Hebrides.

BAIDLAND, hill in Dairy parish, Ayr-
shire.

BAIKIE, quondam noble castle in Airlie
parish, Forfarshire.

BAILEUR, place on south-east side, near
mouth of Loch Killisport, Argyleshire.

BAILLIESTON, town and quoad sacra
parish in the north of Lanarkshire. The
town stands 6f miles east of Glasgow, and
has a post office under Glasgow, a railway
station, and Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, and Episcopalian churches.
Pop. 2927. The quoad sacra parish bears
the alternative name of Crosshill. Pop.
3477.

BAINSFORD, suburb of Falkirk, Stirling-
shire. It stands on the Forth and Clyde

canal, about a mile north of Falkirk
proper ; connects, in street continuity,
with Grahamstown ; and has a Free
church of 1880, and industrial connection
with Carron ironworks.

BALADO, railway station, 3 miles east of
Crook of Devon, Kinross-shire.

BALAKLAVA, village a little west of
Johnstone, Renfrewshire. It was founded
in 1856 in connection with ironstone mines.

BALALLAN, village in Lochs parish,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 535.

BALAS, seat in Cupar parish, Fife.

BALBARDIE, seat and lake near Bath-
gate, Linlithgowshire.

BALBEGGIE, village, miles north-east
of Perth. It has a post office under Perth,
a United Presbyterian church, and a public
school with about 51 scholars.

BALBEGNO, castle of 1509, near Fetter-
cairn, Kincardineshire.

BALBEUCHLY, estate in Auchterhouse
parish, Forfarshire.

BALBIRNIE, village and seat near Mark-
inch, Fife. The village is called Balbirnie
Mills.

BALBIRNIE, village in Ruthven parish,
Forfarshire.

BALBITHAN, old seat inKeithhall parish,
Aberdeenshire. It figures in the history
of the Marquis of Montrose, and in that of
the fugitives from Culloden field.

BALBLAIR, place in Kilmorack parish,
Inverness-shire. It has a public school with
about 105 scholars.

BALBLAIR, place in Fodderty parish,
Ross-shire.

BALBLAIR, lofty terrace, about a mile
west of Nairn. It was the camping-place
of the royal army on the eve of the battle
of Culloden.

BALBROGIE, village in Coupar-Angus
parish, Perthshire.

BALBUNNOCK, village in Longf organ
parish, Perthshire.

BALCARRES, seat of Sir Coutts T.
Lindsay, Bart., in Kilconquhar parish,
Fife. It is a renovated Tudor edifice, and
it belonged to the ancestors of the Earl of
Crawford, and gives him the titles of
baron and earl.

BALCARRY, seat and headland in
Rerrick parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BALCASKIE, seat of Sir Robert An-
struther, Bart., 2 miles north-west of
Pittenweem, Fife.

BALCASTLE, hamlet in Slamannan
parish, Stirlingshire.

BALCASTLE, ancient Caledonian fort,
near Kilsyth, Stirlingshire.

BALCHRISTIE, seat on site of ancient
Culdee cell, near Colinsburgh, Fife.

BALCLADDICH, bay, 6£ miles north-
west of Lochinver, Sutherland.

BALCLUTHA,place mentioned in Ossian,
supposed to be Dumbarton rock or castle.

BALCOMIE, quondam seat of the Earls
of Kellie, near Crail, Fife. It was once-
very large, but became curtailed into a
j farmhouse.

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BALCONY, castellated mansion, formerly
a seat of the Earls of Ross, near Evanton,
Ross-shire.

BALCRUVIE, ruined ancient castle in
Largo parish, Fife.

BALCURVIE, village in Markinch parish,
Fife. It has a public school with about
83 scholars.

BALDERNOCK, parish on south border
of Stirlingshire, averagely 1\ miles north
of Glasgow. Post town, Glasgow. Acres,
4322. Real property in 1880-81, £3868.
Pop. 569. The surface rises from the
river Kelvin to the skirt of Campsie Fells,
and comprises successively alluvial flat,
swelling knolls, and moorish hill. The
minerals include coal, lime, ironstone, fire-
clay, pyrites, and alum-ore ; and an in-
teresting antiquity is the large cromlech,
called Auld Wife's Lift. The churches
are Established and Free. The public
school has accommodation for 105 scholars.

BALDOON, estate, with ruined castle, \\
miles south- south-west of "Wigton. The
castle was the scene of the incident which
suggested to Sir Walter Scott the tragic
end of his Bride of Lammermoor .

BALDOVAN, village, with railway sta-
tion, 7f miles north-north- west of Dundee.
Baldovan House is the seat of Sir John
Ogilvie, Bart.

BALDOVIE, hamlet and seat near Kirrie-
muir, Forfarshire. The hamlet has a post
office under Dundee.

BALDOWRIE, seat on south-west border
of Forfarshire, near Coupar- Angus.

BALDRAGON, railway station, 8f miles
north-north-west of Dundee.

BALDRIDGE, estate and suburb on north-
west side of Dunfermline, Fife. The
suburb has a public school with about 240
scliolctrs

BALERNO, village on Water of Leith, 7
miles south-west of Edinburgh. It has a
post office, with money order department,
under Currie, a railway station, a United
Presbyterian church, and a public school
with about 112 scholars. Pop. 474.

BALFIELD, hamlet in Lethnot parish,
Forfarshire.

BALFOUR, remnant of castle built by
Cardinal Beaton, in Kingoldrum parish,
Forfarshire.

BALFOUR, seat on the Leven, in Mark-
inch parish, Fife.

BALFOUR, seat near Kincardine O'Neil,
Aberdeenshire.

BALFOUR, hamlet and splendid modern
mansion in Shapinshay Island, Orkney.
The hamlet has a post office under Kirk-
wall.

BALFRISHEL, village in Boleskine
parish, Inverness-shire.

BALFRON, town and parish in Strath-
endrick district, Stirlingshire. The town
stands on Endrick river, 1\ mile east of a
railway station of its own name, 19f miles
west-south-west of Stirling ; is a neat
modern seat of manufacture, and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph

departments, under Glasgow, a banking
office, a parochial church, a United Pres-
byterian church, and a public school with
about 147 scholars. Pop. 970. — The parish
contains also Holm of Balfron hamlet, and
is about 11 miles long and 3 miles broad.
Acres, 7820. Real property in 1880-81,
£7767. Pop. 1327. The surface includes
a fine tract of 6 miles along the Endrick,
and rises thence northward to Balgair
Moor. There are a Free church for Kill-
earn and Balfron, a United Presbyterian
church at Holm of Balfron, and 2 public
schools for 288 scholars.

BALGAIR, estate in Balfron parish,
Stirlingshire.

BALGARVIE, seat in Monimail parish,
Fife.

B ALGA VIES, seat and lake near Auld-
bar railway station, Forfarshire.

BALGAY, wooded hill, with public park,
in north-western outskirts of Dundee.

BALGEDDIE, hamlet in Portmoak parish,
Kinross-shire. It has a United Presby-
terian church.

BALGIE, rivulet in Applecross parish,
Ross-shire.

BALGLASS, estate in Killearn parisb,
Stirlingshire. An ancient fortalice on it
is believed to have been a retreat of Sir
William Wallace.

BALGONAR, seat in Saline parish, Fife.

BALGONE, seat of Sir George Suttie,
Bart., in North Berwick parish, Hadding-
tonshire.

BALGONIE, or MILTON OF BALGONIE,

quoad sacra parish with village on river
Leven, 2 miles south-east of Markinch,
Fife. It has a post office under Markinch,
an Established church with 650 sittings,
and a public school with about 80 scholars.
Pop. 1394. Coalton, or Coalton of Bal-
gonie, village is in the vicinity. Pop. 419.
Balgonie House and Balgonie Castle are
also in the vicinity, and the latter is a large
ancient baronial fortalice, and was once a
seat of the Earls of Leven.

BALGOWAN, railway station, estate,
and public school, 9 miles west of Perth.
The school has about 87 scholars.

BALGOWN, bay in Kirkmaiden parish,
Wigtonshire.

BALGOWNIE, seat and bridge in Old
Machar parish, Aberdeenshire.

BALGRAY, hamlet on the Kelvin, about
3 miles north -north-west of Glasgow.
Nearly 30 fossil trees were discovered
in a quarry here, about 1828, all exogenous,
standing close to one another in their
natural position.

BALGRAY, hamlet in Tealing parish,
Forfarshire.

BALGREGGAN, seat in Stoneykirk
parish, Wigtonshire.

BALHADDIE, hamlet in Ardoch parish,
Perthshire.

BALHARY, seat in Alyth parish, Perth-
shire.

BALIGARVE, place, with public school,
in Lismore parish, Argyleshire.

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BALIGIL, burn on east boundary of
Farr parish, Sutherland.

BALIGRUNDLE, place, with public
school, in Lismore parish, Argyleshire.

BALINTORE. See Ballintoke.

BALINTRAID, harbour with pier in
Kilmuir-Easter parish, Eoss-shire.

BALISHEAR, island, about 3^ miles long,
near south-west coast of North XJist, Outer
Hebrides. Pop. 197.

BALKAIL, seat adjacent to Glenluce,
Wigtonshire.

BALKELLO, hamlet in Tealing parish,
Forfarshire.

BALLACHULISH, town on northern
verge of Argyleshire, and quoad sacra
parish, partly also in Inverness-shire.
The town comprises Ballachulish Ferry on
Loch Leven, 11J miles south-south-west
of Fort-William, and Ballachulish quarries,
in mouth of Glencoe, a short distance to
the east ; is a centre of business, and of
tourist routes for an extensive surround-
ing country ; and has a post office, with
telegraph, under Fort-William, a banking
office, a hotel, an Established church,
enlarged in 1880, a Free church, and
a notable Episcopalian church. Slate
quarries here began to be worked in 1697,
underwent great stimulation in 1863,
and yield about 15,000,000 of slates a
year. Pop. of the town, 1075. — The quoad
sacra parish excludes the town, and is
called either North Ballachulish or Balla-
chulish and Ardgour, and has Established,
Free, and Episcopalian churches. Pop. 749.

BALLAGAN, cascade of 70 feet on
Blane river, at its emergence from Lennox
Hills, in Strathblane, Stirlingshire.

BALLANBREICH (popularly BAM-
BREICH), barony on the Tay, in Flisk
parish, Fife. It gives the- title of baroness
to the Countess of Rothes, and it retains
ruins of a magnificent ancient castle.

BALLANDARG, seat in Kirriemuir
parish, Forfarshire.

BALLANGEICH, ancient footway from
north side of Stirling Castle, Stirling. It
was James v.'s line of exit on his eccentric
incognito expeditions, and gave him the
popular soubriquet of 'Gudeman o' Ballan-
geich.'

BALLANREE, cliff at Berigonium on
Ardchattan coast, Argyleshire. Its name
signifies 'King's town,' and aids the
traditional fancy that Berigonium was a
capital or royal city of Dalriada.

BALLANTRAE, village and parish in
south-western extremity of Ayrshire.
The village stands on Stinchar river, near
the' sea, 12^ miles south-south-west of
Gii -van, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Girvan, a banking office, an inn, an
artificial tidal harbour, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 201 scholars. Pop. 424. —The
parish contains also Glenapp hamlet, and
is about 10 miles long and nearly 10 miles
broad. Acres, 33,561. Real property in

1880-81, £15,214. Pop. 1442. The land
is much diversified, and rises from low
ground on the shore to mountains on
the flank of the Southern Highlands.
There are 4 schools for 366 scholars, and 2
of them and a class-room for 170 are new.

BALLAT, bog in Drymen parish, Stir-
lingshire. It lies at the watershed between
the Clyde and the Forth, yet is only 222
feet above sea-level.

BALLATER, village on the Dee, 43£
miles west-by-south of Aberdeen. It
presents a pleasant appearance, amid
charming environs ; is a favourite summer
resort, both for its own sake and for the
sake of its vicinity to Pannanich wells ;
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, under Aber-
deen, a railway station, 2 banking offices,
a hotel, an Albert Memorial Hall of 1875,
barracks for soldiers in summer attendance
on the Queen, a fine bridge in lieu of 2
previous bridges swept away by floods, a
water supply of 1873, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 87 scholars. Pop. 759. — Ballater
Pass, beyond a hill in the north-western
vicinity, is a precipitous wooded gorge ;
and Ballater or Monaltrie House stands
near the pass's south-east end.

BALLATRICH, farmhouse, where Lord
Byron lived when a boy, near Ballater,
Aberdeenshire.

BALLECHIN, seat in Logierait parish,
Perthshire.

BALLEDGARNO, or BALLERNO, village
and seat in Inchture parish, Perthshire.

BALLENACH, place near west end of
Crinan Canal, Argyleshire.

BALLENCRIEFF, a seat of Lord Elibank,
in Aberlady parish, Haddingtonshire.

BALLENCRIEFF, stream, running north-
westward to the Avon, in Torphichen
parish, Linlithgowshire.

BALLENDRICK, seat in Dunbarny par-
ish, Pertb shire.

BALLENDRUM, place in Glenmoriston,
Inverness-shire.

BALLESHARE. See Balisheak.

BALLEYAIRD, place, 3 miles north of
Grantown, Elginshire.

BALLIANLAY, place in North Bute
parish, Buteshire. It has a public school
with about 46 scholars.

BALLIGRO GAN, place, 6J miles west-
south-west of Campbelton, Argyleshire.

BALLIKINRAIN, seat near Killearn,
Stirlingshire.

BALLIMORE, seat in Kilfinan parish,
Argyleshire.

BALLINDALLOCH, hamlet and mansion
on the Spey, 9f miles south-west of Aber-
lour, Banffshire. The hamlet has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Craigellachie, and a
railway station. The mansion is a
seat of Sir George Macpherson - Grant,
Bart.

BALLINDALLOCH, estate and factory in
I Balfron parish, Stirlingshire.

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BALLINDEAN, hamlet, mansion, and
hill, in Inchture parish, Perthshire.

BALLINGRY (popularly BINGRY), parish,
containing small part of Lochgelly post
town, Fife. Acres, 4621. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £8036. Pop., quoad civilia,
1065 ; quoad sacra, 460. About one-
third is under the plough. Binarty Hill,
screening south end of Loch Leven, is
partly within the northern border. The
drained bed of Loch Ore, once a consider-
able lake, lies in the northern section.
Lochore House, between that and Binarty,
is a prominent feature. The site of a
Roman camp, thought to have been the
scene of a victory over the ninth Roman
Legion by the Caledonians, lies to the
west of that mansion. The church was
renovated in 1876, and the public school is
new, and has capacity for 250 scholars.

BALLINLUIG, village, 8J miles north-
north-west of Dunkeld, Perthshire. It
stands adjacent to deflection of branch
railway to Aberfeldy, and has a station
there and a head post office.

BALLINTORE, fishing village, about 7
miles south - east of Tairi, Ross-shire.
Pop. 435.

BALLINTUIM, hamlet in Kirkmichael
parish, Perthshire. It has a post office
under Blairgowrie, and a public school
with about 63 scholars.

BALLO, one of the Sidlaw Hills, in Long-
forgan parish, Perthshire.

BALLOCH, village on Leven river, near
foot of Loch Lomond, 4^ miles north of
Dumbarton. It adjoins the junction of
Vale of Leven and Forth and Clyde Rail-
ways ; communicates by a railway of about
7 furlongs with a steamboat pier on Loch
Lomond ; and has a railway station, an
excellent hotel, and a fine suspension
bridge. Pop. 159. Balloch Castle, in
its vicinity, is a modern seat ; and a pre-
vious Balloch Castle, now extinct, was a
fortified seat of the Earls of Lennox.

BALLOCH, village in Inverness parish,
Inverness-shire

BALLOCH, small lake at foot of Torlum,
Muthil parish, Perthshire.

BALLOCH, original pile of Taymouth
Castle, Perthshire.

BALLOCH, hill, 1199 feet high, near
Keith, Banffshire.

BALLOCH, hill on north-west boundary
of Kildonan parish, Sutherland.

BALLOCHLEAM, battle-field between
the Grahams and the Leckies, near
boundary between Gargunnock and Kip-
pen parishes, Stirlingshire.

BALLOCHMORIE, seat in Colmonell
parish, Ayrshire.

BALLOCHMYLE, seat and grounds, sung
by the poet Burns, on the river Ayr, 1^
miles south - east of Mauchline, Ayr-
shire.

BALLOCHNEY, suburb of Airdrie, and
part of Monkland railway system, Lanark-
shire.

BALLOCHVOY, village, about 4 miles

west - south - west of Tobermory, Mull
Island, Argyleshire.

BALLOGIE, seat, small Roman Catholic
chapel, and public school with about 73
scholars, in Birse parish, Aberdeenshire.

BALLONE, dilapidated, large, ancient
castle of the Earls of Ross, in Tarbat
parish, Ross-shire.

BALLUMBIE, seat and remains of old
castle in Murroes parish, Forfarshire.

BALLYGRANT, place in south-east of
Islay Island, Argyleshire. It has a post
office under Greenock.

BALLYOUKIN, seat near Pitlochrie,
Perthshire.

BALLYPHUILL, hamlet in Kincardine
parish, Ross-shire.

BALLYSHEAR, seat in Southend parish,
Argyleshire.

BALMACAAN, seat of the Earl of Sea-
field, in lower valley of Urquhart, near
Loch Ness, Inverness-shire.

BALMACARRA, seat and hotel on north
side of Loch Alsh, Ross-shire.

BALMACLELLAN, village and parish in
north of Kirkcudbrightshire. The village
stands on Ken river, 1^ mile north of
New Galloway, and has a post office under
New Galloway. The parish extends from
the Ken to the boundary with Dumfries-
shire at Loch Urr, and is about 14 miles
long and 10 miles broad. Acres, 23,019.
Real property in 1880-81, £11,565. Pop. ,
quoad civilia, 937; quoad sacra, 787.
The tract, for 2 or 3 miles from the
Ken, is low ground, diversified by ' drums,'
and the rest of the surface is chiefly an
assemblage of moors, mosses, and rugged
hills. There are 3 public schools, with
about 168 scholars.

BALMADIES, estate, with Ochterlony
mansion, in Rescobie parish, Forfarshire.

BALMAE, seat near Kirkcudbright,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

BALMAGHIE, parish on right side of
the Dee, near Castle-Douglas, Kirkcud-
brightshire. It is about 9 miles long and
7 miles broad, and comprises 21,069 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £11,920. Pop.
924. Much of the land adjacent to the
Dee is meadow, most in the south-east is
level, and the rest is a mixture of hills,
hollows, lakes, and morasses. 3 of the
lakes have much attraction for anglers,
and one of them adjoins a hotel and a spa.
The chief seats are Balmaghie House
and Duchrae ; the chief antiquity is
Thrieve Castle, and a chief association is
with the history of the Covenanters. The
churches are Established and Free ; and
there are 3 public schools, with about 180
scholars.

BALMAHA, village on east shore of
Loch Lomond, about 11 miles north-by-
east of Dumbarton. It has a pier and a
large chemical work, and it adjoins a
mountain pass by which the Highland
caterans made descents into the Lowlands.

BALMAKEWAN, seat in Mary kirk parish „
Kincardineshire.

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BALMALCOLM, village in Kettle parish,
Fife.

BALMANGAN, small harbour, and ruined
ancient tower, at mouth of the Dee's
estuary, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BALMANNO, fine old baronial fortalice,
converted into farmhouse, 2| miles west of
Abernethy, Perthshire.

BALMANNO, seat in Marykirk parish,
Kincardineshire.

BALMAODAN, old parish, now called
Ardchattan, Argyleshire. Remains of old
church, bearing the old name, still exist.

BALMASHANNAR, hill, with quarry,
near Forfar.

BALMBRAE, village in Falkland parish,
Fife.

BALMEDIE, hamlet in Belhelvie parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a public school
with about 141 scholars.

BALMEECHY, place in Fearn parish,
Ross-shire. It has a public school with
about 57 scholars.

BALMERINO (popularly BALMIRNIE),
village and parish on Firth of Tay, Fife.
The village stands 4j miles west-south-west
of Newport, is near remains of an abbey
founded in 1229, and gave the peerage title
of baron to the family of Elphinstone,
attainted in 1746. — The parish contains
also the villages of Galdry and Coultry ;
and its post town is Newport. Acres,
3431. Real property in 1880-81, £6926.
Pop. 664. The shore is bold and rocky,
and the interior includes a fertile valley be-
tween two hill-ridges. Birkhill, Naughton
House, and Naughton Castle are chief
objects ; and the last is a vestige of a struc-
ture said to have been built by a natural son
of William the Lion. The public school
has about 97 scholars.

BALMORAL, royal castle on the Dee, 7
miles west-south-west of Ballater, Aber-
deenshire. It occupies a charming site,
with splendid views ; it has grounds ex-
tending, jointly with those of Abergeldie
and Birkhall, about 11 miles along the
Dee ; it superseded a previous edifice,
which belonged to the Earl of Fife, and
was purchased and occupied by the royal
family ; it was erected in 1853, after designs
by Smith of Aberdeen, under direction of
the Prince Consort ; it is in modified form
of the old Scottish baronial style, and it
comprises 2 blocks, connecting wings, and a
projecting tower 35 feet square and 80 feet
high.

BALMORE, village and haughsin Balder-
nock parish, Stirlingshire.

BALMULE, seat in Dunfermline parish,
Fife.

BALMULLO, village, 3 miles south-south-
east of Newport, Fife. It has a post office
under Leuchars, a United Original Seces-
sion church, and a public school with
about 95 scholars. Pop. 258.

BALMUNGO, seat, if mile south of St.
Andrews, Fife.

BALMURE, seat in Mains parish, Forfar-
shire.

BALMUTO, seat, with ancient tower, in
Kinghorn parish, Fife.

BALNABOTH, seat near Kirriemuir,
Forfarshire.

BALNABRUACH, fishing village in Nigg
parish, Ross-shire.

BALNACRAIG, estate, with old mansion
and Carlogie House, in Aboyne parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BALNAGOWAN, seat in Kilmuir-Easter
parish, Ross-shire. It belonged once to
the Earls of Ross, and belongs now to Sir
Charles W. F. A. Ross, Bart.

BALNAGUARD, village in Little Dun-
keld parish, Perthshire.

BALNAHUA, island midway between
Lunga and Easdale, Argyleshire. It mea-
sures only about a mile in circuit, but is
all one slate quarry. Pop. 108.

BALNAKIEL, old seat, first of the
Bishops of Sutherland, next of Lords
Reay, in Durness parish, Sutherland.

BALNAMOON, seat in Menmuir parish,
Forfarshire.

BALNAPALING, fishing village in Nigg
parish, Ross-shire.

BALNASUIN, hamlet in Weem parish,
Perthshire.

BALQUHAIN, seat and ruined ancient
castle in Chapel of Garioch parish, Aber-
deenshire. The castle was occupied by
Queen Mary on the eve of the battle of
Corrachie, and was burnt by the Duke of
Cumberland in 1746.

BALQUHAPPLE, old chapelry, now part
of Kincardine parish, Perthshire.

BALQUHATSON, estate, with rich coal
mines, in Slamannan parish, Stirling-
shire.

BALQUHIDDER, village and parish in
south-west of Perthshire. The village
stands near foot of Loch Voil, If mile
west of King's House railway station, and
12^ north-west of Callander, and has a
post office under Crieff, a handsome
parochial church of 1855, a Free church, a
public school with about 61 scholars, and
a churchyard, containing the grave and
rude monument of Rob Roy. — The parish
contains also the villages of Lochearn-
head and Strath yre, and is about 18 miles
long and 6^ miles broad. Acres, 54,675.
Real property in 1880-81, £8832. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 759 ; quoad sacra, 627.
The outline is somewhat triangular, and
projects a long acute angle to the west.
The borders, except at head of Loch Earn
and at upper part of Loch Lubnaig, consist
of portions of the Grampians, the song-
celebrated 'Braes o' Balquhidder.' The
chief part of the interior is a strath,
watered by Loch Doine, Loch Voil, and the
stream running thence to Loch Lubnaig.
The seats are Stronvar, Edinchip, and
Edinample.

BALQUHOLLY, ancient castle, mostly
superseded by Hatton Castle, in Turriff
parish, Aberdeenshire.

BALRUDDERY, seat in Liff parish, For-
farshire.

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BALRYMONTH (East and West), two
liills in St. Andrews parish, Fife.

BALSHANDIE, lake in Lundie parish,
Forfarshire.

BALTA, islet near east side of Unst
Island, Shetland.

BALTA SOUND, land-locked bay and
hamlet on east side of Unst Island, Shet-
land. The bay is 2 miles long, and
looks like a lake ; and the hamlet has a
post office, with money order and telegi-aph
departments, under Lerwick, and a public
school with about 57 scholars.

BALTHAYOCK, section of Kinnoul
parish, with modern mansion, and ruined
ancient strong fortalice, in eastern vicinity
of Perth.

BALVAIG, stream, traversing Lochs
Doine and "Voil, and entering Loch Lub-
naig, Perthshire.

BALVAIRD, a seat of the Earl of Mans-
field, in Fife section of Abernethy parish.

BALVAIRD, seat near Eutherglen,
Lanarkshire.

BALVENNY, dilapidated seat of the Earl
of Fife, in Mortlach parish, Banffshire.

BALVICAR, village on Seil Island,
Argyle shire.

BAL VRAID, place, with public school, in
Dornoch parish, Sutherland.

BALWAHANAID, hamlet in Weem par-
ish, Perthshire.

BALWEARIE, remains of strong ancient
baronial fortalice, in Abbotshall parish,
Fife. The fortalice belonged to a branch
of the family of Scott ; was the residence,
in the 13th century, of the famous reputed
wizard, Sir Michael Scott ; passed to the
Melvilles ; and gives the title of baron to
the Earl of Leven.

BALWHERNE, village in Methven
parish, Perthshire.

BAMBREICH. See Ballanbreich.

BAMFF, seat of Sir James H. Ramsay,
Bart., in Alyth parish, Perthshire.

BAMIRNIE. See Balmerino.

BANAVTE, place on Caledonian Canal,
mile from the canal's end near Fort-
William, Inverness-shire. It occurs im-
mediately above the grand ascending series
of 8 locks, and has a post office, with tele-
graph, under Fort- William, and a hotel.

BANCHORY, village on the Dee, 17 miles
west-south-west of Aberdeen. It is modern
and neatly built, attracts many summer
visitors, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Aberdeen, a railway station, 3 bank-
ing offices, a hotel, a town hall of 1873, an
Established church with nearly 1200
sittings, a Free church of 1880, an
Episcopalian church, and a public school
with about 123 scholars. Pop. 681.

BANCHORY-DEVENICK, parish on lower
reach of the Dee, in Aberdeenshire and
Kincardineshire. It has a post office under
Aberdeen. The Aberdeenshire section
comprises only 33 acres, and is within
Aberdeen parliamentary burgh ; but it
formerly comprised also other 2268 acres,

transferred in 1867 to Peterculter. Pop.
1216. The Kincardineshire section con-
tains Findon and Portlethen villages,
includes 3 miles of coast, and is 5 miles
long and 2|- miles broad. Acres, 7739.
Real property in 1880-81, £14,412. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 8101 ; quoad sacra, 1707. The
coast is bold and rocky, and the interior is
mostly rugged and stony. Chief things
of interest are the reach of the Dee, and
2 ancient Caledonian stone circles.
The churches are Established and Free.
There are 2 public schools for 590
scholars, and 1 of them and class-rooms
for 240 are new.

BANCHORY-TERNAN, parish on the
Dee, in Aberdeenshire and Kincardine-
shire. It contains Banchory village, and
is 8^ miles long and 1\' miles broad.
Acres of the Aberdeenshire part, 1058.
Real property in 1880-81 not reported.
Acres of the Kincardineshire part, 19,021.
Real property in 1880-81, £19,659. Pop.
3066. The northern section begins with
the lofty isolated hill of Fare, but is
elsewhere comparatively low ; the middle
section is part of the valley of the
Dee ; and the southern section includes a
lofty hill-ridge, and terminates in one of
the Grampians. Chief features are the
mansions of Crathes Castle and Tilwhilly
Castle, and the bed of the large drained
lake of Leys. The churches and a central
school are in Banchory village ; and there
are altogether 5 public schools, with about
scholars

BANCLEROCHE, seat at mouth of Kirk-
ton Glen, Campsie parish, Stirlingshire.

BANDIRRAN, seat in Kettins parish,
Forfarshire.

BANDIRRAN (SOUTH), detached section
of Caputh parish, surrounded by Collace,
Perthshire.

BANDRUM, seat in Saline parish, Fife.

BANETON, village in Kennoway parish,
Fife.

BANFF, town and parish on coast of
Banffshire. The town stands at mouth of
river Deveron, 50 miles north of Aberdeen,
and is a parliamentary burgh and a head
port ; but as such comprises 2 towns,
Banff proper and Macduff, about \ mile
distant from each other, on opposite sides
of the river, there spanned by an elegant
seven-arched bridge. Banff proper is on
the left bank, occupies a diversified hill
slope, presents exteriorly a picturesque
j appearance, commands fine views, and
has charming environs, including the
noble park of Duff House. It sprang
from a sti'ong royal castle, as early as at
least the time of Malcolm IV. ; it very
soon became a royal burgh ; it now com-
prises several well-built streets ; it was
destined in 1877 to undergo handsome
extension ; and it has a head post office
with all departments, a railway station,
5 banking offices, 5 hotels, a steepled
town hall, a recently erected court-house,
an interesting museum, a large library, a

BAN

35

BAN

fine recent bath-house, Established, Free,
United Presbyterian, and Episcopalian
churches ; Congregational, Wesleyan,
United Brethren, and Roman Catholic
chapels ; a burgh public school and a
number of other public schools ; publishes
a weekly newspaper; and carries on
woollen manufacture, iron-founding, and
other industries. The ancient castle
figured much in history, and is now repre-
sented, by a plain modern structure. The
Established church is conspicuous, and
contains 1500 sittings. The United Pres-
byterian church was erected in 1880, and
superseded an old one. The Episcopalian
church is small but elegant. The commerce
of the port in 1879 comprised 459 British
vessels, of 34,379 tons, and 34 foreign
vessels, of 2788 tons, inward ; and 441
British vessels, of 33,196 tons, and 26
foreign vessels, of 2029 tons, outward.
Real property of the parliamentary burgh
inl880-81, £12,192. Pop. of the royal burgh,
4185 ; of the parliamentary burgh, 7871.

The paiish is about 6^ miles long south-
westward, but not more than about 2
miles broad. Acres, 6073. Real property
of landward part in 1880-81, £6351. Pop. ,
quoad civilia, 5200 ; quoad sacra, 4810.
The northern section rises nowhere higher
than about 250 feet above sea-level, yet is
picturesquely diversified; and the southern
section contains considerably higher ground,
yet presents a very tame appearance. A
prominent feature is the Earl of Fife's
seat of Duff House, and a chief antiquity
is Inchdrewer Castle. There are, for the
burgh, the landward districts, and the
quoad sacra parish of Ord, 13 schools,
with accommodation for 1698 scholars.

BANFFSHIRE, seaboard county in north-
east of Scotland. It includes St. Fergus
parish and Straloch estate, surrounded by
distant parts of Aberdeenshire, but consists
chiefly of continuous country, extending
from Moray Firth south-south-westward to
Cairngorm Mountains. This main body
measures 32 miles along the coast and 50
miles inward, but is averagely not more
than about 12 miles broad, and the entire
county has an area of 686 square miles.
The southern section, to the extent of not
more than one-half of the entire length,
but with an average breadth of only about
8 miles, is wildly mountainous, partly
alpine, with intersections of glen and vale ;
and the northern section is a diversity of
pastoral hills, many-shaped eminences,
and rich tracts of small plain and long
valley. The principal rivers are the Spey,
on reaches of the western boundary ; the
Deveron, mostly near or on the eastern
boundary ; the Aven and the Fiddich, run-
ning to the Spey ; the Isla, running to the
Deveron ; and the Boyne, entering the sea
between Banff and Portsoy. Serpentine
and marble are near Portsoy ; good slate
is near Banff and Keith; and limestone
abounds throughout extensive tracts. The
arable land forms a comparatively small

portion of the entire area ; and its soil for
the most part is either a stiff deep clay,
a deep black loam, or a mixture of moss
or gravel. The fisheries are extensive,
but the manufactures are of small value.
The towns with each more than 3000
inhabitants are Banff, Macduff, Buckie,
and Keith ; the towns with each more
than 1000 inhabitants are Cullen, Portsoy,
Aberchirder, Dufftown, and Portnockie;
the villages with each more than 600
inhabitants are Port Gordon, Porteasy,
Whitehills, Gardenstown, Findochty, and
Newmills ; and the villages with each
more than 300 inhabitants are Charles-
town, Tomintoul, Fefcterangus, and For-
dyce. Real property in 1880-81, £239,298.
Pop. in 1871, 62,023 ; in 1881, 62,751.

BANGOUR, estate in Uphall parish,
Linlithgowshire.

BANK, place in Old Deer parish, Aber-
deenshire. It has a public school with
about 114 scholars.

BANKEND, village in Caerlaverock par-
ish, Dumfriesshire. It has a post office
under Dumfries.

BANKEND, hamlet in Kirkgunzeon
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BANKFOOT, village, 3 miles west-north-
west of Stanley Junction, Perthshire. It
is modern, was the birth-place of the poet
Nicol, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Perth, a United Presbyterian church, and
a public school with about 40 scholars.
Pop. 627.

BANKFOOT, hamlet in Coylton parish,
Ayrshire.

BANKHEAD, suburb of Wick, Caithness.

BANKHEAD, village and colliery in
Dreghorn and Kilmarnock parishes, Ayr-
shire.

BANKHEAD, village in Newhills parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BANKHEAD, hamlet in Monikie parish,
Forfarshire. It has a public school with
about 65 scholars.

BANKHEAD, seat in Rutherglen parish,
Lanarkshire.

BANKHEAD, railway station, 2 miles
east-north-east of Carstairs Junction,
Lanarkshire.

BANKS, hamlet in Mouswald parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BANKTON, quondam seat near Tranent,
Haddingtonshire. It was the residence of
Colonel Gardiner, who fell adjacent to it
in the battle of Prestonpans, and it was
destroyed by fire about 1854.

BANKTON - PARK, village in Kettle
parish, Fife.

BANNACHRA, ruined old fortalice in
Glenfruin, Dumbartonshire.

BANNAVIE. See Banavie.

BANNISKIRK, quondam old chapel in
Halkirk parish, Caithness.

BANNOCK, rivulet, running 9 miles east-
north-eastward to the Forth, at 2h miles
below Stirling.

BANNOCKBURN, town, quoad sacra

BAN

36

BAR

parish, and battle-field, in St. Ninians
parish, Stirlingshire. The town stands
on Bannock rivulet, 2f miles south-south-
east of Stirling, is a seat of nourishing
woollen manufacture, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Stirling, a railway
station, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and a public
school with about 323 scholars. Pop. of
the town, 2549 ; of the quoad sacra parish,
3281. — The battle-field, the scene of Bruce's
famous victory in 1314, lies on Bannock
rivulet, adjacent to the south end of St.
Ninians town, and retains, under an iron
grating, with surmounting flag-staff, frag-
ments of the large block of stone in which
Bruce planted his standard.

BANNO CKBURN - MUIR, suburb of
Bannockburn town, Stirlingshire. It has
a public school with about 136 scholars.

BANTASKINE, seat near Falkirk, Stir-
lingshire.

BANTON, quoad sacra parish, with
village, 1^ mile north-east of Kilsyth,
Stirlingshire. It has a post office under
Denny. Pop. of the village, 461 ; of the
parish, 793.

BARACHNIE, village in Crossbill
section of Old Monkland parish, Lanark-
shire. Pop. 279.

BARASSIE, railway station, 1 mile from
Troon, Ayrshire.

BARBARA VILLE, village in Kilmuir-
Easter parish, Ross-shire.

BARBAS WALLS , village in Buthven
parish, Forfarshire.

BARBER, hamlet in Boseneath parish,
Dumbartonshire.

BARBIESTON, modernized old baronial
fortalice near Dalrymple, Ayrshire.

BARBRECK, seat and vale in Craignish
parish, Argyleshire. The vale is believed
to have been the scene of a battle between
the Dalriadans and the Norsemen.

BARCALDINE, estate, with modern
mansion and ancient castle, on Loch
Creran, Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

BARCAPLE, seat "in Tongland parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

BARCLOSH, ruined ancient seat of Lord
Herries, in Kirkgunzeon parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

BARD, bold headland at south end of
Bressay Island, Shetland.

BARDOWIE, lake, 5 miles north-north-
west of Glasgow.

BARGALLY, seat in Minnigaff parish,
Kirkc u dbright shire .

BARGANY, seat in Dailly parish, Ayr-
shire.

BARGARRAN, place associated with a
notable trial for witchcraft, in Erskine
parish, Renfrewshire.

BARGATON, lake, 7 miles north-east of
Gatehouse, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BARGEDDIE, village and quoad sacra
parish in north of Lanarkshire. The
village stands 2h miles west of Coatbridge,
was mostly built after 1871, and has a

post office under Glasgow, and flourishing
ironworks. The parish was constituted
in 1876 ; and the church was opened near
the end of that year, and cost, with the
manse, about £9000. Pop. of the village,
659 ; of the parish, 2889.

BARGRENNAN, quoad sacra parish,
comprising part of Minnigaff in Kirkcud-
brightshire, and part of Penningham in
"Wigtonshire. It has a post office under
Newton-Stewart, and a public school.
Pop. 203 and 163.

BARHEAD. See Barrhead.

BARHILL, eminence, with vestiges of
Roman fort, in Kirkintilloch parish,
Dumbartonshrie.

BARHILL, Ayrshire. See Barrhill.

BARHOLM, seat near Creetown, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

BARHULLION, hiU in Glasserton parish,
"Wigtonshire.

BARJARG, village and estate in Keir
parish, Dumfriesshire.

BARLEYSIDE, village in Falkirk parish,
Stirlingshire.

BARLOCCO, seat in Rerrick parish,
Kirkcu dbright shire .

BARMEKIN, lofty hill, with ancient cir-
cular fortification,inEcht parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

BARMORE, peninsula and seat on west
side of Loch Fyne, 2^ miles north of
Tarbert, Argyleshire.

BARNBARROCH, place in Colvencl
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a
public school with about 66 scholars.

BARNBARROCH, seat in Kirkinner
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BARNBOUGLE, splendid edifice of 1880-
82, with fragment of ancient castle, on
the Firth of Forth, in Dalmeny parish,
Linlithgowshire.

BARNCLUITH, curious suite of old build-
ings and gardens, on bold bank of Avon
river, between Cadzow Castle and Hamil-
ton, Lanarkshire.

BARNHILL, eastern suburb of Glasgow.
The Barony poorhouse is here, and has
accommodation for 1500 inmates ; and a
new hospital in connection with it was
opened in 1880, and has accommodation
for 300 patients.

BARNHILL, village in Blantyre parish,
Lanarkshire. Pop. 455.

BARNHILL, village in Monifieth parish,
Forfarshire. Pop. 396.

BARNHILL, seat in Kinnoul parish,.
Perthshire.

BARNIEL, place on west side of Loch
Eck, Argyleshire.

BARNKIRK, small hill in Annan parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BARNOCK, place, with public school, in
Avondale parish, Lanarkshire.

BARNS, a seat of the Earl of "VVemyss,
on the Tweed, near influx of the Manor,
Peeblesshire.

BARNS, estate in Cleish parish, Kinross-
shire.

BARNS, ruined mansion in Grail parish,.

BAR

87

BAR

Fife. Drummond of Hawthornden wrote
here his 1 Battle of the Dunghill.''

BARNSDALE, extinct ancient castle in
Rescobie parish, Forfarshire.

BARNS (EAST), village, 2f miles south-
east of Dunbar, Haddingtonshire. It has
a public school with about 115 scholars.

BARNSHEAN, lake, 5 miles east- north-
east of Maybole, Ayrshire.

BARNS (WEST), village, 2 miles west of
Dunbar, Haddingtonshire. It has a post
office under Dunbar, and a public school
with about 162 scholars. Pop. 529.

BARNTALLOCH, extinct old castle in
Langholm parish, Dumfriesshire.

BARNTON, seat in Cramond parish,
Edinburghshire.

BARNWELL, old parish, divided between
Craigie and Tarbolton. Ayrshire.

BARNYARDS, village in Kilconquhar
parish, Fife. Pop. 350.

BAROCHAN, seat in Houston parish,
Renfrewshire.

BARONALD, seat near Lanark.

BARONY, parish, comprising large por-
tion of city and suburbs of Glasgow. It
was constituted a separate parish in 1595,
and it is now divided into numerous quoad
sacra parishes. Acres, 1789. Real pro-
perty of landward part inl880-81, £151,416.
Pop., quoad civilia, 236,622 ; quoad sacra,
6590. The parochial church stands near
the Cathedral, was built in 1801, and
is a spacious but tasteless and towerless
structure. The Barony Free church stands
a little west of that, and is a recent Norman
edifice with lofty tower. Most of the
public schools are within the city ; the
parochial poorhouse is in Barnhill suburb ;
and the parochial lunatic asylum is at
AVoodielee, near Lenzie.

BARONY, headland between Mull Sound
and Loch Linnhe, Argyleshire.

BARR, village and parish in south-east
of Carrick, Ayrshire. The village stands
on Stinchar river, 7 miles east-south-east
of Girvan, and has a post office under
Girvan, a railway station, a parochial
church, a Free church, and a public school
with about 81 scholars. — The parish
measures about 20 miles by 8, and com-
prises 54,876 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £15,104. Pop. 600. Most of
the surface is either hilly, moorish, or
mountainous ; and the arable land is only
about 1200 acres. There are 3 public
schools for 148 scholars.

BARR, place in Galston parish, Ayr-
shire. It has a public school with about
244 scholars.

BARR, glen in Killean parish, Kintyre,
Argyleshire.

BARR, estate, with roofless old castle,
in Lochwinnoch parish, Renfrewshire.

BARR, hill in St. Mungo parish, Dum-
friesshire.

BARRA, island and parish in south end of
Outer Hebrides. The island lies about 45
miles south-south-west of Lochmaddy ;
measures 9 miles in length and 5^ miles

in breadth ; is screened along the west by
vast, cavernous, shattered rocks ; rises into
roundish pastoral hills ; belonged for many
ages to the Macneils ; contains the modern
mansion of Barra Castle ; and has a post
officeunder Lochmaddy, a parochial church,
a Roman Catholic chapel, and a public
school with about 56 scholars. Pop. 1864.
— The parish includes 8 other inhabited
islands, and upwards of 12 uninhabited
ones ; and it measures about 20 miles in
length, and terminates at Barrahead. Real
property in 1880- 81, £2098. Pop. 2161.

BARRA, hill in Bourtie parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

BARRAHEAD, headland at southern
extremity of Outer Hebrides. A light-
house was erected on it in 1833, and shows
an intermittent light visible at the distance
of 32 nautical miles.

BARRAS, suburb of Lochmaben, Dum-
friesshire.

BARRAS, section of Kinneff parish,
Kincardineshire.

BARREL OF BUTTER, small skerry in
Orphir parish, Orkney.

BARRHEAD, town and quoad sacra
parish in east of Renfrewshire. The town
stands on Levern river, 6J miles south-
west of Glasgow, is a prosperous seat of
manufacture, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Glasgow, a railway station, 2
banking offices, a public hall, Established,
Free, United Presbyterian, Evangelical
Union, and Roman Catholic churches, and
2 public schools. All the churches are
modern, 1 of the schools is recent, and
the number of scholars is about 624. Pop.
of the town, 9429 ; of the parish, 6728.

BARRHILL, village on Dusk rivulet, in
centre of Colmonell parish, Ayrshire. It
has a post office, with money order depart-
ment, under Girvan, a railway station,
a banking office, a Free church, and a
public school with about 101 scholars.

BARRIE. See Barky.

BARRISDALE, seat in Glenelg parish,
Inverness-shire.

BARRMILL, village in Beith parish,
Ayrshire. It has a station on branch rail-
way, and a public school with about 95
scholars. Pop. 279.

BARROCH, seat of Sir John R. G.
Sinclair, Bart., 10 miles north-north -west
of Wick, Caithness.

BARROGILL, seat of the Earl of Caith-
ness, on north coast of Canisbay parish,
Caithness.

BARROWFIELD, eastern suburb of Glas-
gow, on quondam Borough Moor, where
Regent Moray's army encamped on eve of
battle of Langside. It has a quoad sacra
parish church, and a Free church. Pop.
of the quoad sacra parish, 8087.

BARRSCHOL, section of Rogart parish,
Sutherland.

BARRY, village and parish in south-east
extremity of Forfarshire. The village
stands 9 miles east-north-east of Dundee,

BAR

38

BAY

and has a railway station, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 91 scholars. The parish contains
also most of the post town of Carnoustie,
and is about 4 miles long and 3 miles
broad. Acres, 5328. Keal property in
1880-81, £16,596. Pop., quoad civilia,
3233; quoad sacra, 1229. The coast is
flat and sandy, and includes Buddonness
at entrance of the Firth of Tay. The
interior commences with a verdant bank,
and forms a fertile flat, elevated about 50
feet above the coast. Churches and a
public school are in Carnoustie.

BARRY, hill in Alyth parish, Perth-
shire.

BARSCOBE, lake, 3 miles east of Dairy,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

BAR SHAW, seat near Paisley, Renfrew-
shire.

BAR SKIMMING, seat of Sir William F.
Miller, Bart., on the river Ayr, 2^ miles
south - west of Mauchline, Ayrshire. It
was destroyed by fire in March 1882.

BARTHOL, place in Tarves parish, Aber-
deenshire. It has a quoad sacra parish
church for a pop. of 797, and a public
school with about 121 scholars.

BARVAS, village and parish in north of
Lewis, Outer Hebrides. The village stands
on west coast, at mouth of rivulet of
its own name, about 15 miles north-north-
west of Stornoway ; and has a post office
under Stornoway, a parochial church, a
Free church, and 2 public schools with
about 89 scholars. Pop. 561. — The parish
contains also the villages of Bragar,
Knockard, Erropie, and Swainbost ; and
measures about 22 miles by 8. Acres,
89,654. Real property in 1880-81, £3109.
Pop., quoad civilia, 5325; quoad sacra,
2600. The coast is bold and rocky, and
includes the terminating promontory called
the Butt. A tract of less than a mile in
mean breadth along the shore is the only
cultivated land, and all the rest of the
interior is mossy moor. There are 6
schools for 955 scholars, and 3 of these
and 2 enlargements for 784 are new.

BARVICK, rivulet entering the Turret
near Crieff, Perthshire.

BARWHINNOCK, seat in Tvvynholm
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BASHAW, place, with limestone and
petrifying springs, in Carluke parish,
Lanarkshire.

BASKET, place, with ironstone mines, in
Blantyre parish, Lanarkshire.

BASS, insulated basaltic crag, 3J miles
north-east of North Berwick, Haddington-
shire. It measures 350 feet in height, and
fully a mile in circumference ; is accessible
at only one point ; and was successively a
retreat of the Culdee St. Baldred, a strong-
hold of the Lauder family, a state prison
of distinguished Covenanters, and the last
place in Scotland which resisted the Revolu-
tion.

BASS, mound adjacent to Inverury, Aber-
deenshire. It was long the subject of

curious traditions, and a puzzle to anti-
quaries, but is simply an accumulation of
diluvial drift.

BASSENDEAN, old parish, now part of
"Westruther, Berwickshire.

BASTA, voe or bay on east side of Yell
Island, Shetland.

BASTLERIDGE, estate in Ayton parish,
Berwickshire.

BATHA, lake in Fortingal parish, Perth-
shire.

BATHGATE, town and parish in west of
Linlithgowshire. The town stands at a
convergence of railways, 18^ miles west-
south-west of Edinburgh ; is partly old
and irregular on an acclivity, partly new
and regular on low ground ; carries on
much business in connection with rich,
extensive, surrounding mineral field ; and
has a head post office with all departments,
4 banking offices, Established, Free,
United Presbyterian, Evangelical Union,
and Roman Catholic churches, a handsome
free academy, and a large public school.
Pop. 4S87. — The parish contains also the
town of Armadale and the village of Dur-
hamton, and is about 7f miles long and 4
miles broad. Acres, 10,876. Real property
in 1880-81, £45,234. Pop. 9450. The
north-eastern section is hilly, and the rest
is almost level. Bituminous minerals,
ironstone, and limestone are extensively
worked. Chief seats are Balbardie and
Boghead. There are 8 schools for 2367
scholars, and 3 of these, for 1250, are new.
A resolution was taken in August 1881
to erect a new parochial church.

BATHGATE AND EDINBURGH RAIL-
WAY, about 10^ miles long, from Bathgate
to a junction with the Edinburgh and Glas-
gow line of the North British system near
Ratho station. It was leased for 999 years
to the Edinburgh and Glasgow, and passed
with that to the North British.

BATTLEDYKES, farm, with remains of
Roman camp, in Oathlaw parish, Forfar-
shire.

BATTLEHILL, scene of ancient sanguin-
ary fight between the Scotch and the
English, in Annan parish, Dumfriesshire.

BATTLEHILL, scene of ancient conflict
between the Comyns and the Gordons,
near Huntly, Aberdeenshire.

BATTLEKNOWES, place, with traces of
Roman camp, in Whitsome parish, Ber-
wickshire.

BATTLELAW, scene of ancient conflict
between the Scotch and the Danes, in
Balmerino parish, Fife.

BATTOCK (MOUNT), summit, 2554 feet
high, at meeting-point of Aberdeenshire,
Kincardineshire, and Forfarshire.

BAUCHRAN, lake in Glenstrathfarrar,
Inverness-shire.

BAWKIE, bay at south end of Dunoon,
Argyleshire.

BAYBLE, 2 villages, Lower and Upper, in
Stornoway parish, Outer Hebrides. Pop.
431 and 481.

BAYFIELD, seat in Nigg parish, Ross-shire.

BAY

39

BEL

BAYHEAD, suburb of Stornoway, Outer
Hebrides.

BEACON, conical hill in Bressay Island,
Shetland.

BEALACH-NAMBO, natural terrace, on
north shoulder of Benvenue, about 800
feet above Loch Katrine, Perthshire.

BEANOCH, lake, 3 miles north-east of
Lochinver, Sutherland.

BEARSDEN, village, 5 miles north-
north-west of Glasgow. It has a post
office, with telegraph, under Glasgow, and
a railway station. Pop. 764.

BEATH, parish, containing the post office
village of Cowdenbeath, the villages of
Hill of Beath and Oakfield, and most of
the village of Kelty, in west of Fife. Its
length is about 4 miles, its breadth about

3 miles, its area 6345 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £21,493. Pop. 5442.
The surface is hilly, rugged, and diver-
sified. Beath Hill, on the south-western
boundary, has a beautiful appearance,
and commands an extensive view. Coal
abounds, and is largely worked. The
churches are Established and Free, the
latter at Kelty. There are 3 public
schools, all new, for 1150 scholars.

BEATTOCK, railway station, 2 miles
south-south- west of Moffat, and 61^ southr
by-west of Edinburgh. It has neat offices
and a hotel, and is adjacent to the post
office village of Craigitiands. A railway
from it to Moffat was begun to be formed
in December 1881.

BEAUFORT CASTLE, seat of Lord Lovat,

4 miles south-west of Beauly, Inverness-
shire. A previous castle on its site was
besieged by the English in 1303, seized and
injured by Oliver Cromwell, and utterly
destroyed after the battle of Culloden.

BEAULY, river, sea-loch, and village,
on north-west border of Inverness-shire.
The river is formed by union of the Glass
and the Farrar ; runs windingly about 10
miles north-eastward to head of the sea-
loch, and is notable for its falls of Kilmo-
rack. — The sea-loch forms part of the
boundary between Inverness-shire and
Ross-shire ; extends 7 miles eastward,
with maximum breadth of 2 miles ; and
connects, by strait of Kessock ferry,
with head of Moray Firth. — Th^ village
stands on the river near influx to the loch,
10 miles west of Inverness ; is old,
modernized, and well-built, and has a head
post office with all departments, a railway
station, 2 banking offices, a harbour, 2
hotels, ruins of a priory of 1230, an Estab-
lished church, a Free church, a Roman
Catholic chapel, and a public school with
about 143 scholars. Pop. 903.

BEAUMONT, rivulet of east border of
Roxburghshire, running 10 miles northward
there, and passing into England to the Till.

BEDLAY, old fortalice, quondam seat
of the Earls of Kilmarnock, near Chryston,
Lanarkshire.

BEDLORMIE, old fortalice in Torphichen
parish, Linlithgowshire.

BEDRULE, hamlet and parish in centre
of Roxburghshire. The hamlet lies on
Eule river, 3| miles south-west of Jed-
burgh, and includes the parochial church,
and remains of the old castle of the
Turnbulls. The parish contains 2 other
small hamlets, and its post town is
Jedburgh. Acres, 3917. Real property
in 1880-81, £4459. Pop. 269. The surface
includes part of Dunian Mountain, and
part of alluvial tracts on the Teviot.
The public school has about 58 scholars.

BEE, large irregular sea-loch in north of
South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

BEECHFIELD, place near Meikle Gar-
nock, Hamilton parish , Lanarkshire. It has
a public school of 1876 for 150 scholars.

BEECHWOOD, a seat of Sir Sidney
Dundas, Bart., in Corstorphine parish,
Edinburghshire.

BEECHWOOD, seat in St. Vigeans
parish, Forfarshire.

BEECHWOOD, seat in Kettins parish,
Forfarshire.

BEESWING, place near Killywhan rail-
way station, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has
a post office under Dumfries.

BEG, sea-loch, branching from Loch
Bracadale, Isle of Skye.

BEGLIE (WICKS OF), hill-pass, with
grand view, 3 \ miles west of Abernethy,
Perthshire.

BEIL, seat and village in Stenton parish,
Haddingtonshire.

BEITH, town in Ayrshire, and parish
partly also in Renfrewshire. The town
stands on an eminence near a railway
junction, 11 miles south-west-by-south of
Paisley ; dates, with slight exception, from
times subsequent to the Revolution ;
carries on a variety of manufactures ; and
has a head post office with all departments,
a railway station, 3 banking offices, a
hotel, a town hall, a parochial church, a
Free church, 2 United Presbyterian
churches, an Evangelical Union chapel, an
industrial school, and 2 public schools.
Pop. 4037. — The parish contains also the
villages of Barrmill, Gateside, and Burn-
house, and part of the village of Langbar.
Acres in Ayrshire, 10,678 ; in Renfrew-
shire, 544. Real property in 1880-81,
£31,034, and £637. Pop. 6555. A hill-
ridge, with summits of from 500 to 600
feet above sea-level, extends along the
north-east border ; the land declines and
undulates thence to the west and south-
west ; and the narrow strath traversed by
Glasgow and Ayr Railway, from Paisley
to Kilwinning, attains its highest point
in the west, at only about 95 feet above
sea-level. Caldwell and "Woodside are
chief seats, and Giffen Castle was long
conspicuous, but fell in 1838. There are
8 schools for 1069 scholars, and 1 of them
and class-rooms for 459 are new.

BELCHESTER, seat in Eccles parish,
Berwickshire.

BELDCRAIG, dell, 3 miles east-north*
east of Moffat, Dumfriesshire.

BEL

40

BEL

BELFORD, hill, 1092 feet high, in Hou-
nam parish, Roxburghshire.

BELHAVEN, village and quoad sacra
liarish on east coast of Haddingtonshire.
The village stands at head of small bay
about a mile west of Dunbar, has a public
school with about 66 scholars, and gives the
peerage title of baron to a branch of the
family of Hamilton. Pop. of the village,
434 ; of the quoad sacra parish, 1351.

BELHELVIE, parish on east coast of
Aberdeenshire, averagely 7 miles north of
Aberdeen. It contains the hamlets of
Calmedie, Craigie, Wester Hatton, Menie,
and Shiels, and has a post office of its own
name under Aberdeen. It measures about
6 miles by 5, and comprises 12,148 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £13,622. Pop.
1850. The coast is low and sandy ; the
interior rises gradually, but is diversified
with hillocks and low hill-ridges, and the
western boundary is a continuous ridge
about 800 feet high. The churches are
Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian. There are 5 schools for 399
scholars, and 3 of them, for 240, are new.

BELLA, head-stream of the Lugar, Ayr-
shire.

BELLABEG, seat in Strathdon parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BELLADRUM, seat in Kiltarlity parish,
Inverness-shire.

BELLAHOUSTON, quoad sacra parish,
within Govan parish, in south-western
outskirts of Glasgow. Pop. 6002. A
handsome academy here, on Paisley Road,
was erected in 1876.

BELLANOCH, place in North Knapdale
parish, Argyleshire. It has a public
school with about 80 scholars.

BELLEISLE, seat in Ayr parish, Ayrshire.

BELLEVILLE, seat in Alvie parish,
Inverness-shire.

BELLEVUE, seat near Auchtermuchty,
Fife.

BELLFIELD, suburban village between
Stirling and St. Ninians, Stirlingshire.

BELLFIELD, seat near Kirknewton,
Edinburghshire.

BELLFIELD, seat near Kilmarnock,
Ayrshire.

BELLFIELD, seat near Cupar, Fife.

BELLIE, parish, containing the post
town of Fochabers, in Elginshire, and the
villages of Auchinhalrig, Dallachy, Bog-
moor, and Tugnet, in Banffshire. Its
length is nearly 6 miles, its greatest
breadth nearly 4 miles. Acres in Elgin-
shire, 4875; in Banffshire, 8337. Real
property in 1880-81, £3848 and £5631.
Pop., quoad civilia, 2365; quoad sacra,
2047. The river Spey bounds the west,
and the Moray Firth bounds the north.
The Spey here has, at different periods,
shifted much westward from its original
channel, and the land over which it has
receded forms a considerable portion of
the parochial area. Gordon Castle, a seat
of the Duke of Richmond, is a chief
feature. The old parochial church stood,

till 1797, about a mile north of Gordon
Castle, but the present parochial church,
and other places of worship, are in
Fochabers. A very fine free school,
erected in 1846, also is in Fochabers ; and
Bellie public school has about 176 scholars.

BELL ROCK, reef, with lighthouse, 12
miles south-by-east of Arbroath, Forfar-
shire. The lighthouse was erected in
1807-11, at a cost of £60,000, and shows a
revolving light visible at the distance of
15^ nautical miles.

BELLRORY, hill in Glentanner section
of Aboyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

BELLSHILL, town, 9 miles byroad south-
east of Glasgow. It prospers in connection
with the working of rich neighbouring
mines ; and it has a post office, with
money order depai'tment, under Glasgow,
a railway station, a banking office, a new
quoad sacra parish church, a Free church,
a United Presbyterian church, an Evangeli-
cal Union chapel, and a public school with
about 173 scholars. Pop. of the town, 2760 ;
of the quoad sacra parish, 3334.

BELLSHILL, MOTHERWELL, AND
WISHAW RAILWAY. This was projected
by an independent company ; it received
the sanction of the Standing Orders Com-
mittee in Jan. 1880, and it was designed to
strike from the North British at Bellshill
station, to traverse a rich mineral district
by way of Motherwell to Wishaw, and to
give direct communication thence with the
east of Glasgow.

BELLSIDE, station for Omoa, on Cleland
branch of Caledonian Railway, Lanark-
shire. An Established church near it was
projected in 1877.

BELLSMAINS, hamlet in Borthwick
parish, Edinburghshire.

BELLSQUARRY, village in Midcalder
parish, Edinburghshire. It has a public
school with about 96 scholars.

BELLSTOWN, hamlet in Methven parish,
Perthshire.

BELLWOOD, seat in Glencorse vale,
Edinburghshire.

BELLWOOD, seat on face of Kinnoul
Hill, fronting Perth.

BELLYCONE, village in Madderty parish,
Perthshire.

BELMADUTHY, seat of Sir Eyan
Mackenzie, Bart., in Knockbain parish,
Ross -shire.

BELMONT, seat near Corstorphine,
Edinburghshire.

BELMONT, seat near Uyeasound, Unst
Island, Shetland.

BELMONT CASTLE, seat of the Earl of
"YVh arn cliff e, near Meikle, Perthshire.

BELNABOTH, place, with ruined ancient
chapel, in Towie parish, Aberdeenshire.

BELNAGOAK, hill in Methlick parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BELRETIRO, seat on west side near
foot of Loch Lomond, Dumbartonshire.

BELSES, village, with railway station,
1\ miles north-north-east of Hawick,
Roxburghshire.

BEL

41

BEN

BELTON, old parish, now part of Dunbar
parish, Haddingtonshire.

BELTONFORD, hamlet in Dunbar parish,
Haddingtonshire.

BELTREES, hamlet in Lochwinnoch
parish, Renfrewshire.

BELTY, rivulet, running to the Dee, in
Banchory - Ternan parish, Kincardine-
shire.

BELVIDERE, seat on the Clyde in
eastern outskirts of Glasgow.

BEMERSYDE, estate, with old baronial
mansion, on the Tweed near Di'yburgh,
on south-west verge of Berwickshire.

BENABOURD, alpine mountain, 3924
feet high, one of the Cairngorms, Aber-
deenshire and Banffshire.

BENABOURD, lofty mountain in Glen-
orchy parish, Argyleshire.

BENACHALLY, mountain, 1694 feet high,
with magnificentview, 5 miles north-north-
east of Dunkeld, Perthshire.

BENACHASTLE, mountain, 2897 feet
high, 14 miles west of Killin, Perthshire.

BENACLEIDH, grand mountain on east
flank of Loch Awe, Argyleshire.

BEN AGH ARLAGAN , isolated mountain
in Fortingal parish, Perthshire.

BENAIGAN, bulky mountain, 1500 feet
high, flanking the Spey about 7 miles
south of Fochabers.

BENALDER, wild, precipitous moun-
tain-range, 3757 feet high, overhanging
Loch Ericht, on south-east border of
Inverness-shire.

BENALLIGIN, mountain, 3015 feet high,
overhanging Loch Torridon, in Ross-
shire.

BENANOIR, peaked mountain,- 2566 feet
high, one of the ' Paps of Jura,' in Jura
Island, Argyleshire.

BENARMINE, mountain, 2306 feet high,
at head of Strathnaver, Sutherland.

BENARTHUR, or COBBLER, mountain,
with fantastically outlined peak, 2863 feet
high, overhanging head of Loch Long,
Argyleshire.

BENATTOW, alpine mountain, 3383 feet
high, at head of Strath a ffrick, on mutual
border of Inverness-shire and Ross-shire.

BENAVEALLICH, mountain, 1936 feet
high, in Loth parish, Sutherland.

BENAVEN, alpine mountain, 3843 feet
high, one of the Cairngorms, Aberdeen-
shire and Banffshire.

BEN AW, mountain in Glenbucket parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BEN AWN, bare, bold, rocky mountain,
1800 feet high, overhanging north side of
foot of Loch Katrine, Perthshire.

BENBECULA, island, between North Uist
and South Uist, Outer Hebrides. It mea-
sures about 8 miles by 7 ; is all a low, flat,
intricate mixture of lands, marshes, lakes,
and bays, and has a Free church and a
Roman Catholic church. Pop. 1661.

BENBEOCH, mountain, with cave and
basaltic colonnades, in Dalmellington
parish, Ayrshire.

BENBLAVEN. See Blabhein.

BENBREAC, mountain, 2338 feet high,
in Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

BENBREAC, summit, 1482 feet high, in
north of Jura, Argyleshire.

BENBREAC, hill, 946 feet high, 5 miles
north-west of Poolewe, Ross-shire.

BENBUI, summit, 1797 feet high, on
east side of Strathnairn, Inverness-shire.

BENBUY, mountain, 2352 feet high, in
south-east of Mull, Argyleshire.

BENBUY, lofty mountain near head of
Glenshira, Argyleshire.

BENCAILLIACH, mountain, 2387 feet
high, adjacent to Kyle-Rhea, Isle of Skye.

BENCAIRN, hill, 1200 feet high, in
Rerrick parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BENCARRICK, mountain, 2848 feet high,
north of Glenstrae, Argyleshire.

BENCHALUIM, mountain, 3354 feet
high, 12 miles west-by-south of Killin,
Perthshire.

BENCHAPULL, mountain in Kilninver
parish, Areyleshire.

BENCHEILT, hill, 940 feet high, 4
miles north-west of Lybster, Caithness.

BENCHINNAN, mountain - range, 24
miles long and from 9 to 15 miles broad,
bordered by peaks 3180 and 3250 feet high,
cut by ravines and glens, and comprising
the section of Grampians within Forfar-
shire.

BENCHOAN, mountain, 3101 feet high,
4^ miles north of head of Loch Katrine,
Perthshire.

BENCHOCHAN, mountain on east side
of Loch Chon, Perthshire.

BENCHONZIE, mountain, 8048 feet
hieh, at head of Glenturret, Perthshire.

BENCLACHAN, mountain, 2028 feet
high, near Applecross village, Ross-shire.

BENCLEUGH, summit of the Ochils, 2352
feet high, 8 miles north-east of Stirling.

BENCLYBRIC, alpine eonical mountain,
3164 feet high, with very extensive view,
in almost exact centre of Sutherland.

BENCRUACHAN, peninsulated, massive
alpine mountain, 3670 feet high, with
magnificent view, between Loch Awe and
Loch Etive, Argyleshire.

BENCRUBEN, mountain, 1932 feet high,
on west side of Glentruim, Inverness-shire.

BENDEANAVAIG, lofty, remarkably-
outlined mountain, overhanging Loch
Portree, Isle of Skye.

BENDEARG, alpine mountain, 3304 feet
high, 8 miles north-by- west of Blair -
Athole village, Perthshire.

BENDEARG, alpine mountain, 3551 feet
high, near head of Loch Broom, Ross-shire.

BENDEARG, mountain -range on west
coast of Durness parish, Sutherland.

BENDHEICEACH, alpine mountain, 3074
feet high, 8^ miles west of Killin, Perth-
shire.

BENDOCHY, parish, with church, 2 miles
north-west of Coupar-Angus, Perthshire.
Its post town is Coupar-Angus. Acres,
9368. Real property in 1880-81, £12,075.
Pop., quoad civilia, 715; quoad sacra, 499.
The southern section, around the church,

BEN

42

BEN

is variously level, undulating, and hilly ;
and the northern one lies detached at from
8 to 13 miles to the north-west, is partly
a rable, and includes skirts of the Grampians.
The public school has about 52 scholars.

BENDONICH, mountain, 2774 feet high,
2J miles north-by-east of Lochgoilhead,
Argyleshire.

BENDORAN, mountain on east side of
Loch Tolla, Argyleshire.

BENDUAN, mountain on north side of
Strathdonan, Sutherland.

BENEADDAN, or BENYATTAN, moun-
tain, 2308 feet high, on south side of Loch
Sunart, Argyleshire.

BENEAGACH, mountain, 2259 feet high,
3 miles south of foot of Loch Tummel,
Perthshire.

BENEAGEEN. See Benaigan.

BENEAY, mountain, 6J miles south-west
of Kinlochewe, Ross-shire.

BENEIGEN, mountain on south side of
Loch Fannich, Ross-shire.

BENERAIRD, hill, 1435 feet high, in
Ballantrae parish, Ayrshire.

BENETHRA, mountain, 2003 feet high,
3 miles south-by-west of Stenscholl, Isle
of Skye.

BENEUNAICH, alpine mountain, 3242
feet high, on west side of Glenstrae,
Argyleshire.

BENEVACHART, mountain, about 3000
feet high, 10 miles west of Beauly, Inver-
ness-shire.

BENFAD, alpine mountain-range, with
pyramidal summits, in Glenshiel parish,
Boss-shire.

BENFHIONNLAIDH, alpine summit, 3149
feet high, on south side of upper part of
Glencreran, Argyleshire.

BENFILE, massive lofty mountain, with
white quartz peaks, on left side of head
of Loch Maree, Ross-shire.

BENFIN, summit of alpine range on
north side of Loch Fannich, Ross-shire.

BENGAIRN. See Bencairn.

BENGAL, village in Dryfesdale parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BENGLAMAIG, mountain on south side
of Loch Sligachan, Isle of Skye.

BENGLASS, mountain, overhanging
Glendouglas, near middle of west side of
Loch Lomond.

BENGLOE. See Benygloe.

BENGNUIS, mountain, 2597 feet high,
with tarn, on south side of Gleniorsa,
Arran Island, Buteshire.

BENGOBHLACH, mountain, 2074 feet
high, 4 miles west of Ullapool, Ross-shire.

BENGRIAM, mountain, 1935 feet high,
at meeting-point of Farr, Reay, and
Kildonan parishes, Sutherland.

BENHALLIVAL, mountain, with two
tabular summits, 1583 and 1527 feet high,
called Macleod's Tables, in Bracadale
parish, Isle of Skye.

BENHAR, village in Whitburn parish,
Linlithgowshire. Pop. 763. A church
for it and Harthill was erected in 1877,
and contains 660 sittings.

BENHEE, mountain, 2858 feet high, on
mutual border of Farr and Edderachyliis
parishes, Sutherland.

BENHEINISH, loftiest ground in Tyree
Island, Argyleshire.

BENHESKERNICH, alpine mountain,
3530 feet high, at head of south side of
Glenlyon, Perthshire.

BENHIANT, mountain, 1759 feet high,
on south side of Ardnamurchan peninsula,
Argyleshire.

BENHIEL, mountain on west side of
Loch Loyal, Sutherland.

BENHILL, hill-range, with extensive
view, in Ruthven parish, Banffshire.

BENHOLM, seaside parish, containing
Johnshaven town, in Kincardineshire.
Acres, 4891. Real property in 1880-81,
£8521. A belt of low, flat land lies along
the shore ; an ancient sea-beach bounds
that belt ; and a series of eminences,
with intervening dales, rises thence to
the inland boundary. Benholm Castle is
a well-preserved, ancient, strong baronial
fortalice. The churches are Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian ; and
there are 2 public schools, with about
155 scholars.

BENHOPE, massive alpine mountain,
3040 feet high, at east side of head of Loch
Hope, in Sutherland.

BENHORN, mountain, 1712 feet high, on
north side of Dunrobin glen, in Sutherland.

BENHUTIG, hill, 1340 feet high, adjacent
to Whitenhead, in Sutherland.

BENIMA, mountain, 3250 feet high,
in northern vicinity of Benarthur, at head
of Loch Long, Argyleshire.

BENINTURK, or BENTORC, mountain,
1491 feet high, near centre of Kintyre,
Argyleshire.

BENKETLAN, beautifully outlined lofty
mountain, in Ardchattan parish, Argyle-
shire.

BENKILLY, mountain, 2152 feet high,
on north-west side of Loch Linnhe, Argyle-
shire.

BENKLIBRECK. See Benclybric.

BENLAGA, mountain on north of Loch
Sunart, Argyleshire.

BENLAIR, massive lofty mountain over-
hanging north side of lower part of Loch
Maree, in Ross-shire.

BENLAOGHILL. See Benloyal.

BENLAOIDH, or BENLOY, alpine
mountain, with peaked summit 3708 feet
high, 6 miles east-south-east of Dalmally,
Argyleshire.

BENLAWERS, broad-based, grandly out-
lined, cone-capped, alpine mountain, 3984
feet high, with magnificent extensive view,
on north-west side of Loch Tay, Perth-
shire.

BENLEATHAN, mountain, 2312 feet
high, 3 miles south of Killin, Perthshire.

BENLEDI, broad-based mountain, 2875
feet high, with tarn, and with gorgeous
view, in west-north-western vicinity of
Callander, Perthshire.

BENLEVEN, peninsulated district,

BEN

43

BEN

between Loch Lomond and river Leven
on the one side, and Loch Long and
Gareloch on the other, Dumbartonshire.

BENLIGA, mountain in Stobo parish,
Peeblesshire.

BENLOCHAIN, mountain, 2306 feet high,
2h miles west-by-south of Lochgoilhead,
Argyleshire.

BENLOMOND, massive alpine mountain,
ascending slowly from the south, breaking-
down precipitously on the north, culmi-
nating at 3912 feet above sea-level, and
commanding a most extensive and
magnificent view, on east side of upper
part of Loch Lomond, Stirlingshire.

BENLOY. See Benlaoidh.

BENLOYAL, picturesque mountain, with
splintered summit 2505 feet high, on west
side of Loch Loyal, in Sutherland.

BENLUNDIE, hill, 1154 feet high, near
Golspie, in Sutherland.

BENMACDHU, loftiest of the Cairngorm
Mountains, with summit 4296 feet high,
at 12 miles north-west of Castleton-
Braemar, Aberdeenshire.

BENMAIGH. See Benbuy, Mull Island.

BENMEAN, mountain in Morvern parish,
Argyleshire.

BENMORE, alpine double-coned moun-
tain, 3843 feet high, on south side of upper
part of Glendochart, Perthshire.

BENMORE, massive alpine mountain,
extending from Loch - na - Keal to Loch
Scriden, and culminating at 3172 feet
above sea-level, in Mull Island, Argyleshire.

BENMORE, grand alpine mountain, with
summit 3281 feet high, at 4J miles east-
south-east of head of Loch Assynt, Suther-
land.

BENMORE, alpine mountain-range, with
pyramidal summits, in Glenshiel parish,
Boss-shire.

BENMORE, mountain, 1 2038 feet high,
in middle of east coast of South Uist
Island, Outer Hebrides.

BENMORE, remarkably outlined moun-
tain, 6| miles north-west of Ullapool,
Boss-shire.

BENMORE, steep, lofty mountain, over-
hanging Glenmassan, Gleneachaig, and
Loch Eck, in Cowal, Argyleshire.

BENMORE, notable mountain in Lochs
parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

BENMORE, mountain, 2367 feet high, in
Bum Island, Inner Hebrides.

BENNABUIRD. See Bexaboukd.

BENNACALLIOCH, peaked mountain,
near Broadford, Isle of Skye.

BENNACHIE, summit, 1619 feet high,
with Caledonian stone circle, 3 miles
south of Oyne, Aberdeenshire.

BENNAMAIN, one of the Cairngorms, in
north-eastern vicinity of Benmacdhu.

BENNAN, hill, 920 feet high, 6^ miles
south-east of Maybole, Ayrshire.

BENNAN, headland terminating Struey
cliffs, Arran Island, Buteshire.

BENNAVROCHAN, one of the Cairn-
gorms, 3795 feet high, in southern vicinity
of Cairn+.oul.

BENNETSTON, village in Polmont parish,
Stirlingshire.

BENNEVIS, loftiest mountain in Great
Britain. It rises abruptly from low ground
adjacent to Fort -William, Inverness-shire ;
attains an altitude of 4406 feet ; com-
mands a sublime extensive view ;
discharges into Nevis river a waterfall
thought by many persons to be finer than
the Falls of Foyers ; and is skirted round
the base, up Glennevis, by a public
carriage drive formed in 1880.

BENNEWE, flat-topped mountain, with
extensive view, in Strathdon parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BENNUIS. See Bengnuis.

BENOCHY, seat near Kirkcaldy, Fife.

BENOCHY, Aberdeenshire. See Ben-
nachie.

BENRAH, hill, 780 feet high, 11 miles
west-south-west of Thurso, Caithness.

BENREITHE, summit of Argyle's Bowl-
ing-green, Argyleshire. Its height is 2141
feet.

BENRESIPOL, mountain, 2792 feet high,
5 miles west-north-west of Strontian,
Argyleshire.

BENRINNES, massive mountain, 2747
feet high, with extensive view, in
southern vicinity of Aberlour, Banffshire.

BENROSSAL, mountain on east side of
upper part of Strathnaver, Sutherland.

BENRUADH, mountain, 2178 feet high,
on east side of lower part of Lock Eck,
Argyleshire.

BENSCARBA, summit, 1490 feet high,
in Scarba Island, Argyleshire.

BENSCARRACH, mountain, 8 miles
west-north -west of Lairg, in Sutherland.

BENSCREEL, mountain, 3196 feet high,
on north side of Loch Hourn, Inverness-
shire.

BENSHALGS, small lake in Knockando
parish, Elginshire.

BENSLEY. village in Kilwinning parish,
Ayrshire. Pop. 318.

BENSMEORALE, mountain, 6 miles
north-north-west of Brora, in Sutherland.

BENSPIONNA, mountain, 2535 feet high,
on west side of upper part of Loch Eriboll,
in Sutherland.

BENSTACK, pyramidal mountain, 2364
feet high, overhanging Loch Stack, in
Edderachyllis parish, Sutherland.

BENSTARIVE, stern, massive mountain,
3541 feet high, on east side of upper part
of Loch Etive, Argyleshire.

BENSTOMINO, mountain on east side of
Loch Loyal, in Sutherland.

BENSTROME, mountain, 3 miles south
of Benstack, in Sutherland.

BENT, place in Lesmahagow parish,
Lanarkshire. It has a public school with
about 105 scholars.

BENTARSEN, mountain, 2149 feet high,
on north side of head of Glenfruin, Dum-
bartonshire.

BENTOAIG, mountain, 2712 feet high, 2
miles north-west of Loch Tolla, Glenorchy,
Argyleshire.

BEN

44

BER

BENTORC. See Benintukk.

BENTRILLEACHAN, mountain, 2752
feet high, on west side of upper part of
Loch Etive, Argyleshire.

BENTS, railway station, 4f miles south
of Bathgate, Linlithgowshire.

BENTS, seat in West Calder parish,
Edinburghshire.

BENTS, affluent of the Don, at eastern
boundary of Alford parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

BENUAIG, hill, 1320 feet high, at head
of Loch-na-Keal, in Mull Island, Argyle-
shire.

BENUAISH. See Benwyvis.

BENUARIE, mountain, 1923 feet high,
8 miles west of Helmsdale, in Sutherland.

BENULAR, mountain, \\ miles south-
west of Lochgoilhead, Argyleshire.

BENULAY, alpine mountain in Kintail
parish, Boss-shire.

BENUNA, mountain on south-west side
of Glencroe, Argyleshire.

BENURANMORE and BENURANBEG,
mountains, 3427 and 3011 feet high, on
north-east verge of Blair-Athole parish,
contiguous to Aberdeenshire.

BENUSHINISH, mountain in Lochs
parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

BENVADDA, mountain in north-western
vicinity of Bengriam, Sutherland.

BENVALLA, mountain in Stobo parish,
Peeblesshire.

BENVAN, mountain, with fine view, in
Kilmartin parish, Argyleshire.

BENVAREN, mountain, 2345 feet high,
in north-west of Arran Island, Buteshire.

BENVEEDAN, massive alpine mountain,
in Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

BENVENUE, mountain, 2386 feet high,
overhanging south side of Loch Katrine,
Perthshire.

BENVIE, village and old parish, an-
nexed to Liff, on south-west border of For-
farshire.

BENVIGORY, hill, scene of sanguinary
fight between the Macdonalds and the
Macleans, on east side of Islay Island,
Argyleshire.

BENVOIRLICH, mountain, 3224 feet
high, with extensive magnificent view,
3 miles south of middle of Loch Earn,
Perthshire.

BENVOIRLICH, mountain, 3091 feet
high, overhanging Loch Sloy, near head of
Loch Lomond, Dumbartonshire.

BENVOLLICH, mountain, 5 miles north
of middle of Loch Rannoch, Perthshire.

BENVRACKY, mountain, 2757 feet high,
with splendid view, adjacent to east side
of Killiecrankie Pass, Perthshire.

BENVRAGIE, hill, 1384 feet high,
crowned by colossal statue, near Golspie,
Sutherland.

BENVRAICK, summit, 1922 feet high,
5 miles north -north-west of Drymen,
Stirlingshire.

BENVUI, hill in Eigg Island, Inner
Hebrides.

BENVUROCK, mountain, 2961 feet high,

in east-south-eastern vicinity of Benygloe,
Perthshire.

BENWHAT, hill and village, 3 miles north
of Dalmellington, Ayrshire. Pop. 772.

BENWYVIS, huge-based, broad-shoul-
dered, lumpish mountain, culminating at
3426 feet, 8 miles north-west of Dingwall,
in Ross-shire, and commanding a sublime
view.

BENYASH, lofty hill, in north-west of
Ardnamurchan peninsula, Argyleshire.

BENYATTAN. See Beneadden.

BENYGLOE, huge-based, four-summited
mountain, with extreme altitude of 3671
feet, on left flank of Glentilt, Perth-
shire.

BEOCH, place on east side of Loch Ryan,
4 miles north-north-e^st of Stranraer,
"Wigtonshire.

BEORAIK, lake in east of Arasaig dis-
trict, Inverness-shire.

BERBETH, seat on the Doon, 2 miles
south of Dalmellington, Ayrshire.

BERIGONIUM, site of alleged ancient
capital of Dalriada, on the coast, 6 miles
north-north-east of Oban, Argyleshire.
The place is now called Dunmacsniachan,
and contains only such vestiges as seem to
indicate its having been the site of a small
Scandinavian settlement.

BERNARDS (ST.), quoad sacra parish,
with Established and Free churches, in
north of New Town, Edinburgh. Pop. 5682.

BERNARDS (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Glasgow. Pop. 11,176.

BERNERA, island in south side of Loch
Roag, west coast of Lewis, Outer Hebrides.
It measures about 8 miles by 2, is sur-
rounded by numerous islets, one of them
called Little Bernera, and contains the
largest group of ancient standing stones in
Great Britain. Pop. 596.

BERNERA, island in Harris Sound, near
northern extremity of North Uist, Outer
Hebrides. It measures about 3j miles by
2, and has a quoad sacra parochial church.
Pop. 452.

BERNERA, island at southern extremity
of Outer Hebrides. It measures about 1
mile by f , and rises from cliffs to a height
of about 500 feet. Pop. 57.

BERNISDALE, place in Snizort parish,
Isle of Skye. It has a public school with
about 117 scholars.

BERNORY, coast rock, with 3 caves, in
Orphir parish, Orkney.

BERRIEDALE, rivulet, village, castle,
and quoad sacra parish on south border of
Caithness. The rivulet rises among Mor-
vern Mountains, and runs about 16 miles
eastward and south-eastward to the sea,
near north base of the Ord. — The village
stands in a gorge at the rivulet's mouth,
9 J miles north-east of Helmsdale ; has a
post office under Golspie, an Established
church, and a Free church, and gives the
title of baron to the Earl of Caithness. —
The castle stands adjacent to the village,
and is a ruined old baronial fortalice.
Pop. of the parish, 1184.

BER

45

BIG

BERRYHEAD, grand rocky promontory
at south end of Walls, Orkney.

BERRYHILL, place in Cainbusnethan
parish, Lanarkshire. It has a public
school with about 256 scholars.

BERRYHILL, seat, 2 miles west of Peter-
head, Aberdeenshire.

BERRYHILL, estate in Kilsyth parish,
Stirlingshire.

BERRYKNOWE, seat near south-western
outskirts of Glasgow.

BERTHA, site of ancient town, on
quondam Roman road, at influx of the
Almond to the Tay, 2 miles north of Perth.

BERTRAM-SHOTTS. See Shotts.

BERVIE, rivulet, town, and parish in
Kincardineshire. The rivulet runs curv-
ingly about 12 miles eastward to the sea.
— The town stands on the right side of the
rivulet's mouth, at terminus of Montrose
and Bervie Railway ; ranks as a royal and
parliamentary burgh, grouped with Mon-
trose, Arbroath, Brechin, and Forfar ; and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Fordoun,
2 banking offices, a modern town hall, a
public hall of 1876, Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian churches, and a
public school with about 79 scholars.
Real property in 1880-81, £2877. Pop.
1095. — The parish contains also the
village of Gourdon, and comprises 2332
acres. Real property of landward part in
1880-81, £3746. Pop. 2107. The surface
ascends gradually inland, but has two
nearly parallel hill-ridges. There are 2
public schools for 351 scholars, and 1 of
them, for 170, is new.

BERVIE BROW, bold promontory at left
side of mouth of Bervie rivulet, Kincar-
dineshire.

BERWICK (NORTH), town and parish on
north coast of Haddingtonshire. The
town stands at terminus of branch railway
amid charming environs, adjacent to fine
beach and golfing links, 22} miles east-
north-east of Edinburgh ; is a royal burgh,
a nominal seaport, and a fashionable
watering-place ; unites with Haddington,
Dunbar, Jedburgh, and Lauder in sending
a member to Parliament ; consists chiefly
of 2 streets, at nearly right angles with
each other ; and has a head post office
with all departments, 2 banking offices, 2
hotels, 2 private hotels, a town hall pro-
jected in 1872, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, and Episcopalian churches,
a public school with about 266 scholars,
and some remains of an ancient nunnery,
celebrated in Sir Walter Scott's Marmion.
Real property in 1880-81, £9271. Pop.
1398. — The parish includes Tantallon
Castle and the Bass, and measures on the
mainland about 3g miles by 3. Acres,
5067. Real property of landward part in
18S0-81,t £17,511. Pop. of the whole,
2688. North Berwick Law, in southern
vicinity of the town, is an embellished,
conical hill, 612 feet high, and commands
an exquisite panoramic view. Xorth

Berwick or Leucine House, east-south-east
of the Law, is the seat of Sir Hew H.

' Dalrymple, Bart. The coast of the parish
is rocky and indented, the interior is
richly cultivated, and the southern dis-
trict is crossed by a picturesque range of
trap rocks. There are 1 schools for 482
scholars, and 1 of them, for 400, is new.

BERWICKSHIRE, county in extreme
south-east of Scotland. Its boundary, on
the north, is a line through the centre of
the Lammermoor Hills ; on the east, the
German Ocean ; on the south, an artificial
line of 4^ miles, and the river Tweed,
dividing it from England ; on the west,
partly the river Leader, and partly an
artificial line dividing it from Roxburgh-

! shire and Edinburghshire. Its greatest

I length is 34 miles ; its greatest breadth,
21 miles ; its coast line, about 22 mdes ;
its area, 464 square mdes. The Lammer-
moor Hills, to the average breadth of
about 7 miles, occupy all the north ; a
diversified tract of hill, dale, and ravine,
about 5| miles in mean breadth, faced
mostly with high, rocky, precipitous
coast, forms all the east ; the Merse, a
diversified luxuriant champaign, occupies
all the south ; and Lauderdale, partly vale

j and partly hilly, forms the west. The
rocks are chiefly Silurian and devonian,
and the soils are exceedingly various.
The chief rivers, besides the Tweed and
the Leader, are the Whitadder and the
Blackadder ; and the smaller streams of
any note are the Eye, the Dye, the Ale,
and the Leet. Agriculture is in prime
condition, and fisheries are important, but
manufactures are of small amount. The
towns with each between 2000 and 3000
inhabitants are Dunse and Eyemouth ;
the towns with each between 1000 and
2000 inhabitants are Coldstream, Earlston,
and Lauder ; and the towns or villages
with each between 300 and 900 inhabitants
are Greenlaw, Chirnside. Ayton, Colding-
ham, Gordon, Leitholm, Paxton, Swinton,
and Burnmouth. Real property in 1880-81,
£355,123. Pop. in 1S71, 36,486 ; in 1881,
35,383.

BETHELNIE, hill, with traces of Roman
camp, 4 miles north-west of Old Meldrum,
Aberdeenshire.

BETTYHILL, place at foot of Strath-
naver, Sutherland.

BEVELAW, water - reservoir and old
royal hunting-seat on the Pentlands, 5
I miles north-west of Penicuick, Edinburgh-
l shire.

BIEL. See Beil.

BIELDSIDE, seat in Peterculter parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BIGGA, island, about 2^- miles long, in
Yell Sound, Shetland.

BIGGAR, rivulet of Lanarkshire and
Peeblesshire, and town and parish on
south-east border of Lanarkshire. The
rivulet runs about 4 miles southward, and
5 miles eastward to the Tweed, at Sh miles
south-west of Peebles.— The town stanus-

BIG

46

BIR

on the rivulet, 15f miles west-south-west
of Peebles ; consists of 2 parts, ancient
and modern ; was the scene of a battle
between Sir "William Wallace and the
English ; and has a head post office with all
departments, a railway station, 3 banking
offices, 3 chief inns, a large ancient moat,
a good bridge of 1873, a cruciform parochial
church of 1545. a handsome United Presby-
terian church of 1878, and 3 public schools
with about 343 scholars. Pop. 1556. —
The parish is 6h miles long, and comprises
7272 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£14,445. Pop. 2128. The surface is partly
hilly, and partly portion of a dingle
extending from the Clyde to the Tweed.
The seats are Biggar Park, Cambus-
Wallace, Edmonston, and Carwood.

BIGHOUSE, seat on Halladale water,
near Melvich village, Sutherland.

BIGHOUSE, seat in Edrom parish, Ber-
wickshire.

BILBSTER, burn and seat in Wick
parish, Caithness.

BILLHOLM, seat in Westerkirk parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BILLY CASTLE, fragment of strong
ancient fortress, which figured much in
the Border wars, 2 miles north of Chirn-
side, Berwickshire. Billy Mire, around it,
was a morass which afforded it great
defence, and gave name to an international
truce, but is now drained and cultivated.

BILLYNESS, headland at Anstruther
Bay, Fife.

BILSDEAN, hamlet in Oldham stocks
parish, Haddingtonshire.

BIMAR, skerry, with beacon, f mile
south-west of North Queensferry, Fife.

BINCHINNAN. See Benchinnan.

BINEND, small lake in Eaglesham parish,
Renfrewshire.

BINGHILL, seat in Peterculter parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BINGRY. See Ballinory.

BINN, abrupt, bare, lofty hill, over-
looking Firth of Forth, in Burntisland
parish, Fife.

BINN, conical, conspicuous hill, 1048
feet high, 2 miles south-west of Cullen,
Banffshire.

BINNANS, hill, with precipitous face
and grand view, on the coast between
Greenock and Gourock, Renfrewshire.

BINNIE, place, with famous sandstone
quarry, in Uphall parish, Linlithgow-
shire.

BINNIEHILL, village in Slamannan
parish, Stirlingshire. Pop. 434.

BINNING, old parish, now part of
Linlithgow parish, Linlithgowshire. It
gives the title of baron to the Earl of
Haddington.

BINNS, seat of Sir Robert A. O. Dalyell,
Bart., in Abercorn parish, Linlithgow-
shire.

BINRAM'S CROSS, small stone - capped
mound, alleged to be the tomb of a
notorious clerical necromancer, on west side
of St. Mary's Loch, Selkirkshire.

BINSNESS, estate in Dyke parish, Elgin-
shire.

BIRD, headland at south side of mouth
of Loch Goil, Argyleshire.

BIRDSTONE, village in Campsie parish,
Stirlingshire.

BIRGHAM, village on the Tweed, 3£
miles west - by - south of Coldstream,
Berwickshire. It has a post office under
Coldstream, and a public school with
about 67 scholars.

BIRKHALL, royal seat within Balmoral
demesne, Aberdeenshire.

BIRKHILL, village in Liff parish, Forfar-
shire. Pop. 177.

BIRKHILL, seat in Balmerino parish,
Fife.

BIRKHILL, small inn, amid high moors,
notable in the history of the Covenanters,
4^ miles south-south-west of the head of
St. Mary's Loch, Selkirkshire.

BIRKHILLSIDE, seat in Legerwood
parish, Berwickshire.

BIRKWOOD, seat near Lesmahagow,
Lanarkshire.

BIRLEYHILL, place in Durrisdeer parish,
Dumfriesshire. It has a public school with
about 90 scholars.

BIRNAM, hill, pass, and village, near
Dunkeld, Perthshire. The hill adjoins
right bank of the Tay, 2^ miles south of
Dunkeld ; is traversed, on a terrace-line
round its east skirts, by the Highland
Railway ; has a height of 1324 feet above
sea-level ; commands a very striking view ;
figures notably in Shakespeare's story of
Macbeth ; and retains vestiges of King
Duncan's residence, and of a vitrified fort.
— The pass is a gorge traversed by the Tay
at east end of the hill, and is frequently
called the Mouth of the Highlands. — The
village stands at Dunkeld railway station,
15£ miles north-north-west of Perth ; is
recent, well-edificed, and picturesque ; and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Dunkeld, a
very large and ornate hotel, and a Gothic
Episcopalian church. Pop. 268.

BIRNESS, place, 6 miles from Ellon,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Ellon.

BIRNIE, parish on the Lossie, averagely
4 miles south-south- west of Elgin. Post
town, Elgin. Length, 7 miles. Acres,
6777. Real property in 1880-81, £2770.
Pop. 367. The surface is uneven, and
rises from about 50 to 1000 feet above sea-
level. A spot, formerly called Castlehill,
was probably the site of the residence of
the earliest Bishops of Moray. The public
school has about 85 scholars.

BIRNS, affluent of the Tyne, between
Pencaitland and Salton parishes, Hadding-
tonshire.

BIRRENS, large well-preserved Roman
camp, 1J mile east-north-east of Eccle-
fechan, Dumfriesshire.

BIRSAY and HARRAY, united parish
in north-west of Pomona, Orkney. Birsay
includes about 8 miles of coast, mostly

BIR

47

BLA

bold and rocky ; measures about 8 miles by
5 ; is partly hilly, partly rich arable land ;
and has a post office under Kirkwall.
Harray extends inland and southwards
from the south-east of Birsay ; measures
about 6 miles by 4 ; is mostly flat, and
somewhat swampy ; and has a post office
under Stromness. Real property of the
united parish in 1880-81, £3651. Pop.
2326. Birsay contains a ruined magni-
ficent palace of the Earls and Bishops of
Orkney ; contains also many ancient stand-
ing stones and Picts' houses ; includes a
peninsulated tract, with traces of ancient
fortification ; and in 1876 was constituted a
separate parish quoad sacra. Its church
was renovated in 1867, and contains 500
sittings. Other churches are Harray
parochial, Birsay Free, and Harray and
Sandwick Free. There are 4 schools
for 384 scholars, and 3 of them and
class-room for 324 are new.

BIRSE, parish immediately south-east of
Aboyne, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Aberdeen. Its length is fully
9 miles ; its breadth fully 7 miles ; its area,
31,219 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£7005. Pop. 1093. The surface extends
from the Dee to a watershed of the Gram-
pians ; is hilly and mountainous, and
comprises only about 3360 acres of arable
land. The chief residences are Finzean
and Ballogie. The parochial church con-
tains about 500 sittings, and a Roman
Catholic chapel at Ballogie is small. There
are 3 schools, with accommodation for
196 scholars.

BIRSLEY, historical place, with coal
mines, in Tranent parish, Haddingtonshire.

BIRTHWOOD, seat in Culter parish,

BISHOPBRIGGS, village,. miles north-
east of Glasgow. It has a post office under
Glasgow, a railway station, a Free church,
and a public school with about 94 scholars.
Pop. 832.

BISHOPMILL, suburb of Elgin. Pop. 1196.

BISHOP'S LOCH, small lake in Cadder
and Old Monkland parishes, Lanarkshire.

BISHOP'S LOCH, small lake in the south
of New Machar parish, Aberdeenshire.

BISHOPTON, village, mansion, and hill-
ridge in Renfrewshire. The village stands
5| miles north-west of Paisley, and has
a post office under Glasgow, a railway
station, and a public school with about
50 scholars. Pop. 280. — The mansion
stands on the adjacent hill-side, commands
a charming view, and was once the rural
seat of the Archbishop of Glasgow. — The
hill-ridge separates the Clyde from the
low land of Gryfesdale, and is pierced by
a long tunnel of the Glasgow and Greenock
Railway.

BIXTER, voe or bay in Sandsting parish,
Shetland.

BIZZYBERRY, lofty hill in Biggar parish,
Lanarkshire.

BLABHEIN, wild, fissured, pinnacled
mountain-ridge, with extreme height of

3019 feet, and with sublime view, between
Loch Slappin and Loch Scavaig, in south-
east of Isle of Skye.

BLACKADDER, river, running about 20
miles eastward to the "Whitadder, near
Allanton, Berwickshire.

BLACKADDER HOUSE, seat of Sir
George A. F. H. Boswell, Bart., in Edrom
parish, Berwickshire.

BLACKBRAES, village in Muiravonside
parish, Stirlingshire. It has a public school
with about 226 scholars. Pop. 387.

BLACKBURN, village, 2| miles south of
Bathgate, Linlithgowshire. It has a post
office under Bathgate, and a public school
with about 159 scholars. Pop. 790.

BLACKBURN, village about 2 miles
south-east of Kintore, Aberdeenshire. It
has a post office under Aberdeen, and a
Free church.

BLACK BURN, rivulet, making 3 great
cascades, and entering the Liddel near
Newcastleton, Roxburghshire.

BLACK BURN, rivulet, running to the
North Esk, in Mary kirk parish, Kincar-
dineshire.

BLACK BURN, rivulet, running to Loch
of Drum, Aberdeenshire.

BLACK CART, rivulet, running 9 miles
north - eastward into confluence with
White Cart, 2^ miles north of Paisley,
Renfrewshire.

BLACK CAVE, great cavern in Struey
rocks, on south coast of Arran Island,
Buteshire.

BLACKCRAIG, village in Minnigaff
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BLACK CRAIG, mountain, 2298 feet
high, in New Cumnock parish, Ayrshire.

BLACK CRAIG, mountain in Port of
Menteith parish, Perthshire.

BLACK CRAIG, hill, with grand view,
in Creich parish, Fife.

BLACKDEAN, hill, 1642 feet high, U
miles south-east of Morebattle, Roxburgh-
shire.

BLACK DEE, river, running about 18
miles south-eastward into confluence with
the Ken, to form the Dee, in Kirkcud-
brightshire.

BLACK ESK, head-stream of the Esk,
in Eskdalemuir parish, Dumfriesshire.

BLACKFAULDS, seat near Rutherglen,
Lanarkshire.

BLACKFORD, village and parish in
south-east of Perthshire. The village
stands 10 miles north-east of Dunblane,
and has a post office, with money order
department, under Braco, a railway station,
a banking office, a hotel, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 116 scholars. Pop. 679. — The parish
is about 10 miles long and 5 broad, and
comprises 21,453 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £17,588. Pop. 1595. The river
Earn bounds the north, Devon water the
south, and the Madrany, the Ruthven,
and the Allan traverse parts of the
interior. The northern district is rich,
well-cultivated strath ; the middle district

BLA

48

BLA

comprises Tullibardine glen and moor ;
and the southern district is part of the
Ochil Hills. There are 3 public schools
for 231 scholars.

BLACKFORD, hill in southern environs
of Edinburgh, with fine view of that city.

BLACKFRIARS. See Andrews (St.),
Ayr, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Perth,
Stirling, and "VVigton.

BLACKHALL, village, 2\ miles west-by-
north of Edinburgh. It has a post office
under Edinburgh.

BLACKHALL, railway station, 3f miles
north-east of Morningside, Lanarkshire.

BLACKHALL, roofless, strong, ancient
baronial mansion, in the south-east en-
virons of Paisley, Renfrewshire.

BLACKHALL, seat near Banchory, Kin-
cardineshire.

BLACKHILL, quoad sacra parish near
Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Peterhead, a recently erected
church, and extensive granite quarries.
Pop. 867.

BLACKHILL, place on Monkland Canal,
2 miles east-north-east of Glasgow. The
canal here descends 96 feet by means of
double locks and an inclined plane.

BLACKHILLOCK, place in Keith parish,
Banffshire. It has a post office under
Keith.

BLACKHILLS, place in Skene parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BLACKHOPE, summit, 2136 feet high,
of Moorfoot Hills, on mutual border of
Edinburghshire and Peeblesshire.

BLACKHOUSE, ruined ancient fortalice,
the scene of the Douglas tragedy, in the
glen of Douglas Burn, and group of stern,
high mountains at head of that glen, in
Yarrow parish, Selkirkshire.

BLACK ISLE, peninsula between Cro-
marty Firth, Moray Firth, and Beauly
Loch, Ross-shire.

BLACK KNOWE, each of 3 mountains in
south-west of Selkirkshire.

BLACKLARG, mountain, 2231 feet high,
at meeting point of Ayrshire, Dumfries-
shire, and Kirkcudbrightshire.

BLACKLAW, place in Marnoch parish,
Banffshire. It has a public school with
about 159 scholars.

BLACKLAW, small hill, with rich, exten-
sive view, in Fowlis section of Lundie
parish, Forfarshire.

BLACK LOCH, small lake in Dumfries
parish, Dumfriesshire.

BLACK LOCH, small lake in Mearns
parish, Renfrewshire.

BLACK LOCH, small lake in Dunferm-
line parish, Fife.

BLACK LOCH, marshy lake in Blair-
gowrie parish, Perthshire.

BLACK LOCHS, 2 lakes, Great and
Little, in Slamannan parish, Stirlingshire.

BLACKMILL, bay in Luing Island,
Argyleshire.

BLACKMORE, hill, 1639 feet high, near
Dolphinton village, Lanarkshire.

BLACKNESS, village and castle on Firth

of Forth, 3 j miles north-east of Linlithgow.
The village was long the port of Linlithgow,
and had considerable commerce, but
eventually became a merely nominal port
and little else than a hamlet. — The castle
dates from ancient times, and succeeded a
previous pile ; was long regarded as one of
the government forts of Scotland ; passed
latterly into a state of desuetude ;
underwent transmutation, along with
erection of adjacent buildings, in 1871-73,
at a cost of about £10,000, in order to
become the central ammunition depot
of Scotland ; and was afterwards to be
adapted and enlarged by other alterations
and additional buildings.

BLACKPOTS, place in Boyndie parish,
Banffshire.

BLACK QUARTER, part of Inch parish,
formed in 1628 into Portpatrick parish,
Wigton shire.

BLACKRIDGE, village, miles west-
by-south of Bathgate, Linlithgowshire. It
has a post office under Bathgate, a Free
church preaching-station, and a public
school with about 46 scholars.

BLACK ROCK, lion-shaped hill, with
vitrified fort, overhanging head of Glen-
farigag, Inverness-shire.

BLACKROOT, hill, 4 miles south-east of
Galston, Ayrshire.

BLACKSBOAT, place, 8J miles south-
south-west of Aberlour, Banffshire. It
has a post office under Craigellachie, and
a railway station.

BLACKSHAW, village in Caerlaverock
parish, Dumfriesshire.

BLACKSHIELS, village near north base
of Soutra Hill, 15 miles south-east of
Edinburgh. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Edinburgh.

BLACKSIDE-END, hill, 1342 feet high,
with grand view, on north-east boundary
of Sorn parish, Ayrshire.

BLACK SPOUT, cascade of about 120
feet, on Edradour burn, near Pitlochrie,
Perthshire.

BLACKSTON, railway junction station,.
11 miles north-east of Airdrie, Lanark-
shire.

BLACKSTOUN, seat in Kilbarchan
parish, Renfrewshire.

BLACKSTOWN, village in Erskine parish,
Renfrewshire. Pop. 311.

BLACKWATER, affluent of the Ken,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

BLACKWATER, stream running to
Drimadown Bay, Arran Island, Buteshire.

BLACKWATER, head - stream of the
Ericht, Perthshire.

BLACKWATER, head - stream of the
Deveron, Banffshire.

BLACKWATER, head - stream of the
Conan, Ross-shire.

BLACKWATER, rivulet, confluent with
the Brora, Sutherland.

BLACKWOOD, seat and railway station
in Lesmahagow parish, Lanarkshire. See
also Southfield.

BLA

49

BLA

BLACKWOOD, seat and hill, with
delightful views, 5J miles south-south-
east of Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.

BLADENOCH, river and village in north-
east of "Wigtonshire. The river runs
about 24 miles south-south-eastward to
Wigton Bay, in vicinity of Wigton
town ; and the village stands on the
river about a mile south-west of the town,
and has a post office designated Bladenoch,
"Wigtonshire.

BLAINSLEE, village on north-east verge
of Melrose parish, Koxburghshire. It has
a public school with about 58 scholars.

BLAIR, any flat tract now or formerly
moss or heath. The name occurs princi-
pally as a prefix.

BLAIR, suburb of Dairy, Ayrshire. It
has public works, and is sometimes called
Blair Works.

BLAIR, seat in Carnock parish, Fife.

BLAIR AD AM, hamlet, 4^ miles south-
south-east of Kinross. It has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Kinross, and a railway
station. Blairadam House stands about a
mile to the west.

BLAIR- ATHOLE, village and parish in
Athole district, Perthshire. The village
stands 35J miles north - north - west of
Perth, and has a head post office with
money order and telegraph departments,
a railway station, a banking office, a
large ornate hotel, Established, Free,
and Baptist churches, and a public school
with about 163 scholars. — The parish
is about 27 miles long and 15 miles
broad, and comprises 181,114 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £21,051. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1742 ; quoad sacra, 1687.
Strathgarry, from Struan Point to Killie-
crankie Pass, is the mainly inhabited
portion ; Glentilt, Glenf endar, Glenerich-
i kie, and part of Strathtummel include
other portions of low ground ; nearly all
I the rest of the area is filled with the
Grampians ; and the whole has been
j summarily noticed in our article on
Athole. Blair Castle, the seat of the
l Duke of Athole, is a conspicuous feature ;
and Lude and Auchleeks are the chief
other residences. An Episcopalian church
is at Bridge of Tilt. There are 6 schools,
with accommodation for 358 scholars.

BLAIRBEG, place in Urquhart parish,
Inverness-shire. It has a public school
I with about 105 scholars.

BLAIR BETH, seat near Rutherglen,
Lanarkshire.

BLAIRBURN, village in Culross parish,
Perthshire.

BLAIR CASTLE, seat of the Duke of
Athole, near Blair- Athole village, Perth-
shire. It dates from old unrecorded time,
served long as a strong military post, was
r garrisoned by the Marquis of Montrose,
. stormed by Cromwell, occupied by
'| Claverhouse, and besieged by the rebels
in 1745 ; underwent transmutation into
the form of a mansion, in a manner to

retain a very plain appearance, was
inhabited for 3 weeks in 1845 by the
royal family, and began in 1872 to
undergo extensive architectural embellish-
ment.

BLAIR CASTLE, seat in Culross parish,
Perthshire.

BLAIRDAFF, place in Chapel of Garioch
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a chapel-of-
ease and a Free church.

BLAIRDERON, one of the Ochils, 2072
feet high, 5| miles east-by-north of Dun-
blane, Perthshire.

BLAIRDRUMMOND, estate, famous for
remarkable georgical improvement, in Kin-
cardine parish, Perthshire. It has a large
mansion, a fine park, a post office under
Stirling, and a public school.

BLAIRESSAN, place, believed to have
been a battle scene between the Romans
and the Caledonians, a little north of Kil-
learn village, Stirlingshire.

BLAIRFINDY, estate, with ruined noble
hunting-seat, in Inveraven parish, Banff-
shire.

BLAIRGOWRIE, town and parish in
north-east of Perthshire. The town stands
on river Ericht, at terminus of branch rail-
way, amid charming environs, 24J miles
north-east of Perth ; was only a mean
village at commencement of present cen-
tury, is now a flourishing seat of textile
manufactures ; publishes 2 weekly news-
papers, has a head post office with
all departments, 4 banking offices, 7
hotels, a town hall, 2 Established
churches, 2 Free churches, Congrega-
tional, Episcopalian, and Roman Catholic
churches, and a public school with about
687 scholars, and includes practically the
suburbs of New Rattray and Old Rattray.
Pop. of the town proper, 4537 ; of the
town and suburbs, 7070. — The parish
contains also Lornty village ; is intersected
for about 2 miles by other parishes, an^
measures, exclusive of the intersection,
about 9 miles in length. Acres, 15,303.
Real property in 1880-81, £26,378. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 5162 ; quoad sacra, 1624.
The surface partly lies within Strathmore,
partly extends northward thence to summits
of the Grampians, and is diversified by 5
water-courses and 6 lakes. The chief
seats are Blairgowrie House, Newton, and
Ardblair. There are 2 schools for 864
scholars, and 1 of them, for 726, is
new.

BLAIRINGONE, quoad sacra parish, with
village on the Devon, If mile east of
Dollar, Clackmannanshire. It has a post
office under Dollar, a small church, and a
public school with about 105 scholars.
Pop. 418.

BLAIRLOGIE, village, 3 miles east-
north-east of Stirling. It has a post office
under Stirling, and a United Presbyterian
church. Blairlogie Castle, in its vicinity,
is an old structure transmuted into a farm-
house.

BLAIRMAND, place in Boyndie parish,
D

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50

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Banffshire. It has a public school with
about 77 scholars.

BLAIRMORE, village on west side of
Loch Long, near the loch's mouth, Argyll-
shire. It is recent and well built, and it
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Greenock,
and a good steamboat pier. Pop. 244.

BLAIRMORE, hamlet in Kenmore parish,
Perthshire.

BLAIRQUHAN, seat of Sir Edward H.
Blair, Bart., in Kirkmichael parish, Ayr-
shire.

BLAIRS, estate, with Boman Catholic
college, on the Dee, 6 miles south-west of
Aberdeen.

BLAIRS, lake in Bafford parish, Elgin-
shire.

BLAIRVOCKIE, seat on east side of Loch
Lomond, Stirlingshire.

BLALOWNE, seat near Cupar, Fife.

BLANE, small river, making a series of
cascades among the Lennox Hills, running
thence north-westward to the Endrick,
and giving the name of Strathblane to its
basin in Stirlingshire.

BLANEFIELD, village 3 miles south-east
of Killearn, Stirlingshire. It has a post
office, with money order department, under
Glasgow, and a railway station. Pop.
169.

BLANE'S CHAPEL (ST.), ruined ancient
church in Kingarth parish, Bute Island,
Buteshire.

BLANE VALLEY RAILWAY, 8J miles long,
from North British system at Lennoxtown
down the course of Blane river. It was
opened for goods in 1866, for passengers in
1867, and an extension of it, nearly 3 miles
long, into junction with the Forth and
Clyde Bailway, was promoted in 1880.

BLANTYRE, 2 villages, town, and par-
ish, in north-west of Lanarkshire. Low
Blantyre village stands about 1^ mile from
the Clyde, 8 miles south-east of Glasgow,
and has a parochial church with 800 sittings,
and a public school with about 259 scholars.
Pop. 698. — High Blantyre village stands
near the north-western environs of Hamil-
ton, and has a post office, with money order
department, under Glasgow, a station on
the Hamilton and Strathaven Bailway, and
a public school with about 277 scholars. —
Blantyre station is on Glasgow and Hamil-
ton branch of Caledonian Railway, 8 miles
from Glasgow, and has a post office under
Glasgow. — Blantyre "Works town stands
near that station, adjacent to the Clyde ;
is a remarkably neat and clean seat of
cotton manufacture ; has a banking office,
a masonic hall of 1878, a United Presby-
terian memorial church to the African
explorer Dr. Livingstone, projected in
1881, and a suspension bridge ; and was
the place where Dr. Livingstone spent
some years as a juvenile factory-worker.
Pop. 1849. — The parish contains also the
villages of Barnhill, Stonefield, Hunthill,
Auchinraith, and Auchintibber ; gives the
peerage title of baron to the family of

Stuart ; and is about & miles long, but
comparatively narrow. Acres, 3954. Beal
property in 1880-81, £38,081. Pop. 9760.
The surface is low, and mostly level.
Blantyre Priory, founded by Alexander II.,
and now a tottering ruin, crowns a lofty
rock contiguous to the Clyde. The
churches, besides the parochial, are Free
and United Presbyterian. There are 2
public schools for 800 scholars, and both
of them are new.

BLAROUR, place in Kilmonivaig parish,
Inverness-shire. It has a public school with
about 95 scholars.

BLAVALIG, hills, 5 miles north-east of
Pitlochrie, Perthshire.

BLAVEN. See Blabhein.

BLEBO, village in Kemback parish, Fife.
Pop. 217.

BLELACK,seat in Logie-Coldstone parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BLERVIE,seat,with remains of old castle,
in Bafford parish, Elginshire.

BLINKBONNY, section of Slamannan
village, in Slamannan parish, Stirling-
shire. Pop. 255.

BLINKBONNY, hill in Nenthorn parish,
Berwickshire.

BLOODY, bay, where was a sea fight in
1480, near Tobermory, Mull Island, Argyle-
shire.

BLOODY, creek at south end of Iona
Island, Argyleshire.

BLOOMHILL, seat in Cardross parish,
Dumbartonshire.

BLUE-MULL, or BLUMEL, sound between
Yell and Unst Islands, Shetland.

BLUE-ROW, hamlet in New Kilpatrick
parish, Dumbartonshire.

BLUEVALE, quoad sacra parish in north-
east of Glasgow. Pop. 3635.

BLYTHE BRIDGE, place, 3 miles from
Dolphinton, with post office under that
village, Lanarkshire.

BLYTHSWOOD, seat on peninsula be-
tween the Clyde and the Cart, Renfrew-
shire.

BLYTHSWOOD, quoad sacra parish and
registration district, with square, about ^
mile west of Royal Exchange, Glasgow. Pop.
of the parish, 5950 : of the district, 30,463.

BOARHILLS, village on the coast, 4
miles east-south-east of St. Andrews,
Fife. It has a post office under St.
Andrews.

BOATGREEN, harbour of Gatehouse,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

BOATH, place in Alness parish, Ross-
shire. It has a public school with about
43 scholars.

BOATH, seat of Sir James A. Dunbar,
Bart., near Auldearn, Nairnshire.

BOATH, hill in Carmylie parish, Forfar-
shire.

BOAT OF BRIDGE, place on the Spey,
in Boharm parish, Banffshire.

BOAT OF GARTEN, place, 16f miles
north-north-east of Kingussie, Inverness-
shire. It has a post office under Carr
Bridge, and a railway station.

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5

1

BON

BOAT OF INCH, place, with railway-
station, 5j£ miles north-east of Kingussie,
Inverness-shire.

BOCHASTLE, ridge, about 300 feet high,
in western vicinity of Callander, Perth-
shire. It has remains of an ancient
Caledonian fort, and it was assumed by
.Sir Walter Scott to be the site of a Roman
camp.

BOCHLE, high hill, bisecting Glenlivet
Valley, , Banffshire.

BODDAM, fishing town, 3 miles south
of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. It has a
post office under Peterhead, a chapel-of-
ease, and a public school with about 280
scholars. Pop. 1117. Boddam Castle, on
a neighbouring headland, adjacent to
Buchanness, is a ruined strong seat of the
Earls Marischal.

BODOTRIA, Firth of Forth, as known to
the Romans.

BODSBECK, farm, the scene of Hogg's
' Brownie of Bodsbeck,' about 4 miles
east-north-east of Moffat, Dumfriesshire.

BOGANY, headland flanking east side
of Rothesay Bay, Buteshire.

BOGBRAE, place in Cruden parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a public school
with about 149 scholars.

BOGHALL, quondam strong castle of the
Earls of Wigton, near Biggar, Lanarkshire.

BOGHEAD, village in Lesmahagow
parish, Lanarkshire.

BOGHEAD, seat near Bathgate, Linlith-
gowshire.

BOGHOUSE, quondam castle in Craw-
fordjohn parish, Lanarkshire.

BOGIE, small river, running about 14
miles northward to the Deveron, in
north-west of Aberdeenshire.

BOGIE, seat near Kirkcaldy, Fife.

BOGMUCHALS, place in Fordyce parish,
Banffshire. It has a public school with
about 49 scholars.

BOG OF GIGHT, original form of Gordon
Castle, Bellie parish, Banffshire.

BOGRIE, old tower, often a refuge of
the Covenanters, in Dunscore parish,
Dumfriesshire. "

BOGROY, place, 7 miles from Inver-
ness. It has a post office under Inver-
ness.

BOGSIDE, station on Stirling and Dun-
fermline Railway, 6 miles east of Alloa.

BOGTON, lake, on the Doon, in Dal-
mellington parish, Ayrshire.

BOHALLY, place, 3 miles from Pit-
lochrie, with post office under that village,
Perthshire.

BOHARM, parish in Banffshire and
Elginshire, averagely 6 miles north-east of
Abcrlour. Its post town is Keith. Its
length is about 13 miles; its breadth
about 9 miles ; its area, 8906 acres in
Banffshire, and 7835 in Elginshire. Real
property in 1880-81, £4493 and £3102.
Pop. 543 and 623. The Spey bounds
the west, and the Fiddich bounds the
south and south-west. Benagen Mountain
occupies much of the area ; and a curved

valley, overhung by that mountain, and
ascending to about 400 feet above sea-
level, comprises most of the arable land.
The seats are Arndilly and Auchlunkart ;
and the chief antiquity is Bucharin Castle.
The churches are Established and Free.
There are 4 schools for 272 scholars, and
1 of them, for 80, is new.

BOHESPICK, tract on the Tummel, in
Blair- Athole parish, Perthshire.

BOINDIE. See Boyndie.

BOISDALE, sea-loch on east side of
South Uist, Outer Hebrides.

BOLD, burn, running to the Tweed, in
Traquair parish, Peeblesshire.

BOLESKINE, parish, containing Fort-
Augustus and Balfrischel villages, in
Inverness-shire. Its length is about 21
miles ; its mean breadth about 10 miles.
Real property in 1880-81, £10,874. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1388 ; quoad sacra, 1314.
The limits include parts of the Great
Glen, Stratherrick, Corryarrick, and the
Monadhleadh Mountains, numerous lakes,
the Fall of Foyers, and part of both shores
of Loch Ness. A chief residence is
Boleskine House, and chief antiquities
are vitrified forts. The parochial church
contains 428 sittings, and other churches
are in Fort-Augustus. The public school
has about 84 scholars.

BOLFRACKS, detached tract of Fortingal
parish, with Bolfracks House, 3^ miles
east of Taymouth Castle, Perthshire.

BOLSA, headland in north-west of
Islay Island, Argyleshire.

BOLSHAN, estate, with site of ancient
castle, in Kinnell parish, Forfarshire.

BOLTON, parish, with church, 2f miles
south-by -west of Haddington. Post town,
Haddington. Acres, 3106. Real property
in 1880-81, £4339. Pop. 337. The
surface is pleasantly undulated, and all
arable. The churches are Bolton paro-
chial, and Bolton and Salton Free. The
public school has accommodation for 67
scholars.

BOMBIE, ruined ancient castle in
Kirkcudbright parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BONA, ancient parish, now united to
that of Inverness.

BON - ACCORD, Aberdeen, fancifully
called so in allusion to its ancient wat-
ery.

BONALLY, seat in Colinton parish,
Edinburghshire.

BONAR, or BONAR BRIDGE, village on
strait of Dornoch Firth, south verge of
Sutherland, 13f miles west-north-west of
Tain. It has a post office under Ardgay,
a railway station, a banking office, an inn,
and a strong costly bridge of 1812. Pop. 313.

BONAW. See Bunawe.

BONCASTLE, moundish site of ancient
outpost of Douglas Castle, Douglas parish,

BONCHESTER, verdant lofty hill, with
remains of apparently Roman works, in
Hobkirk parish, Roxburghshire.

BONCHESTER BRIDGE, hamlet adjacent

BON

5:

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BOR

to Bonchester, Roxburghshire. It has a
post office under Hawick.

BONERBO, place in Carnbee parish,
Fife. It has a public school with about
60 scholars.

BO'NESS. See Bokrowstownness.

BONESSAN, village at head of Loch
Laich, near south-western extremity of
Mull Island, Argyleshire. It has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Oban, an Established
church with 350 sittings, and a public
school with about 110 scholars. Pop. 214.

BONGATE, village in Jedburgh parish,
Roxburghshire.

BONHARD, seat in Carriden parish,
Linlithgowshire.

BONHARD, seat in Scone parish, Perth-
shire.

BONHILL, town and parish in Dum-
bartonshire. The town is practically con-
joint with Alexandria, divided from it
only by the river Leven ; dates from
ancient times, but is a seat and centre of
modern industries ; and has a post office,
with money order department, under
Dumbarton, a banking office, Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian churches, a
public school with about 379 scholars, and
waterworks projected in 1880. Pop. 2940.
—The parish contains also the towns of
Alexandria and Jamestown, and the
villages of Balloch, Dalvault, and Mill of
Halden, and it comprises the upper half
of the Vale of Leven, and extends about
3 miles across the foot of Loch Lomond.
Acres, 8373. Real property in 1880-81,
£42,363. Pop., quoad civilia, 12,524 ; quoad
sacra, 2983. The surface abounds in
both natural beauty and artificial embel-
lishment. 9 large print works are
within its vale ; and Tillichewan Castle,
Bonhill Place, Levenfield, Bromley, Bal-
loch Castle, Cameron House, Belretiro,
Arden, and other mansions are chief
residences. Churches are in Alexandria
and Jamestown. There are 2 public
schools for 1481 scholars, and 1 of them
and an enlargement for 967 are new.

BON JEDWARD, village on site of Roman
station, 2 miles north of Jedburgh, Rox-
burghshire. Bonjedward House, in its
vicinity, belongs to the Marquis of
Lothian.

BONKLE, village in central part of
Cambusnethan parish, Lanarkshire. It
has a United Presbyterian church.

BONNETHILL, eastern suburb of Dun-
dee. It has a Free church.

BONNINGTON, suburb on Water of Leith,
about a mile north of Edinburgh. It is
chiefly modern, and well edificed ; and it
has a railway station, a handsome United
Presbyterian church of 1880, and a large
public school.

BONNINGTON. village and seat in Ratho
parish, Edinburghshire.

BONNINGTON, hamlet in Arbirlot parish,
Forfarshire. It has a public school with
about 58 scholars-

BONNINGTON, seat and water-fall on
the Clyde, in Lanarkshire. The seat is in
south-eastern vicinity of Lanark, belongs
to Sir Charles W. F. A. Ross, Bart., and
has fine grounds, through which the fall
is approached from Lanark. The fall is
the uppermost of the Falls of Clyde, and
forms a sheer leap of 30 feet, split by a
projecting rock.

BONNY, rivulet entering the Carron 3
miles west of Falkirk, Stirlingshire.

BONNYBRIDGE, town on Bonny
rivulet, 4 miles west of Falkirk. It has a
post office under Denny, a quoad sacra
parish church, and a public school with
about 255 scholars. Pop. of town, 1782 ;
of quoad sacra parish, 1940.

BONNYMOOR, tract noted for a skirmish
in 1820 between Radicals and Royal troops,
about a mile south of Bonnybridge.

BONNYRIGG, town, 2 miles south-west
of Dalkeith, Edinburghshire. It was
formerly a collier village, but is now a
genteel summer resort ; and it has a post
office, with money order department, under
Lasswade, a railway station, a banking
office, a volunteer hall, a bowling-green,
recently formed waterworks, a Free
church, and a public school with about
152 scholars. Pop. 2425.

BONNYTON, suburb of Kilmarnock,
Ayrshire.

BONNYTOWN, part of Old Montrose
estate, with vestige of ancient castle in
Mary ton parish, Forfarshire.

BONSHAW, old tower near Kirtlebridge,
Dumfriesshire.

BONSKEID, seat amid rich wild scenery,
largely covered with natural beechwood,
about 4^ miles north-west of Pitlochrie,
Perthshire.

BOON, round, massive hill, 1070 feet
high, in Legerwood parish, Berwickshire.

BOON-DREICH, small affluent of the
Leader, near Lauder, Berwickshire.

BOQUHAN, seat and glen near Gargun-
nock, Stirlingshire. The glen somewhat
resembles the Trossachs.

BORA, pastoral islet in Rendall parish,
Orkney.

BORELAND, collier village, about |
mile south-east of Gallatown, Fife. It
has a public school with about 68 scholars.

BORELAND, seat in Hutton parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BORELAND PARK, village in Auch-
terarder parish, Perthshire.

BORENNICH, section of Blair-Athole
parish, on the Tummel, Perthshire.

BORERAY, islet near St. Kilda, Outer
Hebrides.

BORESTON, village in Dairy parish,
Ayrshire. Pop. 401.

BORGIE, rivulet running from Loch
Loyal to Torrisdale Bay, Sutherland.

BORGUE, village and parish on sea-
board of Kirkcudbrightshire. The village
stands 4^ miles south-west of Kirkcud-
bright, and has a post office under Kirk-
cudbright, a conspicuous Established

BOR

53

BOR

church, a Free church, and a public
school with about 178 scholars. — The
parish contains also Kirkandrews and
Chapelton villages, includes Ardwell and
Little Ross Islands, and is 10 miles long
and 7 miles broad. Acres, 13,531. Real
property in 1880-81, £13,997. Pop. 1129.
The coast extends 3^ miles along Kirk-
cudbright Bay and 5^ miles along Sol-
way Firth, and is considerably indented,
and partly rocky and precipitous. The
interior is mainly an intermixture of very
numerous ancient lake bottoms, with great
variety of rising grounds and little hills.
Earlston, the seat of Sir "William Gordon,
Bart., is the chief residence, and Plumton
Castle and Balmangan Tower are chief
antiquities.

BORLEY, small lake in Durness parish,
Sutherland.

BOROUGHHEAD, promontory at east
side of mouth of Luce Bay, Wigtonshire.

BOROUGHMOOR, quondam extensive
common, now partly edificed with hand-
some suburbs, adjacent to south side of
Edinburgh.

BORROBOL, railway station between
Kildonan and Kinbrace, Sutherland.

BORROLAN, lake, 7 miles south of
Assynt church, in Sutherland.

BORROWDALE, seat on Loch-na-Nuah,
south-west coast of Inverness-shire.

BORROWSTOWN, coast hamlet, near
caves and natural arch, 6 miles west of
Thurso. Caithness.

BORROWSTOWN, village in Borrows-
townness parish, Linlithgowshire.

BORROWSTOWNNESS, or BO'NESS,
town and parish on north-west border of
LinHthgowshire. The town stands on
the Forth, 3 miles north of Linlithgow ;
connects, by branch line, with the Scottish
railway systems ; is ahead port, and a seat of
manufacture ; stands on peninsular ground,
very slightly elevated above high-water
level ; consists chiefly of narrow streets,
and presents a murky appearance ; has
a head post office with all departments,
2 banking offices, a public hall of 1878,
Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian churches, and 2 public schools
with about 365 scholars ; publishes a
weekly newspaper, and conducts much
business in connection with coal-mining,
iron-working, shipbuilding, and other
industries. The harbour formerly com-
prised^ only a basin 240 feet broad and 2
piers 566 feet long, with maximum water-
depth of 20 feet at spring tides. New
harbour works, preliminary to the for-
mation of a great wet dock, and comprising
seaward extension of the old piers, were
constructed in 187S-79 at a cost of about
£30,000. The new dock was begun to be
formed in October 1879 ; is situated en-
tirely on land reclaimed from the sea
below high-water line ; has an outside
barrier 3000 feet long, serving as a wharf
for small vessels ; comprises 7^ acres of
dock water, about 5 acres of timber pond,

and about 17^ acres of other area ; has a
depth of 23 feet on the sill at high-water ;
was estimated to cost £181,750, and was
opened in September 1881. The arrivals in
1879 were 746 British vessels, of 67,007 tons,
and 1445 foreign vessels, of 183,223 tons ;
the departures, 749 British vessels, of
67,856 tons, and 1432 foreign vessels, of
176,570 tons. Pop. of the town, 5241.
— The parish includes also Newtown and
Kinneil villages, but excludes Grange-
pans suburb. Area, 3141 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £24,073. Pop.
6088. A hill 520 feet high is in the
extreme south-east, and commands a very
fine view. The surface slopes thence to
the west and the north, but forms a steep
bank at various distances from the shore,
and includes a low, fiat, alluvial tract in
the north-west. The soil is mostly a deep
rich loam. The rocks are carboniferous,
and abound in coal and ironstone. Kin-
neil House, a seat of the Duke of Hamilton,
is the chief residence. Antoninus' Wall
traversed the parish, and had a station on
its west border. There are 6 schools for
742 scholars, and 3 of them and an en-
largement for 494 are new.

BORTHWICK, hamlet, castle, and parish
in east of Edinburghshire. The hamlet
lies near Fushiebridge railway station,
13| miles south-east of Edinburgh, and
has a steepled parochial church of 1865,
and 2 public schools with about 168
scholars. — The castle stands adjacent to
the hamlet ; is a quadrangular baronial
tower of the 15th century, the largest
in Scotland, and in good preservation;
was the retreat of Queen Mary and
the Earl of Bothwell during four days
of peril after marriage, and sustained a
siege with some injury by Cromwell. — The
parish contains also 9 other hamlets, and
part of the villages of Gorebridge, Ford,
and Stobb's Mills. Its length is nearly 6
miles, its breadth about 4 miles, its area
9806 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£16,529. Pop., quoad civilia, 1741 ; quoad
sacra, 1374. The surface commences at a
watershed of the Moorfoot Hills ; extends
northward to the border of the great
Lothian plain, and exhibits diversity of
hill and vale. Coal and limestone abound,
and are largely worked. The seats are
Arniston, Middleton, Vogrie, Currie, and
Harvieston, and the antiquities are Borth-
wick Castle, Catcune Castle, and the old
parochial church.

BORTHWICK, rivulet, running about 13
miles north-eastward and eastward to the
Teviot, at 2 miles south-west of Hawick,
Roxburghshire.

BORTHWICKBRAE, seat in Roberton
parish, Roxburghshire.

BORTHWICKSHIELS, seat in Roberton
parish . Roxburghshire.

BORVE, rivulet, running to the sea, in
Barvas parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

BORVE, ruined ancient castle on west
side of Benbecula Island, Outer Hebrides.

BOS

54

BOV

BOSTON, church in Dunse, Berwickshire.

BOSWELLS (ST.), village and parish
on north border of Roxburghshire. The
village is commonly called Lessudden ;
succeeded an ancient village of St.
Boswells about f mile to the south, dating
from the Culdee times, possessing 16
strong bastile houses in the feudal times,
and destroyed by the English in 1544 ;
stands near the Tweed, 4 miles south-
east of Melrose ; adjoins a large common,
flanked by a hunting establishment of the
Duke of Buccleuch, and used for a famous
annual sheep and cattle fair, and has a
head post office with money order and
telegraph departments, 2 good inns,
Established and Free churches, and a
public school with about 140 scholars.
Pop. 438. The parish comprises 3155
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £10,395.
Pop. 959. The surface, though overhung
by the Eildon Hills, is nearly all low, and
either flat or undulating. The seats are
Lessudden House, Elliston, Benrig, Max-
poffle, and St. Boswell's Bank.

BOTHKENNAR, parish, containing Skin-
flats village, part of Grangemouth town,
and parts of Carronshore and Kinnaird
villages, in Carse district, Stirlingshire.
Post town, Falkirk. Acres, 1774. Real
property in 1880-81, £18,157. Pop. 3210.
The surface is a dead flat, all rich alluvium.
The public school has about 269 scholars.

BOTHWELL, town, park, and parish in
middle ward of Lanarkshire. The town
stands amid delightful environs, 2| miles
north-west of Hamilton ; is a favourite
summer resort of wealthy Glasgow citizens ;
and has a post office, with all departments,
under Hamilton, a railway station, a
banking office, a hotel, a water scheme
which , cost £35,335 up to April 1880, a
towered parochial church of 1833, the
choir of an ancient collegiate church
adjoining the parochial one, Free and
United Presbyterian churches, and a
public school with about 165 scholars.
Pop. 1520. — The park lies adjacent to the
town, extends far to the north-west,
belongs to the Earl of Home, and contains
his mansion of Bothwell Hall, and the
large imposing ruin of Bothwell Castle,
once held by Sir "William "Wallace, and
figuring greatly for ages as both a palatial
residence and a military strength. — The
parish contains also Bellshill, Holytown,
Carnbroe, Carfin, Chapelhall, Mossend,
Nackerton, Newarthill, and Uddingston,
and parts of Calderbank and Cleland.
Its length is about 8J miles ; its breadth
about 4 miles ; its area, 13,644 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £127,942. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 25,466 ; quoad sacra, 7597.
Bothwell Bridge, the scene of the crushing
defeat of the Covenanters in 1679, spans
the Clyde about \ mile south-south-east
of Bothwell town, but was widened and
greatly altered in 1826 and 1871. The
Clyde meanders about 4^ miles along the
south-western boundary, beneath diversi-

fied beautiful banks, celebrated in ancient
song. The land, for the most part,
undulates, and rises thence toward the
north-east, and includes there a plateau
averagely about 300 feet high, with culmi-
nating height of about 680 feet. Coal,
ironstone, and sandstone abound, and are
extensively worked. Woodhall, Cleland,
Carfin, Carnbroe, St. Enoch's Hall, and
Douglas Park are chief residences. There
are 20 schools for 3795 scholars, and 6
of them and enlargements for 1610 are
new.

BOTHWELL, small affluent of the Whit-
adder, at boundary between Haddington-
shire and Berwickshire.

BOTHWELL AND HAMILTON RAIL-
WAY. This was authorized in 1874, on a
capital of £500,000 ; and it comprises a
main line, a sub-main line, and a multipli-
city of branches. The main line strikes
from the North British at Shettleston,
goes south-eastward, past Uddingston,
Bothwell, and Greenfield, to Hamilton,
and was in operation in 1877. The sub-
main line strikes from the main line about
400 yards north of Bothwell station ; goes
north-eastward, past Bellshill and across
Rosehall estate, to the North British at
Whifflet ; and was opened in May 1879.
The numerous branches traverse the
principal intervening mineral tracts, and
serve largely for transport of coal.

BOTHWELL BRANCH RAILWAY. This
belongs to the Caledonian system, goes
from Falside Junction to Bothwell, is
about \\ mile long, and was opened in
March 1877.

BOTHWELLHAUGH, quondam seat about
a mile east of Bothwell Bridge, Bothwell
parish, Lanarkshire. It belonged to James
Hamilton, who shot the Regent Moray.

BOTRIPHNIE, parish, averagely 6
miles south-west of Keith, Banffshire. It
has a post office under Keith. It measures
about 4£ miles by 3, and comprises 9459
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £4571.
Pop. 696. The greater part is a beauti-
ful strath, traversed by the Isla, and
flanked by two hills. The only seat is
Botriphnie House. The churches are
Established and Free. The public school
has accommodation for 127 scholars.

BOURJO, very large ancient tumulus,
on Eildon Hills, Roxburghshire.

BOURTIE, parish, a little south of Old
Meldrum, Aberdeenshire. Post town,
Old Meldrum. It is 5 miles long, and
comprises 5693 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £5796. Pop. 463. The surface
is mainly a low tract about a mile broad,
flanked by considerably high hills. The
antiquities include two ancient Caledonian
stone circles, and remains of a remarkable
old fortification, misnamed Comyn'sCamp.
The public school has about 49 scholars.

BOUSTA, hamlet in Dunrossness parish,
Shetland.

BOVERAY, island in North Uist parish,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 137.

BOW

5.

1 5

BRA

BOW, coast cave in Fordyce parish,
Banffshire.

BOWBEAT, summit of Moorfoot Hills,
2049 feet high, in Temple parish, Edin-
burghshire.

BOWDEN, village and parish in north-
west of Roxburghshire. The village stands
3 miles south of Melrose, and has a post
office under Newton St. Boswells, an
ancient cross, a beautiful fountain, a
partly ancient parochial church, and a
public school with about 92 scholars.
The parish contains Midlem village, and
is about 6 miles long, and 4^ miles broad.
Acres, 7667. Real property in 1880-81,
£9147. Pop. 769. The surface includes
about one-half of the Eildon Hills, and
descends thence in a series of alternate
parallel ridges and vales to Ale river.
The seats are Cavers Carre, Linthill, and
Kippilaw ; and the antiquities are vestiges
of ancient camps, remains of an ancient
military road, and the site of the strong noble
f ortalice of Holydean. There are 3 schools,
with accommodation for 247 scholars.

BOWDEN, hill, with traces of ancient
camp, in Torphichen parish, Linlithgow-
shire.

BOWER, parish, with railway station,
llj miles west-north-west of Wick, Caith-
ness. It has a post office under Halkirk.
Its length is 7 miles, its breadth 4 miles.
Real property in 1880-81, £9113. Pop.
1608. Two eminences and two lakes
diversify the surface ; and one of the
former is crowned by a Scandinavian rude
round tower, and commands an extensive
view. The churches are Established and
Free. There are 4 schools for 399 scholars,
and 3 of them and an enlargement for
335 are new.

BOWER, vestige of ancient royal hunt-
ing-seat on the Clyde, in Lamington parish,
Lanarkshire.

BOWERHOPE, mountain in Yarrow
parish, Selkirkshire.

BOWERHOUSES, seat in Spott parish,
Haddingtonshire.

BO WERMADDEN, e state in Bower parish,
Caithness.

BOWHILL, a seat of the Duke of
Buccleuch, on the Yarrow, 3 miles west
of Selkirk.

BOWHOUSE, railway station, %\ miles
south-west of Borrowstownness.

BOWLAND, seat in Stow parish, Edin-
burghshire.

BOWLAND BRIDGE, railway station, 3
miles south -south-east of Stow village,
Edinburghshire.

BOWLING, or BOWLING BAY, village on
the Clyde, at exit of Forth and Clyde
Canal, 3^ miles east-south-east of Dum-
barton. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Glasgow, a railway station, a hotel,
wharves, a shipbuilding yard, and a
public school with about 121 scholars.
Pop. 687.

BOWMONT. See Blaumont.

BOWMORE, seaport village, near head
of Lochindaal, Islay Island, Argyleshire.
It has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Greenock,
a large distillery, a Free church, a Baptist
chapel, and a public school with about
182 scholars. Pop. 823.

BOW OF FIFE, place, about a mile from
Cupar, Fife. It has a post office under
Cupar.

BOWRIEFAULD, village in Dunnichen
parish, Forfarshire.

BOYNDIE, seaside parish, contiguous
to Banff parish, Banffshire. It contains
Whitehills village, with post office under
Banff, and is about 7 miles long, and
nearly 3 miles broad. Acres, 6945. Real
property in 1880-81, £8117. Pop., quoad
civilia, 2004 ; quoad sacra, 1801. The
coast is chiefly rocky ; and the interior is
partly a fine valley traversed by Boyndie
rivulet to the sea, and partly flat low
plateau. Chief objects are Boyne Castle,
and 3 ancient Caledonian stone circles.
The churches are Established and Free ;
and there are 2 new public schools for 280
scholars.

BOYNDLIE, seat in Tyrie parish, Aber-
deenshire.

BOYNE, rivulet and old castle in north
of Banffshire. The rivulet runs about 8
miles to the sea, at 4f miles west of Banff ;
and the castle crowns a crag near the
rivulet's mouth, was once a noble seat,
and is now a tolerably well-preserved
ruin.

BOYSACK, hamlet in Inverkeilor parish,
Forfarshire.

BRAAL, large, strong, ancient castle in
Halkirk parish, Caithness.

BRAAMBURY, headland, near Brora,
Sutherland.

BRAAN. See Bran.

BRABLOCH, seat near Paisley, Renfrew-
shire.

BRABSTER, seat in Canisbay parish,
Caithness.

BRABSTERDORRAN, estate in Bower
parish, Caithness.

BRACADALE, parish in south-west
of Skye, Inverness-shire. It contains
Struan hamlet, with post office under
Portree ; includes Minginish district,
and Soay and Wiay Islands, and is about
20 miles long and 8 miles broad. Real
property in 1880-81, £6734. Pop. 929.
The coast is partly flat, but mostly high
and rocky, and is cut by Lochs Bracadale,
Eynort, Brittle, and Scavaig. Loch Braca-
dale extends 1% miles north-eastward,
with mean breadth of about 4 miles, has
numerous islets, bays, and offsets, and is
flanked on much of its south-east side by
mural cavernous cliffs, terminating in the
bold lofty headland of Taliskar . The interior
includes part of Cuchullin Mountains, and
is elsewhere a diversity of hill and vale.
The churches are Established and Free,
and there are 4 new public schools for 182
scholars.

BRA

56

BRA

BRACHMAIT, place in Durris parish,
Kincardineshire. It has a public school
with about 80 scholars.

BRACHOLY, old parish, now part of
Petty, Inverness-shire.

BRACK, small lake in Balmaclellan
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BRACKLEY, old castle, the scene of a
tragedy in 1592, near Ballater, Aberdeen-
shire.

BRACKLIN, cascade of 50 feet, in chasm
on Keltie rivulet, near Callander, Perth-
shire.

BRACKMUIRHILL, place in Dunnottar
parish, Kincardineshire. It has a public
school with about 56 scholars.

BRACKNESS. See Breckness.

BRACO, village, Lj mile north of Green-
loaning railway station, Perthshire. It
stands adjacent to the celebrated Roman
camp of Arcloch, and has a head post office
with all departments, a hotel, an Estab-
lished church, a Free church, and a public
school. Pop. 270.

BRACO, estate and burn in Grange
parish, Banffshire.

BRACTULLO, artificial conical mound,
formerly place of capital punishment, in
Kirkden parish, Forfarshire.

BRADAN, lake, 7 miles south-south-east
of Straiton, Ayrshire.

BRAE, section of Kilmonivaig parish,
Inverness-shire. It has an Established
church, served by a minister on the royal
bounty.

BRAE, place, with post office, under
Lerwick, Shetland.

BRAE-AMAT, section of Kincardine
parish in Cromartyshire, surrounded by
Boss-shire.

BRAE - DUNSTAN, low hill-ridge in
Eccles parish, Berwickshire.

BRAE-GRUDIE, place in Strathbrora,
Sutherland.

BRAEHEAD, village in Carnwath parish,
Lanarkshire. It has a United Presbyterian
church with 500 sittings, and a public
school with about 174 scholars. Pop. 432.

BRAEHEAD, seat in Cramond parish,
E dinbu rghshire.

BRAEHEAD, or KIRKWOOD COLLIERY,
village in Old Monkland parish, Lanark-
shire. Pop. 667.

BRAEHEADS, seat near Larkhall,
Lanarkshire.

BRAEHEADS, rising ground on the
Tweed, at St. Boswells village, Roxburgh-
shire.

BRAE-LYON, mountains on north side of
head of Glenlyon, Perthshire.

BRAEMAR, village and old parish in
extreme south-west of Aberdeenshire.
The village is properly Castletown, and
will be noticed under that name, but it
has a post office of Braemar, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Aberdeen, 2 castles of Braemar, new and
old, and a public school of Braemar with
about 61 scholars. The parish is now
part of Crathie.

BRAE-MORAY, chief part of Edinkillie

parish, Elginshire.

BRAE-RIACH, alpine mountain, 4248
! feet high, one of the Cairngorms, Aber-
] deenshire and Inverness-shire.

BRAE-ROY, tract in Kilmonivaig parish,
Inverness-shire.

BRAES, section of Gartly parish, Aber-
deenshire and Banffshire.

BRAESIDE, place, with public school, in
Fetlar parish, Shetland.

BRAES OF ABERNETHY, section of
Grampians in Abernethy parish, Inver-
ness-shire.

BRAES OF ANGUS, section of Grampians
in Forfarshire.

BRAES OF AVON, section of Grampians
in Kirkmichael parish, Banffshire.

BRAES OF BALQUHIDDER, section of
Grampians in Balquhidder parish, Perth-
shire.

BRAES OF DOUNE, broad-based moun-
tain-range, westward from upper part of
Strathallan, Perthshire.

BRAES OF FORDOUN, skirts of Gram-
pians in Fordoun parish, Kincardineshire.

BRAES OF GLENIFFER, hill-range about
2 miles south-west of Paisley, Renfrew-
shire.

I BRAES OF GLENLIVET, mountain group
I in upper part of Inveraven parish, Banff -
! shire.

( BRAES OF GLENORCHY, alpine moun-
tains in upper part of Glenorchy parish,
i Argyleshire.

BRAES OF KILPATRICK, section of
I Lennox Hills, in Old Kilpatrick parish,
Dumbartonshire.

BRAES OF LORN, section of Kilninver
parish, Argyleshire.

BRAES OF ORWELL, section of Ochil
Hills in Orwell parish, Kinross-shire.

BRAES OF PETTY, upland of Petty
parish, Inverness-shire.

BRAES OF PORTREE, section of Portree
parish, Isle of Skye.

BRAGANESS, headland in Sandsting
parish, Shetland.

BRAGAR, village in Barvas parish, Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 635.

BRAGRUM, hamlet in Methven parish,
Perthshire.

BRAHAN, castellated seat, formerly of
the Earls of Seaforth, in Urray parish,
Ross-shire.

BRAID, hill-range, with fine view, in
southern vicinity of Edinburgh.

BRAID, small sea-inlet in Wick parish,
| Caithness.

BRAIDWOOD, village, mansion, and
! railway station in Carluke parish, Lanark-
| shire. The village has a public school
I with about 128 scholars. Pop., with
j Harestanes and Thornhill, 616.

BRAIGHEMOR, bay on west side of
Harris, Outer Hebrides.

BRAINSFORD. See Bainsford.
BRALLAIG, lake in Kilninver parish,
Argyleshire.

BRAN, small river, running about 14

BRA

57

BRE

miles north-eastward to the Tay, opposite
Dunkeld, Perthshire. It makes, in its
lowermost reach, a leap of about 85 feet,
and a long tumultuous cataract.

BRANAULT, hamlet in Ardnamurchan
parish, Argyleshire.

BRANBURY, hill, with fine sandstone
quarry, in Clyne parish, Sutherland.

BRANDERBURGH. section of Lossie-
mouth town, Elginshire. Pop. 1888.

BRANDIR, pass of Awe, Argyleshire.
See Awe.

BRANDY, lake in Clova parish, Forfar-
shire.

BRANXHOLM, seat on the Teviot, 3
miles south-west of Hawick,Roxburghshire.
It belongs to the Duke of Buccleuch ; is
now a modern-looking mansion, with very
strong old tower ; was formerly a great
fortress, and figures graphically as such
in Sir Walter Scott's Lay of the Last

BRANY, head-stream of the North Esk,
in Lochlee parish, Forfarshire.

BRAXFIELD, seat near Lanark, Lanark-
shire.

BRAXY, hill, 684 feet high, 5 miles
south-west of Stonehaven, Kincardine-
shire.

BREACACHA, deserted, tolerably entire,
very ancient castle, in Coll Island, Argyle-
shire.

BREADALBANE, district in north-west
of Perthshire. It adjoins Inverness-shire
and Argyleshire, measures about 33 miles
by 31, is prevailingly rugged and moun-
tainous, and consists largely of masses of
the Grampians, and it gives the title of
earl to a branch of the family of Campbell.

BREAKISH, place in Strath parish, Isle
of Skye. It has a public school with
about 52 scholars.

BREASCLETE, village;, 16 miles west of
Stornoway, Cuter Hebrides. Pop. 352.

BRECHIN, town, mansion, and parish
in north-east of Forfarshire. The town
stands on the South Esk, at terminus of
branch railway, 19j miles north-east of
Forfar ; dates from the Culdee times, and
became the seat of a diocese ; is a royal
and parliamentary burgh, uniting with
Forfar, Arbroath, Montrose, and Bervie
in sending a member to Parliament ;
comprises a main street about a mile
long, and some lesser streets ; has a head
post office with all departments, 5 banking
offices, 3 hotels, a town hall of the latter
part of last century, a public hall of 1838,
a public library, 2 Established churches,
2 Free churches, 3 United Presbyterian
churches, an Evangelical Union chapel,
an Episcopalian church, a large public
school of 1876, 5 other public schools,
and a new water supply, obtained in 1874
at a cost of £15,000 ; publishes a weekly
newspaper, and carries on extensive manu-
facture of sail-cloth and brown linen. Its
cathedral was founded by David I., but
never completed ; measured 166 feet by
61, was partly destroyed at the Reforma-

tion, and the nave of it is now the parish
church. A steeple, 128 feet high, is at
its north-west corner, and a round tower,
similar to the round tower of Abernethy
and the round towers of Ireland, is
adjacent to its south-west corner. Ileal
property of the burgh in 1880-81, £26,517.
Pop. 9031. — The mansion, Brechin Castle,
is a seat of the Earl of Dalhousie ; stands
on a rock overhanging the South Esk, in
western vicinity of the town ; and occupies
the site of an ancient baronial fortalice
which stoutly resisted Edward I. of Eng-
land.— The parish contains also the villages
of Little Brechin and Trinity Moor, and
is about 7 miles long and 6 miles broad.
Acres, 14,313. Real property of landward
part in 1880-81, £20,854. Pop., quoad
civilia, 10,499 : quoad sacra, 8827. The
surface is mostly level, but includes the
eminence of Burghill, and is overlooked
at short distance by the frontier Grampians.
The seats, besides Brechin Castle, are
Eskmount, Keithock, and Ardovie. There
are 11 schools for 1944 scholars, and 3 of
them and an enlargement for 980 are new.

BRECHIN (EAST), quoad sacra parish in
Brechin parish, Forfarshire. Pop. 1672.

BRECHIN (LITTLE), village in Brechin
parish, Forfarshire.

BRECKEN, hill in St. Mungo parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BRECKNESS, headland and mansion at
north side of entrance of Hoy Sound,
Orkney. The mansion was erected in
1633 by the last Bishop of Orkney.

BRECKRY, glen and rivulet in Southend
parish, Argyleshire.

BRECON, voe or bay in north of Yell
Island, Shetland.

BRECONBEDS, place in Annan parish,
Dumfriesshire. It has a public school
with about 110 scholars.

BREDA, seat, 1\ miles west of Alford,
Aberdeenshire.

BREDIELAND, estate in Abbey parish,
Renfrewshire.

BREICH. See Briech.

BRESSAY, island, sound, and parish in
south of Shetland. The island lies
between Noss and Mainland, opposite
Lerwick, and has a post office under
Lerwick. Its length is 6f miles, its
breadth mostly between 2 and 3 miles.
Its coast is rocky, partly high and partly
cavernous ; and its interior is tumulated,
includes aconicalhill 724feethigh, and con-
tains a conspicuous ancient standing stone,
and some vestiges of Scandinavian build-
ings. Pop. 847. — The sound divides the
island from Mainland ; is a capacious, well-
sheltered, natural harbour, and serves as the
harbour of Lerwick, a rendezvous of whale-
ships, and a great centre of herring-fishery.
— The parish contains also Noss, Papa,
Hevera, Holm, East Burra, and "West
Burra islands, and the Quarff portion ot
Mainland. Real property in 1880-81,
£1880. Pop., quoad civilia, 1768 ; quoad
sacra, 850. The churches are 3 Estab-

BRE

58

BRI

lished, and. 4 Dissenting. There are 6
schools for 337 scholars, and 5 of them for
270 are new.

BREWERY, hamlet in Borthwick parish,
Edinburghshire.

BRIARACHAN, head -stream of the
Ardle, Perthshire.

BRIDEKIRK, village and quoad sacra
parish in south of Annandale, Dumfries-
shire. The village stands on Annan river,
3 miles north-north west of Annan town,
and has a post office under Annan, and a
three-arched bridge. Pop. of the village,
309 ; of the quoad sacra parish, 702.

BRIDESNESS, headland at south-east of
North Konaldshay Island, Orkney.

BRIDGEGATE, quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, adjacent
to north side of Clyde, Glasgow. Pop.
3119.

BRIDGEND, suburb on right bank of the
Leven, adjacent to Dumbarton.

BRIDGEND, suburb on left bank of the
Tay, adjacent to Perth.

BRIDGEND, suburb on right bank of the
Nith, adjacent to Dumfries. It figures in
history as Bridgend, but is now called
Maxwelltown, which see.

BRIDGEND, suburb of Dalkeith, Edin-
burghshire.

BRIDGEND, suburb of Crieff, Perth-
shire.

BRIDGEND, suburb of Ceres, Fife.

BRIDGEND, hamlet on the Tweed, about
a mile west of Melrose, Roxburghshire.
A curious ancient bridge here was sur-
mounted by a castellated gateway, and
figures in Sir "Walter Scott's Monastery,
but has disappeared.

BRIDGEND, hamlet in Lintrathen par-
ish, Forfarshire.

BRIDGEND, place in Euthven parish,
Forfarshire.

BRIDGEND, village in Kenmore parish,
Perthshire.

BRIDGEND, place in Kilbirnie parish,
Ayrshire. It has a public school with
about 199 scholars.

BRIDGEND, part of Alness town, Ross-
shire. Pop. 942.

BRIDGEND, village at head of Lochin-
daal, Islay Island, Argyleshire. It has a
post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, under Greenock.

BRIDGEND, village near Bathgate,
Linlithgowshire. Pop. 253.

BRIDGEND, hamlet on the Clyde, 2
miles south-east of Lanark.

BRIDGEND, estate in Lochwinnoch par-
ish, Renfrewshire.

BRIDGEND (OLD), village in Galston
parish, Ayrshire.

BRIDGENESS, village in Carriden par-
ish, Linlithgowshire. Pop. 260.

BRIDGE OF ALLAN,town on Allan river,
3 miles north of Stirling. It ranks high
as a resort of invalids and convalescents,
owes its celebrity to at once its climate,
its structure, its environs, its views, and
its vicinity to Airthrey mineral wells;

looks, as seen from Stirling, to be a town
of villas ; communicates with Stirling by
tramway cars, and commands wide extent
and variety of charming walks and drives; 1
publishes a weekly newspaper, and has a
head post office with all departments, a
railway station, 2 banking offices, 4 hotels,
a hydropathic establishment, a museum, 4
handsome modern churches, Established,
Free, United Presbyterian, and Episcopa-
lian, and a public school with about 189
scholars. Pop. at the census of 1881,
3005; but the summer visitors are
usually from 30,000 to 40,000.

BRIDGE OF ALVAH, remarkable bridge
on the Deveron, in a bold chasm, 3 miles
south of Banff.

BRIDGE OF BRUAN, place in Braes of
Abernethy, Inverness-shire.

BRIDGE OF BUCKET, hamlet in Glen-
bucket parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a
post office under Aberdeen.

BRIDGE OF CALLY, place, 5 miles north-
west of Blairgowrie, Perthshire. It has a
post office under Blairgowrie.

BRIDGE OF CANNY, place in Banchory-
Ternan parish, Kincardineshire. It has a
post office under Aberdeen.

BRIDGE OF CAY, place, 10 miles south-
west of Grantown, Elginshire.

BRIDGE OF CREE. See Ceeebkidge.

BRIDGE OF DEE, village on the Dee,
2| miles south-west of Castle-Douglas,
Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a railway
station.

BRIDGE OF DEE, place on the Dee,
suburban to Aberdeen. It has a post
office under Aberdeen.

BRIDGE OF DON, place on the Don,
suburban to Aberdeen. It has a post
office under Aberdeen, and a public school.

BRIDGE OF DOUGLAS, place, with public
school, in Glenaray parish, Argyleshire.

BRIDGE OF DRIP, bridge on the Forth,
2j miles west-north-west of Stirling.

BRIDGE OF DULSIE, place on Findhorn
river, 10 miles south-south-east of Nairn.

BRIDGE OF DUN, place, 4 miles east of
Brechin, Forfarshire. It has a post office
under Montrose, and a railway junction
station.

BRIDGE OF EARN, village on river Earn,
4 miles south-by-east of Perth. It is a
resort of invalids and convalescents ; owes
its attractions to climate, environs,
command of walks and drives, and
vicinity to Pitcaithly wells ; and has a
head post office with all departments, a
railway station, and a hotel. Pop. 304.

BRIDGE OF ETRISH, place on Truim
rivulet, south of Dalwhinnie, Inverness -
shire.

BRIDGE OF FEUGH, bridge on cataract-
ine reach of Feugh river, south-west of
Banchory, Kincardineshire.

BRIDGE OF GAIRN, place in Glenmuick
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Aberdeen.

BRIDGE OF GRUDIE, place near south
side of Loch Maree, Ross-shire.

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59

BRO

BRIDGE OF MARNOCH, place, with post
office under Huntly, Aberdeenshire.

BRIDGE OF MUCHALLS, place in
Fetteresso parish, Kincardineshire. It
has a public school with about 68

BRIDGE OF POTARCH, place on the
Dee, 11 mile east-south-east of Kincardine
0*Neil, Aberdeenshire.

BRIDGE OF ROY, hamlet, 10 miles north-
east of Fort-William, Inverness-shire. It
has a post office under Fort-William, an
inn, and a public school with about 75
scholars.

BRIDGE OF TEITH, suburb of Doune,
Perthshire. It has a United Presbyterian
church.

BRIDGE OF TILT, village at mouth of
river Tilt, adjacent to a railway viaduct,
near Blair-Athole railway station, Perth-
shire. It has a hotel, and an Episcopalian
church.

BRIDGE OF TURK, place, 7 miles west
of Callander, Perthshire. It figures in
Sir Walter Scott's Lady of the Lake, and
has a post office under Callander.

BRIDGE OF URR, village in Kirkpatrick-
Durham parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BRIDGE OF WEIR, town, 4f miles west-
north-west of Paisley, Eenfrewshire. It is
a seat of manufacture, and has a post
office under Paisley, and a Free church.
Pop. 1267.

BRIDGE OF WESTFIELD, place, with
post office under Thurso, Caithness.

BRIDGETON, eastern suburb of Glasgow.
It is large and mostly squalid, includes a
public pavilion with clock-tower erected
in 1875, contains a number of factories,
communicates by tramway with all parts
of the city, and has a quoad sacra parish
church, a Free church, a United Original
Secession church, and a large public school.
Pop. of quoad sacra parish, 6383 ; of regis-
tration district, 39,628.

BRIDGETON, village in Eedgorton parish,
Perthshire.

BRIDGETON, seat and hill in St. Cyrus
parish, Kincardineshire.

BRIDIANOCH, headland in west of Rum
Island, Inner Hebrides.

BRIECH, rivulet rising in Cambusnethan
parish, Lanarkshire, running 3 miles
eastwai-d to meeting point with Linlith-
gowshire and Edinburghshire, and
proceeding 8 miles north-eastward along
the boundary between these two counties
to the river Almond.

BRIECH, railway station, near Briech
rivulet, between Fauldhouse and West
Calder.

BRIERBUSH, village in Penpont parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BRIGHAM. See Birgham.

BRIGHTON, place, with public school, in
Cupar parish, Fife.

BRIGIE, hill, 575 feet high, near Mull
of Galloway, Wigtonshire.

BRIG 0' BALGOWNIE, old bridge on the
Don, near Old Aberdeen.

BRIG 0' TRAM, feature on coast of
Wick parish, Caithness.

BRIGTON, seat and hill in Kinnettles
parish, Forfarshire.

BRIMMOND, hill, 859 feet high, 7 miles
west-by-north of Aberdeen.

BRIMSNESS, small headland in Thurso
parish, Caithness.

BRINDISTER, voe or bay, with excellent
anchorage, in Sandsting parish, Shetland.

BRINDY, part of lofty hill -ridge, divid-
ing Garioch district from Alford Yale,
Aberdeenshire.

BRISBANE, seat and glen in Largs
parish, Ayrshire.

BRISHMEAL, basaltic hill, with grand
view, on Bracaclale coast, Isle of Skye

BRISTO, old suburb, now absorbed in
southern part of Edinburgh.

BRITTLE, sea-loch in Minginish district,
Isle of Skye.

BROAD BAY, sea-loch, 8 miles long and
4 miles broad, in Stornoway parish,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

BROADCHAPEL, seat near Lochmaben,
Dumfriesshire.

BROADFIELD, seat in Kilmalcolm parish,
Renfrewshire.

BROADFORD, village, bay, and rivulet,
in Strath parish, Isle of Skye. The
village stands at the bay's head and
rivulet's mouth, 8 miles south-west of
Kyleakin, and has a head post office with
money order and telegraph departments,
an inn, an Established church, and a
public school with about 64 scholars.

BROADHAVEN, fishing village in Wick
parish, Caithness.

BROADLAW, mountain, 2723 feet high,
with grand view on north-east border of
Tweedsmuir parish, Peeblesshire.

BROADMEADOWS, seat on Yarrow
river, 4i miles west-by-north of Selkirk.

BROADMEADOWS, seat in Hutton parish,
Berwickshire.

BROADSEA, fishing village, near Fraser-
burgh, Aberdeenshire. Pop. 423.

BROATS, seat in Kirkpatrick-Fleming
parish, Dumfriesshire.

BROCHEL, dilapidated strong old castle
on Raasay Island, Inverness-shire.

BROCK, small affluent of the Levern,
Renfrewshire.

BROCKLEHURST, hamlet in Mouswald
parish, Dumfriesshire.

BROCKS BRAE, rising ground, adjacent
to south-west end of St. Ninians, Stirling-
shire. The ' Bore Stone,' in which Bruce
j planted his standard at the battle of
Bannockburn, is on it.

BRODICHAN, lake in Crathie parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BRODICK, bay, village, ducal seat, and
quoad sacra parish in Arran Island, Bute-
shire. The bay is near the middle of the
east coast, 14 miles west-south-west of
Ardrossan, has a crescent form on a chord
of about 3 miles, and is overlooked by the
mouths of 3 glens amid grand lofty moun-
tains.— The village lies dispersedly on the

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60

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bay, and has a post office, with all depart-
ments, under Ardrossan, a hotel, an iron
pier of 1872, and a church. — The seat,
Brodick Castle, belongs to the Duke of
Hamilton, stands amid ornate grounds
on north side of the village, is a spacious
modern edifice with lofty tower, and
occupies the site of an ancient fortalice
of the Lords of the Isles. — The quoad sacra
parish is part of Kilbride. Pop. 933.

BRODIE, railway station and mansion,
3i miles west-by- south of Forres, Elginshire.

"BRODIESORD, place in Fordyce parish,
Banffshire. It has a public school with
about 55 scholars.

BROGAR BRIDGE, place at southern
extremity of Loch Stenness, Orkney.

BROICH, seat and burn in Kippen parish,
Stirlingshire.

BROLUM, sea-loch on south-east coast
of Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

BROMLAND, seat in Troqueer parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

BRONACH, burn in Laggan parish,
Inverness-shire.

BRONY, vale in Ellon parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

BROOM, village in Dyke parish, Elgin-
shire.

BROOM, island in the Spey, in Knock-
ando parish, Elginshire.

BROOM, sea-loch, 16 miles long, on west
coast of Ross-shire.

BROOM, mountain, 2302 feet high, near
head of Glenisla, Forfarshire.

BROOM, farm, said to have been the
scene of a severe repulse of Robert Bruce
by the English, in Cummertrees parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BROOMHALL, seat of the Earl of Elgin,
near the Forth, in Dunfermline parish,
Fife.

BROOMHILL, seat near Larkhall,
Lanarkshire.

BROOMHILL, lake near Lochmaben,
Dumfriesshire.

BROOMHILL, railway station, 3J miles
south - south - west of Grantown, Elgin-
shire.

BROOMHILL, estate, with home for
incurables, near Kirkintilloch, Dumbarton-
shire. It was purchased for £14,000, and
the home on it was opened in 1875.

BROOMHOLM, seat, thought to be on
site of ancient Caledonian town, 2 miles
south of Langholm, Dumfriesshire.

BROOMHOUSE, village in Old Monkland
parish, 6 miles by road south-east of Glas-
gow. It has a railway station. Pop. 371.

BROOMHOUSE, seat in Edrom parish,
Berwickshire.

BROOMIEKNOWE, village, with railway
station, 1J mile west-south-west of Esk-
bank, Edinburghshire.

BROOMIEKNOWE, hamlet in Heriot
parish, Edinburghshire.

BROOMIELAW, north side of harbour,
Glasgow.

BROOMKNOLL, part of Airdrie, Lanark-
shire.

BROOMLANDS, hamlet in Inchinnan

parish, Renfrewshire.

BROOMLEE, railway station, serving for
West Linton, Peeblesshire.

BROOMLEY, seat near Alexandria, Dum-
bartonshire.

BROOM (LITTLE), sea-loch, 8$ miles
long, separated by only a narrow ridge
from Loch Broom, Ross-shire.

BROOMRIG, seat on the Nith, in Holy-
wood parish, Dumfriesshire.

BRORA, river, lake, and village in south-
east of Sutherland. The river runs about
24 miles south-eastward, along a pictur-
esque glen to the sea, at 4^ miles north-
east of Golspie. — The lake is an expansion
of the lower reach of the river, 4 miles
long, and looking to be a chain of 3 lakes.
— The village stands at the river's mouth,
adjoins a remarkable coal-field, and has a
post office with all departments designated
of Sutherlandshire, a railway station, a
banking office, and a small harbour.
Pop. 579.

BROTHER, lake in Mearns parish, Ren-
frewshire.

BROTHER, small island, near south
coast of Yell, Shetland.

BROTHERSTONE, hill, 1362 feet high,
4 miles south-east of Borthwick, Edin-
burghshire.

BROTHERTON, seat in Benholm parish,
Kincardineshire.

BROTHOCK, rivulet entering the sea at
Arbroath, Forfarshire.

BROUGH, fishing hamlet in Dunnet
parish, Caithness.

BROUGH, seat in Fetlar Island, Shetland.

BROUGH, semi-insular headland, appar-
ently once a rock fortification, on north-
west coast of Birsay parish, Orkney.

BROUGH, dilapidated Scandinavian
castle, on north coast of Delting parish,
Shetland.

BROUGHTON, village and parish in west
of Peeblesshire. The village stands on a
burn of its own name, 5 miles east of
Biggar, and has a Free church and a public
school. — The parish is properly threefold,
Broughton, Glenholm, and Kilbucho,
contains Rachan Mill, with post office
under Biggar, and measures 9^ by 5^-
miles. Acres, 18,065. Real property in
1880-81, £9574. Pop. 665. The surface
comprises 3 vales, traversed by burns to
Biggar water, mostly flanked by hill
ranges, and 2 of them closed at the head
by lofty mountains. The seats are
Broughton Place, Mossfennan, Quarter,
and Rachan. The parochial church is in
Kilbucho, and public schools are in Kil-
bucho and Glenholm.

BROUGHTON, old suburb, now absorbed
in New Town of Edinburgh.

BROUGHTY FERRY, town and 2 quoad
sacra parishes, on south border of Forfar-
shire. The town stands on Firth of Tay,
3|- miles east of Dundee ; connects rail-
ways from the west, the north, and the
north-east with the ferry to Tayport ; is a

BRO

61

BUC

favourite watering-place, with numerous
villas and several mansions, and has a post
office, with all departments, under Dundee,
2 banking offices, 3 hotels, a renovated old
castle, a monument of 1860 to Dr. Thomas
Dick, 2 Established churches, 2 Free
churches, 3 United Presbyterian churches,
Congregational and Baptist chapels, an
Episcopalian church, a Good Templars'
hall of 1874, and 12 schools with accommo-
dation for 1305 scholars. 4 of the
churches — Established, Free, United Pres-
byterian, and Episcopalian — are recent and
handsome, and 2 of the schools and an en-
largement for 300 scholars are new. Pop. of
the town, 7407 ; of the 2 parishes, Droughty
Ferry and St. Stephens, 5549 and 1836.

BROW, decayed small watering-place on
Solway Firth, in Ruthwell parish, Dum-
friesshire. The poet Burns made his last
and vain effort here for regaining health.

BROWHOUSES, village on ooast of
Gretna parish, Dumfriesshire.

BROWN-CARRICK, broad-based hill, 940
feet high, with magnificent view, between
Doon river and Firth of Clyde, Ayrshire.

BROWNFIELD, part of Glasgow, ad-
jacent to east side of Anderston.

BROWNHILLS, seat near St. Andrews,
Fife.

BROWNLEE, and WEST BROWNLEE,

seats near Dalserf, Lanarkshire.

BROXBURN, rivulet, entering the sea
about a mile south-east of Dunbar,
Haddingtonshire.

BROXBURN, rivulet and town in east of
Linlithgowshire. The rivulet runs about
8 miles east-north-eastward to the Almond,
at | mile above Kirkliston. — The town
stands on the rivulet, 12 miles west-by-
south of Edinburgh, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Edinburgh, a public hall of
1872, a United Presbyterian church of
1881, a Roman Catholic school-chapel, and
a public school with about 212 scholars.
Pop. 3066.

BROXMOUTH, a seat of the Duke of
Roxburgh, 1£ mile east of Dunbar, Had-
dingtonshire. Its park was Cromwell's
headquarters on eve of the battle of Dun-
bar.

BRUAN, hamlet, 8 miles south-west of
Wick, Caithness. It has a Free church.

BRUAR, rivulet, running 10 miles south-
ward to the Garry at 3 miles west of
Blair- Athole, Perthshire. It makes in the
lower part of its course an enormous
descent, with series of cataracts and 3
famous falls.

BRUCEFIELD, seat in Clackmannan
parish, Clackmannanshire.

BRUCEFIELD, tract, alleged to have
been the battle-scene of 1308 between
Bruce and Comyn, in Bourtie parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BRUCEFIELD FEUS, village in Dun-
fermline parish, Fife.

BRUCEHAVEN, harbour, adjacent to
Limekilns village, Fife.

BRUCE'S CASTLE, place, alleged to have
been a retreat of King Robert Bruce, at
south-east skirt of Schichallion Mountain,
Perthshire.

BRUCH-NA-FREA, north-west summit
of Cuchullin Mountains, Isle of Skye.

BRUCKLAY, village in New Deer parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a railway station,
and a public school with about 78 scholars.

BRUIACH, lake in Kiltarlity parish,
Inverness-shire.

BRUNSTAIN, seat, If mile south of
Portobello, Edinburghshire.

BRUNSTANE, ruined ancient castle, 1\
miles south-west of Penicuick, Edinburgh-
shire.

BRUNSWARK, tabular-topped hill, 740
feet high, with magnificent view, 8 miles
north of Annan, Dumfriesshire. It was a
Roman central station, and it has well-
preserved remains of 2 Roman camps.

BRUNTISLAND. See Burntisland.

BRUNTON, village in Criech parish,
Fife. It has a post office under Cupar.

BRURIE, island in Nesting parish, Shet-
land. Pop. 50.

BRUX, seat in Tullynessle parish, Aber-
deenshire.

BRUXIE, hill in Arbuthnot parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

BRYDEKIRK. See Bridekikk.

BUACHAILLE, basaltic islet adjacent to
Staffa, Argyleshire.

BUACHAILLE-ETIVE, massive moun-
tain, 3120 feet high, at south side of head
of Glencoe, Argyleshire.

BUALNALUIB, place in Gairloch parish,
Ross-shire. It has a public school with
about 118 scholars.

BUCCLEUCH, ancienfc parish, now part
of Ettrick parish, Selkirkshire. It gives
the title of duke to the chief of the
family of Scott.

BUCCLEUCH, quoad sacra parish in
south side of Edinburgh. Pop. 9672.

BUCHAN, district in north of Aberdeen-
shire. It extends from the east coast
almost to the Deveron, and measures
about 40 miles by 27, and it gives the
title of earl to a branch of the family of
Erskine.

BUCHANAN, parish in west border of
Stirlingshire. It lies along the greater
part of Loch Lomond ; extends from head
of Loch Katrine to lowmost reach of
Endrick river ; includes Inchcallioch,
Inchmurrin, Inchfad, Inchdruin, and Inch-
torr islands ; contains Inversnaid, Rowar-
dennan, and Balmaha; and measures,
exclusive of the islands, about 20 miles
by 6. Its post town is Drymen, under
Glasgow, and stands adjacent to the
southern boundary. Acres, 41,598. Real
property in 1880-81, £8436. Pop. 550.
The surface consists mostly of the moun-
tain-ridge culminating in Benlomond, but
comprises a rich lowland tract between
the end of that ridge and the Endrick.
Buchanan House there is the seat of the
Duke of Montrose, and succeeded a

BUO

62

BUN

previous mansion accidentally burnt in
1850. The public . school has about 26
schol 3*rs

BU CH ANHAVEN, fishing village, subur-
ban to Peterhead, Aberdeenshire.

BUCHANNESS, promontory, 3 miles
south of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. An
islet near it shares its name, and has
a lighthouse with flashing light visible at
the distance of 16 nautical miles.

BUCHANTY, village in Fowlis-Wester
parish, Perthshire.

BUCHANY, village near Doune, Perth-
shire.

BUCHARIN, remnant of ancient castle
in Boharm parish, Banffshire.

BUCHLYVIE, village and quoad sacra
parish, with railway station, 15| miles west
of Stirling. The village has a post office
under Stirling, a banking office, a parochial
church of 1876, a Free church, a United
Presbyterian church, and a public school
with about 106 scholars. Pop. 319. — The
parish was constituted in 1875. Pop.
789.

BUCHOLIE, ruined strong old castle, on
coast of Canisbay parish, Caithness.

BUCKET, affluent of the Don, draining
Glenbucket, Aberdeenshire.

BUCKHAVEN, fishing town, 4£ miles
north-east of Dysart, Fife. It has a post
office, with money order and telegraph de-
partments, under Leven, 2 banking offices, a
pier and harbour formed under the Board
of Fisheries, a Free church, a United Pres-
byterian church, and 2 public schools with
about 420 scholars, and it presents a
curious irregular appearance, and figures
grotesquely in the old publication, History
of the College of Buckhaven. Pop. 2952.
A branch railway from Buckhaven to
Wemyss was opened in 1881.

BUCKHOLMSIDE, part of Galashiels
town.

BUCKIE, town and quoad sacra parish
on coast of Banffshire. The town stands
5 miles west - by - south of Oullen ; is
bisected by a burn of its own name,
dividing it into East Buckie and Nether
Buckie ; has a post office with all depart-
ments under Fochabers, 2 banking offices,
a new harbour constructed in 1874-80 at
cost of £60,000, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, Episcopalian, and Roman
Catholic churches, and male and female
public schools with about 152 and 96
scholars, and is the headquarters of one
of the 25 fishery districts of Scotland.
A branch railway to it from Keith was
decided on in March 1882. Pop. of the
town, 4175 ; of the quoad sacra parish, 4349.

BUCKIE, glen in Balquhidder parish,
Perthshire.

BUCKLAND, affluent of the Dee, near
Kirkcudbright.

BUCKLAW, seat in New Deer parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BU CKLERHE AD, hamlet in Murroes
parish, Forfarshire.

BUCKLERHOLE, vestige of old Border

fortalice, in Mouswald parish, Dumfries-
shire.

BUCKLYVIE. See Buchlyvie.

BUCK OF CABRACH. See Cabrach.

BUDDO, dangerous rock in St. Andrews
Bay, Fife.

BUDDONNESS, low, sandy headland at
north side of mouth of Firth of Tay,
Forfarshire.

BUIE, stream entering Loch Creran,
Argyleshire.

BUIE, lake in Criech parish, Suther-
land.

BUILG, lake in Kirkmichael parish,
Banffshire.

BUITTLE, parishbetween Castle-Douglas
and Dalbeattie, and extending to the
coast at west side of Urr river, Kirkcud-
brightshire. It contains Palnackie village,
and its post town is Castle-Douglas. Its
length is 10 miles, its greatest breadth 3|
miles, its area 11,391 acres. Keal property
in 1880-81, £12,994. Pop. 991. The
surface is finely diversified with hill and
dale. Granite abounds, and was for some
time extensively quarried. Buittle Castle,
now represented by only vaults and
ditches, was a favourite residence of John
Baliol. There are 2 public schools for 144
scholars, and 1 of them is new.

BULAY, two islets, Greater and Lesser,
off south coast of Skye.

BULLERHOLES, place, with public
school, in Kilwinning parish, Ayrshire.

BULLERS OF BUCHAN, village and
shattered range of sea cliff, 5^ miles
south of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. The
cliff is intricately torn and perforated, and
includes a natural tunnel with shaft swept
by sea-billows in storms.

BULLIONFIELD, place, with paperworks,
adjacent to Invergowrie, 4 miles west of
Dundee.

BULLION WELL, mineral spring in
Ecclesmachan parish, Linlithgowshire.

BULVICAR, bay in Seil Island, Argyle-
shire.

BULWARK, place in Old Deer parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a public school
with about 69 scholars.

BUNACHTON, lake on north border of
Daviot parish, Inverness-shire.

BUNAVOULIN, place in Morvern parish,
Argyleshire. It has a post office under
Fort-William, and a public school with
about 48 scholars.

BUNA WE, village at influx of river Awe
to Loch Etive, Argyleshire. It adjoins
extensive ironworks, and maintains a
ferry across Loch Etive.

BUNCHREW, railway station and seat,
3| miles west of Inverness.

BUNDALLOCH, fishing village on Loch
Long, in Kintail parish, Ross-shire.

BUNESS, seat and chrome quarry in
Unst Island, Shetland.

BUNESSAN. See Bonessan.

BUNKER'S HILL, site of James Square,
Edinburgh.

BUNKLE, parish, averagely 3j miles

BUN"

63

BUR

north-north -east of Dunse, Berwickshire.
Post town, Edrom. Acres, 9189. Real
property in 1880-81, £12,136. Pop. 726.
The south-eastern section is nearly level,
and the north-western is part of the
Lammermoors, called Bunkle Edge. The
seats are Blanerne, Cruiksfield, and Easter
Cruicksfield. The public school has about
75 scholars.

BUNMAN, hill with fine view in Kirk-
maiden parish, Wigtonshire.

BUNROY, hamlet in Kilmonivaig parish,
Inverness-shire.

BUNZEON, estate in Cults parish,
Fife.

BURDIEHOUSE, hamlet, with limekilns,
on burn of its own name, 3^ miles south
of Edinburgh. The burn runs 8J miles
from the Pentlands north-eastward to
Firth of Forth.

BURD YARDS, estate in Forres parish,
Elginshire.

BURG, bold headland in Kilfinichen
parish, Argyleshire.

BURGAR, seat in Evie parish, Orkney.
BURGHEAD, bay, promontory, town,
and quoad sacra parish in Elginshire.
The bay lies immediately east of mouth of
Findhorn river, has'a proximately half -moon
form on a chord of about 4 miles, and is
entirely exposed to the north-north-west.
— The promontory flanks the east side of
the bay, projects about •§ mile from the
adjacent coast line, presents to the sea a
precipitous front about 80 feet high, and
was the site of successively a Roman
station and Scandinavian works. — The
town stands on the south-west slope of
the promontory, at terminus of branch
railway, 11 miles north-west of Elgin ; is
a watering-place, a small seaport, and an
important fishing-station, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Elgin, a banking office,
a hotel, a suite of baths, a public reading-
room, an artificial harbour, Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian churches,
and 2 public schools with about 305
scholars. Pop. of the town, 1411 ; of the
quoad sacra parish, 2059.

BURGIE, estate, with ancient castle,
modern mansion, and public school, in
Bafford parish, Elginshire.

BURLEIGH, ruined baronial castle,
near Milnathort, Kinross-shire. It
belonged to the Lords Balfour, who were
attainted in 1716, and whose descendant
was restored to the peerage in 1869.

BURN, seat in Fettercairn parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

BURNBANK, fishing village in Nigg
parish, Kincardineshire.

BURNBANK, streamlet running to the
Forth in Kincardine parish, Perthshire.

BURNBRAE, place near Methven, Perth-
shire. It has a post office under Perth.

BURNBRIDGE, village in Muiravonside
parish, Stirlingshire.

BURNESS, parish in Sanday Island,
Orkney. It comprises the island's

north-west peninsula, and is united to
Cross.

BURNESS, lake in Westray Island,
Orkney.

BURNFOOT, small harbour at head of
Luce Bay, Wigtonshire.

BURNFOOT, small harbour in Rerrick
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BURNFOOT, seat in Westerkirk parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BURNFOOT, places in Carriden parish,
Linlithgowshire ; Glendovan parish, Perth-
shire ; Gargunnock parish, Stirlingshire ;
and Lochwinnoch parish , Renfrewshire.

BURNFOOTHILL, town in Dalmelling-
ton parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 1690.

BURNHAVEN, fishing village in Peter-
head parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a
public school which about 94 scholars.
Pop. 320.

BURNHEAD, hamlet in Penpont parish,
Dumfriesshire. It has a United Presby-
terian church.

BURNHEAD. place in Dunscore parish,
Dumfriesshire. It has a public school
with about 113 scholars.

BURNHOUSE, village in Beith parish,
Ayrshire.

BURNHOUSE, seat in Stow parish,
Edinburghshire.

BURNMOUTH, fishing village in Ayton
parish, Berwickshire. It has a railway
station, and a public school with about 100
scholars. Pop. with Ross, 371.

BURN OF CAMBUS, place near Doune,
Perthshire. It has a post office under
Stirling.

BURN OF VAT, streamlet crossing a
vertical vat-like cave, in east end of Tullich
section of Glenmuick parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

BURN ROW, village in Slamannan
parish, Stirlingshire. Pop. 353.

BURNS, hamlet in Milton section of
Markinch parish, Fife.

BURNSIDE, village, suburban to Dum-
barton. Pop. 386.

BURNSIDE, village in Muiravonside
parish, Stirlingshire.

BURNSIDE, village, suburban to Kettle,
Fife.

BURNSIDE, place in Tannadice parish,
Forfarshire. It has a public school, with
about 67 scholars.

BURNSIDE, part of Kilsyth burgh,
Stirlingshire. It has a public school with
about 247 scholars.

BURNSIDE, place in Dairy parish, Ayr-
shire. It has a public school with about
104 scholars.

BURNSIDE, village in St. Cyrus parish,
Kincardineshire.

BURNSIDE, village in Nairn parish,
Nairnshire.

BURNSIDE, seat in Rathven parish,
Banffshire.

BURNSIDE, hamlet near Birnam, Perth-
shire.

BURNSIDE, seat in Rescobie parish,
Forfarshire.

BUR

64

BUT

BURNSWARK. See Bkunswabk.
BURNTISLAND, town and parish on
south coast of Fife. The town stands on
Firth of Forth, 6 miles south-west-by-south
of Kirkcaldy ; occupies a low peninsula in
front of near screen of high sheltering hills ;
connects the railways through Fife with
the ferry to Granton ; belonged anciently
to Dunfermline Abbey, and had once
defensive walls, but figures little in history ;
ranks now as a sea-bathing resort, a sea-
port, a royal burgh, and a parliamentary
burgh, uniting with Kinghom, Kirkcaldy,
and Dysart in sending a member to
Parliament ; comprises 2 principal
streets, parallel to each other, and some
lanes ; and has a head post office with all
departments, 2 banking offices, a hotel,
extensive waterworks, an excellent arti-
ficial harbour, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, and Episcopalian churches,
a public school with capacity for 600
scholars, and several local institutions.
New waterworks, constructed at a cost of
about £25,000, were opened in 1879 ; and
together with previous works they yield
to the inhabitants 70 gallons per head per
day. The harbour, even prior to the rail-
way period, was the best on the Firth of
Forth, and had much capacity and good
appliances ; and it underwent much ex-
tension and improvement to fit it for
the purposes of the railway ferry. A new
dock also was completed in December
1876, at a cost of more than £90,000;
measures 530 feet in length, 450 feet in
breadth, and 5| acres in water area ; and
has a depth of 22J feet on the sill at high
water of spring tides. The shipment of
coal forms a prominent business, and is
aided by two hydraulic hoists, which cost
£4000. The export trade underwent great
increase after 1876, continued to rise
steadily and rapidly, while that of nearly
all the other ports of Scotland underwent
depression, and was so high in the latter
part of 1879 as to yield harbour revenue
at the rate of about £11,000 a year. Eeal
property of the burgh in 1880-81, £23,904.
Pop. 4099. — The parish contains also
Kirkton village, and comprises 2565 acres.
Real property of landward part in 1880-81 .
£9491. Pop. 4821. The coast is about
3 miles long, — -g- sandy, and f rocky. The
interior, for about ^ mile from the shore,
is low, and afterwards rises abruptly into
bold hills. The seats are Colinswell, New-
bigging, and Grange ; and other interesting
objects are Rossend Castle, Knockdavie
ruined fortalice, and remains at Kirkton
of the ancient parochial church. There
are 3 schools, with accommodation for 951
scholars.

BURNWELL, seat near Kilmarnock,
Ayrshire.

BURRA, 2 islands, parish, and quoad
sacra parish in south of Shetland. The
islands are East and West Burra, they lie
off the west coast, divided by Cliff Sound
from the mainland, averagely about 10

miles south-west of Lerwick ; they extend
parallel to each other, respectively 6 and
5 miles, and are in one place so near each
other as to be connected by a rude bridge ;
and they consist mostly of narrow hill-ridges
with rocky shores. Pop. 215 and 427. —
The parish includes also Hevera and Papa
Islands, is united to Bressay, and has a
post office under Lerwick. — The quoad
sacra parish includes also Quarff. Pop.
918. See Bressay.

BURRA FIRTH, deep sandy bay in north
of Unst Island, Shetland.

BURRANESS, headland, with Scandina-
vian fort, in north-east of Yell Island,
Shetland.

BURRAVOE, bay and hamlet at south-
east extremity of Yell Island, Shetland.
The hamlet has a post office under Lerwick,
a chapel-of-ease, and a public school.

BURRAY, island and parish in south-
east of Orkney. The island lies between
South Ronaldshay and Pomona, measures
about 4J miles in length, and 2| miles in
extreme breadth, and has a post office
under Kirkwall, a chapel-of-ease, and a
public school with about 131 scholars.
Pop. 685. — The parish includes also
Hun da and Glenisholm Islands, and is
united to South Ronaldshay.

BURRELTON, village near Wood side
railway station, 13J miles north-east of
Perth. It has a post office under Coupar-
Angus, and a Free church. Pop. with
Woodside, 486.

BURWICK, place on south-east of South
Ronaldshay, Orkney. It has a post office
under Kirkwall, and an inn.

BUSBY, town on the White Cart, 6
miles south-by-west of Glasgow. It is a
seat of manufacture, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Glasgow, a railway station,
a Free church, a United Presbyterian
church, a Roman Catholic chapel of 1880,
and a public school with about 257
scholars. Pop. 2155.

BUSH, seat in Glencorse parish, Edin-
burghshire.

BUSH, burn on eastern boundary of
Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

BUSTA, eastward branch of St. Magnus
Bay, Shetland.

BUTE, island in Firth of Clyde. It is
separated from Argyleshire by the narrow
channel called Kyles of Bute ; it extends
16 miles south - south - eastward, with a
breadth of from 2 to 5 miles ; it has mostly
a rocky coast, with intervention of fine
beachy bays ; it comprises 4 districts,
separated by nearly parallel dingles ; it
exhibits a pleasing variety of hill, rising
ground, slope, and vale ; it rises to a
height of nearly 1000 feet in the north,
and to heights of more than 500 feet in
the middle and the south; it contains a
lake of fully 388 acres, and 6 smaller
lakes ; it gives the titles of earl and
marquis to a branch of the family of
Stuart, and it contains the Marquis's

BUT

65

CAE

magnificent re-constructed seat of Mount
Stuart. Pop. 10,998.

BUTE (KYLES OF). See Kyles OF
Bute.

BUTELAND, estate in Currie parish,
Edinburghshire.

BUTE (NORTH), parish containing Port-
Bannatyne or Kamesburgh village, and
comprising the northern part of Bute
Island and all Inchmarnock, Buteshire.
Acres, 14,764. Real property in 1880-81,
£12,196. Pop. 1192. The post office
is Kamesburgh, under Rothesay ; the
churches are Established and Free ; and
2 public schools, with accommodation
for 263 scholars, belong jointly to it and
the landward parts of Rothesay parish.

BUTESHIRE, insular county in Firth of
Clyde. It comprises the islands of Bute,
Arran, Big Cumbray, Little Cumbray,
Holy Isle, Inchmarnock, and Pladda, and
has an area of 225 square miles. Real
property in 1880-81, £115,991. Pop. in
1871, 16,977 ; in 1881, 17,666. The only
towns are Rothesay and Millport, and the
only village with more than 500 inhabitants
is Port-Bannatyne. The county, inclusive
of Rothesay burgh, sends one member to
Parliament.

BUTTERGASK, village in Ardoch parish,
Perthshire.

BUTTERSTONE, village, seat, and lake
in Caputh parish, Perthshire. The village
has a post office under Dunkeld.

BUTT OF LEWIS, bold rugged promon-
tory at northern extremity of Lewis, Outer
Hebrides. A lighthouse is on it, with
fixed light visible at the distance of 18
nautical miles.

BUTTURICH, modern seat, on site of large
ancient fortalice, near Loch Lomond, 2
miles north of Balloch, Dumbartonshire.

BUXBURN, place on burn of its own
name, 5 miles north-west of Aberdeen. It
has a railway station, an Episcopalian
chapel of 1880, and a public school with
about 112 scholars.

BYRES, estate, 3 miles north-north- west
of Hamilton. It gives the title of baron to
the Earl of Haddington.

BYTH, seat in King Edward parish,
Aberdeenshire. See also Newbtth.

CAAF, affluent of the Garnock, Ayrshire.

CABRACH, parish in Aberdeenshire and
Banffshire, averagely about 11 miles west-
south- west of Huntly. It has a post office
under Aberdeen. Its length is 12 miles ;
its greatest breadth 8 miles ; its area 14,622
acres in Aberdeenshire, and 19,481 acres in
Banffshire. Real property in 1880-81,
£1347 and £2107. Pop. 312 and 370.
The entire surface is mountainous, and the
Buck of Cabrach, on its eastern boundary,
has a height of 2368 feet above sea-level.
The churches are Established and United
Presbyterian. There are 2 public schools
for 170 scholars, and 1 of them and a class-
room are new.

CACHILRIGH, hill in Torphichen parish,
Linlithgowshire.

CADBOLL, ancient castle, now represented
by only two or three vaults, on coast of
Fearn parish, Ross-shire.

CADDAM, extinct village in Coupar-
Angus parish, Perthshire.

CADDEN, extinct old castle on peninsular
rock in Kinneff parish, Kincardineshire.

CADDER, affluent of the Avon in Avon-
dale parish, Lanarkshire.

CADDER, village and parish on north
border of Lanarkshire. The village stands
adjacent to the site of a fort of Antoninus'
"Wall, near the river Kelvin, 5 miles north-
north-east of Glasgow, and is a small
scattered place, but contains the parochial
church, erected in 1830, and a public
school with about 124 scholars. — The parish
contains also the villages of Bishopbriggs,
Chryston, Auchinairn, Garnkirk, Mollin-
burn, Auchenloch, Muirhead, and Moodies-
burn, and parts of Lenzie and Garnqueen.
Its length is about 10 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 3f miles ; its area 13,969
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £49,508.
Pop., quoad civilia, 6965; quoad sacra,
2934. The surface is all low, and either
level or but slightly undulated. The soils
are exceedingly various. Coal, limestone,
and fine sandstone are more or less plenti-
ful; and rich extensive beds of fire-clay
lie around Garnkirk. The chief seats are
Cadder House, Garnkirk, Gartloch, Spring-
field, Bedlay, Robroyston, Gartferry, and
Glaudhall; and principal objects of antiqua-
rian interest are vestiges of Antoninus' Wall
and site of the house in which Sir William
Wallace was betrayed. The churches are
2 Established, 2 Free, and a United Presby-
terian. There are 7 schools for 1213
scholars, and 3 of them for 870 are new.

CADDON, affluent of the Tweed, drain-
ing the part of Stow parish within Selkirk-
shire.

CADDONFOOT, quoad sacra parish around
influx of the Caddon to the Tweed, aver-
agely 4J miles west-south-west of Gala-
shiels. It contains Clovenfords village,
with post office under Galashiels, and has
a church, enlarged in 1875, and a new
public school with accommodation for 135
scholars. Pop. 693.

CADZOW, burn running from Glassford
through Hamilton to the Clyde ; village and
quoad sacra parish on Hamilton part of
that burn ; and ruined castellated seat of
ancestors of the Duke of Hamilton on
Avon river, 1£ mile south-south-east of
Hamilton. Pop., of the village, 675; of
the quoad sacra parish, 7163.

CAERBANTORIGUM, ancient Caledonian
fort on hill with very extensive view in
Kirkcudbright parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAERKETAN, or KIRKYETTAN, one of
the Pentland Hills, in Colinton parish,
Edinburghshire.

CAERLANRIG, tract in Teviothead par-
ish, Roxburghshire.

CAERLAVEROCK, peninsular parish, be-
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G6

CAI

tween the Nith and the Lochar, on the
coast of Dumfriesshire. It contains Glen-
caple and Bankend villages, each with post
office under Dumfries ; contains also 4
smaller villages, and part of Kelton. Its
length is about 6 miles ; its greatest breadth
about miles ; its area 5664 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £9086. Pop. 1046.
The south-eastern part is low and level ;
and the middle and north-western parts
are an elongated hill, descending gradually
to the Nith and to the Lochar. Conheath
House is a chief residence. Vestiges of
Caledonian and Roman works are on the
hill. Caerlaverock Castle, one of the
grandest baronial ruins in Scotland, stands
near the mouth of the Nith ; was erected
about 1420 on site of a previous strong
castle ; served both as an important for-
tress and a noble residence ; forms three
sides of a triangle with interior open court ;
exhibits much beauty of architecture and
sculpture ; is so well preserved as to
retain a comparatively fresh aspect ; and
appears to have been in some respects,
though not in all, the prototype of Sir
"Walter Scott's ' Ellangowan ' in his Guy
Mannering. The grave and monument of
the person whose popular soubriquet gave
title to Sir Walter's Old Mortality are in
the parochial burying-ground. The churches
are Established and Free, and the latter is
in Glencaple. The public school is called
Hutton Hall, and has about 113 scholars.

CAERWINNING, hill, with vestiges of
ancient fortification, near Dairy, Ayrshire.

CAILM, lake in Reay parish, Caith-
ness.

CAINAIL, glen in Torosay parish, Mull
Island, Argyleshire.

CAIRN, small river, uniting with the
Glenesland to form the Cluden, on west
border of Dumfriesshire.

CAIRN, hill in Tundergarth parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CAIRN, hill in Kirkmaiden parish, Wig-
tonshire.

CAIRN, two summits of the Pentlands,
East and West, 1839 and 1844 feet high, in
Edinburghshire.

CAIRN, hill in Culsamond parish, Aber-
deenshire.

CAIRNAIG, rivulet, entering the Fleet,
in Sutherland.

CAIRNAKAY, mountain ridge, south-
westward from Benrinnes to the Aven's
glen, in Banffshire.

CAIRN APPLE, lofty hill on east border
of Torphichen parish, Linlithgowshire.

CAIRN- A-QUHEEN, stone tumulus about
1J mile west of Crathie church, Aberdeen-
shire. Its name was the war-cry of the
ancient clans of Deeside.

CAIRN-ARC, very ancient large cairn
near mouth of river Ness, Inverness-shire.

CAIRN - A - VAIN, ancient large cairn,
orowning one of the Ochil Hills, on north
border of Orwell parish, Kinross-shire.

CAIRNAVERAN, hill, crowned with
cairn, in Alford parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNBALLOCH, one of the Monadh-
leadh mountains, Inverness-shire.

CAIRNBAN, place, with nine locks on
Crinal Canal, 2\ miles west-north-west of
Lochgilphead, Argyleshire.

CAIRNBAN, mountain, 3443 feet high,
10 miles east - north - east of Kingussie,
Inverness-shire.

CAIRNBANNO, seat, 11 miles west-south-
west of Mintlaw, Aberdeenshire. The
tract around it has one public school of its
name, with about 124 scholars, in New
Deer parish ; and another, with about 31
scholars, in Monquhitter.

CAIRNBANNOCH, mountain, 3314 feet
high, near Lochnagar, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNBARROW, farm, with large cairns,
in Glass parish, Banffshire.

CAIRNBEDDIE, village in St. Martin's
parish, Perthshire. A moated mound here
is said to have been the site of a castle of
Macbeth.

CAIRNBRAN, large cairn in Loth parish,
Sutherland.

CAIRNBRENNOCH, mountain on north
verge of Blair- Athole parish, Perthshire.

CAIRNBROE, or CARNBROE, seat in
Bothwell parish, Lanarkshire.

CAIRNBULG, headland, conspicuous
ruined baronial castle, and fishing village
2\ miles south-east of Fraserburgh, Aber-
deenshire. The village possesses, con-
jointly with Inverallochy, a quoad sacra
parochial church, and a large public school.
Pop. 459.

CAIRNBURGBEG, and CAIRNBURG-
MORE, two of the Treshinish Isles near
north-west coast of Mull, Argyleshire.

CAIRNCHUNAIG, lofty mountain on
mutual border of Rosskeen and Kincardine
parishes, Ross-shire.

CAIRNCONAN, hill, with very fine view,
on west border of St. Vigeans parish, For-

CAIRN-CUILDICH, true site of original
Culdee establishment on west coast of Iona
Island, Ax-gyleshire.

CAIRNDOW, hamlet on east side near
head of Loch Fyne, Argyleshire. It com-
municates by steamboat with Inverary,
and has a post office, designated of
Argyleshire, and a good inn.

CAIRNECLAR, mountain, 3250 feet high,
13 miles north of Bridge of Tilt, Perth-
shire.

CAIRNESS, estate, with modern man-
sion, and with post office under Aberdeen,
in Lonmay parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNEY. See Cairnie.

CAIRNEYHILL, village, 3 miles west-
south- west of Dunfermline, Fife. It has
a United Presbyterian church with 400
sittings, and a public school with about
89 scholars. Pop. 293.

CAIRNEYHILL, village adjacent to Bank-
foot, in Auchtergaven parish, Perthshire.

CAIRNFARRY, headland at north end of
Gigha Island, Argyleshire.

CAIRNFERG, conspicuous conical moun-
tain in Birse parish, Aberdeenshire.

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67

CAI

CAIRNFIELD, seat in Rathven parish,
Banffshire.

CAIRNGARROCH, bay in Kirkmaiden
parish, Wigton shire.

CAIRNGORMS, alpine mountain group
of Central Grampians around meeting-
point of Aberdeenshire, Banffshire, and
Inverness-shire. They occupy an area of
about 140 square miles ; they comprise
a number of masses and summits, separated
by depressions and glens ; they culminate
in Benmacdhu at an altitude of 4296 feet
above sea-level ; and they give their name
to certain fine rock crystals.

CAIRNGRASSIE, place near Stonehaven,
Kincardineshire. It has a post office
under Stonehaven.

CAIRNGREGOR, mountain at source of
Nairn river, 16 miles south of Inverness.

CAIRNHARROW, hill, 1497 feet high,
with extensive fine view, 4 miles south-
east of Creetown, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAIRNHILL, seat near Airdrie, Lanark-
shire.

CAIRNHILL, seat near Kilmarnock, Ayr-
shire.

CAIRNHOLY, tumulus of antiquarian
note in Kirkmabreck parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

CAIRNIE, parish, chiefly in Aberdeen-
shire, and partly in Banffshire. It lies
midway between Huntly and Keith, and
has a post office under Huntly. Its length
is 8 miles ; its greatest breadth nearly
4| miles. Real property in 1880-81 of
the Aberdeenshire part, £7701 ; of the
Banffshire part, £912. Pop. 1565 and 60.
Some of the surface is low ground, with
deep fertile soil ; and some consists of
hills, largely covered with plantation.
About nine-tenths of the whole belong to
the Duke of Richmond. . The churches are
Established and Free. There are five
schools for 310 scholars, and one of them
for 70 is new.

CAIRNIE, seat in Kilconquhar parish,
Fife.

CAIRNIE, seat in Cupar parish, Fife.
CAIRNIEMOUNT, or CAIRN-O'-MOUNT,

hill, 1488 feet high, at meeting-point of
Fordoun, Fettercairn, and Strachan par-
ishes, Kincardineshire.

CAIRNIES, estate, with Scottish Episco-
pal college, on the Almond, 10 miles west-
north-west of Perth. It has a post office
under Perth.

CAIRN-IRENAN, spot of antiquarian
interest, giving name by transmutation to
Killearnan parish, Ross-shire.

CAIRNISH. See Cakinish.

CAIRNKINNA, mountain, 1813 feet high,
in Penpont parish, Dumfriesshire.

CAIRNLAW, mountain, 3| miles east-
south-east of Tweedsmuir church, Peebles-
shire.

CAIRNMONEARN, lofty hill, one of the
Grampians, in Durris parish, Kincardine-
shire.

CAIRNMORE, mountain in Strathdon
parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNMORE, large cairn of antiquarian
interest in Aboyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNMORE, each of two farms named
from large cairns in Logie-Coldstone parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNMORE, farm, named from large
cairn, in Glass parish, Banffshire.

CAIRNMUIR, cairn, 456 feet in circuit,
and 14 feet high, in Caputh parish, Perth-
shire.

CAIRNMUIR, seat in Kirkurd parish,
I^GGfolGSstiirG.

CAIRN-NA- CUIMHNE, historical cairn,
contiguous to narrow pass on the Dee, in
Crathie parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNNOVVIE, place in Methlick parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Aberdeen, and a public school with about
95 scholars.

CAIRN-O'-MOUNT. See Cairniemount.

CAIRNPIOT, hill, 593 feet high, with
fine view, and with vestiges of military
works, in Portpatrick parish, Wigtonshire.

CAIRNRYAN, seaport village on Loch
Ryan, 6J miles north of Stranraer, Wig-
tonshire. It has a post office under Stran-
raer, an Established church, and a Free
church.

CAIRNS, ruined baronial fortalice in
Mid-Calder parish, Edinburghshire.

CAIRNSERY, lake near Poolewe, Ross-
shire.

CAIRNSMORE, seat in Minnigaff parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAIRNSMUIR, mountain, 2331 feet high,
with magnificent view, on mutual border
of Minnigaff and Kirkmabreck parishes,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAIRNSMUIR, mountain, 2612 feet high,
in Carsphairn parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAIRNTABLE, mountain, 1944 feet high,
on mutual border of Muirkirk parish, Ayr-
shire, and Douglas parish, Lanarkshire.

CAIRNTAGGART, mountain, about 3000
feet high, on mutual border of Crathie and
Glenmuick parishes, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNTOUL, alpine mountain, 4241 feet
high, one of the Cairngorms, Aberdeenshire
and Inverness-shire.

CAIRNVAICKAN, mountain, 2442 feet
high, 3 miles south of Strathdon church,
Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNWILLIAM, mountain on mutual
border of Tough and Monymusk parishes,
Aberdeenshire.

CAIRSTON, place in Stromness parish,
Orkney. It gives name to a presbytery of
the Established Church.

CAISTEAL-ABHAIL, summit, 2735 feet
high, north-west of Goatfell, Arran Island,
Buteshire.

CAITESEAL, hill, 1250 feet high, ad-
jacent to Loch Seaforth, Lewis, Outer
Hebrides.

CAITHA, hamlet in Stow parish, Edin-
burghshire. It has a public school with
about 46 scholars.

CAITHNESS, county in extreme north-
east of mainland of Scotland. Its length
is 53 miles ; its greatest breadth 33 miles ;

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its coast-line 105 miles ; its circuit about
145 miles ; its area 712 square miles. The
coast, with exception of that of some
bays, is bold and rocky, and in some parts
cavernous. The landward border, com-
mencing with the Ord on south-east coast,
and terminating 12 miles west-south-west
of Thurso on north coast, is nearly all
upland, partly mountainous, partly hilly,
and attains on one summit an altitude of
2331 feet. The interior, with small excep-
tion, is tame low country, either flat or
but slightly undulated, and includes a
large proportion of deep bog and moorish
morass. The chief rivers are the Thurso,
the Wick, and the Berriedale ; but they
have little economical value except for
their fish. The lakes are very numerous,
but only 3 of them are each more than
1 mile long. Sandstone flag is a principal
rock, and is very extensively quarried and
exported. Agriculture, especially as viewed
under disadvantageous conditions of soil and
climate, is highly improved and skilful.
The fishing, curing, and exporting of her-
ring is a prominent industry. The chief
towns are "Wick and Thurso ; and the chief
villages are Castletown, Lybster, Halkirk,
Keiss, and Sarclet. Heal property in
1880-81, £133,922. Pop. in 1871, 39,992 ;
in 1881, 38,845.

CAITNISH, place, with series of cascades,
on river Orchy, in Glenorchy parish,
Argyleshire.

CAKEMUIR, old castle in Cranston par-
ish, Edinburghshire. An apartment in
it is called Queen Mary's room, and got
that name from having received her on
her flight from Borthwick Castle.

CALAIR, impetuous burn in Balquhidder
parish, Perthshire.

CALART, hill at eastern boundary of
Rothiemurchus parish, Inverness-shire.

CALASAND, bay on east side of Sanday
Island, Orkney.

CALDARVAN, seat in Kilmaronock parish,
Dumbartonshire.

C ALDER, district in extreme west of
Edinburghshire. It was early divided into
Calder-Comitis on the west, and Calder-
Clere on the east ; and the former section
was afterwards divided into Mid-Calder
and West-Calder.

C ALDER, seat of Lord Torphichen in
Mid-Calder parish, Edinburghshire.

CALDER, rivulet, running about 10 miles
north-eastward to the Clyde, at 5J miles
south-east of Glasgow. It is called Park
burn in its upper part, Calder in its middle
part, and Rotten Calder in its lower part.

CALDER, rivulet, running 7 miles east-
south-eastward to Castle Semple Loch, in
west of Renfrewshire.

CALDER, rivulet, entering left side of
the Spey, in Kingussie parish, Inverness-
shire.

CALDER, hamlet and lake in north-west
of Halkirk parish, Caithness. The hamlet
has a post office under Thurso, and a public
school with about 52 scholars. The lake is

about 2 miles long, and sends off a burn of
its own name to Thurso river.

CALDER, Lanarkshire. See Caddl:r.

CALDER, Nairnshire. See Cawdor.

CALDERBANK, town on North Calder
river, partly in Bothwell parish, but chiefly
in Old Monkland, Lanarkshire. It has a
post office under Airdrie, and an Established
church ; is adjacent to a rich mineral field ;
and was proposed near end of 1872 to be
reached by a branch railway. Pop. 1749.

CALDERBANK, seat in Blantyre parish,
Lanarkshire.

CALDERBRAES, suburb of Calderbank
town, Lanarkshire.

CALDERCRUIX, village with railway sta-
tion, 4|- miles east of Airdrie, Lanarkshire.
Pop. 306.

CALDER (EAST), village and parish on
west border of Edinburghshire. The village
stands near Mid-Calder railway station,
11 miles west-south- west of Edinburgh,
and has a ruined ancient parochial church , a
United Presbyterian church, and a public
school with about 174 scholars. Pop. 734.
— The parish was originally Calder-Clere
barony, and is now united to Kirknewton.

CALDERGROVE, seat in Cambuslang
parish, Lanarkshire.

CALDERHALL, seat in Kirknewton par-
ish, Edinburghshire.

CALDERHAUGH, place in Lochwinnoch
parish, Renfrewshire.

CALDERHEAD, registration district, dis-
joined in 1863 from Cambusnethan and
Shotts,Lanarkshire. It has an Established
church. Pop. 4158.

CALDER IRONWORKS, town on North
Calder river, comprising Calder Proper in
Old Monkland parish, and New Carnbroe in
Bothwell parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 2180.

CALDER (MID), village and parish in
west of Edinburghshire. The village
stands on Almond river, 2£ miles west of
railway station of its own name, 10 miles
south-west of Edinburgh, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Edinburgh, a public
hall of 1880, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and 2 public schools
with about 197 scholars. Pop. 657.— The
parish contains also the village of Bells -
quarry, extends south-eastward to water-
shed of Pentland Hills, and is 9 miles
long, but comparatively narrow. Acres,
12,294. Real property in 1880-81, £17,431.
Pop. 1695. The north-western section is
mostly level and fertile ; the south-eastern
section ascends to the summits of Cairn
Hills ; and the total surface is about one-
third arable and two - thirds pastoral.
The chief residence is Calder House ; and
chief antiquities are a Roman camp, ruins
of Cairns and Murieston Castles, and the
ancient towers and battlements of Lin-
house. Public schools are at Bellsquarry
and Causewayend.

CALDER (NORTH), small river, running
13 miles south-westward to the Clyde, at 5
miles south-east of Glasgow.

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69

CAL

CALDERS, cliff-screened small sea-inlet
in Wick parish, Caithness.

CALDERSIDE, place on the Calder, in
Blantyre parish, Lanarkshire.

CALDER (SOUTH), small river, running
about 11 miles south-westward to the
Clyde, at 1\ mile north of Hamilton. It
is crossed, near Motherwell, by a lofty
viaduct of Caledonian Railway.

CALDER (WEST), town and parish in
extreme west of Edinburghshire. The
town stands 15f miles south-west of Edin-
burgh ; was only a village with 434 inhabi-
tants in 1851 ; rose rapidly to the condition
of a great centre of industry ; flourishes in
connection with paraffin works, collieries,
and ironworks in an extensive tract around
it ; and has a head post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, a railway
station, a banking office, Established, Free,
United Presbyterian, and Eoman Catholic
churches, and a public school with about
254 scholars. Pop. 2291. — The parish
contains also Addiewell town and Gavie-
side, Mossend, and Cobinshaw villages.
Its length is nearly 9 miles ; its breadth from
1J to 9 miles ; its area 21,089 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £43,846. Pop. 7681.
The surface has a general elevation of
nearly 500 feet above sea-level, and rises
in the south-east to the watershed of
Pentlands. Bituminous minerals, lime-
stone, and ironstone are plentiful. The
chief residences are Hermand, Harburn,
and Limefield ; and the chief antiquities
are an old castle and remains of a Roman
camp. There are 8 schools for 1499
scholars, and one of them for 200 is new.

CALDERWOOD, seat of Sir William
Maxwell, Bart., in East Kilbride parish,
Lanarkshire.

CALDHAM, hamlet in Marykirk parish,
Kincardineshire.

CALDRON, cascade into dark cavern on
Lednock river, near Comrie, Perthshire.

CALDRON, series of cascades on the
Devon, near Crook of Devon, or meeting-
point of Perthshire and Kinross-shire.

CALDRONLEE, place, with limeworks,
in Kirkpatrick-Fleming parish, Dumfries-
shire.

CALDWELL, seat and railway station,
4| miles east of Beith, Ayrshire.

CALEDONIA, originally the mainland of
Ross-shire, and greater part of the main-
land' of Inverness-shire ; afterwards all
parts of the mainland of Scotland north of
the Forth and the Clyde ; subsequently all
the mainland of Britain north of the Tweed,
or the southern Tyne and the southern
Eden. Caledonia, in its ultimate or largest
form, was distributed among 21 tribes of
Britons or ancient Caledonians.

CALEDONIAN CANAL, line of inland
navigation from head of Moray Firth, near
Inverness, to middle of Loch Eil, near
Fort-William, Inverness-shire. It traverses
the Great Glen ; includes 22 miles of
artificial cut, and 38^ miles through Lochs
Dochfour, Ness, Oich, and Lochy ; has a

minimum depth of 17 feet, so as to serve
for sea-borne vessels; was begun to be
formed in 1803, but not completed till
1847 ; and cost, up to that date, more than
£1,256,000.

CALEDONIAN RAILWAY, extensive
ramified railway system throughout much
of Scotland into west side of English
border. It originally did no more than
connect a large portion of the southern
Lowlands of Scotland with the English
railways at Carlisle ; comprised only great
forks from Edinburgh and Glasgow to
Carstairs, branches from the Glasgow fork
to south side of Glasgow, Strathaven, and
the south border of Stirlingshire, and a
main trunk from Carstairs to Carlisle ;
and was completed to that extent in 1848 ;
but it now, by amalgamations, new lines,
new branches, and working connections,
extends from Aberdeen to Carlisle, from
Oban to Edinburgh, from Wemyss Bay to
Leith, from Lockerby to Portpatrick,— has
connections with all the other Scottish
railway systems, the North British, the
Glasgow and South- Western, the Highland,
and the Great North of Scotland, — and thus
gives conveyance from every existing rail-
way point in Scotland into communication
with the English railways at Carlisle. Its
paid-up capital in 1879-80 was £27,370,193
in stock and share capital, £13,039,680 in
ordinary capital, and £6,954,976 in loans
and debenture stock.

CALF, islet near north-eastern extremity
of Eday Island, Orkney.

CALF, ARGYLESHIRE. See Calve.

CALFA, islet near Tyree Island, Argyle-
shire.

CALF SOUND, sea-belt, with harbour,
between Calf islet and Eday, Orkney. A
hamlet of its own name, with an inn, is on
its Eday side.

CALGARRY, seat and small bay on
north-west coast of Mull Island, Argyle-
shire.

CALLADER, lake, 5 miles south-south-
east of Castleto wn-Braemar, Aberdeenshire.

CALLANDER, town and parish in south-
west of Perthshire. The town stands on
river Teith, 16^ miles north-west of Stir-
ling ; has environs overhung or horizoned
by very striking Highland scenery; is a
tourists' centre, and a summer retreat of
very high attraction ; comprises well-built,
regular, cleanly streets ; includes a noble
villa on ground believed to have been
occupied by a Roman camp ; includes also
vestiges of an ancient seat of the Earls of
Linlithgow and Callander ; and has a post
office with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Perthshire, a
railway station, 2 banking offices, 3 hotels,
public halls of 1878, waterworks of 1872, Es-
tablished, Free, and Episcopalian churches,
and a public school. Pop. 1522. — The
parish measures about 19 miles in length,
and 5 miles in greatest breadth. Acres,
51,186. Real property in 1880 - 81,
£19,039. Pop., quoad civilia, 2167 ; quoad

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CAM

sacra, 1940. The vale of Teith, upward
from the town, overhung on the west by
Benledi, bounded on the north by Crag of
Callander and hills of Leny, and all within
the eastern section of the parish, is the
chief seat of population. The Crag of
Callander is a bold stupendous rock, with
aspects strikingly contrasted to that of the
vale. A line along the southern border,
past Lochs Vennachoir and Achray, through
the Trossachs, to upper part of Loch
Katrine, teems with the scenery of Sir
Walter Scott's Lady of the Lake ; so also
does a line from the Teith's vale up the
side of Loch Lubnaig to the northern
boundary. Most other parts, and likewise
some screens of these lines, are mountainous
and heathy. There are 3 schools for
304 scholars, and one of them for 150 is
new.

CALLANDER, seat near Falkirk, Stirling-
shire. It is partly ancient, it belonged to
the Earls of Linlithgow, it was frequently
visited by Queen Mary, and it suffered
storm and capture by Cromwell.

CALLANDER AND OBAN RAILWAY,
railway 70f miles long, first northward
then curvingly westward from Callander
in Perthshire to Oban in Argyleshire. It
was authorized in 1865, terminated for
some time at Tyndrum, and was opened
from Tyndrum to Dalmally in 1877, and
from Dalmally to Oban in 1880. It
curves from Callander into Pass of Leny,
goes northward past Lochearnhead and
through Glenogle to vicinity of Killin,
curves there rapidly to the west, goes up
Glendochart and Strathfillan to Tyndrum,
descends past the north-west skirt of Ben-
loy to Dalmally, crosses Loch Awe a little
to the east of Kilchurn Castle, sweeps
thence round to the Pass of Brandir, has
a station adjacent to new hotel about 4
miles from Dalmally, proceeds down the
gorge of the Awe and along the south side
of Loch Etive, and terminates contiguously
to sea-walls and other works at Oban, com-
pleted in 1881. It belongs, by arrange-
ment, to the Caledonian system.

CALLENDS, seat, hill, and burn, in New-
lands parish, Peeblesshire.

CALLERNISH, tract, with village and
great group of Caledonian standing stones,
in Uig parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CALLIEVAR, hill, 1747 feet high, 4 miles
west of Alford, Aberdeenshire.

CALLIGRAY. See Killigray.

CALLIOCH, headland, with very grand
view, at north-western extremity of Mull
Island, Argyleshire.

CALLOW, seat, a little north of Tighna-
bruaich, Argyleshire.

CALLUMS, wooded hill in Crieff parish,
Perthshire.

CALLY, seat near Gatehouse, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

CALLY (BRIDGE OF). See Bridge of
Cally.

CALLY (STRONE OF), place in Ben-
dochy parish, Perthshire.

CALNADULACH, village in Muckairn
parish, Argyleshire.

CALROSSIE, seat in Logie-Easter parish,
Boss-shire.

CALTON, eastern suburb of Edinburgh.
It once formed part of Restalrig barony,
was annexed to Edinburgh in 1725, ranked
for a time as a separate bailiary, and was
eventually incorporated with the burgh of
Edinburgh. Its streets and lanes were
always few ; they have suffered decrease
of importance in result of modern city
improvement ; they lie on the skirts or
at the base of the southern and western
sides of Calton Hill ; and they are desig-
nated in two divisions as High Calton and
Low Calton. Their south side is a narrow
vale, dividing them from Canongate ; their
south-west corner is a gorge, spanned by
Regent bridge, and dividing them from
the New Town ; and their side thence
north-eastward is a ravine curving from
the gorge and merging in the plain toward
Leith. Calton Hill, the main feature of
the suburb, and now an ornate as well as
very prominent feature of the city, mea-
sures about 5 furlongs by 3, rises to an
altitude of 344 feet above sea-level, is
largely occupied by elegant terraced streets
and ornamental public structures, and
commands one of the richest panoramic
views in Europe.

CALTON, suburb, parish, and registra-
tion district, in east of Glasgow. The
suburb adjoins the eastern part of Glasgow
Green; lies bet ween Gallowgate and Bridge-
ton, and extends eastward to the city's
outskirts ; includes numerous streets in
various alignment ; is largely occupied by
factories, and by working-men's dwelling-
houses ; presents, on the whole, a bustling
and dingy appearance ; and contains 6
Established churches, 4 Free churches, 4
United Presbyterian, and 6 of other deno-
minations. The parish lies wholly within
Glasgow parliamentary burgh. Pop. 39,590.
Pop. of registration district, 37,448.

CALVA, sea-loch in Edderachyllis parish,
Sutherland.

CALVE, islet at mouth of Tobermory
harbour, Mull Island, Argyleshire.

CAL VINE, place in Blair- Athole parish,
with post office under Blair- Athole, Perth-
shire.

CAMA, lake in Assynt parish, Suther-
land.

CAMBIE, streamlet, entering the Leven,
in Leslie parish, Fife.

CAMBO, seat of Sir Thomas Erskine,
Bart., in Kingsbarns parish, Fife.

CAMBUS, village on the Forth, 2
miles west of Alloa, Clackmannanshire.
It has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Stirling ; a
railway station, a small harbour, and a
large distillery.

CAMBUSBARRON, town, 1J mile south-
west of Stirling. It has a post office under
Stirling, a mission church projected in
1876, a Free church, a public school with

CAM

7

1

CAM

about 161 scholars, and a large woollen
factory. Pop. 1135.

CAMBUSCROSS, place near Isle Oronsay,
Isle of Skye.

CAMBUSCURRY, hill in Eddertoun par-
ish, Ross-shire.

CAMBUSDOON, seat near Ayr, Ayrshire.

CAMBUSKENNETH, abbey and village on
the Forth, about a mile east of Stirling. The
abbey was founded in 1147 by David I. ;
figured conjointly with Stirling Castle in
some great public affairs ; was the burial
place of James in. and his queen ; is now re-
presented chiefly by a massive early-pointed
tower, 70 feet high ; and contains a me-
morial tomb of 1865 of James in. and his
queen. Pop. of the village, 217.

CAMBU SLANG, town and parish in
north of Lanarkshire. The town stands
about \ mile from the Clyde, 4 miles
south-east of Glasgow ; consists of eight
sections, or villages, on the banks of a
picturesque burn ; is near a natural amphi-
theatre, used in 1742 as a place of worship,
and then the scene of a religious revival
known as ' the Cambuslang wark ; ' and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Glasgow ;
a railway station, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, and Congregational churches ;
and 2 public schools with about 304 scholars.
Pop. 5538. — The parish excludes a small part
of the town, but includes Silverbank, New-
ton-Colliery, and Ridley wood villages. Its
length is 4f miles ; its greatest breadth 3£
miles ; its area 5160 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £56,565. Pop. 9447. The
surface includes a hill -ridge, with the
summits of Dechmont and Turnlaw ; de-
clines thence in a fine series of swells and
undulations ; and terminates in low, flat
lands on the Clyde. Coal abounds, and is
largely worked ; ironstone also is plentiful.
Chief seats are Gilbertfield, Newton, and
Caldergrove ; and chief antiquities are
traces of ancient buildings on Dechmont,
and a circular mound on which stood
Drumsarguard Castle. There are 5 schools
for 1017 scholars, and 2 of them and an
enlargement for 680 are new.

CAMBUSMICHAEL, old parish, now
united to St. Martin's, Perthshire.

CAMBUSMORE, seat on the Teith, about
2 miles south-east of Callander, Perth-
shire.

CAMBUSNAGLASS, small bay on west
side of upper part of Loch Lomond, Dum-
bartonshire.

CAMBUSNETHAN, town and parish in
middle ward of Lanarkshire. The town
stands f mile east of Wishaw, and has an
Established church, a Free church, and a
public school with about 309 scholars.
Pop. 1829. — The parish contains also the
towns of Wishaw, Newmains, and Over-
town, the villages of Stane, Morningside,
Chapel, Clydesdale Rows, Waterloo,
Bonkle, and Stewarton, and part of
Shotts Ironworks. Its length is 9f miles ;
its greatest breadth 3^ miles ; its area

16,608 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£91,037. Pop., quoad civilia, 20,823 ; quoad
sacra, 4548. The Clyde bounds the
western end; the South Calder bounds
most of the north - eastern side ; the
Garrion burn, along a deep ravine, bounds
the lower part of the south-eastern side ;
and head-streams of Briech water, running
into Linlithgowshire, drain the eastern
end. The lands adjacent to the Clyde are
low, level, fertile haugh ; those in the
middle parts are variegated plateau,
mostly with good argillaceous soil ; and
those in the east are principally moorish,
and rise to a maximum height of about
900 feet. Excellent coal, ironstone, and
sandstone abound, and are extensively
worked. Ironworks, tileworks, a large
distillery, and textile manufacture employ
very many hands. The chief seats are
Cambusnethan House, Wishaw House,
Coltness, Allanton, and Muirhouse. Es-
tablished churches are at Overtown and
Newmains, a United Presbyterian church
is at Bonkle, and churches of six de-
nominations are at Wishaw. There are
10 schools for 3751 scholars, and 3 of
them and an enlargement for 1320 are new.

CAMBUS (OLD). See Aldcambus.

CAMBUS O'MAY, railway station be-
tween Dinnet and Ballater, Aberdeen-
shire.

CAMBUSTANE, hill, surmounted by
monument 105 feet high, in Monikie
parish, Forfarshire.

CAMBUS-VIC-HUSTAN, small safe har-
bour in Assynt parish, Sutherland.

CAMBUS-VIC-KER-CHIR, partially well-
sheltered harbour in Assynt parish,
Sutherland.

CAMBUSVRACKAN, place, with public
school, in Glenlyon, Perthshire.

CAMBUS -WALLACE, place, lmile north-
west of Doune, Perthshire.

CAMBUS - WALLACE, seat in Biggar
parish, Lanarkshire.

CAMELON, town on Forth and Clyde
Canal, about a mile west of Falkirk,
Stirlingshire. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Falkirk, and a quoad sacra parish
church. Pop. of the town, 2014; of the
quoad sacra parish, 2795.

CAMELON (OLD), spot on Carron river,
near Camelon, Stirlingshire. A Roman
town, with harbour, stood here, and
communicated by iter from Antoninus'
Wall with the country north of the Forth.

CAMERON, parish, with church, 2,\ miles
south-south-west of St. Andrews, Fife.
Post town, St. Andrews. Length and
extreme breadth, each 41 miles ; area,
9325 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£11,857. Pop., quoad civilia, 1003; quoad
sacra, 768. The surface presents an
undulating appearance, but includes
Drumcarro Hill. Coal, limestone, and sand-
stone are plentiful. The chief seat is
Mount Melville. A United Presbyterian
church is at Lathones, and public schools

CAM

72

CAM

are near the parochial church, and at
Radernie and Denhead.

CAMERON, seat on west side, near foot
of Loch Lomond, Dumbartonshire.

CAMERON BRIDGE, hamlet, 1| mile
south of Edinburgh.

CAMERON BRIDGE, village on Leven
river, 2 miles west of Leven, Fife. It has
a railway station and a large distillery.

CAMILLA, lake in Auchtertool parish,
Fife.

CAMISENDUN, bay, with prime anchor-
age, in Loch Eriboll, Durness parish,
Sutherland.

CAMLACHIE, suburb, mile east of
cross of Glasgow. It connects the City
proper v/ith Parkhead suburb, is inhabited
chiefly by operatives, presents a dingy
unpleasant appearance, has an Established
church and a Free church, and gives name
to a registration district. Pop. of the
district, 37,933.

CAMMACHMORE, estate in Fetteresso
parish, Kincardineshire.

CAMMUSMORE, bay in Kilmuir parish,
Isle of Skye.

CAMP, castles in Craigie parish, Ayr-
shire ; in Roberton parish, Roxburghshire ;
in Aberlemno parish, Forfarshire ; and on
Turin Hill, in Rescobie parish, Forfarshire.

CAMP, hills in Dairy parish, Ayrshire ;
in Yetholm parish, Roxburghshire ; in
Cathcart parish, Renfrewshire ; and in
Lumphanan parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAMPBELL (CASTLE). See Castle
Campbell.

CAMPBELTON, town and parish in
Kintyre district, Argyleshire. The town
stands at head of sea-loch of its own name,
12 miles in direct line north-east of Mull
of Kintyre, and 35 by water west-south-
west of Ayr ; was the original capital of
Dalriada, and was then called Dalruadh-
ain ; lost some importance by removal of
the royal court to Dunstaffnage ; became
the centre of the extensive missionary
operations of St. Kiaran ; shared after-
wards the prosperity attending the rise of
the Macdonalds, Lords of the Isles ; was
either renovated or rebuilt by them, and
acquired then a strong castle called Kin-
loch-Kerran ; gave such trouble to James
v. in his contests with the Macdonalds as
induced him to make a grant of it, and of
the surrounding country, to the family of
Argyle ; and in course of time was greatly
improved under their administration, and
changed its old name for that of Camp-
belton. Its sea-loch is about 2 miles long
and about 1 mile broad, is a singularly
excellent natural harbour, and has good
piers and prime anchorage. The town
curves round the head of the loch in the
manner of a crescent ; presents, with its
outskirts, a very pleasant appearance ;
possesses, in centre of its main street,
a highly interesting sculptured ancient
granite cross ; ranks as a royal and par-
liamentary burgh, uniting with Ayr,
Irvine, Inverary, and Oban in sending a

member to Parliament ; is a head port and
the head station of one of the twenty-five
fishery districts of Scotland ; has a head
post office with all departments, 3 bank-
ing offices, 2 hotels, 2 Established churches,
Free, United Presbyterian, Episcopa-
lian, and Roman Catholic churches, 4
public schools, acquired subsequent to
1876, new waterworks, and extended
harbour works ; publishes 2 weekly news-
papers ; and carries on a vast trade in the
distilling and exporting of whisky. The
shipping of the port in 1879 amounted to
918 British vessels of 87,165 tons, and 15
foreign vessels of 2014 tons, inward ; and
909 British vessels of 86,206 tons, and 15
foreign vessels of 2013 tons, outward.
Real property of the burgh in 1880-81,
£27,339. Pop. 7558.— The parish contains
also the villages of Dalintober and Drum-
lemble, and comprehends the four old par-
ishes of Kilkerran, Kilkivan, Kilchusland,
and Kilmichael. Its length is 12^ miles ;
its greatest breadth 6 miles ; its area
44,220 acres. Real property of landward
part in 1880-81, £29,866. Pop. 9620.
The limits include Devaar islet across the
mouth of Campbelton loch ; include also
Ardnacross, small bay 6 miles to the
north ; and extend westward to the Atlan-
tic. A plain, about 4 miles long and 3
miles broad, and not higher than 40 feet
above sea-level, extends westward from
the town to head of Machirhanish bay ;
and hill tracts rise from the sides of that
plain to the northern and the southern
boundaries, and attain elevations of from
800 to about 1154 feet. Coal and por-
phyry have been worked. Plantations
are on the estates of Kildalloig, Knock-
rioch, Drummore, Oatfield, Ascomil, and
Limecraigs. There are 10 schools for
1600 scholars, and 2 of them and 2 en-
largements for 810 are new.

CAMPBELTON, coast village, 1J mile
south-east of Fort-George, Inverness-shire.
It has a chalybeate spring, a hotel, and
a United Presbyterian church. Pop.
668.

CAMPERDOWN, railway station, and
seat of the Earl of Camperdown, 5 j miles
north-west of Dundee.

CAMPFIELD, hamlet in Kincardine
O'Neil parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a
post office under Aberdeen, and a public
school with about 80 scholars.

CAMPHILL, village, seat, and wooded
height, in Cathcart parish, Renfrewshire.
The village is a recently erected suburb of
Glasgow, and has an elegant United Pres-
byterian church. The height has vestiges
of a Roman camp, and commands a very
fine view.

CAMP-KNOW, conical hillock, anciently
surrounded by a ditch, in Blantyre parish,
Lanarkshire.

CAMPLE, rivulet, running about 8 miles
to the Nith, near Thornhill, Dumfries-
shire.

CAMPMUIR, hamlet near vestiges of

CAM

73

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ancient camp, in Kettins parish, Forfar-
shire.

CAMPMUIR, place, with traces of ancient
camp, in Langton parish, Berwickshire.

CAMPS, affluent of the Clyde, at Craw-
ford village, Lanarkshire.

CAMPSAILE, bay, with prime anchor-
age, on south-west side of Gareloch,
miles west of Helensburgh, Dumbarton-
shire.

CAMPSIE, village and parish on south
border of Stirlingshire. The village stands
at mouth of Kirkton Glen, mile north-
west of Lennoxtown ; bears the name of
Clachan of Campsie ; and has a public
school with about 62 scholars, and
remains of the old parochial church.
— The parish contains also the town of
Lennoxtown, and the villages of Haughead,
Milton, Torrance, Balgrochan, Craighead,
Antermony, and Birdston. Its length is
about 7 miles ; its greatest breadth about
5 miles ; its area 17,872 acres. Beal pro-
perty in 1880-81, £30,820. Pop. 5873.
The southern district is bounded by the
river Kelvin, includes part of the great
strath traversed by Forth and Clyde Canal,
has much breadth in the east but contracts
toward the west, and is all an undulating
plain. The western district, immediately
north of narrow part of that plain, is a
hill-range called the South Brae, with
extreme altitude of about 700 feet above
sea-level. The northern district is all a
part of the Lennox Hills, bears the name
of Campsie Fells, culminates at an alti-
tude of 1894 feet above sea-level, and com-
prises glens, ravines, and crags of strikingly
picturesque character, including miniature
resemblances to the Trossachs, and forming
a popular holiday resort. Coal, limestone,
and aluminous minerals abound, and are
extensively worked ; and many kinds of
industry are skilfully carried on. The
chief seats are Lennox Castle, Craigbarnet,
Bancleroche, Kincaid, Antermony, Glorat,
and Auchinreoch ; and chief antiquities
are traces of two ancient Caledonian forts.
Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
and Boman Catholic churches are in
Lennoxtown. There are 7 schools for
1166 scholars, and 2 of the schools and 2
enlargements for 555 are new.

CAMPSIE FELLS, section of Lennox
Hills, within Campsie parish, Stirlingshire.
But the name is sometimes given to a
wider section of these hills, and sometimes
to the entire range.

CAMPSIE GLEN, railway station near
Campsie village, Stirlingshire.

CAMPSIE LINN, cataract on the Tay, a
short distance north of Stanley, Perth-
shire. It figures in Sir Walter Scott's
Fair Maid of Perth.

CAMPSTER, place in south-west of Wick
parish, Caithness.

CAMPTOWN, place near vestiges of
ancient camp in Jedburgh parish, Box-
burghshire. It has a post office under
Jedburgh.

CAMSERNY, stream, with cascade, in
Dull parish, Perthshire.

CAMSTRADDEN, bay and residence on
Loch Lomond, in Luss parish, Dumbarton-
shire.

CAMUS-ESKAN, seat near Helensburgh,
Dumbartonshire.

CANAAN, handsome modern suburb,
between Bruntsfield Links and Morning-
side, on south side of Edinburgh.

CANDACRAIG, seat in Strathdon parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CANDAR, rivulet entering the Avon at
1^ mile south-east of Stonehouse, Lanark-
shire.

CANDICK, headland at south-east ex-
tremity of Walls, Orkney. A lighthouse
is on it, with revolving light visible at the
distance of 15 nautical miles.

CANDIDA CASA. See Whithorn.

CANDLESTICK, cavern in Duirinish par-
ish, Isle of Skye.

CANDREN, medicinal spring, 1\ miles
east of Paisley, Benfrewshire.

CANDY, burn entering Biggar river at
boundary between Lanarkshire and Peebles-
shire.

CANISBAY, parish in north-east corner
of Caithness. It has a post office of its
own name under Wick ; contains Houna
and Mey hamlets, John o' Groat's House,
and Duncansby, Freswick, and Gills town-
ships ; forms the north-eastern extremity
of mainland of Scotland; and includes
Stroma Island in Pentland Firth. It
measures, on the mainland, 8 miles of
eastern coast, 11 miles of northern coast,
and 12f miles of inland boundary. Beal
property in 1880-81, £5902. Pop., quoad
civilia, 2626; quoad sacra, 2373. The
eastern coast has a sandy beach at Fres-
wick Bay, but is elsewhere bold and
precipitous, and terminates in the grand
circular promontory of Duncansby Head ;
the north coast is more level, yet has
pieces of considerably high rock, and
includes Mey Head ; and the interior is
remarkably level, and rises nowhere higher
than about 300 feet on Ward or Watch
Hill. The residences are Barrogill Castle,
the seat of the Earl of Caithness, West
Canisbay House, and the relinquished
mansions of Brabster and Freswick; and
the chief antiquities are ruins of Bucholie
Castle, and remains or traces of ancient
churches. The present churches are
Established and Free ; and there are 7
schools for 502 scholars.

CANISP, lofty mountain in Assynt par-
ish, Sutherland.

CANNA, island, 7>\ miles north-west of
Bum, and 12 miles south-west of nearest
point of Skye, Inner Hebrides. Sanda
Island is nearly contiguous to it on the
east, and some stacks and skerries are
adjacent. It and they form a group 4|
miles long and 2 miles broad ; consist of
eruptive rocks from 100 to 800 feet high ;
and exhibit striking features of cliff,
natural tower, and basaltic terrace.

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Canna has a post office under Greenock.
Pop. 48.

CANNACHY BRIDGE, place on the
North Esk, in Edzell parish, Forfarshire.

CANNICH, small river, running about
14 miles north-eastward and eastward into
confluence with the Affrick to form the
Glass in north-west of Inverness-shire. A
hamlet of its own name is on it in Kil-
morack parish, and has a public school
with about 34 scholars.

CANNISBURN, hamlet in New Kil-
patrick parish, Dumbartonshire.

CANNOR, lake in Glenmuick parish,
Aberdeenshire. An islet in it was formerly
crowned with a fortified hunting-seat of
Malcolm Canmore.

CANNY, burn entering left side of the
Dee, in Banchory-Ternan parish, Kincar-
dineshire.

CANONBIE, village and parish on east
border of Dumfriesshire. The village
stands on the river Esk, 6 miles south-by-
east of Langholm, and has a post office with
money order and telegraph departments, de-
signated of Dumfriesshire, a railway station,
an Established church, a Free church, and
a public school with about 218 scholars. —
The parish contains also the villages of Bow-
anburn and Forgebraehead, and is 9 miles
long and miles broad. Acres, 24,142.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £14,123. Pop.
2723. The central tract, along the Esk, is
flat ; the tracts thence, east and west, are
diversified by ridges ; and the tract in the
north-east is hilly. Coal, limestone, and
sandstone abound, and are largely worked.
The chief residences are Woodhouselees,
Forge, Marsh House, Crookholm, and
Woodslee ; and the chief antiquities are
remains of a Roman station, vestiges of an
ancient priory, the walls of Hollows and
Harelaw towers, famous in the history
of Border raids, and sites of 5 other
mediaeval Border towers. There are 5
schools for 606 scholars, and 2 of them and
an enlargement for 170 are new.

CANONGATE, suburb and parish at east
end of Edinburgh. The suburb originated
in the erection of Holyrood Abbey ; it was
largely occupied first by retainers of the
Abbey, next by retainers of the royal
court ; it then possessed much splendour,
and contained many noble mansions ; it
suffered great devastation by the English
in 1544, underwent grand reconstruction,
and continued to be much inhabited by
the nobility till the National Union ; and
it then began to be occupied mainly by
the operative classes, and thenceforth
declined rapidly into a condition of poverty
and squalor. It was long so divided from
Edinburgh by an open tract as to be a
separate town, but it eventually grew into
strict contiguity with all the eastern end
of the Old City ; it now, in its main street,
or Canongate proper, extends from the
palace yard of Holyrood to the foot of
Netherbow, and measures in that line
about 650 yards ; it is winged, on both

sides of its main street, with numerous
narrow alleys or closes ; it has there also,
in the same length and direction as the
closes, 5 modern or renovated streets ;
and it likewise includes the two flanking
thoroughfares of North Back and South
Back, and the salient thoroughfares of
Watergate, Abbeyhill, St. John's Hill,
and Pleasance. Its most noticeable build-
ings are several quondam noble mansions
now in a state of utter decadence, — Queens-
berry House, quondam mansion of the
Dukes of Queensberry, now the House of
Eefuge for the Destitute ; Moray House,
quondam mansion of the Earls of Moray,
now the Normal School of the Free
Church ; the Tolbooth, a curious edifice of
1591 ; 3 Established churches, 4 Free
churches, a United Presbyterian church,
an Episcopalian church ; a public school of
1878, erected at a cost of about £7400 ; and
Queensberry Lodge, a genteel female
reformatory erected in 1866. The parish
includes also Holyrood and Arthur's Seat.
Eeal property in 1880-81 of landward
part, £364. Pop. of the whole, 9908.

CANONGATE (NEW), quoad sacra parish
in Canongate, Edinburgh.

CANONMILLS, small old suburb on
Water of Leith, contiguous to northern
outskirts of New Town of Edinburgh. It
originated in the erection of corn mills for
the vassals of the canons of Holyrood ; it
was then, and continued till modern times,
about a mile from the city ; and it now
presents a mixture of old features, par-
ticularly large flour mills, with modern
buildings. A public school for it and
adjacent places was completed in 1880 at
a cost of less than £7000, and has accom-
modation for about 800 scholars.

CANT, hill in Shotts parish, Lanarkshire.

CANTICK. See Candick.

CANTLAY, hill with large cairn in
Fetteresso parish, Kincardineshire.

CANTRAY, seat on river Nairn, in Croy
parish, Inverness-shire.

CANTSDAM, public school, with about
274 scholars, in Beath parish, Fife.

CANTY, bay, 3 miles east of North Ber-
wick, Haddingtonshire.

CANTYRE. See Kintyre.

CAOL, sea-loch in Kilfinichen parish,
Mull Island, Argyleshire.

CAOLISPORT. See Killisport.

CAOLVALLOCH, hamlet in Weem par-
ish, Perthshire.

CAPEHOPE, streamlet and vale in
Hounam parish, Eoxburghshire.

CAPEL, mountain at head of Glenesk,
Forfarshire.

CAPELAW, one of the Pentland Hills,
in Colinton parish, Edinburghshire.

CAPEL FELL, mountain adjacent to
source of Ettrick river, on south-west
verge of Selkirkshire.

CAPELRIG, seat in north of Mearns
parish. Eenfrewshire.

CAPENOCH, seat and hill in Keir parish »
Dumfriesshire.

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CAPE WRATH, massive, bold, pyramidal
headland, about 300 feet high, at north-
western extremity of mainland of Scotland.
A lighthouse is on it, erected in 1828 at a
cost of £14,000, and shows a revolving
light visible at the distance of 25 nautical
miles.

CAPPLA, headstream of the Ae, Dum-
friesshire.

CAPRINGTON, castellated seat about a
mile west of Riccarton, Ayrshire.

CAPUTH, village in Perthshire, and par-
ish partly also in Forfarshire. The village
stands on the Tay, 5 miles south-east of
Dunkeld, and contains the parochial
church. — The parish contains also the
post office villages of Meikleour and
Spittalfield, the villages of Craigie, Fun-
garth, and Kincairnie, and part of the
post town of Dunkeld ; and consists of a
main body and 9 detached districts in
Perthshire, and 3 detached districts in
Forfarshire. The main body lies wholly
in Stormont, and measures about 13 miles
in length, and from 2 to 7 miles in breadth.
The Perthshire detached districts are Bal-
holmie, within Cargill ; Gormack, within
Kinloch ; Craigtown, within Kirkmichael ;
South Bandirran, within Collace; and Logie,
Cairns, Chapelton, Meadows, and Crofty,
within Clunie ; and the Forfarshire de-
tached districts are Balbeuchly, within
Auchterhouse ; Broughty Castle, near
Dundee ; and Fofarty, within Kinnettles.
Acres in Perthshire, 18,922; in Forfar-
shire, 567. Real . property in 1880-81
of the Perthshire parts, £19,722. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 2096 ; quoad sacra, all in
Perthshire, 2031. The main body com-
prises the greater part of the rich
champaign of Stormont, and includes
picturesque uplands to the north and the
north-west. Roofing slate is worked, and
limestone abounds. The chief seats are
Delvine, Meikleour, Glendelvine, Snaigow,
Stenton, Kincairney, and Hillhead ; and
the chief antiquities are cairns, Caledonian
stone circles, Pictish forts, and Roman
camps. There are 6 schools with accom-
modation for 318 scholars.

CARA, island about a mile south of
Gigha, Argyleshire. Its circuit is about 3
miles ; and its south end, called the Mull
of Cara, is a mural rock 117 feet high,
pierced with a large cave. Pop. 4.

CARALDSTON, or CARESTON, parish,
averagely 4^ miles west of Brechin, For-
farshire. It has a post office under
Brechin. Acres, 2085. Real property in
1880-81, £2697. Pop. 194. The land
lies around the confluence of the South
Esk and the Noran, and has a deep,
fertile soil. Caraldston or Careston
Castle, an edifice chiefly of early part of
15th century, is a seat of the Earl of
Fife. The public school has about 55
scholars.

CARBERRY, hill and old baronial man-
sion, 2 miles south-east of Musselburgh,
Edinburghshire. The hill was the place

of Queen Mary's surrender in 1567 ; and
the mansion is the seat of Lord Elphin-
stone.

CARBERRY, farm, with supposed site of
Roman station, in Dysart parish, Fife.

CARBETH, seat in Killearn parish,
Stirlingshire.

CARBETH - GUTHRIE, seat in Strath-
blane parish, Stirlingshire.

CARBOST, place on Loch Harport, Isle
of Skye. It has a post office, with money
order department, under Broadford, and a
distillery.

CARBROOK, seat in Dunipace parish,
Stirlingshire.

CARBUDDO, or KIRKBUDDO, southern
section of Guthrie parish, Forfarshire.

CARBY, isolated hill, 2 miles south of
Newcastleton, Roxburghshire. It has a
circular camp with 8 concentric walls,
and it commands an extensive panoramic
view.

CARDEN, mountain, 2218 feet high, in
Kilbucho section of Broughton parish,
Peeblesshire.

CARDENDEN, village and glen in south
of Auchterderran parish, Fife. The village
stands 9f miles east-north-east of Dun-
fermline, and has a railway station. Pop.
147. The glen is in the basin of Ore
river, and is wide, unwooded, and fertile,
and has rich substrata of coal.

CARDERROCH, part of Cadder estate,
in Cadder parish, Lanarkshire.

CARDONALD, estate, with railway sta-
tion and with site of picturesque old
castle, 3 miles east of Paisley, Renfrew-
shire.

CARDONALD MILLS, village in vicinity
of Cardonald station, Renfrewshire.

CARDONESS, seat of Sir William Max-
well, Bart., in Anwoth parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire. Cardoness Castle, a tall
ancient tower, is in its vicinity.

CARDOWAN, place, with Roman Catholic
chapel, near Stepps railway station, Lan-
arkshire.

CARDRONA, seat and railway station on
the Tweed, 3j miles east-south-east of
Peebles.

CARDROSS, village and parish on north
side of the Clyde in Dumbartonshire. The
village stands 3 miles west-north -west of
Dumbarton, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Dumbartonshire, a railway
station, a drill hall, an Established church,
a Free church, and a public school with about
150 scholars. Pop. 521. The parish contains
also Renton town and part of Dumbarton,
and is 7f miles long and 2J miles broad.
Acres, 8264. Real property in 1880-81,
£27,189. Pop. , quoad civilia, 9365 ; quoad
sacra, 1342. The surface includes the fine
wooded promontory of Ardmore, rises gradu-
ally from the Clyde and the Leven, and is
bordered by a hill -ridge with extreme
altitude of 943 feet. The seats -are Ard-
more, Keppoch, Bloomhill, and Camus-
Eskan; and a spot of great antiquarian

CAR

76

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interest is the site of the castle in which
King Robert Bruce died. There are public
schools for 694 scholars, and enlargements
of them for 460 are new.

CARDROSS, seat in Port-of-Menteith
parish, Perthshire.

CARDRYNE, place in Kirkmaiden par-
ish, Wigtonshire. It has a public school
with about 88 scholars.

CARESTON. See Caraldston.

CARFIN, town and mansion on South
Calder river, near Cleland, Lanarkshire.
The town carries on much trade in connec-
tion with rich surrounding mineral field, and
has a post office under Motherwell, and a rail-
way station. Pop., with Cleekhimin, 1428.

CARFRAE, farm, with site of ancient,
large, circular fortification, in Garvald
parish, Haddingtonshire.

CARFRAE MILL, place, 5| miles north-
north-west of Lauder, Berwickshire.

CARGEN, rivulet, running about 8 miles
eastward to the Nith, in north-east of
Kirkcudbrightshire. It enters the Nith
at 3 J miles south of Dumfries ; and the
seats of Cargen and Cargenholm are on it
near its mouth.

CARGILL, village and parish on eastern
border of Perthshire. The village stands
near the Tay, j mile south-west of influx
of the Isla, and 11^ miles north-north-east
of Perth ; and has a railway station, a
parochial church, and a Free church. — The
parish contains also the post office village
of Burrelton, and the villages of Woodside
and Wolfhill, and measures about 6J miles
by 3. Acres, 9495. Real property in
1880-81, £12,997. Pop. 1348. The
surface rises gradually for about a mile
from the Tay, extends from rolling plain
to Sidlaw Hills, and exhibits a charming
appearance. Chief objects of interest are
the quondam noble mansion of Stobhall,the
ruins of an ancient dependency of Coupar
Abbey, and vestiges of a Roman station.
There are 2 public schools for 276 scholars,
and an enlargement of one of them for
143 is new.

CARINGTON. See Carrington.

CARINISH, village on east side of North
Uist Island, Outer Hebrides. It has a post
office under Lochmaddy, an Established
church, served by a minister on the Royal
Bounty, and a Free church. Pop. 228.

CARITY, rivulet, running about 9 miles
eastward to the South Esk, at 3 miles
north-north-east of Kirriemuir, Forfar-
shire.

CARLAVEROCK. See Caerlaverock.
CARLEBAR, seat near Barrhead, Ren-
frewshire.

CARLETON, bay, hill, and ruined old
fortalice, in Colmonell parish, Ayrshire.

CARLINTOOTH, mountain, 1801 feet
high, on mutual border of Southdean and
Castleton parishes, Roxburghshire.

CARLINWARK, lake and seat adjacent
to Castle-Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CARLOGIE, seat in Aboyne parish, Aber-
deenshire.

CARLONAN, cascade on Aray rivulet,
near Inverary, Argyleshire.

CARLOPS, village, 14 miles south of
Edinburgh. It has a Free church.

CARLOWAY, village in Lochs parish,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides. It has a post
office under Stornoway, and a Free church.
Pop. 316.

CARLOWS, cascade on the Tweed, in
Tweedsmuir parish, Peeblesshire.

CARLTON, hill in Glasserton parish,
"Wigtonshire.

CARLUKE, town and parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. The town stands
near Caledonian Railway, adjacent to pic-
turesque ravine, amid a fine tabular tract,
19J miles east-south-east of Glasgow. It
dates from old times, went long into
decay, and rose in modern times into well-
built, pleasant, prosperous condition. It
has a head post office with all depart-
ments, a railway station, 2 bank-
ing offices, 3 hotels, good waterworks,
opened in January 1880; Established,
Free, United Presbyterian, Original Seces-
sion, Evangelical Union, and Roman
Catholic churches, all modern or quite
recent ; an evangelistic hall of 1879 ; a
public school of 1877, for 600 scholars ; and
a quondam parochial school, then con-
verted into an infant school ; and it
conducts much business in connection
with a rich surrounding mineral field.
Pop. 3867. — The parish contains also
the villages of Braidwood, Law, Kilcad-
zow, and Yieldshields. Its length is 8
miles ; its greatest breadth 4^ miles ; its
area 15,345 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £48,911. Pop. 8552. The south-
western boundary is all traced by the
Clyde, and the interior is traversed by
little affluents along deep ravines. The
tracts adjacent to the Clyde are low, rich
lands, either alluvial or argillaceous,
largely covered with orchards and woods ;
the central tracts are plateau, averagely
about 450 feet high, varied by roundish
hills, and mostly under the plough ; and
the north-eastern tracts are chiefly ascend-
ing, bleak, barren moor. Mauldslie Castle
and Milton Lockhart are chief residences ;
and Hallbar, a square tower in a romantic
dell, is the principal antiquity. An Estab-
lished church of 1880, and a Free church
of 1879, are in Law. 11 schools are in the
parish, and have accommodation for 1315
scholars.

CARMACOUP, estate in Douglas parish,
Lanarkshire.

CARMAN, hill-summit in Cardross par-
ish, Lanarkshire.

CARMEL, rivulet, running about 10
miles south - westward to Irvine river,
about 3 miles above Irvine town, Ayr-
shire.

CARMICHAEL, parish in upper ward of
Lanarkshire. Its post town is Thankerton.
Its length is nearly 6 miles ; its greatest
breadth 5j miles ; its area 11,314 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £9091. Pop. 770.

CAR

CAR

The surface includes part of Tinto
Mountain, and descends thence, with
much diversity of hill and vale, to the
rivers Clyde and Douglas. The rocks
include excellent coal and limestone.
Carmichael House belonged to the Earl
of Hyndford, and is now a seat of
Sir W. C. J. Carmichael Anstruther,
Bart. The public school has about 56
scholars.

CARMOUNT, moor and hill on mutual
border of Dunnottar and Glenbervie par-
ishes, Kincardineshire.

CARMUNNOCK, village and parish on
north-west border of Lanarkshire. The
village stands 3^ miles south-south-west of
Butherglen, and has a post office under
Glasgow, a parochial church with 470
sittings, and a public school with about 103
scholars. Pop. 315. — The parish measures
about 5 miles by 2, and comprises 3479
acres. Eeal property in 1880-81, £7599.
Pop. 722. The surface includes part of
Cathkin Hill, commanding a most magni-
ficent view, and is all beautifully diversi-
fied with hill and dale. The seats are
Cathkin House and Castlemilk, and the
antiquities are remains of a Eoman road
and a Roman camp.

CARMYLE, village on the Clyde, 4J
miles south-east of Glasgow. It is beauti-
fully situated, and has a railway station.
Pop. 484.

CARMYLIE, parish, averagely 6J miles
west-by-north of Arbroath, Forfarshire.
It has a post office under Arbroath. Its
length is about 5 miles ; its greatest breadth
about 3f miles ; its area 7553 acres. Eeal
property in 1880 - 81, £8838. Pop. 1137.
The land consists of skirts and vales of
south-eastern Sidlaws, presents no bold I
feature or lofty height, and, with excep- j
tion of one summit, is all under the j
plough. Flagstone quarries in it have
been worked for several centuries, produce
now about 150 tons of flags per day, and
have a railway for carrying them to
Arbroath. The seats are Guynd and
Conansythe ; and the antiquities are
vestiges and sites of cairns and Caledonian
standing stones and forts. The churches
are Established and Free. There are 3 I
schools for 377 scholars, and 1 of them for
120 is new.

CARNA, small island in Loch Sunart,
Argyleshire. Pop. 7.

CARNABATTAN, lake in Kiltarlity par-
ish, Inverness-shire.

CARNAC, fosse of quondam Pictish fort,
in Dunbarny parish, Perthshire.

CARNACH, quoad sacra parish, compris-
ing a narrow valley about 14 miles long,
on south border of Eoss-shire. Post town,
Beauly. Pop. 296.

CARNACLAISER, place, with public
school, in Urray parish, Eoss-shire.

CARN-A-MAIREE, lofty mountain in
Glenlyon, Perthshire.

CARNAN, small affluent of the Etive,
in Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

CARNAN, sea-loch in north-east of
South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

CARNASOUG, mountain, 8 miles south-
south-west of Kinlochewe, Eoss-shire.

CARNASSARY, ruined, notable histori-
cal castle, in Kilmartin parish, Argyle-
shire.

CARNAVADDY, cavern, once the retreat
of a notable bandit, in Benclybric, Suther-
land.

CARNBANE, mountain on north flank
of Glenstrathfarrar, Inverness-shire.

CARNBEE, parish, with church, 2f miles
north-by-west of Pittenweem, Fife. It
has a post office under Pittenweem. Its
length is 4J miles ; its greatest breadth 3^
miles ; its area 8396 acres. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £14,816. Pop., quoad civilia,
1057; quoad sacra, 982. A high hill-
ridge extends through the middle from
east to west, and commands very fine
views. The section southward of the
ridge is rich, highly cultivated land ; but
the section northward lies high, and has
an inferior soil. Coal, limestone, and
sandstone are worked. Balcaskie, the
seat of Sir Eobert Anstruther, Bart., is a
chief residence ; and Kellie Castle, once the
seat of the Earl of Kellie, is now a farm-
house. The churches are Established
and Free, and there are 3 schools for 297
scholars.

CARNBO, place about 4 miles from Kin-
ross. It has a post office under Kinross.

CARNBROE (LOW), section of Mossend
town, Lanarkshire.

CARNBROE (NEW), section of Odder
Ironworks town, Lanarkshire.

CARNDEARG, lofty mountain in Fortin-
gal parish, Perthshire.

CARNEIL, hill in Carnock parish, Fife.

CARNLIATH, one of the summits of
Benygloe, in Blair- Athole, Perthshire.

CARN-NAN-EUN, hill in north of Colon-
say Island, Argyleshire.

CARNOCK, village and parish on south-
west border of Fife. The village stands
3^ miles west-north-west of Dunfermline,
and has a post office under Dunfermline,
a fine parochial church of 1840, a Free
church, and a public school with about 86
scholars. Pop. 303. — The parish contains
also the villages of Cairneyhill and Gowk-
hall, and the greater part of Oakley Iron-
works. Its length is 3 miles ; its greatest
breadth 2f miles ; its area 3492 acres. Eeal
property in 1880-81, £5902. Pop. 1055.
The surface is partly level, partly undu-
lated and diversified, and partly occupied
with considerable hills. Coal abounds,
and ironstone and sandstone are found.
The chief seats are Carnock House and
Luskar, and the chief antiquity is the site
of a Eoman camp. John Erskine, author
of the Institutes of the Law of Scotland,
was a native ; and Thomas Gillespie,
founder of the Belief Church, now part of
the United Presbyterian Church, was par-
ish minister. There are 3 schools, with
accommodation for 512 scholars.

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CARNOCK, estate in St. Ninians parish,
Stirlingshire.

CARNOCK, burn, running about 6 miles
north-eastward, partly through a deep
chasm, to the Blane, at 2 miles south-west
of Killearn, Stirlingshire.

CARNOUSIE, seat in Forglen parish,
Banffshire.

CARNOUSTIE, town and quoad sacra
parish on south-east coast of Forfarshire.
The town stands 6 miles south-west of
Arbroath ; is a sea-bathing resort, and a
place of linen manufacture ; consists of
Carnoustie proper and Lower Victoria,
Ravensby, Newton, and "Westhaven sub-
urbs ; and has a head post office with all
departments, a railway station, 2 banking
offices, 4 hotels, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, and Original Secession
churches, an Episcopalian church, founded
in August 1880, and a public school with
about 171 scholars. Pop., of the town
proper, 2650 ; of the town and suburbs,
3243 ; of the quoad sacra parish, 1999.

CARNSALLOCH, estate in Kirkmahoe
parish, Dumfriesshire.

CARNTORKIE, one of the summits of
Benygloe, in Blair-Athole parish, Perth-
shire.

CARNWATH, village and parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. The village stands
f mile east of a railway station of its own
name, 26 miles south-south-west of Edin-
burgh ; is partly old and partly recent ;
adjoins an artificial mound, formerly forti-
fied, and supposed to have been a defensive
work in the cause of Robert Bruce ; has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Lanarkshire, a
banking office, a modern parochial church
contiguous to fine remains of an ancient
collegiate one, a Free church, a United
Presbyterian church, and 2 public schools
with about 217 scholars ; and gives to the
family of Dalzell the title of earl, created
in 1639, attainted in 1715, and restored in
1825. Pop. 845. — The parish contains
also the villages of Wilsontown, Braehead,
Forth, Haywood, and Newbigging, and
part of Carstairs Junction. Its length is
8J miles ; its greatest breadth 1\ miles ; its
area 30,446 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £42,726. Pop. 5831. Low, flat
lands lie adjacent to the Clyde and the
Medwin, yet have an elevation of about
600 feet above sea-level ; and other lands
are mostly plateau and low hill, nowhere
higher than about 600 feet above the level
of the low lands. Much is bare moor, and
about one-half is bleak, wild, and unculti-
vated. Coal, ironstone, and limestone are
plentiful around Wilsontown. Carnwath
House is a seat of Sir Simon M. Lockhart,
Bart. ; and Cowthally Castle, now a ruin,
was a seat of the noble family of Somer-
ville. Established churches are at Forth
and Haywood, a Free church is between
Forth and Wilsontown, and a United Pres-
byterian church is at Braehead. 8 schools
for 1481 scholars are in the parish, and

4 of them and enlargements for 967 are
new.

CAROLINE PARK, a seat of the Duke
of Buccleuch, near Granton, Edinburgh-
shire.

CAROLINE PLACE, village in St. Mar-
tins parish, Perthshire.

CAROLSIDE, seat on the Leader, about
a mile north of Earlston, Berwickshire.

CARPOW, seat in Abernethy parish,
Perthshire.

CARR, burn, entering left side of the
Dee, 2 miles above Castleton-Braemar,
Aberdeenshire. It makes a pretty cascade.

CARR, reef, with beacon, about Lj mile
from Fifeness, eastern extremity of Fife.

CARR, seat of Sir Robert P. Douglas,
Bart., Perthshire.

CARRADALE, hamlet, small bay, small
peninsula, rocky sea cliff, and rivulet of 7
miles entering the bay, 14 miles north-by-
east of Campbelton, Argyleshire. The
hamlet has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, designated of
Argyleshire, an iron pier of 1872, an Estab-
lished church, and a public school. The
peninsula contains ruins of a vitrified fort
about 450 feet in circuit. The sea cliff
is crowned with remains of a considerable
old fortalice.

CARRAIG, dangerous rock, unseen at
high water, between Lismore and Mull
Islands. Argyleshire.

CARR BRIDGE, hamlet on Dulnain
river, 24J miles south-east of Inverness.
It has a post office, with money order
department, under Aviemore, an inn, and a
Free church.

CARRICK, southern district of Ayrshire.
It measures about 32 miles by 20 ; has
mostly a broken, hilly surface, correspond-
ing to its name, signifying ' a rock ; '
figures as an earldom in the history of
the royal Bruces ; and continues to give
the title of earl to the Prince of Wales.

CARRICK, ancient and tolerably entire
castle on west side of Loch Goil, Argyle-
shire. It dates at least from the end of
fifth century, and belonged to the Crown,
but was held by the Earl of Argyle as
hereditary keeper. A place adjacent to it
has a post office of Carrick, under Greenock.

CARRICK, seat in Eday Island, Orkney.

CARRIDEN, parish on coast of Linlith-
gowshire. It contains Blackness, the
Grangepans suburb of Borrowstownness,
and 3 hamlets, and its post town is
Borrowstownness. Its length along the
coast is 4| miles ; its greatest breadth is
2 miles ; and its area is 2705 acres. Real
property in 1880 - 81, £8581. Pop. 1989.
The surface rises rapidly from the shore,
declines again to the south, includes part
of Irongath Hills, and is aggregately very
unequal. The rocks are mostly carboni-
ferous, and include many seams of coal.
Carriden House is the seat of Admiral Sir
James Hope. Antoninus' Wall had its
eastern termination on this coast. The
parochial church stands about \\ mile east-

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south-east of Borrowstownness, and public
schools are there and in Grangepans.

CARRINGTON, village and parish in
south of Edinburghshire. The village
stands 5 miles south-by-west of Dalkeith,
and has a post office under Gorebridge. The
parish measures 4| miles by 2§, and com-
prises 4403 acres. Real property in 1880-
81, £6347. Pop. 606. The surface is
hilly, but is mostly arable. Whitehall
House, is a chief feature. The churches
are Established and Free, the latter serving
also for Temple parish ; and the public
school has accommodation for 130, scholars.

CARROL, abrupt precipice overhanging
Loch Brora, in Clyne parish, Suther-
landshire.

CARRON, daugh in Aberlour parish,
and hill partly also in Inveraven parish,
Banffshire.

CARRON, meadow-bog of about 500
acres, on plateau near the centre of Lennox
Hills, Stirlingshire.

CARRON, river issuing from Carron bog
and running about 20 miles eastward to
the Forth, at Grangemouth. Its banks
have been the scene of many memorable
events, and are famous in song for their
beauty.

CARRON, rivulet, running about 9 miles
southward to the Nith, in vicinity of
Carronbridge, Dumfriesshire. It is crossed,
near the foot, by a very fine railway
viaduct.

CARRON, rivulet, running about 7 miles
eastward to the sea, at Stonehaven, Kin-
cardineshire.

CARRON, sea-loch in south-west of Ross-
shire. It commences at influx of Carron
river ; goes 8 miles south-westward, with
average width of less than a mile ; expands
suddenly to width of about 2J miles ; sends
off north-north-eastward a branch called
Loch Kishorn ; and proceeds 7 miles south-
westward to the sea, with average width
of 3 miles.

CARRON, small river, running about 16
miles south-westward, forming a chain of
small lakes, and falling into head of Loch
Carron, Ross-shire.

CARRON, station on Strathspey railway,
3} miles south-west of Aberlour, Banffshire.
It has a post office, called Carron Station,
under Craigellachie.

CARRONBRIDGE, village on Carron
rivulet. If mile north-west of Thornhill,
Dumfriesshire. It has a post office under
Thornhill, and a railway station.

CARRONBRIDGE, place on Carron river,
near Denny, Stirlingshire. It has a post
office under Denny.

CARRONHALL, village on Carron river,
in Larbert parish, Stirlingshire. Pop. 313.

CARRON IRONWORKS, vast iron-
foundry on river Carron, 1^ mile north-
north-east of Falkirk, Stirlingshire. It
was projected in 1760; is now, and has
long been, the largest foundry in Europe ;
employs about 2000 men ; and has a post
office, simply designated Carron, under

Larbert, and a United Presbyterian church
of 1881.

CARRONSHORE, village on Carron river,
2 miles west of Grangemouth. It is con-
nected with Carron ironworks by a double-
line railway, and it has a post office under
Falkirk, an Established church, projected
in 1876, and a public school with about
236 scholars. Pop. 962.

CARRON (WEST), village, with iron-
works, on river Carron, in Larbert and
Falkirk parishes, Stirlingshire. Pop. 902.

CARROY, small sea - loch, projecting
north-eastward from Loch Bracadale, in
Skye.

CARRUCHAN, seat in Troqueer parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

CARRUTH, seat in Kilmalcolm parish,
Renfrewshire.

CARRUTHERS, old parish, now part of
Middlebie, Dumfriesshire.

CARRUTHERSTOWN, place, 3 miles
from Kirtleb ridge, Dumfriesshire. It has
a post office under Lockerby.

CARRY BLAIR, place, with ancient
sculptured obelisk, in Eddertoun parish,
Ross-shire.

CARSAIG, place, with two grand natural
arches, between Lochbuy mouth and
Innimore head, on south coast of Mull
Island, Argyleshire.

CARSE, bay in Kirkbean parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

CARSE, seat and hill in Rescobie parish,
Forfarshire.

CARSEBRIDGE, coal-field in Alloa parish,
Clackmannanshire.

CARSEBURN, village in Forfar parish,
Forfarshire.

CARSECREUCH, ancient castle, once the
seat of the Earls of Stair, in Old Luce
parish, Wigtonshire.

CARSEGILL, seat in Westerkirk parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CARSEGOWNIE, transmuted old fortified
seat in Aberlemno parish, Forfarshire.

CARSE GRANGE, small village in Errol
parish, Perthshire.

CARSE OF CLACKMANNAN, section of
Carse of Forth within Clackmannanshire.

CARSE OF FALKIRK, section of Carse
of Forth, from Airth in Stirlingshire to
Borrowstownness in Linlithgowshire.

CARSE OF FORTH, low, flat, alluvial
land along both sides of the Forth, from
foot of the Grampians to the heights of
Carriden, in the counties of Perth, Clack-
mannan, Stirling, and Linlithgow.

CARSE OF GOWRIE, low, flat, alluvial
tract along north side of the Tay, from base
of Kinnoul Hill, in Perthshire, to vicinity
of Dundee, Forfarshire. It seems to have
lain under water till far into the human
period ; and it includes some low eminences,
now called Inches, which seem to have
been islands.

CARSE OF KINNEIL, terminal part of
Carse of Forth, around Borrowstownness,
Linlithgowshire.

CARSE OF STIRLING section of Carse

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of Forth from Craigforth to Airth, in
Stirlingshire.

CARSETHORN, village in Kirkbean
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CARSK, place, 13 miles north-north-
west of Lairg, in Sutherland.

CARSKEY, seat and bay in Southend
parish, Argyleshire.

CARSLOGIE, old seat in Cupar parish,
Fife.

CARSPHAIRN, village and parish on
northern border of Kirkcudbrightshire.
The village stands on Deugh rivulet, about
12 miles north-north-west of New Gal-
loway, and has a post office under Dairy,
a hotel, a parochial church with about 400
sittings, and a public school with about 76
scholars. — The parish measures about 15^
miles by 10, and comprises 54,624 acres.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £11,339. Pop.
484. The western border includes part of
Loch Doon, and the interior is much
streaked with upland streams, exhibits
great diversity of glen and mountain
scenery, culminates on Cairnsmuir at 2612
feet above sea-level, contains a well-
preserved Roman camp and a well-pre-
served reach of Roman road, and abounds
in memories of the Covenanters. There is
a Free church for Carsphairn and Dalmel-
lington.

CARSTAIRS, village and parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. The village stands
about a mile north of Carstairs Junction,
occupies the site of the Caledonian and
Roman town Coria, and has a post office
under Lanark, a parochial church, and a
public school with about 170 scholars.
Pop. 528. — The parish contains also
Ravenstruther village and most of Car-
stairs Junction. Its length is 1\ miles ;
its greatest breadth 3 miles; its area
9820 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£15,737. Pop. 1955. The Clyde bounds
the south-east end, and Mouse rivulet
crosses the interior. The land is diversified
by multitudes of sand knolls, of exceedingly
various shape and size. Carstairs House,
adjacent to the Clyde, is a chief feature.

CARSTAIRS JUNCTION, village, with
railway station at meeting-point of rail-
ways from Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dolphin-
ton, and Carlisle, 27| miles south-west-by-
south of Edinburgh. It has a post office de-
signated of Lanarkshire. It sprang entirely
from the formation of the Caledonian Rail-
way ; and it has ample buildings and
appliances for accommodating and re-
arranging railway trains. Pop. 888.

CART, river, formed by conflux of Black
and White Carts, and running about 7
furlongs northward to the Clyde, at 6^ miles
west-north-west of Glasgow.

CART, burn, running to the Lossie, in
Dallas parish, Elginshire.

CART (BLACK), small river, running
about 9 miles north-eastward from Castle-
Semple Loch to confluence with White
Cart, Renfrewshire.

CARTERBAR, east shoulder of Carter

Fell, on mutual border of Roxburghshire
and England. It is traversed by the
public road from Jedburgh to Newcastle-
on-Tyne.

CARTER FELL, mountain, 1815 feet
high, one of the Cheviots, on mutual border
of Roxburghshire and England, 9^ miles
south - south - east of Jedburgh. The
famous skirmish of 1575, sung as the
' Raid of the Red Swire,' was fought on it.

CARTERHAUGH, meadow at confluence
of the Ettrick and the Yarrow, Selkirk-
shire. It is the scene of the fairy ballad
of 'Tamlane.'

CARTLAND, village in north-west of
Lanark parish, Lanarkshire. It has a
public school.

CARTLAND CRAGS, great chasm, tra-
versed by lowmost reach of Mouse rivulet,
in north-west vicinity of Lanark. It ex-
tends fully f mile, in curved line, from
east - north - east to west - south - west ;
appears to be a rent through a tabular hill,
caused by vertical earthquake stroke ; is
flanked by perpendicular, fissured, rugged
cliffs, with maximum height of about 400
feet on one side, and more than 200 feet
on the other ; and shows correspondence
of the two sides, face to face and part to
part, in almost every crack and salience.

CARTSBURN, quoad sacra parish in east
end of Greenock,Renfrewshire. Pop. 10,639.

CARTSDYKE, or CRAWFURDSDIKE,
eastern suburb of Greenock, Renfrewshire.
It was originally a separate village ; and it
became a burgh of barony, and a rival to
Greenock ; but it now stands compact with
that town, and is part of the parliamentary
burgh. It has a railway station, a Free
church, and a large public school.

CART (WHITE), river, rising in south-
east extremity of Renfrewshire, and run-
ning about 19 miles deviously, past Busby,
Pollockshaws, and Paisley, to a confluence
with the Black Cart.

CARTY, harbour on Cree river, 1^ mile
south-south-east of Newton-Stewart, Wig-
tonshire.

CARVY, small affluent of the Don, in
Strathdon parish, Aberdeenshire.

CARWOOD, seat and burn in Biggar
parish, Lanarkshire.

CASH FEUS, section of Strathmiglo
town, Fife. Pop. 698.

CASHOGLE, estate in Durisdeer parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CASKIEBEN, seat, 9 miles north-west-
by-west of Aberdeen.

CASSENCARRIE, old building, with
tower, in Kirkmabreck parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

CASSILIS, railway station and mansion,
6J miles south of Ayr, Ayrshire. The
mansion is partly modern, but chiefly an
edifice of 15th century, belongs to the
Marquis of Ailsa, and is the scene of the
famous traditional story of Sir John Faa.
The Kennedys of Dunure have been Earls
of Cassilis in the peerage of Scotland since
1511, and acquired the Marquisate of Ailsa

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in the peerage of the United Kingdom in
1831.

CASSLEY, small river, running 15 miles
south-south-eastward to the Oikell, near
Rosehall, at the boundary between Suther-
land and Ross-shire.

CASTLE, village in New Cumnock
parish, Ayrshire.

CASTLE, small bay in Portpatrick
parish, Wigtonshire.

CASTLE, bay in Barra Island, Outer
Hebrides.

CASTLEBANK, seat near Lanark, Lanark-
shire.

CASTLEBAY, place in Barra Island,
Outer Hebrides. It has a post office under
Lochmaddy.

CASTLE - CAMPBELL, or CASTLE-
GLOOM, ruined, strong, noble fortalice,
about a mile north-north-west of Dollar,
Clackmannanshire. It crowns a round
isolated mound at top of a wooded ravine ;
it dates from some period unknown to
record ; and it became the property of the
Earls of Argyle in 1493, and was burnt by
the Marquis of Montrose in 1645.

CASTLECARY, railway station, and re-
mains of a principal station on Antoninus'
Wall, 7 miles west-south-west of Falkirk,
Stirlingshire.

CASTLE-CLANYARD, ruined old seat in
Kirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire.

CASTLE - CLUGGY, remains of strong
ancient fortalice in Monivaird parish,
Perthshire.

CASTLE - COEFFIN, ruined ivy - clad
ancient fortalice, supposed to be Danish,
on Lismore Island, Argyleshire.

CASTLE -COLE, curious Scandinavian
tower, with uncemented walls 11 feet
thick, in Clyne parish, Sutherland.

CASTLE-CRAIG, seat of Sir William H.
G. Carmichael, Bart., in Kirkurd parish,
Peeblesshire.

CASTLE-CRAIG, fragment of seat of the
Bishops of Ross in Resolis parish, Ross-
shire.

CASTLE-CRAIG, place, with remains of
fort, adjacent to Tillicoultry, Clackmannan-
shire.

CASTLE-CRAIG, rising ground, with re-
mains of small Roman camp, in West Calder
paiish, Edinburghshire.

CASTLE-CRAIGNISH. See Craignish.

CASTLE-DANGEROUS. See Douglas.

CASTLE-DONNAN, ruined ancient forta-
lice in Kintail parish, Ross-shire.

CASTLE-DOUGLAS, town in Kirkcud-
brightshire, 19| miles south-west of Dum-
fries. It sprang from a hamlet called
Causewayend or Carlinwark, and took its
present name in 1792, with allusion to the
famous Douglas Castle of Thrieve, 1| mile
to the west. It rose suddenly to import-
ance, sustained a check by failure of cotton
manufacture, flourished speedily again,
and is now the main centre of business for
eastern Galloway. It stands on a gentle
declivity adjacent to Carlinwark Loch ;
consists of spacious streets, crossing one

another at right angles, with gardens in
their rear ; and presents an airy, pleasant,
well-built appearance. It has a head post
office with all departments, a railway
station, 2 banking offices, 3 hotels, a town
hall, an Established church, 2 Free churches,
United Presbyterian, Episcopalian, and
Roman Catholic churches, a Mechanics'
Institute, 2 public schools with about 417
scholars, and public 'waterworks of 1880.
Pop. 2565.

CASTLE - DOWNREAY, ruined ancient
seat of the Mackays, in Reay parish, Caith-
ness.

CASTLEDYKES, site of ancient castle of
the Comyns, on the Nith, a little south of
Dumfries.

CASTLEDYKES, site of Roman station,
on the Clyde, in Carstairs parish, Lanark-
shire.

CASTLEFAIRN, headstream of the Cairn,
in Glencairn parish, Dumfriesshire.

CASTLE-FORBES, seat of Lord Forbes,
on the Don, in Keig parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

CASTLE-FRASER, seat, 2 miles south-
west of Kemnay, Aberdeenshire.

CASTLE-GILMOUR, farm, with impor-
tant minerals, in Sanquhar parish, Dum-
f ricssliirG

CASTLE - GIRNIGOE, ruined ancient
stronghold of the Earls of Caithness, on
the coast 3 miles north-east of Wick,
Caithness.

CASTLE-GLOOM. See Castle-Campbell.

CASTLEGOWER, farm, with vitrified fort,
in Buittle parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CASTLE-GRANT, a seat of the Earl of
Seafield, near Grantown, Elginshire.

CASTLE - HAYNE, vestige of strong
ancient fortalice, on coast of Borgue par-
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CASTLEHILL, village in Carluke parish,
Lanarkshire. Pop. 485.

CASTLEHILL, place, with public school,
in Kippen parish, Stirlingshire.

CASTLEHILL, south-western section of
Inverness. It has a post office under
Inverness.

CASTLEHILL, bay, harbour, and ship-
ment place of paving-flag, in Olrig parish,
Caithness.

CASTLE -HILL, each of at least 46
eminences in Scotland, now or formerly
crowned by a castle.

CASTLE-HUNTLY, grand mansion, once
the seat of the Earls of Strathmore, in
Longforgan parish, Perthshire.

CASTLE-ISLAND, islet, famous in the
history of Queen Mary, in Loch Leven,
Kinross-shire.

CASTLE-ISLAND, islet near Eigg, Inner
Hebrides.

CASTLE - KENNEDY, railway station,
post office, lake, and ruined noble man-
sion, in Inch parish, Wigtonshire. The
station is 3 miles east-by-south of Stran-
raer. The post office is designated Castle-
Kennedy Station, Wigtonshire. The lake
measures 2 miles by has picturesque

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features, contains two islets, and is nearly
bisected by two peninsulas. The mansion
was built in the time of James vi.,
belonged to the Earls of Cassilis, passed
to the Earls of Stair, and was accidentally
burnt in 1715. The parochial church of
Inch, and a public school with about 90
scholars, are adjacent to the lake.

CASTLE-KILCHURN. See Kilchurn.

CASTLE-KNAP, vestige of ancient State
prison, in Lunan parish, Forfarshire.

CASTLE - LACHLAN, seat in Strachur
parish, Argyleshire.

CASTLELAW, lofty conical hill, with
vestige of large Scandinavian fort, and
with extensive view, 2 miles south of
Forgandenny, Perthshire.

CASTLELAW, lofty hill, one of the Lam-
mermoors, with large circular camp, in
Yester parish, Haddingtonshire.

CASTLELAW, eminence, with vestige of
ancient camp, in Glencorse parish, Edin-
burghshire.

CASTLELAW, seat in Coldstream parish,
Berwickshire.

CASTLELAW, hill, with ancient Cale-
donian fort, in Yetholm parish, Roxburgh-
shire.

CASTLE-LEATHERS, estate in Inverness
parish, Inverness-shire.

CASTLE-LEOD, noble mansion, long a
seat of the Earls of Cromarty, and now
belonging to the Duchess of Sutherland,
at head of Strathpeffer, Ross-shire.

CASTLE LOCH, lake of more than 200
acres, adjacent to Lochmaben, Dumfries-
shire. It is rich in both kinds and quan-
tities of fish, and contains a peculiar
species called the vendace ; and it has,
on a peninsula, the remains of the royal
castle of the Bruces.

CASTLE -LYON, quondam seat in Bor-
rowstownness parish, Linlithgowshire; also
quondam name of Castle-Huntly, Perth-
shire.

CASTLE-MAINS, seat near Lesmahagow,
Lanarkshire.

CASTLE-MAOIL, ruined ancient strong
fortalice, adjacent to Kyleakin, Inverness-
shire.

CASTLE-MEARNAIG, ancient fortalice,
surmounting conical rock, on Kingairloch
coast, opposite Lismore, Argyleshire.

CASTLE-MENZIES, seat of Sir Robert
Menzies, Bart., near the Tay, in Weem
parish, Perthshire.

CASTLEMILK, seat in St. Mungo par-
ish, Dumfriesshire.

CASTLEMILK, seat in Carmunnock par-
ish, Lanarkshire. Queen Mary slept in it
on the night before the battle of Langside.

CASTLE-NA-COIR, ruined old baronial
fortalice, near mouth of Cassley river, on
south border of Sutherland.

CASTLE -NEWE, seat of Sir Charles
Forbes, on upper part of Don river, Aber-
deenshire.

CASTLE -O'ER, Saxon camp, formerly
thought to be Roman, in Eskdalemuir
parish, Dumfriesshire.

CASTLE-POINT, low wooded headland
at eastern extremity of Roseneath parish,
Dumbartonshire.

CASTLE-QUA, quondam fort on a brink
of Cartland Crags, Lanarkshire. It dated
from the Caledonian times, and may have
been held by Sir William Wallace at his
assault on Lanark.

CASTLE-RACHAL, ruined Scandinavian
fortalice on north-west side of Lismore
Island, Argyleshire.

CASTLE - RANKINE, affluent of the
Carron, with industrial works, in Denny
parish, Stirlingshire.

CASTLE-ROY, remnant of large, strong,
ancient fortalice in Abernethy parish,
Inverness-shire.

CASTLES, lofty hill, with ancient camp,
in Yester parish, Haddingtonshire.

CASTLES, pinnacled cliff, pierced with
spacious cave, on south side of Ulva
Island, Argyleshire.

CASTLE-SEMPLE, lake and mansion in
Lochwinnoch parish, Renfrewshire. The
lake was reduced by drainage from up-
wards of 600 acres to about 200 acres ; has
3 wooded islets, and richly embellished
cincture ; contains several kinds of fish,
and is frequented by waterfowl. The
mansion is on its west side, near the foot,
and is a modern edifice on site of an
ancient one.

CASTLE - SHUNA, ruined ancient fort-
alice, on Shuna Island, in Loch Linnhe,
Argyleshire.

CASTLE - SINCLAIR, ruined ancient
fortalice of the Earls of Caithness, adja-
cent to Castle-Girnigoe, on Wick coast,
Caithness.

CASTLE-SPIRITIN, remnant of small
baronial keep on upper part of river Ness,
Inverness-shire.

CASTLE-SPYNIE, ancient, partly vitri-
fied fort on rocky peak of southern screen
of Loch Beauly, Inverness-shire.

CASTLE-STALKER, unroofed hunting-
seat of King James IV., afterwards resi-
dence of the Stewarts of Appin, on insu-
lated rock, off mouth of Appin Bay,
Argyleshire.

CASTLE-STALKER, ruined old fortalice,
picturesque and conspicuous, on Eriskay
Island, Outer Hebrides.

CASTLE-STEWART, lake and neglected
seat in Glasserton parish, Wigtonshire.

CASTLE-STEWART, ruined old seat in
Penningham parish, Wigtonshire.

CASTLE-STRIPE, streamlet and traces of
old castle in Inveraven parish, Banffshire.

CASTLE-STUART, a seat of the Earl of
Moray in Petty parish, Inverness-shire.

CASTLE-SWIN, ruined ancient strong
fortalice on Loch Swin, North Knapdale
parish, Argyleshire.

CASTLE-TIRIM, ruined strong ancient
fortalice on Loch Moydart, Inverness-shire.

CASTLETON, parish, containing the post
office villages of Newcastleton and Riccar-
ton, in south of Roxburghshire. It
adjoins England, figures in history and in

CAS

8:

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popular nomenclature as Liddesdale, is
the country of the ' Dandy Dinmont ' of
Sir Walter Scott's Guy Mannering, and
contains many scenes like that of Dandy
Dinmont's farm, much modified by modern
improvement. Its length is about 20
miles ; its greatest breadth 14 miles ; its
area 67,858 acres. Eeal property in
1880-81, £29,262. Pop. 2256. The border
districts, excepting the south, are moun-
tainous ; the interior districts are mostly
hilly ; a large proportion of the whole is
moorish, bleak, and wild ; and the inhabi-
ted parts are chiefly low tracts along
Hermitage and Liddle rivers. Hermitage
Castle, notable both in structure and in
history, is a prominent feature ; and
monuments of the Caledonian, the Roman,
and the feudal times are numerous. The
churches are Established, Free, and Uni-
ted Presbyterian. There are 4 schools for
418 scholars, and 2 of them and enlarge-
ments for 170 are new.

CASTLETON, small village in Borthwick
parish, Edinburghshire.

CASTLETON, farm, with ruins of ancient
royal palace, in Fordoun parish, Kincar-
dineshire.

CASTLETON, estate, with vestiges of
archi-episcopal mansion of 14th century,
in Muckart parish, Perthshire.

CASTLETON, hill, with site of ancient
castle, in Avoch parish, Ross-shire.

CASTLETON-BRAEMAR, village at influx
of the Cluny to the Dee, 60 miles west-by-
south of Aberdeen. • It is a tourists' centre
for exploring the Dee's upper basin and
the Cairngorm Mountains ; it adjoins the
ruin of an ancient fortalice of the Earls of
Max-, said to have been originally a hunting-
seat of Malcolm Canmore ; it is near a
castellated edifice of 1720, long used by a
Government garrison ; and it has a post
office of Braemar, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Aberdeen,
2 hotels, Established, Free, and Roman
Catholic Churches, and a public school.
Pop., with adjacent part of quoad sacra
parish, 859.

CASTLETON (NEW). See Newcastle- ■

TON.

CASTLETOWN, town at head of Dunnet
Bay, 5 miles east of Thurso, Caithness. It
is modern, contains some handsome houses,
conducts a large trade in working and ex-
porting pavement flags, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
department, under Thurso, a banking office,
Established, Free, and Original Secession
churches, and a public school with about
113 scholars. Pop. 932.

CASTLE-URQUHART. See Urquhaet,
Inverness-shire.

CASTLE VARRICH, ruined fortalice on
small promontory near head of Kyle of
Tongue, Sutherland.

CASTLE-WALLANS, vestige of old fort-
alice, said to have been a refuge of Sir
William Wallace, on the Clyde, in Carluke
parish, Lanarkshire.

CASTLEWIGG, seat in Whithorn parish,
Wigtonshire.

CASTRAGOE, harbour in Birsay parish,
Orkney.

CASTRAMOUNT, ancient small moat in
Girthon parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CATACOL, hamlet at mouth of Glen-
catacol, Arran Island, Buteshire. Tradi-
tion says that a battle was fought on its
site between Fingal and his enemies.

CATCUNE, hamlet and ruined fortalice,
in Borthwick parish, Edinburghshire.

CATERLINE, village and ancient parish
in Kincardineshire. The village stands on
the coast, 5 miles north - north - east of
Bervie, and has a pier and an Episcopalian
church. The parish is now united to
Kinneff.

CATERTHUN, hills, with remains of
very strong and extensive ancient Cale-
donian fortifications, 4^ miles north-west
of Brechin, Forfarshire.

CATFIRTH, voe or bay on southern
boundary of Nesting parish, Shetland.

CATHCART, parish, chiefly in Renfrew-
shire, but partly in Lanarkshire, and in-
cluding parts of the southern suburbs of
Glasgow. It has a post office of its own
name under Glasgow, and contains the
Queen's Park, the town of Crossbill, the vil-
lages of New Cathcart, Old Cathcart, Cross-
myloof, Langside, Camphill, Prospect Hill,
Florida, Clarkston-Toll, Hangingshaw, Mill-
bridge, Netherlee, and part of the town
of Busby. Its length is 4 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 2 miles ; its area, in Renfrew-
shire, 2667 acres ; in Lanarkshire, 1397 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £86,113 and
£4381. Pop. , quoad civilia, 12,023 and 188 ;
quoad sacra, 7242 and 73. The northern
section is a charming expanse of rolling
landscape, very rich in both natural beauty
and artificial embellishment ; but the
southern section is somewhat hilly and
comparatively bleak and barren. A tract
of much interest is the battlefield of Lang-
side ; and an object of much note is Cath-
cart Castle, a place of conflict in the times
of Wallace and Bruce, and long the seat of
the distinguished family of its own name,
but now a diminished ivy-clad ruin. The
Cathcart family acquired the title of
baron in the peerage of Scotland about
1447, and the titles of viscount and earl in
the peerage of the United Kingdom in
respectively 1807 and 1814. Their heredi-
tary estates were alienated in 1546, but
partly repurchased within the present
century. Their present seat in the parish
is Cathcart House. Other seats are Aiken-
head, Langside, Netherlee, Camphill, and
numerous villas. The churches are 3
Established, 4 Free, and 4 United Pres-
byterian. There are 10 schools for 1686
scholars, and 2 of them for 700 are new.

CATHCART (NEW), village on the White
Cart, 2J miles south of Glasgow. It was
founded about the beginning of present
century. Pop. 689.

CATHCART (OLD), village on the White

CAT

84

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Cart, near New Cathcart. It contains
Cathcart parochial church, a fine edifice.
Pop. , with Holmhead and Braehead, 1003.

CATHERINEFIELD, place in Dumfries
parish, Dumfriesshire. It has a public
school with about 93 scholars.

CATHERINE'S (ST.), ferry on Loch Fyne,
opposite Inverary, Argyleshire.

CATHKIN, seat in Carmunnock parish,
and hill on mutual border of Carmunnock
and Rutherglen parishes, Lanarkshire. The
hill commands a magnificent view.

CATHLAW, seat and hill in Torphichen
parish, Linlithgowshire.

CATLAW, mountain, 2196 feet high, in
Kingoldrum parish, Forfarshire.

CATRAIL, military work, generally sup-
posed to have been constructed by the
Romanized Caledonians as a defence
against the Saxons, and extending from
vicinity of Galashiels southward to vicinity
of western end of Cheviot Hills. It con-
sisted of a fosse and a double rampart from
20 to 24 feet broad, aided at intervals by
hill - forts ; and it is still distinct or
traceable in several parts.

CATRINE, town and quoad sacra parish
in Ayrshire. The town stands on Ayr river,
2 miles east - south - east of Mauchline ;
was founded in 1787, as a seat of cotton
manufacture ; is built on a regular plan,
with central square and streets crossing
one another at right angles ; and has a post
office, with money order department, under
Mauchline, a banking office, a hotel, Es-
tablished, Free, United Presbyterian, and
Evangelical Union churches, and a public
school with about 316 scholars. Pop. of
both town and parish, 2638. Catrine House,
in the vicinity, figures in the biography of
Prof. Dugald Stewart and the poet Burns.

CATSTANE, monumental stone, com-
memorative of a battle between Kenneth
and Constantine in 995, on Almond river,
in Kirkliston parish, Edinburghshire.

CATTER, seat in Kilmaronock parish,
Dumbartonshire.

CAULDCHAPEL, farm, with ancient
camp and tumulus, in "Wandell parish,
Lanarkshire.

CAULDCLEUCH, mountain, 1996 feet
high, on mutual border of Teviothead and
Castleton parishes, Roxburghshire.

CAULDHAME, hamlet in section of
Kippen parish, within Perthshire.

CAULDRON, lake in Dryfesdale parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CAULDSHIELDS, lake in section of Gala-
shiels parish, within Roxburghshire.

CAULDSTANE, pass through Pentland
Hills, south-west of East Cairn, Edin-
burghshire.

CAUSEWAYEND, railway station, 5J
miles south - west of Borrowstownness,
Linlithgowshire.

CAUSEWAYEND, place, with public
school, in Mid-Calder parish, Edinburgh-
shire.

CAUSEWAYHEAD, village, 1£ mile north
of Stirling. It has a post office under

Stirling, a railway station, and a public
school with about 110 scholars. Pop. 370.
CAUSEWAYSIDE, suburb of Tollcross,

CAUSEWAY-STONES, village in Blantyre
parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 464.

CAVA, island in Orphir parish, Orkney.

CAVENS, seat in Kirkbean parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire. A castellated residence of
the Regent Morton stood on a spot near.

CAVE OF GOLD, basaltic cavern near
Loch Staffin, Isle of Skye.

CAVE OF THE KETTLE, coast cavern,
with vertical shaft discharging lofty jet
d'eau, at Tighary Point, in North Uist,
Outer Hebrides.

CAVERS, parish, containing the post
office village of Denholm, in Roxburgh-
shire. Its length is nearly 12 miles ; its
breadth, in some parts, not much more
than 2 miles ; its area 18,254 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £15,896. Pop. 1318.
The Teviot bounds its north-west side, and
the Rule its north-east end. The surface
near these streams is partly rich alluvial
land ; farther back is a beautiful as-
semblage of undulation, dale, ravine, and
hill, terminating in part of Ruberslaw
Mountain ; in the extreme south, is mostly
bleak, moorish, and mountainous. Cavers
House is the only mansion. The churches
are Established, Free, and Congregational.
There are 3 schools for Cavers and Kirkton,
with accommodation for 467 scholars, and
2 of them and enlargements with accom-
modation for 291 are new.

CAVERS-CARRE, seat in Bowden parish,
Roxburghshire.

CAVERTON, village, 4| miles south-
south-east of Kelso, Roxburghshire. It
has a public school with about 56 scholars.

CAVERTON EDGE, extensive moor near
Caverton village, Roxburghshire. It was
formerly used for the Kelso races.

CAWDOR, village in Nairnshire, and
parish partly also in Inverness-shire. The
village stands 5J miles south-west-by-south
of Nairn ; has a post office under Nairn,
an Established church, a Free church, and
a public school with about 99 scholars,
and gives the titles of baron and earl to
a branch of the family of Campbell. — The
parish extends about 3^ miles along Nairn
river, varies in breadth there from about
1 mile to 5 miles, and has an offset across
Findhorn river to the extent of more than
16 miles. Acres, in Nairnshire, 27,414 ;
in Inverness-shire, 1952. Real property
in 1880-81, £4500 and £599. Pop. 959 and
111. The tract along the Nairn, to
the breadth of about a mile, is cultivated
plain, and the surface thence rises into
ranges of considerable hills. Cawdor
Castle, partly a grand structure of 14th
century, is the seat of Earl Cawdor, was
a hiding-place of Lord Lovat after the
battle of Culloden, and is traditionally
but foolishly alleged to have been the
scene of the murder of King Duncan by
Macbeth. The churches are Established

CAW

85

CHA

and Free, and there are 2 new public
schools with accommodation for 176
scholars.

CAWPLA, burn and lake in Neilston
parish, Eenfrewshire.

CEANNABIN, mountain in Durness par-
ish, Sutherland.

CEANNAMHARA, bold headland, cloven,
shattered, and swarming with seafowl, at
western extremity of Tyree Island, Argyle-
shire. .

CEANNARD, lake on Grandtully Hill,
Dull parish, Perthshire.

CEANNARD, rivulet traversing Strath-
ceannard, in Coigach district, Cromarty-
shire.

CEANNLOCH, rivulet entering head of
Loch Roag, in Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CEAN- RESORT, mountain at head of
Loch Resort, in Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CEATHRAMHGARBH, district between
Loch Inchard and Loch Laxford, Edder-
achyllis parish, Sutherland.

CELLAR, headland in north-east of
Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CELLARDYKE, fishing town contiguous
to Anstruther, on south-east coast of Fife.
It got its name from storage cellars for
fish ; it forms part of the royal burgh of
Kilrenny ; and it has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Anstruther, a banking office, and
infant and female public schools with
about 134 and 55 scholars. Pop. 2568.

CERES, town and parish in east centre
of Fife. The town stands on burn of its
own name, 2J miles south-east of Cupar ;
includes the suburbs of Bridgend and
Glaidney ; carries on considerable manu-
facture of brown linen ; and has a post
office,with most departments, under Cupar,
a public green, an Established church,
a Free church, 2 United Presbyterian
churches, a public school with about 184
scholars, and the burial vault of the
Earls of Crawford. Pop. 839. — The
parish contains also the villages of Craig-
rothie and Chance Inn, but excludes the
suburb of Glaidney. Its length is 6£
miles ; its greatest breadth 3f miles ; its
urea 10,075 acres. Real property in 1880-
81, £17,541. Pop., quoad civilia, 2063;
quoad sacra, 1963. The surface is
pleasantly diversified, but mainly consists
of fine valley screened by Tarvet Hill and
Magus Moor. Limestone is largely worked,
building stone is extensively quarried,
and coal abounds, but is not now worked.
A basaltic colonnade is onNewbiggingfarm.
Teasses and Edenwood are principal seats ;
Craighall House and Struthers House are
ruins ; and a tower about 50 feet high is
on Scotstarvet estate. There are 4 schools
for 497 scholars, and an enlargement of
1 of them for 100 is new.

CESSFORD, village and old castle in
east of Roxburghshire. The village stands
on burn of its own name, 6£ miles south-
east of Jedburgh, and gives the titles of
baron and marquis to the Duke of Rox-

burghe. — The castle was the residence of
the Duke of Roxburghe's ancestors ;
figured in many events of the Border
raids and warfare ; had a strength not
much less than that of Dunbar and Fast
Castles ; and is now represented by a
ruined massive keep, with frightful
dungeon.

CESSNOCK, rivulet, running about 9
miles north-north-westward to the Irvine,
at 2 miles below Galston, Ayrshire.

CHALMERS, quoad sacra parish in east-
ern part of Glasgow. Pop. 4415.

CHAMPFLEURIE, seat, 2J miles east of
Linlithgow.

CHANCE INN, village midway between
Ceres and Cupar, Fife.

CHANCE INN, place in Inverkeilor par-
ish, Forfarshire. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Forfarshire.

CHANLOCK, verdant round hill in Pen-
pont parish, Dumfriesshire.

CHANNELKIRK, parish in extreme
north-west of Berwickshire. Post town,
Lauder. Length, nearly 8 miles ; greatest
breadth, 5 miles ; area, 14,191 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £8524. Pop. 607.
The surface is an assemblage of hills and
vales, among the Lammermoors, in upper
part of basin of the Leader. The hills are
mostly bleak and heathy, and the vales
comprise about 3000 acres of arable land.
Oxton village is in the south-east. The
parochial church contains about 300
sittings, and the public school has accom-
modation for 169 scholars.

CHANONRY, town and headland in
Rosemarkie parish, Ross-shire. The town
stands on the coast about ^ mile south-
west of Rosemarkie burgh ; took the name
of Chanonry from being the canonry and
bishop's seat of Ross ; and was united to
Rosemarkie burgh in the time of James
II., under the common name of Fortrose.
The headland projects east-south-eastward
to vicinity of Fort-George, contracts Moray
Firth there to a width of ly mile, and has
a ferry station and a lighthouse, the latter
with a fixed light visible at the distance of
11 nautical miles.

CHAPEL, any spot which is or was the
site of an ancient chapel, as in the par-
ishes of Bothwell, Crawford, Dirleton,
Kelso, Larbert, Dalserf, Lauder, Lillies-
leaf, Tynron, and New Kilpatrick.

CHAPEL, small village in Newtyle par-
ish, Forfarshire.

CHAPEL, village contiguous to Gateside,
in Neilston parish, Renfrewshire.

CHAPEL, village in Cambusnethan par-
ish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 414.

CHAPEL, village in Abbotshall parish,
Fife.

CHAPELDEN, place, with remains of
ancient chapel, in Aberdour parish, Aber-
deenshire.

CHAPEL-DERMID, place, with remains
of ancient burying-ground, in Row parish,
Dumbartonshire.

CHA

86

CHA

CHAPEL-DOCKIE, site of ancient chapel
in Monifieth parish, Forfarshire.

CH APEL-D ON AN , site of ancient chapel
in Girvan parish, Ayrshire.

CHAPELFIELD, site of ancient chapel
in Abbey St. Bathans parish, Berwick-
shire.

CHAPELFIELD, site of ancient chapel
and burying -ground in Edrom parish,
Berwickshire.

CHAPELFIELD, site of ancient church,
with remains of ancient burying-ground, in
Dunlichity parish, Inverness-shire.

CHAPEL-GARDEN, place, with remains
of ancient chapel, in "Wemyss parish,
Fife.

CHAPELGILL, mountain, 2282 feet
high, 5 miles south-south-west of Brough-
ton, Peeblesshire.

CHAPEL - GREEN, place, _ with public
school, in Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

CHAPELHALL, town, 2 miles north-by-
east of Holytown, Lanarkshire. It stands
adjacent to extensive collieries, has exten-
sive ironworks, is quite modern and well
built, and has a post office under Airdrie,
a Free church, and a Roman Catholic
church. Pop. 1829.

CHAPELHILL, any eminence now or
formerly crowned with ancient chapel, as
in the parishes of Culter, Dundonald,
Kirkmahoe, Logie, Monedie, Muthil, Rob-
erton, Rothes, Rothesay, Tarbat, and
Trinity-Gask.

CHAPELHILL, eminence on the Clyde,
near Old Kilpatrick village, Dumbarton-
shire. It was occupied by the western
terminal forts of Antoninus' Wall, and it
has yielded many Roman relics.

CHAPELHILL, place, with United Pres-
byterian church, in Nigg parish, Ross-
shire.

CHAPELHILL, village in Monzie parish,
Perthshire.

CHAPELHOPE, hill on west side of
Loch-of-the-Lowes, on south-west border
of Selkirkshire. It has the site of an
ancient chapel, and is crowned with a
massive monument, erected about 1862, to
Hogg, the ' Ettrick Shepherd.'

CHAPELKNOWE, site of celebrated
chapel on Old Melrose peninsula, Rox-
burghshire. The chapel succeeded a Cul-
dee establishment, was erected in the
time of Malcolm in., figured as a great
resort of pilgrims, and was burnt by the
English in the time of Robert Bruce.

CHAPELKNOWE, village, 7| miles south-
south-west of Langholm, Dumfriesshire.
It has a post office designated of Dumfries-
shire, and a United Presbyterian church.

CHAPELKNOWE, site of ancient chapel
at west end of Leitholm village, Berwick-
shire.

CHAPEL-LAROCH, site of ancient chapel,
in Drymen parish, Stirlingshire.

CHAPEL-OF-GARIOCH, parish, contain-
ing the post office and railway station of
Pitcaple, in Garioch district, Aberdeen-
shire. Its length is 10 miles ; its greatest

breadth 5 miles ; its area 13,059 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £13,181. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1923 ; quoad sacra, 1780.
The river Ury intersects the broadest
part, and the river Don traces the
southern boundary. The land is uneven,
but neither mountainous nor hilly. A
notable place is the battlefield of Harlaw.
The seats are Pitcaple, Pitrodie, Fetternear,
and Logie-Elphinstone ; and the antiquities
are a Caledonian stone circle, the hiero-
glyphic Maiden stone, the ruined Balquhain
Castle, and part of Pitcaple Castle. The
churches are 2 Established and 2 Free.
There are 3 schools for 388 scholars, and 1
of them and class-rooms for 200 are new.

CHAPEL-PARK, place, with vestige of
ancient monastery, in Ladykirk parish,
Berwickshire.

CHAPEL - PATRICK, site of ancient
chapel in Portpatrick parish, Wigton-
shire.

CHAPEL-RONE, site of ancient chapel
in Dalserf parish, Lanarkshire.

CHAPELROSSAN, bay and hamlet in
Kirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire.

CHAPELSHADE, quoad sacra parish in
Dundee. It has an Established church
and a Free church. Pop. 5989.

CHAPELTON, village and quoad sacra
parish in middle ward of Lanarkshire.
The village stands about 5 miles south-
south-west of Hamilton, and has a post
office under Hamilton, an Established
church, a Free church, and a public school
with about 76 scholars. Pop. 721. — The
quoad sacra parish was constituted in 1875.
Pop. 937.

CHAPELTON, one of the villages or
sections of Cambuslang town, Lanark-
shire.

CHAPELTON, hamlet inGlenlivet, Banff-
shire. It has a post office under Ballindal-
loch and a Roman Catholic chapel.

CHAPELTON, hamlet in Borgue parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

CHAPELTON, place, with burying-ground
and remains of ancient chapel, in Inver-
keilor parish, Forfarshire.

CHAPELTON, property in Fetteresso
parish, Kincardineshire.

CHAPELTON, site of ancient chapel and
burying - ground, in Cumbernauld parish,
Dumbartonshire.

CHAPELTON, place, with ancient bury-
ing-ground, in Rescobie parish, Forfar-
shire.

CHAPELTON, site of ancient chapel in
Methlick parish, Aberdeenshire.

CHAPELTON, place, with vestige of
ancient chapel, in Leslie parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

CHARLESTON, southern suburb of
Paisley, Renfrewshire.

CHARLESTON, village in Glammis
parish, Forfarshire. ft

CHARLESTON,, village in Rathien parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CHARLESTON, village in Knockbaiii
parish, Ross-shire.

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87

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CHARLESTON, village in Nigg parish,
Kincardineshire.

CHARLESTON, Deeside, Aberdeenshire.
See Aboyne.

CHARLESTOWN, seaport village on
Firth of Forth, adjacent to Limekilns, 4
miles west of Inverkeithing, Fife. It was
founded in 1778, serves chiefly for exporta-
tion of lime and coal, acquired a break-
water and great improvement of its harbour
in 1876, and has a post office, with all de-
partments, under Dunfermline, andapublic
school with about 87 scholars. Pop. 557.

CHARLESTOWN, Banffshire. See Aber-

LOUR.

CHARLETON, seat near Elie, Fife.
CHARLETON, seat near St. Andrews,
Fife.

CHARLETON, seat near Dubton railway-
station, Forfarshire.

CHARLOTTE (FORT). See Lerwick.

CHARLOTTE (PORT). See Port-Char-
lotte.

CHARNAC, lake in Eosskeen parish,
Ross-shire.

CHARNAN, sea-loch, with small harbour,
in South Uist, Outer Hebrides.

CHARTERHALL, seat in Fogo parish,
Berwickshire.

CHARTERS, all Southdean parish, Rox-
burghshire, the upper section of that
parish being Southdean-Proper.

CHARTERS CHESTS, oave in steep shelv-
ing rock on the Dee, in Braemar, Aber-
deenshire.

CHARTERSHALL, hamlet, with distil-
lery, 3^ miles south of Stirling.

CHATELHERAULT, ducal summer-house
in ravine of the Avon, within Hamilton
wood, near Hamilton, Lanarkshire. It was
built in 1730, has decorations in the style
of Louis Quatorze, and .shows a fantastic
fa9ade. The Duke of Hamilton bears the
French title of Duke of Chatelherault,
dating from 1548.

CHEESE BAY, natural harbour on north-
east of North Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

CHEESE WELL, spring, long held in
superstitious awe, on Minchmoor Moun-
tain, 7^ miles west-north-west of Selkirk.

CHERRYBANK, village in East Church
parish, Perth. It has a post office under
Perth, and a public school with about 135

CHERRYTREES, seat in Yetholm parish,
Roxburghshire.

CHESTERBANK, estate, with site of
ancient camp, in Ayton parish, Berwick-
shire.

CHESTERHALL, seat in Cranston parish,
Edinburghshire.

CHESTERHILL, village in Cranston
parish, Edinburghshire.

CHESTERHILL, mound, with fine well
and site of ancient edifice, at west end of
Anstruther, Fife.

CHESTERLEES, place, with remains of
ancient camp, in Dolphinton parish,
Lanarkshire.

CHESTERPARK, place, with site of

Roman camp, in Newtyle parish, Forfar-
shire.

CHESTERS, seat on the Teviot, in
Ancrum parish, Roxburghshire.

CHESTERS, place, with remains of
Roman camp, in Fogo parish, Berwick-
shire.

CHESTERS, steep conical eminence, with
ancient camp, in Manor parish, Peebles-
shire.

CHESTERS, ancient camp in Kirkurd
parish, Peeblesshire.

CHESTERS, ancient camp of 5 or 6 acres,
in Bolton parish, Haddingtonshire.

CHESTHILL, seat in Fortingal parish,
Perthshire.

CHEVIOTS, broad mountain range, about
45 miles long, on mutual border of Scotland
and England. It culminates at 2668 feet
above sea-level on Cheviot-Proper, 13 miles
south - south - east of Kelso ; it consists
chiefly of domical or sugar-loafed forms,
amassed like clustering cones ; it is mostly
green pasture grazed by the fine-woolled
sheep called from it the Cheviots ; and it
includes many scenes of the tumult and
bloodshed of the Border raids.

CHICKEN, headland in Stornoway
parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CHIRMAT, wooded hill in Borthwick
parish, Edinburghshire.

CHIRNSIDE, village and parish in east
of Merse district, Berwickshire. The
village stands about a mile east-south-east
of railway station of its own name, 4|
miles east-north-east of Dunse ; occupies
the slope of a rounded, broad-based hill,
commanding an extensive view, and de-
clining to the left side of Whitadder
river ; consists chiefly of two streets, nearly
in the lines of the letter T ; and has a
post office with all departments, designated
of Berwickshire, a banking office, 2 inns,
Established, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches, and a public school with about
116 scholars. _ Pop. 939. — The parish
measures 3^ miles by 3, and comprises 5553
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £13,222.
Pop. 1516. The surface, with exception of
Chirnside Hill, is all a rich plain. The
seats are Ninewells and Mains. There are
2 schools with accommodation for 215
scholars.

CHISHOLM, large estate in Kilmorack
parish, Inverness-shire. It exhibits much
picturesque scenery, and includes a gorge
called Chisholm's Pass, presenting some
resemblance to Killiecrankie and the
Trossachs.

CHISHOLME, seat in Roberton parish,
Roxburghshire.

CHOARIC, island-in Loch Eriboll, Suther-
land.

CHON, picturesque lake, 2 miles long,
in Aberfoyle parish, Perthshire.

CHORRH, lake in Kincardine parish,
Ross-shire.

CHRIST'S KIRK, ancient parish, now
part of Kinnethmont, Aberdeenshire.

CHRYSTON, village and quoad sacra

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parish on north border of Lanarkshire.
The village stands 1| mile north-north-
east of Garnkirk railway station, and has
an Established church and a Free church,
2 public schools with about 252 scholars,
and a recent monument to Walter Watson,
author of ' Chryston Fair' and other poems.
Pop., of the village, with Muirhead, 721 ;
of the quoad sacra parish, 3179.

CILLIECHRIST, or KILCHRIST, ancient
chapelry in Urray parish, Ross-shire. Its
cbapel was the scene, in early part of 17th
century, of a dreadful tragedy, known as
the 'Raid of Cilliechrist.' The burying-
ground of the chapelry still exists.

CIR-VOHR, mountain-ridge in centre of
northern half of Arran Island, Buteshire.
It measures about 1\ miles in length, and
has a sharp, jagged summit-line, with at
least 6 peaks upwards of 2000 feet high.

CLACHAIG, place in Dunoon parish,
Argyllshire. It has a post office under
Greenock.

CLACHAN, Dumbartonshire. See Luss
and Roseneath.

CLACHAN, hamlet in Portree parish,
Isle of Skye. It has a public school with
about 27 scholars.

CLACHAN, hamlet in Farr parish,
Sutherland. It contains the parochial
church.

CLACHAN, hamlet in Penningham par-
ish, Wigtonshire. It contains the ruined
old parochial church, with burying-
ground.

CLACHAN, hamlet near Balfron, Stir-
lingshire. It has a United Presbyterian
church.

CLACHAN, Kirkcudbrightshire. See
Dalry.

CLACHAN, lake, emitting head streams
of the river Nairn, in tast of Inverness-
shire.

CLACHAN, narrow strait between Seil
Island and Lorn mainland, Argyleshire.

CLACHAN, Stirlingshire. See Campsie.

CLACHAN, village in Lismore parish,
Argyleshire.

CLACHAN, village in Kilcalmonell par-
ish, Argyleshire. It has a post office
under Greenock, and a public school with
about 58 scholars.

CLACHANHEUGH, rocky promontory on
west side of Loch Ryan, Wigtonshire.

CLACHBEN, hill-summit, 912 feet high,
in northern part of Jura Island, Argyle-
shire.

CLACHLAND, headland on north side of
Lamlash Bay, Arran Island, Buteshire.

CLACHNABANE, mountain, 1906 feet
high, with extensive view, in Strachan
parisb, Kincardineshire.

CLACHNAHARRY, village at mouth of
Caledonian Canal, about a mile west of
Inverness. It has a post office under
Inverness, a railway station, and a public
school with about 146 scholars. Pop.
277. Adjacent rocks gave origin to its
name, signifying ' Watchman's Stone ; '
were the station of a sentinel in the old

times to announce the approach of marau-
ders ; and are crowned with a pillar com-
memorative of a battle, in 14th century,
between the Munroes and the Clan
Chattan.

CLACHOG, headland in south-west of
Arran Island, Buteshire.

CLACKMANNAN, town and parish in
Clackmannanshire. The town stands 2
miles east-by-south of Alloa ; was for ages
the seat of the chief of the Bruces ; con-
tains an ancient, thick - walled tower,
believed to have been built by King
Robert Bruce ; is nominally the capital
of Clackmannanshire, but mostly super-
seded in that character by Alloa ; includes
a spacious main street, considerably edi-
ficed with mean houses ; and has a post
office under Alloa, a railway station, a
county hall, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and a public school
with about 135 scholars. Pop. 1503. —
The parish contains also the villages of
Sauchie, Fishcross, New Sauchie, Kennet,
Westfield, and Forest Mill. Its length
is 6 miles ; its greatest breadth about 4
miles ; its area 9427 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £19,003. Pop., quoad civilia,
4518; quoad sacra, 2758. The Forth
forms the south-western boundary, and
the South Devon traverses the interior.
The land for about 1^ mile from the
Forth is rich, flat carse, and elsewhere is
partly valley, partly undulated slope, and
partly low hill. Coal and ironstone
abound and are largely worked. The
chief seats are Schaw Park, Kennet
House, Kennet Pans, Brucefield, Aber-
dona, and Kilbagie. There are 6 schools
for 811 scholars, and 1 of them and an
enlargement for 350 are new.

CLACKMANNAN POW, harbour on the
Forth, at mouth of South Devon river, \\
mile south-east of Alloa, Clackmannan-
shire.

CLACKMANNANSHIRE, county adjacent
to south-eastern parts of Perthshire. It is
bounded on the north by water-sheds of
the Ochil Hills, on the south and the
south-west by the Forth. Its length is 10
miles ; its breadth 8 miles ; its area 50
square miles. Real property in 1880-81,
£123,849. Pop., in 1871, 23,747 ; in 1881,
25,677. The surface adjacent to the Forth
is carse ; farther north is variously valley,
undulation, and low hill ; among the
Ochils is glen and brae, with fine sheep
pasturage. The only parishes are Alloa,
Clackmannan, Dollar, Tillicoultry, part of
Logie, and small part of Stirling ; the only
towns are Alloa, Clackmannan, Tilli-
coultry, and most of Dollar ; and the only
villages, with each more than 300 inhabi-
tants, are Coalsnaughton, Menstrie, Tulli-
body, Devonside, Fishcross with Sauchie,
and part of Causewayhead.

CLADACH, headland in south-west of
Islay Island, Argyleshire.

CLADICH, hamlet on east side of Loch
Awe, 10 miles north of Inverary, Argyle-

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shire. It has a post office designated of
Argyleshire, an inn, and a public school.

CLAGGAN, place, with public school, in
Morvern parish, Argyleshire.

CLAIG, ruined ancient fortalice on
Freuch Isle, in Sound of Islay, Argyle-
shire.

CLAIGEAN, bay on east side of Islay
Island, Argyleshire.

CLAIRINCH, islet near south side of
Inchcallioch, in Loch Lomond.

CLAISTRAN, seat in Orphir parish,
Orkney.

CLAMSHELL, basaltic cave, 130 feet long,
in Staffa islet, Argyleshire.

CLANYARD, bay and ruined baronial
fortalice in Kirkmaiden parish, Wigton-
shire.

CLAONAIG, rivulet in Saddell parish,
Kintyre, Argyleshire.

CLAONARY, village in Inverary parish,
Argyleshire.

CLARE, lake, 4 miles south-by-west of
Kinlochewe, Ross-shire.

CLAREBAND, village in Crossmichael
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CLARENCEFIELD, village, 2 miles east
of Ruthwell, Dumfriesshire. It has a post
office under Annan.

CLARILAW, place in Wilton parish,
Roxburghshire. It has a public school
with about 58 scholars.

CLARKSTON, suburb of Airdrie and
quoad sacra parish, Lanarkshire. The
suburb stands considerably east of Airdrie,
is conjoint with Drumgelloch, and has a
post office under Airdrie, a railway station,
a church originally built as a chapel-of-
ease, and a public school with about 285
scholars. The quoad sacra parish contains
also a chapel - of - ease at Meadowfield.
Pop. 7073.

CLARKSTON, railway station, 4 miles
north of Eaglesham, Renfrewshire.

CLARKSTONE, seat in Polmont parish,
Stirlingshire.

CLARKSTON-TOLL, village near Clark-
ston railway station, Renfrewshire. Pop.
with Sheddens, 727.

CLARY, estate, with remains of man-
sion, in Penningham parish, Wigton-
shire.

GLASHBENNIE, large ancient standing-
stone and sandstone quarry, in Errol
parish, Perthshire.

CLASHCARNACH, small harbour, 3 miles
east of Cape Wrath, Sutherland.

CLASHMACH, hiU in Huntly parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CLASHMORE, hamlet in Dornoch par-
ish, Sutherland. It has a post office under
Dornoch, and an inn.

CLASHNESSIE, bay and village in Assynt
parish, Sutherland.

CLASKEN, lake between Glassary and
Loch Fyne, Argyleshire.

CLATCHARD, precipitous basaltic crag
a little south-east of Newburgh, Fife.

CLATHEY, village in Gask parish, Perth-
shire.

CLATHICK, seat in Monivaird parish,
Perthshire.

CLATT, village and parish in Garioch
district, Aberdeenshire. The village stands
10 miles south of Huntly, and has a post
office under Kinnethmont. The parish mea-
sures about 4 miles by 3, and comprises
5711 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£4101. Pop. 452. Some rising grounds
are in the north-west, high hills are in the
south, and a plain, with elevation of about
600 feet above sea-level, forms all the rest
of the surface. The church contains 290
sittings, and the public school has about
70 scholars.

CLATTERING BRIGGS, hamlet in For-
doun parish, Kincardineshire.

CLATTO, seat and hill in St. Andrews
parish, Fife.

CLAVA, place, with public school and
assemblage of ancient Caledonian stone
circles, in Croy parish, Inverness-shire.

CLAVEN, low hill-range in Dundonald
parish, Ayrshire.

CLAVERHOUSE, village and estate in
Mains parish, Forfarshire. The village
has a post office under Dundee. Pop. 120.
The estate belonged to Viscount Dundee,
the persecutor of the Covenanters ; and it
now has, on the site of his extinct man-
sion, a monumental structure in form of
a ruin.

CLAY, sea-loch in south of Lochs parish,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CLAYBARNS, village in Newton parish,
Edinburghshire.

CLAYHOLE, suburb of Stranraer, Wig-
tonshire.

CLAYHOUSE, village in Borthwick par-
ish, Edinburghshire.

CLAYPOTS, castellated structure of 16th
century, about a mile north - west of
Broughty-Ferry, Forfarshire.

CLAYQUHAT, district of Blairgowrie
parish, Perthshire.

CLAYSHANK, old parish, now part of
Stonykirk, Wigtonshire.

CLEARBURN, quondam village in Dud-
dingstone parish, Edinburghshire.

CLEARBURN, small lake in Yarrow par-
ish, Selkirkshire.

CLEAT, seat adjacent to Pierowall
village, in Westray Island, Orkney.

CLEEKHIMIN, suburb of Carfin, Lanark-
shire.

CLEGHORN, railway station and seat 2|
miles west of Carstairs Junction, Lanark-
shire. The station is on the Caledonian
Railway, adjacent to deflection of the line
to Lanark and Douglas. The seat has a
picturesque, well- wooded park, containing
vestiges of a very large Roman camp.

CLEISH, village and parish in Kinross-
shire. The village stands about 3 miles
south-south-west of Kinross, and has a
post office under Kinross. The parish
measures 6£ miles in length, and 2\ miles
in greatest breadth, and comprises 6201
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £7028.
Pop. 498. The arable land lies from

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380 to 500 feet above sea-level ; and the
Cleish Hills, on the boundary with Fife,
rise to altitudes of from 1030 to 1215 feet.
The chief seat is Blair- Adam, and the chief
antiquity is traces of an ancient fort or
camp on highest of the Cleish Hills. The
church contains upwards of 400 sittings,
and the public school has about 37
scholars.

CLELAND, town on the South Calder, 3f
miles south-east of Holytown, Lanark-
shire. It has a post office under Mother-
well, a railway station, extensive iron-
works, a Free church, a Koman Catholic
church of 1877, and a public school with
about 195 scholars, and is near an Estab-
lished church projected in 1877. Pop., with
Omoa, 1503. Cleland House, in its vicinity,
crowns a cliff on the South Calder's right
bank ; and a large cave, said to have been
a hiding-place in the times of Robert
Bruce and of the Covenanters, is in the
cliff.

CLEMENT (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Aberdeen. Pop. 7528.

CLEMENT (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Dundee. Pop. 5682.

CLERKINGTON, seat on the Tyne, 1£
mile south-south-west of Haddington.

CLERKSTON. See Clakkston.

CLERMISTON, seat near Corstorphine,
Edinburghshire.

CLESHAM, mountain, 2662 feet high, in
north of Harris, Outer Hebrides.

CLETT, insulated rock, about 400 feet
high, adjacent to Holborn Head, Caithness.

CLEUGH, burn, traversing romantic
glen, and making fine cascades, in Sorn
parish, Ayrshire.

CLEUGHBRAE, hamlet in Mouswald
parish, Dumfriesshire.

CLEUGHEARN, a seat of the Earl of
Eglinton, on Calder river, in East Kilbride
parish, Lanarkshire.

CLEUGHHEADS, hill, with vestiges of
two Koman camps, in Applegarth parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CLEUGHHOUSE, burn in Keir parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CLIGKAMIER, lake, with island crowned
by Scandinavian tower, near Lerwick,
Shetland.

CLIFF, hill in Quarff parish, Shetland.
CLIFF, loch, 3 miles long, in Unst Island,
Shetland.

CLIFF, sound, 8| miles long, between
Burra Islands and Mainland, Shetland.

CLIFFDALE, seat in Shapinshay Island,
Orkney.

CLIFTON, mining village near Tyndrum,
Perthshire.

CLIFTON, hamlet in Kirkliston parish,
Linlithgowshire.

CLIFTON, hill, quondam village, and
ancient chapelry, in Morebattle parish,
Roxburghshire.

CLIFTON-HALL, estate in Kirkliston
parish, Linlithgowshire.

CLIFTON-PARK, seat in Linton parish,
Roxburghshire.

CLIMPY, coal-field in Carnwath parish,
Lanarkshire.

CLINTMAINS, hamlet in Merton parish,
Berwickshire. It has a post office under
Newton St. Boswells.

CLINTS, hill in Channelkirk parish,
Berwickshire.

CLINTS, lofty hill in Kirkmabreck par-
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CLINTWOOD, quondam strong castle, on
Flight farm, in Castleton parish, Roxburgh-
shire.

CLIPPENS, seat in Kilbarchan parish,
Renfrewshire.

CLIPPENS-SQUARE, village in Kilbar-
chan parish, Renfrewshire. Pop. 674.

CLISHEIM. See Clesham.

CLOAK, quondam castle in Lochwinnoch
parish, Renfrewshire.

CLOBER, seat in New Kilpatrick parish,
Dumbartonshire.

CLOCH, small headland, with fine view,
at sudden bend of Firth of Clyde, 2f miles
west-south-west of Kempock Point, at
Gourock, Renfrewshire. A circular light-
house, 76 feet high, is on it, and shows a
fixed white light.

CLOCHAN, place near Fochabers railway
station, Elginshire. It has a post office
under Fochabers.

CLOCHCAN, hamlet in Old Deer parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a public school
with about 135 scholars.

CLOCHFOLDICH, seat on the Tay, be-
tween Logierait and Weem, Perthshire.

CLOCHODERICK, farm, with ancient
stone 22 feet long, 17 feet broad, and 12
feet high, in Kilbarchan parish, Renfrew-
shire.

CLOCKSBRIGGS, railway station, 2£
miles north-east of Forfar.

CLOGHILL, seat in Newhills parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CLOLA, hamlet in Old Deer parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Aberdeen, and a Free church.

CLONAIG, hamlet in Saddell parish,
Kintyre, Argyleshire. It has an Estab-
lished, church and a public school.

CLONCAIRD, old seat, with modern
front, in Kirkmichael parish, Ayrshire.

CLOON, hill, 5J miles west-by-north of
Kinross.

CLOSEBURN, village and parish in
Nithsdale, Dumfriesshire. The village
stands 2^ miles south- south-east of Thorn-
hill, and has a post office under Thornhill,
a railway station, an inn, a mineral spring,
an Established church, a Free church, and
a public school with about 65 scholars.
— The parish measures 10 miles in length,
and nearly 1\ in greatest breadth, and
comprises 29,102 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £18,334. Pop. 1505. The Nith
traces most of the south-western boundary ;
the Cample most of the western ; and the
Ae most of the eastern. The surface near
the Nith is rich, low valley ; farther up is
slightly diversified arable plain ; in the
centre is an expanse of moor, partly

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91

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reclaimed ; in the north is part of the
Southern Highlands, culminating on
Queensberry. A striking natural feature
is Crichup linn. Limestone abounds, and
is largely worked. Closeburn Hall is a
fine Grecian mansion, and Closeburn
Castle is a well-preserved ancient baronial
tower. Wallace Hall is a large notable
endowed school.

CLOSTERS, burn, passing site of quondam
ancient nunnery, in Olrig parish, Caith-
ness.

CLOUSTA, voe or bay in Sandsting par-
ish, Shetland.

CLOVA, quoad sacra parish on north-
west border of Forfarshire. It is united
politically to Cortachy ; it consists chiefly
of lofty portions of the Benchinnan Moun-
tains ; it includes an inhabited portion
about 4 miles long, and little more than a
mile broad ; it communicates by post with
Kirriemuir, 14 miles south-by-east of its
church ; and it has a small public school.
Pop. 105.

CLOVA, seat in Auchindoir parish, Aber-
deenshire.

CLOVEN, cluster of abrupt wooded emin-
ences adjacent to Forres, Elginshire. The
loftiest one is surmounted by a three-
storey octagonal tower to the memory of
Lord Nelson.

CLOVENFORD, village on Caddon rivulet,
3^ miles west of Galashiels, Selkirkshire.
It has a post office under Galashiels, a
railway station, and an inn.

CLUANY, lake about 6 miles long, and
an inn, about 25 miles south-west of Inver-
morriston, Inverness-shire.

CLUDEN, small river, formed by con-
fluence of the Cairn and the Glenisland,
and running about 7 miles east-south-east-
ward to the Nith at Lincluden, 1J mile
north of Dumfries.

CLUDEN, small village in Holywood
parish, Dumfriesshire.

CLUGGY, remnant of strong ancient
castle in Monivaird parish, Perthshire.

CLUMLY, lake in Sandwick parish,
Orkney.

CLUN, birth-place of Sir James Mack-
intosh, in Dores parish, Inverness-shire.

CLUNAS, place about 9 miles from Nairn.
It has a post office under Nairn.

CLUNE, eminences, with charming views,
in Carnock parish, Fife.

CLUNES, railway station, 1\ miles west
of Inverness.

CLUNIE, parish in Stormont district,
Perthshire ; averagely about 4^ miles west-
by-south of Blairgowrie. It contains
Forneth post office under Blairgowrie. Its
length is 8^- miles ; its greatest breadth 4
miles ; its area 11,384 acres. Keal property
in 1880-81, £8018. Pop. 582. The surface
comprises small part of Strathmore, and
part of the Lower Grampians ; ranges from
about 150 to about 1800 feet of altitude above
sea-level ; and includes about 2500 acres of
arable land. Loch Clunie, a little south-east
of its centre, measures about 2£ miles in cir-

cuit, and contains a beautiful islet with an
old castle belonging to the Earl of Airlie.
Clunie Craig is a mass of trap rock, about
600 feet high. The chief seats are Forneth
and Goudie ; and the antiquities are
cairns, tumuli, and vestiges of several for-
tifications and of 5 religious houses. The
churches are Established and Free ; and
the public school has about 142 scholars.

CLUNIE, rivulet, running about 10 miles
northward to the Dee, near Castleton-
Braemar, Aberdeenshire.

CLUNY, parish, averagely 14 miles west-
north-west of Aberdeen. It has a post office
of its own name under Aberdeen. Its
length is about 10 miles ; its breadth about
2 miles ; its area 9741 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £7527. Pop. 1298. The surface
is intersected by Torr bui'n, running north-
ward to the Don ; has mostly a warm dry
soil ; and to about four-fifths of its extent
is under cultivation. The seats are Cluny
Castle and Castle -Fraser. The churches
are Established and Free ; and the public
school has about 100 scholars.

CLUNY, seat in Marnoch parish, Banff-
shire.

CLUNY, estate in Rafford parish, Elgin-
shire.

CLUNY, place in Kinglassie parish, Fife.
It has a public school with about 143
scholars.

CLUNY CASTLE, seat of the representa-
tive of the chiefs of the clan Macpherson,
9J miles west-south-west of Kingussie,
Inverness-shire.

CLYDE, river and firth in south-west
of Scotland. The river rises on southern
verge of Lanarkshire, runs northward to
east base of Tinto, curves round north
base of that mountain, and goes thence
north-westward, past Lanark, Hamilton,
and Glasgow, to commencement of the firth
near Dumbarton Castle. The distance
from its remotest source to head of the
firth, measured in straight line, is 62 miles,
and measured along its channel must be
considerably more than 100 miles. Its
sources lie in central part of Southern
Highlands, at least 1400 feet above sea-
level ; its head-streams are numerous,
rapid, and well stocked with fish ; and its
course, down to Tinto, is mostly flanked
and overhung by bleak tame uplands, con-
sisting principally of silurian rocks. Its
run past Tinto describes a curve of about 20
miles between points only 1\ miles asunder,
and is slow and calm, on an average
elevation of about 572 feet above sea-
level. It then enters a region of sand-
stones and shales, becomes about doubled
in volume by influx of Douglas river,
changes suddenly into tumultuous
torrent, performs within 4 miles its
series of famous falls, makes there an
aggregate descent of about 300 feet, and
traverses there a succession of gorges and
defiles intensely interesting, alike to
students of geology and to admirers of the
picturesque. Its flanks, for about 12

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miles onward from vicinity of Lanark,
with average breadth of nearly 6 miles,
form a continuous graduated hollow, aptly
termed the Trough of Clyde ; have, on
both sides, successively haugh, rising
ground, and elevated plateau ; and are
so richly embellished with gardens, woods,
and parks as to be well designated the
Orchard of Scotland. The valley thence,
to a line about 7 miles below Glasgow, is
all a very slightly diversified plain on rich
\mderlying coal-field, relieved only by
2 hill-ridges in the near distance, and
various heights in the far horizon. But
the channel presents a marvellous change ;
assumes at Glasgow, for about 2 miles, the
appearance of a broad continuous dock,
crowded with shipping ; and has been so
deepened, widened, straightened, and
stone-embanked, all the way thence to
the firth, as to be practically a deep, long,
open bay, navigated by sea-borne vessels,
and as uniform as a canal. The banks, at
from 7 to 11 miles below Glasgow, are
closely overhung on the right by the
picturesque range of the Kilpatrick Hills,
and overlooked on the left by the ornate
reach of the Bishopton Hills, which ter-
minate the Clydesdale coal-field ; and then
they suddenly open on the right, around
Dumbarton Castle, into the long exquisite
vista of the vale of Leven.

The firth, in its first section, extends
about 8 miles in almost direct line with the
river's prevalent course from Lanark ; ex-
pands there gradually from a width of
about 5 furlongs to a width of about
3^- miles ; is flanked on both sides at
near distance by hill-ranges, with cul-
minating height of nearly 1000 feet ; and
splits at the lower end into the main
channel, striking to the west, and Gareloch
extending to the north-west. The main
channel, in the first instance, goes only
about 3 miles to the west ; sends off Loch
Long to the north, and Holy Loch to the
west-north-west ; has a mean breadth of
about 2 miles ; and at a line from Cloch
Point to Dunoon turns suddenly to the
south. ' The firth thence, for about 20
miles, expands to a width of about 5 miles,
sends off the Kyles round the northern
part of Bute Island ; contains on its east
side the islands of Big and Little Cum-
bray; and flings, from its west side, the
Sound of Bute, with continuation of the
long, diversified Loch Fyne. It then
becomes a gulf, averagely about 32 miles
wide, and from 45 to 48 miles long ; con-
tains, on its west side, the large island of
Arran ; curves on its east side, opposite
Arran, into the large semi- circular bay of
Ayr ; has in its middle the insulated lofty
cone of Ailsa Craig ; and merges at its
south end into the northward wing of the
Irish Sea. The several lochs, bays, and
shores of the firth are noticed in separate
articles.

CLYDEBANK, town on right side of the
Clyde, near Dalmuir railway station, Dum-

bartonshire. It is of quite recent origin,
was formed in connection with shipbuilding
works, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Glasgow, a quoad sacra parochial church
of 1875-76, a United Presbyterian church
of later date, and a public school with about
175 scholars. Pop. of the town, 1632 ; of
the quoad sacra parish, 2892.

CLYDE IRONWORKS, village near the
Clyde, in Old Monkland parish, Lanark-
shire. Pop. 670.

CLYDESDALE, popularly the part of the
valley of the Clyde within Lanarkshire, but
anciently either all that valley or the
entire basin of the Clyde.

CLYDESDALE-ROWS, village in Cam-
busnethan parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 785.

CLYNDER, hamlet on Gareloch, Dum-
bartonshire. It has a post office under
Helensburgh, and an iron United Pres-
byterian church of 1881.

CLYNE, parish, containing Brora post
town and railway station, on east side of
Sutherland. Its length is 19 miles ; its
greatest breadth 7 miles. Beal property
in 1880-81, £5976. Pop. 1812. / The
coast is low and sandy ; the tract inward
thence is diversified and arable ; the central
parts are a picturesque assemblage of glen
and upland ; and the most inland section
is a mass of bleak lofty mountain. Much
of the surface is richly beautified by
Strathbeg and Brora rivulets, and by Loch
Brora. Chief objects are Castle Cole and
Craigbar. The churches are Established
and Free ; and there are 2 schools with
accommodation for 290 scholars.

CLYTH, harbour, headland, and ruined
ancient strong castle, 10^ miles south-west
of Wick, Caithness.

CNOC. See Knock.

COAL BURN, streamlet, running to the
South Calder, in Cambusnethan parish,

COALCRAIGIE, one of the Ochil Hills on
mutual border of Perthshire and Kinross-
shire.

COALSNAUGHTON, village, inhabited
chiefly by colliers, in Tillicoultry parish,
Clackmannanshire. Pop. 899.

COALSTON, seat on the Tyne, 2 miles
south of Haddington.

COALTON, village in Markinch parish,
Fife. Pop. 419.

COALTON, village in Kettle parish,
Fife.

COALTON, decayed village in Ceres
parish, Fife.

COALTOWN, village in Wemyss parish,
Fife. It has a post office under Dysart.
Pop. 422.

COALYBURN, side station on Dolphinton
railway, and colliery, in Linton parish,
Peeblesshire.

COALYLAND, collier village and coal-
field, in Alloa parish, Clackmannan-
shire.

COAT, ruined old castle on the Avon, in
Stonehouse parish, Lanarkshire.

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COATBRIDGE, town at convergence of
railways, and on Monkland Canal, 10 miles
east-by-south of Glasgow. It is entirely
modern ; it stands in the centre of many
ironworks, many collieries, and many
establishments connected with mineral
traffic ; it originated, and is maintained,
by the working of these ; it lies under such
clouds of smoke, and such glare of numer-
ous smelting furnaces, as give it, especi-
ally at night, a startlingly grim appearance;
it forms, not a compact town, but a nucleus
of good streets surrounded by straggling
diverse suburbs ; it comprises, within the
census limits, Coatbridge-Proper, Lang-
loan, Gartsherrie, and High Sunnyside,
but might be regarded as including also
some other edificed outskirts ; and it has
a head post office with all departments,
4 banking offices, 2 hotels, a conspicuous
Established church, 2 Free churches,
United Presbyterian, Congregational,
Evangelical Union, Baptist, Methodist,
Episcopalian, and Eoman Catholic
churches, and 2 public schools with about
666 scholars. Pop. 17,500.

COATDYKE, town on mutual border of
Old Monkland and New Monkland par-
ishes, between Coatbridge and Airdrie,
Lanarkshire. It has a post office, with
money order department, under Coat-
bridge. Pop. 1701.

COATES, lands, now partly occupied by
St. Mary's Cathedral, Melville Street, and
neighbouring places at west end of New
Town of Edinburgh.

COATES (WEST), quoad sacra parish in
west of Coates lands, Edinburgh. The
church was built in 1869, and cost £7500.
Pop. 5848.

COATS, one of the villages or sections of
Cambuslang town, Lanarkshire.

COATS, quoad sacra parish adjacent to
Coatbridge, Lanarkshire. Its church was
erected in 1875, and is large and hand-
some. Pop. 4150.

COATSHILL, eminence, with moat, in
Moffat parish, Dumfriesshire.

COATSHILL, seat near Blantyre Works,
Lanarkshire.

COATT, farm, with ancient Caledonian
stone circle, in Eskdalemuir parish, Dum-
friesshire.

COBAIRDY, seat in Forgue parish, Aber-
deenshire.

COBBLER. See Benarthur.

COBINSHAW, railway station, lake, and
village, near watershed between the Lo-
thians and Clydesdale, 18^ miles south-
west of Edinburgh. The lake was formed
as reservoir for feeding the Union Canal,
covers more than 500 acres, and has been
stocked with trout and salmon ova. The
village has a public school with about 70
scholars.

COCKAIRNEY, seat in Dalgetty parish,
Fife.

COCK-BRIDGE, place on the river Don,
in Strathdon parish, Aberdeenshire.

COCKBURNLAW, broad - based, lofty,

conical hill, three-fourths engirt by Whit-
adder water, in Dunse parish, Berwickshire.

COCKBURNSPATH, village and parish
in north-east corner of Berwickshire. The
village stands near the coast, 1\ miles south-
east of Dunbar, and has a head post office
with all departments, a railway station,
a good inn, an ancient cross, a parochial
church with 400 sittings, and a public
school with about 130 scholars. Pop. 233. —
The parish measures 1\ by 4f miles, and
comprises 12,652 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £12,051. Pop. 1130. The coast
begins at Dunglass Dean, on boundary
with Haddingtonshire ; extends 4| miles
east-south-eastward to within 2 miles of
Fast Castle ; includes the remarkable
features of Cove Harbour, Redheugh,
Siccar Point, and mouth of Pease Dean ;
and is all rocky, steep, and bold. The
interior includes part of the eastern or
lower Lammermoors ; is diversified by hill
and dale, and partly intersected by deep
ravines ; and consists mainly of arable
lands near the sea, and pastoral heights in
the centre and the west. Cockburnspath
Castle, about a mile south-east of the
village, belonged to the Earls of Dunbar,
passed to the Earls of Home, answers
somewhat to the ' Ravens wood Castle ' of
Sir Walter Scott's Bride of Lammermoor,
and is now a comparatively small ruin.
A Free church, designated of Cockburns-
path, is at Oldhamstocks village, in Had-
dingtonshire ; and a United Presbyterian
church stands at Stockbridge, about a mile
south-west of Cockburnspath village.

COCKENZIE, seaport town on the Forth,
about a mile north-east of Prestonpans,
Haddingtonshire. It includes the suburb
of Port-Seaton, exports large quantities of
coal, and has a good harbour, a post office
under Prestonpans, an Established church,
a Free church, and a public school with
about 170 scholars. Its hai'bour was a
private one, constructed in 1834 at a cost
of about £6000, and was about to be
improved and to acquire a breakwater in
1880 at a cost of about £11,000. Pop. 1612.

COCKLAW, burn in Walston parish,
Lanarkshire.

COCKLAW, farm, with site of ancient
round tower, supposed to have been con-
nected with a Roman station, in Currie
parish, Edinburghshire.

COCKLAW, hill in Mordington parish,
^Berwickshire

COCKLAW," one of the Cheviots, 1716
feet high, on the border of Scotland, 8
miles south-south-east of Yetholm, Rox-
burghshire.

COCKLE, long sandy ridge in Renfrew-
parish, Renfrewshire.

COCKLE, rivulet, running to the Forth,
at east boundary of Dalmeny parish, Lin-
lithgowshire.

COCKLEROI, hill, with extensive view,
If mile south-south-west of Linlithgow.

COCKPEN, parish, containing Bonny-
rigg town, part of Lasswade town, and all

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Hunterfield, Dalhousie, Poltonhall, Hill-
head, Prestonholm, Skiltiemuir, Gowks-
hill, Westmill, and Stobhill - Engine
villages, in Edinburghshire. Its length is
3| miles ; its greatest breadth 2% miles ;
its area 2950 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £21,071. Pop., quoad civilia,
4544 ; quoad sacra, 3431. The surface
is undulated, but looks to be flat, and
consists wholly of fertile land. Coal and
good sandstone abound. Dalhousie Castle,
a seat of the Earl of Dalhousie, is a chief
feature. Cockpen House, the residence of
the 'Laird of Cockpen' of Scottish song,
stood on a romantic spot near the castle.
The parochial church is a handsome
edifice of 1820, and contains 625 sittings.
Free churches are in Bonnyrigg and Stob-
hill. There are 4 schools with accom-
modation for 575 scholars.

COCKPOOL, remnant of old baronial
castle, in Buthwell parish, Dumfriesshire.

COCKS, burn, running eastward to the
Calder, in Lanarkshire.

COCKUM, rivulet, running southward to
the Gala, near Stow village, Edinburgh-
shire.

COE, rivulet, traversing Glencoe, and
entering Loch Leven, in Argyleshire.

COGRIEBURN, place in Johnstone parish,
Dumfriesshire.

COICH, or QUOICH, affluent of the Dee,
in Crathie parish, Aberdeenshire.

COIGACH, district of Cromartyshire,
bounded by the Minch, Loch Broom, Boss-
shire, and Sutherland. It is included in
Lochbroom parish, contains Ullapool vil-
lage, has a post office of its own name
under that village, measures 22 miles by
8, is mostly mountainous, and contains the
fine vales of Strathceannard and Bhidorch.

COIGNAFEARN, mountain near source
of Findhorn river, Inverness-shire.

COILA. See Coyl.

COILANTOGLE, ford on Vennachoir
rivulet, at effluence from Loch Venna-
choir, 2| miles south-west of Callander,
Perthshire. It was ' Clan Alpine's out-
most guard,' the place to which Boderick
Dhu led Fitz- James ; ■ but, for its use as
a ford, it has been superseded by a bridge.

COILSFIELD, seat, f mile south-east
of Tarbolton, Ayrshire. It was Burns'
' Castle o' Montgomery,' where his ' High-
land Mary ' served as dairymaid ; it be-
longed, in his time, to Colonel Hugh
Montgomery, who became Earl of Eglinton ;
and it is now called Montgomery.

COILTIE, rivulet, rising on lofty shoulder
of Mealfourvounie Mountain, and running
impetuously about 7 miles to Loch Ness, in
Inverness-shire.

COINICH, seat and streamlet in Kingair-
loch, Argyleshire.

COINNEAG, lake in Bosskeen parish,
Boss -shire.

COIRE, lake in Daviot parish, Inverness-
shire.

COIR-NA-FEARN, lake in Farr parish,
Sutherland.

COIR-NAN-URISKIN, large, deep, cir-
cular hollow, engirt by acclivitous lofty
rocks, on face of Benvenue, overlooking
Loch Katrine, in Perthshire.

COIRUISK. See Cokkiskin.

COLDBACKY, terminal part of mountain-
range, in Tongue parish, Sutherland.

COLDINGHAM, village and parish on
coast of Berwickshire. The village stands
3 miles north-north- east of Boston Junc-
tion, and has a post office under Ayton,
an inn, a Volunteer hall of 1872, interest-
ing remains of an ancient priory, a parochial
church, a United Presbyterian church, and
a public school with about 121 scholars.
Pop. 572. — The parish contains also
Beston, Auchincraw, and Coldingham-
Shore villages, and Houndwood and
Grants House hamlets. Its length is 8J
miles ; its greatest breadth 1\ miles ; its
area 24,021 acres. Beal property in 1880-
81, £32,579. Pop., quoad civilia, 3173 ;
quoad sacra, 1644. The coast measures
6| miles in direct line, but fully 9 miles in
line of sinuosities ; is all bold and rocky,
has numerous caves and fissures, and in-
cludes St. Abb's Head and Fast Castle.
The interior is mostly uneven, contains
lower terminal ranges of the Lammermoors,
and consists partly of fertile vales and
hollows, but largely of pastoral or barren
moorland. Coldingham Loch, with an
area of about 30 acres, lies about 300 yards
from the sea, and has an elevation of about
300 feet above sea-level. The seats are
Coldingham Law, Homefield, Templehall,
Press, Highlaws, Houndwood, Fairlaw,
Coveyheugh, Newmains, Berrybank,
Stoneshiel, Sunnyside, and. Benton ; and
the chief antiquities are vestiges of 2
ancient Caledonian camps, vestiges of 2
Boman camps, ruins of Fast Castle, and
traces or sites of numerous Border peels.
Established and Free churches are at
Houndwood ; and there are within the
parish 6 schools with accommodation for
scliol&rs

COLDINGHAMSHIRE, ancient district,
comprehending Coldingham, Eyemouth,
Ayton, and Aldcambus parishes, and
parts of Mordington, Foulden, Chirnside,
Bunkle, and Cockburnspath, in Berwick-
shire.

COLDINGHAM-SHORE, fishing village
in Coldingham parish, Berwickshire. It
has a public school with about 54 scholars.
Pop. 298.

COLDROCHIE, streamlet on boundary
between Bedgorton and Monedie parishes,
Perthshire.

COLDSTONE. See Logie-Coldstone.

COLDSTREAM, town and parish on
southern border of Berwickshire. The
town stands on high bank overlooking the
Tweed, 9J- miles north-east-by-east of
Kelso ; was the place of an international
truce in 1491 ; gave origin to the regiment
called the Coldsti-eam Guards, raised by
General Monk ; is near a ford of the
Tweed, crossed by many armies, both

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Scotch and English, in the international
wars ; gave interment, in the cemetery of
an ancient wealthy nunnery, to most of
the distinguished Scottish officers who fell
at the battle of Flodden ; presents a well-
built but irregularly-aligned appearance ;
and has a head post office with most de-
partments, a railway station If mile
distant, 2 banking offices, 3 hotels, an
elegant five-arched bridge on the Tweed,
a recent lofty monument to Mr. Charles
Marjoribanks, a Volunteer hall of 1872, an
Established church, a Free church, 2
United Presbyterian churches, and 2
public schools with about 279 scholars.
Pop. 1616. — The parish contains also the
village of Lennel, and measures about 4f
miles by 3^. Acres, 8320. Keal property
in 1880-81, £20,499. Pop. 2561. The
surface is flat and well cultivated. The
seats are the Hirsel, the Lees, Lennel
House, Milne-Graden, Hope Park, and
Castle-Law. There are 4 schools for 550
scholars, and 2 of them for 250 are new.

COLE CASTLE. See Castle-Cole.

COLFIN, railway station and glen, 3
miles north-east of Portpatrick, Wigton-
shire.

COLGRAVE, sound, 3 miles broad,
between Yell and Fetlar, in Shetland.

COLIGARTH, section of Lady parish,
Sanday Island, Orkney.

COLIN. See Collin.

COLINESS, headland, projecting into
Otterswick Bay, in Sanday Island, Orkney.
A very large ancient artificial mound is
on it.

COLINSBURGH, village, 4 miles east of
Largo, Fife. It has a post office with money
order and telegraph departments,designated
of Fife, a banking office, a good inn, a
United Presbyterian church, and a public
school with about 100 scholars. Pop. 366.

COLIN'S ISLE, islet in mouth of river
Cart, Eenfrewshire.

COLINTON, village and parish in Edin-
burghshire. The village stands on "Water
of Leith, 4 miles south-west of Edinburgh,
is small but charming, was the head-
quarters of the Covenanters' army on the
eve of the battle of Rullion Green, and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Midlothian, a
railway station, a parochial church, and 2
public schools, male and female, with
about 130 scholars. The parish contains
also the village of Juniper Green, the
hamlets of Hailes Quarry, Swanston, and
Longstone, and most of the village of
Slateford. Its length is about 4 miles ;
its greatest breadth about 3f miles ; its
area 5640 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£33,595. Pop. 4347. The surface includes
Craiglockhart Hill, part of the Pentlands,
a winding reach of the ravine of Water
of Leith, arable lands at from 250 to 600
feet above sea-level, and a profusion of
groves and hedge-rows, and exhibits in the
aggregate a richly diversified appearance.
Chief seats are Colinton House, Bonally

Castle, Craiglockhart House, Comiston
j House, and Dreghorn Castle ; an in-
teresting new feature is Craiglockhart
hydropathic establishment ; and chief
things of antiquarian interest are the site
of Redhall Castle, and a road very nearly
on the line of part of the Roman road
from York to Carriden. A Free church
and 2 public schools are at Juniper Green ;
and a United Presbyterian church and a
public school are at Slateford.

COLLNTRAIVE, place on north side of
Kyles of Bute, south verge of Cowal,
Argyleshire. It has a post office under
Greenock, and is a place of call by
steamers.

COLIPOLE, village on Luing Island,
Argyleshire.

COLL, village in Stornoway parish,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 491.

COLL, island, 2 miles north-east of
Tyree, and 7 north - west of Mull,
Argyleshire Hebrides. It lies parallel to
Mull, and measures 13 miles in length,
and 3£ in extreme breadth. It was
formerly in the parish of Tyree, but was
constituted a separate parish in 1866.
Real property in 1880-81, £4181. Pop.
643. It contains the village of Arinan-
gour, and has a post office of its own name
under Oban. Its coast is mostly bold and
rocky ; its interior rises nowhere higher
than about 300 feet ; and its surface, to
the extent of about two-thirds, is barren.
Its chief residence is the seat of its prin-
cipal landowner ; and its antiquities are
a castle, probably built by one of the
Lords of the Isles, vestiges of 8 Scandina-
vian forts, and remains of 3 ancient
religious houses. The churches are Es-
tablished and Free ; and there are 3 public
schools with accommodation for 134
scholars.

COLLABOL, place, with post office under
Lairg, Sutherlandshire.

COLLAGE, village and parish in Gowrie
district, Perthshire. The village stands 8
miles north-east of Perth, and is near
Woodside railway station and Balbeggie
village, with post office under Perth. The
parish contains KinrOssie and Saugher
hamlets, and comprises 2927 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £3740. Pop. 409.
The southern section is flat, and the
northern one includes part of the Sidlaw
Hills. The chief seat and antiquities are
on Dunsinnan estate. The churches are
Established and Free. The public school
has accommodation for 103 scholars.

COLLAFIRTH, voe or bay in North-
maven parish, Shetland.

COLLAIRNEY, ruined ancient strong
fortalice in Dunbog parish, Fife.

COLLEGE, parish in north-east of Glas-
gow. Pop. , quoad sacra, 2409.

COLLEGE, hamlet in Duffus parish,
Elginshire.

COLLEGE, rising ground, crowned with
Roslin chapel, near Roslin village, Edin-
burghshire.

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COLLESSIE, village and parish in north-
west of Fife. The village stands 4J miles
south-east-hy-south of Newburgh, and has
a post office under Ladybank, a railway
station, an old Established church, a Free
church of 1876, and a public school with
about 146 scholars. The parish contains
also the villages of Ladybank, Monkston,
Edenton, Giffordton, and Kinloch. Its
length is 6 miles ; its greatest breadth
miles ; its area 8699 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £13,182. Pop. 1989.
The river Eden traces the southern bound-
ary. The land thence, and through the
centre, is flat, but in the north and north-
west slopes upward to a bordering range of
heights. The chief seats are Rankeilor,
Pitlair, Kinloch, Lochiehead, and Rossie ;
and the chief antiquities are remains of 2
castles, thought to have been erected for
defending the pass from Perth to Central
Fife. There are 3 schools with accommo-
dation for 516 scholars, and a class-room in
1 of them with accommodation for 100 is
new.

COLLIEMORE, lofty hill on boundary of
Blairgowrie parish, Perthshire.

COLLIESTON, estate in Dunscore parish,
Dumfriesshire.

COLLIN, field of battle between the
Scotch and the Danes, near Scone, Perth-
shire.

COLLIN, seat in Rerrick parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

COLLIN, village, 3^ miles east of Dum-
fries. It has a post office under Dumfries,
and a public school with about 123 scholars.
Pop. 309.

COLLISTON, village, on romantic bay,
in Slains parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a
post office under Ellon, and is chiefly a
fishing place, but also a resort of summer
visitors. Pop. 421.

COLLISTON, village and quoad sacra
parish, 3^ miles north-west of Arbroath,
Forfarshire. The village has a railway
station, an Established church, a Free
church, and a public school with about 72
scholars. Colliston House, near the village,
is said to have been built by Cardinal
Beaton. The quoad sacra parish was con-
stituted in 1876. Pop. 659.

COLLOCKBURN, one of the villages or
sections of Cambuslang town, Lanark-
shire.

COLLUTHIE, old seat in Moonzie parish,
Fife.

COLMELLIE, place, with 2 ancient
Caledonian stone circles, on skirt of Mount
Battock, in Edzell parish, Forfarshire.

COLMONELL, village and parish in
Carrick district, Ayrshire. The village
stands on Stinchar river, 1\ miles south of
Girvan, and has a post office under Girvan,
an Established church, a Free church, a
United Original Secession church, and a
public school with about 132 scholars.
— The parish contains also the village
of Barrhill, and the hamlets of Pinwherry
and Lendalfoot. Its length is about 19

miles; its greatest breadth about 7 miles; its
area 47,490 acres. Real property in 1880-
81, £25,502. Pop., quoad civilia, 2191 ;
quoad sacra, 1132. The surface is an
assemblage of vales and hills, and rises no-
where higher than about 700 feet above sea-
level. The chief seats are Knockdolian,
Dalgerrock, Ballochmorie, Drumlamford,
and Penmore ; and the chief antiquities are
cairns, forts, and ruined Craigneil Castle.
An Established church is at Arnsheen, and
a Free church is at Barrhill. 6 schools
for 496 scholars are within the parish, and
1 of them for 60 is new.

COLMSLIE, hill in Melrose parish, Rox-
burghshire.

COLONSAY, island and parish in Argyle-
shire Hebrides. The island lies 4 miles
north-west of northern extremity of Islay ;
extends 8 miles north-north-eastward, with
extreme breadth of about 3^ miles ; rises
nowhere higher than 493 feet above sea-
level ; is partly fertile, but more largely
moorish and rugged ; contains the modern
mansion of the Macneills, and remains of
several ancient chapels ; and has a post
office under Greenock, and a public school
with about 34 scholars. A monument to
the late Lord Colonsay, a granite obelisk
fully 30 feet high, was erected on a head-
land on its east side in 1876. The parish
includes also Oronsay Island, almost con-
tiguous on the south. Real property in
1880-81, £3132. Pop. 395.

COLONSAY (LITTLE), small island in
mouth of Loch-na-Keal, west side of Mull,
Argyleshire.

COLPORT. See Coulpokt.

COLPY, hamlet and burn in Culsamond
parish, Aberdeenshire. The hamlet has a
post office under Insch.

COLQUHALZIE, seat on the Earn, near
Innerpeffray, Perthshire.

COLQUHINNY, place on the Don, 5£
miles east-north-east of Strathdon church,
Aberdeenshire.

COLSAY, small island, 8 miles north-
north-west of Sumburgh Head, Shetland.

COLTBRIDGE, suburban village on
Water of Leith, St. Cuthbert's parish,
Edinburgh. It communicates by tramway
with the city, and has a public school with
about 97 scholars.

COLTFIELD, railway station and hamlet
in Alves parish, Elginshire.

COLTNESS, village and quoad sacra
parish in Cambusnethan parish, Lanark-
shire. The village is suburban to New-
mains, and has extensive ironworks.
Coltness House, in its vicinity, is a large
handsome mansion. Pop. of Newmains
and Coltness town, 2682 ; of Coltness
quoad sacra parish, 2896.

COLTSTON, village in New Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire.

COLUMBA (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Paisley. Pop. 1981.

COLUMBA (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Glasgow. Pop. the Gaelic speaking in-
habitants.

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COLVEND, seaboard parish, with church
6 miles south-by-east of Dalbeattie, Kirk-
cudbrightshire. It has a post office of its
own name under Dalbeattie, and contains
Southwick, with a post office under Dum-
fries and a railway station. Its length is
nearly 9 miles ; its greatest breadth 1\
miles ; its area 18,666 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £12,488. Pop. 1281.
The coast is rocky, bold, precipitous, and
romantic, and has caverns and crevices
formerly used by smugglers, and supposed
to have suggested to Sir Walter Scott
some scenes and incidents in his Guy
Mannering. The interior includes part
of Criffel Mountain ; is mostly hilly, wild,
and pastoral ; and contains a number of
small lakes well stocked with fish. The
antiquities are a ruined castle, a vitrified
fort, and remains of two camps. The
churches are Established and United
Presbyterian. There are 5 schools for 394
scholars, and 2 of them for 190 are new.

COLZEAN, castellated seat of the Mar-
quis of Ailsa, on sea-cliff If mile north-
north-west of Kirkoswald, Ayrshire. 6
caves, one of them about 200 feet long,
pierce the face of the cliff.

COLZIUM, seat of Sir William Edmond-
stone, Bart., glen, and ruined castle, in
Kilsyth parish, Stirling.

COMARAICH, estate in Applecross par-
ish, Ross-shire.

COMBS (ST.), fishing village, 6 miles
south-east of Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire.
It has a public school with about 131
scholars. Pop. 614.

COMELY BANK, suburban village, com-
prising chain of villas, in St. Cuthbert's
parish, Edkdmrgh.

COMELY BANK, village in Melrose par-
ish, Roxburghshire.

COMELY GREEN, small north-eastern
suburb of Edinburgh.

COMESTON, farm, with ancient battle-
field, in St. Cyrus parish, Kincardineshire.

COMISTON, seat of Sir John Forrest,
Bart., in Colinton parish, Edinburghshire.

COMLONGAN, ancient, strong, well-pre-
served baronial castle, in Ruthwell parish,
Dumfriesshire.

COMMONDYKE, village in Auchinleck
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 1048.

COMMONHEAD, railway station, \ mile
north-east of Airdrie, Lanarkshire.

COMORE, reservoir, 16 acres in area, 24
feet deep, in Neilston parish, Renfrewshire.

COMPASS, hill, powerfully disturbing
the magnetic needle, in Canna Island,
Inner Hebrides.

COMPSTON, modern seat and ruined
ancient baronial fortalice, in Twynholm
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

COMRIE, town and parish in Strathearn
district, Perthshire. The town stands on
the Earn, at influx of the Lednock and
the Ruchill, 6 miles west of Crieff ; con-
sists of Comrie Proper on the left bank,
and Dalginross and Ross on the right ;
is surrounded, to a wide extent, with

remarkably picturesque scenery ; possesses
strong attractions for tourists and summer
visitors ; includes a principal street about
two-thirds of a mile long, and a six-arched
bridge ; and has a post office, with all
departments, under Crieff, a banking
office, a hotel, a public reading-room, a
spacious steepled Established church of
1805, a large Gothic Free church of 1881,
a handsome United Presbyterian church
of 1867, a public school with about 164
scholars, and an industrial school with
about 89. A branch railway from Crieff,
possibly with continuation to Lochearn-
head, was projected in 1880. The town is
notable for frequent earthquakes, but never
with any seriously damaging effect. Pop.
1038. — The parish contains also the
village of St. Fillans, and is 13 miles
long and 10 miles broad. Acres, 60,593.
Real property in 1880-81, £16,247. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1726 ; quoad sacra, 1844.
The northern and southern boundaries are
formed by lofty mountain water-sheds,
with culminating summits 2922 and 3180
feet high ; and the interior is a many-
featured assemblage of mountain, glen, and
valley. The chief waters are Loch Earn
and the river Earn along the centre, and
the rivulets Lednock and Ruchill down
the flanks. The scenery, especially along
the centre, is surpassingly rich and diver-
sified. The views from Lord Melville's
Monument, LJ mile north of the town, and
from other elevated spots, are among the
most splendid in Britain. The arable land
comprises not more than about one -eighth
of the entire area, and has mostly a light,
gravelly soil. The chief residences are
Comrie House, Dunira, Dalhonzie, Aber-
uchill, and Ardvoirlich ; and the first and
second are seats of Sir Sidney Dundas,
Bart. The chief antiquity is the vestige
of a large Roman camp, adjacent to Dalgin-
ross. 4 schools for 364 scholars are in the
parish, and 2 of them for 75 are new.

COMYN'S CASTLE, extinct residence
of the Red Comyn, in Kirkmahoe parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CON. See Chon.

CONA, rivulet, glen, and mansion in
Ardgour, Argyleshire.

CONACHAN, loftiest summit of St.
Kilda Island, Outer Hebrides.

CONACHAN, pastoral hills in Fowlis-
Wester parish, Perthshire.

CONAIT, rivulet in Fortingal parish,
Perthshire.

CONAN, river and mansion in south of
Ross-shire. The river runs about 35 miles
eastward to head of Cromarty Firth ;
receives in its progress the affluents of Fan-
nich, Garve, Meig, and Orrin ; and affords
excellent salmon fishing, but is preserved.
The mansion stands near Conan-Bridge,and
is a seat of Sir Kenneth S. Mackenzie, Bart.

CONAN-BRIDGE, village on Conan river,
1\ miles south-south- west of Dingwall,
Ross-shire. It has a post office with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-

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nated of Ross-shire, a railway station, a
good inn, a five-arched bridge, and a public
school with about 112 scholars. Pop. 385.

CONANSYTHE, seat in Carmylie parish,
Forfarshire.

CONDIE, hill, adjacent to May rivulet,
and seat near Forgandenny, Perthshire.

CONDORRAT, village, 2f miles south-
west of Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire.
It has a post office under Airdrie, and an
Established church of 1875. Pop. 620.

CONGALTON, barony in Dirleton parish,
Haddingtonshire.

CONGHOILLIS, ancient parish, now
called Inverkeilor, Forfarshire.

CONGLASS, affluent of the Aven, in
Kirkmichael parish, Banffshire.

CONHEATH, seat in Caerlaverock par-
ish, Dumfriesshire.

CONICAVAL, hamlet in Edenkillie par-
ish, Elginshire.

CONIGLEN, streamlet and vale in South-
end parish, Kintyre, Argyleshire.

CONINGSBURGH, hamlet and ancient
parish in south of Shetland. The hamlet
lies on the coast, 9 miles south-south- west
of Lerwick, and has a Free church. The
parish is now annexed to Dunrossness.

CONNAGE, fishing village in Petty par-
ish. Inverness-shire.

CONNEL, lake in Kirkcolm parish,
"Wigtonshire.

CONNEL, place adjacent to Connel Ferry,
Argyleshire. It has a post office under Oban.

CONNEL FERRY, strait in Loch Etive,
3 miles east of Dunstaffnage, Argyleshire.
It takes across the communication from
Oban to Appin, has an inn on each side,
gives name to an adjacent railway station
6 miles from Oban, and is swept by a tidal
cataract believed to be the Lora of Ossian,
and noticed in Sir Walter Scott's Lord of
the Isles.

CONNEL PARK, village in New Cumnock
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 495.

CONRY, affluent of the Don in Strathdon
parish, Aberdeenshire.

CONTENT, north-eastern suburb or sec-
tion of Ayr, Ayrshire.

CONTIN, hamlet and parish in south-
east of Ross-shire. The hamlet lies on
Garve river, near influx to the Conan,
about 8 miles south-west of Dingwall,
and has a post office under Dingwall, an
inn, a parochial church, and a public
school with about 80 scholars. The parish
measured along roads is 33 miles in length,
and not much less in breadth. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £17,949. Pop., quoad
civilia, 1422 ; quoad sacra, 708. The
surface is mostly mountainous and sterile,
yet includes numerous glens and vales, and
is much diversified by lakes and streams. A
chief object is Coul, the seat of Sir Arthur
G. R. Mackenzie, Bart. Two quoad sacra
parish churches, 2 Free churches, and 2
schools for 138 scholars, are in the parish,
and 1 of the schools for 100 scholars is new.

CONTULLICH, burn in Aboyne parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CONVAL, hill, with vestiges of Danish
camp, in Mortlach parish, Banffshire.

CONVETH, estate in Laurencekirk par-
ish, Kincardineshire.

CONVINTH, old parish, now part of
Kiltarlity, Inverness-shire.

COODHAM, estate in Symington parish,
Ayrshire.

COOKNEY, quoad sacra parish, with
church and public school, 4J miles north
of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire. The
church contains about 700 sittings, and the
school has about 80 scholars. Pop. 1976.

COPAY, island in Sound of Harris,
Outer Hebrides.

COPINSHAY, island in St. Andrew par-
ish, Orkney. Pop. 5.

COPPERCLEUCH, place, with post office
under Selkirk.

COQUET, river, running about a mile on
south-east boundary of Oxnam parish,
Roxburghshire, but belonging everywhere
else to England.

CORAFUAR, mountain in Luss parish,
Dumbartonshire.

CORAH, vestige of ancient castle, a seat
of Lord Herries, in Kirkgunzeon parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

CORBELLY, roundish hill contiguous to
Maxwelltown suburb of Dumfries. It
commands a delightful panoramic view ;
has, on its east shoulder, an observatory
and museum ; and is edificed, on its town-
ward slopes, by new streets.

CORBET, renovated old Border tower
in Morebattle parish, Roxburghshire.

CORBIE, burn in Inverarity parish,
Forfarshire.

CORBIEHALL, farm, with vestiges of
Roman camp, in Carstairs parish, Lanark-
shire.

CORBIEHALL, suburb of Borrowstown-
ness, Linlithgowshire.

CORBIEHILL, hamlet in Balmerino par-
ish, Fife.

CORBIE POT, glen in Maryculter parish,
Kincardineshire.

CORBIE'S KNOWE, artificial mound, with
traces of ancient fort, on Lunan Bay,
Forfarshire.

CORCHINNAN, head -stream of Bogie
river, Aberdeenshire.

CORE, head-stream of the Tweed, in
Tweedsmuir parish, Peeblesshire.

CORE, one of the Ochil Hills, 2\ miles
south of Blackford, Perthshire.

COREEN, hill-range on northern bound-
ary of Alford district, Aberdeenshire.

COREHOUSE, modern mansion and
ruined ancient castle on the Clyde, adja-
cent to Corra Linn, Lanarkshire.

COR-ELLAN, islet in South Knapdale
parish, Argyleshire.

CORF, seat near Newburgh, Aberdeen-
shire.

CORFHOUSE, bay in Kintail parish,

Ross-shire.

CORGARF, quoad sacra parish around
sources and head-streams of the Don,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under

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09

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Aberdeen, a military station, a church
with 350 sittings, and a small Roman
Catholic chapel. An ancient castle occupied
the site of the military station ; was for
ages a hunting-seat of the Earls of Mar, and
was burnt in 1551 by Sir Adam Gordon,
when 27 persons perished in the flames.

CORHABBIE, hill in Mortlach parish,
Banffshire.

CORICHBAD, deer preserve of the Earl
of Breadalbane, in upper part of Glen-
orchy, Argyleshire.

CORINAHENCHAR, bay in Torosay par-
ish, Mull Island, Argyleshire.

CORINESSIE, vale in Durness parish,
Sutherland.

CORKINDALE LAW, hill, with magnifi-
cent panoramic view, in Neilston parish,
Renfrewshire.

CORKRIE, bay in Kirkmaiden parish,
Wigtonshire.

CORLIE, loftiest hill-summit in Green-
ock parish, Renfrewshire. It commands
a rich, diversified, extensive view.

CORMIE, eminence crowned with Raith
Tower in Abbotshall parish, Fife.

CORMILLIGAN, lofty hill in Tynron
parish, Dumfriesshire.

CORMORANTS' CAVE, basaltic cavern,
224 feet long and 50 feet high, in Staffa
Island, Argyleshire.

CORNACHANTIAN, mountain in Luss
parish, Dumbartonshire.

CORNAIG, place, with public school, in
Coll Island, Argyleshire.

CORNAL, ruined baronial fortalice on
Moffat river, in Moffat parish, Dumfries-
shire.

CORNAMAUGH, lake in Kildonan par-
ish, Sutherland.

CORNCAIRN, village, 8 miles south-west
of Banff.

CORNCOCKLE, moor, 2 miles north of
Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire. A building-
stone is quarried on it notable for peculiar
fossil footprints.

CORNHILL, place, 12 miles north-east
of Keith, Banffshire. It has a post office
under Banff, and a railway station.

CORNHILL, seat in Culter parish, Lan-
arkshire.

CORNHILL, seat in Old Machar parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CORNIE, burn in Abercorn parish, Lin-
lithgowshire.

CORNISH, Like, 7 miles south of Straiton,
Ayrshire.

CORNTOWN, battle-field near Stirling.
It was the scene of the battle in 1297
commonly called the Battle of Stirling.

CORODALE, cave on east side of South
Uist Island, Outer Hebrides. It was, for
some days in 1746, the abode of Prince
Charles Edward.

CORPACH, village at south-west end of
Caledonian Canal, 1\ miles north of Fort-
William, Inverness-shire. It is the land-
ing-place for steamboat passengers, and it
has a pier, an Established church, and an
obeliskal monument to Colonel Cameron.

CORR, islet off mouth of Loch Swin,
Argyleshire.

CORR, lake, 5 miles long, adjacent, to
south-east side of Benclybric, in centre of
Sutherland.

CORRACHREE, seat in Logie-Coldstone
parish, Aberdeenshire.

CORRA-DHUN, vestige of ancient castle
in Canna Island, Inner Hebrides.

CORRAL, burn in Auchtergaven parish,
Perthshire.

CORRA LINN, second fall of Clyde, in
vicinity of Lanark. It occurs within a
picturesque amphitheatre, with maximum
height of 120 feet ; it includes first a fall
of a few feet, next a fall of about 30 feet,
next a cataract of about 90 feet, next a
grand final leap ; and it makes, in these, a
total descent of 84 feet.

CORRAN, rivulet, running to the sea, in
Jura Island, Argyleshire.

CORRAN, ferry across lower part of
West Loch Tarbert, Argyleshire.

CORRAN, ferry across foot of Loch Eil,
between Ardgour district, Argyleshire,
and Lochaber district, Inverness-shire.

CORRENNIE,hill-range,1578 feet high, in
Cluny and Tough parishes, Aberdeenshire.

CORRICHIE, vale on mutual border of
Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire, 14
miles west-by-south of Aberdeen. It was
the scene of the battle in 1562 between
the forces of Queen Mary and those of
her antagonists.

CORRIE, coast village, 4J miles north
of Brodick, Arran Island, Buteshire. It
has a post office under Brodick, and a
small harbour with a quay.

CORRIE, ancient parish, now united to
Hutton, Dumfriesshire. Corrie Burn in
it is an affluent of the Milk ; Corrie Law
is a beautiful hill, with fine view ; and
Corrie public school has about 63 scholars.

CORRIE, hill in Kilsyth parish, Stirling-
shire.

CORRIE, place, with remains of ancient
Caledonian stone circle, in Rogart parish,
Sutherlandshire.

CORRIEDOW, glen in Kiltarlity parish,
Inverness-shire. A cave in it is said to
have been inhabited for some days by
Prince Charles Edward.

CORRIEDOWN, heights, with notable
cairn, in Rathven parish, Banffshire.

CORRIEMONY, plain, seat, and public
school in Urquhart parish, Inverness-shire.

CORRIEMUCKLOCK, place, with inn,
about a mile south of Amulree, Perthshire.

CORRIEMULZIE, burn, entering the Dee
3 miles above Castleton-Braemar, Aberdeen-
shire. It makes a beautiful snow-white
cascade within a wooded precipitous ravine.

CORRIEVRECKAN, tortured tidal cur-
rent, popularly regarded as a dreadful
whirlpool, in strait between Jura and
Scarba Islands, Argyleshire.

CORRISEL, seat in Penningham parish,
Wigtonshire.

CORRISKIN, or CORUISK, lake, about
3 miles in circuit, among Cuchullin Moun-

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100

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tains, Isle of Skye. Its scenery is dis-
mally wild, dark, and stern, and is
graphically described by Sir Walter Scott
in his Lord of the Isles.

CORRYARRICK, steep lofty mountain-
ridge, from vicinity of Loch Oich to south-
west end of Monadhleadh Mountains, In-
verness-shire. It is traversed, in zigzag
course, by the road from Fort-Augustus
into Badenoch ; and that road over it was
Prince Charles's route at commence-
ment of the rebellion in 1745. The height,
at highest summit, is 2922 feet ; at
summit of the pass, 1864 feet.

CORRYAUR, bleak barren hill-range in
Muthill parish, Perthshire.

CORRYBROUGH, seat in Moy parish,
Inverness-shire.

CORRYFEARN, hills in Eddertoun
parish, Ross-shire.

CORRYGILL, headland at south side of
Brodick Bay, Arran Island, Buteshire.

CORRYHABBIE, mountain, 2563 feet
high, 8 miles south-by-west of Dufftown,
Banffshire.

CORRYVARLEGAN, wild lofty mountain-
pass, on the way from Loch Hourn in
Inverness-shire to Glenshiel in Boss-shire.

CORSANCONE, hiU, 1547 feet high, in
New Cumnock parish, Argyleshire.

CORSBIE, seat near Newton-Stewart,
Wigtonshire.

CORSBIE, barony in Legerwood parish,
Berwickshire.

CORSE, seat in Forgue parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

CORSE, hill, 21 miles west-by-north of
Aberdeen. Numerous small tumuli and
remains of military works are on it, and
are associated by tradition with the closing
scenes of the career of Macbeth. Corse
Castle, in its vicinity, was built in 1581,
and is now a ruin.

CORSEDARDER, hill in Birse parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CORSEGLASS, place, with public school,
in Dairy parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CORSEMILL, village, 3 miles south-east
of Paisley, Renfrewshire.

CORSEWALL, small headland, modern
mansion, and ruined strong ancient fort-
alice, in Kirkcolm parish, Wigtonshire.
The headland lies 2J miles west-south-
west of mouth of Loch Ryan, confronts the
North Channel, and has a lighthouse with
revolving light visible at the distance of
15 nautical miles.

CORSOCK, village and quoad sacra
parish in Kirkcudbrightshire. The village
stands on Urr river, 10 miles north of
Castle-Douglas, and has a post office under
Dalbeattie, an Established church and a
Free church. Corsock Castle is the ruined
seat of Robert Nelson, who figured pro-
minently among the persecuted Covenan-
ters. Corsock lake contains large trout,
and has two boats, but is preserved. Pop.
of the quoad sacra parish, 611.

CORSTON, hill -ridge in Kirknewton
parish, Edinburghshire.

CORSTORPHINE, village and parish in
the north-west of Edinburghshire. The
village stands 3 \ miles west of Edinburgh,
is a summer resort of Edinburgh families,
commands a charming view to the Pent-
land Hills, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Mid-Lothian, a railway sta-
tion, a second-pointed parochial church of
1492, a Free church, and a public school
with about 193 scholars. Pop. 952.— The
parish contains also the hamlets of Gogar,
Stanhope-Mills, and Four-Mile -Hill. Its
length is.about 4 miles ; its greatest breadth
about 1\ miles ; its area 3654 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £21,515. Pop. 2156.
Most of the surface is level ; but a ridge,
called Corstorphine Hill, extends from
the skirt of the village about f mile to a
wooded eastern crest about 474 feet high,
and commands there a superb view of
Edinburgh, and of the country eastward to
the German Ocean. The chief residences
are Corstorphine House, Clermiston,
Beechwood, Belmont, Ravelston, Gogar
House, Gogar Burn, and Gogar Mount.

CORTACHY, parish in north of Forfar-
shire, extending southward to within 3
miles of Kirriemuir. It has a post office
under Kirriemuir ; and it forms of itself
a quoad sacra parish, but is united politi-
cally to Clova. Acres of the united parish,
42,322. Real property in 1880-81, £7516.
Pop. 442. Length and greatest breadth
of Cortachy-Proper, 13 and 5J miles. Pop.
337. The surface consists mostly of a
portion of the Benchinnan Mountains, but
includes some meadow land along the
course of the South Esk. Cortachy
Castle, on that river, is the favourite seat
of the Earl of Airlie, and is partly ancient,
but chiefly modern. The parochial church
was built in 1829, and contains 650 sittings.
3 schools, with accommodation for 198
scholars, serve for Cortachy and Clova. See
Clova.

CORTES, estate with modern mansion
and ancient Caledonian stone circle, in
Ruthven parish, Aberdeenshire.

CORUISK. See Corriskin.

CORWAR, seat in Colmonell parish,
Ayrshire.

COSHEVILLE, place, with inn, 3| miles
north of Kenmore, Perthshire.

COSSINS, quondam old castle in Glam-
mis parish, Forfarshire.

COSTA, headland and hamlet at northern
extremity of Pomona, Orkney. The head-
land is the bold, precipitous, rocky face of
a considerable hill ; and the hamlet has a
public school with about 44 scholars.

COTBURN, hill in Turriff parish, Aber-
deenshire.

COTCHET, hill-ridge in Eccles parish,
Berwickshire.

COTHAL, place, with woollen mills, in
Fintray parish, Aberdeenshire.

COTHIEMUIR, hill, with ancient Cale-
donian stone circle, in Keig parish,,
Aberdeenshire.

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101

COV

COTHILL, lake in Slains parish, Aber-
deenshire.

COTTACK, village in Dun score parish,
Dumfriesshire. It contains the parochial
church.

COTTON, village in St. Madoes parish,
Perthshire.

COTTON, village in Dunnichen parish,
Forfarshire.

COTTON, two quondam villages, Cotton-
Ingliston and Cotton - Invereighty, in
Kinnettles parish, Forfarshire.

COTTS, lake in Urquhart parish, Elgin-
shire.

COUFFURACH, village in Enzie section
of Rathven parish, Banffshire.

COUL, seat of Sir Arthur G. R. Macken-
zie. Bart., near Conan-Bridge, Ross-shire.

COULALT, burn in Inveraven parish,
Banffshire.

COULALT, lake in Knockando parish,
Elginshire.

COULARD, hill in Drainie parish, Elgin-
shire.

COULAX, hill, 1407 feet high, in north-
west of Hoy, Orkney.

COULBEG, hill in Coigach district,
Cromartyshire.

COULBEG, mountain in Assynt parish,
Sutherland.

COULL, parish adjacent to north side of
Aboyne, Aberdeenshire. Its post town is
Aboyne, under Aberdeen. Its length is
about 5 miles ; its greatest breadth about
31 miles ; its area 9044 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £4007. Pop., quoad
civilia, 783 ; quoad sacra, 526. The
land is partly flat and partly a bordering
hill-range. Chief objects are an' ancient
Caledonian stone circle, traces of an
ancient chapel, vestiges of Coull Castle,
and ruins of Corse Castle. The public
school has about 83 scholars.

COULMONY, seat in Ardclach parish,
Nairnshire.

COULMORE, hill in Coigach district,
Cromartyshire.

COULPORT, village on east side of Loch
Long, 5 miles north-north-west of Cove,
Dumbartonshire. It was the place where
the Kibble Crystal Palace, now in Glasgow
Botanic Garden, was originally erected ;
it now contains many residences of wealthy
Glasgow merchants ; and it underwent
extension and acquired a pier in 1880.

COULTER, railway station, \\ mile
south-west of Biggar, Lanarkshire.

COULTER, small lake in St. Ninian's
parish, Stirlingshire.

COULTRY, village in Balmerino parish,
Fife.

COUMFELL, hill, 1009 feet high, 6
miles north-east of Langholm, Dumfries-
shire.

COUNTESSWELLS, seat in Peterculter
parish, Aberdeenshire.

COUPAR-ANGUS, town and parish partly
in Forfarshire, but chiefly in Perthshire.
The town stands near the Isla, on a small
affluent of that river, 12f miles by road,

but 15| miles by railway, north-east-by-
north of Perth; adjoins the site of a
Roman camp and vestiges of an ancient
abbey; dates from old times, and has
undergone much recent improvement ;
carries on linen manufacture and other
industries ; and has a head post office with
all departments, a railway station, 3
banking offices, a hotel and inns, a town
hall, a new water supply of 1874, Estab-
lished, Free, United Presbyterian, Original
Secession, Evangelical Union, and Episco-
palian churches, and a public school of
1877 for about 500 scholars. Pop. 2154
— The parish contains also the villages
of Balbrogie, Longluis, and Washington,
and measures about 5 miles in length
and from \\ to 2} miles in breadth.
Acres in Forfarshire, 184; in Perthshire,
4515. Real property in 1880-81, £1790
and £14,312. Pop. 265 and 228L The.
surface is part of Strathmore, bisected
by a ridge commanding a splendid view.

COURANCE, hamlet in Kirkmichael par-
ish, Dumfriesshire. It has a post office
under Lockerby.

COURTHILLS, mounds or rising-grounds,
formerly used as seats of justice, in Auch-
tergaven, Bellie, Cathcart, Dairy (Ayr-
shire), Lunan, Pettie, Rosemarkie, Tar-
bolton, and other parishes. That in
Rosemarkie gives name to a public school
with about 77 scholars.

COUSLAND, village, 3 miles east of
Dalkeith, Edinburghshire. It has a post
office under Dalkeith.

COUTHALLY. See Cowthally.

COVANT, burn in Hamilton parish,
Lanarkshire.

COVE, fishing village, 4 miles south-by-
east of Aberdeen. It stands near a large
cavern opening from the sea, and has a
post office under Aberdeen, a railway sta-
tion, a slightly improved natural harbour,
and a public school with about 69 scholars.
Pop. 464.

COVE, seat in Kirkpatrick-Fleming par-
ish, Dumfriesshire.

COVE, small bay, engirt by lofty cliffs,
and possessing a small harbour for fishing-
boats, in Cockburnspath parish, Berwick-
shire.

COVE, watering-place on east side near
mouth of Loch Long, Dumbartonshire.
It forms part of the police burgh of Kil-
creggan and Cove ; consists chiefly of
villas and ornate cottages ; and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Dumbarton-
shire, and a steamboat pier. Pop. 432.

COVE-A-CHIARAN, cave, anciently a
residence of St. Kiaran, in Campbelton
parish, Argyleshire.

COVESEA, popularly CAUSEA, coast
village, hill, and skerries, in Drainie parish,
Elginshire. The hill has a deep, mural,
fissured, and cavernous sea front ; and the
skerries have a lighthouse, with revolving
light visible at the distance of 18 nautical
miles.

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COY

COVINGTON, village and parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. The village stands
about 11 mile north of Thankerton railway
station, and adjoins a ruined castellated
tower of 1442. The parish contains also
Thankerton village, with post office desig-
nated Thankerton, Lanarkshire ; and it
measures about 4 miles by 2f, and
comprises 5114 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £6295. Pop. 444. The Clyde
traces the eastern and north - eastern
boundary. Part of Tinto Mountain is on
the southern border ; pastoral uplands go
northward from it ; and arable and meadow
lands form the rest of the surface. The
only seat is St. John's Kirk ; and the
antiquities, besides the ruined tower at
the village, are 4 circular camps. Coving-
ton Mill was the place where the famous
Covenanter Donald Cargill was taken
prisoner. The public school has about
55 scholars.

COWAL, eastern district of Argyleshire.
It is bounded, except on the north, by
Loch Fyne, the Kyles of Bute, the Firth
of Clyde, and Loch Long ; contains the
sea-lochs Riddan, Striven, and Goil, and
the fresh water Loch Eck ; and includes
some low tracts of land, but is mainly
mountninous.

COWBRAE, lofty hill, with extensive
view, on southern boundary of Borthwick
parish, Edinburghshire.

COWCADDENS, city section in middle of
northern border of Glasgow. It sprang
from an isolated hamlet on the pasture-
common of the city ; was surrounded and
absorbed by the city's street extensions ;
is now a mixture of irregular and regular,
ill-built and well - built thoroughfares ;
presents a better appearance than that of
many second-rate manufacturing towns ;
and contains an arcade of 1852, a theatre,
the Free Church Normal school, a Free
church, and a United Presbyterian church.

COWCASH, natural harbour, about a
mile south of the harbour of Aberdeen.

COWDEN, coal-field in Dalkeith parish,
E dinburgh shire .

COWDEN, seat, 2J miles east-north-east
of Dollar, Clackmannanshire. It occupies
the site of an ancient fortalice of the
Bishop of St. Andrews.

COWDENBEATH, town, 5£ miles north-
east of Dunfermline, Fife. It has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Fif eshire, a rail-
way station, and a Free church. Pop. 2769.

COWDENHILLS, village in Carriden
parish, Linlithgowshire. Pop. 272.

COWDENKNOWES, seat and hill on east
side of Leader "Water, between Earlston
and the Tweed, in Berwickshire. The
hill is now bare and verdant, but was
formerly covered with brushwood, and is
celebrated in the song of 'The Broom o'
the Cowdenknowes.'

COWDONHILL, estate in New Kilpat-
rick parish, Dumbartonshire.

COWGASK, farm, with site of ancient

chapel, in Trinity - Gask parish, Perth-
shire.

COWGATE, thoroughfare, about 800
yards long, from Grassmarket to South
Back of Canongate, in Edinburgh. It
was originally a rural ravine, traversed by
an open road ; it became, and long con-
tinued, a densely and elegantly edificed
aristocratic quarter ; it is now a crowded,
squalid retreat of the poor, but retains
many defaced features of its former gran-
deur ; and it contains two Free churches,
a large Roman Catholic church, and a
Heriot school.

COWGATE, modernized ancient street,
running eastward to the line of the
quondam town walls of Dundee. Its port
or archway in these walls is notable for
the famous Wishart having preached on it
during the prevalence of plague in 1544.

COWGLEN, coal-field in Eastwood parish,
Renfrewshire.

COWHILL, seat in Holywood parish,
Dumfriesshire.

COWIE, small river, running about 9
miles east- south-eastward to the sea at
Stonehaven, Kincardineshire. It descends
from the frontier Grampians, often in
strong freshet ; and it is crossed by the
Caledonian Railway on a lofty fourteen-
arched viaduct.

COWIE, fishing village, 1£ mile north-
north-east of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire.
It dates from at least the time of Mal-
colm Canmore ; is near the vestiges of a
fortalice said to have been built by that
sovereign ; and has ruins of an ancient
chapel, which passed to Marischal College,
Aberdeen.

COWIE'S LINN, cascade of about 30
feet, on a burn running to upper part of
Eddlestone river, Peeblesshire.

COWLAIRS, railway station and depot
on Edinburgh and Glasgow line of North
British system, at deflection of the branch
to Helensburgh, 1^ mile north-north-east
of Glasgow.

COWPITS, village in Inveresk parish,
Edinburghshire.

COWSHAVEN, coast cave in Aberdour
parish, Aberdeenshire. It was Lord Pit-
sligo's hiding-place after the battle of
Culloden.

COWSRIEVE, hill in Peterhead parish,
Aberdeenshire.

COWTHALLY, ruined strong castle,
about 1J mile north-west of Carnwath,
Lanarkshire.

COXTON, small, square, turreted fort-
alice, south-east of Elgin.

COYL, small river, running about 10
miles north-westward to Ayr river, at 4
miles east of Ayr town. It has a cascade
of about 15 feet.

COYLTON, village and parish in Kyle
district, Ayrshire. The village stands 6
miles east-south-east of Ayr, and has a
post office under Ayr, a parochial church
containing 744 sittings, and a public school
with about 194 scholars. The parish con-

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tains also the villages of Craighall, Bank-
foot, Gadgirthholm, Knockshoggleholm,
and Joppa. Its length is about 12 miles ;
its breadth nearly 2 miles ; its area 11,584
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £20,947.
Pop. 3100. The river Ayr traces much
of the north-western boundary ; the Coyl
traverses the interior ; and the Doon
drains part of the south-eastern end. The
lower section is partly flat and partly
undulating ; the middle section contains
the Craigs of Coyl, rising to a height of 798
feet above sea-level; and the upper section
is hilly, rises to a height of more than 1100
feet above sea-level, and commands there
extensive views. About 8110 acres are
arable. Coal, limestone, sandstone, and
trap rock abound, and are extensively
worked. The chief seats are Sundrum,
Gadgirth, and Rankinston; and a chief
antiquity is a large stone popularly re-
garded as a monument of 'Auld King
Coil,' — a fabulous monarch from whom a
false tradition derived the names of Coyl,
Coylton, and Kyle.

CRACHIE, mountain affluent of the
Shochie, Perthshire.

CRAGGACH, glen, with millstone quarry,
in Reay parish, Caithness.

CRAGGANESTER, hamlet in Weem
parish, Perthshire.

CRAGGANTOUL, hamlet in Weem parish,
Perthshire.

CRAGGIE, lake in Tongue parish, Suther-
land.

CRAIBSTONE, seat on Buxburn rivulet,
Aberdeenshire.

CRAICHIE, village in Dunnichen parish,
Forfarshire. It has a post office under
Forfar, and a public school with about 137
scholars

CRAICK, hill, 1482 feet high, in Roberton
parish, Roxburghshire.

CRAIG, parish on east coast of Forfar-
shire. It contains Ferryden town, with
post office under Montrose, and Usan
village, and includes Inchbrayock Island.
Its length is nearly 6 miles ; its breadth
3 miles; its area 4371 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £10,824. Pop. 2589.
The mainland is partly a peninsula,
bounded on the north by Montrose basin
and South Esk river, on the east and
south-east by the German Ocean ; and
rises gradually from the north and the
east toward the south-west, till it reaches
an elevation of about 400 feet above sea-
level. The northward slope is ornate, and
commands a magnificent view ; and the
sea-coast is very rocky and partly preci-
pitous. The chief seats are Rossie, Dun-
ninald, and Usan ; and the chief anti-
cmities are vestiges of Craig Castle, a
strong structure, often mentioned in
Scottish history ; and the sites of another
old castle and an old fort. The churches
are Established and Free ; and the former
is a handsome conspicuous edifice with
800 sittings. There are 5 schools with
accommodation for 467 scholars.

CRAIG, estate in Madderty parish,
Perthshire. It once contained a village of
Craig, ranking as a burgh of barony ; and
it now contains the modern village of St.
David's.

CRAIG, seat and burn in Auchindoir
parish, Aberdeenshire.

CRAIG, seat in Kilmaurs parish, Ayr-
shire.

CRAIG, seat in Colmonell parish, Ayr-
shire.

CRAIG, quondam baronial fortalice in
Glenisla parish, Forfarshire.

CRAIG, hill in Troqueer parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

CRAIGABODDICK, hill-range on mutual
border of Loth and Kildonan parishes,
Sutherland.

CRAIGACHROCHCAN, lofty bank and
bridge on the Aven, in Inveraven parish,
Banffshire.

CRAIGAIRIE, high moorish hill, 10 miles
north of Glenluce, Wigtonshire.

CRAIGALLEON, lake in Strathblane
parish, Stirlingshire.

CRAIGAMMEL, curious object on coast
of Wick parish, Caithness.

CRAIGANDARROCH, lofty hill in Glen-
muick parish, Aberdeenshire.

CRAIGANFHIACH, precipitous crag,
giving off a loud echo, in Fodderty parish,
Ross-shire.

CRAIGANOIN, hill and pass on mutual
border of Moy and Daviot parishes, In-
verness-shire. The pass was the scene
of what is called the ' Rout of Moy ' in the
rebellion of 1745-46.

CRAIGANROY, commodious safe harbour
in Loch Duich, Glenshiel parish, Ross-shire.

CRAIGBANK, village in New Cumnock
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 302.

CRAIGBAR, steep rocky precipice, with
remains of ancient fortification, at side of
Loch Brora, in Clyne parish, Sutherland.

CRAIGBARNET, seat in Campsie parish,
Stirlingshire. s

CRAIGBEG, mountain in Durris parish,
Kincardineshire.

CRAIGBENYON, mountain, 3 miles
north-east of Callander, Perthshire.

CRAIGBHOKIE, lofty precipitous cliff
at narrow part of Loth glen, in Loth
parish, Sutherland.

CRAIGBINNY, hill, 3J miles south-east
of Linlithgow.

CRAIGBODDICH, lofty precipitous cliff
in Loth glen and parish, Sutherland.

CRAIGCAFFIE, old castle, transmuted
into farmhouse, in Inch parish, Wigton-
shire.

CRAIGCHAILLEACH, picturesque peaked
mountain - range, in vicinity of Killin,
Perthshire.

CRAIGCLEUGH, burn on mutual bound-
ary of Westerkirk and Langholm parishes,
Dumfriesshire.

CRAIGCROOK, seat on east skirt of
Corstorphine Hill, 2^ miles west of Edin-
burgh. It was long the residence of Lord
J effrey.

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104

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CRAIGDAIMVIE, islet off Keils Point,
in Knapdale, Argyleshire.

CRAIGDALLIE, village in Kinnaird
parish, Perthshire.

CRAIGDAM, village in Tarves parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a United Presby-
terian church, and a public school with
about 94 scholars.

CRAIGDARROCH, seat and head-stream
of the Cairn, in Glencairn parish, Dum-
friesshire.

CRAIGDARROCH, seat in Contin parish,
Ross-shire.

CRAIGDHU, mountain in Port-of-Men-
teith parish, Perthshire.

CRAIGDHU, lofty seriated height, flank-
ing part of Truim river, Inverness-shire.
It was the gathering place of the Clan
Macpherson.

CRAIGDHULOCH, cliff, upwards of 1000
feet high, overhanging Loch Dhuloch, at
head of Glenmuick, on mutual border of
Aberdeenshire and Forfarshire.

CRAIGELLACHIE, hamlet, one -arched
bridge of 150 feet span, and bold rocky
romantic height on the Spey, 1J mile
north-east of Aberlour, Banffshire. The
hamlet has a head post office with money
order and telegraph departments, a station
at junction of Strathspey and Morayshire
railways, and a hotel.

CRAIGELLACHIE, bold rocky romantic
height on the Spey, adjacent to Aviemore,
Inverness-shire. The Clan Grant took
from it their war-cry, ' Stand fast, Craigel-
lachie.'

CRAIGENCALLIE, scene of successful
stratagem by King Robert Bruce, at head
of Loch Dee, in Minnigaff parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

CRAIGENCRUNE, hill in Creich parish,
Fife.

CRAIGEND, village in East Church
parish, Perth. It has a United Presby-
terian church and a public school.

CRAIGEND, village in Crosshill district
of Old Monkland parish, Lanarkshire.

CRAIGEND, hill in north-west corner of
Lanark parish, Lanarkshire.

CRAIGEND, lake and farm in Newabbey
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire. The lake is
small but beautiful, and the farm has a
large easily-moved rocking-stone.

CRAIGEND, seat in Strathblane parish,
Stirlingshire.

CRAIGEND OR AN, railway station and
steamboat harbour about a mile east of
Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire. They were
formed in 1880-82 at a cost of £50,000.

CRAIGENDS, seat in Kilbarchan parish,
Renfrewshire.

CRAIGENFEICH, place, with crags of
Osmond stone, in Eaglesham parish, Ren-
frewshire.

CRAIGENGAR, hill, 1700 feet high, with
very large cave, at meeting point of Lanark-
shire, Edinburghshire, and Peeblesshire.

CRAIGENGELT, estate, with seat and
numerous artificial hillocks, in St. Ninian's
parish, Stirlingshire.

CRAIGENGOWER, hill, 1086 feet high,
crowned with monument to Colonel Blair,
and commanding a grand view, in Straiten
parish, Ayrshire.

CRAIGENS CORE, mountain in Glen-
bucket parish, Aberdeenshire.

CRAIGFOODIE, seat and hill in Dairsie
parish, Fife.

CRAIGFORTH, seat and bold picturesque
wooded crag, about 1J mile west of
Stirling.

CRAIG GHARTIN, crag at west end
of hill-range commencing in Craigellachie,
near Aviemore, Inverness- shire.

CRAIG GIBBON, hill, crowned by ob-
elisk, in Auchtergaven parish, Perthshire.

CRAIGGIES, section of Rogart parish,
Sutherland.

CRAIG GOWAN, hill, overlooking Bal-
moral Castle, Aberdeenshire.

CRAIGHALL, two villages, New and
Old, about 2 miles south-south- west of
Musselburgh, Edinburghshire. Coal mines
are adjacent, and an Established church
for the miners was opened in 1877, and
contains 500 sittings. Pop. 1365.

CRAIGHALL, village in Coylton parish,
Ayrshire. A coal mine is in its vicinity.

CRAIGHALL, seat in Ceres parish, Fife.

CRAIGHALL, seat, surmounting lofty
cliff, on Ericht river, in Rattray parish,
Perthshire.

CRAIGHEAD, place in Campsie parish,
Stirlingshire. It has a public school with
about 108 scholars.

CRAIGHEAD, seat in Blantyre parish,
Lanarkshire.

CRAIGHEAD, headland in Firth of Tay,
near Newport, Fife.

CRAIGHOLM, residence in vicinity of
Burntisland, Fife. It was occupied for
several summers by Rev. Dr. Chalmers.

CRAIGHOUSE, place on Jura Island,
Argyleshire. It has a post office, with
money order department, under Greenock.

CRAIGIE, parish, averagely about 3J
miles south of Kilmarnock, Ayrshire. It
has a post office of its own name under
Kilmarnock. Its length is 7 miles; its
average breadth about 1^ mile ; its area
6576 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£10,752. Pop. 590. The surface is
mostly level and fertile, but includes some
pastoral eminences, one of them about 500
feet high, commanding an extensive view.
The seats are Cairnhill, Barnwell, and
Underwood ; and the chief antiquity is
the ruined Craigie Castle, once the resi-
dence of the Wallaces of Craigie. The
public school is new, and has accommoda-
tion for 100 scholars.

CRAIGIE, village and site of old castle,
in East Church parish, Perth.

CRAIGIE, village in Caputh parish,
Perthshire.

CRAIGIE, village and hill in Dalmeny
parish, Linlithgowshire.

CRAIGIE, hamlet in Belhelvie parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a public school
with about 53 scholars.

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105

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CRAIGIE, hill in Leuchars parish,
Fife.

CRAIGIE, estate on the Tay, between
Dundee and Broughty - Ferry, Forfar-
shire.

CRAIGIE, lake, continuous with Loch
Loyal, in Sutherland.

CRAIGIEBARNS, hill, about 1000 feet
high, in northern vicinity of Dunkeld,
Perthshire. It has very striking and
diversified features, both natural and
artificial, and commands a rich, extensive
view.

CRAIGIEBURN, seat, with wooded
grounds, 2\ miles east of Moffat. It is
sung by both Burns and Hogg.

CRAIGIEHALL, estate on Almond river,
in Dalmeny parish. Linlithgowshire.

CRAIGIEHOW, hill in Avoch parish,
lloss-shire.

CRAIGIELANDS, modern village, adja-
cent to Beattock railway station, Dumfries-
shire. It has a post office under Moffat.

CRAIGIEVAR, mansion and hamlet in
Leochel parish, Aberdeenshire. The man-
sion is Craigievar Castle, a renovated old
structure, a seat of Sir William Forbes,
Bart. ; and the hamlet has a post office
under Aberdeen.

CRAIGIEVINEAN. See Craigvinean.
CRAIGINLENUE, mountain in Luss par-
ish, Dumbartonshire.

CRAIGLAND, burn on boundary of
Avoch parish, Ross-shire.

CRAIGLAW, seat in Kirkcowan parish,
Wigtonshire.

CRAIGLEA, slate quarry in Fowlis-
Wester parish, Perthshire.

CRAIGLEITH, great sandstone quarry
and new villa village, about 2 miles north-
west of Edinburgh.

CRAIGLEITH, islet, about a mile north
of North Berwick, Haddingtonshire.

CRAIGLIOCH, cliff, at romantic gorge of
Ericht river, 2 miles north of Blairgowrie,
Perthshire.

CRAIGLOCKHART, hill, seat, hydro-
pathic establishment, and Established
church, about 2 miles south-west of Edin-
burgh. The hill is wooded, partly basaltic,
and about 540 feet high. The hydropathic
establishment was opened in 1880, cost
about £45,000, presents a frontage of 280
feet to the west, and has fully 13 acres of
recreation grounds. The church was in
course of erection in the same year, and
serves for Slateford and Gorgie districts.

CRAIGLOCKHART, ruined strong lofty
tower, on Mouse rivulet, near Lanark.

CRAIGLUG, hill in Creich parish,
Fife.

CRAIGLUSCAR, hill, 2^ miles north-
west of Dunfermline, Fife.

CRAIGLUSH, lake in course of Lunan
river, in Caputh parish, Perthshire.

CRAIGMADDIE, estate, with modern
mansion, fragment of ancient castle, and
group of memorial cairns, 2£ miles north-
east of Milngavie, south border of Stirling-
shire.

CRAIGMARK, village in Dalmellington
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 383.

CRAIGMARLOCH, village on the Kelvin,
at boundary between Kilsyth and Cum-
bernauld.

CRAIGMILE, seat near Kincardine
O'Neil, Aberdeenshire.

CRAIGMILL, village at south base of
Abbey-Craig, near Stirling.

CRAIGMILL, place in Rattray parish,
Perthshire. It has a public school with
about 79 scholars.

CRAIGMILLAR, ruined grand castle, 2|
miles south-east of Edinburgh. It dates
from unknown times ; belonged for many
ages to private parties ; was the prison
of a brother of James ill., and. the
residence of James v. in his minority;
became the chief country retreat of Queen
Mary ; and now, as a ruin, is large, strong,
well preserved, and strikingly pictur-
esque.

CRAIGMON, mountain on north side of
Loch Miulie,in Grlenfarrar, Inverness-shire.

CRAIGMONY, prominent rocky hill in
Urquhart parish, Inverness-shire.

CRAIGMORE, seat near Ascog, Isle of
Bute.

CRAIGMORE, mountain, 2306 feet high,
14 miles north-north-east of Lairg, Suther-
land.

CRAIGMORE, precipitous hill, flanking
part of Aberfoyle vale, in Aberfoyle par-
ish, Perthshire.

CRAIG-NA-COHELIG, great mural crag
at side of Loch Lubnaig, Perthshire.

CRAIG -NA-FEILE, insulated natural
pillar, looking like a statue, near Loch
Staffin, Isle of Skye.

CRAIGNAIR, hill, with granite quarry,
in Buittle parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CRAIGNEIL, ruined ancient fortalice,
believed to have been a retreat of King
Robert Bruce, in Colmonell parish, Ayr-
shire.

CRAIGNETHAN, ruined ancient castle,
on Nethan river, about a mile from the
Clyde, in Lesmahagow parish, Lanarkshire.
It was built by an ancestor of the Duke of
Hamilton; figured long as both a noble
residence and a strong fort ; is said to
have been inhabited by Queen Mary for
several days, on the eve of the battle of
Langside ; suffered removal of most of its
walls for erection of neighbouring build-
ings ; and, as depicted by his imagination,
was Sir Walter Scott's ' Tillietudlem
Castle ' in his Old Mortality.

CRAIGNEUK, town, about £ mile east of
Motherwell, Lanarkshire. It has a public
school with about 450 scholars, and is near
an excellent flagstone quarry.

CRAIGNISDALE, hill in Kilmuir parish,
Isle of Skye. It is partly precipi-
tous and basaltic, has a height of about
1000 feet, and is crowned by the Quir-
aing.

CRAIGNISH, sea-loch and parish in Lorn
district, Argyleshire. The loch opens from
lower part of Loch Crinan ; extends 6 miles

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106

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to the north-east ; has a width of from 3 miles
at the mouth to 7 furlongs near the head ;
and is sprinkled with numerous islands,
islets, and rocks. The parish comprises a
peninsula, widening from a point to 2j
miles between the loch and Jura Sound ;
extends thence to a total length of about
11 miles ; and has an average breadth of
about 2 miles. Its post town is Crinan,
under Lochgilphead. Real property in
1880-81, £3950. Pop. 451. The surface
is partly flat, partly rugged, and partly an
assemblage of moors and hills, with ex-
treme altitude of about 700 feet.# The
seats are Barbreck, Dail, and Craignish
Castle, the last variously ancient and
modern, notable for resisting a long siege
by Colkitto ; and the antiquities include
vestiges of eleven Scandinavian forts and
remains of two religious houses. The
church contains 500 sittings, and the public
school has about 71 scholars.

CRAIGNISTON, hill and burn in Fordoun
parish, Kincardineshire.

CRAIGNURE, small bay and hamlet on
east side of Mull Island, Argyleshire.
The bay goes inward from Duart Castle ;
and the hamlet lies near its head, and
has a post office under Oban, an inn, and a
church.

CRAIGO, village and seat on the North
Esk, 21j miles north-east of Forfar. The
village is a seat of manufacture, and has a
railway station, and a public school with
about 110 scholars. Pop. 124.

CRAIGOBNEY, hill in Auchtergaven
parish, Perthshire.

CRAIGOCH, burn in Portpatrick parish,
"Wigtonshire.

CRAIGOWL, hill, 1100 feet high, in
Tealing parish, Forfarshire. It is one of
the loftiest of the Sidlaws.

CRAIG-PHADRICK, hill, 1150 feet high,
2 miles west of Inverness. It commences
the north-west hill-flank of the Great
Glen ; has wooded acclivities, rocky escarp-
ments, and a tabular summit ; is crowned
by a large, oblong, double-walled vit-
rified fort ; and commands an extensive
view.

CRAIGROSSIE, mountain, culminating
4 miles east-south-east of Auchterarder,
Perthshire. It has a height of 2359 feet
above sea-level, and is one of the most pro-
minent of the Ochils.

CRAIGROTHIE, village, 2 miles west of
Ceres, Fife.

CRAIGROWNIE, quoad sacra parish, with
church between Kilcreggan and Cove, on
Roseneath peninsula, Dumbartonshire.
Pop. 1136.

CRAIGROYSTON, cave on east side of
Loch Lomond, 1| mile north of Inversnaid.
It is said to have given shelter to King
Robert Bruce, and to have been used by
Rob Roy for holding council with his sub-
alterns ; and it is often called Rob Roy's
Cave.

CRAIGS, village at boundary between
Polinont and Muiravonside parishes,

Stirlingshire. Pop. with Compthall and
Rumford, 314.

CRAIGS, place near Old Kilpatrick,
Dumbartonshire. It has a United Presby-
terian church.

CRAIGS, estate in "YVesterkirk parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CRAIGSIMMY, hill in Creich parish, Fife.

CRAIGS OF KYLE. See Coylton.

CRAIGSPARROW, hill in Newburgh
parish, Fife.

CRAIGSTON, castellated seat in King-
Edward parish, Aberdeenshire.

CRAIGSTON, place in Barra parish,
Outer Hebrides. It has a public school
with about 56 scholars.

CRAIGTHORNHILL, seat in Glassford
parish, Lanarkshire.

CRAIGTON, village in Monikie parish,
Forfarshire. It has a post office under
Carnoustie.

CRAIGTON, place within Peterhead
burgh, Aberdeenshire. It has a public
school with about 142 scholars.

CRAIGTON, place in New Kilpatrick
parish, Dumbartonshire. It has a public
school with about 56 scholars.

CRAIGTON, seat near the railway, west
of Pollockshields, Renfrewshire.

CRAIGTON, estate in Abercorn parish,
Linlithgowshire.

CRAIGTURRAH, acclivitous hill in
Tynron parish, Dumfriesshire.

CRAIGVINEAN, long rugged wooded
hill-ridge in Little Dunkeld parish, Perth-
shire. It figures prominently in the grand
scenery around Dunkeld, and commands
extensive views.

CRAIKMOOR, hill in Roberton parish,
Roxburghshire.

CRAIL, town and parish in south-east
corner of Fife. The town stands on the
coast, 4 miles east-north-east of An-
struther ; is a seaport and a royal burgh,
uniting with St. Andrews and 5 other Fife
burghs in sending a member to Parliament ;
had anciently a royal castle, inhabited by
David I. ; retains in many of its houses an
antique aspect ; contains an ancient fine
Gothic church, famous as the place where
John Knox preached the sermon which
created the popular rush against the
monasteries ; figures more in fisheries than
in commerce or manufactures ; and has a
post office with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Fifeshire, a
banking office, a public library, some ruins of
an ancient priory, a Free church, a United
Presbyterian church, and 2 public schools
with about 263 scholars. Real property in
1880-81, £3441. Pop. 1145.— The parish
includes Fifeness, has about 4 miles of
coast, and measures 6 miles in length, and
about 2| miles in extreme breadth. Acres,
6383. Real property of landward part in
1880-81, £11,766. Pop. of the whole, 1752.
The coast is mostly bold and rocky ; and the
interior rises abruptly thence to elevations
of from 20 to 80 feet, swells gradually
thence to the west, and has a prevailingly

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flat and naked appearance. The seats are
Airdrie, Kingsmuir, Kirkmay, Wormi-
stone, and Balcomie ; and a curious object
is a dry-stone dyke about ^ mile in length,
enclosing a triangular space at Fifeness,
and traditionally alleged to have been con-
structed by the Danes.

CRAILING, village and parish' in north
centre of Roxburghshire. The village
stands on Oxnam rivulet, 4 miles north-
east of Jedburgh, and has a post office
under Kelso, a parochial church, a Free
church, and a public school with about
71 scholars. — The parish contains also
the village and railway station of Nisbet,
is bisected by the Teviot, and measures
about 4 by 3f miles. Acres, 9997. Real
property in 1880-81, £10,156. Pop. 638.
The land is mostly fine valley, rising gently
from both sides of the Teviot, but includes
Penielheugh Hill, with its surmounting
conspicuous monument. The chief re-
sidences are Crailing House and the Mar-
quis of Lothian's seat of Mounteviot.

CRAILSTON, seat in Newhills parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CRAMMAG, headland in Kirkmaiden
parish, Wigtonshire.

CRAMOND, village and island in
Edinburghshire, and parish partly also in
Linlithgowshire. The village stands on
the coast at mouth of Almond river, 5|
miles west-north-west of Edinburgh ; oc-
cupies the site of a Roman station ; and
has a post office under Cramond-Bridge,
a small harbour, ' a cruciform parochial
church of 1656, a burying-ground in which
an ancient Runic ring was recently found,
and a public school with about 95 scholars.
Pop. 952. — The island lies -f mile north-
north-east of the village, is accessible on
foot at low water, comprises about 19 acres,
and is pastured by sheep. — The parish con-
tains also Granton, Davidson's Mains, and
Wardie villages, Cramond-Bridge hamlet,
and small part of Leith burgh. Its length
is 6 miles ; its greatest breadth 2 miles ;
its area 4747 acres in Edinburghshire, and
530 in Linlithgowshire. Real property
in 1880-81, £38,870 and £969. Pop. 2877
and 84. The Almond runs between the
Edinburghshire and the Linlithgowshire
sections, and has here finely embellished
banks. The land includes part of Corstor-
phine Hill, is elsewhere either flat or
undulating, possesses a large aggregate of
wood, and presents on the whole a very
rich appearance. Ironstone and coal are
found, and iron is forged at works on the
Almond. Chief residences are Barnton
House, Cramond House, Caroline Park,
Lauriston Castle, Craigcrook, New Saugh-
ton, Braehead, and numerous other
mansions and villas. An Established
church is at Granton, and Free churches
are at Davidson's Mains and Wardie. 6
schools for 483 scholars are in the parish,
and 1 of them for 114 is new.

CRAMOND-BRIDGE, hamlet on Almond
river, 6 miles west-by-north of Edinburgh.

It has a post office designated of Mid-
lothian, and a hotel.

CRAMOND - REGIS, ancient hunting-
seat of the kings of Scotland, on ground
now occupied by Barnton House, in
Cramond parish, Edinburghshire.

CRANE, lake in Dunsyre parish, Lanark-
shire. It lies amid moors and marshes at
about 800 feet above sea-level.

CRANNICH, section of Weem parish, on
north-west side of Loch Tay, Perthshire.

CRANSHAW, hill in Houna*m parish,
Roxburghshire.

CRANSHAWS, parish on north border of
Berwickshire, with church 8 miles north-
west of Dunse. It has a post office under
Dunse. It consists of two sections lying
from f mile to 2\ miles apart ; it measures
nearly 6 miles from end to end ; and it
comprises 8708 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £2484. Pop. 106. The surface
lies all among the Lammermoors, has
summits from 1049 to 1522 feet high, and
includes only about 900 acres of cultivated
land. Cranshaws Castle is a modernized
ancient fortalice, and may have been the
' Ravens wood Castle ' of Sir Walter Scott's
Bride of Lammermoor. The public school
has about 56 scholars.

CRANSTON, parish, containing the post
office village of Cousland, the villages of
Preston, Chesterhill, and Sauchanside, and
part of the post office village of Ford, on
east border of Edinburghshire. Its length
is 5 miles ; its greatest breadth 3 miles ;
its area 5100 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £9178. Pop. 998. The surface
is uneven but not hilly, and presents a
cultivated, embellished, and beautiful
appearance. Coal, limestone, and sand-
stone abound. Chief objects are Oxen-
ford Castle and Prestonhall, the former a
seat of the Earl of Stair. The parochial
church is a handsome Gothic edifice of
1826 ; a United Presbyterian church is at
Ford ; and the public school has about 156
scholars. Cranston gave the peerage title
of baron to a family of its own name from
1609 till 1869.

CRANSTONHILL, eminence on right
bank of the Clyde, immediately above
Glasgow. It gave name to waterworks
constructed in 1806.

CRANYARD, hill in Kingoldrum parish,
Forfarshire.

CRASK, hill in Loth parish, Sutherland.

CRASPUL, lake in Durness parish,
Sutherland.

CRATHES, hamlet and mansion, 3 miles
east of Banchory, Kincardineshire. The
hamlet has a post office under Aberdeen,
a railway station, and a public school with
about 70 scholars. The mansion is the
seat of Sir Robert Burnett, Bart., and is a
castellated, stately ancient edifice, figuring
in the old ballad of the ' Baron o' Leys. '

CRATHIE, parish in extreme south-
west of Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office of its own name under Aberdeen,
and contains the villages of Auchendryne

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108

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and Castleton - Braemar, and the royal
seat of Balmoral Castle. Its length is 28
miles ; its greatest breadth 15 miles ; its
area 182,257 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £14,430. Pop., quoad civilia,
1611 ; quoad sacra, 735. The entire area
is the upper part of the basin of the Dee ;
the boundary all round, except on the east,
is an alpine watershed ; the section around
the Dee's sources includes a main portion
of Cairngorm Mountains ; and the rest of
the surface is an imposing assemblage of
lofty upland, picturesque crag, deep glen,
and ornate valley. Not less than about
10,500 acres are under wood. The seats,
besides Balmoral Castle, are Abergeldie,
Invercauld, Mar Lodge, and Corrymulzie
Cottage. The parochial church was built
in 1806, and contains about 900 sittings.
A Free church is near the parochial one ;
and Established, Free, and Roman Catho-
lic churches are in Castleton. 7 schools
are in the parish, and have accommodation
for 430 scholars.

CRATHIE, headland in Fordyce parish,
Banffshire.

GRAWFORD, village and parish in
southern extremity of Lanarkshire. The
village stands on the Clyde, 2 miles south-
east of Abington, and was once of some
importance, but has now a poor appear-
ance. The parish contains also Leadhills
town, and measures about 18 miles in
length and 14^ in greatest breadth. Acres,
65,407. Real property in 1880-81, £22,063.
Pop. , quoad civilia, 1763 ; quoad sacra,
698. The surface lies wholly among the
Southern Highlands ; includes main part
of the Lowther Mountains ; consists of
uplands with many intersecting vales ; and
has prevailingly a bleak and bare appear-
ance. An ancient estate, comprehending
all the parish, gave to the family of
Lindsay in 1398 the title of earl, now
borne jointly with that of Earl of Bal-
carres. Crawford Castle, now a ruin,
called Tower Lindsay, stands on the
Clyde, opposite Crawford village ; and
either it, or a previous structure on the
same site, is said to have been the scene
of a notable exploit by Sir William Wal-
lace. Newton House is the only modern
mansion. The parochial church is at
Crawford village, and a quoad sacra parish
church is at Leadhills. 3 schools for 168
scholars are in the parish, and 1 of them
and an enlargement for 85 are new.

CRAWFORDJOHN, village and parish in
upper ward of Lanarkshire. The village
stands on Duncaton rivulet, 3f miles from
its influx to the Clyde, and has a post
office under Abington, a parochial church
with 310 sittings, and a public school with
about 72 scholars. The parish contains
also Abington village, and measures 11
miles in length and about 9 miles in
greatest breadth. Area, 26,357 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £11,088. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 843; quoad sacra, 836.
The surface comprises about 3200 acres of

arable land, but is chiefly pastoral upland,
and includes part of Cairntable Mountain.
A feudal tower stands at Snar, and vestiges
of a great camp are on Netherton Hill. A
Free church is at Abington ; and 4 schools
with accommodation for 220 scholars are
within the parish.

CRAWFORD PRIORY, modern Gothic
castellated seat of the Earl of Glasgow,
2 miles south-west of Cupar, Fife. It was
built in 1813, and enlarged in 1871, and
has a spired tower 115 feet high.

CRAWFURDLAND, castellated seat,
partly ancient and partly modern, 2f
miles east of Kilmaurs, Ayrshire.

CRAWFURDSBURN. See Cartsburn.

CRAWHILL, seat in Torphichen parish,
Linlithgowshire.

CRAWICK, rivulet, running about 9
miles south-westward to the Nitb, near
Sanquhar, Dumfriesshire.

CRA WICK-BRIDGE, hamlet in Sanquhar
parish, Dumfriesshire.

CRAWICK-MILL, suburb of Sanquhar
burgh, Dumfriesshire.

CRAWLEY, copious spring and Edin-
burgh waterworks, among the Pentlands,
about 3 miles north-west of Penicuick,
Edinburghshire.

CRAWTON, fishing village 4 miles south
of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire.

CRAY, place, with Free church, in
Blairgowrie parish, Perthshire.

CRAYINCH, island, \ mile north-east of
Inchmurrin, Loch Lomond.

CREACHBEN, mountain, 2344 feet high,
in south-east of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

CREACHBEN, lofty mountain in Sunart
district, Argyleshire.

CREAGACH, headland on south side of
Laggan Bay, Islay Island, Argyleshire.

CREAGARRY, place in North Uist,
Outer Hebrides. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Lochmaddy.

CREANWALL, two islets in Barra parish,
Outer Hebrides.

CREE, river, rising in Ayrshire, running
chiefly between Kirkcudbrightshire and
Wigtonshire, expanding there into a
narrow lake nearly 3 miles long, forming
a long narrow estuary below Newton-
Stewart, achieving a total course of about 25
miles, and entering the head of WigtonBay.

CREEBRIDGE, village on Cree river, in
Minnigaff parish, Kirkcudbrightshire. It
has a public school with about 134 scholars.

CREED, rivulet, running eastward to
Loch Stornoway, in Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CREETOWN, seaport village on Cree
estuary, 7^ miles south-south-east of New-
ton-Stewart. It dates chiefly from 1785,
presents a pleasing intermixture of houses
and gardens, and has a post office with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Kirkcudbrightshire, a railway
station, an inn, a town hall, an Established
church, a United Presbyterian church, and
a public school with about 76 scholars.
Pop. 973.

CRE 109

CREGGAN, ferry on Loch Fyne, at
Strachur, Argyleshire.

CREICH, parish, averagely about 4
miles north-west of Cupar, Fife. It
contains the post office villages of Brunton
and Luthrie, and comprises 2341 acres.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £4069. Pop.
386. The land is chiefly an assemblage
of hills, varying in bulk and form, and
nowhere higher than 550 feet above sea-
level. Creich Castle, the ancient residence
of the Bethunes, is now a ruin ; and Par-
broath Castle is now represented by only
part of an arch. The parochial church
stands at Luthrie, and there is a Free
church for Creich and Flisk. The public
school has accommodation for 79 scholars.

CREICH, place in Kilfinichen parish,
Mull Island, Argyleshire. It has a public
school with about 120 scholars.

CREICH, Sutherland. See Ceiech.

CREID. See Ceeed.

CREIGH, hill in Lintrathen parish,
Forfarshire.

CREIGRIABHACH, mountain - range in
Durness parish, Sutherland.

CRERAN, rivulet and sea-loch in north
of Argyleshire. The rivulet runs about 12
miles west -south-westward to the loch's
head, and forms, in its lower reach, the
lake of Fasnacloich. The loch strikes 10
miles west-south-westward and westward
to Loch Linnhe, opposite Lismore Island ;
has nowhere a greater breadth than
mile ; and is crossed in its lower part by a
ferry, on the line of road from Oban to
Fort- William.

CRIANLARICH, place at meeting-point
of Glendochart, Strathfillan, and Glenfal-
loch, in Killin parish, Perthshire. It has
a railway station, a post office under Stir-
ling, and a hotel.

CRIBHOPE, small vale in Hounam par-
ish, Roxburghshire.

CRIBLAW, hill in Roberton parish, Rox-
burghshire.

CRICHIE, village, now better known as
Steuartfield, in Old Deer parish, Aber-
deenshire.

CRICHIE, hill near Inverury, Aberdeen-
shire. It has traces of an ancient camp,
and it figures in the history of King
Robert Bruce.

CRICHTON, village and parish on east-
ern border of Edinburghshire. The village
stands 2 miles north-east of Fushiebridge
railway station, and has a cruciform church
of 1449, and a public school with about
205 scholars. — The parish contains also the
village of Pathhead, part of the post
office village of Ford, and part of the
village of Fala-Dam. Its length is 5|
miles ; its greatest breadth 4|- miles ; its
area 4821 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£8754. Pop. 1094. The surface is a
continuous series of hill and dale, of such
average character that about five-sixths of
it are arable. Limestone is extensively
worked. Crichton Castle was founded
by Sir William Crichton, Chancellor of

cm

Scotland in the time of James II ; made
resistance to the Douglases, and gave
entertainments to Queen Mary ; is now
a massive ruin with very striking architec-
tural features ; and was graphically de-
picted by Sir Walter Scott in his Marmion.
A rising ground with extensive view has
distinct vestiges of a Roman camp. A
Free church is at Pathhead, and a United
Presbyterian church is at Ford.

CRICHUP, waterfall, with leap of 85
feet, 4|- miles north-east of Thornhill,
Dumfriesshire. The fall occurs on a
brook within a deep, dark, cavernous
chasm, of character depicted by Sir Walter
Scott in his Old Mortality as the haunt of
Balfour of Burley.

CRIECH, parish, containing the post
office village of Bonar-Bridge, in south of
Sutherland. It extends from Benmore-
Assynt to within 2J miles of Dornoch, and
is 28 miles long, but nowhere more than 9
miles broad. Real property in 1880-81,
£10,584. Pop. 2223. The surface is
mostly hilly or mountainous ; and only
about one-thirtieth of it is under cultiva-
tion. Chief seats are Rosehall and Ospis-
dale ; and chief antiquities are a vitrified
fort on Criech Hill, and numerous tumuli
on a supposed great battlefield about the
year 1100 at Drinieah. The churches are
1 Established and 2 Free. There are 4
schools for 385 scholars, and 2 of them and
an enlargement for 241 are new.

CRIEFF, town and parish in Strath earn
district, Perthshire. The town stands on
left bank of the Earn, 17| miles west-
south-west of Perth, and has a small
suburb within Muthill parish, on the right
bank. It dates from at least the early
part of 13th century ; made a conspicuous
figure in the feudal times ; and was long
the seat of both the civil and the criminal
courts of the Stewards of Strathearn. It
has charming environs ; stands chiefly on
the face of a brae overhung by a wooded
hill ; comprises 3 main streets diverging
from a central square ; has undergone
recent great extension and improvement ;
commands delightful views over a wide
extent of picturesque country ; and attracts
great numbers of tourists, summer visitors,
and invalids. It has a head post office
with all departments, railway communica-
tion toward both Perth and Stirling, 4
banking offices, 2 hotels, a town hall, a
large and costly hydropathic establish-
ment erected in 1866 and enlarged in 1879,
a drainage system constructed in 1877,
several public libraries, 2 Established
churches, Free and United Presbyterian
churches, an elegant Episcopalian church
of 1877, Congregational, Baptist, and
Roman Catholic chapels, and 2 great public
schools. A new East parish church was
projected in 1881 ; and a railway to Comrie,
probably with continuation to Lochearn-
head, was projected in 1880. Pop. of the
town, 4579. — The parish consists of 4
sections, all detached from one another,

CRT

110

CRO

and comprises 20,385 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £29,805. Pop., quoad civilia,
4852 ; quoad sacra, 2864. The section con-
taining the town measures about 4 miles
by 3, contains no higher ground than the
wooded hill called the Knock of Crieff,
and exhibits the beauty and luxuriance
which so extensively prevail on the low
grounds of Strathearn. Two other sections,
Callander and Achalhanzie, lie in the low
country, but are of small extent. The
fourth section, comprising Corriemucklock
and the greater part of Glenalmond, lies
north of Monzie parish, and is mostly
highland, or even alpine, romantic, and
wild. Both the seats and the interesting
natural objects are numerous. 4 schools
for 848 scholars are in the parish, and an
enlargement of 1 of them for 345 is new.

CRIEFF JUNCTION, railway station, 11J
miles south-east of Crieff, Perthshire.

CRIEFF (WEST), quoad sacra parish,
with church, in Crieff town, Perthshire.
Pop. 2114.

CRIEVE, hill in Tundergarth parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CRIFFEL, mountain, about 6 miles long
and 1830 feet high, culminating at 10
miles south of Dumfries, overhanging
right side of the Nith's influx to Solway
Firth, and commanding an extensive view.

CRIMELS, place on coast of Eyemouth
parish, Berwickshire.

CRIMOND, parish on coast of Buchan,
midway between Peterhead and Fraser-
burgh, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office of its own name under Peterhead.
Its length is about 5J miles ; its greatest
breadth about 3J miles ; its area 5892
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £5998.
Pop., quoad civilia, 832; quoad sacra, 810.
The coast includes Rattray Head, is mostly
a broad belt of flat beach and sandy hills,
and rises thence abruptly to a height of
about 200 feet : and the interior first
descends gradually from that height, and
then ascends gently to the south and the
south-west. Excellent building stone is
quarried. The church is modern, and con-
tains 500 sittings ; and the public school
has about 139 scholars.

CRIMONDMOGATE, seat of Sir George
Bannerman, Bart., in Lonmay parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CRINAN, seaport village, sea-loch, and
canal in Argyleshire. The village stands
on upper part of the loch, 9 miles west-
north-west of Ardrishaig, and has a post
office under Lochgilphead, a hotel, a
wharf, and a lighthouse. The loch ex-
tends 4| miles south-westward to Sound
of Jura, and is tame and narrow at the
head, but very picturesque lower down,
and 3 miles wide at the mouth. The
canal goes from the -village on the loch to
vicinity of Ardrishaig on Loch Gilp ; was
formed in 1793-1801, and much improved
at successive times ; and conveys vessels
of less than 200 tons burden direct from
Greenock to the Western seas.

CRINGLETIE, seat, 3£ miles north of
Peebles.

CRIOMABHAL, hill, 1500 feet high, on
north side of Loch Resort, in Lewis,
Outer Hebrides.

CROACHY, place, with Episcopalian
chapel, in Daviot parish, Inverness-shire.

CROCKETFORD, village, 10 miles north-
east of Castle-Douglas, Kirkcudbright-
shire. It has a post office under Dumfries,
and a public school with about 70 scholars.

CROE, short river, running impetuously
to east end of Loch Duich, Ross-shire.

CROFTDYKE, suburb of Ceres, in Fife.

CROFTHEAD, town, 3f miles south-west
of Whitburn, Linlithgowshire. It stands
amid a bleak, moorish mineral field, is of
recent origin, consists of Crofthead-Pro-
per and Fauldhouse, and has a post office
of Fauldhouse, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of Lin-
lithgowshire, railway stations of Crofthead
and Fauldhouse, a banking office, and
Established, Free, and Roman Catholic
churches. Pop. of Crofthead-Proper and
Fauldhouse, 3000.

CROFTHEAD, village, | mile south-west
of Neilston, Renfrewshire. It had a
cotton factory so early as 1792, and was
the terminus of Glasgow and Neilston
Railway till formation of the continued
line thence to Kilmarnock. Pop. with
Levernbank, 609.

CROFTHEAD, place, with cave, in Kirk-
mahoe parish, Dumfriesshire.

CROFTINLOAN, seat, between Pitlochrie
and Moulinearn, Perthshire.

CROFTON, seat near Lanark.

CROFTS, estate in Carmylie parish,
Forfarshire.

CROFTS, place, with interesting oval
camp, in Crossmichael parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

CROGLIN, craggy precipitous hill in
Tynron parish, Dumfriesshire.

CROGO, hamlet in Balmaclellan parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

CROICK, quoad sacra parish within Kin-
cardine quoad civilia parish, Ross-shire.
Its church stands in a sequestered vale,
about 12 miles from Bonar-Bridge. The
public school has about 20 scholars. Pop.
194.

CROKACH, lake, 2J miles north of
Lochinver, Sutherland.

CROMALT, hills, 12 miles south of
Assynt church, Sutherland.

CROMAR, section of Mar district, Aber-
deenshire. It comprehends Coull, Tar-
land, Migvie, Logie-Coldstone, and part
of Tulloch parishes, and has a Free
church.

CROMARTY, town and parish in Cro-
martyshire, and firth partly also in Ross-
shire. The town stands on fine bay, on
south side of the firth, near the firth's
mouth, 21^ miles north-north-east of In-
verness ; is a seaport and a parliamentary
burgh, uniting with Dingwall, Tain, Dor-
noch, Wick, and Kirkwall in sending a

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member to Parliament ; adjoins Cromarty
Hill, the scene of a victory of Sir William
Wallace, with magnificent view ; figures as
the seat of the thaneship of Macbeth, and
as the birth-place of Hugh Miller ; consists
of close irregular streets ; and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Cromartyshire,
2 banking offices, 2 hotels, an obeliskal
monument to Hugh Miller, 2 Established
churches, a Free church, and a public school
with about 200 scholars. Real property in
1880-81, £1905. Pop. 1352.— The parish is
7 miles long, and from 1 to 4 miles broad.
Real property in 1880-81, £5447. Pop. 2009.
The coast on Moray Firth is abrupt, precipit-
ous, and lofty, but on Cromarty Firth is low;
and the interior, as seen from the north,
presents a bold high outline, rising toward
the lofty eastern coast and declining in
long ridge toward the west. Cromarty
House is a chief residence. 3 schools for
186 scholars were formerly in the parish,
but gave place to 2 new ones for 370. — The
firth is the estuary of Conan river ; com-
mences near Dingwall ; goes curvingly
north-eastward to Moray Firth ; measures
about 20 miles in length, and mostly from
1| to 2|- miles in breadth ; makes a north-
ward expansion in its lower part to the
extent of 6 miles by 4 ; and terminates in
a narrow mouth between two bold pro-
montories, called the butors of Cromarty.

CROMARTYSHIRE, county, comprehend-
ing Ardmeanach, Coigach, most of north-
ern acclivity of Strathpeffer, and several
small tracts, all detached from one another,
some of them at wide distances, the whole
so interspersed with Ross-shire as to be
identified for almost every practical pur-
pose with that county .

CROMBIE, small headland, harbour,
village, and estate, in old parish now
united to Torryburn, in Fife.

CROMBIE, old castle, now of three
storeys, but formerly much higher, in
Marnoch parish, Banffshire.

CROMBIE, burn in Kingoldrum parish,
Forfarshire.

CROMDALE, parish containing Gran-
town, and intersected by the Spey, in
Elginshire. Part of it, prior to 1870, was
in Inverness-shire. It has a post office of its
own name designated of Morayshire, and a
railway station. Its length is 17 miles ; its
extreme breadth 10 miles. Real property
in 1880-81, £11,926. Pop., quoad civilia,
3642 ; quoad sacra, 1145. Low grounds
lie adjacent to the Spey ; sloping wooded
hills rise on the north ; and the moun-
tain range called Cromdale Hill occupies
the south. The low grounds, known and
sung as the Haughs of Cromdale, were the
scene of a famous skirmish in 1690. The
only mansion is Castle-Grant, a seat of the
Earl of Seafield ; and the chief antiquities
are the ruined castles of Muckerach and
Lochindorb. The churches are 2 Es-
tablished, a Free, and a Baptist. There
are 7 schools for 802 scholars, and 3 of

them and an enlargement for 350 are new.
A suspension passenger bridge was erected
in 1881.

CROMLIX, place, with 2 mineral springs,
If mile north of Dunblane, Perthshire.

CROMORE, harbour in mouth of Loch
Erisort,east coast of Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CROMWELL PARK, village on Almond
river, in Redgorton parish, Perthshire.

CROMWELL'S MOUNT, small mound in
Broxmouth Park, near Dunbar, Hadding-
tonshire. Oliver Cromwell stood on it
when directing the advance to the battle
of Dunbar.

CRONA, flat islet, adjoining Oldney, in
Assynt parish, Sutherland.

CRONBERRY, village in Auchinleck
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 799.

CROOK, hamlet in Alves parish, Elgin-
shire.

CROOK, place on the Tweed, 15 miles
south-west of Peebles. It has a post office
under Biggar, and an inn.

CROOK, affluent of the North Esk, in
Forfarshire.

CROOKEDHOLM, suburb of Hurlford,
Ayrshire. It has a large spinning-mill,
and a large public school. Pop. 657.

CROOKHOLM, seat in Canonbie parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CROOK OF DEVON, small ancient village,
with railway station, contiguous to sharp
turn of the river Devon, 6 miles west of
Kinross.

CROOKSTON, ruined castle, 3 miles
south-east of Paisley, Renfrewshix-e. It
belonged to the Lennox branch of the
Stewarts, and is believed to have been the
scene of Lord Darnley's betrothment to
Queen Mary.

CROOKSTON, seat on the Gala, 5J miles
north-north-west of Stow, Edinburghshire.

CROSBY, ancient chapelry in Monkton
parish, Ayrshire. Its burying-ground and
remains of its church still exist.

CROSS, quoad sacra parish within
Barvas quoad civilia parish in Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. It has 2 churches, Es-
tablished and Free. Pop. 2725.

CROSS, affluent of Luce river, Wigton-
shire.

CROSSAIG, rivulet and seat in Saddell
parish, Kintyre, Argyleshire.

CROSS AND BURNESS, parish in north
of Orkney. It comprehends the south-
western and north-western limbs of Sanday
Island and all North Ronaldshay. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1677 ; quoad sacra, 1130.
Churches are in both Sanday and North
Ronaldshay, and public schools are in both
Cross and Burness.

CROSS ARTHURLEE, suburb of Barr-
head, in Renfrewshire.

CROSSBANK, seat near Crossford,
Lanarkshire.

CROSSBASKET, seat in East Kilbride
parish, Lanarkshire.

CROSSBOST, place in Lochs parish,Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. It has a post office under
Stornoway, and a Free church of 1882.

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112

CRO

CROSSBURN, seat in Douglas parish,
Lanarkshire.

CROSSCHAIN, rising ground, historically
connected with Soutra ancient hospital,
and situated near it in the south-western
extremity of Haddingtonshire.

CROSSCROIN, hill in Culter parish,
Lanarkshire.

CROSSDARDAR, hill, with large cairn,
in Birse parish, Aberdeenshire.

CROSSFORD, village on left side of the
Clyde, 4f miles north-west of Lanark. It
has a post office under Lanark, a Free
church, a United Presbyterian church, and
a public school with about 129 scholars.
Pop. 816.

CROSSFORD, village, 1| mile west of
Dunfermline, Fife. It has a public school
with about 52 scholars. Pop. 282.

CROSSFORD, place in Glencairn parish,
Dumfriesshire. It has a public school with
about 50 scholars.

CROSSGATES, town, 3J miles east-north-
east of Dunfermline, Fife. It has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Fifeshire, a rail-
way station, waterworks of 1874, a United
Presbyterian church, and a public school
with about 138 scholars. Pop. 932.

CROSSGATES, hamlet in Cults parish,
Fife.

CROSSHALL, collier village, 2\ miles
south-south-east of Falkirk, Stirlingshire.

CROSSHALL, sculptured ancient monu-
ment in Eccles parish, Berwickshire.

CROSSHANDS, place, with public school,
in Mauchline parish, Ayrshire.

CROSSHILL, suburb, 2 miles south of
Royal Exchange, Glasgow. It adjoins tbe
Queen's Park, and communicates by tram-
way with the city ; it arose in recent
years around the site of a small old village,
and became a police burgh in 1871 ; it
comprises both irregular thoroughfares
and fine rows of villas ; it contains 2
public halls, opened in respectively No-
vember 1876 and December 1879 ; and it
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Glasgow,
and 3 handsome churches, Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian. Pop. 2960.

CROSSHILL, village and quoad sacra
parish in Carrick district, Ayrshire. The
village stands on Girvan river, 3 miles
south-west of Maybole, presents a neat
appearance, and has a post office, with
money order department, under Maybole,
Established and Free churches, and 2
public schools with about 222 scholars.
Pop. 740. The quoad sacra parish has a
public school also at Hillside. Pop. 1285.

CROSSHILL, north-west section of Old
Monkland parish, Lanarkshire. It con-
tains a village of its own name, the town
of Baillieston, and the villages of Swinton,
West Marystown, Barachnie, and Craig-
end.

CROSSHILL, place in Avondale parish,
Lanarkshire. It has a public school with
about 256 scholars.

CROSSHILL, hamlet in East Kilbride
parish, Lanarkshire.

CROSSHILL, eminence, with fine view,
near Bishopton, in Erskine parish, Ren-
frewshire.

CROSSHOUSE, village, with railway
station, If mile north-west of Kilmarnock,
Ayrshire. It has a quoad sacra parochial
church of 1882. Pop. 631.

CROSSLEE, village, 7 miles north-west
of Paisley, Renfrewshire. Pop. 406.

CROSSLEE, hamlet, 4 miles south of
Stow, Edinburghshire. It has a post
office under Stow.

CROSSMICHAEL, village and parish near
centre of Kirkcudbrightshire. The village
stands 4 miles west of Castle - Douglas,
presents a pleasant appearance, and has a
post office, designated of Kirkcudbright-
shire, a railway station, a parochial church
with about 650 sittings, and a public school
with about 65 scholars. — The parish con-
tains also Ringanwhey and Clarebrand,
includes an outskirt of Castle-Douglas, and
measures 5^ miles in length, and 4 miles in
greatest breadth. Acres, 9919. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £15,046. Pop., quoad
civilia, 1333; quoad sacra, 1260. The
river Dee traces the western boundary,
and the river Urr the eastern. The land
comprises extensive meadows adjacent to
the rivers, and a finely- diversified fertile
ridge between. Antiquities are numerous,
and include moats, an oval camp, and re-
mains of fortifications.

CROSSMOUNT, seat near Mount Alex-
ander, in Strathtummel, Perthshire.

CROSSMYLOOF, suburb, 2 miles south-
south-west of centre of Glasgow. It has a
post office under Glasgow. Pop. 1475.

CROSSPOL, bay in Coll Island, Argyle-
shire.

CROSSRAGUEL, extensive striking ruins
of abbey of 13th century, 2 miles south-
west of Maybole, Ayrshire.

CROSSRIDGE, hill in Carmichael parish,
Lanarkshire.

CROSSROADS, place in Riccarton parish,
Ayrshire. It has a public school with
about 65 scholars.

CROSSROADS, hamlet in Slamannan
parish, Stirlingshire.

CROSSROADS, place in Dreghorn parish,
Ayrshire. It has a public school with
about 120 scholars.

CROSSROADS, place, 3 miles from
Grange railway station, Banffshire. It
has a post office under Fochabers.

CROSS-STREET, suburb of Stornoway,
Outer Hebrides.

CROSSTON, hamlet in Aberlemno
parish, Forfarshire.

CROULIN. group of islets in Applecross
parish, Ross-shire.

CROVIE, fishing village in Gamrie parish,
Banffshire. Pop. 258.

CROY, parish in Nairnshire and Inver-
ness-shire. It has a post office of its own
name under Fort - George station. Its
length is about 21 miles, but is intersected

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113

CUL

by parts of 3 other parishes ; its greatest
breadth is 9 miles ; and its area is 11,528
acres in Nairnshire, and 11,251 acres in
Inverness-shire. Real property in 1880-81,
£3728 and £6775. Pop. 634 and 1075. Part
of the land is fine strath, traversed by
river Nairn ; and part is bleak naked moor,
including Culloden. The seats are Kil-
ravock, Leys, Holme, Cantray, and Dal-
cross ; and the antiquities include a great
group- of cairns and ancient Caledonian
stone circles. The churches are Estab-
lished and Free ; and there are 2 new
public schools for 220 scholars.

CROY, hamlet, with railway station, 11-
mile south-south-east of Kilsyth, and 10
miles west-south-west of Falkirk.

CRUACH, lofty mountain on western
border of Fortingal parish, Perthshire.

CRUACH-LUSSA, broad-based mountain,
1530 feet high, with extensive view, in
North Knapdale, Argyleshire.

CRUCIFIELD, hill, with ancient concen-
tric circles, in Unst Island, Shetland.

CRUCKIE, hill, with fine view, in Parton
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CRUDEN, fishing village and parish in
Buchan district, Aberdeenshire. The vil-
lage stands at mouth of rivulet of its own
name, on fine bay, 9 miles north-east-by-
east of Ellon, has a post office under Ellon,
and is sometimes called Ward. The parish
contains also the villages of Finnyfold and
Bullers-Buchan, and extends about 8^
miles along the coast, and about 7^ miles
inland. Acres, 18,236. Peal property in
1880-81, £16,073. Pop., quoad civilia,
3444 ; quoad sacra, 2835. The northern
half of the coast consists of lofty, precipi-
tous, fissured cliffs, and includes the Bul-
lers of Buchan ; and the southern part

rst opens into Cruden Bay, and then is

anked by a range of sunken rocks called
Scares. The interior is cut into two nearly
equal parts by Cruden rivulet ; and the
northern border has a great extent of bog.
Slains Castle, the seat of the Earl of
Errol, stands on the southern part of the
bold coast. The churches are Established,
Free, and Episcopalian, There are 6
schools for 501 scholars, and 1 of them
and an enlargement for 184 are new.

CRUDIE, place in Newbyth parish, Aber-
deenshire. It has a public school with
about 164 scholars.

CRUGGLETON, old parish, with head-
land and fragment of ancient castle, now
united to Sorbie, Wigtonshire.

CRUICK, rivulet, running about 12 miles
eastward to the North Esk, near Stricka-
throw, in Forfarshire.

CRUIKSFIELD, seat in Bunkle parish,
Berwickshire.

CRUMSTANE, hill, with large cairn, in
Langton parish, Berwickshire.

CRUTHERLAND, seat in Glassford par-
ish, Lanarkshire.

CRYSTON. See Chryston.

CUAN, narrow strait and ancient parish
in Argyleshire. The strait separates Seil

Island from Luing ; and the parish is now
part of Kilbrandon. But all Kilbrandon
is popularly called Cuan.

CUCHULLIN, great, stern, pinnacled
mountain-group, in extreme south of Skye
Island, Inverness-shire. They occupy an
area of about 45 square miles ; consist
chiefly of bare, dark hypersthene rock ;
are intersected by wild ravines ; and lift
their three highest summits to altitudes
of 3180, 3200, and 3220 feet.

CUCKOLD-LE-ROI. See Cockleroi.

CUEN, lake, with islets, in Kildonan
parish, Sutherland.

CUFFABOUTS, hamlet in Carriden par-
ish, Linlithgowshire.

CUIL, bay on north-west coast of Appin,
Argyleshire.

CUILHILL, village in Old Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire.

CUL, headland on west coast of Islay
Island, Argyleshire.

CULAG, rivulet, running to Loch Inver,
in Assynt parish, Sutherland.

CULAIRD, hamlet in Dores parish,
Inverness-shire.

CULARDACH, mountain, 2953 feet high,
6 miles north-north-east of Castleton-
Braemar, Aberdeenshire.

CULBEN, tract of about 9500 acres, on
coast westward from outlet of Findhorn
river, Elginshire. It was formerly very
fertile, but is now a sandy desert.

CULBLEAN, hill-range in Tullich section
of Glenmuick parish, Aberdeenshire. It
was the scene of a battle in 1335 between
the forces of King David Bruce and those
of the Earl of Athole.

CULBOCKIE, village in Urquhart parish,
Poss-shire. It has a post office under
Dingwall.

CULBURNIE, place in Kiltarlity parish,
Inverness-shire. It has a public school
with about 70 scholars.

CULCABOCK, village about a mile
south-east of Inverness.

CULCREUCH, seat in Fintry parish,
Stirlingshire.

CULDEES, seat in Muthill parish, Perth-
shire.

CULDUTHEL, village in Inverness par-
ish, and moor in Inverness and Croy par-
ishes, Inverness-shire. The village has a
post office under Inverness, and a public
school.

CULFARGIE, estate in Abernethy par-
ish, Perthshire.

CULFREICH, lake in Assynt parish,
Sutherland.

CULHORN, seat, 2 miles south-east of
Stranraer, Wigtonshire.

CULISH, place in Knockbain parish,
Ross-shire. It has a public school with
about 117 scholars.

CULKEIN, place in Assynt parish,
Sutherland. It has a public school with
about 87 scholars.

CULLALO, hill-range, a little south-east
of Cowdenbeath, in Fife. Nearly 750 feet
high, and its southern face is precipitous.

CUL

114

CUL

CULLEN, town and parish on coast of
Banffshire. The town stands at mouth of
rivulet of its own name, on crescent bay.
14 miles west-north-west of Banff ; was
mostly rebuilt on a new site subsequent to
1822 ; is a seaport and a royal burgh,
uniting with Banff, Elgin, Peterhead,
Inverury, and Kintore in sending a member
to Parliament ; presents a regular, well-
built appearance ; and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Fochabers, 2 banking offices,
a large hotel, a good harbour, Established,
Free, and Congregational churches, and 2
public schools with about 451 scholars.
Beal property in 1880-81, £3535. Pop.
2033. — The parish comprises 881 acres.
Beal property of landward part in 1880-81,
£1219. Pop. 2236. The land has a bold
rocky coast, includes Bin of Cullen Hill,
1048 feet high, is mostly rolling and pic-
turesque, and comprises Seafield estate,
giving the titles of viscount and earl to
the family of Ogilvy. Cullen House, a.
seat of the Earl, stands near the town.
Cullen rivulet comes in from Deskford,
and has a total run of about 7 miles.
There are 3 public schools for 542 scholars,
and 1 of them for 430 is new.

CULLEN, seat near Strathaven, Lanark-
shire.

CULLERLIE, estate in Echt parish,
Aberdeenshire. A public school is on it,
and has about 65 scholars.

CULLICUDDEN, ancient parish, now
forming western section of Besolis, in
Boss-shire. It has a post office, with money
order department, under Conan-Bridge, a
fragment of its ancient church, and a public
school with about 115 scholars.

CULLIN. See Cuchullin.

CULLISAID, lake in Tongue pariah,
Sutherland.

CULLIVOE, hamlet and bay in North
Yell, Shetland. The hamlet has a post
office under Lerwick, and the bay is a
tolerably good open roadstead.

CULLODEN, estate on north-east verge
of Inverness-shire. It has a railway station
3j miles east of Inverness, and gives name
to the famous battle of 1746. The mansion
on it belonged then to Lord President
Forbes, and was for several days the head-
quarters of Prince Charles Edward. Drum-
mossie Moor, where the battle was fought,
is 2 miles south-east of the railway station,
and has an obeliskal monument of 1850,
commemorative of the battle.

CULLOW, place where fairs are held,
near Kirriemuir, Forfarshire.

CULLYCAN, ravine on coast of Gamrie
parish, Banffshire.

CULM, hill in Boberton parish, Box-
burghshire.

CULMALLIE, ancient parish, now called
Golspie, in Sutherland.

CULNAGREIN, suburb or section of
Stornoway town, Outer Hebrides.

CULNOAG, place, with site of ancient
church, in Sorbie parish, Wigtonshire.

CULRAIN, hamlet on north verge of
Boss-shire, 3^ miles north-west-by-west of
Bonar-Bridge. It has a post office desig-
nated of Boss-shire, and a railway station.

CULROSS, town and parish in detached
district of Perthshire. The town stands
on face of a brae near Firth of Forth, 6
miles west of Dunfermline; has declined
from ancient importance to the condition
of a village ; ranks as a royal burgh,
uniting with Dunfermline, Inverkeithing,
Queensferry, and Stirling in sending a
member to Parliament ; was long famous
for hammermen, as noticed in Sir Walter
Scott's Heart of Midlothian; had an
ancient abbey, notable for extensive coal-
mining, and now represented by the reno-
vated choir, used as the parochial church ;
and has now a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Alloa, 2 inns, a Free church, and a public
school with about 112 scholars. Beal pro-
perty in 1880-81, £1583. Pop. 373.— The
parish contains also the villages of Blairburn
and Low Valleyfield, and measures about
4 miles in both length and breadth. Acres,
7584. Beal property in 1880-81, £7121.
Pop. 1130. The land rises abruptly from the
shore, and is mostly undulating, but attains
considerable elevation toward the north and
north-west. Coal mines were formerly
extensive, but are now nearly or quite ex-
hausted. Culross Abbey House was visited
by James VI., who called it 'a collier's
house,' and went from it to see the mines,
but took fright in them, and raised a cry
of treason ; and it was built in 1590 by
Lord Colville of Culross, and rebuilt by
Sir Bobert Preston. Other seats are
Castlehill, Blair Castle, and Valleyfield;
and the first occupies the site of Duna-
marle, a stronghold of the Macduffs, thanes
of Fife. An Episcopalian church of 1876
adjoins Castlehill.

CULROY, village, 3J miles north of May-
bole, Ayrshire.

CULS ALMOND, parish, averagely about
9 miles east-south-east of Huntly, Aber-
deenshire. It contains the post office of
Colpy, under Insch. Its length is about
4J miles ; its breadth about 3 miles ; its
area 6994 acres. Beal property in 1880-
81, £6416. Bop. 828. The surface is
bisected by the Ury, and, with exception
of two small hills, is level. The chief seat is
Newton ; and the chief antiquities are re-
mains of a Caledonian camp, vestiges of two
Caledonian stone circles, part of an ancient
highway, and an inscribed ancient stand-
ing-stone. The churches are Established,
Free, Congregational, and Episcopalian ;
and there are 2 schools with accommodation
for 213 scholars.

CULSH, hill, with extensive view, in
New Deer parish, Aberdeenshire.

CULSTERNESS, headland, with large
cave, in Delting parish, Shetland.

CULTER, village in upper ward of
Lanarkshire, and parish partly also in
Peeblesshire. The village stands on

CUL

115

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rivulet of its own name, about 2j miles
south-west of Biggar, and lias a post office
under Biggar, a railway station, Estab-
lished and Free churches, and a public
school with about 72 scholars. The parish
is about 7 miles long, and 4 miles broad,
and comprises 10,175 acres in Lanark-
shire, and 1708 in Peeblesshire. Beal
property in 1880-81, £6763 and £2142.
Pop. 428 and 146. The northern sec-
tion is. bounded by the Clyde, and is
either level or undulating ; and the
southern section rises abruptly into ver-
dant hills, and ascends rapidly into lofty
mountains. The rivulet Culter rises in
the extreme south, runs along the centre,
makes several fine cataracts and cascades,
and glides into the Clyde. The seats are
Culterallers, Cultermains, Birthwood,
Cornhill, and Hartree ; and the chief
antiquities are two moats and the site of a
Knight Templars' house.

CULTER, railway station, 7f miles west-
south-west of Aberdeen. Culter rivulet
enters the Dee in its vicinity, runs thither
from Skene parish, has picturesque banks,
and makes a fine waterfall. Culter House,
a little to the north-east, is a mansion
said to have been built in the time of
Queen Mary.

CULTERCULLEN, place near Ellon,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Aberdeen.

CULTER FELL,mountain, 2454 feet high,
4 miles south-south-east of Culter village,

^CULTOQUHEY, seat in Crieff parish,
Perthshire.

CULTS, parish, averagely 3| miles south-
west of Cupar, Fife. It contains the
villages of Pitleasie, Crossgates, Cults
Mill, Hospital Mill, and Walton, and
comprises 2924 acres. Beal property in
1880-81, £6438. Pop., quoad civilia, 704 ;
quoad sacra, 640. The land is hilly to-
ward the south and east, declines thence
or is flat toward the north, and is bounded
there by the river Eden. Crawford Priory,
a seat of the Earl of Glasgow, is a promi-
nent feature. The churches are Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian ; and the
public school has accommodation for 150
scholars.

CULTS, estate in Kinnethmont parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Aberdeen.

CULZEAN. See Colzean.

CUMBERNAULD, town and parish in
detached district of Dumbartonshire. The
town stands 13 miles north-west of Glas-
gow, is adjoined by the pleasure-grounds
of Cumbernauld House, and has a post
office under Glasgow, a railway station, a
large inn, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and 2 public schools
with about 299 scholars. Pop. 1064. —
The parish contains also the village of
Condorrat and the hamlet of Croy. Its
length is about 8 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 4 miles; its area 11,635

acres. Beal property in 1880-81, £25,190.
Pop., quoad civilia, 4270; quoad sacra,
inclusive of 81 in Falkirk parish, 4351.
The surface is mostly a fine diver-
sity of small hills and fertile dales, but
includes Fannyside Moor. Coal, lime,
ironstone, and sandstone are extensively
worked. Cumbernauld House is a chief
feature, but was almost destroyed by fire
in 1877. The antiquities are traces of
Antoninus' Wall and vestiges of a Bom an
road. An Established church is at Con-
dorrat. There are 3 schools for 767
scholars, and 2 of them for 520 are new.
Cumbernauld station is on the Caledonian
railway, and has also a post office under
Glasgow.

CUMBRAY, parish, consisting of Great
Cumbray Island, in Buteshire. The island
is separated from Ayrshire by a sound
1^ mile wide ; commences opposite Largs ;
measures 3J miles in length southwards,
with a breadth of about 2 miles ; comprises
2841 acres ; has a low fiat beach, steep
banks, and a hilly interior, with extreme
altitude of about 450 feet above sea-level ;
and contains on its south end the town
of Millport. Beal property in 1880-81,
£15,947. Bop. 1856, Established, Free,
and United Presbyterian churches, a
Baptist chapel, and a cathedrine Episco-
pal church are in Millport. There are
2 schools for 389 scholars, and 1 of them
for 325 is new.

CUMBRAY (LITTLE), island in West
Kilbride parish, but within Buteshire.
It lies fully a mile south-west of Great
Cumbray ; is about a mile long and
mile broad ; rises to a height of 420 feet
above sea-level ; had anciently a Culdee
cell, succeeded by a Bomish chapel ; and
has now a lighthouse of 1826, a disused
previous lighthouse, and a ruined ancient
watch tower. Pop. 23.

CUMBRIA, ancient kingdom, compre-
hending Strathclyde, Ayrshire, and Gal-
loway, and extending over the greater part
of Cumberland. It was formed about 508
by the Bomanized Caledonians, and be-
came part of the Scottish kingdom in the
latter part of 10th century. It gave origin
to the names Cumbray and Cumberland ;
but is often called by historians Strath cluyd
or Strathclyde.

CUMHILL, mountain in Coigach district,
Cromartyshire.

CUMINESTONE, village, 6 miles north-
west of New Deer, Aberdeenshire. It has
a post office, with money order depart-
ment, under Turriff, and an Episcopalian
chapel. Bop. 525.

CUMLODDEN, quoad sacra parish on
north-west side of upper part of Loch
Fyne, Argyleshire. It has a church with
309 sittings, and a public school. Pop.
890.

CUMLODEN, a seat of the Earl of Gal-
loway, in Minnigaff parish, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

CUMMERTREES, village and parish in

CUM

116

CUP

Annandale district, Dumfriesshire. The
village stands 3J miles west of Annan, and
has a post office under Annan, a railway-
station, a parochial church, and a public
school with about 100 scholars. — The par-
ish contains also the villages of Powfoot
and Kelhead. Its length is 5 miles ; its
greatest breadth 4 miles ; its area 9466
acres. Keal property in 1880-81, £9107.
Pop. , quoad civilia, 1094 ; quoad sacra,
1068. The surface includes a ridge
nearly 200 feet high, but otherwise is a
gently inclined plain bounded by Solway
Firth, and has a flat sandy shore. Hoddam
Castle, the Tower of Repentance, and the
Marquis of Queensberry's seat of Kin-
mount are chief objects ; and the shore is
part of the scene of Sir "Walter Scott's
Redgauntlet. There are 4 schools for
332 scholars, and 1 of them for 190 is new.

CUMMING, or PORT-CUMMING, village
in Duff us parish, Elginshire. Pop. 244.

CUMMIN'S CAMP, remains of notable
ancient fortification on Barra Hill, in
Bourtie parish, Aberdeenshire.

CUMNOCK, town, 16 miles south-east of
Kilmarnock, Ayrshire. It stands at con-
fluence of Glasnock and Lugar waters ;
includes a central square and 3 principal
streets ; is near a magnificent railway
viaduct across the Lugar ; and has a head,
post office with money order and telegraph
departments, a railway station, 3 banking
offices, 3 chief inns, Established, Free,
United Presbyterian, Congregational, and
Roman Catholic churches, a public school
of 1876 for 600 scholars, and 2 other schools.
Pop. 3345.

CUMNOCK (NEW), village and parish in
Kyle district, Ayrshire. The village stands
adjacent to confluence of the Afton and the
Nith, 5| miles south -south-east of Cum-
nock, and has a post office with money order
and telegraph departments, designated of
Ayrshire, a railway station, a banking office,
Established and Free churches, and a public
school with about 203 scholars.— The parish
contains also Af ton-Bridgend , Castle Conn el
Park, Craigbank, and Pathhead villages. Its
length is 12 miles ; its breadth fully 8
miles ; its area 48,096 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £36,832. Pop. 3781. Most
of the surface is hilly, and the southern
district is mountainous, and includes
Black Craig, 2298 feet high, and part of
Black Larg, 2231 feet high. Coal and
limestone abound, and are extensively
worked. A Free church is at Afton.
There are 3 schools for 731 scholars, and
2 of them for 610 are new.

CUMNOCK (OLD), parish, containing
most of Cumnock and small part of Lugar
towns, in Ayrshire. Its length is about 10
miles ; its mean breadth about 2 miles ;
its area 14,140 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £26,987. Pop. 4861. The sur-
face is partly flat and well cultivated,
partly hilly and either heathy or mostly
verdant. Coal and lime are extensively
worked; and bluish marble and black-

band ironstone are found. Chief re-
sidences are Dumfries House, Garrallan,
Logan, and Glasnock, the first a seat of
the Marquis of Bute ; and chief antiquities
are ruins of Terringzean Castle and traces
of Boreland Castle. The churches are in
Cumnock. There are 4 schools for 785
scholars, and 2 of them for 700 are new.

CUMRUE, quondam hamlet and small
lake in Kirkmichael parish, Dumfries-
shire.

CUNIACK. See Quinag.

GUNNER, hill, with fine view, on west
border of Carnbee parish, Fife.

CUNNIGAR, artificial mound, on which
persons accused of witchcraft were burnt,
near Mid-Calder village, Edinburghshire.

CUNNINGHAM, northern district of
Ayrshire. It is bounded on the south by
the river Irvine, and it measures about 25
miles by 13.

CUNNINGHAMHEAD, railway station
and seat, 4 miles west-north-west of Kil-
marnock, Ayrshire.

CUNNINGHAR, hill, with remains of
ancient Caledonian stone circle, in Tilli-
coultry parish, Clackmannanshire.

CUNNINGSBURGH, old parish, now part
of Dunrossness, in Shetland. It lies north
of Dunrossness-Proper, and has a post
office under Lerwick.

CUPAR, town and parish in east centre
of Fife. The town stands on the river
Eden, 33f miles north-north-east of Edin-
burgh ; dates from ancient times, but pre-
sents a modern appearance ; had once a
strong castle, which figured in the wars of
the Succession, and was visited by several
of the Scottish kings ; ranks now as the
capital of Fife, and as a burgh uniting
with 6 other Fife burghs in sending a
member to Parliament ; presents from the
exterior a pleasant appearance, amid beau-
tiful environs studded with mansions ;
comprises 3 principal streets, several minor
thoroughfares, and some suburbs ; has a
head post office with all departments, a
railway station, 6 banking offices, 3 hotels,
county buildings, a town hall, a corn
exchange, new waterworks, opened in
December 1876, a large modern Established
church, with elegant ancient spire, a Free
church of 1878, erected at a cost of nearly
£10,000, 2 United Presbyterian churches,
a Baptist chapel, a handsome Episcopalian
church on or near the site of an ancient
Dominican monastery, a Madras academy,
a large public library, and a museum ; and
publishes 4 weekly newspapers. Real
property in 1880-81, £20,698. Pop. 5010.
— The parish contains also the village of
Springfield and the Glaidney section of
Ceres. Its length is 4^ miles ; its greatest
breadth 3f miles ; its area 5736 acres.
Real property of landward part in 1880-81,
£15,407. Pop., quoad civilia, 7404 ; quoad
sacra, 6088. The surface is intersected
by the Eden, and beautifully diversified
with rising grounds. Chief seats are Kil-
maron, Tarbit, Springfield, Dalzell, Hil-

CUP

117

CYR

ton, Cairnie, Pitblado, Prestonhall, Fox-
ton, Balas, Ferrybank, Bellfield, Blalowne,
and "Westfield. A new sch ool for 50 scholars
stands beyond the burgh.

CUPAR- ANGUS. See Coupab- Angus.

CUPAR-GRANGE, estate about 2 miles
north of Coupar - Angus, Perthshire. It
contains the site of a quondam consider-
able village, and was found, some time in
last century, to contain two peculiar ancient
Caledonian circles.

CUPPASETTER, place, with brough, on
south-west corner of Yell Island, Shetland.

CUR, rivulet, running about 10 miles
to head of Loch Eck, in Cowal district,
Argyleshire.

CURGIE, small port on west side of
Luce Bay, Wigtonsnire.

CURLEE, hill in Innerleithen parish,
Peeblesshire.

CURLINGHALL, place in Largs parish,
Ayrshire. It has a sculptured stone com-
memorative of the battle of Largs, fought
in 1263.

CURR, hill in More-battle parish, Rox-
burghshire.

CURRIE, village and parish in Edin-
burghshire. The village stands on the
"Water of Leith, 6 miles south-west of
Edinburgh, and has a post office with all
departments under Edinburgh, a railway
station, a parochial church with about 800
sittings, and a public school with about
108 scholars. Pop. about 300.— The parish
contains also Balerno and Hermiston
villages. Its length is 8 miles ; its
breadth A\ miles ; its area 11,103 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £32,091. Pop.
2390. The surface includes a portion of
the Pentlands, with maximum altitude of
about 850 feet, and descends thence through
great irregularities to an extensive plain.
The chief seats are Riccarton, Baberton,
and Malleny ; and chief antiquities are
Lennox and Curriehill Castles, and re-
mains of two Roman stations. A United
Presbyterian church is at Balerno, and
4 schools, with accommodation for 471
scholars, are within the parish.

CURRIEHILL, railway station and old
castle, miles south-west of Edinburgh.

CURRYSIDE, coal-field in Shotts parish,
Lanarkshire.

CUSHIEVILLE. See Cosheville.

CUSHLETTER, place, 10 miles north-west
of Portree, Isle of Skye.

CUSHNIE, old parish, now united to
Leochel, in Aberdeenshire. It contains a
hill of its own name, 1883 feet high, and
has a public school with about 118
scholars.

CUTHBERT'S (ST.), parish, partly urban
and partly landward, in Edinburghshire.
It includes much of Edinburgh, and ex-
tends from Braid Hills to Trinity, and
from Queen's Park to within a mile of
Corstorphine village. Its length is 5
miles ; its breadth 3f miles. It contains
all parts of the Old Town of Edinburgh
beyond the ancient royalty and Canon-

gate ; all parts of the New Town outside
the city parishes of St. George, St. Stephen,
St. Andrew, St. Mary, and Green side ; the
suburb of Roseburn ; part of the parlia-
mentary burgh of Leith ; parts of Wardie,
Granton, Echobank, and Slateford villages ;
and all Coltbridge,Murrayfield,and Comely-
Bank semi-suburbs. Pop., quoad civilia,
157,743 ; quoad sacra, 11,967. The urban
section comprises every variety of Edin-
burgh thoroughfare, both ancient and
modern ; and the landward section abounds
in the rich diversities and beauties of the
city's environs. The parochial church
stands in a cemetery, with many famous
monuments, between West Princes Street
Gardens and Lothian Road ; occupies the
site of successively a Culdee cell and an
ancient cruciform church ; was erected in
1775 at a cost of £4231, but afterwards
acquired a steeple on its front, and con-
tains about 3000 sittings. The Culdee cell
was founded about the end of 7 th century,
and took name from the celebrated mis-
sionary Cuthbert ; and the subsequent
church was large, had a massive tower,
and figured greatly in the Romish times
for wealth and influence. Ten quoad
sacra parish churches, 5 chapels-of-ease,
and numerous churches of nearly all de-
nominations, are within the parish. Ten
of the city's public schools also are within
it, and 2 others are at respectively Colt-
bridge and Gorgie. The workhouse for
St. Cuthbert's and Canongate stands off
Queensferry Road, about 2 miles west-
south-west of west end of Princes Street ;
was erected about 1866-67 at a cost of
about £40,000 ; underwent extension in
1880 at a further cost of nearly £10,000 ;
and, for a structure of its class, is remark-
able for fineness of both situation and
feature.

CUTHILL, suburb of Prestonpans, Had-
dingtonshire. Pop. 529.

CUTTYFIELD, village in Larbert parish,
Stirlingshire.

CYRUS (ST.), village and parish on
southern border of Kincardineshire. The
village stands on an eminence near the
coast, 5|- miles north of Montrose, and has
a post office under Montrose, a railway
station, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 172 scholars.
— The parish contains also the hamlets of
Roadside, Burnside, Lochside, Whitehill,
Milton, and Tangle-ha'. Its length is 5
miles ; its breadth 3£ miles ; its area 8249
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £18,258.
Pop. 1487. About one-half of the boun-
dary is formed by North Esk river and the
sea. The coast is partly flat beach and
partly three low rocky promontories, but
mostly steep escarpment from 50 to nearly
300 feet high ; and the interior consists of
hills from 450 to 630 feet high, and deep
intersecting vales and ravines. The chief
seats are Lauriston, Mount Cyrus, Kirkside,
and Bridgeton ; and the chief antiquities
are an ancient obelisk, vestiges of a sea-

DAA

118

DAL

girt fortalice, and remains of Lauriston
Castle.

DAAL. See Loch-in-Daal.

DAAN, rivnlet in Ecldertoun parish,
Ross-shire. Two low tracts contiguous to
it are named Meikle Daal and Little
Daal.

DAER, longest head-stream of the Clyde.
It rises on Queensberry Hill, and runs
about 10 miles northward to the Little
Clyde, near Elvanfoot ; and it gives the
peerage title of baron to the Earl of
Selkirk.

DAIGLEN, burn in Tillicoultry parish,
Clackmannanshire.

DAIL, seat in Craignish parish, Argyle-
shire.

DAILLY, village and parish in Carrick
district, Ayrshire. The village stands on
Girvan river, 5^ miles north-east of Girvan,
presents a neat appearance, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Maybole, a railway
station, an inn, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
125 scholars. Pop. 696. — The parish is
nearly 7 miles long, and from 4 to 6 miles
broad, but includes also Ailsa-Craig, and
comprises 17,962 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £19,078. Pop. 2226. The sur-
face is traversed from end to end by
Girvan river, and consists partly of fertile
valley and partly of considerably high
flanking hills. Coal and limestone are
worked. The seats are Bargany, Kil-
kerran, Dalquharran, Penkill, and Kil-
lochan ; and the antiquities are an oval
camp, vestiges of an ancient church, and
ruins of Kilkerran and Penkill Castles.
A new parochial church, in lieu of the old
one, was projected in September 1881.
There are 6 schools for 596 scholars, and
1 of them for 75 is new.

DAILNANCEANN, battlefield between
the Danes and the natives, with 2 cairns,
in Craignish parish, Argyleshire.

DAIRSIE, village and parish in north-
east of Fife. The village stands 3J miles
east-north-east of Cupar, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph de-
partments, under Cupar, a railway station,
a fine old Gothic parochial church, a Free
church, and a public school with about 152
scholars. — The parish is miles long and
2-j- miles broad, and comprises 2555 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £6522. Pop.
693. The surface is mostly an inclined
plain, but includes two hills, cultivated
nearly to their summits, and commanding
extensive views. The seats are Craigfoodie,
Pitormie, Newmill, and Dairsie Cottage ;
and the chief antiquity is the roofless ruin
of Dairsie Castle, said to have been the
place where Archbishop Spo ttiswood wrote
his Church History.

DAL, salmon stream entering Balnakiel
Bay, in Durness parish, Sutherland.

DALARNAN, place within Campbelton

burgh, Argyleshire. It has a public school
with about 167 scholars.

DALAROSSIE, old parish, now united to
Moy, in Inverness-shire.

DALARRAN, supposed battlefield, with
huge standing - stone, in Balmaclellan
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

DALAVICH, ancient parish, now united
to Kilchrenan, Argyleshire. It contains
Loch Avich, and has a public school.

DALAWOODIE, seat near Holywood,
Dumfriesshire.

DALBEATTIE, town and quoad sacra
parish in Kirkcudbrightshire. The town
stands on a burn of its own name, near
Urr river, 5J miles east-south-east of
Castle-Douglas ; was founded in 1780, and
advanced rapidly to prosperity ; is built of
lively-coloured granite, and exports quan-
tities of that stone ; and has a head post
office with money order and telegraph de-
partments, a railway station, a banking
office, 2 chief inns, a small harbour,
various manufacturing establishments, a
town hall, an Established church of 1880,
a Free church founded in 1881, United
Presbyterian, Evangelical Union, Episco-
palian, and Roman Catholic churches, a
Mechanics' Institute, and 3 public schools
with about 518 scholars. Dalbeattie Loch,
about 1^ mile from the town, has great
store of darkish-coloured trout. Pop. of
the town, 3854 ; of the quoad sacra parish,
4140.

DALBETH, seat and Roman Catholic
convent on the Clyde, in eastern environs
of Glasgow.

DALBLAIR, place in glen between Ward-
law Hill and Cairntable, Ayrshire.

DALBOG, place, with remnant of ancient
Caledonian stone circle, in Edzell parish,
Forfarshire.

DALCHALLIE, glen in Glenisla parish,
Forfarshire.

D ALCHONZIE, se at on the Earn in Comrie
parish, Perthshire.

DALCHOSNIE, seat, and scene of a
victory of King Robert Bruce over the
English, in Fortingal parish, Perthshire.

DALCHREICHARD, place in Urquhart
parish, Inverness-shire. It has a public
school with about 45 scholars.

DALCROSS, old parish, now united to
Croy, Inverness-shire. It has a railway
station, an estate, and a decayed castle of
its own name ; and its castle was built in
1620 by the eighth Lord Lovat, and sold in
1702 to the head branch of the Mackintosh
family.

DALCRUIVE, place, with handsome
modern bridge, on the Almond, in Red-
gorton parish, Perthshire.

DALDAWN, seat in Kelton parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

DALGAIN, estate in Sorn parish, Ayr-
shire. The parish itself was formerly called
Dalgain.

DALGAIRN, seat near Cupar, Fife.
DALGARNO, old parish, now united to
Closeburn, Dumfriesshire.

DAL

119

DAL

DALGARVEN, village on Garnock river,
in Kilwinning parish, Ayrshire.

DALGETTY, parish, containing the vil-
lages of St. David's and Fordel Square,
and part of the post town of Crossgates, on
south-west coast of Fife. Its length north-
ward is fully 5 miles ; its greatest breadth
about 1^ mile ; its area 3340 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £7602. Pop. 1321.
The coast lies immediately east of Inver-
keithing Bay, and presents a beautiful
appearance. The interior ascends gradually
to the north, and attains a maximum
altitude of about 436 feet. Coal is exten-
sively mined and exported. The seats are
Donibristle, Fordel, and Cockairney. The
parochial church is a handsome modern
edifice, with about 500 sittings ; and a
quoad sacra parish church is at Mossgreen.
There are 2 public schools for 336 scholars,
and 1 of them and a class-room for 250 are
new.

DALGINCH, quondam castle, said to
have belonged to Macduff, on site of
Barnslee House, near Markinch, Fife.

DALGINROSS, suburb of Comrie, Perth-
shire.

DALGUISE, village on the Tay, 4J miles
north-north-west of Dunkeld, Perthshire.
It has a post office under Dunkeld, a rail-
way station, and a Free church, and is
near a long handsome railway viaduct
across the Tay. Dalguise House, in its
vicinity, is partly ancient, partly modern,
and was long the residence of Fox Maule,
who became Earl of Dalhousie.

DALHALAVAIG, place, with public
school, in Reay parish, Caithness.

DALHARROLD, place, with ancient
standing-stone, in Strathnaver, Sutherland.

DALHOUSIE, railway station and noble
mansion in Cockpen parish, Edinburgh-
shire. The station is 9 miles south-east
of Edinburgh. The mansion, Dalhousie
Castle, a seat of the Earl of Dalhousie,
stands on the South Esk, about a mile
south of the station, was originally a strong
fortalice of the 12th century, and presents
now an elegant modern appearance.

DALIBURGH, place in south-west of
South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides. It
has a post office under Lochmaddy.

DALINTOBER, suburb of Campbelton,
Argyleshire.

DALJARROCH, hamlet and seat on
Stinchar river, Carrick, Ayrshire. The
hamlet lies 4 miles north-east of Colmonell,
and has a post office designated of Ayrshire.

DALKEITH, town, ducal mansion, and
parish, in east of Edinburghshire. The
town stands on a gently swelling peninsula
between the North Esk and the South
Esk, 6 miles by road, but 8 by railway,
south-east of Edinburgh ; has been a
market town from unrecorded ancient
times ; comprises a main street about
two - thirds of a mile long, partly very
spacious, extending parallel to the rivers ;
includes a handsome new suburb adjacent
to Eskbank railway station ; and has a

head post office with all departments, a
railway station at terminus of short
branch railway to its centre, 4 banking
offices, 5 hotels, a covered corn market
of 1855, an elegant Foresters' hall of 1877,
the nave and ruined choir of a church
of 1384, a conspicuous steepled church of
1844, a Free church, 3 United Presbyterian
churches, Congregational, Evangelical
Union, and Wesleyan chapels, Episco-
palian and Roman Catholic churches, and
4 public schools with aggregately about 785
scholars. Pop. 6931. — The ducal man-
sion, Dalkeith Palace, is the chief seat of
the Duke of Buccleuch ; has a grandly
wooded park of more than 1000 acres, ex-
tending along the Esks from lower end of
the town ; occupies the site of an ancient
castle, captured by the English in the time
of Edward in. ; stands on a steep rock
adjacent to the North Esk, in upper part
of the park ; was built about commence-
ment of last century, and visited by George
IV. and Queen Victoria ; and is a large
Grecian structure, with recessed centre and
projecting wings. — The parish contains
also the village of Lugton and greater part
of Whitehill. Its length is 3| miles; its
greatest breadth less than 2 miles ; its
area 2344 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£36,889. Pop. , quoad civilia, 7707 ; quoad
sacra, 3973. The surface, except in dells
along the Esks, is mostly a plain, rising
gently to the south-east; and, excepting
edificed parts, thoroughfares, and the ducal
park, is all disposed in fields and gardens.
The rocks are carboniferous, and include
rich seams of coal and limestone.

DALKEITH (WEST), quoad sacra parish,
with church in Dalkeith town, Edinburgh-
shire. Pop. 3734.

DALKS, hill on border of Coldingham
Moor, Berwickshire.

DALL, seat on south side of Loch Ran-
noch, Perthshire.

DALLACHY, divided estate in Bellie
parish, Elginshire.

DALLAS, village and parish in centre of
Elginshire. The village stands 9 miles
south-east of Forres, and has a post office
under Forres. Pop. 212. The parish com-
prises a main body and a detached district,
measures about 12 miles by 9, and com-
prises 22,903 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £5543. Pop. 915. The river
Lossie, issuing from a small lake at south-
western extremity, cuts the parish length-
wise into nearly equal parts, and receives
several burns in its progress. The land
consists of a strath on that river, some
vales on the burns, and a number of
flanking or bordering hills. Dallas Lodge
is a chief residence ; and the ruin of Tor
Castle is a chief antiquity. The churches
are Established and Free. There are 2
schools for 190 scholars, and 1 of them for
100 is new.

DALLAVAIRD, place, with blue slate
quarry, in Glenbervie parish, Kincardine-
shire.

DAL

120

DAL

DALMAHOY, noble mansion and craggy-
hill in Ratho parish, Edinburghshire. The
mansion stands near Caledonian Railway,
1\ miles north-east of Kirknewton, is a
seat of the Earl of Morton, and has an
Episcopalian chapel and a very fine park.
The hill is 680 feet high, presents a pre-
cipitous front to the west, and figures
prominently in a great extent of land-
scape.

DALMALLY, village on Orchy river, 3
miles from Loch Awe, and 16 miles north-
north-east of Inverary, Argyleshire. It
has picturesque environs ; is a resort of
anglers, a centre for tourists, and a good
starting-point for ascending Bencruachan ;
and has a head post office with money
order and telegraph departments, a railway
station, a hotel, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
90 scholars.

DALMARNOCK, suburban locality, on
the Clyde, in south-eastern outskirts of
Glasgow. It has a United Presbyterian
church of 1881.

DALMARNOCK, village, Z\ miles north-
by-west of Dunkeld, Perthshire.

DALMELLINGTON, town and parish in
Kyle district, Ayrshire. The town stands
near the Doon, 15 miles south-east of Ayr ;
dates from 11th century, but rose into
modern importance as a centre of mineral
traffic ; and has a post office with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Ayrshire, a terminal railway sta-
tion, a banking office, waterworks of 1876,
a towered Saxon parochial church of 1846,
Free, Evangelical Union, and Roman
Catholic churches, and a public school with
about 200 scholars. Pop. 1437.— The parish
contains also the towns of Burnfoothill and
Waterside, the village of Craigmark, and
part of the village of Patna. Its length
is nearly 9 miles ; its greatest breadth about
4| miles ; its area 17,783 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1879-80, £20,446. Pop., quoad
civilia, 6383 ; quoad sacra, 6170. Doon
lake and river form the boundary with
Carrick. The ground traversed by the
river, for about a mile from the lake, is a
ravine so very deep and narrow as to
appear like a rent torn through a lofty
hill-ridge by a vertical earthquake. A
tract adjacent to the river, for about 3
miles farther on, is a plain or very slight
slope, beginning and ending with a mere
point, measuring about a mile in breadth
at its middle, and shaped altogether in
nearly the form of a crescent. The rest of
the surface, away to the eastern bound-
aries, is a series of hill-ridges and mountains
with intervening glens and gorges ; and the
front ridge terminates, to the north-east of
the town, in a basaltic colonnade about 300
feet high and 600 feet long. Coal, lime-
stone, and ironstone are plentiful ; and
extensive ironworks, commenced in 1847,
give employment to a large proportion of the
inhabitants. The chief seat is Berbeth ;
and chief antiquities are traces of a

Roman road, the moated site of an ancient
castle, and spots associated with affecting
scenes in the persecutions of the Cove-
nanters. Established and United Presby-
terian churches are at Patna. There are
4 schools for 1297 scholars, and 1 of them
for 300 is new.

DALMENY, village and parish in north-
east of Linlithgowshire. The village stands
about f mile from the Forth, and 12 miles
west-north-west of Edinburgh, is a small
place, and has a post office under Edin-
burgh, a railway station, a richly-sculp-
tured ancient Norman parochial church,
and a public school with about 137 scholars.
— The parish contains also part of Queens-
ferry town, surrounds Queensferry parish,
and consists of a main body and a detached
district. The main body is 5j miles long,
and nearly 3 miles broad ; the detached
district lies about a mile from it to the
west of Winchburgh, and measures about
If mile by 7 furlongs ; and the whole
comprises 5985 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £17,273. Pop. 1660. The sur-
face is mostly undulating, includes 3 emi-
nences averagely about 380 feet high, and
exhibits uncommon beauty of both natural
and artificial feature. Dalmeny Park, the
chief seat of the Earl of Rosebery, has a
splendid mansion and exquisite grounds,
and was visited by Queen Victoria. Dun-
das Castle and Craigie Hall also are in-
teresting seats, and Barnbougle Castle is
a palatial structure of 1880-81, with small
remnant of ancient, picturesque ruin.

DALMIGAVIE, estate with romantic dell,
in Moy parish, Inverness-shire.

DALMONACH, place, with print-fields,
near Bonhill, Dumbartonshire.

DALMONY, valley in Urquhart parish,
Inverness-shire.

DALMORE, place in Alva parish, Stir-
lingshire. It has a public school with
about 155 scholars.

DALMORE, harbour in Rosskeen parish,
Ross-shire.

DALMUIR, village, 6J miles east-south-
east of Dumbarton. It has a post office
under Glasgow, a railway station, exten-
sive paper-works, and a public school with
about 75 scholars. Pop. 936.

DALMUIR-SHORE, quondam village on
the Clyde, \ mile from Dalmuir, Dumbar-
tonshire. It had an unsightly appearance,
and was destroyed about 1860.

DALMULLIN, place, with site of ancient
monastery, in St. Quivox parish, Ayr-
shire.

DALNACARDOCH, place, 11 miles west-
north- west of Blair- Athole, Perthshire. It
had long a well-known inn, important to
travellers through the Grampians on the
road from Perth to Inverness ; and it still
commands a road southward from it to
Tummel-Bridge.

DALNASPIDAL, railway station, 2 miles
south of watershed of Central Grampians,
and about 5 miles north-west of Dalnacar-
doch, Perthshire.

DAL

121

DAL

DALNAVERT, estate in Alvie parish,
Inverness-shire.

D ALNESS, romantic cascade on Etive
river, about 5 miles from Loch Etive,
Argyleshire.

DALNOTTER, hill, with splendid view,
near Old Kilpatrick village, Dumbarton-
shire.

DALNOWHINNIE, hamlet on the Dee,
1% mile west of Aboyne, Aberdeenshire.

DALPERSIE, estate in Tullynessle parish,
Aberdeenshire.

DALQUHARRAN, seat in Dailly parish,
Ayrshire.

DALQUHURN, estate in Cardross parish,
Dumbartonshire.

DALREAGLE, estate in Kirkinner parish,
Wigtonshire.

DALREE. See Dalrt.

DALREOCH, quoad sacra parish, with
railway station, a short distance north of
Dumbarton. Pop. 3634.

DALREOCH, place, with United Presby-
terian church, in Dunning parish, Perth-
shire.

DALRIADA, ancient principality in
Western Highlands, or pristine kingdom
of the Scots. It originated with immi-
grants from a territory of same name in
north of Ireland. They came to Argyle-
shire about 503, acquired ascendency over
the Western Caledonians, and established
a monarchy, with seat at Dunstaffnage.
Their king Kenneth, who began to reign
in 836, became heir to the crown of Pictavia,
and, by uniting that to his crown of Dal-
riada, founded the kingdom of Scotland,
and he removed his court in 843 to
Forteviot.

DALRUADHAIN, ancient town of the
Dalriads, on the ground now occupied by
Campbelton, Argyleshire.

DALRULZEON, section of Caputh parish
surrounded by that of Kirkmichael, in
Perthshire.

DALRY, town and parish in Cunningham
district, Ayrshire. The town stands on
Garnock river, llj miles north-west of
Kilmarnock ; dates from beginning of 17th
century, but was long a mere hamlet ;
underwent great and rapid change from
erection of extensive ironworks about
1845 ; is now a great centre of mineral
traffic, under a blaze of blast furnaces ;
comprises a central square, and 5 principal
streets ; includes also the suburb of Blair
or Blair- Works ; and has a head post office
with all departments, a railway station, 2
banking offices, 3 chief inns, 2 Established
churches, Free, United Presbyterian, and
Roman Catholic churches, a large mission
hall of 1877, and 4 public schools with
aggregately about 847 scholars. Pop.
5010. — The parish contains also the
villages of Den, Drakemuir, and Kid-
dens, and parts of Glengarnock and
Langbar. Its length is about 10 miles ;
its greatest breadth 9 miles ; its area
19,284 acres. Real property in 1879-80,
£45,056. Pop. 10,215. The surface com-

prises four vales, with intervening hills, and
rises in one part to heights of from 634 to
946 feet above sea-level. A cavern, 183
feet long, and from 5 to 12 feet broad and
high, is at Auchenskeigh. Coal and iron-
stone abound, and are largely worked.
An Established church is at Kersland
Barony. 9 schools for 2070 scholars are
in the parish, and an enlargement of 1
of them for 313 is new.

DALRY, village and parish in north-
eastern extremity of Kirkcudbrightshire.
The village stands on Ken river, 3J miles
north of New Galloway ; is an old place
pleasantly modernized ; was the starting-
point of the Covenanters' rising which
ended in the battle of Bullion Green ; and
has a post office designated of Kirkcud-
brightshire, an inn, an ancient moat with fine
view, Established and United Presbyterian
churches, and 2 public schools with about
107 scholars. Pop. 585. — The parish
measures 14 miles in length, and 1\ miles
in extreme breadth, and comprises 34,535
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £13,303.
Pop. 988. The surface includes the left
side of a fine vale along the Ken, but is
elsewhere upland, rises in the north to
mountainous altitudes, and culminates on
the northern boundary in Black Larg, 2231
feet high. Lochinvar lake in it has re-
mains of an ancient strong castle which
belonged to the Gordons, who became
Viscounts Kenmuir ; and several places
are associated with the history of the per-
secuted Covenanters. Public schools are
at Corseglass and Stroanfreggan.

DALRY, western suburb of Edinburgh.
It is all, with slight exception, quite re-
cent ; it consists chiefly of numerous streets
and places, edificed with small or moder-
ately-sized houses ; it includes a transmuted
old mansion, Dairy House, formerly quite
rural ; it adjoins a cemetery, originally
formed as ultra-mural ; and it contains a
Free church, a Congregational church, and
a large public school.

DALRY, or DALREE, place near head of
Strathfillan, on western border of Perth-
shire. It was the scene, in 1306, of a
sharp skirmish between King Robert Bruce
and Macdougall, Lord of Lorn ; when the
famous trinket called the Brooch of Lorn,
described by Sir Walter Scott in his Lord
of the Isles, is alleged to have been lost by
Bruce to Macdougall.

DALRYMPLE, village and parish on
southern border of Kyle, Ayrshire. The
village stands on the Doon, 4 miles south-
by-east of Ayr, and has a post office under
Ayr, a railway station, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 148 scholars. Pop. 285. — The
parish is 7 miles long, but comparatively
narrow, and comprises 7833 acres. Real
property in 1879-80, £15,863. Pop. 1362.
The Doon traces all the southern and
western boundary, and is flanked there by
alternately bold banks and fertile haughs.
Nearly all the surface thence is undulating

DAL

122

DAM

or rolling, and abounds in knolls or mound-
ish hills. Four lakes, Martinham, Kerse,
Snipe, and Lindston, add beauty to the
landscape. The seats are Skeldon and
Hollybush ; and the antiquities are the site
of Dalrymple Castle, the line of a Koman
road, and vestiges of 3 small Caledonian
forts.

DALSCAIRTH, seat in Troqueer parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

DALSERF, village and parish in middle
ward of Lanarkshire. The village stands
on the Clyde, 7 miles south-east of
Hamilton, is now very small, but was
once much larger, and has a parochial
church with 500 sittings, and a public
school with about 339 scholars. — The parish
contains also the post town of Larkhall,
and the villages of Millheugh and Rose-
bank. Its length is 6^ miles ; its greatest
breadth 4J miles ; its area 6956 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £31,520. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 9378; quoad sacra, 2675.
The surface rises somewhat abruptly from
the Clyde on the one side, and the Avon
on the other, and forms between them
a sort of plateau of maximum height
of about 400 feet. Coal abounds, and is
largely worked. Dalserf House, Machan,
Broomhill, Millheugh, and Millburn are
chief residences. The parish was anciently
called Machanshire, belonged to the
Comyns, went to the royal Bruces, passed
to an ancestor of the Duke of Hamilton,
and was divided among junior branches of
the Hamilton family. Established, Free,
United Presbyterian, Evangelical Union,
and Roman Catholic churches are at Lark-
hall. There are 2 schools for 501 scholars,
and 1 of them for 300 is new.

DALSETTER, hamlet in Yell Island, Shet-
land. It has a post office under Lerwick.

DALSHOLM, or DAWSHOLM, village
adjacent to Kelvin river, the Forth and
Clyde Canal, and the Glasgow and Helens-
burgh Railway, in New Kilpatrick parish,
Dumbartonshire.

DALSWINTON, village and estate in
Kirkmahoe parish, Dumfriesshire. The
village • stands near the Nith, 1\ miles
north-north-west of Dumfries, and. has a
post office under Dumfries, and a public
school with about 71 scholars. The estate
has a modern mansion on the site of an
ancient castle of the Comyns ; belonged
in the latter part of last century to Mr.
Patrick Miller, the projector of steam
navigation ; and contains a lake on which
he launched the first trial steam-boat.

DALTON, village and parish in Annan-
dale, Dumfriesshire. The village stands 6
miles north-west of Annan, and has a post
office under Lockerby, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
74 scholars. The parish measures 5^ miles
in length, and from \\ to 4 miles in
breadth, and comprises 6886 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £6986. Pop. 579.
The surface is partly hilly, but mostly
flat. The seats are Dormont and Rammer-

scales ; and the antiquities are the ruined
tower of Holmains, and a very distinct
Caledonian camp.

DALTON, village in Cambuslang parish,
Lanarkshire.

DALTONHOOK, estate, with vestige of
ancient strong tower, in St. Mungo parish,
Dumfriesshire.

DALTULICH, estate in Croy parish,
Inverness-shire.

DALVADDY, hamlet and coal-pits in
Campbelton parish, Argyleshire.

DALVAULT, village in Bonhill parish,
Dumbartonshire.

DALVEEN, pass in Lowther Mountains,
at north border of Durrisdeer parish,
Dumfriesshire.

DALVEY, modern seat, contiguous to
site of ancient castle, in Dyke parish,
Elginshire.

DALVOURN, place in Daviot parish,
Inverness-shire. It has a public school
with about 60 scholars.

DALWHAT, head-stream of the Cairn in
Glencairn parish, Dumfriesshire.

DALWHINNIE, place in Glentruim,
among the Central Grampians, 58J miles
south of Inverness. It has a post office
designated of Inverness-shire, a railway
station, and an inn.

DALYELL, seat in Cupar parish, Fife.

DALZXEL, parish containing Craigneuk
town, English Row, and Windmillhill
villages, and most of Motherwell town,
in middle ward of Lanarkshire. Its length
is about 4 miles ; its- breadth about 3
miles ; its area 3039 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £57,254. Pop., quoad civilia,
13,853 ; quoad sacra, 8923. The surface
rises very gently from the Clyde and the
South Calder, and is mostly level. Coal
abounds, and is extensively worked. The
chief seat is Dalziel House ; and the chief
antiquities are the line of a Roman road
and site of a Roman camp. An Established
church of 1874, a Free church, a United
Presbyterian church of 1881, a United
Presbyterian church of earlier date, a
Methodist chapel, a Roman Catholic
church, and a large public school are at
Motherwell. 5 schools for 2034 scholars
are in the parish, and 1 of them and
enlargements for 900 are new.

DALZIEL (SOUTH), quoad sacra parish,
with church, in vicinity of Motherwell,
Lanarkshire. It was constituted subse-
quent to 1874. Pop. 4930.

DAMF, lake in Applecross parish, Ross-
shire.

DAMHEAD, village in vale among the
Ochils, 5^ miles north-by-east of Kinross.
It has a post office under Milnathort.

DAMHEAD, hamlet midway between St.
Ninian's town and Airth village, Stirling-
shire.

DAMHEAD, town,now called Jamestown,
in Bonhill parish, Dumbartonshire.

DAMPH, fine lake among mountains on
eastern verge of Coigach district, Cromarty-
shire.

DAM

123

DAY

DAMSAY, beautiful islet in Firth Bay,
Firth parish, Orkney.

DAMSIDE, place, with leech-ponds, in
Auchterarder parish, Perthshire.

DANDALEITH, railway station and fine
haugh on the Spey in Kothes parish,
Elginshire.

DANESHELT. See Dunshelt.

DANEVALE, seat in Crossmichael parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

DANNA, island in North Knapdale parish,
Argyleshire. Pop. 40.

DANSKINE, place, 5J miles south-east-
by-south of Haddington.

DARA, rivulet, running about 10 miles
south-westward and 3 miles north-west-
ward to the Deveron, near Turriff, Aber-
deenshire.

DARDAR, dell, with cascade, on coast of
Aberdour parish, Aberdeenshire.

DARGAVEL, seat in Erskine parish,
Renfrewshire.

DARGIE, village about 3 miles west of
Dundee.

DARK-MILE, glen between Loch Archaig
and Loch Lochy, Inverness-shire. Its
character is very similar to that of the
Trossachs, but with larger and more
striking features.

DARLEITH, estate in Bonhill parish,
Dumbartonshire.

DARLINGSHAUGF, suburb and section
of Galashiels at verge of Roxburghshire.

DARLINGTON, suburb of Stewarton,
Ayrshire.

DARMEAD, head-stream of the Breich,
in Cambusnethan parish, Lanarkshire.

DARNAWAY, hamlet and noble mansion
on west border of Elginshire. The hamlet
lies about 3£ miles south-west of Forres,
and has a post office under Forres. The
mansion, Darnaway Castle, is a seat of the
Earl of Moray, and is partly ancient, but
chiefly modern.

DARNGABER, village and vestige of
ancient castle on south-east side of
Hamilton parish, Lanarkshire, Pop.
with Quarter, 886.

DARNHALL, a seat of Lord Eli-
bank, near Eddlestone village, Peebles-
shire.

DARNICK, village on eastern verge of
Abbotsford estate, about a mile west of
Melrose, Roxburghshire. It has a post
office under Melrose ; contains a massive
tower of 15th century, now furnished
as a museum of Border antiquities ; and
gave to Sir "Walter Scott, among many of
his familiar friends, the soubriquet of
'Duke of Darnick.' Pop. 448.

DARNLEY, ancient barony, 2 miles south-
west of Pollockshaws, Renfrewshire. It
belonged for ages to a branch of the
Stewarts ; gave them the peerage title
of lord, so prominent in history as borne
by the husband of Queen Mary ; and was
sold about 1757 to Sir John Maxwell of
Pollock.

DARNOW, place, with public school, in
Kirkcowan parish, Wigtonshire.

DAROCHVILLE, seat in Inverness parish,
Inverness-shire.

DARRA, hill in Turriff parish, Aber-
deenshire.

DARRACH, hill on western verge of
Denny parish, Stirlingshire.

DARtJEL, rivulet, traversing Glendaruel
to head of Loch Striven, in Argyleshire.

DARVEL, town on Irvine river, 9 miles
east-by-north of Kilmarnock, Ayrshire.
It has a post office under Kilmarnock, a
banking office, an ancient fortalice, a Free
church, and a ptiblic school with about
130 scholars. Pop. 1700.

DAVA, place, 8^ miles north of Grantown,
Elginshire. It has a post office under
Grantown and a railway station.

DAVAR. See Devaar.

DAVEN, lake in Logie-Coldstone parish,
Aberdeenshire.

DAVID. See Daviot.

DAVIDSON'S MAINS (popularly MUT-
TONHOLE), village, 3£ miles west-north-
west of Edinburgh. It has a post office
with all departments, designated of Mid-
lothian, and a Free church. Pop. 744.

DAVID (ST.), parish, with church at head
of Candlerigg street, Glasgow. Pop.,
quoad sacra, 9157.

DAVID (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in west of
Edinburgh. Pop. 9456.

DAVID (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
Established and. Free churches, in Dundee.
Pop. 25,975.

DAVID (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in Kirk-
intilloch, Dumbartonshire. Pop. 3786.

DAVID'S (ST.), seaport village, 2 miles
east of Inverkeithing, Fife.

DAVID'S (ST)., village in Madderty
parish, Perthshire.

DAVINGTON, place in Eskdalemuir
parish, Dumfriesshire. It has a public
school with about 43 scholars.

DAVIOT (popularly DAVID), village and
parish in Garioch district, Aberdeenshire.
The village stands 9 miles north-west of
Aberdeen, and has a post office under
Aberdeen, a parochial church, and a public
school. The parish is about 3 miles long,
and comprises 4454 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £5532. Pop., quoad civilia,
515; quoad sacra, 658. A gently
undulated ridge extends through the
middle from nearly end to end, and two
similar but shorter and lower ridges extend
along the sides. The chief residence is
Fingask ; and the chief antiquities are
remains of two ancient Caledonian stone
circles.

DAVIOT, hamlet in Inverness-shire, and
parish partly also in Nairnshire. The ham-
let lies on river Nairn, 6| miles south-east
of Inverness, and has a post office under
Inverness, an Established church, a Free
church, and a public school. The parish
is about 23 miles long, and from scarcely
1| to 5| miles broad, but includes only 388
acres in Nairnshire. Real property in

DAY

124

DEE

1880-81, of the Inverness-shire part,
£11,561; of the Nairnshire part, £1466.
Pop. 1133 and 119. The surface includes
portions of Drummossie Moor and the
Monadhleagh Mountains, but consists, for
more than nine-tenths of its entire area,
of the greater part of Strathnairn valley ;
and it presents, in the aggregate, a wild
and striking appearance. The chief resi-
dences are Daviot House and Farr; and
the chief antiquities are remains of an
ancient castle and of several ancient
Caledonian stone circles. Dunlichity old
parish is united to Daviot, and its church
stands 7 miles west of Daviot hamlet, and
is still in use. 5 schools for 400 scholars
are within the united parish, and 3 of
them for 220 are new.

DAVISTON, burn in Cadder parish,
Lanarkshire.

DAVO, picturesque ravine in Garvock
parish, Kincardineshire.

DA WAN, lake on border of Logie-Cold-
stone parish, Aberdeenshire.

DA WICK, mansion and old parish in
Peeblesshire. The mansion stands on the
Tweed, about 7 miles south-west of Peebles,
and is the seat of Sir James Nasmyth,
Bart. The parish was suppressed in 1742,
and divided between Drummelzier and
Stobo.

DEAD, affluent of the Lyne, in Newlands
parish, Peeblesshire.

DEAD, vast bog in north-east of Castleton
parish, Roxburghshire.

DEADMANGILL, notable cairn in Mous-
wald parish, Dumfriesshire.

DEAL (LEAS OF), hill, 820 feet high, at
head of Deals voe, Shetland.

DEALS, voe or bay in Tingwall parish,
Shetland.

DEAN,each of numerous stream-traversed
ravines or deep narrow vales in many parts
of Scotland. The name occurs both alone
and as a prefix, and it is usually written
' dean ' in places south of the Forth, and
' den ' in places to the north. Many a dean
or den is a cul-de-sac, escarped or copse-
clad on the sides.

DEAN, suburb and quoad sacra parish
on left side of "Water of Leith, above Stock-
bridge, Edinburgh. The suburb was origi-
nally a rural village dating from the time
of David I. ; retains a few old houses in-
termixed with modern ones ; adjoins on
one side an elegant modern suburb on
tabular ground, and descends on another
nearly into junction with a dingy old
village in bottom of Water of Leith ravine ;
and contains or adjoins an Established
church of 1856, a Free church, Trinity
Episcopalian church, a bridge of 1832, and
a cemetery formed in 1845. The bridge
spans the Water of Leith ravine, has 4
arches, each 96 feet in span, and measures
447 feet in length, 39 feet in width, and
106 feet in height. The cemetery was
greatly extended and partly re-embellished
in 1872, and it contains the graves of many
of Edinburgh's most distinguished public

men. The quoad sacra parish is part of
St. Cuthbert's. Pop. 5039.

DEAN, river, running about 10 miles
west-south-westward from Forfar loch to
the Isla, at boundary with Perthshire.

DEAN, burn, running to the Forth, in
Borrowstownness parish, Linlithgowshire.

DEAN, village in Wilton parish, Rox-
burghshire.

DEAN, ruined castellated mansion about
a mile north-east of Kilmarnock, Ayrshire.
It belonged to the Earls of Kilmarnock,
the last of whom suffered death for par-
ticipation in the rebellion of 1745 ; but it
was destroyed by fire in 1735.

DEANBURNHAUGH, village in Roberton
parish, Roxburghshire. It has a post office
under Hawick.

DEANPARK, quoad sacra parish in south-
western suburbs of Glasgow. Pop. 2048.

DEANS, village in Cambuslang parish,
Lanarkshire.

DEANSTON, village on river Teith, about
a mile west of Doune, Perthshire. It pre-
sents a pleasant appearance ; is noted in
connection with Mr. James Smith, the
famous mechanician and agricultural im-
prover, who died in 1850 ; and has a post
office under Stirling, extensive cotton mills,
and a public school with about 292 scholars.
Pop. 679. Deanston mansion is in its
vicinity.

DEAOTHACK, affluent of the Glass,
Inverness-shire.

DEAS, headland at southern extremity
of Kintvre, Argyleshire.

DECHMONT, hill, with fine view, 1\ miles
south-west of Cambuslang, Lanarkshire.
It once had many ancient cairns, and is
the subject of a poem by John Struthers.

DECHMONT, village and hill in Living-
stone parish, Linlithgowshire. Pop. 214.

DEE, river rising among Cairngorm
Mountains, and running east-by-northward
to the sea at Aberdeen. Its length of
course, in direct line, is 64 miles ; along
its bed, at least 96 miles. It makes a stu-
pendous aggregate descent to the foot of
the Cairngorms ; forms, about 6 miles
above Castleton, a series of falls, called the
Linn of Dee ; and runs so slowly from
Castleton to the sea, as nowhere to afford
water-power for a mill. Its affluents are
very numerous, but are mostly torrents or
burns.

DEE, river of Kirkcudbrightshire. It
is formed by conflux of the Ken and the
Black Dee ; goes prevailingly southward
to Solway Firth at mouth of Kirkcud-
bright Bay ; expands over the first 5
miles into a series of narrow lakes ; makes
a total run of about 20 miles ; and is navig-
able for about 7 miles from the Solway.

DEE, lake, about If mile long, in Minni-
gaff pat-ish, Kirkcudbrightshire ; also the
series of narrow lakes in Kirkcudbright-
shire Dee.

DEE (BLACK), river, running 18 miles
chiefly south-eastward to confluence with
the Ken, in Kirkcudbrightshire. It re-

DEE

125

DEL

ceives, in its upper parts, a small affluent
from the Minnigaff Loch Dee.

DEE BRIDGE. See Bridge or Dee.

DEECHOID, mountain in Muckairn
section of Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

DEER, small river, running about 16
miles east-south-eastward and eastward
to the Ugie, at 4£ miles from Peterhead,
Aberdeenshire.

DEERLAW, hill in Yarrow parish, Sel-
kirkshire.

DEERNESS, quoad sacra parish averagely
about miles east-by-south of Kirkwall,
Orkney. It forms politically part of St.
Andrews ; was made separate quoad sacra
in 1845 ; consists mainly of a peninsula,
the most easterly land of Pomona, but
includes the islands of Copinshay, Corn-
holm, and Horse ; and has a post office
under Kirkwall, an Established church, a
Free church, and a public school with
about 87 scholars. Real property in
1880-81, £1977. Pop. 867.

DEER (NEW), village and parish in
Buchan district, Aberdeenshire. The
village stands 16| miles west of Peterhead,
and has a post office, with money order
department, under Aberdeen, 2 banking-
offices, an Established church of 1840, a
Free church, a United Presbyterian church
of 1877, a Congregational church of 1880,
and a public school with about 155
scholars. — The parish contains also the
villages or hamlets of Whitehill, Knavan,
Cairnbanno, and Brucklaw, and part of
Savoch quoad sacra parish. Its length is
12 miles ; its greatest breadth fully 5
miles ; its area 26,750 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £23,211. Pop., quoad
civilia, 4875 ; quoad sacra, 4097. The
surface is mostly flat, and rises nowhere
higher than about 300 feet above sea-level.
The chief residences are Brucklaw and
Nethermuir ; and the chief antiquities are
ruins of Federate Castle, and vestiges or
sites of many ancient Caledonian monu-
ments. An Established church is at
Savoch, and United Presbyterian churches
are at Savoch and "Whitehill. 8
schools for 880 scholars are within the
parish, exclusive of Savoch, and 3 of
them for 414 are new.

DEER (OLD), village in Buchan district,
Aberdeenshire, and parish partly also in
Banffshire. The village stands on Deer
river, 10^ miles west-by-north of Peter-
head, and has a post office under Mintlaw,
a banking office, Established, Free, and
Episcopalian churches, and 2 public
schools with about 226 scholars. Pop.
252. — The parish contains also the villages
of Steuartfield, Biffy, and Fetterangus,
and consists of a compact main body in
Aberdeenshire, and a detached tract in
Banffshire. The main body measures 11
by 5^ miles, and comprises 24,564 acres ;
and the detached tract comprises 2799
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £25,049
and £3113. Pop., quoad civilia, 5104 ;
quoad sacra, 3772. The surface is partly

flat, but mainly undulating, and includes
many rising grounds, cultivated to the
summit. The chief residence is Pitfour,
and the chief antiquity is the ruin of a
great abbey of the 13th century. A Free
church is at Clola, and United Presby-
terian and Congregational churches are at
Steuartfield. 7 public schools, with about
790 scholars, are in the parish.

DEESIDE, valley of the Dee, partly in
Kincardineshire, but chiefly in Aberdeen-
shire.

DEIL'S BEEF TUB, vast hollow contigu-
ous to public road, 5 miles north-by-west
of Moffat, north verge of Dumfriesshire.
It is described in Sir Walter Scott's
Redqauntlet.

DEIL'S CAUSEWAY, remains of Roman
road in Stonehouse parish, Lanarkshire.

DEIL'S DYKE, ancient line of fortifica-
tion from Loch Ryan in Wigtonshire,
through Minnigaff, Glencairn, Penpont,
and Lochmaben parishes, to upper part of
Solway Firth in Dumfriesshire. It is now
in many parts quite extinct ; in other
parts, more or less obscure ; in some parts,,
still very distinct.

DEIL'S KNAP, hillock, anciently a beacon
or signal post, in Lunan parish, Forfarshire.

DELFOUR, place, with remarkable assem-
blage of ancient Caledonian monuments,
comprising cairn, obelisk, and two stone
circles, in Alvie parish, Inverness-shire.

DELGATTY. See Dalgetty.

DELLAGYLE, place with notable cave in
Knockando parish, Elginshire.

DELNIES, village on coast of Nairn
parish, Nairnshire. It has a public school
with about 115 scholars.

DELNY, place, 3| miles north-east of
Invergordon, Ross-shire. It has a post
office designated of Inverness-shire, and a.
railway station.

DELORAINE, tract on Ettrick river, 17
miles south-west of Selkirk. It gave the
title of earl in 1706 to a branch of th&
family of Scott ; and the title became
extinct in 1807.

DELTING, parish a little north of the
middle of Shetland. It comprehends part
of Mainland between Yell Sound and St.
Magnus Bay, the islands of Muckle Roe
and Little Roe, and the islets of Brother,
Fishholm, and Bigga, and contains the
hamlet of Mossbank, with post office under
Lerwick. Its length is variously stated at
14 and 10 miles, its breadth at 6 and 8
miles. Real property in 1880-81, £2312.
Pop. 1654. The surface is much inter-
sected by the sea, and presents for the
most part a hilly, bleak, and barren
appearance. Caves are at Culsterness and
Trondavoe. The seats are Busta, Garth,
Ulhouse, and Mossbank ; and the chief
antiquities are vestiges or sites of ancient
castles. The churches are 2 Established,.
1 Free, and 1 United Presbyterian. There
are 7 schools for 272 scholars, and 5 of
them for 174 are new.

DELVINE, seat of Sir Alexander M.

DEL

126

DES

Mackenzie, Bart., in Caputh parish,
Perthshire.

DELVORICH, village in Kilmadock
parish, Perthshire.

DEN. See Dean.

DEN, village in Dairy parish, Ayrshire.
Pop. 995.

DENBRAE, seat near St. Andrews, Fife.

DENEND, village in Newtyle parish,
Forfarshire.

DENFENELLA, romantic ravine, with
cascade of 65 feet, spanned by lofty,
handsome bridge, in St. Cyrus parish,
Kincardineshire.

DENHEAD, hamlet in Cameron parish,
Fife. It has a post office under St.
Andrews, and a public school with about
47 scholars.

DENHEAD, hamlet in Logie-Buchan
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Ellon, and a public school
with about 79 scholars.

DENHEAD, village a short distance west
of Dundee.

DENHOLM, village adjacent to the
Teviot, 5 miles north-east of Hawick,
Roxburghshire. It stands on a plateau,
adjoins a picturesque wooded dell, includes
a spacious square, and has a post office
with all departments under Hawick, water-
works of 1874, an obeliskal monument to
the poet Leyden, a Free church, and a
public school with about 187 scholars,
Pop. 592.

DENINO. See Dunino.

DENMILL, village a short distance west
of Dundee.

DENMILL, ruined ancient castellated
seat, 1^ mile south-east of Newburgh,
Fife.

DENNIS, headland in north-east of
North Ronaldshay, Orkney.

DENNISTON, suburb, 1J mile east-by-
north of Royal Exchange, Glasgow. It
was founded in 1860 ; consists of handsome
streets and fine villas in symmetrical ar-
rangement ; presents a pleasant aspect,
strongly contrasted to that of neighbouring
suburbs ; stands in near vicinity to Alex-
andra Park ; communicates by tramway
with most parts of the city ; and contains
a Romanesque Established church of 1877,
a neat steepled Free church of about 1870,
and a costly Italian United Presbyterian
church of 1878.

DENNISTON, suburb of Dumbarton.

DENNY, town and parish in south-east
of Stirlingshire. The town stands on river
Carron, at terminus of branch railway, 1\
miles by road, but 13J by railway, south-
by-east of Stirling ; was only a hamlet in
latter part of last century ; is now a con-
siderable and prosperous seat of manufac-
ture ; comprises j)arts more or less old and
recent within Denny parish, and a large
suburb within Dunipace ; and has a head
post office with all departments, a railway
station, 2 banking offices, several good inns,
Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
and Roman Catholic churches, and a public

school with about 221 scholars. The U.P.
church was reconstructed in 1881 at a cost
of about £12,000. Pop. of town proper,
2823; of town and suburbs, 4080.—
The parish contains also Denny-Loanhead,
Parkfoot, Longcroft, and Fankerton vil-
lages, most of Hollandbush and Haggs,
and part of Bonnybridge. Its length is
6 miles ; its breadth about 4 miles ; its
area 8309 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£24,508. Pop., quoad civilia, 5728 ; quoad
sacra, 3464. A hill-ridge extends through
the centre from east to west ; slopes,
with some undulations, go thence to
the Carron on the north, and to the
Bonny on the south ; and Darrach Hill
rises abruptly and prominently on the
western border. Coal and ironstone are
worked. A chief seat is Myothill, and
chief antiquities are sites of Caledonian
camps. Established churches are at
Haggs and Bonnybridge, and a United
Presbyterian church is at Denny-Loanhead.
4 schools for 792 scholars are within the
parish, and 3 of them for 650 are new.

DENNYBRIDGE, suburb or section of
Denny, Stirlingshire.

DENNYFERN, remains of ancient castle
in Lethnot parish, Forfarshire.

DENNY-LOANHEAD, village, \\ mile
south of Denny, Stirlingshire. It has a
post office under Denny, and a United
Presbyterian church.

DENNYSTON. See Denniston.

DENOON, glen and site of old castle in
Glammis parish, Forfarshire.

DENOVAN, village and mansion in
northern vicinity of Denny, Stirlingshire.

DENSIDE, place, with public school, in
Tannadice parish, Forfarshire.

DERCLEUCH, lake in Straiton parish,
Ayrshire.

DERCULICH, seat and lake in Dull
parish, Perthshire.

DERGAN, rivulet, running northward
to Loch Creran, in Ardchattan parish,
Argyleshire.

DERNAGLAR, lake, 4 miles east of Glen-
luce, Wigtonshire.

DERNCONNER, village in Auchinleck
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 550.

DERNOCK. See Darnick.

DERVAIG, place in north of Mull Island,
Argyleshire. It has a post office, with
money order department, under Oban.

DESKFORD, parish averagely about 3|
miles south of Cullen, Banffshire. It has
a post office under Fochabers. Its length
is about 5 miles ; its breadth about 3
miles ; its area 8155 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £4446. Pop. 849. The sur-
face is a hill-screened valley, traversed
northward by Deskford burn, and cut in
the sides by ravines with small cascades,
The parish gives the peerage title of baron
to the Earl of Seafield, and contains the
ruined residence of his ancestors. The
churches are Established and Free. There
are 2 schools for 207 scholars, and 1 of
them for 175 is new.

DES

127

DIN

DESKIE, quondam chapelry in Inveraven
parish, Banffshire.

DESKRY, rivulet, running about 9 miles
northward to the Don, at upper boundary
of Towie parish, Aberdeenshire.

DESS, railway station and rivulet in
Deeside, Aberdeenshire. The station is
3 miles east of Aboyne, and the rivulet
issues from Auchlossen Loch, makes a fine
waterfall called Slog of Dess, and enters
the Dee in vicinity of the station.

DESSWOOD, seat near Kincardine
O'Neil, Aberdeenshire.

DEUCALEDONIAN SEA, the part of the
Atlantic among and around the Hebrides.

DEUCHAR, seat in Fearn parish, Forfar-
shire.

DEUGH, rivulet , running tortuously about
15 miles to right side of the Ken, at 1\
miles north-by-west of New Galloway,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

DEVANA, site of Roman camp on the
Dee in Peterculter parish, Aberdeenshire.

DEVAR, or DEVAAR, island in mouth
of Campbelton Loch, Kintyre, Argyleshire.
A lighthouse is on it, with revolving light
visible at the distance of 17 nautical miles.

DEVERON, river of Aberdeenshire and
Banffshire. It rises on uplands 4 miles
south-west of Buck of Cabrach ; runs in
various directions, but averagely north-
eastward ; receives in its progress the
Bogie, the Isla, and some lesser affluents ;
has a total course of 35 miles in straight
line, but at least 50 along its bed; is
impetuous in its' upper reaches, but slow
in its middle and lower ones ; descends
from Highland glens to traverse a diversity
of fertile beautiful lowland tracts ; and
enters the sea between Banff and Macduff.

DEVIL'S CALDRON, dark dismal cavern,
with cascade into it from deep narrow
chasm, in course of Lednock river, Perth-
shire.

DEVIL'S CALDRON, enclosed circular
ancient structure, believed to have been
a place of Romish penance, in vale of St.
Blane, Isle of Bute.

DEVIL'S MILL, reverberating cataract
of Devon river, within a fissure a little
above Rumbling Bridge, about 4 miles
east-north-east of Dollar, Clackmannan-
shire.

DEVIL'S STAIRCASE, difficult descend-
ing old road from a point near head of
Glencoe to a point near head of Loch
Leven, on north border of Argyleshire.

DEVOLS, rocky wooded glen, with
brook making two cascades, in western
vicinity of Port - Glasgow, Renfrew-
shire.

DEVON, river of Perthshire, Kinross-
shire, and Clackmannanshire. It rises
near the watershed of the Southern Ochils;
makes a great detour to the east ; has a
total course along its bed of about 26
miles ; and enters the Forth at Cambus,
miles in straight line south-south-west
of its source. Famous cataracts and falls
are on it near Crook of Devon ; and the

scenery over great part of its course is
highly picturesque, and has been celebrated
by Burns.

DEVON, ironworks, and public school
with about 148 scholars, in Clackmannan
parish, Clackmannanshire.

DEVON (BLACK or SOUTH), rivulet,
running about 6 miles westward and south-
westward to the Forth, at \\ mile below
Alloa.

DEVONHILL, place on _ west side of
Hamilton parish, Lanarkshire.

DEVONSHAW, seat about 2 \ miles
east-north-east of Dollar, Clackmannan-
shire.

DEVONSHAW, hill, with ancient cir-
cular camp, in "Wandell parish, Lanark-
shire.

DEVONSIDE, village in Tillicoultry
parish, Clackmannanshire. Pop. 479.

DEVON VALLEY RAILWAY, railway
from Tillicoultry station of Stirling and
Dunfermline Railway into junction with
the Fife and Kinross. It was opened on
1st May 1863, and became amalgamated
with the North British in January 1875.

DEWAR, hamlet and lofty hill in Heriot
parish, Edinburghshire.

DEWARTON, village in Borthwick par-
ish, Edinburghshire.

DEWS, quondam lake in Fetteresso
parish, Kincardineshire.

DHAIL, hamlet and headland, 5 miles
south-west of Butt of Lewis, Outer Heb-
rides.

DHIVACH. See DiVACH.

DHU, lake, overhung by precipices more
than 1000 feet high, in Glenmuick parish,
Aberdeenshire. A rill drops into it from
a height of about 200 feet ; and a brook,
forming a series of small cascades, goes
from it to Loch Muick.

DHU, lake in Wick parish, Caithness.

DHU, mountain in Luss parish, Dum-
bartonshire.

DHUISK, or DUSK, rivulet, running
about 10 miles north-eastward to the
Stinchar, in south of Carrick, Ayrshire.

DICHMOUNT, hill in St. Vigeans par-
ish, Forfarshire. Its summit is crowned
with a large cairn, and was anciently the
seat of baronial courts.

DICHMOUNT, Lanarkshire. See Dech-

MONT.

DIFFICULTY, cape in south-west of
Harris, Outer Hebrides.

DIGHTY, small river, running about 15
miles eastward to Firth of Tay, at 2 miles
east of Broughty Ferry, Forfarshire.

DIGMORE, small harbour in North Uist,
Outer Hebrides.

DIKEHEAD. See Dykehead.

DILLICHIP, printworks in Bonhill par-
ish, Dumbartonshire.

DILTY, morass in Carmylie and Guthrie
parishes, Forfarshire.

DINARD, lake and rivulet in north-west
of Sutherland. The lake lies among
mountains on south verge of Durness
parish, measures about 3 miles in circuit,

DIN

128

DOC

and is overlooked by a cave which the
Lords Reay used as a sporting-lodge ; and
the rivulet issues from it, runs im-
petuously about 8 miles northward, is
overhung midway by Benspionna, and
enters the head of Kyle of Durness.

DINGLETON, suburb of Melrose, Rox-
burghshire.

DINGWALL, town and parish in south-
east of Ross-shire. The town stands in
mouth of Strathpeffer, at head of Crom-
arty Firth, 18^ miles north-west of Inver-
ness ; ranks as a seaport, a royal burgh,
and the capital of Ross-shire ; unites with
Cromarty, Tain, Dornoch, Wick, and
Kirkwall in sending a member to Parlia-
ment ; comprises a main street about \
mile long, and a number of small streets
and lanes ; and has a head post office with
all departments, a railway station, 3 bank-
ing offices, 2 hotels, fine castellated County
Buildings, an obeliskal monument erected
by the first Earl of Cromarty, foundations
and fosse of ancient castle of the Earls of
Ross, handsome Established, Free, and
Episcopalian churches of respectively 1801,
1869, and 1872, and 2 public schools with
jointly about 326 scholars. Real property
in 1880-81, exclusive of railway, £7408.
Pop. 1921 . — The parish is nearly an
oblong of about lOf square miles. Real
property of landward part in 1880-81,
£4993. Pop. 2220. The surface includes
a skirt of Benwyvis and a part of Strath-
peffer, is elsewhere diversified by hill and
valley, and presents on the whole a very
beautiful appearance. There are 3 schools
for 445 scholars, and an enlargement of 1
of them for 150 is new.

DINGWALL, extinct ancient baronial
fortalice on site of St. James square, Edin-
burgh.

DINGY'S HOW, ancient tumulus, 30 feet
high, in St. Andrews parish, Orkney.

DINLABYRE, estate and burn, the
latter with beautiful cascade, in Castleton
parish, Roxburghshire.

DINNET, place, 4| miles west of Aboyne,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Aberdeen, a railway station, and a quoad
sacra parochial church for a pop. of 311.
Dinnet burn, entering the Dee in its vicinity,
receives the effluence of lakes in Tullich
and Logie-Coldstone parishes, and may be
regarded as the boundary between the
Highlands and the Lowlands of Deeside.

DINWOODIE, old chapelry, now forming
northern section of Applegarth parish,
Dumfriesshire. It has a railway station
%\ miles north of Lockerby.

DIONARD. See DlNARD.

DIPPEN, headland near south-eastern
extremity of Arran Island, Buteshire. It
rises almost vertically to the height of
about 300 feet, and is leaped by a brook
forming a curve of spray.

DIPPEN, seat on south-east side of West
Loch Tarbert, Argyleshire.

DIPPLE, ancient parish, now included in
Speymouth, Elginshire.

DIPPOOL, rivulet, running about 1\
miles south-westward to the Mouse, in
Lanarkshire.

DIRIE, head - stream of the Conan, in
Ross-shire.

DIRLET, ancient castle, on high preci-
pitous rock overhanging Thurso river, in
Halkirk parish, Caithness.

DIRLETON, village and parish on coast of
Haddingtonshire. The village stands about
LJ mile from the sea, and 3 miles south-
west-by-west of North Berwick ; occupies
the sides of a large triangular green ;
comprises neat modern cottages with
garden plots on two sides, and massive ruins
of Dirleton Castle on the third side ; and
has a post office under Drem, a railway
station, a fine bowling-green, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 121 scholars. Pop. 343.
The castle was built in the 12th century
by the family of Vaux; made strong re-
sistance to the English in 1298, but was
taken and held by them till 1306 ; passed
afterwards to the Halyburtons, and gave
them the peerage title of Lords Dirleton,
a title now held by the Earl of Mar ; was
captured and dismantled by Cromwell ;
and is noticed by Sir Walter Scott in his
Border Antiquities. — The parish contains
also the villages of Gulane, Kingston, and
Fenton, and is 5% miles long and 4 miles
broad. Acres, 9146. Real property in
18S0-81, £16,955. Pop. 1506. The sur-
face, though diversified by two low parallel
ridges, looks to be flat ; and includes, be-
tween Dirleton village and the sea, a tract
long famous as a remarkably fine coursing-
field. The chief residence is Archerfield,
and the chief antiquity, besides Dirleton
Castle, is the ruined church of Gulane.

DIRRINGTONS, two conical hills, Great
and Little, in Longformacus parish, Ber-
wickshire.

DIRU, lake and offset of Benloyal in
Tongue parish, Sutherland.

DISBLAIR, estate, with mansion and
public school, in Fintray parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

DISTINCTHORN, mountain, 1258 feet
high, 6 miles east-south-east of Galston,
eastern border of Ayrshire. It commands a
magnificent view.

DIVACH, affluent of the Coiltie in Ur-
quhart parish, Inverness-shire. It makes
a profound waterfall, equal in picturesque-
ness to the Fall of Foyers.

DIVIE, picturesque rivulet, rising on
Brae Moray, and running about 10 miles
north-westward to the Findhorn, in Elgin-
shire.

DOCHART, lake and river in Killin
parish, Perthshire. The lake lies in the
head of Glendochart, receives the rivulet
Fillan from Strathfillan, is overhung on
the south by Benmore, measures about
3 miles in length, and contains a floating
islet. The river issues from the lake, runs
about 10 miles east-north-eastward along
the rest of Glendochart, and unites with

DOC

129

DOO

the Lochy to fall into Loch Tay at Killin
village.

DOCHFOUR, lake, burn, and seat, about
4 miles south-west of Inverness. The lake
is a terminating wing of Loch Ness, and
measures about mile in length. The
burn makes some fine cascades, and falls
into the lake. The seat is on the lake's left
side, and is a handsome Venetian edifice.

DOCHGARROCH, burn and regulating
lock on Caledonian Canal, near foot of
Loch Ness, Inverness-shire.

DOCHIE, quondam chapelry in Monifieth
parish, Forfarshire.

DOD, hill in Castleton parish, Roxburgh -
shire.

DODHEAD, low hill-ridge in Newlands
parish, Peeblesshire.

DOG, islet in Menteith Loch, Port-of-
Menteith parish, Perthshire.

DOGDEN, extensive moss in Greenlaw
and "Westruther parishes, Berwickshire.

DOGS, small island in Loch Laggan,
Inverness-shire.

DOGS, ferry on Loch Leven on mutual
border of Argyleshire and Inverness-shire.

DOG'S STONE, isolated rock, subject of
curious legends, on the shore near Oban,
Argyleshire.

DOINE, lake in Balquhidder parish,
Perthshire.

DOLL, rivulet and glen in Clova parish,
Forfarshire.

DOLLAR, parish in Clackmannanshire,
and town slightly also in Perthshire. The
town stands on a sloping plain, between
Devon river and the Ochils, 6£ miles
north-east of Alloa ; presents a charming
appearance, amid picturesque scenery ;
consists of old section, new section, and
long outskirt of villas ; and has a post
office with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Clackmannan-
shire, a railway station, a banking office,
a hotel, a large endowed educational in-
stitution, a parochial church of 1841, a
Free church, a United Presbyterian church
of 1877, and an Episcopalian church of
1880. Pop. 2014.— The parish is about 3
miles long, and comprises 4773 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £12,247. _ Pop. 2500.
The surface comprises a fine plain or valley,
with part of the Ochils on the north, and
gently rising ground on the south. Coal
is largely worked, and iron-ore abounds.
A chief object is Castle Campbell. There
are 3 schools with accommodation for 1680
scholars.

DOLLARBURN, old tower in Manor
parish, Peeblesshire.

DOLLAR LAW, mountain,2680 feet high,
with extensive view, 9 miles south-west
of Peebles.

DOLLARS, seat near Kilmarnock, Ayr-
shire.

DOLLAS. See Dallas.

DOLLERIE, seat in Madderty parish,
Perthshire.

DOLLS, place, with distillery, near Men-
strie, Clackmannanshire.

DOLPHINSTON, hamlet, with some
ancient ruins, 2 miles west of Tranent,
Haddingtonshire.

DOLPHINTON, hamlet and parish on
south-east border of Lanarkshire. The
hamlet lies 11£ miles south-east of Car-
stairs Junction, and has a post office,
designated of Peeblesshire, a railway
station, a parochial church, and a public
school with about 61 scholars. — The
parish is about 3 miles long, and com-
prises 3574 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £3519. Pop. 292, The surface
has a minimum altitude of about 700 feet
above sea-level, and contains the conical
mount of Keir Hill, and the mountain of
Dolphinton Hill, yet is mostly arable.

DOLPHISTON, hamlet, with ancient
tower, 4| miles south-south-east of Jed-
burgh, Roxburghshire.

DOLT, hill in Kirkmaiden parish, Wig-
tonshire.

DON, river of Aberdeenshire. It rises
on a spur of Cairngorm Mountains, at
boundary with Banffshire ; runs crookedly
in eastward direction to the sea about a
mile north-east of Old Aberdeen ; and
achieves a course of 44 miles measured in
straight line, but probably double that
distance along its bed. Its chief affluents
are the Conry, the Carvy, and tbe Leochel
on the right, and the Ernan, the Nochty,
the Bucket, the Kindy, and the Ury on
the left. Its basin for about 18 miles
from its source is prevailingly upland, but
afterwards includes much meadow and
valley, and throughout contains a large
aggregate of delightful scenery.

DON, sea-loch, 4 miles long, on east coast
of Mull Island, opposite Kerrera, Argyle-
shire.

DONALDS, cleugh in Tweedsmuir parish,
Peeblesshire. It was a retreat of the
famous Covenanter, Donald Cargill.

DONAN, small island in Loch Alsh,
Ross-shire. See also Castle-Donan.

DONAVOURD, seat near Pitlochrie,
Perthshire.

DON (BRIDGE OF). See Bridge of Don.

DONIBRISTLE, village and noble seat,
between Aberdour and Inverkeithing, on
coast of Fife. The village is inhabited
chiefly by colliers, and has a public school
with about 138 scholars. Pop. 502.
The seat was originally the residence of
the abbot of Inchcolm ; underwent en-
largement to become the residence of the
Earl of Moray ; and was destroyed by fire
in 1858.

DONKINS, place, with limeworks, in
Middlebie parish, Dumfriesshire.

DOON, lake in Kirkcudbrightshire and
Ayrshire, and river dividing Carrick from
Kyle in Ayrshire. The lake measures 6
miles in length, and from 3 to 6 furlongs
in breadth ; is engirt with wild, sequestered
uplands ; contains an islet with ruined
ancient castle ; and makes its effluence
through artificial sluices. The river com-
mences at these sluices ; runs for about a

I

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130

DOU

mile along a deep narrow ravine ; proceeds
about 16 miles north - westward to the
Firth of Clyde at 2 miles south of Ayr ;
and, in its lower reaches, has the bosky,
picturesque character celebrated in Burns'
' Banks and Braes o' Bonnie Doon. '

DOON, steep lofty termination of hill-
range in Tynron parish, Dumfriesshire.
It was anciently fortified, and was the
retreat of King Kobert Bruce after the
death of Comyn.

DOON, termination of hill-range in
Glencairn parish, Dumfriesshire.

DOON, hill in Spott parish, Haddington-
shire.

DOONHOLM, seat on the Doon in Ayr
parish, Ayrshire.

DORARY, section of Thurso parish,
Caithness. It lies detached 4 miles from
the main body, and is encompassed by
Sutherland.

DORBACK, affluent of the Findhorn, in
Edenkillie parish, Elginshire.

DORBACK, place, with public school, in
Abernethy parish, Inverness-shire.

DORBSHILL, place, with public school,
in Logie-Buchan parish, Aberdeenshire.

DOREHOLM, rock-islet in St. Magnus
Bay, Shetland. It has a grand natural
arch, 54 feet high.

DORES, village and parish in Inverness-
shire. The village stands at foot of Loch
Ness, 8 miles south-west of Inverness, and
has a post office under Inverness, and a
parochial church with 500 sittings. — The
parish is about 20 miles long, and 3 or 4
miles broad, and comprises 25,693 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £8745. Pop.
1148. The surface includes a narrow
strip of low ground along Loch Ness, the
small vale of Farigag, and part of Strath-
errick. The chief seats are Aldowrie,
Eregie, and Gortleg ; and the chief an-
tiquity is the vestige of Dun-Bichuan
fort. There is a Free church for Dores
and Bona, and there are public schools at
Aldowrie, Bunchrubbin, and Stratherrick.

DORES, quondam castle, said to have
been a residence of Macbeth, on a hill-top
in Kettins parish, Forfarshire.

DORMONT, seat in Dalton parish, Dum-
friesshire.

DORNADILLA, Scandinavian tower at
south base of Benhope, in Durness parish,
Sutherland.

DORNAL, lake, 10 miles north-north-
west of Newton-Stewart, "Wigtonshire.

DORNIE, village in Kintail parish, Ross-
shire. It has a post office under Lochalsh,
and a public school with about 35 scholars.

DORNOCH, town and parish in south-
east corner of Sutherland, and firth on
mutual border of Sutherland and Ross-
shire. The town stands on north side of
the firth, 6 miles in straight line, but 10 by
road and ferry, north-by-east of Tain ; was
the seat of the old diocese of Sutherland
and Caithness ; became a royal burgh in
the time of Charles I., and unites with
Tain and four other burghs in sending

a member to Parliament ; is only a village
in size, yet the capital of Sutherland
in status ; had an ancient, large, strong,
palatial castle with lofty tower ; retains
its ancient cathedral, restored in 1837, and
used as the parochial church ; and has
a post office with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of
Sutherland shire, a banking office, a
hotel, County Buildings adjoined to the
ancient castle's tower, a Free church, a
public library, and a public school. Real
property in 1880-81, £920. Pop. 497.—
The parish contains also the villages of
Clashmore and Embo, and measures about
11 miles by 6. Real property of land-
ward part in 1880-81, £7579. Pop. 2525.
The shore is mostly flat and sandy ; and
the interior is partly flat and partly an
alternation of straths and hill - ridges.
Skibo Castle is the chief seat ; and an
ancient structure of the same name, de-
molished in last century, was the residence
of the bishops of Sutherland and Caith-
ness. 7 schools for 771 scholars are
in the parish, and 2 of them and a class-
room for 299 are new. — The firth is the
estuary of the river Oikell ; extends 10
miles east-south-eastward, with maxi-
mum width of If mile ; contracts at
Meikle Ferry, 4 miles above Tain ; makes
a sudden expansion there, and goes 13
miles eastward and north-eastward to a
terminating width of about 12 miles.

DORNOCK, village and parish on southern
border of Annandale, Dumfriesshire. The
village stands 3 miles west of Annan, and
has a post office under Annan, a rail-
way station, a parochial church, and 2
public schools with about 181 scholars.
The parish contains also Lowtherton
village, and measures about 4 miles
by 2§. Acres, 4626. Real property in
1880-81, £6805. Pop. 814. The Solway
Firth forms the southern boundary, and is
here 2 miles wide. The coast is low and
sandy, and the interior is a slightly in-
clined plain, nearly all arable.

DORRAL, burn in Dallas parish, Elgin-
shire.

DORUS-MOR, strait between Craignish
point and Garbhreisa islet at mouth of
Loch Crinan, Argyleshire.

DOSK, old parish, now forming Kin-
cardineshire section of Edzell.

DOUBLE, hill with two summits, one of
them commanding a grand view, in Res-
cobie parish, Forfarshire.

DOUBLE-DYKES, remains of extensive
ancient fortification in Stonehouse parish,
Lanarkshire.

DOUGLAS, river, town, castle, and parish
in upper ward of Lanarkshire. The river
rises on Cairntable Mountain, and runs
about 16 miles north-eastward to the
Clyde at 3g miles south-east of Lanark. —
The town stands on the river, 11 miles by
road south-south- west of Lanark ; is an
ancient place, long of great importance,
but now much decayed; and has a post

DOU

131

DOW

office, with money order and telegraph de-
partments, under Lanark, a railway station,
2 banking offices, choir of ancient church
with monuments of the Earls of Douglas,
a modern parochial church, Free and
United Presbyterian churches, and 2 public
schools with about 134 scholars. Pop.
1262. — The castle stands on the river
about -jj mile north-east of the town, but
is twofold, ancient and modern. The
ancient castle belonged to the earls who
so often competed in power and grandeur
with the Scottish kings ; gave the title of
duke from 1703 till 1761 to one of their
successors ; gives still the title of marquis
to the Duke of Hamilton, and that of
baron to the Earl of Home ; figured much
in the wars of the succession ; is the 'Castle
Dangerous ' of Sir Walter Scott's last novel ;
and has been reduced to one ruined tower.
The modern castle was erected in the latter
part of last century, displays much magni-
ficence, and belongs to the Earl of Home.
— The parish contains also the villages of
Bigside and Uddington, and is 12 miles
long, and from 4 to 7 miles broad. Acres,
34,137. Real property in 1880-81, £21,182.
Pop. 2641. The surface comprehends
most of the basin of Douglas river, and is
mountainous or moorish along the upper
parts of the basin, but has a fine strath
opening into luxuriant valley in the centre.
Coal abounds, and is largely worked. The
seats, besides Douglas Castle, are Carma-
coup, Polmunckshead, and Crossburn.
Free and Reformed Presbyterian churches
are at Rigside. 4 schools for 494
scholars are in the parish, and 1 of them
for 250 is new.

DOUGLAS, burn, running about 6 miles
south-eastward to the Yarrow, at 2 miles
from foot of St. Mary's. Loch, Selkirkshire.

DOUGLAS, burn, running about 7 miles
eastward to Loch Fyne, at 3 miles south of
Inverary, Argyleshire.

DOUGLAS, burn, running about 5 miles
east-south-eastward, to Loch Lomond, at
Lower Inveruglas, Dumbartonshire.

DOUGLAS, estate in Clammis parish,
Forfarshire.

DOUGLASDALE, variously Douglas
parish, the basin of Douglas river, and
all middle ward of Lanarkshire.

DOUGLAS MILL, place, 2 miles north-
east of Douglas town, Lanarkshire.

DOUGLAS MOOR, large section of Craw-
ford parish, Lanarkshire.

DOUGLAS PARK, seat in Bothwell
parish, Lanarkshire.

DOUGLASTOWN, village, 3£ miles south-
west of Forfar. It has a post office under
Forfar.

DOULAS, lake in Lairg parish, Sutherland.

DOULOCH, lacustrine expansion of Shira
rivulet, to within £ mile of Loch Fyne, in
Inverary parish, Argyleshire. Vestiges of
an old castle are on its bank.

DOUN, mountain, 2409 feet high, 5 miles
north-north-east of Garelochhead, Dum-
bartonshire.

DOUNBY, place, with post office under
Finstown, in Pomona, Orkney.

DOUNE, town at confluence of the Teith
and the Ardoch, 3 miles west of Dunblane,
Perthshire. It comprises 3 good streets and
a suburb ; is a place of considerable resort
in summer ; has a post office with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Perthshire, a railway station,
2 banking offices, 2 hotels, a famous
ancient ruined castle, a remarkable old
bridge, a Gothic towered Established
church, Free and United Presbyterian
churches, an Episcopalian church of 1877,
and 3 public schools with about 278
scholars ; and gives the title of baron
to the Earl of Moray. Its castle was long
the seat of the Earls of Menteith ; became
a residence of two regents of Scotland, a
resort of the dowager queen of James v.,
and a resort of Queen Mary ; was held in
1745 by the forces of Prince Charles
Edward; figures in Sir Walter Scott's
Waverley and Lady of the Lake; and is
now a roofless, massive, quadrangular pile,
with huge corner tower. Pop. of the town,
996. Doune Lodge, about a mile to the
north-west, is a seat of the Earl of Moray.

DOUNE, place, with public school, in
Kincardine parish, Ross-shire.

DOUNE, hill, with vitrified fort, in Criech
parish, Sutherland.

DOUNE, hill in Ardclach parish, Nairn-
shire.

DOUNE, conical mound, formerly forti-
fied, in Strathdon parish, Aberdeenshire.

DOUNE, conical hill, formerly fortified,
in Edenkillie parish, Elginshire.

DOUNE, seat in Rothiemurchus quoad
sacra parish, Inverness-shire.

DOUNE, Dumbartonshire. See Doun.

DOUR, burn in Aberdour parish, Aber-
deenshire.

DOURA, collier village in Kilwinning
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 222.

DOURY, burn in Marykirk parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

DOVE, coast cave in Fordyce parish,
Banffshire.

DOVECOTAMINS, highest ground in
Coldstream parish, Berwickshire.

DOVECOTHALL, suburb of Barrhead,
Renfrewshire.

DOVECOTLAND, village, suburban to
Perth.

DOVECOTWOOD, fragment of very strong
old castle in Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

DOVERAN. See Deveron.

DOVESLAND, section or suburb of
Paisley, Renfrewshire.

DOWAL, lacustrine expansion of river
Carron, with 3 islets, in Lochcarron
parish, Ross-shire.

DOWALLY, village and parish in Strath -
tay district, Perthshire. The village stands
on a burn of its own name, 4J miles north-
by-west of Dunkeld, dates from the Culdee
times, and has a small parochial church of
1818, and a public school with about 63
scholars. — The parish was a chapelry of

DOW

132

DRI

Caputh, became separate in 1500, and is
now united to Dunkeld ; and it comprises
a main body of 6 miles along the Tay, and
a detached district of about £ mile along
the Tummel. Acres of Dowally and Dun-
keld, 9456. Keal property in 1880-81,
£3350. Pop. 791. The main body con-
sists of a belt of low ground contiguous
to the Tay, and a wooded range of over-
hanging heights ; and includes the pictur-
esque rocky hills of Craigiebarns and
Craigievinean, together with the King's
pass.

DOWALTON, fine lake, with island, 2|
miles west of Garlieston, Wigtonshire.

DOWALTY, hill -ridge in Banchory-
Ternan parish, Kincardineshire.

DOWANHILL, handsome new suburb
immediately west of Billhead, Glasgow.
It contains the city observatory, and a
United Presbyterian church.

DOWANVALE, suburb of Partick, Glas-
gow. It has a Free church, erected in
1880-81, and fronting Dowanhill.

DOWGLEN, burn in Westerkirk parish,
Dumfriesshire.

DOWIE BENS, quondam moor, now en-
closed and cultivated, near Yarrow church,
Selkirkshire. It was the scene of some
dismal event commemorated in a famous
ancient ballad, and it formerly had upwards
of 20 large cairns, but has now no other
antiquity than two large unhewn stones.

DOWN, hill in Dunbar parish, Hadding-
tonshire.

DOWN, conical verdant hill in Fossa way
parish, Perthshire.

DOWN, curious hillock, with vertical
rocky front, in Fintry parish, Stirlingshire.

DOWNAN, place, with old burying-
ground, in Inveraven parish, Banffshire.

DOWNFIELD, village in Mains parish,
Forfarshire. It has a post office, with
money order department, under Dundee,
and a public school with about 75 scholars.
Pop. 349.

DOWNFIELD, hill, with ruined ancient
fortification, in Kettle parish, Fife.

DOWNIE, hill-ridge in Monikie parish,
Forfarshire.

DOWNIE, bold headland at south side of
Stonehaven Bay, Kincardineshire.

DOWNIE PARK, seat inTannadice parish,
Forfarshire.

DOWNIES, fishing village, 6 miles north-
west of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire.

DRAFFAN, quondam castle, supposed
to have been Danish, in Dunino parish,
Fife.

DRAFFAN, place in Lesmahagow parish,
Lanarkshire. It has a public school with
about 112 scholars.

DRAGON-HOLE, cave on face of Kinnoul
Hill, near Perth.

DRAINIE, parish containing Lossiemouth
town, Branderburgh and Seatown suburbs,
and Stotfield village, on coast of Elginshire.
Its length is about 4 miles ; its breadth
about 2 miles ; its area 6949 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £12,100. Pop. 3991.

Part of the coast is flat and low, and part
is bold and rocky. A foreshore about a
mile broad is at the low part ; and a reef
with skerry, at about a mile's distance,
lies parallel to the bold part. The interior,
except at the bold part of the coast, is low
and nearly level. Caves are on the coast,
and the site of the strong ancient castle of
Kinnedder adjoins the churchyard. The
parochial church stands in a central posi-
tion, and contains 700 sittings ; and Estab-
lished, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches are at Lossiemouth. 4 schools
for 731 scholars are in the parish, and 2 of
them for 485 are new.

DRAKEMUIR, village in Dairy parish,
Ayrshire. Pop. 325.

DREAMBEG, place on the coast, near
mouth of Kyle-Skou, in west of Sutherland.

DREEL, burn entering Firth of Forth
at Anstruther, Fife.

DREGHORN, village and parish in Cun-
ningham district, Ayrshire. The village
stands 2 miles east of Irvine, commands
a fine view, and has a post office with
money order department, designated of
Ayrshire, a railway station, a parochial
church, an Evangelical Union chapel,
and a public school with about 378
scholars. Pop. 928. — The parish con-
tains also Overton and Perceton villages,
and most of Bankhead town. Its length
is about 8 miles ; its breadth from f mile
to 2 miles ; its area 5626 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1879-80, £25,858. Pop. 3949.
The land at the south-west end, only a
mile from the coast, is a low dead flat ; it
rises thence, in gentle undulations, toward
the east and north-east ; and it is nearly
all arable and luxuriant. Coal is exten-
sively worked, and ironstone, limestone,
and sandstone are found. Seats are Annock
Lodge, Perceton, "Warwickhill, and Cun-
ninghamhead. A Free church, erected in
1877, is at Perceton. 4 schools for 830
scholars are in the parish, and 2 of them
and an enlargement for 540 are new.

DREGHORN, seat in Colinton parish,
Edinburghshire.

DREINIGH, small island near Lismore,
in Loch Linnhe, Argyleshire.

DREM, village, adjacent to railway junc-
tion, 17^ miles east of Edinburgh. It has
a head post office with money order and
telegraph departments, a railway station,
and remains of a Knights Templars' estab-
lishment, and is near vestiges of a fortified
ancient Caledonian town.

DRHUIM, narrow, wooded, picturesque
reach of the Beauly's vale, 1\ miles long,
with a series of cascades, in Kilmorack
parish, Inverness-shire.

DRIMACHTOR, ancient forest in Laggan
parish, Inverness-shire.

DRIMADOWN, bay on south-west coast
of Arran Island, Buteshire.

DRIMCUDDEN, estate in Resolis parish,
Ross-shire.

DRIMDRISSAIG, seat in South Knapdale
parish, Argyleshire.

DRI

133

DRU

DRIMINISH, headland on north coast of
Ardnamnrchan peninsula, Argyleshire.

DRIMMIE, seat in Rescobie parish, For-
farshire.

DRIMMIE, extensive heathy tract, for-
merly forest, in Blairgowrie parish, Perth-
shire.

DRIMMIES, hill in Inverury parish,
Aberdeenshire.

DRIMNIN, place on east side of Sound
of Mull, opposite Tobermory, Argyleshire.
It has a post office under Oban, a mansion,
and a Roman Catholic chapel, the latter
on site of an ancient castle.

DRIMREE, place, with rude monuments
of an ancient battle, in Craignish parish,
Argyleshire.

DRIMSYNIE, seat near head of Loch
Goil, Argyleshire.

DRIMVIRK, seat at mouth of Creran
river, in Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

DRIMYEONBEG, bay on east side of
Gigha Island, Argyleshire.

DRINLEAH, ancient battlefield, with
numerous sepulchral tumuli, in Criech
parish, Sutherland.

DRIP. See Beidge of Deip.

DRIPPS, estate in Lanarkshire section
of Cathcart parish.

DROCHIL, unfinished, well-preserved,
massive baronial fortalice, erected by Re-
gent Morton, at confluence of the Lyne
and Tarth, 7 miles noifch-west of Peebles.

DROICHS, burn traversing deep narrow
vale on mutual boundary of Alford and
Leochel parishes, Aberdeenshire.

DROMORE, railway station, 18| miles
west-south-west of Castle-Douglas, Kirk-
cudbrightshire. See also Deumoee.

DRON, parish, with church, about 5
miles south of Perth. Its post town is
Bridge of Earn. Its. length is about 3£
miles ; its breadth about 3 miles ; its area
4188 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£4918. Pop. 335. The southern section
is part of the Ochils, and the northern
one is a rich sloping plain. The seats are
Balmanno and Glenearn, and a remarkable
object is a large rocking-stone. The public
school has about 56 scholars.

DRON, hill, with ruins of ancient chapel,
in Longforgan parish, Perthshire.

DRONGAN, collier village, estate, and
old tower, in Stair parish, Ayrshire.

DRONGS, mural cloven rock, about 100
feet high, off south coast of Northmaven,
Shetland.

DRONLY, village and burn in Auchter-
house parish, Forfarshire.

DRONOCHY, rising ground, with remains
of ancient sculptured cross, in Forteviot
parish, Perthshire.

DRUIDIBEG, lake, with several islets, in
South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

DRUIE, small affluent of the Spey in
Duthill parish, Inverness-shire.

DRUIM. See Dehuim.

DRUIMNACOUP, ancient battlefield,
with tumuli, in Tongue parish, Sutherland.

DRUM, railway station and seat, 10

miles west-south- west of Aberdeen. The
surrounding estate was part of a royal
forest, and passed to a family celebrated
in the ballad of the 'Lairds of Drum.'

DRUM, lake, covering 85 acres, in
Drumoak parish, Aberdeenshire.

DRUM, seat in Liberton parish, Edin-
burghshire.

DRUM, burn in Kilsyth parish, Stirling-
shire.

DRUMACHARGAN, conical hill in Moni-
vaird parish, Perthshire.

DRUMALBIN, the Central Grampians,
under ancient mistaken notion of their
being a continuous range.

DRUMALBIN, hill in Carmichael parish,
Lanarkshire.

DRUMBAIG, place in Assynt parish,
Sutherland. It has a public school with
about 72 scholars.

DRUMBATHIE, suburb of Airdrie, Lan-
arkshire.

DRUMBLADE, parish averagely about 4
miles east of Huntly, Aberdeenshire. It
has a post office under Huntly. Its
length is about 6 miles ; its breadth from
less than 2 to about 5 miles. Real
property in 1880-81, £8533. Pop. 943.
The land is partly flat, and partly a
diversity of small hills and intervening
vales. The only seat is Lessendrum ;
and the chief antiquities are rude monu-
ments associated with the history of King
Robert Bruce. The churches are Established
and Free. There are 2 schools with ac-
commodation for 150 scholars.

DRUMBLAIR, seat in Forgue parish,
Aberdeenshire.

DRUMBROIDER, hill in Muiravonside
parish, Stirlingshire.

DRUMBURN, hamlet in Newabbey par-
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

DRUMCARRO, hill in Cameron parish,
Fife.

DRUMCLAIR, village in Slamannan par-
ish, Stirlingshire. Pop. 252.

DRUMCLOG, moorland locality, 7 miles
west of Strathaven, Lanarkshire. It was
the scene, on a Sabbath in 1679, of a
famous skirmish- victory by a conventicle of
Covenanters over a small body of troopers
under Claverhouse ; and it contains a
monument commemorative of the event,
and has a post office under Strathaven.

DRUMCOLTRAN, strong old tower in
Kirkgunzeon parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

DRUMDERFIT, hill-ridge in Avoch par-
ish, Ross-shire.

DRUMDERG, hill, 1383 feet high, 7 miles
north-by- west of Blairgowrie, Perthshire.

DRUMDERG, abrupt prominent hill,
flanking part of Loth glen, in Loth parish,
Sutherland.

DRUMDOLLO, place in Ythan-Wells
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a public
school with about 90 scholars.

DRUMDOUAN, burn in Lumphanan
parish, Aberdeenshire.

DRUMDUAN, seat near Forres, Elgin-
shire.

DRU

DRU

DRUMELIE, lake in Kinloch parish,
Perthshire.

DRUMFIN, seat on Mary's Lake, near
Tobermory, Argyleshire.

DRUMGEITH, place on north-east side
of Dundee parish, Forfarshire. It has a
public school with about 72 scholars.

DRUMGELLOCH, village suburban to
Airdrie, Lanarkshire.

DRUMGLYE, village in Glammis parish,
Forfarshire.

DRUMIN, ruined old castle in Inveraven
parish, Banffshire.

DRUMINNOR3>old mansion in Auchindoir
parish, Aberdeenshire.

DRUMKILBO, seat in Meigle parish,
Perthshire.

DRUMLAMFORD, seat in Colmonell
parish, Ayrshire.

DRUMLANRIG, a seat of the Duke of
Buccleuch, on the Nith, 3^ miles north-
north-west of Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.
It was erected in 1679-89 ; is a turretted,
open quadrangle, in the style characteristic
of Inigo Jones; presents a grand appear-
ance, as seen from many points for several
miles around ; and has a very extensive
and richly ornate park.

DRUMLEMBLE, village, 4 miles west-
south-west of Campbelton, Argyleshire. It
has a public school with about 87 scholars.

DRUMLEY, seat in Tarbolton parish,
Ayrshire.

DRUMLITHIE, village, 6 miles south-west
of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire. It has a
post office under Fordoun, a railway sta-
tion, and an Episcopalian church. Pop. 239.

DRUMLOCHAN, burn, running to the
Findhorn, in Ardclach parish, Nairnshire.

DRUMMELZIER, parish, with church
near the Tweed, 9 miles south-west of
Peebles. Its post town is Eachan Mill,
under Biggar. Its length is 13 miles ; its
breadth from f mile to 5 miles ; its area
17,948 acres. Beal property in 1880-81,
£4580. Pop. 208. The surface includes
fine haughs and strips of vale, but is
mostly mountainous. Drummelzier Castle
was the baronial fortalice of the Tweedies,
noticed by Sir Walter Scott in introduction
to The Betrothed ; but is now a fragment-
ary ruin. Traces of a Boman road are
on one of the mountains. The public
school has about 44 scholars.

DRUMMIETERMON, village in Dun-
nichen parish, Forfarshire.

DRUMMOCHY, village in Largo parish,
Fife.

DRUMMOND, village, with public school,
in Kiltearn parish. Boss-shire.

DRUMMOND, wooded hill, with gorgeous
view, and with remains of great ancient
Caledonian fortifications, in vicinity of
Kenmore, Perthshire.

DRUMMOND, hills dividing upper vale
of Spey from Loch Laggan, in Inverness-
shire.

DRUMMOND CASTLE, noble mansion,
2} miles south of Crieff, Perthshire. It
was the seat of the Earls of Perth ; passed

to Lords Willoughby d'Eresby ; is variously
old and modern ; was visited in 1842 by
Queen Victoria ; and has singularly fine
gardens and an extensive ornate park.

DRUMMOSSIE, extensive moor, includ-
ing battlefield of Culloden, on mutual
border of Inverness and Dores parishes,
Inverness-shire.

DRUMMUIR, railway station between
Auchindachy and Dufftown, Banffshire.

DRUMNADROCHIT, place at mouth of
Glenurquhart, near Loch Ness, Inverness-
shire. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Inverness-shire, and a large inn.

DRUMNAMURG, estate in Killearnan
parish, Boss -shire.

DRUMOAK, parish partly in Kincardine-
shire, but chiefly in Aberdeenshire. It
lies averagely about 11 miles west-south-
west of Aberdeen, has a post office under
Aberdeen, and contains the railway
station of Drum. Its length is about 5^
miles ; its mean breadth about 2 miles ;
its area 2026 acres in Kincardineshire, and
5202 in Aberdeenshire. Beal property in
1880-81, £1026 and £4653. Pop. 383 and 747.
The surface includes a lake of 85 acres,
two hills about 430 and 500 feet high, and
a diversity of undulation, slope, and vale.
The seats are Drum and. Park, and the
chief antiquity is Drum tower. The
parochial church was built in 1836, and a
Free church was opened in 1880. The
public school has about 140 scholars.

DRUMOCHY. See Dbummochy.

DRUMORE, village and ruined castle
in Kirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire. The
village stands on the coast, 5 miles north-
north-west of Mull of Galloway, and has
a post office, designated of "Wigtonshire,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, a small harbour, and a public
school with about 179 scholars. Pop. 522.

DRUMORE, small lake in Kirkmichael
parish, Ayrshire.

DRUMOUR, place, with public school, in
Little Dunkeld parish, Perthshire.

DRUMPARK, village adjacent to Bar-
geddie, Lanarkshire.

DRUMPELLIER, coal-field in Old Monk-
land parish, Lanarkshire.

DRUMRACK, hill in Crail parish, Fife.

DRUMRY, estate, with remains of ancient
chapel, in New Kilpatrick parish, Dum-
bartonshire.

DRUMS, village in Errol parish, Perth-
shire.

DRUMSARGARD, site of strong ancient
baronial castle in Cambuslang parish,
Lanarkshire.

DRUMSLEET, place in Troqueer parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a public school
with about 95 scholars.

DRUMSTURDY, village in Monifieth
parish, Forfarshire.

DRUMTOCHTY, seat in Fordoun parish,
Kincardineshire.

DRUMVAICH, hamlet in Kilmadock
parish, Perthshire.

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135

DUD

DRUNKIE, seat in Port-of-Menteith par-
ish, and lake partly also in Aberfoyle
parish, Perthshire.

DRYBRIDGE, railway station, 5 miles
west-south-west of Kilmarnock, Ayrshire.

DRYBRIDGE, place on north-west border
of Banffshire. It has a post office under
Fochabers.

DRYBURGH, estate, with noble mansion
and interesting ruined abbey, on left bank
of the Tweed, 4 miles south-east of Mel-
rose. The abbey stands on or near the
site of a Culdee cell ; was founded in 12th
century by Sir Hugh de Morville, Con-
stable of Scotland ; suffered repeated
devastation in the international wars ;
gave rise to an adjacent town, which was
devastated with it, and has been long
extinct ; is itself now a fragmentary ruin,
with features of much architectural beauty ;
and contains the tomb of Sir Walter Scott.

DRYBURN, rivulet, running to the sea,
at 4J miles south-east of Dunbar, Hadding-
tonshire.

DRYBURN, rivulet, overlooked by re-
mains of ancient Caledonian temple, in
Bellie parish, Elginshire.

DRYFE, small river, running 16 miles
south-south-westward to the Annan, at
It? mile west of Lockerby, Dumfriesshire.
Its banks, in its lowmost reach, are low
and flat, bear the name of Dryfe Sands,
and were the scene, in 1593, of a sanguin-
ary fight between two Border clans.

DRYFESDALE (popularly DRYSDALE),
parish containing Lockerby post town in
Annandale, Dumfriesshire. Its length is
1\ miles ; its greatest breadth 44; miles ;
its area 10,231 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £18,148. Pop. 2971. The north-
eastern section is an assemblage of verdant
hills ; the other sections are mostly flat ;
and the parts in the west, along left side
of Annan river, are mostly rich alluvial
land. The antiquities comprise vestiges
of five strong towers, remains of eight
ancient camps, variously Caledonian and
Roman, and traces of great Roman road
from England to Clydesdale. Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian churches
are in Lockerby. There are 2 public
schools for 693 scholars, and 1 of them
for 600 was erected in 1875.

DRYGRANGE, seat, bridge, and impos-
ing railway viaduct on the Tweed, 2\
miles east-by-north of Melrose.

DRYHOPE, quondam massive tower,
now existing in only its lower part, near
foot of St. Mary's Loch, Selkirkshire. It
was the birthplace and home of Mary
Scott, the ' Flower of Yarrow.'

DRYMEN, village and parish in west of
Stirlingshire. The village stands 5 miles
west-south-west of Balfron, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Glasgow, Established
and United Presbyterian churches, and 2
public schools with about 117 scholars.
Pop. 234. — The parish extends from
the Forth to a line 3f miles south of the

most southerly reach of the Endrick, and
measures about 12 miles in length and 9^
miles in greatest breadth. Acres, 30,850.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £25,005. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1431 ; quoad sacra, 764. The
surface includes some fine tracts on the
Endrick, but is mostly mountain, moor,
and moss. The parish gives name to the
noble family of Drummond, and contains,
within Drummond barony, some remains of
a Roman fort ; and it has 2 public schools
with accommodation for 206 scholars.

DRYMEN STATION, railway station, 2
miles east of Drymen village, Stirlingshire.
It has a post office under Glasgow.

DRYNIE, estate in Kilmuir-Wester
parish, Ross-shire.

DRYSDALE. See Dryfesdale.

DUALT, deep wooded ravine, with a
number of cascades, in Killearn parish,
Stirlingshire.

DUARD, promontory in Lochbroom
parish, Ross-shire.

DUART, roofless, but otherwise entire,
strong ancient castle on bold headland in
extreme east of Mull Island, Argyleshire.
It was the seat of the Macleans, and the
scene of tragic events commemorated in
Joanna Baillie's Family Legend, and
Thomas Campbell's Glenara.

DUBBIESIDE, or INVERLEVEN, suburb
of Leven town, Fife. It has a United
Presbyterian church. Pop. 501.

DUBBS, rivulet, running from Kilbirnie
Loch to Castle-Semple Loch, Ayrshire and
Renfrewshire.

DUBBS CAULDRON, cascade on ¥am-
phray rivulet, Dumfriesshire.

DUBFORD, place 6 miles east of Banff.
It has a post office under Banff.

DUBLIN, suburb or section of Kirkfield-
bank in Leshmahagow parish, Lanarkshire.

DUBTON, seat and railway junction
station, 3 miles west-north-west of Mon-
trose, Forfarshire.

DUCHALL, seat and head-stream of the
Gryfe in Kilmalcolm parish, Renfrewshire.

DUCHOILLE, farm, with ruined Danish
fort, in Glenorchy parish, Argyleshire.

DUCHRAE, seat in Balmaghie parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

DUCHRAY, southern head-stream of the
Forth in Stirlingshire and Perthshire. It
rises on Benlomond, and runs about 10
miles prevailingly eastward to confluence
with the other head-stream in Aberfoyle
parish ; and it has, on its right bank,
about If mile from the confluence, Duchray
Castle, the former stronghold of the
Grahams.

DUCHRAY, lofty hill, with lake on its
summit, in Dunkeld and Dowally parish,
Perthshire.

DUCRAIG, rocky islet in Firth of Forth,
between Limekilns and North Queensferry,
Fife.

DUDDINGSTON, village and parish on
seaboard of Edinburghshire. The village
stands at south-east base of Arthur's Seat,
about 2\ miles south-east of General Post

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136

DUXi

Office, Edinburgh ; contains a number of
genteel residences ; and has a post office
designated of Midlothian, a parochial
church with about 370 sittings, and a
public school with about 81 scholars.
Pop. 333. — The parish contains also three
hamlets, Joppa village, and the greater
part of Portobello town. Its length is
3^ miles ; its greatest breadth about 1^
mile ; its area 1731 acres. Eeal property,
exclusive of Portobello, in 1880-81,
£13,547. Pop., quoad civilia, 10,436;
quoad sacra, 3414. The surface, for the
most part, slopes gently from the base
of Arthur's Seat to Firth of Forth, but
has the appearance of a plain, and exhibits
rich culture and embellishment. Dud-
dingston Loch, immediately south-west of
Duddingston village, measures about 1£
mile in circuit, is enlivened with water-
fowl, and becomes crowded in winter
frost with disporters on the ice. Dud-
dingston House, about ^ mile to the east-
south-east, is a seat of the Duke of
Abercorn. Six churches are in Portobello.
Seven schools for 1358 scholars are in the
parish, and 1 of them for 700 is new.
Cauvin's endowed educational hospital
also is in it.

DUDDINGSTON, seat in Abercorn parish,
Linlithgow.

DUDHOPE, quondam large, strong,
ancient castle, on skirt of Dundee Law,
adjacent to Dundee.

DUDWICK, hill, 572 feet high, 4| miles
north of Ellon, Aberdeenshire.

DUFF HOUSE, chief seat of the Earl of
Fife, in vicinity of Banff. It was erected
about middle of last century, at the cost
of £70,000 ; is in the Koman-Corinthian
style, and has extensive ornate grounds.

DUFF-KINNEL, affluent of the Kinnel,
in Johnstone parish, Dumfriesshire.

DUFFTOWN, town on Fiddich river, 11
miles south-west of Keith, Banffshire. It
was founded in 1817 ; it stands amid a
rich mineral field ; and it has a post office
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Banffshire, a railway
station,-2 banking offices, Established, Free,
and Roman Catholic churches, and 2 public
schools. Pop. 1252.

DUFFUS, village and parish on coast of
Elginshire. The village stands 5 miles
north-west of Elgin, is neatly edificed, and
has a post office under Elgin, a parochial
church, and a public school with about
106 scholars. — The parish contains also
the towns of Burghead and Hopeman,
the villages of Cummingston, Roseisle,
and Kaim, and several hamlets. Its
length on the coast is 5 miles ; its mean
breadth about 3 miles ; its area 9475
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £13,950.
Pop. , quoad civilia,3985; quoad sacra, 1909.
The surface, with exception of two small
eminences, is level. Duffus House is the
seat of Sir Archibald Dunbar, Bart. ;
and other seats are Roseislehaugh and
Inverugie. Duffus Castle is a ruined

ancient baronial fortalice, was long the
seat of the family of Sutherland, and gave
them the peerage title of baron from 1650
till 1843. Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches are in Burghead.
7 schools for 838 scholars are in the
parish, and 2 of them and an enlargement
for 360 are new.

DUGALSTONE, estate, with lake, in New
Kilpatrick parish, Dumbartonshire.

DUICH, sea-loch, about 5 miles long,
deflecting south-eastward from head of
Loch Alsh, Ross-shire.

DUIRINISH,parish, containing Dunvegan
post office and Stein village, in south-west
of Skye, Inverness-shire. Its length is
19 miles ; its breadth 16 miles ; its coast
line, including sinuosities but excluding
islets, about 80 miles. Real property in
1880-81, £7572. Pop. , quoad civilia, 4319 ;
quoad sacra, 3297. A low moorish isthmus
of about 4 miles, between Loch Griesher-
nish and Loch Carroy, divides the parish
from the rest of Skye ; a large peninsula,
nearly _ bisected by Loch Dunvegan, and
much indented by minor sea-lochs, forms
its main body ; and a number of islets
and insulated rocks are within its limits.
The coast has many bold headlands and
lofty cliffs, and exhibits much wildness
and grandeur. The section south of Loch
Dunvegan is Duirinish-proper, and that
to the north is Vaternish. Much of the
ground is sloping ; a few tracts are level,
but almost wholly moss ; and Glendale,
about 2 miles long, is a pleasant vale.
The two tabular-topped mountains called
Macleod's Tables are a prominent feature.
Very numerous caves and natural arches
are on the coast. The seats are Dunvegan
Castle, Vaternish, Orbost, and Griesher-
nish ; and the chief antiquities are features
of Dunvegan Castle, fifteen Scandinavian
forts, and several tumuli. The churches
are 2 Established and 1 Free. 8
schools for 699 scholars are in the parish,
and 6 of them for 600 are new.

DUIRINISH, islet in Loch Etive, opposite
Bunawe, Argyleshire. Pop. 24.

DUIRNESS. See Durness.

DUISK. See Dhuisk.

DULCAPON, detached part of Dowally
parish on Tummel river, Perthshire.

DULL, village and parish in Perthshire.
The village stands in Appin vale, 3 miles
west of Aberfeldy ; had anciently an ab-
thanery, or peculiar kind of monastery, with
right of sanctuary ; and has now a very
ancient market cross, a parochial church
with about 600 sittings, and a public
school with about 105 scholars. — The
parish contains also Amulree village and
part of Aberfeldy town. It comprises 5
separate districts, and is so intersected by
other parishes as to measure about 30
miles from end to end. Its area is 63,417
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £19,807.
Pop. , quoad civilia, 2565 ; quoad sacra,
1997. The districts are Appin, Grand-
tully, Amulree, Foss, and Fincastle. The

DUL

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DUM

surface comprises every variety from wild
portions of the Grampians to exquisite
portion of the Tay's valley ; and is diver-
sified by so many as 21 lakes. The seats
are Grandtully, Foss, Moness, Cluny, and
Dercluich ; and the antiquities include
several standing-stones, moats, barrows,
and Pictish forts, and an ancient Cale-
donian stone circle. Churches of various
denominations are at Aberfeldy, Amulree,
Grandtully, and Tummel - Bridge ; and
public schools are at Amulree, Grandtully,
and Foss.

DULLARY, place, with chalybeate
spring, in Parton parish, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

DULLATUR, bog, traversed by Forth
and Clyde Canal, 2 miles east of Kilsyth,
Stirlingshire. Many relics of the battle of
Kilsyth in 1645 were found in it at the
forming of the canal.

DULLEN, rivulet in Mortlach parish,
Banffshire.

DULNAIN, river, running about 25
miles north-eastward to the Spey, at 2^
miles above Grantown, in Elginshire.

DULNAIN BRIDGE, hamlet on the Dul-
nain, in Duthil parish, Inverness-shire.
It has a post office under Grantown.

DULSIE BRIDGE, romantic bridge on
Findhorn river, in Ardclach parish, Nairn-
shire.

DUMBARNIE. See Dunbaknet.

DUMBARTON, town, castle, and parish
in Dumbartonshire. The town stands on
low flat ground, bisected by the river
Leverj, f mile from the Clyde, and 15|
miles north - west - by - west of Glasgow ;
covers the site of the Roman naval station
Theodosia, and the site of a Culdee cell ;
shared in the history of Dumbarton Castle
as the royal seat of the kingdom of Cum-
bria or Strathclyde ; is now a seaport, a
royal and parliamentary burgh, and the
political capital of Dumbartonshire ; unites
with Port-Glasgow, Renfrew, Rutherglen,
and Kilmarnock in sending a member to
Parliament ; comprises a main body on the
left bank of the Leven, and two suburbs,
old and new, on the right bank ; was
designed in 1876 to undergo extensive im-
provements in its streets and harbour, and
in 1881 to acquire an eastern suburb with
house accommodation for about 2000
families ; was long distinguished for glass
manufacture, and is much more dis-
tinguished now for shipbuilding; pub-
lishes 2 weekly newspapers ; and has a
head post office with money order and
telegraph departments, a railway station,
3 banking offices, 2 hotels, a fine town hall
of 1865, a long costly pier of 1874-75, a
steepled Established church of 1810, a
handsome Free church of 1878, another
Free church, 2 United Presbyterian
churches, an elegant Episcopalian church
of 1873, Evangelical Union, Baptist, Wes-
leyan, and Roman Catholic churches, a
Mechanics' Institute, and 7 public schools
with accommodation for 1961 scholars.

Real property in 1880-81, £43,842. Pop.
13,786. — The castle stands at left side of
the Leven's influx to the Clyde ; is an
isolated, precipitous, bi forked rock, about
a mile in girth at the base, and 260 feet
high, partially edificed with ramparts and
houses ; was a stronghold probably of the
Romans, and certainly of the Romanized
Strathclyde Caledonians ; has been a
royal fort from commencement of the
Scoto- Saxon monarchy till the present
time ; figured much and often in national
affairs till final fall of Queen Mary ; was
bereft of most of its military value by the
invention of modern artillery ; and, but for
a stipulation at the national union for
its being permanently maintained, might
have long ago been entirely relinquished
as a fort. — The parish excludes the town's
suburbs, measures about 1\ by 3| miles, and
comprises 8291 acres. Real property of
landward part in 1880-81, £38,820. Pop.
10,898. The land for some distance from
the town and castle is low and flat, but
about the middle rises steeply into the
Lennox Hills, and in the farther end is
bleakly moorish. No school is in the
landward part, and 1 of the schools in the
town for 350 scholars is new.

DUMBARTONSHIRE, county, partly
maritime but principally inland, in west
of Scotland. It comprises a main body
and a detached district ; and it is high-
land in the one end, lowland in the
other end, and a rich mixture of the
two in the centre. The main body begins
around the head of Loch Lomond ; includes
that lake's west side and foot, and all the
country thence to Loch Long, the Clyde,
and the Endrick ; goes eastward on the
Clyde and among the Lennox Hills to
Kelvin river, at a point 3£ miles north-
west of Glasgow ; and is 35 miles long, and
from 2 to 15 miles broad. The detached
district commences at 3f miles east of
nearest part of the main body ; extends
east - by - northward along the strath of
Forth and Clyde Canal ; was annexed to
the county in the time of Robert I. ; and
is 13 miles long, and from If mile to \\
miles broad. The entire area is 270 square
miles. The surface ranges from grandly
mountainous westward of Loch Lomond,
to tamely flat along the Forth and Clyde
Canal. The rocks range from the meta-
morphic to the carboniferous, and include
roofing-slate and abundance of coal, lime-
stone, and building stone. The maritime
waters are Loch Long and the Firth of
Clyde on the boundary, and Gareloch
in the interior. The fresh-water lakes,
apart from Loch Lomond, are all small,
but an interesting one of them is Loch
Sloy. The chief rivers are the Endrick,
the Clyde, and the Kelvin on the boun-
daries ; and the Leven and the Allander
in the interior ; but many of the smaller
streams, especially those among the moun-
tains, possess much scenic character. Ag-
riculture is advanced and skilful ; and

DUM

138

DUM

manufacturing industry, particularly on
the Leven, is prominent. The towns
with each more than 4000 inhabitants are
Dumbarton, Kirkintilloch, Helensburgh,
and Alexandria ; with each more than
2000 are Renton and Bonhill ; with each
more than 1000 are Duntocher, Cumber-
nauld, and J amestown ; and the villages
with each more than 300 are Old Kil-
patrick, Bowling, Garscube, Knightswood,
Garscadden, Condorrat, Faifley, Row,
Smithstown-Row, Waterside, Kilcreggan,
Garelochhead, Milton, Dalmuir, Cardross,
Balloch, and parts of Yoker and Lenzie.
The ancient county bore the name of
Lennox, but included tracts now in Stir-
lingshire, Perthshire, and Renfrewshire ;
and it abounded in conflicts between the
Caledonians and the Romans, the Scots
and the Picts, the Cumbrians and the
Saxons, the Highland clans among them-
selves, the Caterans and the Lowlanders,
and parties against parties in the Scottish
civil wars. The chief antiquities within
the modern county are vestiges of An-
toninus' Wall, Roman remains at Dun-
tocher and Cumbernauld, and rude forts,
tumuli, and ruined old castles in many
places. The value of real property in
1880-81, exclusive of railways and canals,
was £336,745. Pop. in 1871, 58,857 ; in
1881, 78,327.

DUMBENNAN, old parish, now part of
Huntly, Aberdeenshire.

DUMBRECK, seat near south-western
outskirts of Glasgow.

DUMBROCH, lake and bleachfield in
Strathblane parish, Stirlingshire.

DUMBUCK, village, seat, and hill, ad-
jacent to the Clyde, about a mile east of
Dumbarton Castle. The hill stoops pre-
cipitously to the plain, overawes the
castle, and commands a grand view.

DUMBUILS, low craggy hill, with re-
mains of ancient fort, and with very fine
view, in Foi'gandenny parish, Perthshire.

DUMCRIEFF, a seat of Lord Rollo, If
mile east-north-east of Moffat, Dumfries-
shire.

DUMFIN, round hill, with traces of
ancient fortification, fabled to have been a
stronghold of Fingal, 4 miles north-north-
east of Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire.

DUMFRIES, town and parish on south-
west border of Dumfriesshire. The town
stands on the Nith, 71 miles by road, but
89f miles by railway, south -by -west of
Edinburgh ; is environed by rich, exten-
sive, hill-screened plain ; dates from at
least the time of William the Lion, but
may have sprung from a village so early
as the 8th century ; had an ancient strong
castle which figured much in the succes-
sion al and international wars ; contained
an ancient Franciscan friary, in which
Robert Bruce slew the RedComyn ; suffered
severely from English forces in 1448, 1536,
and 1570 ; underwent rapid change of cha-
racter from the times of Border contests
to the times of peaceful industry ; ranks

now as the political capital of Dumfries-
shire, a seat of justiciary courts, the busi-
ness centre of the south-western counties,
and a royal and parliamentary burgh ;
unites with Annan, Lochmaben, Sanquhar,
and Kirkcudbright in sending a member
to Parliament ; includes, as a parliament-
ary burgh, the Kirkcudbrightshire Max-
welltown, separated from it only by the
Nith ; measures in itself about a mile in
length along the river, and about 3 furlongs
in greatest breadth ; comprises a many-
featured main street, several handsome
new streets, and a number of old ones ;
carries on a brisk market trade and ex-
tensive woollen manufacture ; publishes 3
newspapers, 1 of them weekly, the others
twice a-week ; and has a head post office
with all departments, a very fine railway
station, 7 banking offices, 4 hotels, a large
modern town hall, a curious steepled block
of buildings which contained the old town
hall, grand county buildings erected in
1863-66, the south-western counties' central
prison, projected in 1881, the southern coun-
ties' club-house, built in 187 4, a fine theatre,
mostly rebuilt in 1876, a curious bridge of
the 13th century, a neat bridge of 1794,
a foot suspension-bridge of 1876, an old
monument of the Duke of Queensberry, a
monument of Burns, erected in 1881, a
beautiful steepled Established church of
1866-68, 2 other steepled Established
churches, 3 Free churches, 3 United Pres-
byterian churches, a steepled Episcopalian
church of 1867-69, a steepled Roman
Catholic church, renovated in 1879, a
Baptist church of 1880, Congregational,
Evangelical Union, Wesleyan, and Catholic
Apostolic churches, a large public academy
of 1802, 2 costly public schools of 1876, a
large church-like mechanics' institute, a
spacious costly infirmary of 1869-72, the
southern counties' asylum, erected from a
bequest of more than £100,000 by Dr.
Crichton of Friar's Carse, with intention
of its being a university, a remarkably
crowded cemetery, containing the mauso-
leum of the poet Burns, and, near that
cemetery, the house in which Burns spent
his last years and died. Pop. of parlia-
mentary burgh, 17,090. — The parish con-
tains also the villages of Gasstown, Stoop,
Locharbriggs, and Lochthorn. Its length
is 8 miles ; its greatest breadth 3 miles ;
its area 10,032 acres. Real property of
landward part in 1880-81, £20,456. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 16,838 ; quoad sacra, 6815.
Most of the surface, excepting part of a
low hill-ridge in the south, is nearly level.
A strip of Lochar moss is on the eastern
border. Several small lakes are near the
centre. The principal rock is red sand-
stone. Numerous handsome villas are
near the town. 13 schools for 2904
scholars are in the parish, and 2 of them
for 900 are new.

DUMFRIES-GREYFRIARS, quoad sacra
parish, with church, in Dumfries. Pop.
4259.

DUM

19

DUN

DUMFRIES HOUSE, a seat of the Marquis
of Bute, who also is Earl of Dumfries, on
Lugar river, in Old Cumnock parish,
Ayrshire.

DUMFRIES ST. MARY, quoad sacra
parish, with church, in Dumfries. Pop.
6764.

DUMFRIESSHIRE, border county,
bounded by Kirkcudbrightshire, Ayrshire,
Lanarkshire, Peeblesshire, Selkirkshire,
Roxburghshire, England, and the Solway
Firth. Its length is 55 miles ; its breadth
32 miles ; its coast-line 22 miles ; its circuit
about 177 miles ; its area 1103 square miles.
Its outline is irregularly ellipsoidal, with
the greater diameter in a direction nearly
south-east-by-east. Its surface, in a general
view, is a broad mountainous border cloven
with vales, a central plain intersected by
hills, and a low flat seaboard partly occupied
by Lochar moss. The mountains rise to
watersheds with all the contiguous Scottish
counties ; include whole or part of the
largest masses and loftiest summits of the
Southern Highlands ; are mostly acclivi-
tous, and either conical, round-backed, or
tabular ; and have none of the craggy,
rugged, peaked features so common among
the Grampians. The central region ex-
hibits every variety of dell, valley, slope,
undulation, brae, hill-ridge, and moorland,
and forms many a charming landscape.
The seaboard is remarkable for luxuriant
corn-land, partly for reclamations on Sol-
way moss, partly for the features graphic-
ally described in Sir Walter Scott's Red-
gauntlet. The chief rivers are the Nith,
the Annan, and the Esk ; and these
occasion the county to be divided, in
popular nomenclature, into the 3 districts
of Nithsdale, Annandale, and Eskdale.
The principal lakes are the group around
Lochmaben. The chief useful minerals
are red sandstone, limestone, a little coal,
and some iron-ore. Agricultural improve-
ment was scarcely known till 1760, but
eventually made rapid progress, and is
now highly advanced. Commerce is com-
paratively limited, and deals mainly in
the export of land produce. Manufactures
also are limited, but have latterly become
prominent in woollens in Dumfries. The
towns with each more than 2000 inhabitants
are Dumfries, Annan, and Langholm ; the
towns with each more than 1000 are
Lockerby, Moffat, Lochmaben, Sanquhar,
and Thornhill ; and the principal villages
are Minniehive, Wanlockhead, Eccle-
fechan, Eaglesfield, Gasstown, Kirkconnel,
Collin, Bridekirk, Hightae, Penpont, Park,
Springfield, and Stoop. The county was
inhabited by the Caledonian Selgovae, re-
tains many monuments of their conquest
by the Romans, was largely overrun by
the Scoto-Irish or Dalriadans, figured,
much in the Saxon invasion, the wars of
the Succession, the wars with England,
and the Border feuds, and has numerous
monuments of all the times down to those
of the feudal. Real property in 1880-81,

£546,609. Pop. in 1871, 74,808 ; in 1881,
76,124.

DUMGREE, old parish, now united chiefly
to Kirkpatrick-Juxta and partly to John-
stone, Dumfriesshire. It has a public
school.

DUMROOF, sandbank in Solway Firth,
6|- miles south-south-west of Southerness,
Kirkcud bright shire.

DUN, parish, containing Bridge of Dun
railway station, in north-east of Forfar-
shire. Its post town is Montrose. Its
length is 5 miles ; its extreme breadth
nearly 3 miles ; its area 4306 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £9840. Pop. 541.
The South Esk and Montrose lagoon form
the southern boundary. The surface is
low and flat adjacent to these, rises gently
and gradually thence to about the centre,
and is flat toward the north. Dun's Dish
is a lake of about 40 acres. Dun House is
a chief residence. The public school has
about 126 scholars.

DUNACHTON, estate in Alvie parish,
Inverness-shire.

DUNAGOIL, small bay and headland,
with traces of vitrified fort, in south-west
of Bute Island, Buteshire.

DUNAIN, seat and quondam fortalice
in Inverness parish, Inverness-shire.

DUNALISTER, hamlet and quondam
seat of the Robertsons of Struan, 3^
miles west of Tummel-Bridge, Perthshire.
The hamlet has a post office with telegraph
designated of Perthshire.

DUNAMARLE, quondam castle on site
of Castlehill House, in vicinity of Culross,
Perthshire. It belonged to the Thanes
of Fife, and was the place of the murder
of Lady Macduff by order of Macbeth.

DUNAN, bold promontory in Lochbroom
parish, Ross-shire.

DUNAN-RANNOCH, place of sanguinary
clan fight in Fortingal parish, Perth-
shire.

DUNANS, seat near head of Glendaruel,
in Cowal, Argyleshire.

DUNARDARY, hill in North Knapdale
parish, Argyleshire.

DUNAVERTY, bay, village, and pyra-
midal headland at southern extremity of
Kintyre, Argyleshire. A strong castle of
the Lords of the Isles stood on the head-
land, gave refuge to Robert Bruce, suffered
siege and capture by General Leslie, and
has been almost wholly effaced.

DUNBAR, town and parish on east coast
of Haddingtonshire. The town stands
adjacent to rocky shore and sea crags, 29£
miles east of Edinburgh ; dates from at
least the middle of 9th century ; became
the seat of the immigrant Northumbrian
prince, Cospatrick, in the time of Malcolm
Canmore ; acquired then the basement of
a great castle, so arranged as to be palatial,
and so strong as to be deemed impregnable ;
was the scene of many martial exploits in
connection with that castle ; gave name
to two great battles fought near it in 1296
and 1650 ; was the landing-place of Sir

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140

DUN

John Cope in 1745 on eve of the battle of
Prestonpans ; retains little trace of an-
tiquity except remnants of its castle ;
ranks as a seaport and a royal and parlia-
mentary burgh ; unites with Haddington,
North Berwick, Lauder, and J edburgh in
sending a member to Parliament ; com-
prises a spacious, well-built, principal
street, and parallel smaller ones ; and has
a head, post office with all departments, a
fine railway station, 3 banking offices, 2
hotels, assembly rooms, a quondam noble
mansion, now a barrack, an artificial har-
bour, serving for both commerce and
refuge, recently-formed waterworks, an
elegant parochial church, a Free church, 2
United Presbyterian churches, "Wesleyan
and Episcopalian churches, and 3 public
schools ; and gave the title of earl to the
descendants of Cospatrick till 1435, the
same title to George Home from 1605 till
1611, and the title of viscount to the
family of Constable from 1620 till 1721.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £13,749. Pop.
3657. — The castle stood on a lofty, rugged
sea-rock, at north end of the town ; went
to the Crown by forfeiture in 1435 ; was
afterwards the occasional residence of
several kings, the death place of the queen
of James I., and at different times the
residence, the refuge, and the prison of
Queen Mary ; underwent extensive de-
molition, by order of Parliament, in 1567 ;
and is now represented by some strong
defaced ruins, which Sir Walter Scott
described in his Provincial Antiquities. —
The parish contains also the villages of
Belhaven, East Barns, and West Barns,
and comprises a main body and a detached
district. The main body extends 6f miles
along the coast, and is from about 1 mile
to 3| miles broad. The detached district
commences about 4| miles south-west of
the town, lies wholly among the Lammer-
moors, and measures about 4 miles by 2|.
Acres of the whole, 7497. Real property,
inclusive of the burgh, in 1880-81, £37,380.
Pop., quoad civilia, 5396; quoad sacra,
4041. The surface of the main body
ascends gradually from the sea toward the
Lammermoors, rises nowhere higher than
about 700 feet, presents a pleasing variety
of hill and dale, and is noted for the
fertility of its soil. The chief residences
are Broxmouth Park, Lochend, Belton,
and Heatherwick. A quoad sacra parish
church is at Belhaven. 9 schools for 1210
scholars are within the quoad civilia
parish, and 1 of them and enlargements
for 475 are new.

DUNBARNEY, parish, containing the
post office village of Bridge of Earn, and
the village of Kintillo, in south-east of
Perthshire. It measures about 4 miles,
both in length and in greatest breadth,
and comprises 4060 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £13,870. Pop. 756. The
surface is intersected by the Earn, includes
Moncrieff Hill, approaches the Ochils, and
exhibits remarkable beauty. The seats

are Dunbarney House, Kilgraston, and
Ballendrick. The church contains 650
sittings ; and the public school is new,
and has accommodation for 180 scholars.

DUNBARROW, detached district of
Dunnichen parish, Forfarshire. A hill of
its own name, about 700 feet high, is in
it, and was formerly crowned with a fort.

DUNBEATH, bay, rivulet, village, and
seat in Latheron parish, Caithness. The
bay lies 20 miles south-west of Wick, and
is small, but forms a good fishing-station.
The rivulet runs about 7 miles south-
eastward to the bay's head. The village
stands at the rivulet's mouth, is an ancient
place, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Wick, an inn, and a public school with
about 100 scholars. The seat is in the
southern vicinity of the village, and in-
cludes an ancient baronial fortalice, which
was captured and garrisoned in 1650 by
the Marquis of Montrose.

DUNBLANE, town and parish on south
border of Perthshire. The town stands on
Allan river, and on Caledonian Railway
at deflexion of the line to Callander, 5
miles north of Stirling. It sprang from a
Culdee cell, became the seat of a bishopric
in the time of David I. , flourished through-
out the Romish times, declined after the
Reformation, and underwent some modern
revival. It figures much in connection
with the famous Bishop Leighton, and
with Tannahill's song of ' Jessie the
Flower of Dunblane.' It strove to be-
come a watering-place in virtue of two
mineral wells about 1£ mile to the north,
but could not compete with the more
attractive Bridge of Allan ; yet, with good
accommodations, a grand hydropathic
establishment of 1878, picturesque en-
virons, and a salubrious climate, it draws
numerous summer visitors. It consists
chiefly of narrow streets, presents a
mixedly old and modern aspect, and is
skirted with some good villas ; it ranks
as a police burgh, and as the seat of courts
for the southern division of Perthshire ;
and it has a head post office with all
departments, a railway station, 2 bank-
ing offices, a hotel, public reading and
amusement rooms, a public library be-
queathed by Bishop Leighton, a cathedral,
Free, United Presbyterian, and Episco-
palian churches, and a public school. The
cathedral was begun in early part of the
12th century, but not completed till the
16th ; and it consists of nave, side tower,
choir, and chapter - house. The nave
measures 130 feet in length, 58 in breadth,
and 50 in height ; is all in the early
pointed style ; has 8 bays, north and south
aisles, a beautifully shafted clerestory,
and a very fine west window ; and is now
entirely roofless, but may probably undergo
restoration. The tower stands near the
south portal of the nave, is early Norman,
and, with a small spire, rises to the height
of 128 feet. The choir measures 80 feet in

DUN

141

DUN

length, 30 in breadth, and 48 in height ; is
all likewise in the early pointed style ;
includes, on its north side, what is called
the chapter-house ; has been used since
the Reformation as the parish church ;
and was renovated in 1873. Pop. of the
town, 2186. — The parish contains also
the villages of Kinbuck, Balhaddie, Butter-
gask, Greenloaning, and Rottearn. Its
length is about 9 miles ; its breadth about
6 miles ; its area 18,543 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £27,727. Pop. 3123.
The surface includes a skirt of the Ochil
Hills in the east, the middle or main part
of Strathallan in the centre, and a skirt of
the Braes of Doune in the west. The hill
tracts are mostly bleak and moorish ; and
those in the east comprise Sheriffmuir, the
scene of the famous battle in 1715. The
strath tracts are much diversified, but
present many amenities and much beauty ;
and one near the town, but partly beyond
the parish, exhibits a gorge somewhat
similar to the Trossachs. The chief seats
are Keir and Kippendavie. 3 schools
for 519 scholars are in the parish, and en-
largements of them for 259 are new.

DUNBOG, parish, with church 3 J miles
east-by-south of Newburgh, in Fife. Its
post town is Newburgh. Acres, 2324.
Real property in 1880-81, £3866. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 219 ; quoad sacra, 386. The
surface consists of two hill-ridges and an
intervening vale. The chief residence is
Dunbog House ; and the antiquities are
the site of a monastic preceptory, and
the ruin of Collairnie Castle. The public
school has about 64 scholars.
DUN BRIDGE. See Bridge of Dun.
DUNCANSBURGH, quoad sacra parish
within Kilmalie quoad civilia parish, In-
verness-shire. A new church for it, in
Fort-William town, was founded in 1881.
Pop. 1962.

DUNCANSBY, promontory at north-
east extremity of the Scottish mainland.
It is massive, bold, and circular ; measures
about 2 miles in circumference ; presents
a rugged, fissured, precipitous face to the
sea ; has on its summit remains of an
ancient watch-tower ; and commands there
a very grand view. Two insulated rocks,
called the Stacks of Duncansby, are near
the promontory, and look like great pointed
towers ; and a narrow strait, called the
Bears of Duncansby, is between it and
them, and has usually a tremendous rush
and tumult of billows. A village of Dun-
cansby adjoins the promontory. Pop. 398.

DUNCANSTONE, place near Insch, Aber-
deenshire. It has a post office under Insch,
and a Congregational chapel.

DUNCANSTOWN, place near Conan-
Bridge, in south-east of Ross. It has a
post office designated of Ross-shire.

DUN-CHARLOWAY, ancient circular for-
tification in Lochs parish, Lewis, Outer
Hebrides.

DUNCHIFIE, ancient strong fortification
on Gigha Island, Argyleshire.

DUNCHUAICH, hill, witli vestiges of old
fort, near Inverary, Argyleshire.

DUNCOMB, hill, with magnificent view,
in Old Kilpatrick parish, Dumbarton-
shire.

DUNCOW, burn and village in Kirkmahoe
parish, Dumfriesshire. The burn runs
about 6^ miles southward to the Nith at
3 miles north of Dumfries. The village
stands on the burn 2 miles from its
mouth ; gave a night's lodging in a cottage
to James v. on occasion of an angry visit
to the neighbourhood ; and has a post
office under Dumfries, and a public school
with about 81 scholars.

DUNCRAGGAN, place, figuring in Lady
of the Lake, the first stage of the fiery
cross, 6 miles west of Callander, Perth-
shire. The New Trossachs Hotel stood
adjacent to it, and was burnt about 1867.

DUNCRUIB, seat of Lord Rollo in Dun-
ning parish, Perthshire.

DUNCRUIN, picturesque hill, with pin-
nacled summit and grand view, in Kil-
maronock parish, Dumbartonshire.

DUNDAFF, eastern part of Lennox Hills,
averagely 6| miles south-south-west of
Stirling. It gives the title of viscount to
the Duke of Montrose.

DUNDAFF, faU, of about 10 feet, on the
Clyde, a little above New Lanark.

DUNDALAR, conical hill, with remark-
able rude ancient fortress, about 12 miles
west of Kingussie, Inverness-shire.

DUNDARDIL, hill at side of Loch Ness,
in Dores parish, Inverness-shire.

DUNDARGUE, ruined castle on coast of
Aberdour parish, Fife. It figured in the
wars of the succession.

DUNDARROW, ruined old castle on Loch
Fyne side, 4 miles north-east of Inverary,
Argyleshire.

DUNDAS, seat, 1| mile south-south-west
of Queensferry, Linlithgowshire. It is a
massive castellated edifice, partly ancient,
and was recently enlarged ; and its
grounds are ornate, and were much im-
proved in 1880.

DUNDAVIOT, hill, formerly a signal
post, in Daviot parish, Inverness-shire.

DUNDEE, town and parish on south
border of Forfarshire. The town stands
on Firth of Tay, 9J miles west of Buddon-
ness, and 21^ east-north-east of Perth ;
dates from ancient times, but never till
quite a modern period became large, and
now, as to both population and aggregate
importance, is the third town in Scotland.
It figures historically in connection with
Prince David of Huntingdon, Edward I.
of England, Sir William Wallace, the
Duke of Lancaster in 1385, the Re-
former Wishart, the Marquis of Montrose,
General Monck, and Graham of Claver-
house; it was visited by James v., Queen
Mary, James VI., Charles II., and Queen
Victoria ; and it gave the titles of viscount
and earl for some time to the family of
Scrymseour, and that of viscount after-
wards to Graham of Claverhouse. Its

DUN

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DUN

site is partly low ground adjacent to the
shore, and partly slopes and undulations
ascending toward the overhanging hills of
Dundee Law and Balgay. The entire
town, till after the commencement of the
present century, stood on the low ground,
and was dense, irregular, and unpleasant ;
but the town now extends far beyond its
old limits ; shows a larger proportion of
architectural improvement than any other
considerable Scottish town ; includes many
spacious, regular, well-built quarters ; and,
as seen from the firth or from the opposite
shore, looks very beautiful. Its old High
Street, of form and size to seem almost
like a square, has been so renovated and
constructed as to look brightly modern.
Reform Street, striking thence to the
north, and some other modern streets, are
as handsome as portions of the New Town
of Edinburgh. Some of the outskirts are
dingy ; but those in the west, and parts of
those in the north, are studded with villas
and large ornate buildings. The eastern
public park, about a mile north-east of
High Street, comprises about 38 acres in
form of landscape garden, and was pro-
vided by the Baxters at a cost of £50,000.
Dundee Law, immediately north of the
town, is a verdant domical hill, 572 feet
high, and commands a gorgeous view.
Balgay, a lower hill a little to the west,
commands much of the same view, and
contains the western public park, of
nearly 86 acres, formed in 1871.

The town is a royal and parliamentary
burgh, sending two members to Parliament,
a seat of justiciary courts, a place of
various and extensive manufacture, and a
great seaport ; has a head post office with
all departments, 9 local post offices with
each a money order department, railway
communication in all directions, 9 banking
offices, and 9 principal hotels ; publishes
6 daily newspapers, and 2 twice a week ;
is the metropolis of the Scottish linen
trade, with factories worth nearly
£3,000,000 ; carries on extensive ship-
building in all forms and with much
repute ; conducts also much iron-working,
rope-making, carpet manufacture, machine-
making, sugar-refining, glove-making, and
other industries ; and in 1879 made ex-
ports of 359,080 tons in 1251 British
vessels, and 43,362 tons in 197 foreign
vessels, and had imports of 403,343 tons
in 1313 British vessels, and 53,960 tons in
225 foreign vessels. Its harbour has
undergone progressive, rapid, costly im-
provement ; comprises great wet docks,
spacious quays, patent slip, graving docks,
and other appliances of a first-class port ;
was estimated, for the year 1878-79, to
have a revenue of £50,148, and an expendi-
ture of £45,526 ; and had then a value of
£812,842, burdened with a debt of £352,148.
The Tay bridge or railway viaduct, on the
firth from west end of the town to the
Fife coast, — opened in June 1878, destroyed
in December 1879, and intended to be rebuilt,

— had much influence on the local trade,
and made a great figure in the landscape,
but will be separately noticed.

Many of the public buildings possess
much interest. The Town Hall in High
Street was built in 1734, and improved in
1854, and is in the Roman Ionic style, with
tower and spire. The Royal Exchange, at
end of Panmure Street, was built in 1853-
56, and is in the Flemish style. The
Corn Exchange, in Bank Street, was built
in 1856-58, and is in the Italian style.
The Exchange Coffee-room, at foot of
Castle Street, cost £9000, and is in the
Palladian style. The Court House and
prison, off Ward Street, were built in
1836 at a cost of £26,000, and much en-
larged in 1854. The Cattle Market,
between Ferry Road and East Street, was
erected in 1876 at a cost of more than
£40,000, and comprises both markets
proper and abattoirs. The Custom House,
in Dock Street, was built in 1843, and has
a Roman Ionic portico. The Royal Arch,
at head of Victoria Quay, was erected in
1844 to commemorate the landing of Queen
Victoria, and is in the Saxon style.
Carmichael's Monument and Burns'
Monument, in the Albert Institute
grounds, were erected in respectively 1876
and 1880, and each is mainly a bronze
statue. Dundee College, with character
similar to a university, was projected in
1874, and was begun to be erected in 1881-
82, by means of an endowment of £140,000,
by Miss and Dr. Baxter. The Albert
Institute, in Albert Square, was built in
1867-69 at a cost of more than £24,000, is
in good Gothic style, and contains public
hall, science class-rooms, picture gallery,
and free library. The public seminaries,
in Reform Street, were built in 1833 at a
cost of £10,000, and have a massive octo-
style Doric portico. The Morgan Educa-
tional Hospital, adjacent to the eastern
public park, was built in 1867-69 from a
bequest of more than £70,000, and is in the
Scottish baronial style. A public school
in the east end of town, the sixth erected
by the burgh board, was built in 1878 at a
cost of £5700, and has accommodation for
750 scholars.

The churches in the town and suburbs
are 14 Established, 18 Free, 11 United
Presbyterian, 1 United Original Secession,
6 Congregational, 3 Evangelical Union, 4
Baptist, 2 "Wesleyan, 5 Episcopalian, 1
Catholic Apostolic, and 4 Roman Catholic.
Three of the Established churches, near the
centre of the town, one of them ancient, the
other two rebuilt in 1842-47 at a cost of
£11,135, form one cruciform Gothic edifice
surmounted by a famous ancient tower ;
and that tower is believed to have been
built by Prince David of Huntingdon, and
was renovated in 1873 at a cost of about
£8000. A number of the other churches,
Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
and Congregational, are ornamental
structures ; and several of them were

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143

DUN

erected in years from 1877 till 1882. St.
Paul's Episcopalian church, on Castle Hill,
was erected in 1855 at a cost of £13,000,
and is a middle-pointed cruciform edifice
with steeple 217 feet high. The Catholic
Apostolic church, in Constitution Road,
was built in 1868, and is finely ornate.
St. Mary's Roman Catholic church, in
Hilltown, was built in 1851, is in the Saxon
style, and measures within walls 152 feet
by 60.' The Royal Infirmary, on a skirt of
Dundee Law, was built in 1852-55, at a
cost of about £15,000, is in the Tudor
style, and has a frontage of 350 feet, and
two long receding wings. The Convalescent
Hospital, at Barnhill, Broughty Ferry,
was built in 1876 from gifts of £33,000
by the Baxters. The Lunatic Asylum, at
West Green, about 5 miles from the town,
was founded in 1879, designed to accom-
modate 370 patients, and estimated to
cost about £60,000. The town extends into
the parish of Liff, and includes the large
suburb of Lochee. Real property of the
parliamentary burgh in 1880-81, £657,335.
Pop. in 1871, 118,977; in 1881, 140,239.

The parish includes part of Broughty
Ferry. The main body extends about 6|
miles along the Tay with mean breadth of
less than 2 miles ; a detached district com-
mences about ^ mile north of its north
end, and is about 1£ mile long and If
mile broad ; and the whole comprises
4349 acres. Real property of landward
part in 1880-81, £23,056. Pop. of the
whole, 100,965. The surface of the main
body rises with easy ascent from the Tay,
includes Dundee Law and Balgay Hill,
and presents a beautiful appearance. The
detached district abounds with excellent
sandstone. The chief estates are Craigie,
Claypots, Duntrune, Drumgeith, Baldovie,
Pitkerro, Dudhope, Clepington, and Black-
ness ; and the principal antiquities are an
old archway, 2 or 3 notable old houses,
and the sites of a royal palace, a noble
mansion, and a number of ancient churches
and religious houses in the town. 98
schools for 17,719 scholars were in the
burgh, and the board resolved to abolish
11 of them for 1539, and to provide 7 new
schools and an enlargement for 4000.

DUNDEE AND ARBROATH RAILWAY,
railway 16| miles long from Dundee,
along the coast past Broughty Ferry and
Carnoustie, to Arbroath, in Forfarshire.
It was opened in 1839, and it became the
joint property of the North British and
the Caledonian Companies at 1st February
1880. It connects at Broughty Ferry with
the railway communication through Fife ;
sends off, from a point near its north-east
end, a goods branch to Carmylie ; and
connects at Arbroath with the railways
thence to Forfar and Montrose.

DUNDEE AND FORFAR DIRECT
RAILWAY, railway 17| miles long, from
the Dundee and Arbroath line at Broughty
Ferry northward to Forfar. It was opened
in 1870.

DUNDEE AND NEWTYLE RAILWAY,

railway 16f miles long, from west end of
Dundee north-westward to Newtyle, in
Forfarshire. It was originally a single
truck line, 10J miles long, opened in 1831 ;
it left the town on a long steep inclined
plane, and by a tunnel through Dundee
Law ; it was altered by the formation of
two new portions, the one 7f miles long
directly onward, opened in 1859, the other
6 miles long to Lochee, opened in 1861 ;
and it was designed near the end of 1879
to acquire a new portion, starting from the
south end of the tunnel through Dundee
Law, and proceeding by the old. line into
junction with the new one near Downfield.

DUNDEE AND PERTH RAILWAY, rail-
way 21| miles, from Dundee west-south-
westward to Perth. It was opened in
1847 ; it traverses luxuriant and pictur-
esque tracts along the Tay, to the vicinity
of Perth ; and it there crosses the river on a
very long grand viaduct in form of segment
of a circle with the central part on an
island. Both this railway and the Dundee
and Newtyle were amalgamated in 1863
with the Scottish Central, and went with
that system in 1865 to the Caledonian.

DUNDEE AND STANLEY RAILWAY,
railway, projected in August 1880, to strike
from the Dundee and Perth line at Nine-
wells, to go by Millhill, Abernyte, Pit-
kindy, Bandirran, and Balbeggie, and to
join the Highland line at Stanley, in
Perthshire.

DUNDELCHACK, lake, about 6 miles
long and Lj mile broad, in Daviot parish,
Inverness-shire.

DUNDONALD, village, castle, and parish
in north-west of Kyle, Ayrshire. The
village stands 4 J miles south-east of Irvine,
presents an interesting appearance, and
has a post office under Kilmarnock, Es-
tablished and Free churches, and a public
school with about 141 scholars. — The
castle stands on an eminence adjacent to
the village ; appears to have been erect-
ed in 12th century ; was the residence
of several of the Stewart princes, and
the death place of Robert II. ; is now a
large, strong, thick-walled ruin ; and has
given the title of earl since 1669 to the
family of Cochrane. — The parish contains
also Fullarton suburb of Irvine, the town
of Troon, and the villages of Old Rome,
Shewalton, and Loans. Its length is 1\
miles ; its greatest breadth about 6^
miles ; its area 12,365 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1879-80, £47,353. Pop., quoad
civilia, 8086 ; quoad sacra, 1509. The
surface is divided from north to south into
two nearly equal sections by the low range
of Claven Hills and by Shewalton Moss.
The western section is nearly a dead flat,
bounded by the Firth of Clyde ; and the
eastern section is an assemblage of gentle
eminences, embellished with wood. The
seats are Fairlie, Shewalton, Newfield,
Auchans, Curreath, Hillhouse, and Fullar-
ton, the last belonging to the Duke of

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144

DUN

Portland. Established and Free churches
are at Troon and Fullarton, and a United
Presbyterian church is at Troon. 7 schools
for 832 scholars are in the parish, and
1 of them and a classroom for 210 are new.

DUNDONALD, remains of old castle in
Killean parish, Argyleshire.

DUNDONALD, coal-field in Auchter-
derran parish, Fife.

DUNDONNELL, seat in Lochbroom par-
ish, Ross-shire.

DUNDONNO CHIE, seat near Dunkeld,
Perthshire.

DUNDONY, small green island in Peter-
head parish, Aberdeenshire.

DUNDORNADIL. See Doknadilla.

DUNDREICH, round-topped hill, 1934
feet high, with extensive view, 6 J miles
north-by- east of Peebles.

DUNDRENNAN, village, old abbey, and
seat, 6 miles east-south-east of Kirkcud-
bright. The village has a post office under
Kirkcudbright, an inn, and 2 public
schools with about 213 scholars. The abbey
was founded in 1142; had a cruciform
church with spire 200 feet high ; was the
place where Queen Mary spent her last
night in Scotland ; and is now represented
by considerable well-preserved ruins.

DUNDUFF, place, with traces of Roman
camp and remains of old baronial fortalice,
in Maybole parish, Ayrshire.

DUNDUFF, place, with public school, in
Dunfermline parish, Fife.

DUNDURCUS, old parish, now annexed
mainly to Boharm in Banffshire, and
partly to Rothes in Elginshire.

DUNDURN, old parish, now part of
Comrie, Perthshire.

DUNDYVAN, suburb or section of Coat-
bridge, Lanarkshire. It has extensive
ironworks, and a great public school with
about 360 scholars.

DUNEARN, hill, with supposed crater
of extinct volcano, and with supposed
remains of Roman camp, in Burntisland
parish, Fife.

DUNEATON, small river, running about
13 miles south-eastward to the Clyde, at
about 2 miles below Abington, Lanark-
shire.

DUNECHT, a seat of the Earl of Craw-
ford, and place with post office under
Aberdeen, 12 miles west of Aberdeen.

DUNEVAN, ancient hill-fort near Caw-
dor, Nairnshire.

DUNEWAN, hill and reservoir, 2J miles
south of Eaglesham, Renfrewshire.

DUNFALLANDY, seat and ancient monu-
mental stone in Logierait parish, Perth-
shire.

DUNFERMLINE, town and parish in
south-west of Fife. The town stands 2|
miles north of Firth of Forth, and 20 east-
south-east of Stirling ; owed its origin to
an ancient abbey and. an ancient royal
palace ; figured much, for many ages, in
connection with royal courts and royal
visits ; suffered almost total destruction
by fire in 1624, but rose again to prosperity ;

occupies ground variously fiat, sloping,
broken, and ridgy; comprises narrow old
streets, good new streets, and a large new
western suburb ; has charming environs,
studded with villas and mansions, and
rich in both natural beauty and artificial
ornature ; and contains fine view-points,
interesting antiquities, and handsome
public buildings. It ranks as a royal and
parliamentary burgh, and as the seat of
sheriff courts for the west of Fife ; unites
with Inverkeithing, Culross, Queensferry,
and Stirling in sending a member to
Parliament ; carries on manufacture of
table linen in a manner and to an extent
unrivalled in the world; publishes 2
weekly newspapers ; and has a head post
office with all departments, a railway
station, 5 banking offices, 5 hotels, 4
Established churches, 3 Free churches, 4
United Presbyterian churches, Congrega-
tional, Evangelical Union, Baptist, Epis-
copalian, Catholic Apostolic, and Roman
Catholic churches, and 10 public schools.

The Corporation Buildings stand at
corner of Kirkgate and Bridge Street,
were founded in October 1876, are in a
combination of the Gothic and the French
styles, have a corner tower 117 feet high,
and were estimated to cost £18,688. The
Public Hall stands in St. Margaret Street,
was erected in 1878 at a cost of about
£9500, is in the early English style, and
contains two halls, one of them with accom-
modation for 1320 persons. The Free
Library adjoins the Public Hall, originated
in a gift of £8000 from Mr. A. Carnegie,
was planned in September 1880, and is
in the domestic Tudor style. The Public
Baths look toward Schoolend Street, were
erected in 1877 from a gift of £5000 from
Mr. A. Carnegie, and have a front eleva-
tion in the Scoto-Gothic style. A modern
bridge, 297 feet long, spans Pittencrieff
Glen, became surmounted by excellent
houses, and forms part of one of the best
streets. The water supply comprises
works of 1847 formed on a capital of
£13,350, additional works of 1868 at a
cost of about £17,400, and supplemental
works begun in 1877, and estimated to cost
about £55,000. Pittencrieff Glen possesses
much natural beauty, strikes a stranger
with surprise, contains a fragment of a
palatial castle of Malcolm Canmore, and
adjoins some remains of a later royal
palace. The Abbey occupies the site of a
Culdee cell, was founded by Malcolm Can-
more, altered by David I., and extended in
1250 ; contains the ashes of eight Scottish
kings and numerous queens and princes ;
and is now represented by the ruined nave,
exhibiting features of transition from Saxon
to Norman. The modern Abbey church
occupies the site of the old Abbey church's
choir ; was erected in 1821 at a cost of
more than £12,000 ; gave rise, at the ex-
cavation for it, to the discovery of the
remains of King Robert Bruce ; and has
a tower 100 feet high, with the words,

DUN

145

DUN

'King Robert the Bruce,' in the open
stonework of a surmounting Gothic balus-
trade. Monuments to Rev. Ralph Erskine
and Rev. Thomas Gillespie, founders of
sections of the United Presbyterian Church,
were erected within the Abbey in 1876. A
new Free church, in lieu of a previous one,
was projected in 1881. The town gave the
title of earl from 1605 till 1694 to the
family of Seton, and that of baron in 1839
to the third son of Sir Ralph Abercromby.
Real property of the burgh in 1880-81,
£56,371. Pop. 17,083.

The parish contains also the villages of
Charleston, Crossford, Halbeath, King-
soat, North Queensferry, TownhiU,
"Wellwood, Masterton, and Patiemuir,
most of Limekilns, and part of Crossgates
and Milesmark ; consists of a main body
and a small detached district; and is
bounded on the south by Firth of Forth.
The main body has a length of about 9
miles, and an extreme breadth of 6 miles ;
the detached district lies around Queens-
ferry ; and the whole has an area of 20,764
acres. Real property in 1880-81 of landward
part, £51,420. Pop., quoad civilia, 26,568 ;
quoad sacra, 17,547. The coast is about
1^ mile long, and variously flat and high.
The interior rises gently from Limekilns,
but brokenly from the small detached
district, to vicinity of the burgh ; is there,
and for some distance, picturesquely di-
versified ; alternates in ridges and hollows,
with increasing diversity and elevation,
towards the north ; and includes parts of
Craigluscar and Beath Hills on the ulterior
boundary. Coal is very plentiful, and
has long been extensively worked. Chief
residences are the Earl of Elgin's seat of
Broomhall, Pittencrieff, Pitreavie, Pitfir-
rane, Garvock, Keavil, . and Craigluscar.
The chief antiquities are those in the
burgh, and a battle-field of 1641 at Pit-
reavie. A Free church is at North
Queensferry, and United Presbyterian
churches are at Limekilns and Crossgates.
16 schools, for 3085 scholars, are in the
burgh, and 3 of them for 1150 are new ;
and 11 for 2242 scholars are in the land-
ward parts, and 4 of them and a class-room
for 1460 are new.

DUNFERMLINE (NORTH), quoad sacra
parish, with Established and Free churches
in Dunfermline. Pop. 4027.

DUNFERMLINE (ST. ANDREW), quoad
sacra parish, with Established and Free
churches in Dunfermline. Pop. 4503.

DUNFILLAN green, conical hill, with
rock-summit, called St. Fillan's Chair,
near St. Fillan's village, Perthshire.

DUNFIN conical mound, with vitrified
fort, on cliff, at side of the Drhuim, Inver-
nesb-stnre.

DUNGAVEL, two-topped hill in Wiston
parish, Lanarkshire.

DUNGEON, lake in Kells parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

DUNGIVEL, hill in Avondale parish,
Lanarkshire.

DUNGLASS, small rocky promontory
on the Clyde, 1\ miles east-south-east of
Dumbarton. It is crowned with remains
of an ancient castle of the Colquhouns,
and with an obelisk of 1839 to the memory
of Henry Bell.

DUNGLASS, mansion and dean on the
coast, at boundary between Haddington-
shire and Berwickshire. The mansion is
the seat of Sir Basil F. Hall, Bart. ; occu-
pies the site of a strong, ancient, historical
castle of the Earls of Home ; and has
well-wooded, picturesque grounds. The
dean includes part of these grounds ; is a
deep, romantic ravine,descendingfrom skirt
of the Lammermoors, and opening grandly
to the sea ; and is crossed by a very lofty
six-arched railway viaduct and two bridges.

DUNGLASS, bare bleak hill in Strath-
blane parish, Stirlingshire.

DUNGOIACH, conical wooded hill, con-
trasting strongly with Dunglass Hill, in
Strathblane parish, Stirlingshire.

DUNGOIL. See Dunagoil.

DUNGYLE, hill, with site of strong,
ancient Caledonian fort, in Kelton
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

DUNHEAD, vestige of ancient triangular
camp in Carmylie parish, Forfarshire.

DUN-I, hill in Iona Island, Argyleshire.

DUNIAN, round - backed ridgy hill,
1095 feet high, and about 3 miles long
and 2^ miles broad, culminating 1\ miles
south-west of Jedburgh, Roxburghshire.

DUNIKER. See Dunnikier.

DUNIMARLE. See Dunamaele.

DUNINO, parish, with church, 4 miles
south-south-east of St. Andrews, Fife. It
has a post office under St. Andrews. Its
length is 3^ miles ; its greatest breadth 2f
miles ; its area, 2737 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £4106. Pop. 297. The
surface is undulating, and rises to an ex-
treme height of less than 300 feet. The
chief estates are Dunino, Pittairthy, Stra-
vithy, and Kinaldy ; and the chief
antiquity is an old fortalice. The public
school has about 76 scholars.

DUNIPACE, parish, containing part of
Denny town, in Stirlingshire. Its length
is 5f miles ; its greatest breadth 2| miles ;
its area 5586 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £10,186. Pop. of town part, 1257;
of parish quoad civilia, 1874 ; quoad sacra,
1856. The river Carron traces all the
southern boundary. The eastern section is
part of the Carse of Stirling; and the western
rises to an elevation of about 600 feet. The
chief seats are Dunipace House, Quarter,
Carbrook, and Herbertshire, — the last very
ancient ; and the chief antiquities are two
beautiful artificial mounds, which have
been the subject of much controversy, and
the ruined Torwood Castle. The churches
are Established and Free. There are 2
schools for 360 scholars, and both are new.

DUNIPHAIL, estate with modern man-
sion, fragment of ancient castle, post office,
and railway station 8% miles south of
Forres, Elginshire. The castle stood on
K

DUN

146

DUN

a steep, conical hill, and resisted a siege
iby Randolph, Earl of Moray. The post
office is designated of Morayshire.

DUNIQUOICH, steep, conical, wooded hill,
about 700 feet high, with fine panoramic
view, adjacent to Inverary, Argyleshire.

DUNIRA, a seat of Sir Sidney J. Dundas,
Bart., 2| miles west-north-west of Oomrie,
Perthshire. It stands in a romantic glen,
noticed in Hogg's ' Bonny Kilmeny.'

DUNKELD, town and parish in Strath-
tay, Perthshire. The town stands on left
hank of the Tay, f mile north of a railway
station of its own name, 15J miles north-
north-west of Perth ; and is approached
from the station by a seven-arched bridge,
685 feet long, across the Tay, erected in
1809 at a cost of £40,000. It got its name
from being the ' Fort of the Kelts ' against
invasion from the South ; it became the
seat of successively a Culdee cell, a Romish
monastery, and a cathedral ; it flourished
for ages in connection with its cathedral,
and as an occasional royal residence ; it
witnessed a defeat of Royalist troops, and
was nearly all burnt by the Jacobite forces
after the battle of Killiecrankie ; and it
now has the size of only a considerable
village, and prospers chiefly as a favourite
resort of summer visitors and tourists. It
stands on low ground ; is immediately
overhung, round much of its skirt, by
lofty, diversified, wooded, picturesque
hills ; presents, from exterior view-points,
a very striking appearance ; contains a
good modern street on a line with the
bridge, an old street, and some lanes ; ad-
joins a mansion of the Duke of Athole ;
and has a head post office, with all de-
partments, 3 banking offices, 4 hotels,
remains of its cathedral, Established, Free,
and Congregational churches, a grammar
school, and a public library. The Duke of
Athole's mansion, Dunkeld House, is a
palatial edifice, founded by the fourth
duke, but left incomplete at his death in
1830 ; is in tasteful variety of the Gothic
style ; was visited in 1842 and 1844 by
Queen Victoria ; and has very extensive
grounds with ornate suites of buildings,
and rich diversity of gardens, drives, and
walks. The cathedral was erected in times
from middle of 12th century till latter
part of 15th ; is in styles from the later
Norman to the later English, with some
geometric and flamboyant features ; and
contains monuments of the ' Wolf of
Badenoch,' two bishops, and the 42d
Highlanders for their services at the
Crimea. The greater part of it, measuring
112 feet by 62, is a roofless ruin, with walls
40 feet high ; but the choir was renovated
in 1820, at a cost of about £5400, to serve
as the parochial church ; and the chapter-
house is still entire, and contains a statue
of the fourth Duke of Athole, and monu-
ments of other members of the Athole
family. Pop. of the town, 768. The
parish excludes part of the town, is all
occupied by the rest of the town and the

ducal pleasure grounds, and figures in all
statistics as conjoint with Dowally. Acres
of the two, 9456. Real property in
1880-81, £3350. Pop. 791.

DUNKELD (LITTLE) , parish in Strathtay,
Perthshire. It took its name from a vil-
lage which stood on the right bank of the
Tay, opposite Dunkeld, but is now extinct ;
it contains the railway station of Dunkeld,
the villages of Birnam, Inver, and Dal-
guise, and about 20 smaller villages or
hamlets ; and it measures 16 miles in
length, about 9 miles in greatest breadth,
and 41,268 acres in area. Real property in
1880-81,£20,012. Pop. 2175. The Tay flows
windingly and beautifully on the northern
and eastern boundary for about 14 miles ;
and the Bran runs partly on the southern
boundary, but chiefly through the interior,
and has there the notable Rumbling
Bridge and Ossian's Hall. Birnam Hill
is on the southern boundary ; hills or
mountains occupy a large proportion of
the other borders ; hills or mountains also
occupy much of the interior ; and so many
as about 20,378 acres are uncultivated.
The sections nearest the Tay and along
the Bran include large tracts of good
arable land, either flat, sloping, or undu-
lating, and contain nearly all the popula-
tion. A remarkably fine clay is found
in Strathbran ; and a very fine hard
sandstone occurs in the south-east. The
chief seats are Murthly Castle, Dalguise
House, Kinnaird House, Birnam Lodge,
Torwood, and Dundonnochie ; and the
chief antiqtiities are Caledonian stone
circles, Caledonian forts, huge cairns,
Trochrie Castle, and objects on Birnam
Hill. The churches are 2 Established, 2
Free, and an Episcopalian. There are 5
schools for 435 scholars, and 1 of them
for 200 is new.

DUNKENNY, seat near Glammis, For-
farshire.

DUNLAPPIE, old parish, now part of
Strickathrow, Forfarshire.

DUNLEA, headland in Kilmuir parish,
Isle of Skye.

DUNLEAKEN, massive mountain, con-
tiguous to Loch Fyne, near Furnace village,
Argyleshire. A quarry of very fine
granite is on it.

DUNLIATH, Scandinavian fort in Kil-
muir parish, Isle of Skye.

DUNLICHITY, old parish united to
Daviot, in Inverness-shire.

DUNLOP, village in Ayrshire, and parish
partly also in Renfrewshire. The village
stands 1\ miles north of Stewarton, and
has a post office under Stewarton, a par-
ochial church, a Free church, and a public
school with about 149 scholars. Pop. 357.
The parish is about 7 miles long, and
mostly about 2 miles broad, but contracts
towards the ends. Acres in Ayrshire,
6078 ; in Renfrewshire, 1101. Real pro-
perty in 1879-80, £15,935, and £3209.
Pop. 1363. The surface is mostly an
assemblage of green knolls and hillocks ;

DUN

147

DUN

lies everywhere higher than 300 feet above
sea-level, yet nowhere higher than about
150 feet above the beds of the local
streams ; and commands, from many a
point, an extensive panoramic view. The
dairy draws chief attention of the culti-
vators, and has long been famous for its
cheese. Dunlop House is the principal
residence, and Aiket Castle the chief
antiquity.

DUNLOP-PLACE, village in Dalserf par-
ish, Lanarkshire. Pop., with Red Row,327.

DUNLUGAS, estate, with mansion and
public school, in Alvah parish, Banffshire.

DUNLUSKIN, hill and lake near Dunoon,
Argyleshire.

DUNMAC SNI ACH AN, site of alleged
Dalriadan city of Berigonium on coast of
Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

DUNMAGLASS, detached section of
Nairnshire, about 16 square miles in ai-ea,
encompassed by Dunlichity old parish, in
Inverness-shire.

DUNMAN, rocky hill, with vestiges of
ancient Caledonian fort, on coast of
ELirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire.

DUNMORE, village and mansion in
Airth parish, Stirlingshire. The village
stands on the Forth, 8 miles east-south-
east of Stirling, and has a post office with
telegraph under Stirling, a small harbour,
and an Episcopalian chapel. The mansion
is the seat of the Earl of Dunmore, is an
elegant Gothic edifice, and has a well-
wooded park.

DUNMORE, seat on north-west side of
West Loch Tarbert, Argyleshire.

DUNMORE, hill, crowned by granite
obelisk, 72 feet high, to the memory of
Lord Melville, 1£ mile north of Comrie,
Perthshire.

DUNMORE, hill in Monzie parish, Perth-
shire.

DUN (MUIR OF), hamlet in Dun parish,
Forfarshire.

DUNMULLIE, place, with vestiges of
mediaeval castle, in Duthil parish, Inver-
ness-shire.

DUNMYAT, precipitous hill in north
front of the Ochils, 4 miles north-east of
Stirling. It looks like a huge buttress,
rises to a height of 1375 feet above sea-
level, and commands one of the most
magnificent views in Great Britain.

DUNN, hamlet in Watten parish, Caith-
ness. It has a public school with about 72

SCD°UNNAGU, mountain, 2505 feet high,
6 miles west of Duart, in Mull Island,
Argyleshire.

DUNNECHTAN. See Dunnichen.

DUNNET, village and parish on north
coast of Caithness. The village stands 9
miles east by north of Thurso, and has a
post office under Thurso, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 53 scholars. The parish measures
12 miles in length, and 6 miles in greatest
breadth. Real property in 1880-81,
£6238. Pop. 1607. Dunnet Bay is

partly on the north-western border, ex-
tends westward at the mouth to Holburn-
Head, and has a total length of about 5i
miles, with mean breadth of about 2f
miles. Dunnet promontory extends north-
ward from upper part of east side of the
bay, is 3% miles long, and averagely 1\
miles broad, and presents all round to the
sea a broken rocky face from 100 to 400
feet high. Dunnet Head terminates that
promontory, is the most northerly ground
of the Scottish mainland, and is crowned
with a lighthouse, showing a fixed light
visible at the distance of 23 nautical miles.
The coast eastward of the promontory is
straight, low, and rocky, and about 2 J
miles long, and has small harbours at
Brough and Ham. All the interior, ex-
cepting the promontory, has a slightly irre-
gular surface, not far from level, with
average elevation of about 150 feet. Chief
objects of interest are quarries, 10 small
lakes, numerous tumuli and Picts' houses,
and vestiges of 3 Romish chapels. Public
schools are at Ratter, Greenland, and
Barrock.

DUNNICHEN, village and parish in south
centre of Forfarshire. The village stands 4
miles east-south-east of Forfar, and contains
the parochial church. The parish contains
4 other small villages, and most of the
large post office village of Letham. Its
length is about 5 miles ; its breadth about
3f miles ; its area, 4917 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £8909. Pop. 1422.
The surface consists mostly of gently
sloping reaches, and rises at its highest
point to about 720 feet above sea-level.
Dunnichen Hill, on the northern boundary,
includes the highest point, is about 3
miles long, and was originally called
Dunnechtan, from a resident Pictish
chieftain. A chief residence is Dunnichen
House, and a chief antiquity is the field of
a battle in 7th century between the Picts
and the Northumbrian Saxons. A Free
church and a Congregational chapel are in
Letham. 2 schools for 290 scholars are in
the parish, and one of them and an en-
largement for 234 are new.

DUNNIDEER, isolated hill, with vitrified
fort and remnant of ancient castle, in
Insch parish, Aberdeenshire.

DUNNIKIER, old part of Pathhead
suburb of Kirkcaldy, Fife. It has a Free
church, and it adjoins an estate of its own
name with mansion and collieries.

DUNNIKIER, hill, with extensive view,
in Kilconquhar parish, Fife.

DUNNINALD, old parish, with dean,
hill, and modern mansion of its own
name now in Craig, adjacent to Montrose,
Forfarshire.

DUNNING, town and parish on south-
east border of Perthshire. The town
stands 1£ mile south-east of a railway
station of its own name, and 9£ miles
south-west of Perth ; includes the suburb
of Newton of Pitcairns ; presents a
pleasant appearance ; and has a post

DUN

148

DUN

office with money order and telegraph
departments under Perth, a banking
office, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and 3 public
schools. Pop. 813. The parish is
about 7 miles long and 4 miles broad, and
comprises 14,855 acres. Keal property in
1880-81, £13,870. Pop. 1635. About one-
third of the surface lies among the Ochils,
and the rest slopes to the Earn. Dun-
cruib, the seat of Lord Rollo, is the chief
mansion ; and other seats are Pitcairns
and Garvock.

DUNNOTTAR, parish containing Craw-
ton fishing village and part of Stonehaven
post town, on coast of Kincardineshire.
Its length is 5£ miles ; its greatest breadth
3^ miles ; its area 7783 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £12,869. Pop. 2498.
The coast has a length of 3f miles, is
mostly very bold and rocky, and abounds
in deep caves, much frequented by sea-
fowl. The interior is mostly uneven, with
numerous rising-grounds and hillocks ; but
includes, on its north border, a part of the
How of Mearns. The chief seat is Dunn-
ottar House ; and the chief antiquity, a
great and famous one, is Dunnottar Castle.
This crowns an insulated salient rock,
rising from the sea in cliffs 160 feet high ;
was erected and occupied by the Keiths,
Earls Marischal ; made a great figure
in the long course of the wars of the Suc-
cession ; became the hiding-place of the
Scottish Regalia in the time of Cromwell,
and a State prison in the times of Charles
II. and James VII. ; is notable for the
' Whigs' Vault,' where many of the
Covenanters were immured and tortured ;
was dismantled after the attainder of the
last Earl Marischal in 1715 ; and presents
now the appearance of a very striking ruin
with embattled walls and stately towers.
The parochial church stands about 1^
mile north-west of the castle ; and its
churchyard contains a monument to the
Covenanters who died in the ' "Whigs'
Vault,' and was the place where Sir Walter
Scott met the person whom he calls ' Old
Mortality.' Free, United Presbyterian,
Episcopalian, and Roman Catholic churches
are in Stonehaven. 3 public schools for
321 scholars are in the parish, and 1 of
them for 105 is new.

DUNOLLY, ruined ancient castle and
fine modern mansion, near Oban, Argyle-
shire. The castle stands on a bold, rocky
promontory at northern extremity of
Oban bay ; dates from 12th century, but
may have been preceded by a Scandinavian
fortalice ; was the chief seat of the Mac-
dougals, lords of Lorn ; and is now
represented by only its keep and some
ivy-clad fragments of other buildings.

DUNOON, town and parish in Cowal
district, Argyleshire. The town stands
on Firth of Clyde, 8 miles by water west
of Greenock ; grew around an ancient
castle on crown of small promontory ;
became a residence of the Bishops of

Argyle, and a great ferry thoroughfare ;
prospered, nevertheless, only so far as to
be a village, and sank afterwards to the
condition of a hamlet ; expanded from
about 1822 till the present time into the
bulk and celebrity of the largest and most
favoured watering-place on the Clyde ;
and made a claim, in 1873, to be consti-
tuted the political capital of Argyleshire.
The castle is thought to have been de-
veloped from a Dalriadan fortalice ; was
captured by Edward Baliol, held by Edward
III. of England, and recaptured by the
Steward who became Robert III.; under-
went reconstruction, in three-towered
form and with palatial grandeur, about
beginning of 15th century ; ranked there-
after as a royal palace in charge of the
noble family of Argyle ; was visited by
Queen Mary ; became the scene, in 17th.
century, of a horrible massacre ; was then
relinquished to decay ; and subsided
eventually into merely a sub-basement.
The town, in one sense, is a compact
assemblage of regular streets adjacent to
the castle promontory ; in another sense,
is an array of single streets, rows of villas,
and groups of various sorts of buildings,
including Kirn and other suburbs, and
extending about 4| miles from Holy Loch
to Bawtry Bay ; in either sense, occupies
a strip of low ground, backed by braes
ascending rapidly to mountain height, and
presents a picturesque appearance. It
has a head post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, 2 banking
offices, 4 hotels, a town hall of 1874,
convalescent homes, steamboat piers near
the castle site and at Kirn, 2 Established
churches, 2 Free churches, 2 United
Presbyterian churches, 2 Episcopalian
churches, Baptist and Roman Catholic
chapels, 3 public schools, and several
local institutions. The parochial church
is a prominent Gothic edifice of 1816 ;
one of the Free churches was erected in
1877 ; and one of the United Presbyterian
churches in 1875. Pop. of the town, 4687.
— The parish contains also the villages of
Inellan, Sandbank, Ardenadam, Kdmun,
Strone, Blairmore, and Ardentinny. Its
length is about 18 miles; its greatest
breadth 9 miles ; its area 44,595 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £78,550. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 7974 ; quoad sacra, 5349.
The coast is bisected, to the extent of
about 2 miles, by Holy Loch ; measures,
inclusive of curvatures, at least 30 miles ;
has a low and mostly narrow seaboard,
with great aggregate of artificial ornature.
and occupied to the amount of at least 6
miles by town and villages ; and is over-
hung, immediately behin'd the seaboard,
by bold hills or mountains. The interior
comprises 5 groups or ranges of hill or
mountain, and 5 intersecting vales or glens;
and it exhibits, in both its uplands and
its low grounds, a rich diversity of natural
feature. The chief seats are Toward
Castle, Hafton House, Glenfinart House,

DUN

149

DUN

and Benmore House ; and the chief an-
tiquities are the sub-basement of Dunoon
Castle, the ruin of old Toward Castle,
and the tower of Kilmun collegiate church.
Established churches are at Toward,
Inellan, Sandbank, Kilmun, Strone, and
Ardentinny ; Free churches are at Inellan,
Sandbank, and Kilmun ; and a United
Presbyterian church is at Inellan. Sixteen
schools for 1565 scholars are in the
parish, and 5 of them for 580 are new.

DUNPHAIL. See Duniphail.

DUNRAGIT, railway station, post office,
and seat, 5 miles east-south-east of Stran-
raer, Wigtonshire.

DUNREGGAN, suburb of Minniehive,
Dumfriesshire.

DUNROBIN, seat of the Duke of Suther-
land, 2 miles north-east of Golspie, Suther-
land. It stands on a ramparted sea
terrace, 300 feet long ; includes a plain
castellated structure of 1275 ; is mainly a
great rectangular pile of 1847, in mixedly
French, German, and old Scottish styles ;
contains sumptuous apartments specially
prepared for occupancy by the Queen ; and
has very beautiful grounds, containing two
Scandinavian dunes.

DUNROD, old barony in Innerkip parish,
Renfrewshire. It belonged to Sir James
Lindsay, the companion of Sir Robert
Bruce ; and it is traversed by a burn of its
own name, spanned by a very ancient
bridge, supposed to be Roman.

DUNROSSNESS, parish in south of
Shetland. It comprehends the old par-
ishes of Dunrossness, Sandwick, and
Coningsbnrgh ; comprises tbe southern
extremity of Mainland, to the length of
about 18 miles ; includes the Islands of
Mousa, Cross, Colsay, St. Ninian, and
Fair Isle ; and has a post office of its own
name, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Lerwick. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £3728. Pop., quoad
civilia, 4226 ; quoad sacra, 1818. The
surface is mostly bleak and heathy, but
comprises a considerable aggregate of land
fairly productive of coarse barley and oats.
The parochial church contains 858 sittings.
Established churches are at Sandwick and
Fair Isle ; Free churches at Dunrossness
and Coningsburgh ; a Congregational
church at Sandwick ; and Baptist and
Wesleyan churches at Dunrossness. 8
schools for 602 scholars are in the parish,
and 7 of them for 567 are new.

DUNROSTAN, rivulet in North Knap-
dale parish, Argyleshire.

DUNSAPPIE, lake on east shoulder of
Arthur's Seat, adjacent to Edinburgh.

DUNSCORE, parish on west border of
Nithsdale, Dumfriesshire. It has a post
office of its own name under Dumfries,
and contains the village of Cottack. Its
length is 11 miles ; its greatest breadth 3k
miles ; its area 14,815 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £13,675. Pop. 1405.
The surface includes fertile alluvial lands
adjacent to the Nith ; extends westward

thence, across Gleneslin rivulet, to the
upmost reach of the Urr ; and consists
chiefly of three vales or glens with enclosing
hills. Ellisland farmhouse, once occupied
by the poet Burns, Lag Tower, the ruined
seat of the Griersons, and Friar's Carse,
with vestiges of ancient monastery, are in
the east ; and Bogrie and Sundaywell
Towers, famous in the history of the Cove-
nanters, are in the west. The churches are
Established, Free, and United Presbyterian.
There are 3 schools for 302 scholars, and 1
of them and enlargements for 167 are new.

DUNSCRIBEN, vitrified fort on hill over-
looking Loch Ness, in Urquhart parish,
Inverness-shire.

DUNSCUDDEBURGH, Scandinavian fort
in Kilmuir parish, Isle of Skye.

DUNSE, town and parish in Berwick-
shire. The town stands on a plain ad-
jacent to Dunse Law, 1\ miles north-north-
east of Greenlaw ; took its name from an
ancient town on the top of Dunse Law,
figuring much in the Border wars, and
destroyed in 16th century; was founded
about 1588 as a successor to that town, and
partly engirt for a long time by a deep
morass ; ranks now as the political capital
of Berwickshire conjointly with Greenlaw ;
is a great centre of marketing business, and
publishes a weekly newspaper ; comprises
a fine market square and spacious streets ;
and has a head post office with all depart-
ments, a railway station, 3 banking offices,
2 hotels, County Buildings, a steepled
Gothic town hall, a parochial church de-
stroyed by fire in 1879, and restored at a
cost of nearly £1000 in 1880-81, a Free
church, 3 United Presbyterian churches,
an Episcopalian church, a public school for
500 scholars, erected in 1880- 81 at a cost of
£5760, and a public library opened in 1875.
Pop. 2437. — The parish is 1\ miles long
and 3^ miles broad, and comprises ll,39ti
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £27,099.
Pop. 3353. The north-western section is
part of the Lammermoors, and attains an
extreme altitude of 1065 feet ; and the
south-eastern section is part of the Merse,
and mostly fertile and highly cultivated.
Dunse Law measures about 2\ miles round
the base, rises to an altitude of 630 feet,
has a tabular summit of about 30 acres,
and was twice entrenched and occupied by
the Covenanters' army under General
Leslie. The seats are Dunse Castle,
Manderston, Wedderburn, Wellfield,
Cumledge, Cairnbank, and Berrywell ;
and the chief antiquities are vestiges of the
Covenanters' camp and the site of Edins-
hall. There were, prior to the formation of
the school board, 9 schools for 600 scholars.

DUNSE, hill in Roxburgh parish, Rox-
burghshire.

DUNSHELT, village about a mile south-
east of Auchtermuchty, Fife. It has a post
office under Auchtermuchty. Pop. 414.

DUNSINNAN, hill and seat, 8 miles
north-east of Perth. The hill is conical,
flat-topped, and 1012 feet high ; commands

DUN

150

DUR

a very fine view ; and was formerly crowned
with a strong castle, said to have been
built by Macbeth.

DUNSKAITH, ruined large ancient
castle on Loch Eishart, in Sleat parish,
Isle of Skye.

DUNSKEATH, quondam castle, built by
William the Lion, on north side near
mouth of Cromarty Firth, Ross-shire.

DUNSKEIG, hill, with two ancient forts,
one of them vitrified, at south side of
mouth of West Loch Tarbert, Argyleshire.

DUNSKELLAR, place in North Uist,
Outer Hebrides. It has a public school
with about 96 scholars.

DUNS KELLY, grotto in Kirkpatrick-
Fleming parish, Dumfriesshire.

DUNSKERRY, islet in Pentland Firth,
4 miles north of Farout-head, Sutherland.

DUNSKEY, seat and ruined baronial
fortalice near Portpatrick, Wigtonshire.

DUNSTAFFNAGE, ruined famous ancient
castle, 3| miles north of Oban, Argyleshire.
It stands on a tabular rock at south side of
mouth of Loch Etive ; appears to have
been erected in latter part of 12th century ;
occupies the site of a chief seat of the
Dalriadan kings ; belonged to successively
the Macdougals and the Campbells ; was
maintained as a fortress till the rebellion
of 1745 ; is a quadrangular pile, measuring
87 feet interiorly on each side ; rises to a
height of 66 feet, with round towers at the
corners ; and is noticed in Sir Walter
Scott's Lord of the Isles. A cemetery with
ruined ancient chapel is in its vicinity,
and may have been the burying place of
some of the Dalriadan kings. A celebrated
slab, said to have been a coronation-seat at
Dunstaffnage, was afterwards used as
such at Scone, and taken thence by Ed-
ward I. to England, and is now in the
throne on which the British sovereigns
are crowned.

DUNSYRE, village and parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. The village stands
6J miles east of Carnwath, and has a post
office under Dolphinton, a railway station,
a parochial church, and a public school.
The parish is 6 miles long and 5 miles
broad, and comprises 10,743 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £5974. Pop. 254.
Most of the surface lies higher than 700
feet above sea-level, and a steep hill on it
rises to the height of 1813 feet. Only
about 3000 acres are arable, and a large
extent is wild moor. The parish was
traversed by a Roman road, retains
traces of it, and was a retreat of the
Covenanters.

DUNTARVIE, estate in Abercorn parish,
Linlithgowshire.

DUNTAULICH, seat at foot of Loch
Tummel, Perthshire.

DUNTAYNISH, hill in North Knapdale
parish, Argyleshire.

DUNTIBLAE, place, with factories, near
Kirkintilloch, Dumbartonshire. It was the
residence and death-place of AValter Wat-
son, author of well-known Scottish lyrics.

DUNTOCHER, town, on rivulet amid
opening of Kilpatrick Hills, 9 miles north-
west of Glasgow. It is modern, but con-
tains an ancient bridge, believed to be
Roman, and adjoins a hill on which
Roman relics, preserved in Glasgow Uni-
versity museum, were found; and it has
a post office under Glasgow, 4 factories,
Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
and Roman Catholic churches, and a
public school. Pop. 1572.

DUNTREATH, ancient strong castellated
mansion, once the seat of the Earls of
Lennox, now a seat of Admiral Sir William
Edmonstone, Bart., on Blane river, in
Strathblane parish, Stirlingshire.

DUNTROON, modernized strong ancient
castellated mansion, 1^ mile north-west of
Port Crinan, Argyleshire.

DUNTRUNE, estate in Dundee parish,
Forfarshire.

DUNTULM, bay, fragment of old castle,
and post office under Portree, in Kilmuir
parish, Isle of Skye. The bay is but partly
sheltered, yet affords anchorage and some
harbourage. The castle stood on a lofty
mural rock, washed by the sea ; sprang
from a Scandinavian fort into a condition
of great strength and grandeur; and was
the residence of the Macdonalds, descend-
ants of the Lords of the Isles.

DUNURE, fishing village and ruined old
castle on small bay 5£ miles north-west of
Maybole, Ayrshire. The castle was the
original seat of the noble family of Ken-
nedy, dated from very early times, had
great strength, and figured much in pro-
vincial history.

DUNVEGAN, sea-loch, hamlet, and cas-
tellated mansion in north-west of Skye.
The loch separates Vaternish peninsula
from Duirinish -proper, is about 10 miles
long, and diminishes from a width of about
7 miles to almost a point. The hamlet lies
near the loch's head, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Portree, an inn, and a public
school with about 84 scholars. The mansion
stands on a peninsulated rock in vicinity
of the hamlet ; is an imposing structure,
variously very ancient, mediaeval, and
modern ; was visited by Dr. Johnson and
Sir Walter Scott ; figures in their accounts
of demonology, and in Smith's Summer in
Skye ; and contains Rory More's drinking-
cup, mentioned in one of Burns' songs.

DUNWAN. See Dunewan.

DUPPLIN CASTLE, seat of the Earl of
Kinnoul, near the Earn, 5 miles south-
west of Perth. It was rebuilt in 1832, at
a cost of more than £30,000; is in the Tudor
style ; has fine grounds, with about 370
acres of stately wood ; and was visited in
1842 by Queen Victoria. Dupplin parish,
around the castle, was the scene of a battle in
13;->2 between Edward Baliol and the Earl of
Mar, and was annexed in 1618 to Aberdalgie.

DURADEN, ravine and village, 2| miles
east- south-east of Cupar, Fife. The ravine
is winding and picturesque, intersects the

DUR

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DUT

hill-range flanking south side of Strath-
eden, and is traversed by a rivulet running
about 7 miles north-north-eastward to the
Eden. The village stands in the ravine,
is a seat of some manufacture, and has a
post office under Cupar. Pop. 328.

DURAN, hill, 5 miles south-east of
Thurso, Caithness.

DURHAMTOWN, village in Bathgate
parish, Linlithgowshire. Pop. 166.

DURIE, seat near Leven, Fife.

DURIN, place, with good inn, on north
coast of Durness parish, Sutherland.

DURINISH. See Duirinish.

DURISDEER. See Durrisdeer.

DURN, burn, running to the sea at
Portsoy, and hill, with quartz quarry
and remains of ancient camp, in Fordyce
parish, Banffshire.

DURNESS, parish in north-western ex-
tremity of Sutherland. It has a post
office of its own name, with money order
department, under Lairg ; and it com-
prises the north-western extremity of the
Scottish mainland to the extent of 18 by
15 miles, and includes several islets. Keal
property in 1880-81, £6470. Pop. 987.
The coast extends westward from Whiten-
head to Cape Wrath, and southward from
Cape "Wrath to Sandwood Bay ; measures,
exclusive of sinuosities, about 22 miles ;
includes, in the north, Farouthead, Loch
Eriboll mouth, and Durness Bay ; and,
over most of its extent, both on the north
and on the west, is bold, lofty, cliffy, and
cavernous. Loch Eriboll and the Kyle of
Durness strike far southward from the
north coast, and, with streams entering
their head, cut the interior into three
sections with distinctive names ; and Loch
Hope, a long fresh-water lake, extending
to within 1^ mile of the sea, cuts the
most easterly section into two. Benhope
and the Moin are on the eastern boundary ;
and mountain ranges, upland masses, and
deep moss tracts occupy so much ground
throughout the interior as to leave but a
very small aggregate of arable land. The
prevailing aspect is wildly highland. A
strikingly interesting object is Smoo Cave;
a principal residence is Balnakiel; and chief
antiquities are numerous standing-stones,
cairns, and Scandinavian dunes. The
churches are Established and Free. The
chief public school has accommodation for
121 scholars, and there are minor appliances
of education for the sequestered districts.

DUROR, rivulet, hamlet, and quoad sacra
parish in north of Appin district, Argyle-
shire. The rivulet runs about 7 miles
westward to Loch Linnhe at 5 miles south-
south-west of Ballachulish. The hamlet
lies on the rivulet near its mouth, and has
a post office designated of Argyleshire, an
inn, a church with 323 sittings, and a
public school with about 63 scholars. Pop.
of the quoad sacra parish, 489.

DURRAN, quondam lake, now rich
meadow, in Olrig parish, Caithness.

DURRIS, parish, with church, on the

Dee, 4^ miles east of Banchory, Kincar-
dineshire. It has a post office of its own
name under Aberdeen. Its length is 7f
miles ; its greatest breadth 5 miles ; its
area 15,294 acres. Real property in 1880-
81, £9949. Pop. 1014. The surface in-
cludes level meadow land adjacent to the
Dee, hillocky acclivities in the central
parts, and skirts of the Grampians upwards
of 1000 feet high in the south. Durris
House, a modern mansion connected by
long colonnade with an ancient one, is
the chief residence. The churches are
Established and Free ; and the public
schools are 2 new ones, with accommoda-
tion for 230 scholars.

DURRISDEER, village and parish in
Nithsdale, Dumfriesshire. The village
stands 5J miles north of Thornhill, and
has a post office under Thornhill, a
parochial church with fantastic mauso-
leum of the Douglas dukes of Queens-
berry, and a public school with about 90
scholars. —The parish contains also the
Duke of Buccleuch's seat of Drumlanrig
Castle, and part of the village of Carron-
Bridge. Its length is 8J miles ; its greatest
breadth 4^ miles ; its area 19,717 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £9540. Pop.
1107. The surface includes rich diversified
lands on both sides of the Nith, and
ascends to the Wallpath and to the
watershed of some of the loftiest of
the Lowther Mountains. About one-half
of all the land is either pastoral or waste.
The parish has vestiges of a Roman camp,
and was the scene of Johnnie o' Breadislee's
'woeful hunting.' There are 3 public
schools for 248 scholars, and they include
recent enlargements for 80.

DURY, burn and braes in Fowlis- Wester
parish, Perthshire.

DUSK. See Dhuisk.

DUSKER, islet, 2| miles west of Tyree,
Argyleshire.

DUTHIL, parish, comprehending Duthil-
proper and Rothiemurchus, on north-east
border of Inverness-shire. Duthil-proper
lies on left side of the Spey, is traversed
by the Dulnain, contains the head post
office of Aviemore, and the post office
hamlet of Carrbridge, and measures 16
miles by 13. Rothiemurchus lies on right
side of the Spey, and measures 10 miles
by 7. Real property of the whole in
1880-81, £10,137. Pop., quoad civilia,
1664 ; quoad sacra, 1371. The surface of
Duthil-proper includes alluvial belts on the
Spey and the Dulnain, rises to Craigellachie,
and ascends to the watershed of theMonadh-
leagh mountains. Much of the scenery is
highly picturesque. Two objects of inte-
rest are the modern mausoleum of the
noble family of Seafield, and the ruin of
the Grants' old tower of Muckerath. The
churches are an Established and a Free in
Duthil-proper, and an Established in
Rothiemurchus. Eight schools for 471
scholars are in the united parish, and 4 of
them and an enlargement for 200 are new.

DWA

152

EAG

DWARFIE-STONE, sandstone block, 28
feet long and 14 feet broad, 2 miles south-
east of top of "Ward Hill, on Hoy Island,
Orkney. It has been artificially hollowed,
is popularly associated with ancient Scan-
dinavian thaumaturgy, and may have been
used in ancient heathen rites.

DYCE, village and parish in Aberdeen-
shire. The village stands near junction
of Great North of Scotland Railway with
the Formartine and Buchan line, 7 miles
north-west of Aberdeen, is conjoint with
Gordon Place village, and has a post office,
with money order department, under
Aberdeen, a railway station, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 127 scholars. Pop. 561. — The
parish is about 6 miles long and 3 miles
broad, and comprises 5237 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £5717. Pop. 1162.
The river Don traces all the northern and
eastern boundary. The land adjacent to the
river is low rich haugh, and that backward
thence rises into a low heathy hill about 3
miles long. Granite is almost the only
rock, and has been extensively quarried.
The antiquities are an ancient Caledonian
stone circle and several cairns.

DYE, rivulet, running about 9 miles
east-south-eastward, among the Lammer-
moors to the Whitadder, at 6 miles west-
north-west of Dunse, Berwickshire.

DYE, or WEST WATER, small river,
running about 20 miles east-south-eastward
to the North Esk, at 4 miles north-north-
east of Brechin, Forfarshire.

DYKE, village in Elginshire, and parish
partly also in Nairnshire. The village
stands 3^ miles west-by-south of Forres, is
embosomed among trees, and has the
parochial church, a Free church, and a
public school with about 87 scholars. The
parish contains also the villages of Kintes-
sack, Whitemire, and Broom of Moy ; and
its post town is Forres. It lies along
Moray Firth and Findhorn river, and
measures about 5^ miles on the coast, and
7 miles southward. Acres, in Elginshire,
13,550 ; in Nairnshire, 29. Real property
in 1880-81, £9014 and £45. Pop. 1236.
The northern section is mostly filled with
the Culbin sands ; and the southern section
is variously sloping and undulating, and
looks like fertile embellished champaign.
Darnaway Castle, with its pleasure grounds
and forest,is a prominent feature; and other
seats are Brodie, Dalvey, Moy, and Kincorth.
Hardmoor Heath, adjacent to the Culbin
sands, is Shakespeare's scene of Macbeth and
Banquo's meeting with the weird sisters.

DYKEHEAD, town near Shotts railway
station, Shotts parish, Lanarkshire. Pop.
1105.

DYKEHEAD, village in Hamilton parish,
Lanarkshire. Pop. 264.

DYKEHEAD, place near Kilmaurs, Ayr-
shire. It has a post office under Kilmar-
nock.

DYKEHEAD, village near Kirriemuir,
Forfarshire.

DYKEHEAD, village near Bargeddie, in
Old Monkland parish, Lanarkshire.

DYKEHEAD, village in Slamannan par-
ish, Stirlingshire. It has a public school
with about 62 scholars.

DYKEHEAD, hamlet in Port-of-Menteith
parish, Perthshire. It has a public school
with about 51 scholars.

DYKENOOK, place, with public school,
in Fetteresso parish, Kincardineshire.

DYROCK, affluent of the Girvan, at Kirk-
michael village, Ayrshire.

DYSART, town and parish on south
coast of Fife. The town stands 2 miles
north-north-east of Kirkcaldy ; dates from
at least the latter part of 9th century ;
was long a place of extensive saltworks and
of a brisk commerce, conducted by what an
old song calls the ' canty carles o' Dysart ; '
adjoins coal mines, which have often been
on fire, and are exaggeratingly described in
George Buchanan's Franciscanus ; figures
also in Tennant's Answer Fair ; has in its
harbour a high rock, said to have been
fortified by Oliver Cromwell ; presents now
a decayed and stagnant appearance ; ranks
as a royal and parliamentary burgh, but
includes, in the latter character, large
suburbs bearing other names ; unites with
Kirkcaldy, Kinghorn, and Burntisland in
sending a member to Parliament ; and has
a post office, with all departments, desig-
nated of Fifeshire, a railway station, a bank-
ing office, a plain steepled town hall, Es-
tablished, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches, and 2 public schools with about
748 scholars. Pop. of the parliamentary
burgb.,10,877. — The parish contains also the
suburban towns of Gallatown,Pathhead,and
Sinclairtown, and the village of Boreland.
Its length is 4 miles ; its greatest breadth 3
miles ; its area 4197 acres. Real property,
inclusive of the burgh, in 1880-81, £41,393.
Pop., quoad civilia, 11,601 ; quoad sacra,
7657. The coast measures about 2J miles ;
is bold and rocky ; and includes the Red
Rocks, associated with old traditions of
witch-burning, and presenting a romantic
appearance. The interior rises gradually for
about a mile, and is crossed in the northern
part by Ore river. A chief residence is
Dysart House, the seat of the Earl of
Rosslyn ; and chief antiquities are ruins of
Ravenscraig Castle, and a large stone,
said to commemorate a battle in 9th
century between the Scots and the Danes.
An Established church is at Pathhead, and
Free churches are at Pathhead and Galla-
town. 8 schools for 1705 scholars are in the
parish, and 1 of them and an enlargement for
400 are new. The town or parish gives the
title of earl to the family of Tollemache.

DYSART, section of Marytown, Forfar-
shire.

EACHAIG, small river, traversing glen
of its own name, from Loch Eck to Holy
Loch, in Cowal, Argyleshire.

EAGERNESS, headland, with site of old

EAG

153

EAR

castle, on north-east side of Garlieston
Bay, Wigtonshire.

EAGLE. See Edzell.

EAGLESCARNIE, seat in Bolton parish,
Haddingtonshire.

EAGLESFIELD, village in Middlebie
parish, Dumfriesshire. It has a post
office, with money order department,
under Ecclefechan. Pop. 534.

EAGLESHAM, town and parish in south-
east of Benfrewshire. The town stands
9 miles south of Glasgow ; possessed some
importance in the time of Charles n. ; was
entirely rebuilt, on a neat regular plan,
subsequent to 1796 ; and lias a post office
under Glasgow, a banking office, a cotton
factory, Established, Free, United Presby-
terian, and Boman Catholic churches, and
a public school with about 106 scholars.
Pop. 888. — The parish is about 7 miles
long and 6 miles broad, and comprises
15,666 acres. Beal property in 1880-81,
£14,675. Pop. 1385. The surface lies at
elevations of more than 500 feet above sea-
level, has hills of from 1000 to 1200 feet of
altitude, and includes a considerable aggre-
gate of moor. Polnoon Lodge is a chief
residence ; and Polnoon Castle, the seat
of the ancestors of the Earl of Eglinton,
but now reduced to mere sub-basement,
is a chief antiquity.

EAGLESHAY, or EGILSHAY, island in
Bousay parish, Orkney. It lies about 10
miles north of Kirkwall ; measures 3f
miles in length and about 1 mile in
breadth ; presents a pleasant lowland
appearance ; was the scene of the murder
of St. Magnus ; contains a small ancient
Gothic church, said to be on the spot
where he was murdered ; and has a public
school. Pop. 165.

EAGLESHAY, or EGILSHAY, pastoral
island in east of St. Magnus Bay, Shet-
land.

EANAIG, affluent of the Oikell, on north
border of Boss-shire.

EA.RLCAIRNEY, large cairn on high sea-
bank in Dalmeny parish, Linlithgow-
shire.

EARL'S BURN, stream, running south-
south-eastward to the Carron, in west of
St. Ninian's parish, Stirlingshire.

EARL'S CROSS, ancient monument, com-
memorative of victory over Norsemen in
13th century, near Dornoch, Sutherland.

EARLSFERRY, decayed old royal burgh,
5 miles east-south-east of Largo, Fife. It
has an ancient town-hall and a public
school, the latter with about 88 scholars.
Pop. 286.

EARLSHALL, estate, with interesting
ancient mansion, in Leuchars parish,
Fife.

EARL'S HILL, lofty hill adjacent to
Earl's burn, in St. Ninian's parish,
Stirlingshire.

EARL'S HILL, eminence, anciently seat
of earldom of Buchan courts, in Ellon,
Aberdeenshire.

EARL'S SEAT, central summit of Lennox

Hills, 1894 feet high, 5 miles north-west of
Lennoxtown, Stirlingshire.

EARLSTON, town and parish on south-
west border of Berwickshire. The town
stands on Leader river, 6 miles south-
south-east of Lauder ; was an occasional
residence of King David I., and then bore
the name of Ercildoun ; passed to the
Earls of Dunbar, and then took the name
of Earlston ; possesses a fragment of the
abode and death-place of Thomas the
Bhymer ; consists chiefly of one long street
at right angles with the Leader ; and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Berwickshire,
a railway station, a banking office, two
good inns, a town hall founded in 1872, an
Established church, a United Presbyterian
church of 1881, another U.P. church, and
a large new public school ; and carries on
manufacture of woollens and famous
ginghams. Pop. 1010. — The parish con-
tains also the hamlets of Bedpath and
Fans. Its length is 7£ miles ; its greatest
breadth 4 miles ; its ai*ea 9968 acres. Beal
property in 1880-81, £14,432. Pop. 1767.
The surface is partly hilly and partly
comparatively flat. The chief hill rises to
a height of 1031 feet, and has traces of a
Boman camp. The principal residences
are Carolside, Cowdenknowes, Park, Kirk-
lands, and Mellerstain, the last a seat of
the Earl of Haddington.

EARLSTON, seat of Sir William Gordon,
Bart., on west side of Kirkcudbright Bay,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

EARLSTON, ruined old castle, rivulet,
and cascade on the Ken, in Dairy parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

EARLY VALE, place at mouth of burn,
with fine waterfall, and adjacent to narrow
rocky gorge, on upper part of Eddlestone
river, Peeblesshire.

EARN, lake and river, giving name to
Strathearn district, Perthshire. The lake
lies in head of the strath ; extends 7 miles
eastward, with width of from 1 to 1£ mile ;
has a surface elevation of 303 feet above
sea-level, and in some parts a depth of
about 600 feet ; has wooded shores of
various contour, and average breadth of
about \ mile ; is overhung by mountain
summits from 1889 to 2225 feet high,
mostly within If mile of its margin, and
by still higher ones within 4£ miles ; and
exhibits scenery of much beauty and
grandeur, but without corresponding diver-
sity or force. The river runs from the
lake eastward to the Tay at 6 miles south-
east of Perth ; has a length of only 27
miles measured in straight line, but is so
sinuous as to have a length of probably
about 70 miles measured along its bed ;
and is famous for the brilliance and variety
of its scenery down to Crieff, and for
exquisite beauty thence to the Tay.

EARN, rivulet, running about 7 miles
north-eastward to the White Cart, at 2
miles north of Eaglesham, Benfrew-
shire.

EAR

154

EAS

EARN (BRIDGE OF). See Bridge of
Earn.

EARNOCK, seat in Hamilton parish,
Lanarkshire.

EARNSIDE, ancient forest, now extinct,
on south side of head of Firth of Tay,
about 4 miles downward from mouth of
river Earn, Perthshire and Fife.

EASDALE, island and village, 12 miles
south-west-by-south of Oban, Argyleshire.
The island lies so near Seil as to be sepa-
rated by only a good natural harbour ; has
an area of only about 1 square mile, and
lies so low as to require protection from
the billows by embankings of debris, but
is all a quarry of prime roofing-slates ;
produces about five millions of them a
year; and has, at one part, been worked
down to 120 feet below sea-level. — The
village, in one sense, stands all on the
island,— in another sense, includes a vil-
lage on Seil ; conducts much business in
export of slates, and by regular calls of
the steamers between the Clyde and the
north ; and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Oban, and a public school with about 80
scholars. Pop. of the part on Easdale
Island, 452.

EASNAMBROC, fall of about 30 feet on
River Glass, about a mile above Fasnacoil,
Inverness-shire.

EASSIE, parish on west border of For-
farshire. It has a railway station of its
own name, 8 miles west-south-west of
Forfar ; and its post town is Glammis, 1^
mile east of its eastern border. Its length
is 4| miles ; its greatest breadth 2| miles ;
its area 5053 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £8923. Pop. 561. The western
section is part of Strathmore ; and the
eastern one is part of the slopes of the
Sidlaw Hills. Eassie burn comes in from
Auchterhouse, and runs altogether 6
miles windingly to the Dean ; and that
river goes sluggishly along the northern
boundary. The church is a handsome
modern edifice ; and the public school
includes a new class-room, and has accom-
modation for 126 scholars.

EAST ABERDEEN, quoad sacra parish
in Aberdeen. Pop. 4207.

EAST BALRYMONTH, hill in St. An-
drews parish, Fife.

EASTBANK, seat in Erskine parish,
Renfrewshire.

EAST BARNS. See Barns (East).

EAST CALDER. See Calder (East).

EAST COALTOWN, village in Wemyss
parish, Fife.

EASTEND, seat in Carmichael parish,
Lanarkshire.

EASTER ANSTRUTHER. See An-

STRUTHER.

EASTER BRAKY, estate in Kinnell
parish, Forfarshire.

EASTER BUCKIE. See Buckie.

EASTER CLUNE, place, with ruined
ancient fortalice and site of ancient
chapel, in Birse parish, Aberdeenshire.

EASTER DOWN, one of the Ochil Hills,
green to the summit, in Fossaway parish,
Perthshire.

EASTER ELCHIES, seat, once occupied
by the distinguished judge Lord Elchies,
in Knockando parish, Elginshire.

EASTERFIELD, place in Inverkeithny
parish, Banffshire. It has a public school
with about 60 scholars.

EASTER GALLATON. See Gallaton.

EASTER HALL, seat on the Clyde, in
eastern outskirts of Glasgow.

EASTER HOUSE, place, with railway
station, 4 miles south-east of Glasgow.

EASTER HOUSE, quondam seat of the
Duke of Argyle's ancestors, in Roseneath
parish, Dumbartonshire.

EASTER LENZIE, parish, constituted in
1649, and now called Cumbernauld, in
D umbartonshire.

EASTER OGLE, seat in Tannadice
parish, Forfarshire.

EASTER ROSS. See Ross.

EASTER ROSSLAND, hamlet in Erskine
parish, Renfrewshire.

EASTER SKENE, seat in Skene parish,
Aberdeenshire.

EASTERTOWN, hill in Fyvie parish,
Aberdeenshire.

EASTERTYRE, seat on the Tay, between
Logierait and "Weein, Perthshire.

EASTFIELD, village near Rutherglen,
Lanarkshire. An Established iron church
was erected at it in 1879. Pop. 780.

EAST FORTUNE, railway station, 3
miles east of Drem, Haddingtonshire.

EAST GRANGE, railway station, 6 miles
west of Dunfermline.

EAST HAVEN, fishing-village, with rail-
way station, 5 miles south-west of Arbroath,
Forfarshire.

EAST HEAD, headland near Portsoy,
Banffshire.

EAST HELMSDALE, suburb of Helms-
dale, 17 miles north-east of Golspie,
Sutherland. It has a public school with
about 164 scholars. Pop. 53.

EASTHOUSES, village in Newbattle
parish, Edinburghshire. Pop. 415.

EAST KILBRIDE. See Kilbride
(East).

EAST KILPATRICK. See Kilpatrick
(New).

EAST LINTON. See Linton (East).
EAST LOTHIAN. See Haddington-
shire.

EASTMAINS, scene of alleged ancient
great battle in Dunnichen parish, Forfar-
shire.

EAST MONKLAND. See Monkland
(New).

EAST MORRISTON. See Marystown.

EASTMUIR, village in Shettleston
parish, Lanarkshire. It has a public
school with about 227 scholars.

EAST MUIRHOUSE, estate in Eaglesham
parish, Renfrewshire.

EAST NEUK O' FIFE, tract around Fife-
ness, at eastern extremity of Fife.

EAST NEWPORT, village, with railway

EAS

155

ECK

station between West Newport and Tay-
port, on north coast of Fife.

EAST OF FIFE RAILWAY, railway, con-
tinuous with the Leven line, eastward from
Leven to Anstruther, on south coast of
Fife.

EAST or NEW GREENOCK. See Green-
ock.

EAST PERTH. See Perth.
EAST PORT, eastern part of Kirkcaldy,
Fife.

EAST SALTON, village in Salton parish,
Haddingtonshire.

EASTSIDE, or STEINSCHOLL, section of
Kilmuir parish, Isle of Skye.

EASTSIDEWOOD, tract, with mineral
field, in Carnwath parish, Lanarkshire.

EAST STRATHAVEN. See Strath-

AVEN.

EAST THIRD, section of Smailholm
village, Roxburghshire.

EAST WATER, upper reach of North
Esk river, running about 22 miles east-
south-east and south-south-eastward to
confluence with West Water, at 4 miles
north - north - east of Brechin, Forfar-
shire.

EAST WEMYSS, coast village, contain-
ing Wemyss parochial church, and a post
office under Dysart, 3 miles south-west
of Leven, Fife. Pop. 855.

EASTWOOD, parish, containing Pollock-
shaws and Thornliebank towns and Shaw-
lands village, on border of Renfrewshire,
near south - west side of Glasgow. Its
length is nearly 4 miles ; its greatest
breadth 3f miles ; its area 5596 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £61,499. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 13,915 ; quoad sacra, 7368.
The surface lies at an elevation of from
about 30 to about 300 feet above sea level ;
is an assemblage of flats, vales, and many
swells and small hills, with intersections of
the White Cart and other streams ; and
presents, in the aggregate, a very beautiful
appearance. Sandstone, limestone, iron-
stone, and coal are worked. Pollock
House, a seat of Sir John M. Maxwell,
Bart., is a prominent mansion. Two Estab-
lished churches, 2 Free churches, a United
Presbyterian church, a United Original
Secession church, and a Roman Catholic
church are in Pollockshaws, an Established
church is in Shawlands, and a United
Presbyterian church is in Thornliebank.
Nine schools for 2191 scholars are in the
parish, and an enlargement for 448 is new.

EASTWOOD, seat near Dunkeld, Perth-
shire.

EAST YELL, hamlet on Yell Island,
Shetland. It has a post office under
Lerwick.

EATHACH, extensive tract, alternately
lake and meadow, on Gauir river, on north-
west border of Perthshire.

EBRIE, small affluent of the Ythan,
Aberdeenshire.

EBUDJE. See Hebrides.

ECCLEFECHAN, village, 6 miles south-
east-by-south of Lockerby, Dumfriesshire.

It stands on a large burn, bridged through-
out the village in 1876 ; was the birthplace
of Thomas Carlyle ; and has a head post
office with all departments, a railway
station, a banking office, an inn, a Free
church, a United Presbyterian church, and
a large public school. Pop. 768.

ECCLES, village and parish on south
border of Berwickshire. The village stands
5 miles west-by-north of Coldstream, and
has a post office under Coldstream, a
parochial church, a Free church, a pub-
lic school with about 112 scholars, and
remains of an ancient nunnery. The
parish contains also the villages of Leitholm
and Birgham. Its length and greatest
breadth are each about 5^ miles ; and its
area is 12,418 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £27,356. Pop. 1546. The sur-
face, with exception of some slight ridges,
is all level, and very fertile. The seats
are Eccles House, Anton's Hill, Kames,
Belch ester, Bughtrig, Mersington, Spring-
hill, Stoneridge, and Purves Hall ; and the
chief antiquity is a curious sculptured
sandstone monument. A United Presby-
terian church is at Leitholm, and 3 schools
with accommodation for 318 scholars are
in the parish.

ECCLESIAMAGIRDLE, section of Dron
parish, surrounded by Dunbarney, in
Perthshire.

ECCLESMACHAN, parish, with church
hamlet, 2i miles west - south - west of
Winchburgh, Linlithgowshire. Its post
town is Linlithgow. It is intersected to
the extent of about a mile by a wing of
Linlithgow parish ; and it measures 5
miles from end to end, If mile in extreme
breadth, and 2647 acres in area. Real
property in 1880-81, £3690. Pop. 278.
Each of the two sections consists of a
sloping hill-ridge. The public school has
about 85 scholars.

ECHOBANK, village, 2 miles south-
south-east of centre of Edinburgh. Pop.
372.

ECHT, parish, averagely 12 miles west of
Aberdeen. It has a post office of its own
name under Aberdeen. Its length and
breadth are each about 4^ miles, and its
area is 11,948 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £7486. Pop. 1297. The broad-
based lofty hill of Fare is partly on the
south-western border ; and the conical,
wooded, and pretty high hill of Barmekin
is in the north-west corner. The rest of
the surface also is hilly, but nowhere high,
and is arable even to the summits of many
of its hills. The chief residence is Dun-
echt ; and the chief antiquities are a
Danish camp, a large Pictish work, several
cairns, and remains of three ancient Cale-
donian stone circles. The churches are
Established and Free ; and the public
schools are 2, with about 124 scholars.

ECK, lake, terminating 4 miles north of
head of Holy Loch, in Cowal, Argyleshire.
It extends 7^ miles from north to south ;
has a nearly uniform width of about ^ mile;

ECK

156

EDE

and lies in a fine glen flanked by lofty-
heights.

ECKFORD, village and parish in north-
east of Teviotdale, Roxburghshire. The
village stands on the Teviot, 6 miles south-
by-west of Kelso ; suffered severely in the
Border warfare ; and contains the parochial
church with about 300 sittings, and a pub-
lic school with about 64 scholars. — The
parish contains also the small villages of
Eckfordmoss, Cessford, and Caverton ; and
its post town is Kelso. Its length is 6-£
miles ; its greatest breadth 4£ miles ; its
area 9997 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£14,298, Pop. 912. The surface is
mostly undulating, but rises gradually to-
wards the south, and includes there con-
siderable eminences with extensive views.
The seats are Kirkbank and Mainhouse ;
and the antiquities are Cessford Castle
and sites of several peel towers. There
are 2 schools with accommodation for 199
scholars.

ECKFORDMOSS, small village in Eck-
ford parish, Roxburghshire.

EDAY, island and parish near middle of
North Isles, Orkney. The island is 1\
miles long from north to south, and from
\ mile to 3 miles broad ; consists chiefly of
moderately high hills ; contains so much
turbary as to supply most of Northern
Orkney with peat fuel ; and has a post
office under Kirkwall, a small inn, 2 good
harbours, an Established church, a United
Presbyterian church, a Baptist chapel of
1882, and 2 public schools with jointly
about 126 scholars. Pop. 730. The parish
contains also the islets of Red Holm,
Pharay Holm, Calf of Eday, and two
others ; but is united to Stronsay.

EDDERACHYLLIS, parish, containing
the post office village of Scourie, on west
coast of Sutherland. Its length is 28
miles ; its greatest breadth, exclusive of
islands, Y[\ miles. Real property in 1880-
81, £5075. Pop., quoad ciyilia, 1525;
quoad sacra, 580. The islands are
numerous, but only Handa is of any note.
Kyle-Skou projects all its great length
on the southern boundary ; Lochs Laxford
and Inchard project so far into the interior
as to cut it into three sections ; and Loch
Badcall and some smaller sea-inlets form
good natural harbours. The interior is
the most rugged tract in Scotland ; exhibits
crags, ravines, precipitous hills, wild glens,
alpine peaks, winding lakes, and impetu-
ous streams in bewildering commixture ;
and, excepting a remarkably small aggre-
gate of arable land, is all deer forest,
sheep-walk, or irreclaimable waste. The
antiquities are remains of an ancient Cale-
donian stone circle, and two Scandinavian
forts. The churches are 2 Established and
2 Free. There are 3 schools for 194
scholars, and 1 of them and an enlarge-
ment for 82 are new.

EDDERTOUN, parish, with church 5£
miles west - by - north of Tain, on north
border of Ross. It has a post office desig-

nated of Ross-shire, and a railway station.
Its length is 10 miles ; its breadth 8.
Real property in 1880-81, £4662. Pop. 789.
The north border lies along Dornoch
Firth, and has mostly a sandy shore. The
interior consists of hill-ranges, with inter-
vening hollows ; and has summits from
about 600 to upwards of 1000 feet high,
commanding extensive views. Two sculp-
tured Scandinavian monuments stand near
the old church, and numerous dilapidated
Scandinavian dunes are on the hills. The
churches are Established and Free ; and
the schools are 2 with accommodation for
150 scholars.

EDDLESTONE, small river, village, and
parish in Peeblesshire. The river runs 12
miles southward to the Tweed at Peebles.
The village stands on the river, 4 miles
north of Peebles, dates from ancient times,
but was reconstructed in last century, and
has a post office designated of Peeblesshire,
a railway station, a handsome church of 1829,
and a public school with about 83 scholars.
The parish is 10 miles long and 5£ miles
broad, and comprises 18,490 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £10,320. Pop. 711.
The surface is chiefly a fine vale, flanked
by verdant or wooded hills, and bordered
by high uplands. The chief residences are
Darn Hall, Portmore, and Cringletie, — the
first a seat of Lord Elibank.

EDDRACHILLIS. See Edderachyllis.

EDEN, river, running about 24 miles
east-north-eastward to St. Andrews Bay,
in Fife. Most of its basin is rich low
valley ; and its terminal reach, about 2|
miles long, is estuary, mostly bare at low
water.

EDEN, small river, running about 17
miles, first southward, then eastward, to
the Tweed, at Z\ miles north-east of
Kelso, Roxburghshire.

EDEN, seat, and ruined ancient fortalice,
in King Edward parish, Aberdeenshire.

EDENDON, affluent of the Garry, near
Dalnacardoch, in Athole, Perthshire.

EDENHAM. See Ednam.

EDENKILLIE, parish, with church 8f
miles south of Forres, on west border of
Elginshire. It contains the post office of
Duniphail designated of Morayshire. Its
length is 13 miles ; its greatest breadth 7
miles. Real property in 1880-81, £5980.
Pop. 1175. The surface lies along right
bank of the Findhorn ; rises gradually from
plain on the north to Knock of Moray in the
extreme south ; is often, with reference to
its gradual ascent, called Brae-Moray ; and
contains a large aggregate of picturesque
scenery. The seats are Duniphail, Relugas,
Logie, and a shooting lodge of the Earl of
Moray ; and the chief antiquities are the
ruins of Duniphail and Lochindorb castles,
and vestiges of a very ancient fort. The
churches are Established and Free. There
are 4 schools for 425 scholars, and 1 of
them and an enlargement for 150 are
new.

EDENSHEAD, or GATESIDE, village,

EDE

157

EDI

with United Presbyterian church, in
Strathmiglo parish, Fife.

EDENSTON, village on south border of
Collessie parish, Fife.

EDENWOOD, seat in Ceres parish, Fife.

EDERDOUN. See Eddertoun.

EDERHAM. See Edeom.

EDERLEN, lake in Glassary parish, Ar-
gyleshire.

EDGEBUCKLIN, brae on east side of
Inveresk parish, Edinburghshire.

EDGERSTON, seat and quoad sacra
parish 7^ miles south-south-east of Jed-
burgh, Roxburghshire. The parish has
a church with 200 sittings, and a public
school with about 66 scholars. Pop. 358.

EDINAMPLE, ancient castellated man-
sion in mouth of Glenample, 1£ mile south-
east of Lochearnhead, Perthshire.

EDINBANE, village, with post office
under Portree, in Isle of Skye. Pop. 277.

EDINBELLY, estate, with remains of
old mansion, in Balfron parish, Stirling-
shire.

EDINBURGH, metropolis of Scotland.
Its centre at General Post Office, reckoned
as the ' crow flies,' is 2\ miles south-south-
east of Granton harbour, 33 south-west of
Fifeness, 68 north of head of Solway Firth,
115 north-east of Mull of Galloway, 129
south-east of Ardnamu^chan Point, 190
south of John o' Groat's House, and 337
north -north-west of London. Its initial
spot is the Castle Rock, about 5 furlongs
west-south-west of General Post Office.
That rock has an altitude of 445 feet
above sea-level, measures about 700 yards
in circumference, is an erupted rugged
mass of greenstone, and presents to the
north, the west, and the south a bare
face mostly precipitous and partly mural.
A wedge-shaped hill, wanting the upper
edges and averagely about -J- mile broad,
commences in the rock, extends about a
mile eastward, makes a gradual descent
from end to end, and is flanked on north
side by a vale, on south side by a ravine.
A belt of plain strikes eastward from the
hill's foot, and is grandly overhung on
south side by Salisbury Crag and Arthur's
Seat. A diversified plateau, with very
gentle southern slope, lies beyond the
ravine on south side of wedge-shaped
hill, has elevations of from 150 to ISO
feet above sea-level, and is overlooked in
the south-west by Blackford and Braid
Hills. A similar plateau, but more in
the form of a broad-based ridge, lies
beyond the vale, on north side of wedge-
shaped hill, extends westward to winding
ravine of Water of Leith, measures about
a mile in length and £ mile in breadth, and
terminates at its east end in a considerable
eminence. Calton Hill commences im-
mediately east of that eminence, is two-
thirds engirt by narrow ravine, measures
about 5 furlongs by 3, rises to a height of
344 feet above sea-level, and subsides on
the east into wide inclined plane extend-
ing to the Forth. The entire site of the

city and its immediate environs presents
such an assemblage of heights, hollows,
acclivities, and ravines, with manifold
diversity of feature, as must have made it
richly picturesque in its merely natural
condition, and as now gives striking effect
to the romantic, beautiful, and diversified
arrays of the city's architecture. Views
of the exterior, from thousands of points,
near and far, all round, are exquisitely
fine ; and views in the interior, especially
from the Castle and Calton Hill, and
even from innumerable points on the
streets, include very grand urban display,
and combine it with riant rural scenery
away to distant sea and mountain.

The ancient Caledonians could scarcely
fail to regard the Castle Rock as a strong
defensive position, and they are supposed
to have erected on it a series of rude forts.
Edwin, king of Saxon Northumbria, in
626, either seized the last of these or
otherwise took possession of the site, and
erected on it a strong castle. This he
called Edwinsburg ; and it gave origin or
name to the town, and for a long time
ruled its fortunes. The town continued
to be Saxon till about 1020, and then
passed to the king of Scotland. Malcolm
Canmore fortified it, David I. constituted
it a royal burgh, and both they and a
number of their successors made it their
occasional residence. Both town and
castle, especially the latter, suffered great
mutations during the wars of the Succes-
sion ; but they soon afterwards attained
such prosperity as to be the largest town
and the strongest fortress then in Scotland;
and, notwithstanding some reverses, they
continued, till the national union with
England, to be the seat of royal admini-
stration and the meeting-place of parlia-
ments. Chief events which disturbed it,
in the interval till the Union, were a
devastation by the English in 1385, the
recoil after the battle of Flodden, the
contention of parties during the minority
of James v., and the turmoil and civil
war in the time of Queen Mary ; and the
chief events afterwards were depression of
trade consequent on the Union, the tumult
called the Porteous Mob in 1736, the pre-
sence of the rebel army in 1745, the visit
of George iv. in 1822, and visits of Queen
Victoria in 1842 and subsequent years.

The nucleus of the town was a small
village, on ground now within the espla-
nade in front of east side of the present
castle, on a level, ascertained in 1850 to
be more than 20 feet below the present
surface. The village grew sufficiently to
be of some note about the middle of 9th
century ; and it possessed then, or earlier,
some defensive fortifications. The town
extended slowly thence, down the back
and sides of the wedge-shaped hill, about
3^ furlongs to Netherbow ; it afterwards,
from about middle of 12th century till
about middle of 16th, acquired the suburbs
of Canongate, Pleasance, Cowgate, Potter-

EDI

158

EDI

row, Bristo, and "Westport ; it was forti-
fied in 1450 by a wall round its main
body, and in 1513 by a second wall round
its southern suburbs ; it grew, within the
first wall, by ascent into the air, or by
substitution of loftier and still loftier
houses for less lofty ones, till it became
a proverb for tenements of from four or
five to ten or twelve storeys high ; and, in
the latter part of last century, it suddenly
broke beyond its old limits, and began
to undergo extensions and improvements
which have marvellously altered it in both
size and character. Opei-ations were done,
including erection of the North Bridge,
to create a new town on the northern
plateau ; measures were adopted to con-
struct genteel new quarters in the south ;
and great clearances were made to form a
main thoroughfare across the middle of
the wedge-shaped hill and over the southern
ravine, in line with the North Bridge.
The New Town progressed, from time to
time, till it became as large as all
the Old Town and suburbs ; the Calton
Hill began, in 1814, to be approached and
terraced by elegant new thoroughfares ;
the upper part of the southern ravine, in
1825 and following years, was crossed by
the new wide street of George IV. Bridge ;
the south limb of the Castle Rock, in the
same years, was terraced with a spacious
approach from the western low outskirts
to the site of the original Old Town ; and
eventually, after about 30 years of pause,
spirited plans were adopted, and soon
carried into execution, for great extensions
in the western and the southern outskirts,
and for cutting new airy thoroughfares
through the densest parts of the old
town.

The entire city now, exclusive of salient
suburbs, measures about 2 miles from east
to west, and about 2£ from north to south.
A main street, of different names and
different parts, occupies all the back of
the wedge-shaped hill, from the Castle
esplanade to foot of Canongate ; presents
picturesque blendings of old and new
architecture ; and is winged partly with
the new, airy, cross thoroughfares, but
mostly with densely-edificed narrow closes,
extending down the hill's slopes. Another
main street, commencing at North Bridge,
and bearing different names in different
parts, goes southward through all the Old
Town to the open country in the south-
east. A curious line of street, with the
squalid but once aristocratic Cowgate in
its middle, occupies all the southern ravine.
The most notable of the new ventilating
streets, Chambers Street, spacious and
imposing, but short, runs parallel to the
western half of Cowgate, and occasioned
the removal of much nuisance from the
old southern suburb. The section im-
mediately south of that is variously old
and modern, has undergone great improve-
ment, and is bordered on the south by the
Meadows, a fine public park f mile long.

The sections farther south, south-east,
and south-west are nearly all modern,
extend to great length and breadth, in-
clude the suburbs of Newington, Grange,
Morningside, Merchiston, and two others
progressing or contemplated in 1877,
and abound in beauties and ameni-
ties. The northern vale was formerly
occupied by a lake called North Loch ; was
crossed, near the middle, at the forming
of the New Town, by a slowly-accumulated,
broad, high, earthen mound, now serving
the purposes of a bridge ; and is now partly
occupied by the North British Railway
works, but mainly disposed in two large
ornate public gardens. The New Town,
though all compact, and covering the
whole of the northern plateau, consists, as
to date and form, of four sections. The
southern section was erected in 1767-1800,
extends westward from vicinity of North
Bridge, is a regular parallelogram of about
1300 by about 363 yards, and comprises
Princes Street and Queen Street along its
sides, George Street along its centre, two
large squares at its ends, and five streets at
right angles with Princes Street and Queen
Street. The northern section was erected
in 1803-22, is separated from the southern
section by a fine large range of gardens,
forms a parallelogram shorter and broader
than the other parallelogram, and has
curves in two of its streets and in the
squares at its ends. The eastern section
was erected partly at the same time as the
southern one, but chiefly in years till 1827,
extends to the eastern extremity of Calton
Hill, and has great diversity in both the
alignment and the structure of its
thoroughfares. The western section was
erected chiefly in three periods, from about
1822, 1850, and 1866, extends to the west
at the Water of Leith ravine, and com-
prises a rectangle of streets, a spacious
twelve-sided place, four double crescents,
and a number of terraces, single crescents,
and connecting streets. Stockbridge and
Dean suburbs, on opposite side of Water
of Leith, have much variety of at once
date, site, and form, but include portions
of similar character to that of the western
section.

The building material of most of the
city is a hard, silicious, fine-grained sand-
stone ; serves nearly as well as marble for
carving and sculpture ; retains for a long
time its freshness of aspect, and has, in
consequence, given powerful effect to both
beauty and durability of construction. The
architecture of the older parts of the Old
Town exhibits many styles, often in curious
juxtaposition ; includes many specimens
of the Scottish varieties prevalent in the
16th, 17th, and 18th centuries ; and has
numerous groups which, either in them-
selves, or by contiguity with others, or by
position on precipice or vantage-ground,
are strikingly romantic or picturesque.
The architecture of the new parts and
the new suburbs of the Old Town, and of

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the entire New Town, comprises much —
perhaps far too much — in the simple Italian
style, yet includes a great aggregate of all
the varieties of the Renaissance, — includes
also many specimens of all kinds of Gothic
and a few of Saxon and Norman; and it is
plainest in the parts erected before the
close of last century, and became progres-
sively richer in both variety and elegance
in the progress of the city's extension.

Holyrood challenges prime attention, but
will be separately noticed.— The Castle,
except for about 100 yards on the east,
crowns the verge of the entire circuit of
its lofty precipitous rock ; presents to the
space on the east a palisaded barrier,
with deep dry fosse ; comprises buildings
of widely different periods and remarkably
different structure ; possesses a great fund
of historical and antiquarian associations ;
lost much or nearly all its military value
in result of the inventions of modern
artillery ; and continues to be useful
chiefly for the purpose of a large garrison ;
but, together with the cliffs, fissures, and
saliences of the rock which it surmounts,
is such a picturesque acropolis as very few
places in the world can boast. The access
to it goes through the barrier, across a
drawbridge, through a gateway flanked by
batteries, up a causeway between rock
and wall, and through a long vaulted
archway with traces of ancient portcullises
and gates. The further ascent passes a
northward battery, a spacious armoury, a
high bastion, the governor's house, and a
westward lofty factory-like suite of bar-
racks, and turns upward to the left,
through a gateway, into the citadel. This
contains the King's Bastion, with Mons
Meg and a most magnificent view-point on
the north-west ; St. Margaret's chapel,
the oldest extant building in Edinburgh,
on the north-east ; and the Half-Moon
battery, with 14 guns and electric time-
gun, on the east ; and is occupied by the
Palace Yard on the south. That yard is a
square of 100 feet each way, edificed on
all sides ; and includes a large embellished
barrack, the old parliament hall, the old
royal palace with James vi.'s birth-
chamber, and the Crown-room with the
ancient regalia of Scotland. The espla-
nade in front of the castle measures about
120 by 100, was formerly engirt by strong
military outworks, serves now as garrison
parade-ground and public promenade, con-
tains monuments of the Duke of York and
of soldiers who fell in the Indian Mutiny,
and commands extensive views of the city
and environs.

The Government offices and Court of
Session halls, in Parliament Square, have
a uniform facade of 1S08, with arcade
piazza, gallery, Doric portico, balustrade,
and surmounting sphinxes. Parliament
House, behind that facade, was erected in
1632-40, at a cost of £11,600; was the
meeting- place of the Scottish parliaments
from 1639 till 1707 : and retains its great

hall, measuring 122 feet by 49, and con-
taining statues of seven distinguished law
lords. The County Hall, near Parliament
Square, was erected in 1817 at a cost of
£15,000. The Sheriff Court Buildings, on
George IV. Bridge, were erected in 1865-68
at a cost of more than £44,000. The
Municipal Buildings, misnamed the Royal
Exchange, on north side of High Street,
were erected in 1753-61 at a cost of
£31,457 ; form a quadrangle with open
court 96 feet by 86 ; and have a rear front
100 feet high. The Police Office, opposite
the Municipal Buildings, was erected in
1849 and enlarged in 1875. The Register
House, at east end of Princes Street, was
founded in 1774 and completed in 1822 at
a cost of £80,000, and is a rectangular
structure of 200 feet by 120, with dome
over central circular saloon court. Two
supplemental buildings behind the Register
House serve for respectively registration
of births, deaths, and marriages, and con-
servation of important documents ; and
the former was erected in 1857-60 at a
cost of nearly £27,000 ; the latter, a cir-
cular structure 60 feet high, in 1871. The
General Post Office, opposite the Register
House, presents a front of 140 feet to
Princes Street, and a flank of 180 feet to
North Bridge, and was erected in 1861-66
at a cost of about £120,000. The Prisons,
eastward from the head of Waterloo Place,
occupy a shoulder of Calton Hill on crown
of a lofty cliff ; comprise three groups, the
western erected in 1815-17, the middle in
1791-96, the eastern in 1845-47 ; are all
in castellated style, with imposing appear-
ance ; and were designed in 1881 to be
extensively reconstructed.

The North Bridge, connecting High
Street with east end of Princes Street,
was erected in 1767-72 at a cost of about
£18,000 ; has open arches in a central
reach of 310 feet, but measures 1125 feet
in total length ; stands 68 feet high at the
open arches ; and was widened and other-
wise improved after 1873. Waverley
Bridge, spanning the vale at 270 yards
farther west, has connection with the
North British Railway terminus, was en-
tirely reconstructed in 1870-73, and com-
prises three spacious iron skew reaches of
310, 293, and 276 feet. The Mound, cross-
ing the vale at about 300 yards west of
"Waverley Bridge, was formed in years
from 1781 till 1830, by free deposits of
earth ; would have cost about £50,000 had
the deposits been paid for ; is fully 800
feet long, about 300 feet broad, and from
62 to 100 feet high ; and underwent im-
provement and ornamentation subsequent
to the erection on it of the Art Galleries.
Regent Bridge, forming part of Waterloo
Place, spans the ravine at west base of
Calton Hill ; has a single arch 50 feet
wide and about 50 feet high, with colon-
naded parapets ; and affords, from its
southern parapet, a curious view of much
of the Old Town. The South Bridge,

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crossing the southern ravine on line with
North Bridge, was erected in 1785-88 at
a cost of more than £50,000 for clearances
and about £15, 000 for con struction ; has only-
one open arch, but comprises 19 beneath
street architecture ; and overlooks, from
its parapet railings, the low squalid street-
line of Cowgate. George IV. Bridge,
crossing the same ravine about 3 furlongs
to the west, was erected in 1825-36 as
part of a city improvement, which cost
about £400,000 ; includes three groined open
arches over the Cowgate, seven concealed
arches, and a series of embankments ; and
forms a spacious street about 300 yards
long. Dean Bridge, crossing the Water of
Leith ravine at about 3 furlongs from west
end of Princes Street, was erected in 1832 ;
is 447 feet long, 39 wide, and 106 high;
has four arches, each 96 feet in span ; and
commands a rich view along the ravine
and away to Fife.

The Bank of Scotland, on northward
slope in line with George IV. Bridge, was
erected in 1806 at a cost of £75,000, and
enlarged and beautified in 1868-70 ; forms
a conspicuous feature in the romantic
north flank of the Old Town, as seen from
Princes Street ; and has a rear front, arch-
based, broad, and very lofty, with sur-
mounting dome crowned by an emblematic
statue. The Koyal Bank, on east side of
St. Andrew's Square, opposite the line of
George Street, was originally the town
mansion of Sir Lawrence Dundas, ancestor
of the Earl of Zetland ; and stands at the
head of an enclosed recess, containing an
equestrian monument of the martial Earl
of Hopetoun. The British Linen Com-
pany's Bank, immediately south of that
recess, was mainly built in 1851-52 at a
cost of £30,000 ; and has a front with six
fluted Corinthian columns, surmounted by
emblematic statues. The National Bank,
between the British Linen Company's and
West Register Street, is plain, and was
enlarged rearward in 1868. The Com-
mercial Bank, in the section of George
Street adjacent to St. Andrew's Square,
was erected in 1847, and has a rich hexa-
style Corinthian portico with beautiful
group of tympanum sculpture, represented
on the bank's notes. The Clydesdale
Bank, at corner of George Street and
Hanover Street, was erected in 1842 for
the Edinburgh and Glasgow Bank, now
extinct, and is in ornate Italian style.
The Union Bank, in George Street to the
east of Frederick Street, was erected
in 1874-78, and has a rich Italian frontage
of more than 100 feet. The Merchant
Hall, in South Hanover Street, was built
in 1867 for the City of Glasgow Bank, has
a florid Italian front, and became the
Merchant Hall in 1879. The Corn Ex-
change, in Grassmarket, was erected in
1849 at a cost of nearly £20,000, includes
an arcade 152 feet long, and is occasionally
used for public demonstrations. The
Green Market, at corner of Princes Street |

and Waverley Bridge, was formed in 1869,
greatly improved prior to 1877, and further
improved at later date ; stands on a lofty
arched basement so strong that a City Hall
to cost about £250,000 was at one time
proposed to be erected on it ; has a terraced
garden roof, well-lights, and gallery ; and
includes a spacious area, often used for
public demonstrations, promenade concerts,
and great shows.

The North British Railway terminus,
behind the Green Market and eastward
under North Bridge, was extensively re-
constructed and enlarged in 1869-73 ; has
spacious platforms, north and south, 920
and 975 feet long, with lofty glazed ridge-
and-valley roofs ; possesses a booking hall
97 feet long and 40 feet wide, together
with waiting rooms, dining room, and
buffet ; and serves for the entire North
British system to all points of the compass.
The Caledonian Railway station, adjacent
to the west end of Princes Street, was
erected in 1869 as merely a temporary
structure ; stands on part of an extensive
site, purchased and cleared at enormous
cost ; and is to be superseded by a splendid
durable structure, with adjoining great
hotel. A South-side Suburban Railway
was authorized on behalf of the North
British Company in 1865, but failed to be
formed chiefly for financial reasons ; was
re-projected by an independent company
near the end of 1879, to be formed on a
share capital of £225,000 ; and is to be
about 6^ miles long, and to curve round
from Haymarket station into junction with
the main line near Portobello. The street
tramway system was commenced in 1871 ;
includes a circular route of about 5 miles
from General Post Office by way of North
Bridge, Newington, Grange, Morningside,
Lothian Road, and Princes Street back to
the starting-point ; has lines to Coltbridge,
Leith, Newhaven, and Portobello ; and
was proposed in 1881 to have further ex-
tension.

The Prince Consort's Monument, in
centre of Charlotte Square, was produced
slowly at a cost of about £16,500, and in-
augurated in 1876 by the Queen ; is a
quasi - pyramidal structure about 32 feet
high ; has four groups of statues on blocks
at the corners of the basement, and em-
blematic bas - reliefs in panels of the
pedestal ; and is surmounted by a colossal
equestrian statue of the Prince. The first
Lord Melville's Monument, in centre of
St. Andrew's Square, was erected in 1821
at a cost of £8000, and consists of pede-
stal, pillar, and statue, altogether 150
feet high. The second Lord Melville's
Monument, in centre of Melville Street,
consists of only pedestal and statue.
George iv.'s, Pitt's, and Chalmers'
Monuments, at crossings in George Street,
and Simpson's, Ramsay's, Wilson's, Black's,
and Livingstone's Monuments, in Princes
Street, are all pedestalled statues, most of
them quite recently erected. Sir Walter

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Scott's Monument, on the esplanade of East
Princes Street Gardens, was erected in
1840-44, at a cost of £15,650 ; is a crucial
Gothic spire, rising from basement-arches
to a height of 200 feet ; is adorned with
much sculpture, and with numerous
statuettes ; and contains a marble sitting
statue of Sir Walter, obtained at a
separate cost of £2000. The Duke of
Wellington's Monument, in front of the
Register House, was erected in 1852 at a
cost of £10,000, and consists of a syenite
pedestal and an equestrian statue re-
spectively 13 and 14 feet high. Nelson's
Monument, crowning a cliff on south
shoulder of Calton Hill, was erected in
1815 ; comprises an octagonal house-
basement and a circular five-storeyed tower ;
has a total height of 102 feet ; and is sur-
mounted by a time - ball. The National
Monument, in north-eastern vicinity of
Nelson's, was founded in 1822, and
designed to be similar to the Parthenon at
Athens, at a cost of £50,000 ; but was
erected to only a small extent, at a cost of
about £16,000, and presents the appear-
ance of a picturesque ruin. Playf air's and
Dugald Stewart's Monuments, also on
Calton Hill, are respectively a solid Doric
square and a canopied Corinthian cyclo-
style. Burns' Monument, on brink of
Regent Road Terrace, overlooking Canon-
gate, was erected in 1830 ; comprises a
twelve-columned Corinthian cyclostyle,
with ornate cupola ; and contains a bust
and many interesting relics of Burns.

The University, with front to South
Bridge and flanks to Chambers and South
College Streets, was erected in successive
portions from 1789 till 1834 ; forms a court-
enclosed parallelogram,. 358 feet long and
255 feet broad ; has exterior elevations in
Grseco-Italian stjde, and interior ones in
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Venetian
styles ; is pierced in its front with three
lofty arches, and adorned there with six
lofty Doric monoliths ; contains a rich
library hall of 198 feet by 50 ; and has 39
professorships, and usually above 2000
students. The New University Buildings,
a brief distance south-west of the Univer-
sity, were founded in 1878, and estimated
to cost about £174,000; are in a style
intermediate between the Gothic and the
Palladian ; and comprise a common hall
and medical class-rooms. The Museum of
Science and Art, in Chambers Street, west-
ward from the University, was founded in
1861, and partly inaugurated in 1866 ; ad-
vanced by successive stages in subsequent
years ; is in the Venetian Renaissance style,
on a plan to measure more than 400 feet
in length, 200 feet in width, and 90 feet in
average height ; and contains, in great
apartments, vast collections of everything
instructive or curious in all departments
of invention and research. The School of
Arts, on opposite side of Chambers Street,
was erected in 1872-73, and contains a
spacious lecture-hall and large class-rooms.

The Phrenological Museum, adjoining the
School of Arts, was erected in 1876 at a
cost of nearly £5000. The Surgeons' Hall,
on east side of Nicolson Street, was erected
in 1833 at a cost of £20,000 ; has an ele-
gant Ionic portico ; and contains a rich
anatomical and pathological museum. The
Physicians' Hall, in Queen Street, was
erected in 1845, and has an Attic Corinth-
ian tetrastyle surmounted by three statues.
The Free Church College, at head of the
Mound, was erected in 1846-50 at a cost
of more than £30,000 ; is in the English
collegiate style ; and forms a court-enclosed
quadrangle 177 feet long and 165 broad.
The United Presbyterian College, on
Castle Terrace, was originally the Edin-
burgh Theatre, erected in 1875 ; is in
geometric quasi-Italian style ; was pur-
chased by the United Presbyterians in
1877 for £26,700, and altered at a further
cost of about £20,000 ; serves also for
synod meetings and general church busi-
ness ; and was opened in 1880.

The High School, on a terraced face of
Calton Hill, overlooking Canongate, was
erected in 1825-27 at a cost of more than
£30,000 ; stands behind a curved curtain-
wall 490 feet long ; includes a main build-
ing of centre and wings 270 feet long ; and
exhibits there striking features of Doric
portico and colonnaded corridors. The
Edinburgh Academy, in Henderson Row,
was erected in 1824 at a cost of £12,264,
and is a low, spacious Doric edifice. The
Ladies' College, near west end of Queen
Street, superseded the Merchant Maiden
Hospital in Lauriston ; was constructed in
1871 by purchase, alteration, and exten-
sion of previous buildings ; and provides a
low-priced high-class education for up-
wards of 1200 pupils. George Watson's
College for boys, on south side of Lauriston,
includes the quondam Merchant Maiden
Hospital, erected in 1816 at a cost of
£12,250 ; includes also a large extension
with ornamental front, erected in 1872-73 ;
and provides a low-priced wide-ranged
education for about 1100 pupils. George
Watson's College for girls, in George
Square, was much enlarged in 1876, has
a neat Italian front, and gives a similar
education to that in the Ladies' College.
Gillespie's School, at west end of Brunts-
field Links, was originally a great alms-
house, erected in 1801 ; is an oblong cas-
tellated Gothic structure ; and was con-
verted in 1870 into a primary school for
boys and girls. Stewart's College, about
350 yards west of Dean Bridge, was erected
in 1849-53 at a cost of about £30,000; is
a spacious edifice in mixed style of old
Scottish and late domestic Gothic ; served
till 1871 for maintaining and educating a
restricted number of poor children ; and
was then converted into a public school of
similar character to Watson's College for
boys.

The Church of Scotland Normal School,
in Johnstone Terrace, was erected in 1854

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at a cost of about £10,000, and was
designed in 1879 to be altered and
enlarged. The Church of Scotland Train-
ing College, on north side of Chambers
Street, was erected in 1879 ; has a stair-
case exactly over the spot where Sir
Walter Scott was born ; and affords all
appliances for the instruction of advanced
male students. The Free Church Train-
ing College, in Canongate, includes Moray
House, the interesting old town mansion
of the Earls of Moray ; and has, behind
that, an edifice erected in 1877 at a cost
of about £5400. The Episcopalian Train-
ing College, in Dairy suburb, includes
Dairy House, purchased, rearranged, and
enlarged in 1877 ; and has, behind that, a
new three-storey brick building. Leith
Walk Public School, a little east of middle
of Leith Walk, was erected in 1875-76 at
a cost of about £9000 ; is in the decorated
collegiate style; and has accommodation
for 845 scholars. Canonmills Public School,
a little north-west of Bellevue Crescent,was
erected in 1879-80 at a cost of less than
£7000 ; is in plain quasi- Gothic style ; and
has accommodation for about 800 scholars.
Fountainbridge, Canongate, and Dairy
Public Schools are of similar date and
capacity. The Heriot Juvenile Schools,
in eleven different localities, are all modern
and spacious, and mostly either neat or
ornamental. Several denominational
schools also are of similar character.

Fettes College, on a gentle rising ground
near Comely Bank suburb, was erected in
1865-70 at a cost of about £150,000; in-
cludescollege-proper,threeboarding-houses,
and other buildings ; is in ornate variety
of the collegiate pointed style ; makes an
imposing figure in an extensive landscape ;
and. serves partly for maintaining and edu-
cating a restricted number of orphan boys,
but more largely for educating non-founda-
tioners on the system of the great public
schools of England. Heriot's Hospital,
between Lauriston and Grassmarket, was
erected in 1628-50 at a cost of about
£30,000 ; underwent renovation and im-
provement in 1833 and other years ; forms
a quadrangle of 162 feet on each side, en-
closing a court of 94 feet each way ; is in
unique style, allied to the Gothic and the
Tudor ; maintains and educates 120 resident
boys and 96 non-resident ; promotes the
after-welfare of the boys, and supports
the Heriot juvenile schools ; and had, in
1879, an income of £24,006. Donaldson's
Hospital, about 600 yards west of Hay-
market, was erected in 1842-51 at a cost
of about £100,000, from a bequest of
about £200,000 ; forms a quadrangle of
258 by 207 feet, enclosing a court of 176
by 164 feet ; is in modified variety of
the Tudor style, with profusion of towers ;
figures conspicuously in views of many
miles to the west and the south ; and
maintains and educates between 200
and 300 poor boys and girls. John Wat-
son's Hospital, in Dean suburb, was

erected in 1825-28 ; is a large edifice with
Doric portico ; and maintains and educates
about 100 fatherless children of profes-
sional men. The Orphan Hospital, also
in Dean suburb, was erected in 1833 at a
cost of nearly £16,000; comprises large
centre, projecting wings, Tuscan portico,
and two arch-cut towers ; and maintains
and educates about 120 boys and
girls.

The Royal Institution, on north end of
the Mound, was erected in 1823-36 at a
cost of £40,000 ; is an oblong edifice in
pure Doric style, with massive porticoes
on the ends and uniform columniation
along the sides ; has a colossal sitting
statue of Queen Victoria behind the apex
of its north pediment, and large sphinxes
on its four angles ; makes an imposing
figure in the scenery of Princes Street ;
and contains the School of Design, a
Sculpture Gallery, the Antiquarian
Museum, and the chambers of the Royal
Society and of the Board of Trustees for
Manufactures in Scotland. The Art
Galleries, on the Mound immediately be-
hind the Royal Institution, were erected
in 1850-58 at a cost of nearly £40,000;
are a cruciform edifice, with broad, high
transept in the middle ; have Ionic porti-
coes on their north and south ends and on
each face of the transept ; comprise two
ranges of octagonal apartments, for re-
spectively the National Gallery of Art
and the Royal Scottish Academy, all
lighted by cupolas ; and are notable both
for a rich, permanent collection of works
of art accessible to the public, and for an
annual exhibition of the works of living
artists from February till May. The
Albert Institute, in Shandwick Place,
was projected in 1876, to stand on ground
purchased for £25,000, to contain a pic-
ture gallery and artists' studios, and to
form a ' fine art centre where pictures
may be exhibited all the year round.'

The Botanic Garden, on west side of
Inverleith Row, was formed in 1822-24,
in lieu of a previous garden on east side
of Leith Walk, and with safe removal
thence of all plants ; underwent enlarge-
ment about 1866, by inclusion of the con-
tiguous Experimental Gardens formed in
1824 ; has now an area of 27J acres ; was
designed in 1880 to acquire new class-
rooms with seats for 600 students; and
contains a museum, a magnetic observa-
tory, extensive hot-houses, a magnificent
palm-house, a Linnaean arrangement, a
Jussieuan arrangement, a large arboretum,
extensive terraced rockeries, an aquarium,
a rosary, and splendid parterres. The
Public Arboretum, contiguous to all the
Botanic Garden's west side, lies around
Inverleith House, and comprises about 30
acres ; originated in an agreement in 1877
that £18,408 should be paid for it by
the City Corporation, and about £16,000
by Government ; and began to be laid
out and planted near the end of 1879.

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East Princes Street Gardens, extending
from Waverley Bridge to the Mound,
were laid out in 1830, and re-formed in
1849-50; have, on the level of Princes
Street, an esplanade about 100 feet broad ;
descend thence, in graduated banks, to a
deep central belt traversed by the North
British B,ailway ; and comprise a remark-
able aggregate of promenade walks and
floral Ornamentation. West Princes Street
Gardens, extending westward from the
Mound, were formed in 1816-20, partly
over fetid, marshy bed of the North Loch ;
belonged to the public, became private
property, and were recovered for the
public in 1876 ; underwent much improve-
ment in subsequent years ; and, except
for including a verdant ascent to the
Castle ramparts, present a general re-
semblance to the East Princes Street
Gardens. The Meadows, in south part
of the Old Town, measure about 6 fur-
longs by 1J ; were anciently covered with
a shallow lake ; and are now a well-
drained and considerably embellished public
park. Queen Street Gardens, on north
border of north New Town, measure about
4 furlongs by half, serve as air-lungs,
and present much beauty, but are private
property. Dean Bridge Gardens, on north
bank of Water of Leith, below Dean
Bridge, were formed in 1877-80 on ground
purchased for about £5000, and make a
fine display of ornate walks and terraced
plots. The Winter Garden, near Hay-
market, was formed in 1870-71 ; has a
front 130 feet long, with spacious main
entrance stxrmounted by a dome ; and is
private property, but accessible to the
public.

The New Observatory, on crown of
Calton Hill, was erected in 1818 ; has the
form of a Greek cross, with a Doric por-
tico on each of its four fronts ; and. is
surmounted by a moveable dome 13 feet in
diameter. The Old Observatory, adjacent
to the new, was erected in 1776, and is a
plain structure, now used as an anemo-
meter. Short's Observatory, on Castle
Hill, was erected about 1850 ; contains
abundant appliances for popular scientific
observation ; and has a tower commanding
a panoramic view of the city and environs.
The Signet Library, adjoining north-west
side of Parliament House, was erected at
a cost of £25,000 ; has handsome Grecian
exterior, and richly ornate interior; was
used by George iv. for receptions at the
time of a banquet given to him in Par-
liament House ; and contains numerous
portraits, and about 60,000 volumes.
The Advocates' Library, behind the Signet
Library, comprises apartments beneath
Parliament House, and separate buildings
toward George IV. Bridge ; underwent
extensive interior improvement in 1870-71 ;
and contains numerous portraits, many
literary curiosities, about 2000 manu-
scripts, and upwards of 200,000 volumes.
The Antiquarian Museum, already men-

tioned as in the Royal Institution, contains
a very extensive collection of all sorts of
old or ancient British and foreign objects
interesting to the archaeologist and the
scholar. The Highland and Agricultural
Society's Chambers, on west side of George
iv. Bridge, were erected in 1839 ; are an
ornamental isolated edifice ; and formerly
contained a valuable agricultural museum,
now in the University.

The Assembly Booms, on south side cf
George Street between Hanover and
Frederick Streets, were erected in 1787,
and somewhat improved in 1871 ; are in
plain Italian style, with Doric portico on
piazza basement ; and contain a hall 92
feet long, 42 wide, and 40 high. The
Music Hall, behind the Assembly Rooms,
and approached through their entrance,
was erected in 1843 at a cost of more than
£10,000 ; measures interiorly 108 feet by 91 ;
and has a large organ and very extensive
orchestral accommodation. The Masonic
Hall, behind a house on the same side of
George Street farther west, was erected in
1858-59, and is much used for public enter-
tainments. The Theatre Royal, at head
of Broughton Street, succeeded two
theatres on the same site, destroyed by
fire in 1853 and 1865 ; was erected in 1866,
gutted by fire in January 1875, and re-
opened in January 1876 ; and is a spacious
but plain structure with Italian front.
The Royal Princess' Theatre, on east side
of Nicolson Street, was much improved in
1876, and has sittings for about 1800
persons. The Gaiety Music Hall, in
Chambers Street, was opened in 1875, and
has 1200 sittings. Newsome's Circus, on
west side of Nicolson Street, succeeded
the Queen's Theatre, destroyed by fire
in 1877. Cooke's Circus, in Grindlay
Street, was opened in 1877 ; is a struc-
ture partly of brick and partly of wood ;
and has sittings for upwards of 3000 per-
sons. The Calton Convening Rooms, on
north side of Waterloo Place, are much
used for public entertainments. The
Literary Institute, in South Clerk Street,
was erected in 1870 and improved in 1875,
and includes a large hall for lectures and
concerts. Queen Street Hall, in eastern
part of Queen Street, was erected in 1847
as the United Presbyterian Synod Hall ;
is now used for the Philosophical Institu-
tion's lectures, and for public meetings ;
and contains accommodation for 1100 per-
sons. The Royal Patent Gymnasium, on
depressed ground at the north-east verge
of northern New Town, was opened in
1865 ; covers an extensive area ; and con-
tains a great variety of appliances for re-
creation.

The Old Royal Infirmary, in a large area
behind South Bridge Street immediately
east of the University, comprised a massive
main edifice of 1738 and several other
extensive buildings, and was purchased by
the town council in 1881 to be converted
into a fever hospital. The New Royal

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164

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Infirmary, on south side of Lauriston Place
adjacent to the New University Buildings,
was founded in 1870 and opened in 1879 ;
cost about £380,000 ; is on the pavilion
system, and in the old Scottish baronial
style ; extends in long narrow ranges south-
wards to the Meadows ; occupies an area
of 11J acres, yet covers only 3| by the
aggregate of its buildings ; presents to
Lauriston Place an imposing main front
with the ends of four pavilions at the sides
and a massive three-storey steepled eleva-
tion in the centre ; is all so constructed as
to secure the freest possible circulation of
air around and within all its parts ; com-
prises eight pavilions and twenty-four
wards ; and contains beds for a daily
average of 600 patients. Chalmers' Hos-
pital, at south side of west end of Lauriston
Place, was erected in 1861-64 ; is a large
edifice in plain Italian style ; ministers to
the sick and hurt ; and in 1879 treated
202 in door and 1806 out-door patients.
The Maternity Hospital, at corner of
Lauriston Place and Lauriston Park, was
erected in 1877-78 at a cost of about £10,500 ;
is in modified domestic Gothic style ; and
contains eight delivery wards. The Royal
Edinburgh Lunatic Asylum, at south end
of Morningside, comprises a large neat
edifice of 1810, an extensive addition of
1850, and enlargements and improvements
of 1866 ; includes fine enclosed garden
grounds ; and has a daily average of about
740 patients, and an annual income of
about £43,500. The Asylum for Blind
Males, on east side of Nicolson Street,
comprises two houses originally private,
refitted in 1806 and 1822, and subsequently
improved. The Asylum for Blind Females,
in West Oraigmillar suburb to the south
of May field, was erected in 1874-77 at a
cost of about £13,000; is an edifice of
centre and wings in light French style ;
and has ornamental grounds of about 4
acres. The Institution for the Deaf and
Dumb, to the north-west of Henderson
Bow, sprang from an initial school of
1810 ; was erected by subscription ; and is a
neat, spacious, well-arranged edifice.

The Victoria or General Assembly Hall,
in a sharp angle at foot of Castle Hill and
Johnstone Terrace toward Lawnmarket,
was erected in 1842-44 at a cost of about
£16,000 ; is the meeting - place of the
General Assembly of the Church of Scot-
land ; is a large oblong edifice in decorated
Gothic style ; and has a beautiful steeple
241 feet high, figuring conspicuously in
most views of the city. St. Giles' Church,
blocking part of High Street from most of
Parliament Square, dates from 9th century,
but retains no portion of earlier date than
the 14th ; became a collegiate church in
1466, and a cathedral in 1633 ; underwent
division into assembly hall and three par-
ochial churches ; was originally cruciform,
but lost that shape by both additions and
curtailments ; measures now 206 feet in
length and from 76 to 129 feet in breadth ;

is surmounted by a unique crown-shaped
spire 161 feet high ; was shorn of most of
its old exterior architectural features by a
modernizing renovation effected in 1829-32
at a cost of about £10,000; underwent
tasteful interior renovation of its eastern
or High Church section in 1872-73 at a
cost of £4990 ; underwent renovation of
the transepts in 1879 at corresponding
cost ; was designed to undergo similar
renovation of its nave in or after 1881, at
a cost of about £10,500 ; and figures pro-
fusely in the history of the Scottish Re-
formation, and of the persecuting times of
the Stewarts. Tron Church, at corner of
High Street and South Bridge, was erected
in 1637-63 at a cost of about £6000 ; is in
the Scottish Renaissance style ; and under-
went improvements in 1828 and 1872.
Greyfriars Churches, Old and New, at
head of famous old cemetery near west
end of Chambers Street, were erected
in respectively 1612 and 1721, and have
both been burnt and renovated. Trinity
College Church, on south side of Jeffrey
Street, was erected in 1871-72 in lieu of
a celebrated church of 15th century on
ground now covered by North British
Railway station, and includes much re-
production of that church in both feature
and material. St. Cuthbert's Church,
between "West Princes Street Gardens and
Lothian Road, succeeded a large ancient
cruciform edifice on site of a Culdee cell ;
was erected in 1775, without a steeple, at
a cost of £4231 ; presented so very bald an
appearance that a steeple was afterwards
adjoined to it ; and is so capacious as to
contain about 3000 sittings. St. George's
Church, on west side of Charlotte Square,
was erected in 1811-14 at a cost of £33,000 ;
forms a square of 112 feet each way, with
lofty Ionic portico on east front ; and is
surmounted by successively a circular
Corinthian colonnade, a massive dome, a
lantern cupola, and a cross, the last at a
height of 160 feet from the ground. St.
Stephen's Church, at foot of St. Yincent
Street, was erected in 1826-28 at a cost of
£21,000, and is an octagonal edifice in
mixed Roman style, with balustraded
tower 165 feet high. St. Andrew's
Church, on north side of easternmost
section of George Street, was erected in
1785 and 1789, and is a plain oval edifice
with Corinthian portico and very fine
steeple. St. Mary's Church, in Bellevue
Crescent, was erected in 1824 at a cost of
£14,000, and has a handsome Corinthian
portico and a beautiful three-storey tower,
successively Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian,
crowned with cupola and small cyclostyle
lantern. 21 other Established churches
are within the city and suburbs.

The Free Church Assembly Hall, on
Castle Hill, opposite Victoria Hall, was
erected in 1858-59 at a cost of £7000 ; is
plain but spacious ; and occupies the site
of Mary of Guise's palace. St. John's
Free Church, in south-eastern vicinity of

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that hall, was erected in 1847, crowns a
steep acclivity in the rear, and is in a
mixed style of early Gothic. Barclay
Free Church, at north-west corner of
Bruntsfield Links, was erected in 1862-63
at a cost of more than £10,000, shows re-
markable combinations of Gothic archi-
tecture, has an elegant steeple 250 feet
high, and was interiorly renovated in
1880. Tron Free Church, on north side of
Chambers Street, was erected in 1876-77
at a cost of £8000, and is in free variety of
the Byzantine style. St. George's Free
Church, at corner of Maitland and Stafford
Streets, was erected in 1867-69 at a cost
of £13,600 for the site, and £17,400 for
the building ; is in the Palladian style,
originally without tower or steeple ; and
acquired in 1881-82 a tower 185
feet high in style of Italian campanile.
Pilrig Free Church, at corner of Leith
"Walk and Pilrig Street, was erected in
1861-62, is in the early decorated Gothic
style, and has a double transept and a
steeple. St. Mary's Free Church, at corner
of Broughton and Albany Streets, was
erected in 1859-61 at a cost of £13,000, is
in a mixed style of decorated Gothic and
Tudor, and has a richly - carved lofty
steeple. 34 other Free churches are
within the city and suburbs. — Broughton
Place United Presbyterian Church, look-
ing westward along Broughton Place
thoroughfare, was' erected in 1821 at a
cost of £7095 ; underwent improvement in
1853 and 1870 at a cost of about £4000 ;
and has a neat neighbouring hall erected
in 1878 at a cost of about £3000. Palmer-
ston Place United Presbyterian Church,
in western vicinity of St. Mary's Episcopal
Cathedral, was erected in 1874-75 at a
cost of about £14,000, is in classic Italian
style, more like an old Roman temple
than an ordinary British church, and has
a long high portico flanked by towers.
Morningside United Presbyterian Church,
in Chamberlain Road, superseded a neigh-
bouring church of 1863, was erected in
1881 on plan estimated to cost upwards of
£10,000, and is in the Norman style with
massive tower. 23 other United Presby-
terian churches, 5 of them erected or in
course of erection in 1880, and several
others quite recent, are within the city
and suburbs. — Augustine Congregational
Church, on George IV. Bridge, was erected
in 1861 at a cost of about £14,000 ; has a
deep basement on an old low transverse
street ; and is in the Byzantine style with
minaret steeple. 5 other Congregational
chui-ches, 3 Evangelical Union, 4 Original
Secession, 5 Baptist, 2 Methodist, a Glassite,
a Quakers', a German, a Unitarian, and a
Jews' synagogue, several of them erected
near 1881, are within the city and
suburbs.

St. Mary's Episcopal Cathedral, on
direct line with Melville Street, and on
vista line with Princes Street, sprang from
a bequest of about £400,000 by the late

Miss Walker of Coates ; was erected,
minus western towers and chapter-house,
in 1874-79 at a cost of about £110,000 ; is
a cruciform structure, mainly in ornate
early pointed style ; measures 262 feet
from east to west, and 132^ along the
transepts ; has a central tower and spire
275 feet high, surmounted by an iron cross
15 feet high ; and is designed to have two
western towers and spires, each 209 feet
high, and a north-eastern octagonal chap-
ter-house. St. Paul's Episcopal Church,
at corner of York Place and Broughton
Street, was erected in 1816-18 at a cost of
about £12,000 ; consists of nave and aisles,
measuring 123 feet by 73 ; is mainly in
later English style ; and has four lofty arch-
cut turrets. St. John's Episcopal Church,
at corner of Princes Street and Lothian
Road, was erected in 1818 at a cost of
£15,000 ; consists of nave and aisles 113
feet long ; is in florid Gothic style, with
western pinnacled tower 120 feet high ;
and was designed in 1880 to be enlarged
by addition of a rectangular chancel. All
Saints' Episcopal Church, in Brougham
Street, was erected mostly in 1867 and
partly in 1876, at a cost of about £10,500 ;
is a cruciform Gothic edifice ; and has a
massive porch and an octagonal tower.
Christchurch Episcopal church, in Morn-
ingside, was erected in 1876-77 at a cost
of about £10,500 ; is a cruciform edifice in
early French Gothic style ; and has a
steeple 140 feet high. Nine other Scottish
Episcopal churches, and 2 English Epis-
copal churches, are within the city and
suburbs. — The Catholic Apostolic Church,
at west end of East London Street, was
erected to the extent of 200 by 45 feet in
1873-76 at a cost of about £17,000 ; is in
later Norman style, with small steeple at
each corner ; and was designed to have a
great western tower and other additions,
at a probable cost of nearly £17,000. — St.
Mary's Roman Catholic Church, at head of
Broughton Street, was erected in 1813 at
a cost of about £8000, and is in the third
pointed style, with front pinnacles 70 feet
high. Two other Roman Catholic churches
and a convent are in the city.

Numerous hotels, in the principal
thoroughfares, are spacious edifices ; and
some of them, especially in and near
Princes Street, are highly ornate. The
New Club, in Princes Street, between
Hanover and Frederick Streets, was erected
for an association of noblemen and gentle-
men on principles similar to those of the
London West End Clubs, and is an exten-
sive, handsome edifice in the Italian style.
The University Club, in Princes Street,
between Castle and Charlotte Streets, was
erected in 1866-67 at a cost of nearly
£14,000, and is in Grseco-Italian style.
The United Service Club, in Queen Street,
was erected in 1835. The Life Association
Building, in Princes Street, contiguous to
the New Club, was erected in 1855-58;
has three double storeys, successively Doric,

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166

EDI

Ionic, and Corinthian ; and is profusely
ornate. The Widows' Fund Life Assur-
ance Office, on west side of St. Andrew's
Square, was erected in 1848-49 by the
Western Bank Company; passed to its
present use at a price very far below its
cost ; and is a large edifice in the Floren-
tine style. The Scottish Provident Insti-
tution's Office, on south side of St. Andrew
Square, was erected in 1868, and is in florid
Italian style. Numerous other semi-public
buildings, especially in the older parts of
the New Town, are large and elegant.
The ancient City Cross, on a spot in High
Street opposite the present Police Office,
was an object of great interest, taken down
in 1756, and bewailed in well-known verses
of Sir Walter Scott ; and the pillar of it,
after being 110 years out of view, was
placed within the railings of St. Giles'
Church in 1866. Some quite extinct
ancient edifices in the Old Town, especially
the Luckenbooths, westward from vicinity
of the City Cross, the old Tolbooth, ' the
Heart of Midlothian,' adjoining west end
of the Luckenbooths, the Collegiate Church
of St. Mary-in-the-Fields, on ground at
south side of the University, Blackfriars
Monastery, on ground covered by the Old
Koyal Infirmary, and Greyf riars Monastery,
on ground within the present Greyfriars
Cemetery, possess abiding interest, both
for their historical associations and for
extant descriptions of their structure.

The city has 64 postal receiving offices
and letter boxes, 4 subordinate railway
stations, 28 district or branch banking
offices, and head office and 3 branches of
National Security Savings Bank ; and it
publishes 5 daily newspapers, one twice a
week, and six weekly. Its trade does not
include any staple manufacture, but is
large in miscellaneous produce, brewing,
coach-building, printing, publishing, and
general shopping and marketing. Its
water-works draw from springs and stream-
lets on the Pentland and Moorfoot Hills ;
were commenced in 1722 on a small scale,
at comparatively small cost ; extended
prior to 1800 at a cost of £20,000; re-
extended in years after 1819 at a cost of
nearly £200,000 ; extended further in sub-
sequent years at correspondingly large
cost ; and extended again in the few years
tiU near end of 1879 at a cost of £337,837.
The corporation revenue in 1880 was
£110,801 in the municipal department,
£149,163 in the police department, and
£30,841 in the street improvement depart-
ment. The annual value of real property
in 1880-81 was £1,727,741. The city
returns two members to Parliament, and its
University unites with that of St. Andrews
in sending one. Pop., in 1861, 168,121;
in 1871, 197,581 ; in 1881, 228,357.

EDINBURGH AND GLASGOW RAILWAY,
railway, opened from Edinburgh to Glas-
gow in 1842, ramified afterwards with
several branches, and amalgamated with
the North British in 1865.

EDINBURGH, PERTH, AND DUNDEE
RAILWAW, railway from Edinburgh to
Ladybank in Fife, and thence in two forks
to Perth and Dundee. It includes a line
to Leith and Granton, a connecting ferry
on the Forth, the line thence to Perth and
Tayport, communication from the latter to
Dundee, and a branch from Thornton to
Dunfermline ; it was constituted by amal-
gamation of these in 1851 ; and it became
part of the North British system in 1862.

EDINBURGHSHIRE, or MID-LOTHIAN,
county between Haddingtonshire and Lin-
lithgowshire, on south side of Firth of
Forth. It has proximately a half-moon
form, with middle curve on the firth, a
long horn to the south-west, and a longer
horn to the south-east ; and it measures
about 12 miles along the Forth, about 20
along the south-western boundary, about
23 along the south-eastern boundary, about
38 along the southern boundary, and 367
square miles in area. Its surface, except
in the extreme half of its south-eastern
horn, is an inclined plain diversified by
hills ; and, in the extreme half of its
south-eastern horn, is chiefly the upper
part of the basin of Gala river. The
Pentland Hills intersect the west centre
of its plain north - north - eastward to
about 4 miles from Edinburgh ; the Moor-
foot Hills extend about 10 miles south-
eastward from the middle of the southern
border ; the Lammermoors contribute a
narrow flank to the east side of Gala
river; the hill-ridge comprising Carberry
extends nearly 6 miles on the eastern
border toward vicinity of Musselburgh;
the hill-group culminating in Arthur's
Seat gives much character to the site and
environs of Edinburgh ; Corstorphine Hill
forms a fine feature 3 miles farther west ;
and the Plat Hills and Dalmahoy Crags
figure considerably in the south-west.
Almost the entire county lies like a map
beneath the eye from the highest summit
of the Pentlands ; and, as seen thence, is
most strikingly picturesque and richly em-
bellished. About two-thirds of the entire
area are arable, and comprise as finely
cultivated lands as can be seen anywhere
in the world. The other third is partly
moorish, but mostly good hill pasture. The
only streams of any note are the Almond
on the north-western boundary, the Water
of Leith parallel to the Almond., the Esks
downward to the north-eastern border, all
running to the Firth of Forth, and the
Gala traversing the outer half of the
south-eastern horn on its way to the
Tweed. A coal-field nearly 15 miles long
and from 7 to 8 miles broad extends north-
eastward from Carlops to Musselburgh;
limestone abounds in that coal-field and
in tracts to the south-east of it ; and sand-
stone of prime quality abounds in places to
the west and south-west of Edinburgh.
Manufactures of paper and of gunpowder
are notable ; fisheries at Musselburgh and
Newhaven are famous ; and commerce at

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EIG

Leith and Granton is great. The Cale-
donian Ottadini and Gadeni, the Eomans,
and the Anglo-Saxons, had successive pos-
session of the territory, and have all left
interesting remains ; and later occupants
have contributed the extant antiquities of
Borthwick, Crichton, Dalhousie, Eoslin,
Bavensnook, Cousland, Catcune, Locher-
wart, Luggate. and Craigmillar Castles, the
last a structure of much note. The towns
with each more than 40,000 inhabitants are
Edinburgh and Leith ; with each more than
5000 are Musselburgh, Dalkeith, and Por-
tobello ; with each more than 2000 are
"West Calder and Penicuick ; with each
more than 1000 are Bonnyrigg, Lasswade,
Loanhead, Jock's Lodge, Granton, and
Addiewell; and the villages with each more
than 300 amount to 36. The annual value
of real property in 1880-81, exclusive of
Edinburgh, Leith, Musselburgh, andPorto-
beUo,was £688,167. Pop., in 1861, 273,997 ;
in 1871, 328,379 ; in 1881, 388,977.

EDINCHIP, seat of Sir Malcolm Mac-
gregor, Bart., 1\ mile south-west cf Loch-
earnhead, Perthshire.

EDINGIGHT, seat of Sir John Innes,
Bart. , in Grange parish, Banffshire.

EDINGLASSIE, a seat of Sir Charles J.
Forbes, Bart., in Strathdon parish, Aber-
deenshire.

EDINGTON, ruined ancient fortalice, 2
miles east of Chirnside, Berwickshire.

EDINKENS, quondam historical bridge
in Innerwick parish, Haddingtonshire.

EDINKILLIE. See Edenkillie.

EDINSHALL, quondam curious ancient
tower on Cockburnlaw, Berwickshire.

EDINTORE, seat in Keith parish, Banff-
shire.

EDINVILLE, hamlet in Dallas parish,
Elginshire.

EDINVILLIE, section of Aberlour parish,
Banffshire.

EDMONDS, dean or ravine in Cockburns-
path parish, Berwickshire.

EDMONSTON, seat in Biggar parish,
L&n <&rk sliir g

EDMONSTONE, seat of Sir John Don
Wauchope, Bart., and village, 4 miles
south-east of Edinburgh.

EDNAM, village and parish on north
border of Eoxburghshire. The village
stands on Eden river, 2£ miles north-east
of Kelso, was the birthplace of the poet
Thomson, and has a parochial church with
260 sittings, and a public school with about
145 scholars. The parish measures about
3J by 3 miles, and comprises 3849 acres.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £9651. Pop.
613. The land is mostly flat, but
includes some slopes and two fine eleva-
tions. Chief objects are Hendersyde Park
and an obeliskal monument to the poet
Thomson.

EDNAM HOUSE, seat in Kelso parish,
Eoxburghshire.

EDRACHILLIS. See Eddeeachtllis.

EDRADOUR, burn, with beautiful cas-
cade, in Moulin parish, Perthshire.

EDRADYNATE, seat on the Tay, be-
tween Weem and Logierait, Perthshire.

EDRINGTON, seat and ruined old castle
on the Whitadder, on southern verge of
Berwickshire and Scotland.

EDROM, village and parish in Merse
district, Berwickshire. The village stands
on the Whitadder, 3£ miles north-east of
Dunse, is very ancient but small, and has
a post office designated of Berwickshire, a
railway station, a parochial church with
600 sittings, and a public school with about
100 scholars. — The parish contains also
Allanton village, measures about 1\ miles
by 4, and comprises 9545 acres. Eeal
property in 1880-81, £22,074. Pop.
1514. The surface is mostly well-culti-
vated arable land. The seats are Edrom
House, Kimmerghame, Kelloe, Broom-
house, Blackadder House, Allanbank, Nis-
bet, and Chirnside-Bridge House ; and the
antiquities are sites of 5 or 6 Border peels.
A Free church is at Allanton, and 4 public
schools for 365 scholars are in the parish.

EDZELL (popularly AIGLE or EAGLE),
village in Forfarshire, and parish partly
also in Kincardineshire. The village stands
6 miles north-by-west of Brechin, presents
a pleasant appearance, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Brechin, a banking
office, 2 inns, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 183 scholars.
Pop. 370. — The parish measures about Yl\
by 6£ miles, and comprises 18,959 acres in
Forfarshire, and 1109 in Kincardineshire.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £6302 and
£635. Pop. 823. The surface lies along
the North Esk, and is mostly upland.
Edzell Castle was the splendid seat of the
Lindsays of Glenesk, ceased to be a resi-
dence in 1714, and is now an extensive
ruin. Two ancient Caledonian stone circles
are on the northern border. 3 schools for
302 scholars are in the parish, and 2 of
them for 260 are new.

E'EN. See Oyne.

_ EFFOCK, head stream of North Esk
river, Forfarshire.

EGG. See Bigg.

EGILSHAY. See Eagleshat.

EGLINTON, village, with ironworks, in
Kilwinning parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 672.

EGLINTON CASTLE, chief seat of the
Earl of Eglinton, near Eglinton village, and
2\ miles north of Irvine, Ayrshire. It is
a splendid edifice of 1798, and has a park
of 1200 acres.

EGLISHAY. See Eagleshat.

EGLISMONICHTY, ancient chapelry,
now in Monifeith parish, Forfarshire.

EIGG, Hebridean island, 8 miles west of
Arasaig, Inverness-shire. It measures 6^
miles in length, and from 2 to 3 miles in
breadth ; is partly low and partly hilly ;
includes a promontory with columnar
cliffs, similar to those of Staffa ; includes
also a curious, precipitous, columnarly-
peaked hill, 1272 feet high, called Scuir of
Eigg ; contains several Scandinavian forts

EIL

168

ELG

and a famous cavern ; and has a post office
under Oban, and a Roman Catholic
chapel. Pop. 291.

EIL, sea-loch on mutual border of Argyle-
shire and Inverness-shire. It strikes from
head of Loch Linnhe, extends 10 miles
north-eastward to Corpach, deflects sud-
denly there, and extends 11 miles thence
to the north-west ; and it has mostly a
width of about 2 miles.

EILDON, hamlet and hills in southern
vicinity of Melrose, Roxburghshire. The
hills rise from one base into three summits
1211, 1327, and 1385 feet high; were
known to the Romans as Mons Tremon-
tium ; have a large ancient Caledonian
tumulus and vestiges of a Roman camp ;
and command extensive panoramic views.

EILLAN. See ELLAN.

EIRE, the river Findhorn.

EISHART, sea-loch, about 7 miles long,
on west side of Sleat peninsula, Isle of
Skye.

EITSHAL, hill, 733 feet high, 8 miles
west - south - west of Stornoway, Outer
Hebrides.

ELCHAI6, mountain rivulet, running
to head of Loch Long in Ross-shire.

ELCHIES, two estates, Easter and
Wester, in Knockando parish, Elginshire.

ELCHO, decayed, strong, ancient castle
on the Tay, 4 miles south-east of Perth.
It gives the title of baron to the Earl of
Wemyss.

ELDERSLIE, town and quoad sacra par-
ish in Renfrewshire. The town stands 2
miles west of Paisley, was the birthplace
of Sir William Wallace, and has a post
office under Paisley, a church with 800
sittings, and a public school with about
220 scholars. Pop. of the town, 1141 ;
of the quoad sacra parish, 2242.

ELDERSLIE, seat on the Clyde, near
Renfrew.

ELDERSLIE AND FARDLEHILL, con-
joint village in Kilmaurs parish, Ayrshire.
Pop. 135.

ELDRIG, summit of hill-ridge, 1215 feet
high, on mutual border of Lanarkshire and
Renfrewshire.

ELDRIG, or EDRICK, village in Mochrum
parish, Wigtonshire.

ELF HOUSE, stalactitic cavern, a hiding-
place of the Covenanters, in Dusk Glen,
near Dairy, Ayrshire.

ELGAR, or ELLA, island in Shapinshay
parish, Orkney.

ELGIN, town and parish in Elginshire.
The town stands on the river Lossie, 63|
miles by road, but 80f by railway, north-
west of Aberdeen ; is situated partly on
meadow land, partly along a ridge; has
charming environs and a pleasant interior ;
was formerly the seat of the bishopric of
Moray, and has been a royal burgh since
the time of William the Lion ; ranks now
as the capital of Elginshire, and as the
head, of six burghs sending a member to
Parliament ; includes a chief street about
a mile long, with a central square ; pre-

sents an appearance of wealth ; carries on
some manufactures ; publishes two twice-
a-week newspapers ; and has a head post
office with all departments, a railway
station, 7 banking offices, 5 hotels, a
court-house of 1840, a conspicuous monu-
ment of the last Duke of Gordon, well-
preserved ruins of its ancient cathedral,
an Established church, 2 Free churches,
2 United Presbyterian churches, Congre-
gational, Baptist, Episcopalian, and Roman
Catholic churches, an evangelistic hall, an
elegant hospital of 1819, a splendid edu-
cational institution of 1822, and 3 public
schools. The cathedral was founded in
1224, underwent demolitions and recon-
structions, measured 282 feet from east
to west and 115 feet along the transepts,
was wrecked at the Reformation, and now
is a more attractive ruin than any other
ecclesiastical one in Scotland except Mel-
rose Abbey. The Established church was
erected in 1828, is a spacious edifice with
Doric portico, and has a tower with cyclo-
style lantern 112 feet high. Real property
of the burgh in 1880-81, £29,310. Pop.
7338. — The parish excludes part of the
town, and includes New Elgin village.
Its length is about 10 miles ; its breadth
about 6 miles ; its area 19,166 acres. Real
property of landward part in 1880-81,
£11,354. Pop. 8717. The surface com-
prises a gentle acclivity southward from
the town to base of Blackhills, a steep
hilly ridge to the west of that, and the
vales of Pluscardine and Mossdowie on
left of the Lossie. The 3 public schools
within the burgh are new, and have ac-
commodation for 400 scholars ; 10 other
schools are within the burgh, and have
accommodation for 1173 scholars ; and 6
schools for 535 scholars, 3 of them new,
for 340, are in the landward districts.

ELGIN (NEW), village in Elgin parish,
Elginshire. It has a public school with
about 73 scholars. Pop. 625.

ELGINSHIRE, maritime county, com-
prising eastern portion of ancient province
of Moray. It lies between Moray Firth
and the Grampians, to the east of Nairn-
shire and Inverness-shire ; and it under-
went change of boundary in 1870 by
transference to it of part of Cromdale
parish from Inverness-shire, and trans-
ference from it to that county of part of
Duthil parish. Its length from north to
south is about 40 miles ; its greatest
breadth near the coast is about 23 miles ;
and its area is 531 square miles. The
coast is mostly low and sandy ; the sea-
board, to the breadth of about 8 miles, is
champaign ; the middle section rises gradu-
ally in series of parallel hills and interven-
ing vales ; and the southern border includes
part of the valley of the Spey, and is else-
where filled with the Grampians. The
rocks of the sea-board are chiefly old red
sandstone, but include small patches of
lower oolite and lias ; and those of the
hills are granite, gneiss, mica-slate, quartz,

ELG

169

ELL

and talcose schist. The rivers are the
Spey in the east and south-east, the
Lossie in the middle, and the Findhorn in
the west. Nearly one-fourth of all the
land is arable, and in high cultivation.
The civil history is identical with that of
Moray. The towns with each more than
2000 inhabitants are Elgin, Forres, and
Lossiemouth ; the towns with each more
than 1000 inhabitants are Burghead,
Grantown, Eothes, Fochabers, and Hope-
man; and the villages with each more
than 300 are Garmouth, Findhorn, New
Elgin, Kingston, and Archiestown. The
annual value of real property in 1880-81
was £226,625. Pop. in 1871, 43,612 ; in
1881, 43,760.

EL60LL, hamlet in Strath parish, Isle
of Skye. It has a post office under
Broadford.

ELHARDHOLM, old chapelry now in
Shapinshay, Orkney.

ELIBANK, estate, with ancient peel-
tower, 8 miles north-west of Selkirk. It
gives the peerage title of baron to a branch
of the family of Murray.

ELIE, village and parish on south coast
of Fife. The village stands on bay of its
own name, 5 miles east-south-east of Largo,
is a sea-bathing resort, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Fife, a banking office,
an inn, a harbour, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about 108
scholars. Pop. 625. — The parish is inter-
sected by Kilconquhar, measures about 4
miles by 2j, and comprises 2020 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £7198. Pop. 664. The
shore is sandy, and the land is mostly flat.
Elie House is a mansion of about 1675.

ELI STONE, ancient baronial castle on
Almond river in Kirkliston parish, Edin-
burghshire.

ELLA. See Elgak.

ELLAM, or ELLIM, ancient parish, now
part of Longformacus, Berwickshire.

ELLAN-AIGAS, abrupt wooded islet in
Beauly river, Kiltarlity parish, Inverness-
shire. It is crowned by a handsome
villa.

ELLAN AN-RIGH, islet in Loch Laggan,
Inverness-shire.

ELLAN- AN-TAGGART, islet in Loch
Awe, near influx of Avich rivulet, Argyle-
shire.

ELLAN-A-VROIN, rocky islet near middle
of Loch Vennachoir, Perthshire.

ELLAN- CHOLIUMCILLE, small island in
Loch Portree, Isle of Skye.

ELLAN-DHEIRRIG, rocky islet, with re-
mains of Earl of Argyle's fort of 1685, at
junction of Loch Riddan with Kyles of
Bute, Argyleshire.

ELLANDONAN, rocky islet, with ruined
ancient castle of Earls of Seaforth, at head
of Loch Alsh, in south-west comer of Ross.

ELLAN-DUIRNISH, islet in Loch Etive,
opposite Bun awe, Argyleshire.

ELLAN FADA, island near head of Loch
KiUisport, Knapdale, Argyleshire.

ELLAN-FINNAN, island, with ruined
ancient church, in Loch Shiel, on north
boundary of Argvleshire.

ELLAN - FREUCH, islet, with ruined
castle, in Sound of Islay, Argyleshire.

ELLAN - MAREE, islet, with ancient
burying-ground, in Loch Maree, Ross-
shire.

ELLANMORE, islet, with ancient arched
chapel, in south end. of Sound of Jura,
Argyleshire.

ELLANMORE, islet adjacent to Coll
Island, Argyleshire.

ELLANMUNDE, islet and ancient parish
on north border of Argyleshire. The islet
lies in Loch Leven, adjacent to mouth of
Coe rivulet, and contains a cemetery and
ruins of ancient church. The parish com-
prehended Glencoe and part of Appin, and
is now annexed to Lismore.

ELLAN-NA-BEICH, islet adjacent to
Easdale Island, Inner Hebrides. Pop. 304.

ELLAN-NA-GAEIL, the Rabbit Island, in
Tongue parish, Sutherland.

ELLAN-NA-GAMHNA, pastoral isle in
South Knapdale parish, Argyleshire.

ELLAN-NA-LEEK, isle near north-west
coast of South Knapdale, Argyleshire.

ELLAN-NA-MUICK, isle off west coast of
South Knapdale, Argyleshire.

ELLAN-NA-NAOIMH, islet, with natural
jet d'eau about 30 feet high, and with re-
mains of ancient chapel and burying-
ground, on east coast of Tongue parish,
Sutherland.

ELLAN-NAN-CAORACH, isle off Kildalton
coast, Islay Island, Argyleshire.

ELLAN-NAN-CON, islet in Loch Laggan,
Inverness-shire.

ELLAN-NAN-GOBHAR, islet, with two
vitrified forts, in Loch Aylort, Ardna-
murchan parish, Argyleshire.

ELLAN-NA-ROAN, inhabited island, about
2 miles in circuit, in Tongue parish,
Sutherland. It looks like two islands, is
mostly engirt with high precipitous rocks,
includes a low tract with very fertile soil,
and has on its north side a natural arch,
about 150 feet high and 70 feet wide.
Pop. 73.

ELLANREACH, large house, with ex-
tensive sheep-farm, in Glenelg parish,
Inverness-shire.

ELLAN-RORYMORE, islet, with vestiges
of ancient subterranean circular structure,
in Loch Maree, Ross-shire.

ELLAN VHOU, wooded islet, with ruined
ancient fortalice, in upper part of Loch
Lomond.

ELLEMBANK, seat near Kirkcudbright.

ELLEMFORD, place on Whitadder
river, 6 miles north - west of Dunse,
Berwickshire.

ELLEN'S ISLE, craggy, wooded, roman-
tic islet, centre of the action of Sir Walter
Scott's Lady of the Lake, near foot of Loch
Katrine, Perthshire.

ELLERHOLM, green islet in mouth of
Elwick bay, on south side of Shapinshay,
Orkney.

ELL

170

ENT

ELLINORTON, village in Kirriemuir
parisli, Forfarshire.

ELLIOCK, seat on burn of its own name,
2 miles south-south-west of Sanquhar,
Dumfriesshire. It was the birthplace of
the Admirable Crichton.

ELLIOT, rivulet running about 8 miles
east-south-eastward to the sea, at 1£ mile
south-south-west of Arbroath, Forfarshire.

ELLIOT-JUNCTION, railway station near
mouth of Elliot rivulet, Forfarshire.

ELLISLAND, farm on the Nith, 6£ miles
north-north-west of Dumfries. It was
occupied by the poet Burns in 1788-91.

ELLISTON, small square tower, ancient
seat of the Sempills, near foot of Castle-
Semple Loch, Renfrewshire.

ELLON, village and parish in south of
Buchan, Aberdeenshire. The village
stands on Ythan river, 16 miles by road,
but 19J by railway, north-by-east of Aber-
deen ; was formerly the seat of jurisdiction
of Buchan earldom ; is now a centre of
considerable business ; and has a head
post office with all departments, a railway
station, 3 banking offices, a hotel, Estab-
lished, Free, United Presbyterian, and
Episcopalian churches, and 2 public
schools. Pop. 964. — The parish measures
8 miles by 4f, and comprises 22,259 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £23,776. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 3698 ; quoad sacra, 2872.
The surface mostly presents an undulating
appearance, but rises in several parts into
considerable eminences. The seats are
Ellon Castle, Esslemont, Arnage, Turner
Hall, and Dudwick ; and the first was
built in 1851, and is near some remains of
a previous mansion of about 1780. Five
schools for 718 scholars are in the parish,
and 4 of them for 670 are new.

ELLRIDGE, lake in Slamannan parish,
Stirlingshire.

ELLSNESS. See Elsness.

ELLSRICKLE, village, 4 miles north-by-
east of Biggar, Lanarkshire. It has a
Free church.

ELMBANK, seat in St. Yigeans parish,
Forfarshire.

ELPHIN, mountainous district north-
north-east of Ullapool, in Ross-shire. It
has a post office under Lairg.

ELPHINSTONE, village, old mansion,
and collieries in Tranent parish, Hadding-
tonshire. The village stands nearly 2
miles south-south- west of Tranent town.
Pop. 597. The mansion was built in
1600, and is attached to a massive square
tower of about the end of 14th century.

ELPHINSTONE, colliery in Airth parish,
Stirlingshire.

ELRICK, seat in New Machar parish,
Aberdeenshire.

ELRI6, hamlet in Mochrum parish,
Wigton shire. It has a public school with
about 89 scholars.

ELSHIESHIELDS, modern seat, with old
tower, in Lochmaben parish, Dumfriesshire.

ELSICK, seat and burn in Fetteresso
parish, Kincardineshire.

ELSNESS, headland and district in south
of Sanday Island, Orkney.

ELSWICK, capacious harbour in south of
Shapinshay Island, Orkney.

ELTRIGOE, small sea-inlet in Wick
parish, Caithness.

ELVAN, upland rivulet, running about
7 miles north-eastward to the Clyde, at
Elvanfoot, Lanarkshire.

ELVANFOOT, place, with inn and railway
station, 4| miles south-east of Abingdon,
Lanarkshire.

ELVINGSTON, seat in Gladsmuir parish,
Haddingtonshire.

EMANUEL, or MANUEL, railway station
and ruined priory of 1156, adjacent to
Avon river, near Linlithgow-Bridge.

EMBO, fishing village in Dornoch parish,
Sutherland. It has a public school with
about 85 scholars. Pop. 396.

ENDER, affluent of the Garry in Blair-
Athole parish, Perthshire.

ENDRICK, river, running about 18 miles
westward, chiefly in Stirlingshire, to Loch
Lomond at boundary with Dumbartonshire.
It receives the Blane and some smaller
affluents, and is celebrated in song as
' Sweet Ennerdale.'

ENGINE, three collier villages, New, Old,
and Sheriffhall, in Newton parish, Edin-
burghshire.

ENGLISH-HILL, mountain in Kiltarlity
parish, Inverness-shire.

ENGLISH-ROW, village in Dalziel parish,
Lanarkshire.

ENHALLOW, small island between
Pomona and Rousay, Orkney.

ENNERIC, rivulet, running about 10
miles eastward, in Glenurquhart, to Loch
Ness, Inverness-shire. It has a picturesque
course, and makes a beautiful cascade.

ENNICH, lake, overhung by grand pre-
cipices, in Rothiemurchus parish, Inver-
ness-shire.

ENOCH, lake on north verge of Minnigaff
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ENOCH, hill, 1865 feet high, in New
Cumnock parish, Ayrshire.

ENOCHDHU, place, with post office
under Pitlochrie, Perthshire.

ENOCH (ST.), parish, with railway station
and with Established and Free churches,
in Glasgow. Pop., quoad sacra, 2131.

ENOCH (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Dundee. Pop. 2401.

ENOCH, barony in Durrisdeer parish,
Dumfriesshire.

ENRIG, quondam abbot's house in
Girthon parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ENSAY, island, about 5 miles in circuit,
2 miles south - west of Harris, Outer
Hebrides, Pop. 6.

ENTERKIN, burn, running from Lowther
Mountain to the Nith, in Durrisdeer parish,
Dumfriesshire.

ENTERKIN, seat in Tarbolton parish,
Ayrshire.

ENTERKINFOOT, place at mouth of
Enterkin burn, Dumfriesshire.
ENTERKINS-YETT, traditional scene of

ENZ

171

EJRS

sanguinary battle between natives and
Danes, in Currie parish, Edinburghshire.

ENZIE, quoad sacra parish, comprising
parts of Rathven and Bellie, in north-west
extremity of Banffshire. It has a post
office under Fochabers, Established and
Free churches, a new public school for 170
scholars, and an old one for 130. Pop. 2413.

ENZIEHOLM, farm, with vestiges of
very ancient strong triangular fortifica-
tion, in "Westerkirk parish, Dumfriesshire.

EOCHAR, place, with post office under
Lochmaddy, Outer Hebrides.

EOLAN, small affluent of the Etive, in
Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

EOLIGARY, seat in Barra Island, Outer
Hebrides.

EORODALE, headland, 3 miles south-
east of Butt-of-Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

EORSA, small island in Loch-na-Keal,
Mull, Argyleshire.

EOUSMIL, rocky islet frequented by
seals, on west side of North Uist, Outer
Hebrides.

EOY, small island between North Uist
and Barra, Outer Hebrides.

EPORT, long narrow sea-loch, with safe
harbour, 3 miles south of Lochmaddy, in
North Uist, Outer Hebrides.

ERCHLESS, modernized old castle, with
fine hill-girt park, in Strathglass, Inver-
ness-shire.

ERCILDOUN. See Eaklston.

EREGIE, seat in Dores parish, Inverness-
shire.

ERIBOLL, sea-loch, 10J miles long, and
mostly from 1 to 3 miles wide, in Durness
parish, Sutherland.

ERICHKIE, mountain rivulet, running
about 10 miles eastward to the Garry, at
4 miles west of Blair-Athole, Perthshire.

ERICHT, lake on mutual border of
Perthshire and Inverness-shire. It lies at
an elevation of 1153 feet above sea-level ;
is overhung by lofty, precipitous, desolate
mountains ; extends from neighbourhood
of Dalwhinnie 16 miles south-south-west-
ward, with average breadth of about a
mile ; and sends off a stream about 5 miles
southward to Loch Kannoch.

ERICHT, river in north-east of Perth-
shire. It is formed by conflux of the
Ardle and the Shee ; runs southward, past
Blairgowrie, to the Isla, at 2 miles west
of Coupar- Angus ; abounds in romantic
scenery ; and, measured from the sources
of its head-streams, has a total course of
about 23 miles.

ERIDINE, seat in Kilchrenan parish,
Argyleshire.

ERIGMORE, seat near Dunkeld, Perth-
shire.

ERINES, seat in South Knapdale parish,
Argyleshire.

ERISKA, island in mouth of Loch Creran,
Argyleshire. Pop. 7.

ERISKAY, island, about 3 miles long,
near south end of South Uist, Outer
Hebrides. It was Prince Charles Edward's
landing-place in 1745. Pop. 466.

ERISORT, sea-loch in south-east of Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. It opens about 7 miles
south of Stornoway, and goes about 10
miles west-south-westward, but is com-
paratively narrow.

ERIVIST, burn, running about 5| miles
south-westward to the Gala, in Stow
parish, Edinburghshire.

ERNAN, stream, traversing Tarland
parish to the Don, in Aberdeenshire.

ERNCRAGS, small lake in Crossmichael
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ERNE. See Eakn and FiNDHOKN.

ERNSHEUCH, precipitous eminence with
Caledonian camp in Coldingham parish,
Berwickshire.

EROCHD. See Ericht.

ERRALD, island adjacent to south-
western extremity of Ross peninsula,
Mull, Argyleshire. Pop. 51.

ERROL, village and parish in Carse of
Gowrie, Perthshire. The village stands
about a mile from railway station of its
own name, lOf miles east of Perth ; crowns
a slight rising ground with extensive view ;
gives the title of Earl to the family of
Hay ; and has a post office with all depart-
ments designated of Perthshire, a post office
of Errol village under Errol, a banking office,
a hotel, a large cruciform towered Estab-
lished church, Free and United Presbyterian
churches, and a public school with about 111
scholars. Pop. 876. — The parish contains
also the villages of Pitrodie, Glendoick,
Grange, Leetown, West-town, and Mains
of Errol. Its length is 5^ miles ; its breadth
3J miles; its area 9507 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £23,026. Pop. 2421.
The surface is low, and, with exception of
some slight rising grounds, all flat ; and the
soil is mostly rich alluvium and all arable.
Errol House, near Errol village, was
formerly the seat of the Earls of Errol.
A public school is at Glendoick.

ERSKINE, parish on south side of the
Clyde in Renfrewshire. It lies opposite
Dumbarton Castle, and contains the post-
office villages of Langbank and Bishopton,
and the hamlets of Blackstown and Easter
Rossland. Its length is 6f miles ; its
greatest breadth 3£ miles ; its area 7535
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £19,602.
Pop., quoad civilia, 1655; quoad sacra,
1073. The land adjacent to the Clyde
is flat and fertile; the ground behind
that makes considerable ascent ; and a
pleasant hill-ridge occupies most of the
western section. Erskine House, the seat
of Lord Blantyre, is a beautiful Tudor
edifice of 1828, and has, on an eminence
within its grounds, a lofty obeliskal monu-
ment of the eleventh Lord Blantyre.
Other seats are Dargavel, Rossland, and
Eastbank. Erskine ferry, on the Clyde,
serves for both pedestrians and carriages.
The churches are Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian. Three schools for
336 scholars are in the parish, and one
of them and class-rooms for 167 are
new.

ERV

172

ETI

ERVARY, hill, with fine view, in North
Knapdale parish, Argyleshire.

ERVIE, hamlet in Kirkcolm parish,
Wigtonshire.

ESHANESS, headland and skerry at
south-western extremity of Northmaven
parish, Shetland.

ESK, river of Dumfriesshire. It is
formed, at 7 miles north-west of Langholm,
by conflux of Black Esk and White Esk ;
it runs thence about 20 miles south-east-
ward and southward in Dumfriesshire, to
influx of the Liddel at boundary with
England; and it proceeds about 8 miles
curvingly through Cumberland to head of
Solway Firth.

ESK, river of Edinburghshire. It is
formed in Dalkeith Park by conflux of
North Esk and South Esk ; and it runs 3
miles thence northward to Firth of Forth
at Musselburgh.

ESK, small mountain lake, emitting a
head stream of South Esk river, on north-
west border of Forfarshire.

ESKADALE, seat and hamlet with
Roman Catholic chapel, near head of
Strathglass, Inverness-shire.

ESKBANK, suburb of Dalkeith, with
junction railway station, 8 miles south-
east of Edinburgh.

ESK (BLACK), small river of Dumfries-
shire. It runs about 15 miles tortuously
south-south-eastward, all within Eskdale-
muir and the Southern Highlands ; and
unites with the White Esk to form the Esk.

ESKBRIDGE, railway station near Peni-
cuick, Edinburghshire.

ESKDALE, the eastern and smallest of
the three districts of Dumfriesshire. It
includes all the Scottish portions of the
basin of the Esk, but is ill defined on the
south-west over the little basins of the
Sark and the Kirtle.

ESKDALEMUIR, parish in north-west of
Eskdale, Dumfriesshire. It has a post
office of its own name under Langholm ;
and it measures llf miles in length, 9 J
miles in greatest breadth, and 43,282 acres
in area. Real property in 1880-81, £11,249.
Pop. 543. The surface is nearly all moun-
tainous, heathy, and moorish; and it is
remarkable for two ancient Caledonian
stone circles, and for vestiges or remains
of numerous ancient camps. One of the
stone circles is entire, and one of the
camps occupies about 7 acres, and has been
the subject of much antiquarian discus-
sion. The churches are Established and
Free. There are 2 schools for 159 scholars,
and 1 of them for 60 is new.

ESKIN, head stream of the Findhorn,
in Inverness-shire.

ESK (NORTH), quoad sacra parish, with
church in Musselburgh, Edinburghshire.
Pop. 5389.

ESK (NORTH), river, running about 16
miles north-north-eastward to conflux with
South Esk in Dalkeith Park, Edinburgh-
shire.

ESK (NORTH), river, running about 28

miles south-eastward to the sea, at boundary
between Forfarshire and Kincardineshire.

ESK (SOUTH), river, running about 13
miles northward to conflux with North
Esk in Dalkeith Park, Edinburghshire.

ESK (SOUTH), river, running about 37
miles east-south-eastward and eastward to
the sea at Montrose, Forfarshire. Its last
reach first expands into large tidal lagoon
above Montrose, and then contracts into
deep rapid current from the lagoon to
the sea.

ESK VALLEY, branch railway, for min-
eral traffic, down the valley of the Esk,
Edinburghshire.

ESK (WHITE), river, running curvingly
about 15 miles southward to conflux with
Black Esk, Dumfriesshire.

ESLEMONT. See Esslemont.

ESLIE, farm, with ancient Caledonian
stone circle, in Banchory-Ternan parish,
Kincardineshire.

ESPEDAIR, burn in Abbey-Paisley par-
ish, Renfrewshire.

ESRAGAN, two streams, greater and
lesser, separated by Benvean and running
southward to Loch Etive, in Argyleshire.

ESSACHOSSAN, romantic glen adjacent
to Inverary, Argyleshire.

ESSCUNHAN, stream, with cascade, in
Kilmorie parish, Arran Island, Buteshire.

ESSENSIDE, lake in Ashkirk parish,
Roxburghshire.

ESSET, small affluent of the Don, in
Tullynessle parish, Aberdeenshire.

ESSIE, ancient parish, now part of
Rhynie, Aberdeenshire.

ESSIE, Forfarshire. See Eassie.

ESSIEMORE, cascade of about 100 feet,
in Auchinchew amphitheatre, Arran Is-
land, Buteshire.

ESSIL, ancient parish, now part of Spey-
mouth, Elginshire.

ESSLEMONT, railway station and seat,
If mile south of Ellon, Aberdeenshire.

ESWICK, headland, 12 miles north-by-
east of Lerwick, Shetland.

ETHIE, burn, with cascades and precipi-
tous banks, in Cromarty parish, Cromarty-
shire.

ETHIE CASTLE, seat of the Earl of

Northesk, 4^ miles north-north-east of
Arbroath, Forfarshire.

ETHIEHAVEN, small fishing village. If
mile north-east of Ethie Castle, Forfarshire.

ETIVE, river and sea -loch in Argyle-
shire. The river rises among alpine
heights around head of Glencoe ; runs
about 16 miles south-westward, along a
deep mountain glen, to the loch's head ;
and, in its progress, makes two fine
cascades. The loch goes first about 11
miles south-westward, then about 10 miles
westward, to head of Firth of Lorn ; is
flanked, in its upper part, by grand alpine
mountains, — in its lower part, by diversity
of hills, braes, and gentle slopes ; contracts,
at 5 miles from its mouth, into the strait
of Connel Ferry ; forms, between that
strait and its mouth a spacious bay ; and,

ETT

173

EYE

as a whole, from head to foot, looks like
a series of inland lakes.

ETTRICK, hamlet, parish, and river in
Selkirkshire. The hamlet lies on the
river, 18^ miles south-west of Selkirk,
and has a parochial church of 1824, a
Free Church station of 1880, a public
school with about 35 scholars, and a
burying-ground containing a monument
to Rev. Thomas Boston, and the grave of
the Ettrick Shepherd. — The parish mea-
sures about 11 miles by 10, and comprises
42,387 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£12,199. Pop. 397. The surface is a
congeries of mountains and hills, inter-
sected by glens, cleughs, and a narrow
vale, and abounds in rich sheep pasture.
The seats are Thirlstane Castle, Cacrabank,
and Rodono ; and the antiquities are Thirl-
stane and Tushielaw towers, and vestiges
of Buccleuch church. — The river rises
adjacent to boundary with Dumfriesshire,
runs about 23 miles north-eastward to
influx of the Yarrow, and proceeds about
5 miles farther in same direction, past
Selkirk, to the Tweed, at 1^ mile from
Abbotsford.

ETTRICK, bay, nearly 2 miles long, on
west side of Bute Island, Buteshire.

ETTRICKBANK, seat on Ettrick river,
1| mile north-east of SeTkirk.

"ETTRICK-BRIDGE, village on Ettrick
river, 7 miles south-west of Selkirk. It
has a post office under Selkirk, and an inn.

ETTRICK FOREST, popularly Selkirk-
shire, but anciently including also tracts
now in Peeblesshire and Edinburghshire.
It once was literally a forest, swarming
with deer, and used as a hunting-ground
by the Scoto- Saxon kings ; but it lost
much of its wood in the times of Bruce
and Baliol, and was converted into sheep
walks in the time of James v.

ETTRICK PEN, mountain, 2269 feet
high, at source of Ettrick river, on south-
east verge of Selkirkshire.

ETTRIDGE-BRIDGE, place on lower part
of Truim rivulet, Inverness-shire.

EUCHAN, rivulet, running about 8i
miles north-eastward and eastward to the
Nith, at Sanquhar, Dumfriesshire.

EUCHAR, rivulet, issuing from Loch
Scammadale, and running about 4 miles,
partly along a romantic ravine, to the sea,
at Kilninver, Argyleshire.

EVAN, small river, running about 14
miles, chiefly down a deep glen, south-
south-eastward to the Annan, at 2 miles
south of Moffat, Dumfriesshire.

EVANTON, village, 7 miles north-north-
east of Dingwall, Ross-shire. It has a
post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, designated of Ross-
shire, an inn, and a public school with
about 54 scholars. Pop. 43G.

EVELAW, old peel tower in Westruther
parish, Berwickshire.

EVELICK, ruined ancient castle and hill,
with remains of ancient fortification, in
Kilspindie parish, Perthshire.

EVELIX, rivulet, running about 13 miles,
chiefly south-eastward, to Dornoch Firth,
near Meikle Ferry, on south-east border
of Sutherland.

EVIE AND RENDALL, conjoint parish
in Orkney. It comprises the north-eastern
part of Pomona and the island of Gairsay ;
and it has a post office of Evie, with money
order department, and a post office of Ren-
dall, both designated of Orkney. Its length
is 10 miles ; and its greatest breadth, ex-
clusive of Gairsay, is 4| miles. Real
property in 1880-81, £4102. Pop. 1351.
A group of tame hills, nowhere higher
than about 400 feet, occupies the extreme
north, and terminates there in the bold
promontory of Costahead ; a range of
lower hills extends thence to the southern
boundary, and forms the larger portion of
the entire land ; and a gentle declivity,
from f to 1J mile broad, forms the sea-
board, and is under cultivation. Chief
residences are Burgar House and Rendall
Hall ; and chief antiquities are nine Picts'
houses. The churches are Established,
Free, and Congregational ; and there are
3 public schools with about 165 scholars.

EVIGAN, bay on west side of Stronsay,
Orkney.

EVORT. See Eport.

EWART, island in mouth of Loch Shiel,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

EWE, river, sea-loch, and island in west
of Ross-shire. The river runs west-north-
westward from Loch Maree to head of the
sea-loch at Poolewe, and is short, broad,
and rapid. The sea-loch extends about 7
miles north-by-westward to the Minch,
and has an extreme width of 3| miles.
The island lies near the middle of the sea-
loch, measures nearly 2 miles in length,
and is fertile and well cultivated. Pop. 43.

EWES, rivulet and parish in extreme
north-east of Dumfriesshire. The rivulet
rises among mountains at boundary with
Roxburghshire, and runs about 10 miles
southward to the Esk at Langholm. The
parish comprises the basin of the Ewes to
within If mile of Langholm, and the upper
part of the basin of the Tarras. Its
length is 8 miles ; its greatest breadth
6h miles ; its area 24,941 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £6658. Pop. 337.
The surface consists of mountains and hills
intersected by two vales. The church
contains about 230 sittings, and the public
school is new, and can accommodate 60
scholars.

EWES, head-stream of the Luggate,
Edinburghshire.

EWESDALE, basin of Ewes rivulet, in
Dumfriesshire.

EWIESIDE, hill, with ancient Cale-
donian camp, in Cockburnspath parish,
Berwickshire.

EYE, small river, running about 11 miles
south-eastward and 3^ miles north-east-
ward to the sea at Eyemouth, Berwickshire.

EYE, lake and rivulet in north-east of
Ross-shire. The lake is in Fearn parish,

EYE

174

FAL

and measures about 2 miles in length ; and
the rivulet issues from it, forms a series of
smaller lakes, and enters Moray Firth near
Ballintore village.

EYE, in Lewis. See UlE.

EYEBROCHY, islet in Dirleton parish,
Haddingtonshire.

EYEMOUTH, town and parish on coast
of Berwickshire. The town stands at mouth
of Eye river, miles north-north-east of
Ayton railway station ; was a port in the
time of Alexander n., became notable in
after times for smuggling, and is now the
headquarters of a great fishery district ;
occupies low ground in a gap between two
headlands of a long reach of high rocky
coast ; and has a post office with all de-
partments under Ayton, 2 banking offices,
3 inns, a very fine natural harbour with
breakwater-pier, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, Evangelical Union, and
Methodist churches, and 2 public schools
with accommodation for 600 scholars.
The Free church was erected in 1879 ;
the public schools in 1877. — The par-
ish excludes a small part of the town,
and comprises 1004 acres. Keal property
in 1880-81, £8698. Pop. 2935. The coast
is about 1% mile long, and has an average
height of about 80 feet. The headland on
north side of the town had anciently a fort
of historical note, and commands an ex-
tensive view. The soil of the interior is
arable and fertile.

EYLT, lake in Moydart district, Inver-
ness-shire.

EYNORT, sea-loch, 3 miles long, on east
side of South Uist, Outer Hebrides.

FAD, beautiful lake, of about 400 acres, 2
miles south-west of Rothesay, Bute Island.

FAD, lake, 3 miles north of Portree, Isle
of Skye.

FADA. See Ellan Fada.

FAIFLEY, manufacturing village near
Duntocher, Dumbartonshire. Pop. 187.

FAIL, burn and quondam ancient monas-
tery in Tarbolton parish, Ayrshire. The
burn runs about 5 miles south-south-east-
ward to river Ayr ; and the monastery
stood on it about a mile north-north-west
of Tarbolton village, and is notable for
sarcastic rhymes on its inmates, quoted in
Sir Walter Scott's Abbot.

FAILFORD, place at mouth of Fail burn,
Ayrshire.

FAIRBAIRN, estate, with ruined old
baronial fortalice, in Urray parish, Ross-
shire.

FAIREMHEALL, mountain in Durness
parish, Sutherland.

FAIRFIELD, seat near the Clyde, be-
tween Govan and Renfrew.

FAIRFIELD, seat near Monkton village,
Ayrshire.

FAIRHOLM, seat near Larkhall, Lanark-
shire.

FAIR ISLE, island, nearly midway be-

tween Orkney and Shetland. It measures
upwards of 3 miles by nearly 2 ; is acces-
sible at only one point ; rises into three
lofty promontories ; and has a post office
under Lerwick, and an Established church.
Pop. 214.

FAIRLEY, seat in Newhills parish, Aber-
deenshire.

FAIRLIE, village and headland on Cun-
ningham coast of Ayrshire. The village
stands 3 miles south of Largs ; presents a
pleasant appearance, with neat villas at its
sides ; is overlooked by an old baronial
fortalice ; and has a post office designated
of Ayrshire, the terminal station of a
branch railway opened in 1880, a steam-
boat pier constructed in 1880-81, and
Established and Free churches. Pop.
665. The headland is 5 miles south-
by-west of the village, and flanks north
side of entrance of Ayr Bay.

FAIRLIE, seat in Dundonald parish,
Ayrshire.

FAIRNESS, picturesque spot on Find-
horn river, in Ardclach parish, Nairnshire.

FAIRNEYSIDE, estate in Ayton parish,
Berwickshire.

FAIRNILEE, estate in Galashiels parish,
Selkirkshire.

FAIRNINGTON, hamlet in Roxburgh
parish, Roxburghshire.

FAIRYBRIDGE, place, 3 miles north of
Dunvegan, Isle of Skye.

FAIRY-KNOWE, eminence, with ancient
Caledonian fort, above Bridge of Allan.

FALA, village and parish on south-east
verge of Edinburghshire. The village
stands 15^ miles south-east of Edinburgh ;
has a parochial church, a United Presby-
terian church, and a public school with
about 57 scholars ; and is adjacent to
Blackshiels post office village. — The parish
contains also part of Fala-Dam village, and
is united to the contiguous parish of Soutra
in Haddingtonshire. The united parish
measures about 4 miles by 3, and comprises
3124 acres in Edinburghshire and 2940 in
Haddingtonshire. Real property in 1880-
81, £2698. Pop. 312. The northern
section is level, or slightly undulating, and
nearly all arable and fertile ; but the
southern section, culminating in Soutra
Hill, is a western portion of the Lam-
mermoors, and mostly pastoral. See
Soutra.

FALA-DAM, village, f mile north-west
of Fala village, Edinburghshire.

FALA-HALL, quondam ancient baronial
tower, about \ mile north of Fala village,
Edinburghshire.

FALA-HILL, hamlet in Heriot parish,
Edinburghshire.

FALBEY, lake in Parton parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

FALDONSIDE, seat in Galashiels parish,
Selkirkshire.

FALDSHOPE, hill in Yarrow parish,
Selkirkshire.

FALFEARNIE, head-stream of the South
Esk, in Cortachy parish, Forfarshire.

FAL

175

FAR

FALFIELD, seat in Kilconquhar parish,
Fife.

FALKIRK, town and parish in Stirling-
shire. The town stands 11 miles south-
east of Stirling ; was preceded by a mili-
tary station of Antoninus' "Wall ; took its
name, originally Fallow -Kirk, from a
church founded by Malcolm ill. in 1070 ;
gives name to two famous battles, — the one,
in 1298, on ground now partly covered by
Grahamstown suburb — the other, in 1746,
on ground now traversed by the Union
Canal and the Edinburgh and Glasgow
Railway; was never more than a mere
village till comparatively modern times ;
is now a parliamentary burgh, uniting
with Linlithgow, Airdrie, Hamilton, and
Lanark in sending a member to parlia-
ment ; conducts much business in connec-
tion with a weekly market, annual cattle
'trysts,' and neighbouring mines and
manufactories ; comprises a compact cen-
tre on a slight rising-ground, and strag-
gling disjointed suburbs on encompassing
plain ; has a head post office with all
departments, 2 railway stations, 5 banking
offices, 5 hotels, burgh buildings of 1877,
a town hall of 1879, a spacious modern
parochial church with ancient porch and
steeple, a recent quoad sacra parochial
church, 2 Free churches, 3 United Presby-
terian churches, Congregational, Evangeli-
cal Union, Baptist, Episcopalian, and Roman
Catholic churches, an academy, and 3
public schools ; and publishes 2 news-
papers, one of them weekly, the other
twice a week. Real property of the burgh
in 1880-81, £41,783. Pop. 13,170.— The
parish contains also Laurieston, Barley-
side, and Glen, parts of Carron Ironworks
and Bonnybridge, and most of Grange-
mouth. Its length is 9 miles ; its greatest
breadth 3f miles ; its area 19,551 acres.
Real property in 1880-81 of landward
parts, £20,916. Pop. of the whole, quoad
civilia, 25,061 ; quoad sacra, 11,549. About
a third of the land is flat rich carse ; and
the ground south-westward thence rises
gradually to a maximum height of about
600 feet above sea-level, and is mostly
arable, but includes some moor and moss.
Coal is plentiful, and ironstone, limestone,
and sandstone are found. Chief seats are
Callendar, Kerse, and Bantaskine ; and
chief antiquities are vestiges of Antoninus'
"Wall and remains of Castlecary. 21
schools for 1889 scholars are in the parish,
and 4 of them and an enlargement for
1330 are new.

FALKIRK AND KILSYTH, railway, pro-
jected in 1882, to strike from the North
British near Camelon, to go thence 10
miles west-south- westward to Kilsyth, and
to send off a branch of f mile to the Denny
line, in Stirlingshire.

FALKLAND, town and parish in Cupar
district, Fife. The town stands 2f miles
north-west of Falkland Road railway sta-
tion and 8 south-west of Cupar ; is over-
hung on the south-west by East Lomond

Hill ; was long the capital of the stewartry
of Fife, and a retreat of the Scottish kings
amid a royal hunting forest ; had a castle,
now extinct, in which Prince David, son
of Robert III., suffered fearful cruelty, as
narrated in Sir "Walter Scott's Fair Maid
of Perth; possesses considerable well-
preserved remains of a royal palace ; ranks
as a royal burgh without parliamentary
representation ; and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Ladybank, a banking office, Estab-
lished and Free churches, and a public
school with about 201 scholars. Pop.
972. — The parish contains also Freuchie
town, Newton-of -Falkland and Balmbrae
villages, and small part of Dunshalt. Its
length is 6 miles ; its greatest breadth 4J
miles ; its area 8265 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £15,484. Pop., quoad civilia,
2698 ; quoad sacra, 1581. The surface in-
cludes a portion of the valley of the Eden,
rises southward thence into the Lomond
Hills, descends thence to a low tract on the
southern border, exhibits on the whole a
beautiful diversity, and is adorned in many
parts with wood. The chief seat is Nuthill ;
and chief antiquities are traces of fortifica-
tions on the Lomond Hills. Two public
schools for 535 scholars are in the parish,
and have recent enlargements for 169.

FALKLAND (NEWTON OF), viUage about
a mile east of Falkland, Fife.

FALKLAND ROAD, railway station, 3
miles north of Markinch, Fife.

FALLEN ROCKS, steep rocky landslip,
resembling an avalanche, on north-east
coast of Arran Island, Buteshire.

FALLIGOE, small sea -inlet in Wick
parish, Caithness.

FALLIN, small harbour on the Forth in
St. Ninian's parish, Stirlingshire.

FALLOCH, rivulet, running about 9
miles south-westward and southward to
head of Loch Lomond.

FALLSIDE, railway station, 1| mile east
of Uddingstone, Lanarkshire.

FALSIDE, hill and ancient strong for-
talice, 2 miles east of Inveresk, Edinburgh-
shire.

FALSIDE, seat, 4| miles south-west of
Stonehaven, Kincardineshire.

FANKERTON, village, 2 miles west of
Denny, Stirlingshire.

FANNA, lofty hill on south-east border
of Hobkirk parish, Roxburghshire.

FANNICH, alpine lake 1\ mileslong, engirt
by mountains called Fannich Forest, aver-
agely 18 miles west of Dingwall, Ross-shire.

FANNYSIDE, lake and moor in Cumber-
nauld parish, Dumbartonshire.

FANS, village, 3 miles north-east of Earl-
ston, Berwickshire.

FARA, small island about a mile south-
east of Hoy, Orkney.

FARA, small island between South Uist
and Barra, Outer Hebrides.

FARAY. See Pharay.

FARDLEHILL, village in Kilmaurs parish,
Ayrshire.

FAR

176

FEA

FARE, hill, about 17 miles in circuit,
1545 feet high, averagely 18 miles west-
by-south of Aberdeen. It was the scene
of a battle in the Civil War of 1562.

FARG, rivulet, running about 7 miles
windingly to the Earn, at If mile north-
west of Abernethy, Perthshire.

FARIGAG, rivulet, running about 12
miles tortuously, and traversing a deep
defile, to south-east side of Loch Ness, at
13 miles north-east of Fort - Augustus,
Inverness-shire.

FARKIN, small bay in upper part of
west side of Loch Lomond.

FARME, seat near Rutherglen, Lanark-
shire.

FARNELL, parish, containing Farnell
Road railway station, 6£ miles by railway
south-east of Brechin, Forfarshire. It
has a post office of its own name under
Brechin. Its length is 5 J miles ; its great-
est breadth 3£ miles ; its area 5703 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £8531. Pop.
613. The northern section is flat land,
adjacent to the South Esk ; and the other
sections rise into a hill-ridge of no great
height, and partly moorish. A chief
object is Kinnaird Castle, the seat of the
Earl of Southesk. The church is a hand-
some modern edifice ; and the public
school has about 123 scholars.

FARNUA, ancient parish, now part of
Kirkhill, Inverness-shire.

FAROUTHEAD, promontory, faced with
cliffs from 300 to 400 feet high, and pro-
jecting 3 miles from adjacent coast to a
point 7 miles east-by-south of Cape Wrath,
in Sutherland.

FARR, hamlet and parish in north of
Sutherland. The hamlet lies on the
coast, 25 miles west-by-south of Thurso,
and has a post office under Thurso, an inn,
an ancient monolith, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
136 scholars. The parish measures 33
miles in length, and 10 miles in greatest
breadth. Real property in 1880-81,
£10,198. Pop., quoad civilia, 1930; quoad
sacra, 1140. The coast has, exclusive of
sinuosities, a length of 11 miles ; is high,
rocky, and cavernous ; and includes
Strathy, Armadale, and Farr Heads, and
Strathy and Farr Bays. The interior is
mountainous, and rises to alpine height in
the south, but includes all Strathnaver
and Strathstrathy, and contains consider-
able aggregate of low arable land in these
straths and on the sea-board. The an-
tiquities are standing stones, tumuli,
dunes, and a ruined castle. Established
and Free churches are at Strathy. Five
schools for 355 scholars are in the parish,
and 2 of them and enlargements for 164
are new.

FARR, estate, with post office under
Inverness, mansion, and an ancient Cale-
donian stone circle in Daviot parish,
Inverness-shire.

FARRAGON, mountain in Dull parish,
Perthshire.

FARRALARIE, lake in Golspie parish,
Sutherland.

FARRALINE, mountain lake in Dores
parish, Inverness-shire.

FARRAR, head-stream of Beauly river,
Inverness-shire.

FARSKANE, place, with coast cave and
old chapel, in Rathven parish, Banffshire.

FASBEN, or FASHVEN, mountain, 1504
feet high, in Durness parish, Sutherland.

FASKALLY, seat on the Tummel, near
Pitlochrie, Perthshire.

FASKINE, village and colliery in Old
Monkland parish, Lanarkshire. Pop., with
Palace Craig, 475.

FASLANE, place, with vestiges of ancient
castle and chapel, in Row parish, Dum-
bartonshire.

FASNACLOICH, estate, with post office
under Ledaig, mansion, and lake, on Creran
river, Lorn, Argyleshire.

FASNAKYLE, estate, with mansion,
Roman Catholic modern chapel, and old
chapel and burying-ground, in Strathglass,
Inverness-shire.

FASNEY, affluent of the Whitadder, on
southern border of Haddingtonshire.

FASQUE, seat of Sir Thomas Gladstone,
Bart., 1-J mile north of Fettercairn, Kin-
cardineshire.

FASSERN, seat on north side of upper
part of Loch Eil, Inverness-shire.

FAST CASTLE, quondam crown-fortalice,
now a ruin, 7 miles north-west of Eye-
mouth, Berwickshire. It stands on a
precipitous peninsulated lofty rock, over-
hanging the sea, made a considerable figure
in history, commands an extensive impres-
sive view, and may have suggested to Sir
Walter Scott some features of 'Wolf's
Crag ' in his Bride of Lammermoor.

FATLIPS, conspicuous recently -recon-
structed old castle, on crown of Minto
Crags, Roxburghshire.

FATLIPS, ancient castle, now a frag-
mentary ruin, on south-east skirt of Tinto
Mountain, Lanarkshire.

FAULD, burn, running to the Briech, in
south-west corner of Linlithgowshire.

FAULDHOUSE, town and quoad sacra
parish on Fauld burn, 3 J miles south-
south-west of Whitburn, Linlithgowshire.
The town has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, designated of
Linlithgowshire, a railway station, an
Established church, and a Roman Catholic
chapel. Pop. of town with Crofthead,
3000 ; of quoad sacra parish, 3933.

FAUNGRASS, small affluent of the
Blackadder, at 2 miles west-north-west of
Greenlaw, Berwickshire.

FEA, eminence, with precipitous cavern-
ous sea-front, in Cross section of Sanday
Island, Orkney.

FEACHAN, or FEOCHAN, sea-loch open-
ing from Firth of Lorn at 5} miles south-
by- west of Oban, Argyleshire. It is flanked
by high rocky promontories, and it strikes
about 5 miles, first south-eastward, next
north-eastward, up to fine glen scenery.

FEA

177

FER

FEACHORY, upper reach of Erichkie
river, Perthshire.

FEA-DRUM, north end of hill-range, on
mutual border of Sutherland and Caithness.

FEARN, parish, with church 7\ miles
west of Brechin, Forfarshire. It has a
post office under Brechin. Its length is
5£ miles ; its greatest breadth nearly 3^
miles ; its area 8792 acres. Beal property
in 1880-81, £5183. Pop. 316. About
one-fourth of the surface is part of Strath-
more, and the rest rises to a watershed of
the Grampians, The public school has
about 50 scholars.

FEARN, hamlet and parish on east coast
of Boss. The hamlet lies 3J miles south-
east of Tain, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Boss-shire, a railway station,
a parochial church, a Free church, and a
public school with about 180 scholars.
The parochial church is a reconstructed
part of an ancient abbey in early pointed
architecture, adjoined by a part in state of
ruin. — The parish contains also Hilltown
and Ballintore villages, and measures 2
miles in length and nearly 2 in breadth.
Beal property in 1880-81, £10,467. Pop.
2135. The coast is partly fiat and sandy,
partly bold and rocky; and the interior
includes a few eminences, but is mostly
low and nearly fiat. Interesting objects
are an ancient sculptured pillar, Lochslin
Castle, and vestiges of Cadboll Castle.
There are 3 public schools, all new, for 378
scholars.

FECHLEY, mound, upwards of 60 feet
high, engirt Ly wide deep fosse, and
crowned by vitrified remains of a tower,
in Towie parish, Aberdeenshire.

FEDERATE, ruined ancient fortalice in
New Deer parish, Aberdeenshire.

FELL, small lake in Mochrum parish,
Wigtonshire.

FENDER, burn, running 5 miles from
Benygloe to lower part of the Tilt, in
Athole, Perthshire. It makes three pic-
turesque cascades.

FENDER-BRIDGE, hamlet on Fender
burn, Perthshire. It has a post office
under Blair- Athole.

FENDOCH, Boman camp in Monzie par-
ish, Perthshire.

FENELLA, isolated lofty hill-ridge in
Fordoun parish, Kincardineshire.

FENELLA'S, ruined ancient castle, said
to have been the place where King Ken-
neth III. was murdered, about a mile west
of Fettercairn, Kincardineshire.

FENTON, village in Dirleton parish,
Haddingtonshire.

FENTONBARNS, estate in Dirleton par-
ish, Haddingtonshire.

FENWICK, village and parish in Cun-
ningham, Ayrshire. The village stands on
a rivulet of its own name, 4 miles north-by-
east of Kilmarnock, and has a post office
with money order department under Kil-
marnock, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and a public

school with about 97 scholars. The
parish is about 9 miles long and 6 miles
broad, and comprises 18,134 acres. Real
property in 1879-80, £15,639. Pop. 1152.
The surface slopes gently from boundary
with Benfrewshire to the south-west, and.
lies averagely at considerable elevation
above sea-level, but as seen from distant
hill-tops appears all a plain ; and, at
about middle of 17th century, was re-
garded as moorland, but is now, with
small exception, either in tillage or in
pasture. An interesting place in it is
Lochgoin, very famous in the history of
the Covenanters. There are 3 schools for
207 scholars, and 1 of them for 120 is new.

FENZIES, lake in Lethendy parish,
Perthshire.

FEOCHAN. See Feaohan.

FEOLINE, place on south coast of Jura
Island, with ferry station to Islay, Argyle-
shire.

FEORLIG, farm, with large cairns, near
head of Loch Boag, Isle of Skye.

FERDUN, stream, running southward to
the Luther, Kincardineshire.

FERENEZE, hill-group from 2 to 5 miles
south-west of Paisley, Benfrewshire. They
include Gleniffer and Stanley Braes, have
summits from 700 to about 900 feet high,
and command rich, diversified, extensive
views.

FERGUS, small lake in Ayr parish, Ayr-
shire.

FERGUSHILL, village and colliery in Kil-
winning parish, Ayrshire. The village has
a chapel-of-ease, erected in 1879, and a pub-
lic school with about 268 scholars. Pop. 537.

FERGUSLIE, western suburb of Paisley,
Benfrewshire. The estate on which it
stands belonged to Paisley Abbey, was
divided, and retains vestiges of an ancient
baronial fortalice.

FERGUS (ST.), village and parish belong-
ing to Banffshire, but situated about 17
miles east-south-east of nearest part of
main body of that county. The village
stands on the coast, 5 miles north-north-
west of Peterhead, and has a post office under
Peterhead, Established, Free, and Baptist
churches, and a public school with about
147 scholars. Pop. 241. — The parish con-
tains also Inverugie village, and measures
5J miles in length, 3| miles in greatest
breadth, and 8856 acres in area. Beal
property in 1880-81, £8771. Bop. 1527.
The coast is low and sandy ; the sea-
board is mainly an expanse of rich meadow
or ' links ; ' and the interior is an alterna-
tion of fine rising grounds and vales. A
chief object is the ruin of Inverugie Castle.
4 schools for 299 scholars are in the parish,
and 3 of them for 270 are new.

FERGUS (ST.), ancient parish, now part
of Halkirk, in Caithness.

FERGUSTON, place, with vestiges of
Antoninus' "Wall, in New Kilpatrick
parish, Dumbartonshire.

FERINTOSH, barony in eastern vicinity
of Dingwall, Boss-shire. It belongs to

M

FER

178

FET

Nairnshire, but lies 13 miles west of
nearest part of main body of that county ;
it comprises about 5973 acres ; it had, from
1746 till 1786, the privilege of distilling
whisky from grain of its own growth free
of duty ; and it has now a post office under
Dingwall, and a public school with about

FERNESS*, or FERSNESS, bay and

promontory on west side of Eday Island,
Orkney.

FERNIE, estate, with ancient strong
fortalice, believed to have been a castle
of Macduff, 3 miles west of Cupar, Fife.

FERNIE-EASTER, village near Fernie
Castle, Fife.

FERNIEGAIR, village and colliery be-
tween Hamilton and Larkhall, Lanark-
shire. The village has a railway station,
and a public school, erected in 1876 at a
cost of nearly £4000, with accommodation
for 250 scholars. Pop. 551.

FERNIEHIRST, massive castellated seat
of Marquis of Lothian's ancestors, on Jed
river, 2 miles south of Jedburgh, Rox-
burghshire. It was erected in 1598, and
afterwards enlarged and altered ; and it
occupies the site of a historical castle
erected in 1490 and destroyed in 1570.

FERNIN, place, with post office under
Aberfeldy. Perthshire.

FERNMORE, headland at south side of
entrance of Loch Torridon, Ross- shire.

FERNTOWER, a seat of Lord Aber-
cromby, formerly the seat of the martial
Sir David Eaird, 1^ mile north-north-east
of Crieff, Perthshire.

FERRYBANK, seat in Cupar parish,
Fife.

FERRYDEN, fishing town on South
Esk river, and on Arbroath and Montrose
Pailway, opposite Montrose harbour, For-
farshire. It is suburban to Montrose, and
has a post office under Montrose, and a
public school with about 160 scholars.
Pop. 1514.

FERRY (EAST and WEST). See
Broughty Fekry.

FERRYFIELD, print-works in Vale of
Leven, near Bonhill, Dumbartonshire.

FERRYHILL, south-western suburb of
Aberdeen. It stands at deflection of
Deeside Railway from the Caledonian ;
has a railway station, and Established and
Free churches ; and is main part of a quoad
sacra parish, with pop. of 4941.

FERRYHILL, peninsula at North Queens-
ferry, Fife.

FERRY (LITTLE and MEIKLE), ferries
on Dornoch Firth, 7 and 3 miles west-
north-west of Tain, Ross-shire.

FERRY- PORT -ON -CRAIG, town and
parish in extreme north-east of Fife.
The town stands on Fixth of Tay, oppo-
site Broughty Ferry ; sprang from an
ancient ferry ; took the alternative name
of Tayport at formation of the Edinburgh,
Perth, and Dundee Railway ; acquired
then extensive harbour-works and station-
buildings for the railway's communication

with Broughty Ferry ; became afterwards
a sea-bathing resort ; and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, of the name of Tayport, Fife, a
banking office, a hotel, Established, Free,
and United Presbyterian churches, and a
new public school with accommodation for
576 scholars. — The parish measures 4 miles
in length, 1| mile in extreme breadth, and
2758 acres in area. Real property in
1880-81, £10,360. Pop. 2818. The coast
extends round Tentsmoor Point to the
German Ocean ; and the land is low
and flat in the east, but high and rocky in
the west.

FESHIE, river rising among the Central
Grampians, and running about 25 miles,
chiefly northward, down a picturesque
glen to the Spey, opposite Alvie church,
Inverness-shire.

FESHIE -BRIDGE, hamlet on Feshie
river, Inverness-shire. It has a post
office under Kingussie.

FETHELAND, islet in Northmaven parish,
Shetland.

FETHERAY. See Fiddrie.

FETLAR, island, 3 miles east of YeU,
and 4 south of Unst, Shetland. It mea-
sures about 3£ miles by 2; is much
indented round its coast ; presents a
bare, tumulated surface, nowhere higher
than about 300 feet ; forms a quoad sacra
parish; and has a post office under Ler-
wick, Established, and Free churches, and
a public school. Pop. 431.

FETLAR AND NORTH YELL, parish
comprising Fetlar Island and northern
part of Yell, in Shetland. Real property
in 1880-81, £1878. Pop. 1252.— The Yell
portion contains Gloup, Midbrake, and
G_reenbank seats, and some antiquities ;
and, as to coast and surface, will be noticed
in our account of Yell. The church in it
is modern, and contains 327 sittings. Four
schools for 234 scholars are in the parish,
and 3 of them for 180 are new.

FETTERANGUS, village, 2 miles north-
north-west of Mintlaw, Aberdeenshire. It
has a post office under Mintlaw. Pop. 364.

FETTERCAIRN, village and parish on
south-west border of Kincardineshire.
The village stands 4£ miles west-by-
north of Laurencekirk, and has a post
office with all departments under
Laurencekirk, a banking office, 2 inns,
Established and Free churches, and a
public school with about 96 scholars.
Pop. 398. — The parish measures 8 miles
by 4£, and comprises 13,728 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £12,128. Pop. 1503.
The surface includes part of the Lower
Grampians and part of the How of Mearns ;
and is bounded for 5 miles, on the south-
west and south, by the North Esk. Chief
seats are Fettercairn House, Fasque, and
Burn ; and a chief antiquity is Fenella's
Castle. An Episcopalian chapel is at
Fasque. Four schools for 465 scholars
are in the parish, and one of them for
120 is new.

FET

179

FIN

FETTERESSO, parish, containing Skate-
row village and part of Stonehaven town,
on coast of Kincardineshire. Its length is
8f miles ; its greatest breadth 5£ miles ;
its area 27,245 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £36,276. Pop., quoad civilia,
5541 ; quoad sacra, 3093. Carron river
traces the southern boundary, and Cowie
river runs across the southern district.
The tracts adjacent to these streams are
low, rich, and beautiful ; but the surface
to the north of them is irregular, diversi-
fied with hills, and partly bleak. Chief
seats are Fetteresso Castle, Ury, Rickar-
ton, Muchalls, Elsick, Netherby, Cowie,
Berryhill, and Newhall ; and chief antiqui-
ties are Thane's Castle, a Roman camp,
and numerous ancient Caledonian monu-
ments. The parochial church stands near
Stonehaven, and contains 1600 sittings ;
quoad sacra parochial churches are at
Cookney and Rickarton ; a United Presby-
terian church is in Stonehaven ; and an
Episcopalian chapel is at Muchalls. 12
schools for 1053 scholars are in the parish,
and 3 of them and an enlargement for
652 are new.

FETTERNEAR, estate, with mansion
and Roman Catholic chapel, on the Don,
in Chapel of Garioch parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

FEUGH, rivulet, running about 12 miles
north-north-eastward to the Dee, at Ban-
chory, Kincardineshire.

FEWN, lake, 3£ miles south-east of
Inver, south-west border of Sutherland.

FIAG, lake, glen, and burn 7 miles
southward to Loch Shin, Sutherland.

FIDDICK, rivulet, running about 12
miles curvingly toward the north to the
Spey, near Craigellachie, Banffshire.

FIDDLER, burn and ravine in Carluke
parish, Lanarkshire.

FIDDRIE, or FETHERAY, rocky islet,
with ruins of small chapel, off Dirleton
coast, Haddingtonshire.

FIELD-CRAIGHTON, hamlet in New
Kilpatrick parish, Dumbartonshire.

FIFE. See Fifeshire.

FIFE-KEITH, section or suburb of Keith
town, Banffshire.

FIFENESS, headland at eastern extrem-
ity of Fife, flanking north side of entrance
of Firth of Forth.

FIFESHIRE, or FIFE, peninsular mari-
time county, between Firth of Tay and
Firth of Forth. It measures, exclusive of
sinuosities, 18 miles along Firth of Tay,
13| miles along German Ocean, 41 miles
along Firth of Forth, and 24 miles along
landward border, and comprises 513 square
miles. The north coast is mostly a gentle
slope; the east coast partly flat sandy
beach, partly rocky ; the south coast
mostly a series of indentation, projection,
and curvature by small bays and headlands.
The western border includes a skirt of the
Ochil Hills, contains most of the Lomond
Hills, part of Binarty Hill, and all the
Saline Hills, and is much and pleasantly

diversified. The middle and eastern sec-
tions are mostly valley and undulation,
but contain many rising - grounds, some
considerable softly - featured hills, and
occasional bold broken heights, and may
be regarded as a good epitome of the best
portions of the Scottish Lowlands. The
chief rivers are the Eden and the Leven.
Carboniferous rocks underlie a large por-
tion of the area, and are rich in coal and
limestone. About four-fifths of the land
are arable, and in well-cultivated condi-
tion. Linen manufacture is a prominent
industry, and has great celebrity in its
damask department at Dunfermline.
Commerce is carried on at numerous
ports, especially on the Forth, and is
prominent at the head port of Kirkcaldy
and the sub-port of Burntisland. Fish-
eries also are extensive, and have head-
quarters at Anstruther. The towns with
each more than 5000 inhabitants are
Dunfermline, Kirkcaldy, Cupar, and St.
Andrews ; with each more than 2000 are
Burntisland, Anstruther, Dysart, Buck-
haven, Auchtermuchty, Leslie, Leven,
Lochgelly, Newhurgh, and Ferry-Port-on-
Craig ; with each more than 1000 are
Inverkeithing, Kinghorn, Pittenweem,
St. Monance, "West Wemyss, Markinch,
Freuchie, Cowdenbeath, and Crail ; and
the villages with each more than 300
amount to sixty - one. The territory
belonged to the Caledonian Horestii ; was
overrun by the Romans ; became a promi-
nent portion of Pictavia ; passed early to
the Scoto-Saxon kings ; became subject to
the Thanes or Earls of Fife ; made some
figure in the wars of the Succession, and a
very great figure in the Reformation ; is
now sometimes popularly called the King-
dom of Fife; and has given, since 1759,
the title of earl to the family of Duff.
Monuments of all its old times are numer-
ous and various ; and specially interesting
ones are at Dunfermline, St. Andrews, and
Falkland. Real property in 1880-81,
£757,274. Pop., in 1871, 159,630; in
1881, 171,960.

FIGGET,burn , running nor thward to Firth
of Forth at Portobello, Edinburghshire.

FILLAN, highest head-stream of the
Tay, running 10 miles eastward down
Strathfillan to head of Glendochart,
Perthshire.

FILLAN'S (ST.), village on the Earn, 5^
miles west of Comrie, Perthshire. It has
a post office under Crieff, a hotel, a Free
church, and a public school. St. Fillan's
Hill, £ mile east-south-east of the village,
is verdant, conical, and about 600 feet
high, terminates in a rock called St.
Fillan's Chair, and commands a unique
and very striking view.

FINAVON. See Finhaven.

FINCASTLE, section of Dull parish, on
north side of the Tummel, 5^ miles north-
west of Pitlochrie, Perthshire. It has a
post office under Pitlochrie, a mansion of
its own name, and ruins of about 15 ancient

FIN

180

FIN

castles, and it gives the title of viscount
to the Earl of Dunmore.

FINDAYNATE, seat on the Tay, between
Logierait and Weem, Perthshire.

FINDHORN, river, rising on Monadhleadh
Mountains in Inverness-shire, running to
Moray Firth in Elginshire, traversing rich
variety of picturesque scenery, forming in
its lowest reach a lageon 3 miles long, and
making a total run of 57 miles measured
in straight Jine north - eastward, but of
about 85 miles along its bed. Its Gaelic
name is Erne, and its mountain vale is
called Strathdern.

FINDHORN, village on right side of
mouth of Findhorn river, 5 miles north-
by-east of Forres, Elginshire. It has a
post office under Forres, a Free church,
and a public school with about 114 scholars.
Pop. 605.

FINDLATER, ruined strong ancient
castle, on peninsulated sea-cliff 4 miles
west of Portsoy, Banffshire. It gave the
title of earl, from 1683 till 1811, to the
family of Ogilvie.

FINDLAY-SEAT, hill, 1116 feet high, 4§
miles south-east of Elgin.

FINDOCHTY, fishing-village, 3^ miles
west of Cullen, Banffshire. It has a well-
sheltered harbour, and a United Presby-
terian church. Pop. 936.

FINDOGASK. See Gask.

FINDON,i estate on Cromarty Firth, 5
miles north-north-east of Dingwall, Ross-
shire.

FINDON, or FINNAN, fishing-village, 6
miles south-west of Aberdeen. It gave name
to the famous dried haddock. Pop. 156.

FINDRACK, seat in Lumphanan parish,
Aberdeenshire.

FINDRASSIE, estate in New Spynie
parish, Elginshire.

FINE. See Fyne.

FINGAL'S CAVE. See Staffa.

FINGAL'S FORT, ancient circular struc-
ture in ELillean parish, Argyleshire.

FINGAL'S FORT, or KNOCKFIN, bold
high crag, crowned with double concentric
ancient structure, figuring conspicuously
in Strathglass, Inverness-shire.

FINGAL'S SEAT. See Ait-Suidh-
Thuin.

FINGAL'S STEPS, acclivitous natural
stair on shoulder of lofty mountain in
Morvern parish, Argyleshire.

FINGASK, a seat of Sir Patrick M.
Thriepland, Bart., in Kilspindie parish,
Perthshire. It is a castellated edifice,
partly ancient, partly modern.

FINGASK, seat in Daviot parish, Aber-
deenshire.

FINGASK, seat in Kirkhill parish, In-
verness-sbire.

FINGLAND, hill and cascade of about 56
feet, in Eskdalemuir parish, Dumfriesshire.

FINGLEN, picturesque glen, with burn
and cascade, in Campsie parish, Stirling-
shire.

FINGLETON, estate in Mearns parish,
Renfrewshire.

FINHAVEN, hamlet, fragment of ancient
noble castle, hill-range with vitrified fort,
and estate, in Oathlaw parish, Forfar-
shire. That parish itself was formerly
called Finhaven.

FINK (ST.), site of extinct hamlet, with
vestiges of ancient chapel, 2f miles east-
north-east of Blairgowrie, Perthshire.

FINLAGAN, lake in centre of Islay
Island, Argyleshire. It measures about 3
miles in circuit, and has an islet with
ruined ancient castle of the Lords of the
Isles.

FINLARIG, ruined ancient noble castle
on north-west side of upper part of Loch
Tay, Perthshire. It figures in Sir,Walter
Scott's Fair Maid of Perth.

FINLAS, stream running to Loch Lo-
mond, in Luss parish, Dumbartonshire.

FINLAYS, remnant of old castle in
Nairn parish, Nairnshire.

FINLAYSTON, seat in Kilmalcolm
parish, Renfrewshire.

FINNAN. See Findon and Glen-
finnan.

FINNAN (ST.), small island, with ruins
of ancient church, in Loch Shiel, on
mutual border of Argyleshire and Inver-
ness-shire.

FINNART, glen, descending eastward to
Loch Long, at Ardentinny, Argyleshire.

FINNART, seat and mountain on east
side of Loch Long, in Row parish, Dum-
bartonshire.

FINNART, headland at mouth of Loch
Ryan, at south-west extremity of Ayrshire.

FINNIESTON, suburb of Glasgow on the
Clyde, to the west of Anderston. It has
a Free church founded in 1877, estimated
to cost £11,250, and a public school with
about 643 scholars.

FINNYFOLD, village in Cruden parish,
Aberdeenshire.

FINSLAY, place, with public school, in
Harris, Outer Hebrides.

FINSTOWN, hamlet, 6 miles west-north-
west of Kirkwall, Orkney. It has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Orkney.

FINTRAY, parish, with church, on left
side of the Don, 8 miles west of Aberdeen.
It has a post office under Aberdeen. Its
length along the Don is nearly 6 miles ;
its greatest length northward is nearly 5
miles ; its area is 7319 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £8299. Pop. 1032. The
surface rises gradually from the Don,
declines again toward the north, and is
nowhere higher than about 300 feet.
Fintray House is a seat of Sir William
Forbes, Bart. The church is modern, and
has nearly 800 sittings. There are 2
schools for 240 scholars, and 1 of them
and an enlargement for 177 are new.

FINTRY, village and parish in Stir-
lingshire. The village stands on
Endrick river, 6 miles east-south-east
of Balfron, and has a post office under
Glasgow, a parochial church, and a
public school. — The parish contains also

FIN

181

FLE

Gonochan and Clachan villages, and mea-
sures about 6 miles by 5. Acres, 13,772.
Real property in 1880-81, £5252. Pop.
414. The surface consists of three
groups of the Lennox Hills and two
intersecting vales, and exhibits much
picturesqueness. The Endrick rises in
the northern group, called distinctively
Fintry, Hills ; and it makes a detour to
the east, acquires force and volume on
turning to the west, and makes a leap of
90 feet, called Loup of Fintry. An old,
strong, historical castle stood on south
side of Fintry Hills, gives the title of
baron to the Duke of Montrose, and is
now reduced to mere vestiges. Calcreuch
House, at west extremity of Fintry Hills,
is an interesting mansion. The parochial
church is modern, and contains 500
sittings. There are 3 schools for 234
scholars, and 1 of them for 90 is new.

FINTRY, extinct ancient strong castle
in Mains parish, Forfarshire.

FINTRY, place in Turriff parish, Aber-
deenshire. It has a public school with
about 83 scholars.

FINYEAN, seat in Birse parish, Aber-
deenshire.

FIOGHAN, mountain in Balquhidder
parish, Perthshire.

FIONN, lake, 7 miles long, in Greinord
district, west coast, Ross-shire. It has
winding shores, and is engirt by grand
mountains.

FIONNCHAIRN, ruined ancient castle
on Loch Awe, in Glassary parish, Argyle-
shire.

FIR, burn running to the Lossie in
Dallas parish, Elginshire.

FIRDON, rivulet running to the sea in
Applecross parish, Ross-shire.

FIRHALL, seat in Nairn parish, Nairn-
shire.

FIRKIN, headland on west side of Loch
Lomond, 3§ miles south-by-east of Tarbet,
Dumbartonshire.

FIRMOUTH, lofty mountain in Glen-
tanner, south border of Aberdeenshire.

FIRTH AND STENNESS, conjoint parish
in south-west of Orkney. It lies mainly
in Pomona, averagely 6£ miles north-east
of Stromness, but includes the islets of
Damsay and Holm of Grimbister ; and it
has a post office of Stenness, designated
of Orkney. Its length is 8| miles ; its
greatest breadth 3J miles. Real property
in 1880-81, £3246. Pop., quoad civilia,
1362 ; quoad sacra, 713. The surface is
mostly moorish. The only seat is Burness.
Stenness lake and ancient monuments are
striking features, but will be separately
noticed. The churches are 2 Established, 2
Free, and 1 United Presbyterian. There
are 2 schools for 260 scholars, and 1 of
them and an enlargement for 183 are new.

FIRTHS, voe or bay in Delting parish,
Shetland.

FISHCROSS, village in Clackmannan
parish, Clackmannanshire. Pop. 114.
FISHERIE, place, 1\ miles from Turriff,

Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Turriff.

FISHERROW, section of Musselburgh,
on left bank of the Esk, Edinburghshire.
It is mainly a fishing town, but includes
Musselburgh harbour, has a post office
with money order department under
Musselburgh, and contains North Esk
Established church, a United Presbyterian
church, and a public school with about
183 scholars. Pop. 4356.

FISHERTON, fishing hamlet, and quoad
sacra parish, 6 miles south-west of Ayr.
Pop. of the parish, 609.

FISHERTOWN, section of Cullen town,
Banffshire.

FISH-HOLM, islet in Delting parish,
Shetland.

FISHLIN, islet, 6 miles south of Yell,
Shetland.

FISHWICK, ancient parish, now part of
Hutton, Berwickshire.

FITFUL HEAD, bold promontory, 929
feet high, 5J miles north-west of Sum-
burgh Head, Shetland.

FITHIE, lake in Forfar parish, Forfarshire.

FITHIE, rivulet, running about 9 miles
south-eastward to lower part of the Dighty,
Forfarshire.

FITTICKS (ST.), ancient church or parish
now called Nigg, Kincardineshire.

FITTIE, lake, 3 miles north-north-east of
Dunfermline, Fife.

FITTY, hill in Westray island, Orkney.

FIVE-MILE-HOUSE, place, 3 miles from
Lochee, Forfarshire. It has a post office
under Dundee.

FLADDA, island between Raasay and
Rona, 11 miles north-east of Portree, in
Skye, Inverness-shire. Pop. 54.

FLADDA, island between North Uist and
Benbecula, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 87.

FLADDA, island at mouth of Loch
Resort, Harris, Outer Hebrides.

FLADDA, islet in Barra parish, Outer
Hebrides.

FLADDA, islet, 4-| miles south-east of
Aird Point, Isle of Skye.

FLADDA, one of the Treshinish isles,
near Mull, Argyle shire.

FLADDA-CHUAIN, islet, 6 miles north-
west of Aird Point, Isle of Skye.

FLANDERS, tract of about 10,000 acres
extending 13 miles eastward along the
Forth to vicinity of Stirling. It was
formerly all moss, — became so by destruc-
tion of great forest in time of the Romans ;
and has with vast labour and skill been
extensively reclaimed.

FLANNAN, or FLANNEL, group of seven
isles, with vast flocks of sea-fowl and
remains of what are called Druidical
temples, 15 miles west-north-west of
Gallan-Head, in Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

FLASHEDDAR, section of Duirinish
parish, Isle of Skye.

FLAWCRAIG, hamlet in Kinnaird parish,
Perthshire.

FLEET, small river running about 12
miles southward and expanding into fine

FLE 182 FOR

bay 3J miles long, in western division of
Kirkcudbrightshire.

FLEET, small river running about 11
miles south-eastward, expanding into tidal
lagoon 4^- miles long and about a mile
wide, and going thence 1^ mile eastward
to Dornoch Firth, in south-east of Suther-
land. A mound with public road crosses
the lagoon ; has arches and sluices for the
water-way ; and was constructed in 181 6
at a cost of £12,500.

FLEMINGTON, village near Strathavon,
Lanarkshire. Pop. 691.

FLEMINGTON, seat, lake, and two
estates in Petty parish, Inverness-shire.

FLEMINGTON, strong, stately, old cas-
tellated mansion in Aberlemno parish,
Forfarshire.

FLEMINGTON, three conjoint places in
Ay ton parish, Berwickshire.

FLEMINGTON, burn running to the
Lyne in Newlands parish, Peeblesshire.

FLEURS. See FLOORS.

FLINT, lofty hill in Stobo parish, Peebles-
shire.

FLISK, parish on Firth of Tay averagely
3 miles east-by-north of Newburgh, on north
border of Fife. Its post town is Cupar.
Its length is fully 4 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 1^ mile ; its area 2614 acres.
Keal property in 1880-81, £4436. Pop.
259. The surface is nearly level adja-
cent to the firth, and rises thence rapidly
into part of a hill-range about 750 feet
high. A chief object is Ballanbreich
Castle. The churches are Established and
Free ; and the public school has accommo-
dation for 71 scholars.

FLOAT, small bay in Stoneykirk parish,
Wigtonshire.

FLOAT-MOSS, long reach of low fre-
quently-overflooded meadow-land on the
Clyde, in Pettinain, Carnwath, and Car-
stairs parishes, Lanarkshire.

FLODDA. See FLADDA.

FLOORS, chief seat of the Duke of Rox-
burghe, adjacent to the Tweed, about a
mile west of Kelso, Roxburghshire. It
was erected in 1718, is in the Tudor
style, and has rich grounds and gardens.

FLOORS, pleasant low hill-range in
Avondale parish, Lanarkshire.

FLORIDA, part of Prospect Hill village,
near Queen's Park, suburban to Glasgow.

FLOTTA, island near mouth of Long-
hope, 10 miles south-south-east of Strom-
ness, Orkney. It measures 3|? miles by
3; is famous as the place where the old
Scottish topographical work called Codex
Flotticensis was written ; and has a post
office under Stromness, a good harbour,
and an Established church.

FLOTTA-CALF, islet near Flotta, Orkney.

FLOWERDALE, a seat of Sir Kenneth S.
Mackenzie, Bart., at head of Gairloch, in
Ross-shire.

FLOWERHILL, quoad sacra parish, with
church in Airdrie, Lanarkshire. Pop. 4127.

FLUDHA, seat near Kirkcudbright.

FOCHABERS, town on the Spey, adjacent

to Gordon Castle, 4 miles north-east of a
railway station of its own name, and 9 by
road south-east-by-east of Elgin. It has a
head post office with all departments, 2
banking offices, 3 good inns, Established,
Free, Episcopalian, and Roman Catholic
churches, and Milne's free school erected in
1846 from a bequest of £20,000. Pop. 1189.

FODDERTY, parish, containing Strath-
peffer Spa and post office, Auchterneid and
Keithtown villages, and most of Mary-
burgh, in Ross-shire. Its length is 15
miles ; its breadth 9 miles. Real property
in 1880-81, £12,584. Pop., quoad civilia,
2047 ; quoad sacra, 1880. The surface
includes Strathpeffer valley, but elsewhere
infringes on Benwyvis, and is very moun-
tainous. A chief seat is Castle Leod ; and
a chief antiquity is a large vitrified fort on
Knockfarrel. The churches are 2 Estab-
lished and 2 Free ; and there are 3 schools
with accommodation for 332 scholars.

FOFFARTY, estate in Kinnettles parish,
Forfarshire.

FOGO, parish, with hamlet of its own
name, 3i miles south-south- west of Dunse,
Berwickshire. Its post town is Dunse.
Its length is 5 miles ; its greatest breadth
scarcely 1\ miles ; its area 4652 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £7955. Pop.
468. The surface consists of two low
parallel ridges, separated by the Black-
adder. The seats are Caldra and Charter-
hall, and the only antiquity is the vestige
of a Roman camp. The public school has
accommodation for 123 scholars.

FOINAVEN, massive ridgy mountain,
3015 feet high, in Edderachyllis parish,
Sutherland.

FOINVEN, mountain, 6J miles east of
Kinlochewe, Ross-shire.

FOLDA, place, 13 miles north-by-west of
Alyth, Perthshire. It has a post office
under Alyth.

FOLLART, sea-loch, more commonly
called Dunvegan, in west of Skye island.

FOODIE, hill in Dairsie parish, Fife.

FOOTDEE, suburb or section of Aberdeen.

FOPACHY, harbour in Kirkhill parish,
Inverness-shire.

FORBES, old parish, now united to
Tullynessle, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Aberdeen, and it gives the peer-
age title of baron to the family of Forbes,
whose seat is Castle-Forbes, in Keig parish.

FORD, village, 10^ miles south-east of
Edinburgh. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Dalkeith, and a United Presbyterian church.

FORD, hamlet on Loch Awe, in Glassary
parish, Argyleshire. It has a post office
under Lochgilphead, and a public school
with about 43 scholars.

FORD, hamlet on south-west border of
Forfarshire, near Coupar- Angus.

FORDEL, village in Dalgetty parish, Fife.
Pop. 488. Collieries, Fordel mansion, and a
wooded glen with cascade are in its vicinity.

FORDER, burn in Marykirk parish,
Kincardineshire.

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FORDOUN, village and parish in Kin-
cardineshire. The village stands 2 miles
north-west of a railway station of its
own name, and 4£ north-north-east of
Laurencekirk, and has a head post office
with all departments, a hotel, Established
and Free churches, and 2 public schools
with about 172 scholars. The parish con-
tains .also Auchinblae village, measures
about 9£ miles in length and 7 in greatest
breadth, and comprises 26,869 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £23,221. Pop. 1992.
The surface includes part of the How of
Mearns, and ascends thence, in diversity
of hills with intersecting vales, to a water-
shed of the Lower Grampians. The chief
seats are Fordoun House, Phesdo, Mon-
boddo, and Drunitochty ; and the chief
antiquities are Kincardine Castle ruins,
part of a Roman camp, and remains of
two ancient Caledonian stone circles. For-
doun was the residence of the author of
the Scoto-Chronicon, and the birthplace of
the Protestant martyr George Wishart.
Public schools are at Auchinblae and
Tipperty.

FORDYCE, village and parish on coast
of Banffshire. The village stands on a
burn of its own name, 3 miles south-west
of Portsoy, and has a post office under
Banff, Established and Free churches, and
2 public schools with about 164 scholars.
Pop. 331. — The parish contains also the
town of Portsoy, and the villages of Sand-
end and Newmills ; and it measures about
6 miles along the coast and 8 miles inland,
and comprises 17,198 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £18,977. Pop., quoad civilia,
4289 ; quoad sacra, 1976. The coast is some-
what bold, rocky, and . cavernous, but in-
cludes the bays of Portsoy and Sandend.
The interior presents considerable variety
of hill and dale, and has summits about
700 and 1030 feet high. A chief seat is
Glassaugh, and chief antiquities are Find-
later Castle and remains of a Scandinavian
camp. Established, Free, United Presby-
terian, Episcopalian, and Roman Catholic
churches are at Portsoy. 10 schools for
889 scholars are in the parish, and 1 of
them and enlargements for 288 are new.

FOREBANK, part of Hilltown suburb
of Dundee.

FOREHOLM, small island in Sandsting
parish, Shetland.

FOREMAN, wooded lofty hill, with ex-
tensive view, adjacent to the Deveron, on
north-western verge of Aberdeenshire.

FORENESS, peninsula in Sandsting par-
ish, Shetland.

FORESTFIELD, railway station, 6 miles
east of Airdrie, Lanarkshire.

FORESTMILL, hamlet, 3| miles north-
east of Clackmannan, Clackmannanshire.
It has a public school with about 64
scholars.

FORFAR, town and parish in central
part of Forfarshire. The town stands 32^
miles north-east of Perth ; sprang from an
ancient royal castle, figuring in the time of

Malcolm Canmore, and demolished in 1307 ;
is near a lake about a mile long, with
quondam island, now a peninsula, be-
lieved to have been a retreat of Malcolm
Canmore's queen ; ranks now as the capital
of Forfarshire, and as a royal and par-
liamentary burgh ; unites with Arbroath,
Brechin, Montrose, and Bervie in sending
a member to Parliament ; consists of
irregularly-aligned streets, with many good
modern houses ; carries on some manufac-
ture and much general business ; publishes
a weekly newspaper ; and has a head post
office with all departments, a railway
station, 6 banking offices, 5 hotels, county
buildings founded in 1873, court-houses of
1871, a handsome town hall, a public hall
of 1871, a steepled parochial church, a
quoad sacra parochial church, 2 Free
churches (one of them an early English
edifice of 1880), United Presbyterian, Con-
gregational, and Baptist churches, a costly
elegant Episcopalian church of 1881, a
burgh academy, 4 public schools, a female
industrial school, a free library of 1871, an
infirmary, and waterworks projected in
1877 and estimated to cost £37,000. Pop.
of the burgh, 12,817. — The parish contains
also Carseburn and Lunanhead villages,
and measures 5 miles by 4 J. Acres, 8353.
Real property in 1880-81 of burgh, £34,861 ;
of landward part, £15,793. Pop., quoad
civilia, 14,470; quoad sacra, 10,558. The
surface is part of Strathmore, and presents
a level appearance, but is diversified by num-
erous rising-grounds and two small hills.
The only mansion is Lower, and the chief
antiquities are ruins of Restennet Priory
and remains of two Roman camps. 8
schools for 2401 scholars are in the parish,
and portions of them for 967 are new.

FORFAR (ST. JAMES), quoad sacra par-
ish with church in Forfar. Pop. 3882.

FORFARSHIRE, or ANGUS, county,
bordered by German Ocean from North
Esk river to Firth of Tay. Its length is
38 miles ; its greatest breadth 36 miles ;
its coast-line 23 miles on the ocean, and
12| on the Tay ; its circuit about 150
miles ; its area 890 square miles. The
coast in parts between Montrose and
Arbroath is rocky, in other parts is
mostly low. The interior consists of four
parallel and very diverse districts : first, a
rich champaign, from 3 to 9 miles broad,
with pleasant diversity of surface on the
east ; next, the greater portion of the Sid-
law Hills, from 3 to 6 miles broad, with
intersecting glens and hollows ; next, the
central reach of Strathmore, here called
the How of Angus, from 4 to 6 miles
broad, diversified by gentle eminences ;
next, the Benchinnan Mountains, from 9
to 15 miles broad, rising tier behind tier,
with intervening glens and ravines, to
summits of the Grampians 3180 and 3250
feet high. The chief rivers are the North
Esk, the South Esk, and the Lunan,
running to the ocean ; the Dighty, running
to Firth of Tay ; and the Isla, rising on

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north-west border of Benchinnan Moun-
tains, tracing western boundary of How of
Angus, and departing into Perthshire ;
and all of them together are worth less to
the county than the Firth of Tay. The
rocks have much interest for geologists,
but, except in pavement nag, have very
little for economists. Agricultural im-
provement was late and slow, but became
vigorous and skilful. Textile manufacture,
especially in coarse linens, is very promi-
nent, and gives vast employment in the
chief towns. Commerce also is flourishing,
and has head ports at Dundee, Arbroath,
and Montrose. The towns with each more
than 10,000 inhabitants are Dundee,
Arbroatb, Montrose, Forfar, and Lochee ;
with each more than 5000 are Brechin and
Broughty Ferry ; with each more than
2000 are Kirriemuir and Carnoustie ; with
each more than 1000 are Ferry den and
Friockheim ; and the villages with each
more than 300, are Letham, Monifieth,
Newtyle, Edzell, Auchmithie, Glammis,
Northmuir, Hillside, Craigo, Claverhouse,
and Muirhead. The Caledonians, the
Romans, the Picts, and the Anglo-Saxons
figured in Forfarshire in a similar way as
in other counties north of the Forth, and
all of them have left in it some interesting
antiquities. Real property in 1880-81,
£639,282. Pop. in 1871, 237,567 ; in 1881,
265,374.

FORGAN, parish, containing Newport
post town, and Woodhaven and Marytown
villages, on north coast of Fife, opposite
Dundee. Its coast length is about 3J
miles ; its greatest length nearly 6 miles ;
its greatest breadth fully 2 miles ; its area
4983 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£26,027. Pop., quoad civilia, 3308 ; quoad
sacra, 1533. The coast is mostly bold or
rocky, with average height of about 40
feet. The interior is mostly undulating,
but includes several vales and two small
hills, and presents a charming appearance.
The seats are St. Fort, Tayfield, and numer-
ous villas ; and the antiquities are several
tumuli. The churches are Established,
Free, and Congregational ; and the schools
are 5, with accommodation for 457 scholars.

FORGANDENNY, village in Perthshire,
and parish partly also in Kinross-shire.
The village stands 4 miles south-west of
Perth, and has a post office under Bridge
of Earn, a railway station, an Established
church, a Free church, and a public school
with about 86 scholars. The parish con-
tains also Path of Condie hamlet, and
measures about 8 miles by 3£. Acres in
Perthshire, 7732 ; in Kinross-shire, 1214.
Real property in 1880-81, £8263 and £621.
Pop. 617 and 10. The northern sec-
tion is part of the rich valley of the Earn,
and the other sections, comprising fully
three-fourths of the entire surface, are
part of the Ochil Hills. The seats are
Freeland, Rossie, and Condie ; and the
antiquities are remains or vestiges of
three extensive fortifications. A United

Presbyterian church and a public school
are at Path of Condie.

FORGE, seat in Canonbie parish, Dum-
friesshire.

FORGEBRAEHEAD, village in Canonbie
parish, Dumfriesshire.

FORGLEN, parish on north-east border
of Bantfshire, adjacent to Turriff. It has
a post office under Turriff. Its length is
5^ miles ; its breadth 3| miles ; its area
6249 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£5451. Pop. 744.^ The surface slopes to
the Deveron, and is diversified with gentle
rising-grounds. The mansions are For-
glen House and Carnousie, — the former a
seat of Sir Robert J. Abercromby, Bart. ;
and the antiquities are two barrows and
remains of a religious house. The churches
are Established and Free ; and the schools
are a new one and an enlarged one with
accommodation for 205 scholars.

FORGUE, parish, with church hamlet
7 miles north-east of Huntly, on north
border of Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Huntly. Its length is about
9 miles ; its greatest breadth about 6
miles ; its area 17,354 aores. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £13,538. Pop., quoad
civilia, 2422; quoad sacra, 1303. The
surface includes the lofty, wooded, conical
hill of Foreman, and is elsewhere a pleas-
ing assemblage of knolls, vales, and mea-
dows. The seats are Frendraught,
Cobairdy, Haddo, Corse, Drumblair,
Auchaber, Templeland, and Boyne's-Mill ;
and the antiquities are remains of Fren-
draught Castle, and vestiges of a Roman
redoubt and ancient Caledonian stone
circles. The churches are 2 Established,
a Free, and an Episcopalian, — one of the
Established at Ythan- Wells ; and the
schools, exclusive of 2 in Ythan-Wells, are
3, with accommodation for 276 scholars, and
1 of them and a class-room for 130 are new.

FORMALL, lofty wooded hill overhang-
ing Lintrathen Loch, on west border of
Forfarshire. ,

FORMARTINE, ancient district, of 280
square miles, between Buchan and Garioch,
Aberdeenshire. It gives the title of vis-
count to the Earl of Aberdeen.

FORMARTINE AND BUCHAN RAIL-
WAY, amalgamated part of Great North
of Scotland railway system.

FORNETH, seat on Loch Clunie, and
neighbouring place with post office under
Blairgowrie, Perthshire.

FORNIGHTY, place in Ardclach parish,
Nairnshire.

FORRES, town and parish in north-west
of Elginshire. The town stands at a great
junction of Highland Railway, amid charm-
ing environs, 24| miles east-north-east of
Inverness ; is thought to occupy the site
of the Roman Varis, and is near the famous
ancient sculptured obelisk called Sweno's
Stone ; was made a royal burgh by William
the Lion, and acquired celebrity through
Shakespeare's drama of Macbeth ; is now
a seat of sheriff courts, a centre of con-

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siderable business, and a resort of invalids ;
unites with Inverness, Fortrose, and Nairn
in sending a member to Parliament ; pub-
lishes a weekly newspaper, and another
twice a week ; consists of several well-
built streets ; and has a head post office
with all departments, a railway station,
4 banking offices, 5 hotels, a large new
hydropathic establishment, a very fine
market-cross, a handsome spired town hall
of 1839, a market hall of 1876, conspicu-
ous monuments to Lord Nelson and Dr.
Thompson, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, Congregational, Baptist,
and Episcopalian churches, a spired free
school, 2 public schools, a museum, and
other institutions. Peal property in 1880-
81, £14,315. Pop. 4030.— The parish is 4
miles long and 2\ miles broad, and com-
prises 5440 acres. Real property in
1880-81 of landward part, £7784. Pop.
4752. Findhorn river traces the western
boundary, and Forres burn, coming in
from Rafford, runs through the interior
to Findhorn estuary. The north-western
district, comprising more than half the
land, is rich alluvial plain ; the central
district is diversified by small round hills
and gentle acclivities ; and the south-
eastern district rises to considerable ele-
vation, and is mostly reclaimed moor or
moss. The chief seats are Forres House,
Sanquhar, Invererne, and Drumduan.
Six schools for 1039 scholars are in the
parish, and 1 of them and a class-room
for 460 are new.

FORSA, rivulet of Mull Island, runningto
Sound of Mull, at Pennygown, Argyleshire.

FORSE, harbour, inn, mansion, and
ruined feudal fortalice, in Latheron
parish, Caithness.

FORSINARD, place, with railway sta-
tion, and with post office designated of
Sutherlandshire, 14| miles north of Kil-
donan, on north-east border of Sutherland.

FORSS, river, running about 16 miles
northward to tbe sea, at i\ miles west of
Thurso, Caithness. Forss House, Forss
Hill, and Forss public school, with about
84 scholars, are near its mouth. Forss
post office, under Thurso, also is there.

FORT-AUGUSTUS, village on Caledonian
Canal, at south-western extremity of Loch
Ness, 33J miles south-west of Inverness.
It has a post office, with money order
department, designated of Inverness-shire,
Established, Free, and Roman Catholic
churches, and a public school. A fort, in
front of it, was erected in 1734, suffered
capture by the rebels in 1745, became head-
quarters of the Duke of Cumberland after
the battle of Culloden, and was then rebuilt
and strengthened ; had a quadrangular
construction, bastioned at the angles, and
protected by ditch, covered way, and
glacis ; contained barracks with capacity
for 300 soldiers ; came in later years to
be used as a military sanatorium ; was
eventually purchased by Lord Lovat, and
given by him in 1876 to Benedictine monks ;

and has now, within its old bastions, a
grand suite of Roman Catholic edifices,
comprising college, monastery, hospitium,
and church, erected at a cost of about
£43,000, and opened with great ceremony
in August 1880. Pop. 470.

FORT-CHARLOTTE, small citadel adja-
cent to Lerwick, in Shetland. It was con-
structed by Cromwell, reconstructed by
Charles II., demolished in 1673, rebuilt in
1781, and has 12 guns.

FORTEVIOT, village and parish in south-
east of Perthshire. The village stands on
May rivulet, 7 miles south-west of Perth,
has a post office under Perth, a railway
station, a parochial church, and a public
school, and adjoins the site of an ancient
town of its own name, one of the capitals
of Pictavia, with royal palace, occupied by
Kenneth II., Duncan, Macbeth, and Mal-
colm Canmore. — The parish consists of
three separate sections, considerably dis-
tant from one another, and comprises 7785
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £8283.
Pop. 618. The surface includes part
of the valley of the Earn and part of the
Ochil Hills. Chief features are Invermay
House and the glen and falls of the May.
A public school has accommodation for
105 scholars.

FORT-GEORGE, royal fortress, 1| mile
north-west of Fort-George station, and 11
north-east of Inverness. It stands on a
peninsula, at contraction between Outer
and Inner Moray Firth ; was erected soon
after the battle of Culloden, at a cost of
more than £160,000 ; has a polygonal out-
line, with 6 bastions and bomb-proof ram-
parts ; covers about 12 acres, and contains
accommodation for nearly 2000 men ; com-
mands the sea-way up to Inverness, and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of
Inverness-shire.

FORT-GEORGE STATION, railway sta-
tion, 9^ miles north-east of Inverness. It
has a head post office with money order
and telegraph department.

FORTH, village in Carnwath parish,
Lanarkshire. It has a post office under
Lanark, an Established church, a Free
church, and a public school with about 193
scholars. Pop. 747.

FORTH, river and firth, from Benlomond
eastward to the German Ocean. The river
is formed by two head-streams in Aber-
foyle parish ; goes thence, in many curves
and folds, to Stirling ; proceeds, in serpen-
tine windings, called Links of Forth, to
Alloa ; and, measured in straight line from
its source, has a total length of only 31
miles, but measured along its bed has a
length of probably not much less than 90
miles. The firth makes slow expansion
for 6 miles ; has a mean width of 1\ miles
over the next 10 miles ; contracts then at
Queensferry to about 1 mile ; expands then
to a much greater width than before ; and
proceeds, with varying width, over 30
| miles, to a terminal width of 11 miles at

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FOS

exit to the German Ocean between Fife
and East Lothian. Much of the river's
valley is carse land; and most of the
firth's flanks are diversified and picturesque, j

FORTH AND CLYDE CANAL, artificial j
navigable water-way for sea-borne vessels
from the Forth at Grangemouth to the
Clyde at Bowling Bay. It measures 35
miles in length, and has a branch of 2f
miles to Glasgow ; it traverses a strath on
nearly the line of the quondam Antoninus'
"Wall; it ascends by locks to a summit-
level of 141 feet ; it was formed in 1768-90
at a cost of £330,000; it has undergone
improvements at different times with great
expense ; and, in 1867, it became the pro-
perty of the Caledonian Railway Company.

FORTH AND CLYDE RAILWAY, rail-
way, 30 miles long, from junction at Stir-
ling to junction near Balloch, in Dumbar-
tonshire. It was opened in 1856 ; it cost
£262,416 till 1870 ; and it yielded dividends
of 5, 6, and 7 per cent, in 1879.

FORTHAR, lime-works in Kettle parish,
Fife.

FORTH BRIDGE, projected stupendous
railway viaduct across Firth of Forth,
from South Queensferry to North Queens-
ferry. It was designed in 1872, re-
designed in 1878, slightly commenced in
March 1880, relinquished before the close
of that year, and re-projected at estimated
cost of £1,388,000 in June 1881.

FORTH BRIDGE, massive stone and iron
structure, about one-third of mile long,
and with central double swing, on the
Forth at Alloa. It was founded in early
part of 1882, and estimated to cost between
£40,000 and £50,000.

FORT-HILL, small detached portion of
Dun parish, Forfarshire.

FORT-HILL, eminence, with quondam
fort, ad j acenttoBroughtyFerry, Forfarshire.

FORTH IRON-WORKS. See Oaklet.

FORTHY, affluent of the Bervie, Kin-
cardineshire.

FORTINGAL, village and parish in north-
west of Perthshire. The village stands in
a sequestered mountain vale on lower part
of Lyon river, about 10 miles west of
Aberfeldy, and. has a post office under
Aberfeldy, an inn, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
170 scholars. The vale measures about 6
miles by fully ^ mile ; is accessible only by
narrow passes through closely engirdling
mountains ; and contains, adjacent to the
village, remains of a Roman camp, and
remains of a famous large old yew tree. —
The parish is 25 miles long and 24 miles
broad, and comprises 196,683 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £22,033. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1690 ; quoad sacra, 616. The
surface lies wholly among the Gram-
pians ; consists entirely of lofty mountains,
with intersecting glens, lakes, and streams ;
includes the districts of Rannoch and
Glenlyon ; and abounds with memories and
monuments of the feudal times. Chief
seats are Glenlyon House, Garth, Megger-

nie, and Chesthill. Established churches
are at Innerwick, Kinloch-Rannoch, and
Finnart, and a Free church is in Glenlyon ;
and public schools are at Cambusvrachen,
Meggernie, Pubill, and Kinloch-Rannoch.

FORT-MATILDA, small modern fortifi-
cation on low headland, midway between
Greenock and Gourock, Renfrewshire.

FORTROSE, town, comprising Chanonry
and Rosemarkie, on north-west coast of
Moray Firth, nearly opposite Fort-George,
and 10^ miles north-north-east of Inver-
ness. It ranks as a seaport, a sea-bathing
resort, and a royal burgh; unites with
Inverness, Forres, and Nairn in sending a
member to Parliament ; has a post office,
with all departments, under Inverness,
a banking office, a hotel, 2 Established
churches, Free, Baptist, and Episcopalian
churches, an academy, 3 public schools,
and a mechanics' institution, and was
designed in 1881 to acquire a greatly
improved harbour and a handsome volun-
teers' hall. Real property in 1880-81,
£3408. Pop. 869.

FORTUNE (EAST and WEST), estates in
Athelstaneford parish, Haddingtonshire.
See East Foktune.

FORT- WILLIAM, town on Loch Eil, at
foot of Ben-Nevis, 65J miles south-west of
Inverness. It consists of two streets and a
quondam fort ; is a seat of sheriff courts,
and a tourists' centre ; and has a head
post office with all departments, 3 bank-
ing offices, several hotels, Established,
Free, Episcopalian, and Roman Catholic
churches, and a public school with about
131 scholars. The fort was erected by
General Monk, and rebuilt in the time of
William in. ; resisted sieges by the rebels
in 1715 and 1745; had quarters for 200
men ; and is now private property. The
Episcopalian church was erected in 1880-81,
and is in early decorated Gothic style.
Pop. of the town, 1565.

FORVIE, ancient parish, now part of
Slains, in Aberdeenshire.

FOSS, quoad sacra parish, on south
side of Tummel river, toward head of
Tummel loch, Perthshire. It was consti-
tuted in 1845 ; it contains a mansion of
its own name ; and its post town is
Pitlochrie. Pop. 226.

FOSSAWAY, parish, chiefly in Perth-
shire, and partly in Kinross-shire. It
contains the villages of Blairingone, Crook-
of-Devon, and Gartwhinean, and has a
post office of its own name under Kinross.
It measures about 11 miles in length, and
10 miles in greatest breadth, and comprises
10,429 acres in Perthshire, and 6904 in
Kinross-shire. Real property in 1880-81,
£8859 and £6746. Pop. 772 and 495.
The surface is mainly a portion of the
Ochil Hill3, from watershed to foot, and
partly a low tract thence toward Cleish
Hills. Chief seats are Devonshaw and
Tulliebole, and the chief antiquities are
Aldie and Tulliebole Castles. The churches
are 2 Established and 1 Free, one of the

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former at Blairingone ; and the schools are
3, with accommodation for 395 scholars.

FOTHERINGHAM, seat in Inverarity
parish, Forfarshire.

FOUDLAND, bleak, moorish, lofty up-
land tract, in Forgue, Insch, and Cul-
salmond parishes, Aberdeenshire. Its
summit is 1529 feet high. Excellent roof-
ing-slate quarries are on its Insch part.

FOULA, island, 16 miles west-south-west
of mainland coast of Walls parish, Shet-
land. It measures about 3 miles by 1^ ; rises
from the sea in lofty cliffs, swarming with
sea-fowl ; consists of 5 conical hills, with
extreme altitude of about 1300 feet ; and
has a post office under Lerwick, and a
house serving as church and school-house.
Pop. 267.

FOULDEN, village and parish in east of
Merse, Berwickshire. The village stands
3J miles east of Chirnside, and has a post
office under Berwick, a parochial church,
and a public school with about 63 scholars.
The parish measures about 2\ miles each
way, and comprises 3278 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £6541. Pop. 393.
The surface rises gently northward from
the Whitadder, and has a hill-ridge about
550 feet high on its northern border. The
seats are Foulden House and Nunlands.

FOULIS, seat of Sir Charles Munro,
Bart., in Urquhart parish, Ross-shire.

FOULSHIELS, birthplace of Mungo Park,
on Yarrow river, 3| miles west -by-north of
Selkirk.

FOUNTAINBLEAU, place, with medicinal
spring, near Dumfries.

FOUNTAINBRIDGE, western suburb of
Edinburgh.

FOUNTAINHALL, hamlet, 4 miles north-
north-westof Stow, Edinburghshire. It has
a post office under Stow, a railway station,
and a public school with about 107 scholars.

FOUNTAINHALL, a seat of Sir Thomas
N. D. Lauder, Bart., in Pencaitland parish,
Haddingtonshire.

FOURMERKLAND, old tower in Holy-
wood parish, Dumfriesshire.

FOURMILEHILL, hamlet in Corstorphine
parish, Edinburghshire.

FOURTOWNS, village group, comprising
Hightae, Greenhill, Heck, and Smallholm,
in Lochmaben parish, Dumfriesshire.

FOVERAN, parish, containing the post
office village of Newburgh, on east coast of
Aberdeenshire. It measures about 7 miles
by 3, and comprises 10,537 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £13,167. Pop. 2042.
The surface looks to be level, but really
rises gradually from the sea. The seats are
Foveran House, Tillery, and Ythan Lodge ;
and the antiquities are ruins of two castles
and an old chapel. The churches are
Established and Free. There are 3 schools
for 392 scholars, and 1 of them and a
class-room for 124 are new.

FOWLA. See FoULA.

FOWLIS, village, 5 miles north-east of
Crieff, Perthshire. It dates from ancient
times, was the seat of the courts of the

Earls of Strathearn, retains a curiously
sculptured ancient cross, and has a post
office under Crieff, a parochial church, and
a public school.

FOWLIS, village on east verge of Perth-
shire, 6 miles north-west of Dundee. It has
a fine Saxon church of 12th century, re-
paired in 1842, and a public school with
about 118 scholars.

FOWLIS, railway station, 4£ miles north-
north-east of Dingwall, Ross-shire. See
also Foulis.

FOWLIS - EASTER, parish, containing
Fowlis village, on east verge of Perth-
shire. It measures 4£ by 3f miles, and
comprises 2824 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £3699. Pop. 311. The surface
includes Blacklaw Hill, and elsewhere
slopes gently to the south. The ministerial
charge is a joint one with Lundie.

FOWLIS MOWAT, estate in Leochel
parish, Aberdeenshire.

FOWLIS - WESTER, parish containing
Fowlis village, 5 miles north-east of Crieff,
and the villages or hamlets of Gilmerton,
Balgowan, and Buchanty. It measures 6y
by 4^ miles, and comprises 22,803 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £15,651. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1112 ; quoad sacra, 771.
The surface is intersected by two mountain
ranges, includes part of the Grampians on
the north, and is greatly diversified by
rugged hills on the south. A striking
feature is part of Glenalmond. Chief
seats are Abercairney and Cultoquhey ;
and chief antiquities are a cromlech, a
double concentric Caledonian stone circle,
and the moundish site of the castle of the
Earls of Strathearn. Parts are included
quoad sacra in Monzie and Logiealmond.
There are 3 schools with accommodation
for 239 scholars.

FOWLSHEUGH, lofty sea-cliff, swarming
with sea-fowl, in Dunnottar parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

FOXHALL, seat adjacent to Kirkliston,
Linlithgowshire.

FOXLEY, village in Old Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire.

FOXTON, seat in Cupar parish, Fife.

FOYERS, mountain rivulet, running
about 14 miles north-north-westward to
Loch Ness, at 19 miles south-west of
Inverness. It traverses a wild high glen,
and makes, in its lowmost reach, two
grand famous leaps of 40 and 90 feet.
Foyers House adjoins it near its mouth.

FRANKFIELD, small lake in north-
eastern outskirt of Glasgow.

FRAOCH, islet, with ruined strong
fortalice, in Loch Awe, near Kilchurn
Castle, Argyleshire.

FRAOCHY, lake, about 2\ miles long, in
Glenquoich, Perthshire.

FRASERBURGH, town and parish in
north-east extremity of Aberdeenshire.
The town stands on small bay adjacent
to Kinnaird Head, 47£ miles north-by-east
of Aberdeen ; was founded in early part
of 16th century ; is a seaport, the head of

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188

FUL

a fishery district, and a seat of consider-
able provincial trade ; has an artificial
harbour, formed in the time of war with
France, at a cost of about £50,000, and
designed in 1881 to be improved at a cost
of about £30,000 ; had a harbour income
in 1880 of £10,186 ; has a head post office
with all departments, a terminal railway
station, 4 banking offices, and 2 hotels ;
consists of well-built, spacious streets,
crossing one another at right angles, and
drained by works commenced in 1876 ;
and contains a fine old hexagonal cross, a
handsome dome-capped town hall of 1855,
a spired spacious parochial church of 1802,
a large quoad sacra parochial church of
1876, a Free church, erected at a cost of
£6200 in 1880, United Presbyterian, Con-
gregational, Evangelical Union, Baptist,
and Episcopalian churches, an academy,
2 public schools, 2 other schools, a public
library, and an hospital of 1878. Pop.
6529. — The parish contains also Broadsea
village, includes a district detached 1§
mile from the main body, measures from
end to end about 8 miles by 3|, and com-
prises 8367 acres. Beal property in
1880-81, £34,692. Pop., quoad civilia,
7596 ; quoad sacra, 3238. The surface
includes Kinnaird Head in extreme north,
and part of Mormond Hill in extreme
south, but is elsewhere nearly flat, with
only gradual ascent from the coast. The
public schools were designed in 1877 to have
enlargements for 200 additional scholars.

FRASERBURGH (WEST), quoad sacra par-
ish with church in Fraserburgh. Pop. 4304.

FREASGAIL, caves on west side of
Whitenhead, in Sutherland.

FREBBAY, section of Westray Island,
Orkney.

FREEBURN, place, with inn and fairs,
15£ miles south-east of Inverness.

FREEFIELD, seat in Bayne parish,
Aberdeenshire.

FREELAND, seat in Forgandenny
parish, Perthshire.

FRENCHLAND, old domestic tower in
Moffat parish, Dumfriesshire.

FRENDRAUGHT, or FRENNET, mansion
and remains of song-celebrated old castle,
in Forgue parish, Aberdeenshire.

FRESGO, small headland near north-
west extremity of Caithness.

FRESWICK, bay, headland, mansion,
and village, 3 miles south of John-o'-
Groats, Caithness. Pop. of village, 402.

FREUCHIE, town and quoad sacra parish
in west of Fife. The town stands 2 miles
east-by-south of Falkland, and has a post
office under Ladybank, an Established
church of 1876, a United Presbyterian
church, and a public school with about 275
scholars. Pop. of the town, 1059 ; of the
quoad sacra parish, 1117.

FREW, ford, bridge, and site of small
ancient fortress on the Forth, 8 miles west
of Stirling.

FRIARDYKES, quondam monastery in
Stenton parish, Haddingtonshire.

FRIARKIRK, mineral spring in Ballan-
trae parish, Ayrshire.

FRIAR'S BRAE, site of ancient friary in
Linlithgow.

FRIAR'S CARSE, mansion on site of
ancient monastery, adjacent to the
Nith, 6|- miles north-north-west of Dum-
fries.

FRIAR'S CROFT, site of ancient friary
in Dunbar, Haddingtonshire.

FRIAR'S DUBBS, site of ancient mon-
astery in Bervie parish, Kincardineshire.

FRIAR'S GLEN, secluded glen, with
foundations of small ancient priory, in
Fordoun parish, Kincardineshire.

FRIARTON, village in East Church
parish, Perth.

FRIELHOUSE, islet in Morvern parish,
Argyleshire.

FRIOCKHEIM, town and quoad sacra
parish in Forfarshire. The town stands
6tj miles west-north-west of Arbroath, and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of For-
farshire, a railway station, Established,
Free, and Evangelical Union churches,
and a public school with about 140 scholars.
Pop. of the town, 1098 ; of the quoad
sacra parish, 1501.

FRISKY HALL, hotel at Bowling Bay,
Dumbartonshire.

FRISO, lake in north-west of Mull
Island, Argyleshire.

FROBOST, place on south-west coast of
South Uist, Outer Hebrides.

FROGDEN, farm, with old trysting-place
for Border forays, in Linton parish, Rox-
burghshire.

FROSTLY, small affluent of upper part
of the Teviot, Koxburghshire.

FROTOFT, place, with public school, in
Rousay parish, Orkney.

FRUID, affluent of the Tweed, in Tweeds-
muir parish, Peeblesshire.

FRUIN, rivulet, running about 9 miles
to west side of Loch Lomond, at about 7£
miles north-north- west of Dumbarton.

FUDA, small island, 2^ miles north of
Barra, Outer Hebrides.

FUGLOE, skerry in western vicinity
of Papa-Stour Island, Shetland.

FUINAFORT, place in south-west of
Mull Island, Argyleshire. It has a post
office under Oban.

FUIR, lake, 4£ miles east of Poolewe,
Ross-shire.

FUIRDSTONE, ancient parish, now called
Careston, in Forfarshire.

FULBAR, estate in Abbey-Paisley parish,
Renfrewshire.

FULLARTON, suburb of Irvine, Ayr-
shire. It is 'separated by only Irvine
river ; it communicates with Irvine town
by a handsome bridge, and forms part of
Irvine burgh ; and it has a post office,
with money order department, under
Irvine, an Established church, a Free
church, and a public school. Pop. 3990.
Fullarton House, a seat of the Duke of
Portland, is in the vicinity.

FUL

189

GAI

FULLARTON, suburb or section of Toll-
cross town, Lanarkshire.

FULTON, vestige of ancient Border
peel, with site of quondam village, 4
miles south-west of Jedburgh, Roxburgh-
shire.

FUNGARTH, rising ground, with strik-
ing view, adjacent to Dunkeld, Perthshire.

FUNTACK, small affluent of the Find-
horn, in Moy parish, Inverness-shire.

FUNZIE, bay, with fishing-station, in
Fetlar Island, Shetland.

FURNACE, village on Loch Long, 8
miles south-west of Inverary, Argyleshire.
It has a post office designated of Argyle-
shire, and is near a gunpowder manufactory
and a granite quarry.

FUSHIEBRIDGE, hamlet, 13 miles south-
east of Edinburgh. It has a railway station
and an inn.

FUTTIE. See Footdee.

FYNE, stream and sea-loch in Argyle-
shire. The stream rises among lofty
mountains near meeting-point with Perth-
shire and Dumbartonshire, and runs about
7 miles south-westward to the loch's head.
The loch first goes 24 miles south-westward,
with maximum width of 2 miles; then,
while sending off Loch Gilp to the north-
west, proceeds 16 miles south-south-east-
ward, with width of Trom 3 to 5f miles;
and then is lost in Firth of Clyde, oppo-
site north end of Arran. Its banks and
flanks are very diversified, but aggregately
picturesque; and its waters are famous
for prime herring.

FYRISH, hill, 1478 feet high, crowned
by artificial rude resemblance of an arti-
ficial temple, adjacent to Aultgrande burn,
in Alness parish, Ross-shire.

FYVIE, parish, averagely 1\ miles north-
north- west of Old Meldrum, Aberdeenshire.
It has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of Aber-
deenshire, and a railway station. Its length
is 13 miles ; its greatest breadth, 8 miles ;
its area, 29,586 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £23,336. Pop., quoad civilia,
4403 ; quoad sacra, 3235. The Ythan cuts
the parish into two nearly equal parts. The
land is uneven, is much diversified with
height and vale, and includes much wood,
heath, and moss. Fyvie Castle was visited
by Edward L of England, figured in the
career of the Marquis of Montrose, and is
a large Gothic edifice still inhabited.
Other interesting objects are Rothie man-
sion, Gight ruined castle, traces of an
ancient priory, and the grave of 'Tiftie's
Bonnie Annie.' The churches are 2 Es-
tablished, 1 Free, and 2 Episcopalian.
There are 8 schools for 801 scholars, and 2
of them and enlargements for 364 are new.

GAAF, affluent of the Garnock, in Cun-
ningham district, Ayrshire.

GAASKER, islet, swarming with sea-
fowl, 12 miles north-west of Taransay,
Outer Hebrides.

GADGIRTH, hamlet in Coylton parish,
Ayrshire.

GADIE, rivulet, running 12 miles east-
ward to the Ury, near that river's conflux
with the Don, Aberdeenshire. It is sung
in a famous old ballad.

GAICK, wild, romantic, alpine tract in
Kingussie parish, Inverness-shire.

GAIR, place, with public school, in Kirk-
patrick-Fleming parish, Dumfriesshire.

GAIR-BRIDGE. See Guard-Bridge.

GAIRDEN, or GAIRN, small river,
running about 20 miles eastward and
south-eastward to the Dee, at Lj> mile
above Ballater, Aberdeenshire.

GAIRIE, rivulet, running curvingly to
right side of the Dean, at 3 miles west
of Forfar.

GAIRLOCH, sea-loch, hamlet, and parish
on west coast of Ross-shire. The loch
penetrates 4 miles eastward, and is about
2 miles wide. The hamlet lies at the
loch's head, 5 miles south-south-west of
Poole we, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Ross-shire, an inn, a parochial
church with 500 sittings, and a Free
church, rebuilt since 1876. — The parish
contains also Poole we village, and Ewe
and Horisdale islands, and measures about
40 miles by 30. Real property in 1880-81,
£10,700. Pop., quoad civilia, 4479 ; quoad
sacra, 2158. The coast extends from Loch
Greinord to Loch Torridon, is deeply cut
by Loch Ewe, measures along its curva-
tures about 90 miles, and, excepting on
its lochs, is all bold and rocky. The
interior is mountainous, includes several
alpine ranges and summits, abounds in
small lakes and rapid burns, embraces
the magnificent Loch Maree, contains 5000
acres of wood, and presents a great aggre-
gate of picturesque scenery. A chief
residence is Sir Kenneth Mackenzie's seat
of Flowerdale. Established and Free
churches are at Poolewe. There are 11
schools for 843 scholars, and 8 of them for
631 are new.

GAIRLOCH, Dumbartonshire. See Gare-

LOCH.

GAIRN. See Gairden and Bridge of
Gairn.

GAIRNEY, affluent of the Tanner in
Glentanner, Aberdeenshire.

GAIRNEY, rivulet, running 9 miles east-
ward to Loch Leven, at 2 miles south-east
of Kinross.

GAIRNEY-BRIDGE, hamlet on Gairney
rivulet, 2 miles south-south-east of Kinross.

GAIRNEY (WEST), burn, running west-
ward to the Devon, near Crook of Devon,
Kinross-shire.

GAIRNSIDE, place, with Roman Catholic
chapel, in Glenmuick parish, Aberdeenshire.

GAIRSAY, island, about 2 miles long, in
Evie and Rendall parish, Orkney. Pop. 37.

GAIT, lake in Galston parish, Ayrshire.

GAITNIP, place, with cavernous crags,
on east side near head of Scalpa Flow,
Orkney.

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190

GAL

GALA, river, rising on Moorfoot Hills,
in Edinburghshire, and running about 20
miles south-south-eastward, along a wind-
ing vale, to the Tweed, at 2 miles west of
Melrose, in Roxburghshire. Gala House
stands adjacent to it in southern vicinity
of Galashiels.

GALASHIELS, town and parish in Sel-
kirkshire and Roxburghshire. The town
stands on Gala river, 32 miles south-south-
east of Edinburgh ; was developed in latter
part of last century from an ancient village ;
became a town, and rapidly prospered, in
connection with skilful manufacture of
tweeds and tartans ; is now a parliamentary
burgh, uniting with Hawick and Selkirk
in sending a member to Parliament ; com-
prises compact centre and straggling ex-
tremities ; extends between flanking hills
to a length of about 2 miles ; publishes a
weekly newspaper; and has a head post
office with all departments, a railway
station, 5 banking offices, 2 chief hotels,
numerous large factories, a corn exchange
of 1860, a commodious bridge of 1878,
waterworks of 1877 and later years at a
cost of £40,000, a large public hall, volun-
teer, masonic, and good templar halls,
an Established church of 1881 at a cost
of about £13,000, 2 other Established
churches, 2 Free churches, 1 of them of
1875 at a cost of about £5000, 3 United
Presbyterian churches, 2 of them since
1879 at much cost, Evangelical Union and
Baptist churches, ornamental Episcopalian
and Roman Catholic churches, 3 large
public schools, and a free public library.
Real property in 1880-81, £56,605. Pop.
in 1833, 2209 ; in 1881, 12,435.— The parish
measures 6 miles by 4, and comprises 5625
acres in Selkirkshire and 2815 in Roxburgh-
shire. Real property of landward parts in
1880-81, £4815 and £3197. Pop., quoad
civilia, 9742; quoad sacra, 6347. The
Gala traces the north-eastern boundary,
and the Tweed runs between the Selkirk-
shire and Roxburghshire sections. The
surface includes vales on the rivers, is
elsewhere hilly, and culminates on Meigle
Hill at an altitude of 1480 feet above sea-
level. The seats are Gala House and Fal-
donside ; and the antiquities are two camps
and traces of a Roman road. There are 9
schools for 1856 scholars, and 2 of them
for 530 are new.

GALASHIELS AND PEEBLES RAILWAY,
branch railway from North British main
line at 1£ mile north-west of Galashiels,
18| miles westward to Peebles. It was
formed subsequent to 1861, and belongs
to the North British system.

GALASHIELS (WEST), quoad sacra parish
with church in Galashiels. Pop. 3252.

GALCANTRAY, place in Croy parish,
Inverness-shire. It had anciently a chapel,
and has now a public school.

GALDRY, village, 3f miles south-west
of Newport, Fife.

GALLABERRY, eminence, with Roman
fort, in Dryfesdale parish, Dumfriesshire.

GALLALA, rising ground, once a place
of capital punishment, in Oxnam parish,
Roxburghshire.

GALLAN, promontory between Loch
Roag and Loch Reasort, on south-west
coast of Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

GALLANGAD, glen, with fine cascade,
in Kilmaronock parish, Dumbartonshire.

GALLARY, seat in Logiepert parish,
Forfarshire.

GALLATOWN, northern suburb of Kirk-
caldy, Fife. It extends northward from
Sinclairtown, and has a Free church, and
2 public schools with about 140 scholars.

GALLOW, hill in Westray Island,
Orkney.

GALLOWAY, district, now comprehend-
ing Wigtonshire and Kirkcudbrightshire,
but formerly including also parts of Ayr-
shire and Dumfriesshire. It gives the
title of earl to a branch of the family of
Stewart. Galloway House, the Earl's
chief seat, stands about a mile south-
south-east of Garlieston, and is a large
edifice of last century.

GALLOWAY (MULL OF), promontory at
south-western extremity of Scotland. It
terminates the Rhinns of Galloway ; is 1£
mile long, 1£ mile broad, and 575 feet
high; and has a precipitous cavernous
front, crowned by a lighthouse, with in-
termittent light visible at the distance of
23 nautical miles.

GALLOWAY (NEW), village on Ken
river, 4| miles north-by-west of a railway
station of its own name, and 19 miles
north of Kirkcudbright. It ranks as a
royal burgh, unites with "Wigton, Stran-
raer, and Whithorn in sending a member
to Parliament, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Kirkcudbrightshire, a bank-
ing office, 2 hotels, a court-house, a five-
arched bridge, Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian churches, and a
public school with about 103 scholars.
Real property in 1880-81, £1048. Pop. 422.

GALLOWAY (RHINNS OF), western divi-
sion of Wigtonshire. It comprises the
peninsula west of Loch Ryan, the peninsula
west of Luce Bay, and the intermediate
tract.

GALLOWBANK, elevated bank on Annan
river, in Annan parish, Dumfriesshire. It
was formerly a place of capital punishment,
and it has an excellent sandstone quarry.

GALLOWBANK, brae on Garvock Hill,
in Garvock parish, Kincardineshire. It was
formerly a place of capital punishment.

GALLOWCAIRN, artificial mound, for-
merly a place of capital punishment, in
Boyndie parish, Banffshire.

GALLOWDRUM, rising ground, formerly
a place of capital punishment, in Clunie
parish, Perthshire.

GALLO WFLAT, seat inRutherglen parish,
Lanarkshire.

GALLOWFLAT, field, formerly a place
of capital punishment, in Morton parish,
Dumfriesshire.

GAL

191

GAR

GALLOWGATE, long, crooked, leading
old street in eastern part of Glasgow. It
underwent great change in course of re-
cent city improvement and railway con-
struction ; and it has a sub post office
with money order department, and a
railway station.

GALLOWHILL, each of at least _ 30
places, formerly scenes of capital punish-
ment, in various parts of Scotland.

GALLOWKNOW, each of several places,
formerly scenes of capital punishment, in
various parts of Scotland.

GALLOWLANE, small head-stream of
Doon river, Ayrshire.

GALLOWLAW, hamlet in Panbride par-
ish, Forfarshire.

GALLOWSIDE, hillock, formerly a place
of capital punishment, in Coldingham par-
ish, Berwickshire.

GALLOWSLOT, rising ground, formerly
a place of capital punishment, near Castle-
Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire.

GALSTON, town and parish in north-
east corner of Kyle, Ayrshire. The town
stands on Irvine river, 5J miles east of
Kilmarnock ; doitows amenity from neigh-
bourhood of ' Loudoun's bonny woods and
braes ; ' and has a post office with all
departments under Kilmarnock, a rail-
way station, 2 banking offices, Established,
Free, United Presbyterian, and Evangeli-
cal Union churches, and 3 public schools.
Pop. 4085. — The parish excludes a suburb
on Loudoun side of the river, but includes
the Greenholm part of Newmilns and
small part of Darvel. Its length is 12£
miles ; its greatest breadth 4£ miles ; its
area 15,243 acres. Keal property in
1879-80, £32,598. Pop., quoad civilia,
5961; quoad sacra, 5768. The surface
is mostly level, but rises in the east to
upland height, and culminates there in
the lofty Distincthorn. About two-thirds
are arable, and the rest is variously forest,
moss, and hill pasture. Coal is largely
worked, and limestone and flagstone have
been quarried. Chief antiquities are traces
of an extensive Roman camp, and the site
of a Caledonian stone circle. There are 4
schools for 852 scholars, and class-rooms
in them for 400 are new.

GALT, headland at north-west extremity
of Shapinshay, in Orkney.

GALTRIGIL, bold precipitous headland,
fully 300 feet high, at north-west extre-
mity of Isle of Skye.

GALTWAY, ancient parish, now forming
central part of Kirkcudbright parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

GALVAL, remains of ancient castle on
fine eminence in Boharm parish, Banffshire.

GAMESCLEUCH, vestige of ancient
baronial tower in Ettrick parish, Selkirk-
shire.

GAMESHOPE, lake and burn in south of
Tweedsmuir parish, Peeblesshire.

GAMHAIR. See Gauir.

GAMHUINN, lake in Rothiemurchus
parish, Inverness-shire.

GAMRIE, parish, containing Macduff
town, and Gardenstown and Crovie vil-
lages, on coast of Banffshire. It connects
but slightly with the main body of the
county, measures 9|- miles by and
comprises 17,041 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £20,334. Pop., quoad civilia;
6747; quoad sacra, 2643. The coast
measures 9| miles; is mostly precipitous
and partly mural; rises in some parts to
heights of from 400 to 600 feet ; is cloven
in several places by great chasms; and
includes the long impressive caverns called
Hell's Lum and Needle's Eye. The interior
abounds in hills, dells, cliffs, ravines, and
romantic scenery ; and, to a great extent,
has been laboriously reclaimed from bar-
renness to fertility. A chief residence is
Troup, and chief antiquities are traces of
victories over the Scandinavians. The
parochial church stands in the east, a
quoad sacra parochial church and a Free
church are at Macduff, and a chapel-of-
ease and a United Presbyterian church
are at Gardenstown. There are 5 schools
for 1540 scholars, and 2 of them and en-
largements for 1048 are new.

GANNACHY, ancient bridge on the
North Esk, between Edzell in Forfar-
shire and Fettercairn in Kincardineshire.

GANUH, lake in Kildonan parish, Suth-
erland.

GARAN, site of Muirkirk town, and
originally that town itself, in Ayrshire.

GARAN, islet, crowded with sea-fowl,
4 miles east of Cape Wrath, in Suther-
land.

_ GARAWALT, impetuous burn, entering
right side of the Dee, 2 miles east of Inver-
cauld Bridge, Aberdeenshire. It makes
several cataracts and falls, one of the
latter very picturesque.

GARBETHILL, village, 3 miles east of
Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire.

GARBHMEAL, alpine mountain in For-
tingal parish, Perthshire.

GARBHREACHD, lake in Kiltarlity par-
ish, Inverness-shire.

GARBHREISA, islet, faced with cliffs,
south-west of Craignish Point, Argyle-
shire.

GARCHONZIE, wood where a sanguinary
clan fight occurred, between Callander and
Loch Vennachoir, Perthshire.

GARDEN, seat in Kippen parish, Stir-
lingshire.

GARDENSTOWN, fishing village, 8 miles
east-north-east of Banff. It has a post
office under Banff, a banking office, a
tolerable harbour, a chapel - of - ease, a
United Presbyterian church, and a public
school with about 70 scholars. Pop.
866.

GARDERHOUSE, post office under Ler-
wick, and seat, in Sandsting parish, Shet-
land.

GARDYNE, fine old baronial seat in
Kirkden parish, Forfarshire.

GARE, mineral field in Carluke parish,
Lanarkshire.

GAR

192

GAR

GARELOCH, sea-loch, deflecting from
Firth of Clyde opposite Greenock, and
striking 1\ miles north-westward, with
mean breadth of about a mile, between
Roseneath and Row parishes, Dumbarton-
shire. Its shores and flanks are diversified
and picturesque.

GARELOCHHEAD, village and quoad
sacra parish in Dumbartonshire. The
village stands at head of Gareloch, 1\
miles north-west of Helensburgh, and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Helensburgh, a hotel,
a steamboat pier, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
98 scholars. Pop. of the village, 419 ;
of the quoad sacra parish, 733.

GARF, affluent of the Clyde, in Wiston
parish, Lanarkshire.

GARFARRAN, farm, with remains of
Roman fort, in Drymen parish, Stirling-
shire.

GARGUNNOCK, village and parish in
north of Stirlingshire. The village stands
about a mile from railway station of its
own name, 5§ miles west of Stirling, and
has a post office under Stirling, Established
and Free churches, and a public school with
about 95 scholars. Pop. 261. — The par-
ish measures 6 miles by 4, and comprises
9859 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£9337. Pop. 698. The Forth traces
all the northern boundary. The land ad-
jacent to the river is carse, and the rest,
with intersecting glens, is part of the
Lennox Hills. The seats are Gargunnock
House, Boquhan, Leckie, and Meiklewood ;
a notable locality is Boquhan Glen ; and
chief antiquities are fortifications on
Keir Hill and the site of Gargunnock peel,
the scene of an exploit of Sir "William
"Wallace.

GARHARRA, place in Dunoon parish,
Argyleshire.

GARIOCH, district of 150 square miles,
between Mar and Formartine, Aberdeen-
shire.

GARIOCH (CHAPEL OF). See Chapel
of Gakioch.

GARIOCHSFORD, place in Ythan Wells
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a public
school with about 100 scholars.

GARION. See Garrion.

GARLETON, hill - ridge in northern
vicinity of Haddington. It extends about
4 miles east and west, rises to no consider-
able height, but figures conspicuously in
the Lothian plain, and is crowned by a
lofty monument to the martial Earl of
Hopetoun. Garleton House, at its north
base, is a ruined splendid seat of the quon-
dam Earls of "Wilton.

GARLETTER, hill on west side of
southern part of Loch Long, Argyle-
shire.

GARLIES, ruined strong castellated
mansion, If mile north of Minnigaff vil-
lage, Kirkcudbrightshire. It was the seat
of the Earl of Galloway's ancestors, and
it gives him the title of baron.

GARLIESTON, seaport village on bay of
its own name, 7 miles by road, but 9^ by
railway, south-east of Wigton. It presents
a modern, well-built, agreeable appearance,
and has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of
"Wigtonshire, a railway station, a banking
office, a good harbour, and Free and Con-
gregational churches. Pop. 649.

GARLOGIE, place, with woollen factory,
in Skene parish, Aberdeenshire.

GARLPOOL, affluent of Evan rivulet,
Dumfriesshire.

GARMOND, village in Monquhitter
parish, Aberdeenshire. Pop. 241.

GARMOUTH, seaport village at mouth
of the Spey, 4 miles north of Fochabers,
Elginshire. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Morayshire, a banking office,
a naturally good harbour, a Free church,
and a public school with about 89 scholars.
Pop. 626.

GARNETHILL, hill-ridge, now covered
with well-built streets, on north side of
Glasgow.

GARNGAD, hill, edificed with public
works and dwelling-houses, in north-east
outskirt of Glasgow.

GARNKIRK, seat of fire-clay manufac-
ture, 6J miles north-east of Glasgow. It
has a railway station, and a public school
with about 96 scholars. Pop. 782. Garn-
kirk House is £ mile to the north.

GARNOCK, small river, running about
20 miles southward to Irvine harbour,
Ayrshire. It makes, in its upper part,
a fine cataract, called the Spout of
Garnock.

GARNQUEEN, village, with brick-works,
on mutual border of Cadder and New
Monkland parishes, Lanarkshire. Pop.
73.

GARPEL, stream, running south-east-
ward to the Evan, a little above Beattock,
Dumfriesshire. A. cascade is on it, and
a strong chalybeate spring called Garpel
Spa is near.

GARPEL, stream, running southward to
the Ken, about a mile above New Galloway,
Kirkcudbrightshire. Some fine cascades
are on it, and one of them, called the
Holy Linn, was a retreat of the persecuted
Covenanters.

GARPEL, head-stream of Ayr river,
Ayrshire.

GARR, glen on mutual border of Auch-
tergaven and Little Dunkeld parishes,
Perthshire.

GARRABOST, village in Stornoway
parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides. It has a
post office under Stornoway, and a Free
church of 1881. Pop. 309.

GARRAGHUISM, large, double-cham-
bered, vaulted cave, on Stornoway coast,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

GARRALLAN, estate, with colliery and
public school, in Old Cumnock parish,
Ayrshire. The school has about 182
scholars.

GAR

193

GAR

GARREL. See Gakvald.

GARRION, bridge oa the Clyde near
Dalserf, ravine traversed by a burn south-
westward to vicinity of that bridge, and
estate on left side of that ravine, in
Lanarkshire.

GARRISON, a seat of the Earl of Glasgow,
adjacent to Millport, Buteshire.

GARROCH, seat in Kells parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

GARROCH, headland at southern ex-
tremity of Bute Island, Buteshire.

GARRON, headland flanking north side
of Stonehaven Bay, Kincardineshire.

GARRY, lake and river in north of
Perthshire. The lake lies among lofty
rugged masses of the Grampians ; is about 4
miles long and -J mile broad ; and terminates
at 14 miles west-by-north of Blair-Athole.
The river gathers head-streams into the
lake, runs from the lake's foot past Blair-
Athole, curves through Pass of Killie-
crankie to conflux with the Tummel,
has a total length of about 30 miles,
makes frequent cataracts and cascades, and,
in times of freshet, is dreadfully furious.

GARRY, lake and river in north-west of
Inverness-shire. The lake is formed by
expansion of the river's lower reach, and
measures 7 miles in length. The river
issues from Loch Qu'uch, draws head-
streams from points 5 or 6 miles beyond
that lake's head, runs about 13 miles east-
ward from Loch Quoich to Loch Oich at
Invergarry, and traverses, over most of
that distance, a picturesque mountain
glen, called from it Glengarry.

GARRY, affluent of the Ordie, in Auch-
tergaven parish, Perthshire.

GARRY, headland, flanking west side of
North Berwick Bay, Haddingtonshire.

GARRYNAHINE, place, with post office
under Stornoway, Outer Hebrides.

GARSCADDEN, village in New Kilpat-
rick parish, Dumbartonshire. Pop. 649.

GARS CUBE, village and mansion on
Kelvin river, 5 miles north-west of Glas-
gow. Pop. of the village, with Netherton,
677. The mansion is the seat of Sir
Archibald S. L. Campbell, Bart.

GARSON, headland in Stromness parish,
Orkney.

GART, seat in Callander parish, Perth-
shire.

GARTCOSH, village, 1\ miles north-east
of Glasgow. It has a post office under
Glasgow, and a railway station. Pox>. 356.

GARTCROW, small suburb of Falkirk,
Stirlingshire.

GARTFERRY, seat in Cadder parish,
Lanarkshire.

GARTH, seat and ruined old fortalice
in Fortingal parish, Perthshire.

GARTH, ruined ancient castle in vicinity
of Moulin village, Perthshire.

GARTH, seat in Delting parish, Shetland.

GARTHLAND, seat in Lochwinnoch
parish, Renfrewshire.

GARTHLAND, estate, with ancient
tower, in Stoneykirk parish, Wigtonshire.

GARTINQUEEN, lake in Cadder parish,
Lanarkshire.

GARTLOCH, seat in Cadder parish,
Lanarkshire.

GARTLY, parish, averagely 4 miles
south-by-east of Huntly, and surrounded
by Aberdeenshire, but belonging partly to
Banffshire. It has a post office designated
of Aberdeenshire, and a railway station.
Its length is about 12 miles ; its breadth
about \\ miles; its area about 33 square
miles. Real property in 1880-81, £3691
and £2560. Pop. 890. The Aberdeen-
shire section is called the Braes ; the
Banffshire section is called the Barony ;
and they are divided from each other by
the Bogie. Extensive moors and heathy
hills are at both ends, and a beautiful
diversity of hill and dale is in the middle.
Gartly Castle is a ruined old seat of the
Gordons, and was visited by Queen Mary.
The churches are Established and Free.
There are 3 schools for 174 scholars, and
1 of them for 60 is new.

GARTMORE, village and quoad sacra
parish on south-west verge of Perthshire.
The village stands on peninsula between
head-streams of the Forth, 10 miles west-
by-north of Kippen, and has a post office
under Stirling, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
80 scholars. Gartmore House is in its
vicinity. Pop. of the parish, 375.

GARTMORN, hill and large deep reser -
voir in Alloa parish, Clackmannanshire.

GARTNAVEL, eminence, crowned by
lunatic asylum, about a mile west of
Botanic Garden, Glasgow. The asylum
was erected in 1842 at a cost of more than
£45,000.

GARTNESS, estate on Endrick river, 22
miles south-west-by-west of Stirling. It
has a railway station, a post office under
Glasgow, remains of the residence of the
famous mathematician Napier, and a
curious cataract on the Endrick.

GARTNEY. See Stkathgartney.

GARTOCHARN, hamlet in Kilmaronock
parish, Dumbartonshire.

GARTSHERRIE, railway station, iron-
works, town, and quoad sacra parish in
north of Lanarkshire. The station is about
a mile west of that of Coatbridge. The iron-
works are a little east of the station, and
comprise 16 furnaces in two rows. The
town is part of Coatbridge, and contains
conspicuously on a small hill the steepled
parochial church. Pop. of the parish,
9070.

GARTSHORE, estate in Kirkintilloch
parish, Dumbartonshire.

GARTURK, quoad sacra parish in Old
Monkland, Lanarkshire. Its post town is
Coatbridge. The church was renovated
in 1881. Pop. 4266.

GARTWHINEAN, village in Fossaway
parish, Perthshire.

GARTY (EASTER and WESTER), places
in Loth parish, Sutherland.

GARVALD, village and parish in Had-

N

GAR

194

GAT

dingtonshire. The village stands 5J miles
south-east of Haddington, and has a post
office under Prestonkrrk, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
school about 133 scholars. Pop. 239.— The
parish measures 7f miles by 4, and com-
prises 13,442 acres. Eeal property in
1880-81, £9920. Pop. 758. About one-
fourth of the surface, forming the northern
section, is rich arable land ; and all the
rest is part of the Lammermoors, mostly
covered with heath. The seats are Nun-
raw and Hopes ; and the chief antiquities
are a large circular camp and ruins of
Whitecastle.

GARVALD, ancient parish, now part of
Kirkmichael, Dumfriesshire. Garvald
burn intersects it all, 5J miles southward
to the Ae, and makes several pretty cas-
cades and cataracts.

GARVALD, low rocky headland between
Port- Glasgow and Greenock, Renfrewshire.

GARVALD, seat in Dolphinton parish,

GARVALD, or GARREL, lofty hill and
burn, descending thence about 1000 feet, in
run of about 3 miles, to the Kelvin, in Kil-
syth parish, Stirlingshire.

GARVALD, or GARWAL, affluent of the
White Esk, with foaming cataract, in Esk-
dalemuir parish, Dumfriesshire.

GARVALT, fine cascade in Invercauld
forest, Crathie parish, Aberdeenshire.

GARVARY, hill on border of Eddertoun
parish, Eoss-shire.

GARVE, hamlet, river, and lake in Ross-
shire. The hamlet lies on the river 12f
miles west-by-north of Dingwall, and has
a post office designated of Ross-shire, a
railway station, and an inn. The river
rises on Dirrie Mountains, and runs about
18 miles south-south-eastward to the
Conan, at about 7 miles south-west of
Dingwall. The lake is a small but
pleasant expansion of the river, about 4
miles from the Conan.

GARVELLAN, islet, swarming with sea-
fowl, about 3 1 miles east of Cape Wrath,
Sutherland.

GARVELLOCH, islet-group midway be-
tween Scarba and Mull, Argyleshire. It is
4^ miles long, but very narrow ; belonged
to the ecclesiastics of Iona, and therefore
bears the alternative name of Holy Isles ;
and has vestiges of a church and cemetery.

GARVIEMORE, place, 18 miles south-
east of Fort-Augustus, Inverness-shire.

GARVOCK, parish, with church If mile
east-south-east of Laurencekirk, Kincar-
dineshire. Its post town is Laurencekirk.
Its length is 6^ miles ; its greatest breadth
2| miles ; its area 7966 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £6665. Pop. 428. The
surface is chiefly a hill-girt hollow. Gar-
vock Hill, at its south-west end, has an
altitude of 1003 feet above sea-level, com-
mands a rich panoramic view, and is
crowned by two cairns, the larger one sur-
mounted by a modem tower. The public
school accommodates 85 scholars ; and a

school in Laurencekirk belongs partly to
Garvock.

GARVOCK, seat in Dunning parish,
Perthshire.

GASCONHALL, ruined ancient castle,
alleged to be that which figured in the
history of Sir William Wallace, at eastern
extremity of Trinity-Gask parish, Perth-
shire ; but the real Gasconhall is thought
to have stood about 1\ mile to the north-
east of that.

GASK, or FINDO-GASK, parish, with
church about 8 miles south-west of Perth.
It contains Clathy village, and has a post
office of its own name under Auchterarder.
Its length is 3| miles ; its breadth 2J
miles ; its area 5185 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £5092. Pop. 364. The sur-
face is part of the north side of Strathearn.
The only mansion is Gask House ; and an
interesting antiquity is a Roman causeway.
The public school has accommodation for 75
scholars.

GASK, seat in Turriff parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

GASK, mound, thought to be remains of
Roman station, in Collessie parish, Fife.

GASK, place, with ancient Caledonian
stone circle, in Daviot parish, Inverness-
shire.

GASSTOWN, village in Dumfries parish,
Dumfriesshire. It has a post office under
Dumfries, and a public school with about
100 scholars.

GASWATER, village in Auchinleck
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 285.

GATEHEAD, village, railway station,
and colliery in Kilmaurs parish, Ayrshire.

GATEHOUSE, town on Fleet river, 5J
miles south of Dromore railway station,
and 8 north-west of Kirkcudbright. It
comprises Gatehouse-proper on the left
bank and Anwoth on the right ; was
founded, about the middle of last century,
around the 'gate-house' to Cally man-
sion ; became prosperous seat of manu-
facture, but subsided into a centre of
country business ; presents a well-built
appearance, amid charming environs ; and
has a post office, with all departments,
designated of Kirkcudbrightshire, 2 bank-
ing offices, a hotel, a handsome bridge, 2
Established churches, Free, United Pres-
byterian, and Episcopalian churches, and
2 public schools with about 164 scholars.
Pop. 1285.

GATESHAW, hill in Morebattle parish,
Roxburghshire.

GATESIDE, village in Strathmiglo parish,
Fife. It has a post office designated of
Fifeshire, a railway station, and a United
Presbyterian church, but is known also as
Edenshead.

GATESIDE, village in Beith parish, Ayr-
shire. Pop. 374.

GATESIDE, village, 4 miles south-east
of Paisley, Renfrewshire. Pop. 465.

GATESIDE, village in Warn phray parish,
Dumfriesshire. It has a United Presby-
terian church.

GAT

195

GIG

GATESIDE, place, with public school,
in Dumfries parish, Dumfriesshire.

GATESIDE, hamlet in Kirkgunzeon
parish, Dumfriesshire.

GATESIDE, seat in Newhills parish,
Aberdeenshire.

GATTONSIDE, village on the Tweed,
among orchards, about a mile north of
Melrose, Roxburghshire. It has a post
office under Melrose, and vestiges of a
fine ancient church. Pop. 224.

GAUIR, river, rising about 5 miles south
of head of Glencoe, in Argyleshire ; running
about 9 miles north-eastward thence into
Loch Lydoch ; and going thence about
miles eastward to head of Loch Bannoch,
in Perthshire. It forms all Loch Lydoch
by expansion of its bed ; afterwards forms
also the temporary Loch Eathach ; and is
itself the upper part of the river Tummel.

GAVIESIDE, village in West Calder
parish, Edinburghshire. Pop. 456.

GA VINTON, village, 1| mile south-west
of Dunse, Berwickshire. It was built in
1760 in lieu of ancient demolished vil-
lage of Langton, presents a neat appear-
ance, and has a post office under Dunse, a
handsome parochial church of 1873, and a
public school with about 119 scholars.

GAWREER, burn, running between Kil-
maurs and Dreghorn parishes to Irvine
river, Ayrshire.

GAYLET-POT, deep natural shaft into
great sea-cavern, about a mile south of
Auchmithie, Forfarshire.

GEANACH, mountain in Birse parish,
Aberdeenshire.

GE ANIES, seat inTarbat parish,Boss- shire.

GEDD, lake, discharging stream east-
ward to Loch Monar, Boss-shire.

GEDDES, seat and hill in Nairn parish,
Nairnshire.

GEDDESTON, village in Avoch parish,
IvOss~sliixG

GEIL, or GIVEL, affluent of the Avon, in
Avondale parish, Lanarkshire.

GELA, hamlet in Dunrossness parish,
Shetland.

GELLAN, lofty hill-summit on south
border of Coul parish, Aberdeenshire.

GELLY. See Lochgelly.

GELSTON, village, seat, and ancient
parish in Kirkcudbrightshire. The village
stands 2J miles south-south-east of Castle-
Douglas, and has a post office under
Castle-Douglas, remains of ancient parish
church, and a public school with about 70
scholars. The seat, Gelston Castle, is
near the village, and was built by the late
Sir William Douglas, Bart. The parish is
now part of Kelton.

GELT, head-stream of Lugar rivulet,
Ayrshire.

GENERAL'S BRIDGE, bridge on the
Yarrow, leading to the ducal seat of
Bowhill, Selkirkshire.

GENERAL'S HUT, inn near Fall of
Foyers, Inverness-shire.

GENOCH, seat, 4 miles west-by-south of
Glenluce, Wigtonshire.

GENTLEMEN'S CAVE, small cave, retreat
of fugitive Jacobites in 1746, at Bapness,
Westray Island, Orkney.

GEORGE (FORT). See Fort-George.

GEORGEMAS, railway junction, 14 miles
west of Wick, Caithness.

GEORGE (ST.), parish, with Established
and Free churches, in west of New Town,
Edinburgh. Pop., quoad civilia, 8094;
quoad sacra, 6149.

GEORGE (ST.), parish, with Established
and Free churches, in north-west of Glas-
gow. Pop., quoad sacra, 22,775.

GEORGE (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Aberdeen. Pop. 4452.

GEORGE (ST.) IN THE FIELDS, quoad
sacra parish in. north-western suburbs of
Glasgow. Pop. 18,433.

GEORGETOWN, village in Dumfries par-
ish, Dumfriesshire.

GEORGETOWN, or TIGHNALINN, ham-
let with site of church and barracks at
head of Loch Bannoch, Perthshire.

GERANTON, farm, with curious ancient
moat, in Crossmichael parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

GERARDINES, quondam natural cave,
richly adorned by art, at Lossiemouth,
Elginshire.

GERGASK, hamlet in Laggan parish,
Inverness-shire. It has a public school
with about 56 scholars.

GERSA, hamlet in Watten parish, Caith-
ness. It has a public school with about
79 scholars.

GERSTON, hamlet in Halkirk parish,
Caithness.

GEUSACHAN, seat and burn near head
of Strathglass, Inverness-shire.

GEYZEN-BRIGGS, obstructive shoal
across Dornoch Firth, 3 miles below Tain.

GHARAFADA, headland in Kilmuir par-
ish, Isle of Skye.

GIANTS' GRAVE, tumulus in Manor
parish, Peeblesshire,

GIANTS' LEG, coast cave, with project-
ing arch, in Bressay Island, Shetland.

GIFFEN, quondam conspicuous noble
castle, 2 miles east-south-east of Beith,
Ayrshire. It fell in 1838.

GIFFERTON, village in Collessie parish,
Fife.

GIFFNOCK, place, with railway station
and famous quarry, lh mile south of
Pollockshaws, Benfrewshire.

GIFFORD, village and rivulet in Had-
dingtonshire. The village stands on the
rivulet, 4 miles south-south-east of Had-
dington ; has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Haddington, Establishedand Free churches,
and 2 public schools with about 169 scholars ;
and was the birthplace of the Beformer
John Knox and Bev. Dr. John Wither-
spoon. Pop. 382. — The rivulet rises
among the highest of the Lammermoors,
and runs about 12 miles windingly north-
ward to the Tyne, at 1| mile south-west
of Haddington.

GIGHA, island and parish in south of

GIG

196

GIR

Argyleshire. The island lies 3J miles west
of northern part of Kintyre ; measures
7 miles in length, and in greatest
breadth ; presents cliffs to the sea along
its west side ; rises to heights of from 300
to 400 feet ; and has a post office under
Greenock, a parochial church, a Free
church preaching-station, and a public
school with about 52 scholars. Pop. 372. —
The parish includes also Cara and Gigulum
Islands, and comprises 3647 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £2460. Pop. 382.

GIGHA, islet in Barra parish, Outer
Hebrides.

GI6HT, ruined ancient castle in Fyvie
parish, Aberdeenshire.

GIGHT, rivulet, rising a little south-east
of Newbyth, and running about 8 miles
southward to the Kelly, in Aberdeenshire.

GIGHTY, burn, running between Kinnell
and Inverkeilor parishes to the Lunan,
in Forfarshire.

GIGULUM, small island near Cara, to
the south of Gigha, Argyleshire.

GILBERTFIELD, decayed mansion in
Carnbuslang parish, Lanarkshire.

GILCOMSTON, quoad sacra parish, with
Established church and Free church, in
Aberdeen. Pop. 12,616.

GILGAL, hamlet in Wamphray parish,
Dumfriesshire.

GILKERSCLEUGH, seat in Crawfordjohn
parish, Lanarkshire.

GILL, bay, 8| miles south-east-by-south
of Portpatrick, Wigtonshire.

GILL, reach of river Cree, traversing a
narrow gorge between Wigtonshire and
Kirkcudbrightshire.

GILL, burn, running between Walston
and Libberton parishes to the Medwin, in
Lanarkshire.

GILL,burn,traversing ravine to the Forth,
near Borrowstownness, Linlithgowshire.

GILLANDERS, cave in Golspie parish,
Sutherland.

GILLEAN, island in Lochalsh parish,
Ross-shire. Pop. 6.

GILLFOOT, seat near Crossford, Lanark-
shire.

GILLIES, hill adjacent to Bannockburn
battlefield, Stirlingshire.

GILLS, bay and village, 4 miles west-by-
south of J ohn-o'-Groats, Caithness.

GILMANSCLEUGH, place, 3| miles south-
west of Ettrick-Bridge, Selkirkshire.

GILMERTON, town and quoad sacra
parish in Edinburghshire. The town
stands 4 miles by road south-south-east
of Edinburgh ; has a post office under
Edinburgh, a railway station, and a public
school ; contains a curious artificial cave
described by Pennycuick, and is near a
very large colonnaded cavern, formed in
old subterranean limestone quarry. Pop.
of the town, 1082 ; of the quoad sacra
parish, 1330.

GILMERTON, village in Fowlis-Wester
parish, Perthshire. It has a post office
under Crieff.

GILMERTON, seat of Sir Alexander

Kinloch, Bart., in Athelstaneford parish,
Haddingtonshire.

GILMOUR'S LINN, cascade on Touch
burn, in St. Ninian's parish, Stirlingshire.

GILMOURTON, public school, with about
72 scholars, in Avondale parish, Lanarkshire.

GILNOCKIE, place on river Esk, If mile
north of Canonbie village, Dumfriesshire.
It has a railway station, and a public
school ; and it contains the ruined strong-
hold of the freebooter Johnnie Armstrong,
whom James v. caused to be hanged at
Caerlanrig.

GILP, sea-loch, about 1^ mile long, de-
flecting north-westward from Loch Fyne,
at Ardrishaig, Argyleshire.

GILSAY, island in Harris Sound, Outer
Hebrides.

GILSTON, village, 1\ miles south-east of
Ceres, Fife.

GIO, headland in extreme north of
Shapinshay Island, Orkney.

GIRDLENESS, promontory at south side
of mouth of river Dee, 2 miles south of
Aberdeen. It is crowned by a lighthouse
with two fixed lights, the one above the
other, visible at the distance of 16 and 19
nautical miles.

GIRGANTY, seat in Stewarton parish,
Ayrshire.

GIRLSTA, lake in Tingwall parish,
Shetland.

GIRNIGOE, ruined ancient baronial castle
near Noss-head, Wick parish, Caithness.

GIRTHGATE, special ancient road, still
traceable, from Old Melrose in Roxburgh-
shire to quondam famous hospital on
Soutra Hill, in Haddingtonshire.

GIRTHHEAD, seat in Wamphray parish,
Dumfriesshire.

GIRTHON, parish, containing most of
Gatehouse town, in Kirkcudbrightshire.
Its length is 18 miles ; its greatest breadth
7 miles ; its area 33,374 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £8939. Pop. 1415.
About three - fourths of the surface are
mostly bleak, heathy, and mountainous ;
and the rest, chiefly in the south, is
undulating and fertile, but mainly dis-
posed in grazing cattle. Loch Grannoch
and other lakes are in the north; and
Cally mansion adorns the south. The
churches are Established and Free ; and
there are 3 schools with accommodation
for 311 scholars.

GIRVAN, river, town, and parish in
Carrick, Ayrshire. The river issues from
small lakes in Straiton parish, and runs
about 25 miles windingly south-westward,
along a pleasant vale, to Firth of Clyde
nearly opposite Ailsa Craig. — The town
stands at the river's mouth, 21|- miles
south-south-west of Ayr ; dates from 11th
century, but never became more than a
village till recent times ; is now a seaport,
a seat of sheriff - courts, and a centre of
country business ; consists chiefly of small
houses occupied by weavers and other
operatives ; and has a head post office with
all departments, 2 railway stations, 5

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banking offices, 2 hotels, a public hall, 2
Established churches, Free, United Pres-
byterian, Episcopalian, and Koman Catho-
lic churches, a mechanics' institute, and 3
public schools. Pop. 4501.— The parish
measures 9 miles by 6, and comprises
14,580 acres. Real property in 1879-80,
£24,144. Pop., quoad civilia, 5480;
quoad sacra, 2827. The coast has an
extent of fully 8 miles, and is bold and
rocky over about one-third, and flat over
the rest. The interior is mostly upland
and pastoral in the south, and variously
flat and undulating in the north. Chief
seats are Glendoune and Ardmillan, and
chief antiquities are vestiges of 5 camps.
Six schools for 1307 scholars are in the
parish, and 3 of them and an enlargement
for 830 are new.

GIRVAN AND STRANRAER RAILWAY,
railway from junction with Glasgow and
South-Western system at Girvan southward
to junction with Castle-Douglas and Port-
Patrick Railway, 6f miles east of Stranraer.
It was commenced in 1871 ; it encountered
many unforeseen obstructions to its forma-
tion ; it was undertaken on a capital of
£250,000 in shares and £83,000 in loans,
but required nearly £200,000 additional to
carry it forward ; and it was not completed
till 1877. The land for it cost, on the
average, about £1500 a mile ; the cuttings
and embankments, especially in the first
8 miles, proved exceedingly heavy; a
treacherous bog, in another part, occasioned
vast labour to secure foothold ; compact
rock, in several parts, occasioned stiff
courses of boring ; and the bridges, though
generally small, yet by their large total of
103, involved great aggregate of work.
Only a single line of rails was laid, but
provision was everywhere made for a
double line. The railway starts from
Girvan in a south - westerly direction,
traverses for some miles the valley of the
Stinchar, ascends the vale of the Dhuisk,
strikes into and descends the vale of Cross
Water of Luce, and passes into and
descends the main valley of the Luce.

GIRVAN (SOUTH), quoad sacra parish
with church in Girvan. Pop. 2649.

GLACK, hill-pass, traversed by Dundee
and Newtyle Railway, in Newtyle parish,
Forfarshire.

GLACK, estate in Daviot parish, Aber-
deenshire.

GLACKHARNIS, long deep narrow hill-
pass in Aberlour parish, Banffshire.

GLACKINGDALINE, bay, with high
steep rock, crowned by ruined Scandina-
vian castle, in Ulva Island, Argyleshire.

GLADEFIELD, seat in Kincardine par-
ish, Ross-shire.

GLADHOUSE, rivulet, bisecting Temple
parish, 8 miles northward to the South
Esk, at 5£ miles south-east of Dalkeith,
Edinburghshire.

GLADNEY. See Glaidney.

GLADSMUIR, village and parish in Had-
dingtonshire. The village stands 4 miles

west-by-south of Haddington, and has a
post office under Tranent, a parochial
church, and a public school with about 78
scholars. — The parish contains also the
villages of Penston, Macmerry, Longnid-
dry, and Samuelston, and is bounded for
about a mile by Firth of Forth. Its
length is 4J miles ; its greatest breadth 3f
miles ; its area 7043 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £17,886. Pop._ 1747. The
coast is rocky, and the interior rises
gently thence and from the Tyne to a
central low ridge. Coal and iron - ore
abound, and are largely worked. Limestone
also is found, and has been worked. The
seats are Redcoll, Elvingston, and South-
field ; and the chief antiquities are re-
mains and sites of several old mansions.
There are 4 schools with accommodation for
371 scholars.

GLAIDNEY, suburb of Ceres, Fife.
GLAISSEAN, lake in Glassary parish,
Argyleshire.

GLAITNESS, place in Kirkwall parish,
Orkney. It has a public school with about
157 scholars.

GLAMAIG, lofty mountain on south side
of Loch Sligichan, Isle of Skye.

GLAMMIS, village, noble mansion, and
parish in south-west of Forfarshire. The
village stands 1^ mile south-east of railway
station of its own name, at 27 miles north-
east of Perth ; has a post office designated
of Forfarshire, a banking office, an inn, a
public hall, a neat parochial church, an
Episcopalian mission, and a public school
with about 191 scholars ; and gives the title
of baron to the Earl of Strathmore. Pop.
345. — The mansion, Glammis Castle,
stands in the northern vicinity of the
village ; is the seat of the Earl of Strath-
more ; has association with Shakespeare's
view of the thanedom of Macbeth; was
once a royal palace, and the death-place of
Malcolm II. ; stands within a mile of three
ancient obelisks thought to be commemo-
rative of Malcolm's death ; was given by
the crown in 1372 to an ancestor of the
Earl of Strathmore ; went back to the
crown in 1537 on account of Lady Glammis'
execution for alleged witchcraft, but was
restored to her son ; is an imposing pile of
ancient and modern portions, with numer-
ous turrets and lofty central tower; and
contains a number of interesting ancient
curiosities. — The parish contains also the
villages of Charleston, Newton, Milton,
Thornton, Drumgley, Grasshouses, and
Arnifoul. Its length is 7 miles ; its greatest
breadth 4^ miles ; its area 14,347 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £16,001. Pop.
1631. The northern section is an un-
dulated portion of Strathmore ; the central
section rises gently thence to summits of
the Sidlaws, from 500 to 700 feet high ;
and the southern section consists of loftier
Sidlaws intersected by Ogilvie and Denoon
glens. The antiquities include two small
circular moats, remains of a hill -fort,
and sites of three extinct castles. There

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are 4 schools for 383 scholars, and 1 of
them includes a recent enlargement for 165.

GLANDERSTON, estate in Neilston par-
ish, Renfrewshire.

GLASCHOIREN, mountain in Ardna-
murchan parish, Argyleshire.

GLASFORD. See Glassford.

GLASGOEGO, seat in Kinellar parish,
Aberdeenshire.

GLASGOW, city on the Clyde, 43 miles
by road, but 47J miles by railway, west-by-
south of Edinburgh. It was formerly an
archiepiscopal seat, and it is now a burgh,
sending three members to Parliament, the
political capital of Lanarkshire, the seat of
justiciary courts for three counties, the seat
of a university, a head port, the commercial
and manufacturing capital of Scotland,
and the third or second most wealthy and
populous town of the United Kingdom.
The Clyde bisects it from end to end.
The site over all the south side, and over
about one-half of the north side, is part of
the bed of an ancient estuary, nearly quite
level ; and that of the northern half of the
north side is a diversity of slope, plateau,
and hill rising to altitudes of from 135 to
215 feet above the plain, and cut into three
sections by transverse ravines. The city
sprang from a Culdee cell, erected by St.
Mungo or Kentigern, about the year 560,
on west brow of the eastern ravine, about
a mile from the Clyde ; it extended slowly,
for a long period, over only the adjacent
plateau and slopes ; it went little farther,
till latter part of last century, than in
narrow breadth southward to the Clyde,
with some flanking to the east and the
west ; it spread more rapidly till about
the year 1820, chiefly by westward exten-
sion on the north ; and it then began
to undergo increasingly rapid extension,
mostly toward the west and the south, till
it measured about 3 miles by 2 in compact
masses of street, and about 6 miles by 4|
to the ends and sides of its suburbs and
outskirts. But the area of its parishes,
besides a large portion on the south side
within Renfrewshire, comprises 20, 481 acres .

Most of the streets run in straight lines ;
many cross one another at right angles ; the
greater number are spacious ; two terraces,
each open to the river, extend along the
Clyde ; and several squares, wide crescents,
and other open spaces, relieve the density
of the street masses. The old portions,
both central and suburban, became in great
degree squalid and pestiferous ; but by
demolition, reconstruction, and other
methods, have undergone a pleasant change.
An Improvement Trust commenced opera-
tions in 1866, provided new house accom-
modation for great multitudes prior to
1877, had then completed only about half
of their scheme, were then proceeding to
widen some streets, demolish others, con-
struct new ones, and form squares or other
open areas, and promoted a bill in the
session of 1879-80 to increase their borrow-
ing powers from £1,250,000 to £1,500,000.

The unrenovated old parts are mostly very
plain ; but the modern extensions abound
in neatness and taste, and exhibit large
amount and great variety of architectural
ornament. The general alignment, the
prevailing structure, and the large aggre-
gate of beauty, even despite of crowds of
factories and volumes of smoke in certain
parts, present a striking contrast to the
character of most of the large towns of
England. The public buildings also, in
the aggregate, are highly imposing ; many
of the semi-public buildings, and some of
the warehouses too, are richly embellished ;
and all these, as well as most of the other
houses, derive much advantage from being
built of a light-coloured, fine-grained, sili-
ceous sandstone.

The County and Municipal Buildings
form one block, and comprise the County
Court-Houses fronting Ingram Street,
the County Offices fronting Hutcheson
Street, and the Municipal Rooms fronting
Wilson Street, the first erected in 1862
and 1872 at a cost of about £90,000, the
second in 1843 at a cost of £10,300, the
third in 1844 at a cost of £62,000. New
Municipal Buildings, to occupy all the
east side of George Square, and to cost
probably about £250,000, were in progress
of approved design in July 1882. The
Central Police Office, in Bell Street, is a
high hollow square, and was erected in
1825 and 1851 at a cost of £21,000. The
South Prison, fronting west end of Glas-
gow Green, was erected in 1801-4 at a
cost of £34,800, and is now used chiefly
for the justiciary courts. The North
Prison, in Duke Street, is a dismal group
of strong structures, erected at five succes-
sive times from 1798 till 1872. A new
prison, to supersede that in Duke Street,
and to stand on a tract of 32 acres, near
Cumbernauld Road, about 3 miles from Glas-
gow, was projected in early part of 1880.
The old Tolbooth, figuring in Sir Walter
Scott's novel of Bob Boy, occupied the site of
a lofty block of business premises at corner
of High Street and Trongate; and the
steeple which adjoins it still stands, has a
height of 126 feet, and terminates in the
form of an imperial crown. The Tontine
Buildings, containing the old town hall,
contiguous to the site of the old Tolbooth,
and long proverbial for unique structure,
were reduced to commonplace features by
the City Improvement Trust. The old.
Barracks, on an area with spacious parade-
ground in Gallowgate, were erected in
1795 ; and the Improvement Trust de-
signed in 1877 to convert their area into a
public square. The New Barracks, near
Maryhill, were completed in 1875, and are
very superior to the old.

The City Hall, in Candlerigg Street, has
a very plain exterior, but contains an
apartment with accommodation for nearly
4000 persons. The Trades Hall, in Glass-
ford Street, was erected in 1791, and
served for all sorts of public assemblies,

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and was designed in 1877 to be entirely
rebuilt on a larger scale. The Procurators'
Hall, with fronts to St. George Place and
West Nile Street, was erected in 1856,
and is in florid Venetian style. The New
Public Halls, with frontages to Berkeley
Street, Granville Street, and Kent Road,
were erected in 1874-77 at an estimated
cost of about £62,500, cover an area of
3500 square yards, and contain a main
hall with accommodation for 2926 persons,
and numerous other apartments. The
Royal Exchange, confronting the line of
Ingram Street, was erected in 1829 at a
cost of £60,000; has an octostyle Corin-
thian portico and a cyclostyle lantern-
tower; and contains an ornate very
spacious reading -hall. The Stock Ex-
change, at corner of Buchanan Street and
St. George Place, was erected in 1875-77
at a cost of about £45,000, and is in
ornate Gothic style, with tower 112 feet
high. The Merchants' House, on west
side of George Square, was erected in
1874-76, and is in elaborate Italian style,
with tower 122 feet high. The Post Office,
on south side of George Square, was
founded in 1876 by the Prince of Wales ;
presents flank frontages to South Han-
over and South Frederick Streets ; covers
an area of fully 2500 square yards ; and
possesses ample apartments and facile ar-
rangements for all departments of its work.

The Bank of Scotland, at corner of St.
Vincent Place and George Square, was
erected in 1867, and has, over its entrance,
a massive entablature resting on cattle
caryatides. The Royal Bank, behind the
Royal Exchange, was erected in 1829,
has a fine Ionic portico, and was recon-
structed throughout its interior in 1874.
The British Linen Company's Bank, at
corner of Queen Street and Ingram Street,
is a large, lofty, ornate Venetian edifice,
with fine balustrade. The Commercial
Bank, on north side of Gordon Street, was
erected in 1857, and is a large and highly
ornate structure,resembling Farnese Palace
in Rome. The National Bank, on west
side of Queen Street, is in rich mixed
Italian style. The Union Bank, on south
side of Ingram Street, was erected in 1842,
and much altered and enlarged in 1877-78,
and has a lofty hexastyle Doric portico,
surmounted by six colossal statues. The
Clydesdale Bank, in St. Vincent Place,
was erected in 1872-73 ; presents three
storeys, successively rusticated, Ionic, and
Corinthian ; and has a lofty entrance
portico with side groups of sculpture.
The quondam City of Glasgow Bank,
extending from Virginia Street to Glass-
ford Street, was in course of enlargement
when the bank became insolvent, was
carried to completion by the liquidators,
and was sold to warehousemen in 1880 for
£45,000. The Savings Bank, in Glassford
Street, was erected in 1865 at a cost of
£14,000. The Scottish Amicable Assur-
ance Office, in St. Vincent Place, was

erected in 1872-73, and is in rich Italian
style with sculptured symbols. The City
of Glasgow Life Assurance Office, in Ren-
field Street, is also in rich Italian style,
and has colossal statues of St. Mungo and
St. Andrew. Several other semi-public
edifices are of similar character.

A monument to Sir Walter Scott, com-
prising lofty pedestal, column 80 feet
high, and colossal statue, erected in 1837,
stands in the centre of George Square.
Equestrian statues of Queen Victoria and
the Prince Consort, constructed in 1854
and 1866, stand in the middle of respec-
tively the west and the east divisions of
that square. Pedestalled bronze statues
of Sir John Moore, 1819 ; James Watt,
1832 ; Sir Robert Peel, 1858 ; Lord Clyde,
1866; Dr. Thomas Graham, 1872 ; the poet
Burns, 1877 ; the poet Campbell, 1877 ; and
Dr. Livingstone, 1879, stand on the bor-
ders of that square. An equestrian statue
of the Duke of Wellington, erected in 1844
at a cost of £10,000, stands in front of the
Royal Exchange. An equestrian statue of
King William ill., presented to the city
in 1736, stands in front of the Tontine
Buildings. A monument of Lord Provost
Stewart, in form of large jet fountain
with surmounting figure of the ' Lady of
the Lake,' for benefits conferred in water-
supply from Loch Katrine, stands near
the centre of Kelvingrove Park. An
obeliskal monument of Lord Nelson, 144
feet high, erected in 1806, stands on
Glasgow Green. A statue of James
Lumsden, erected in 1862, for services to
the Royal Infirmary, stands in the Infir-
mary's front. A fine bronze statue of
Rev. Dr. Norman M'Leod, erected in 1881,
stands near Barony Church. Conspicuous
or handsome monuments to John Knox,
William M'Gavin, Major Monteith, Prin-
cipal Macf arlane, Rev. Drs. Dick, Wardlaw,
Heugh, and Black, Rev. Edward Irving.
Charles Tennant, James Ewing, Michael
Scott, the poet Motherwell, and other
eminent persons, stand in the Necropolis
overlooking the Cathedral. An obeliskal
monument of the Radicals Hardie and
Baird, and numerous other monuments,
stand on the conspicuous rising ground of
Sighthill Cemetery.

Glasgow Bridge, on the Clyde at head
of the harbour, was erected in 1835 in lieu
of a previous beautiful bridge, at a cost of
£37,000, is 560 feet long and 60 feet wide ;
and was proposed in 1877 to be widened
30 feet at an estimated cost of £33,000.
The pedestrian suspension bridge, about
200 yards east of Glasgow Bridge, was
erected in 1853 and improved in 1871 ;
and was proposed in 1877 to be superseded
by a carriage bridge at a cost of about
£80,000 for construction, and about £41,065
for requisite adjacent street alterations.
Victoria Bridge, on a line with Stockwell
Street, superseded a bridge of 1345, long
the only one for the city ; was erected in
1856 at a cost of £40,000 ; and is 445 feet

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long and 60 feet wide. Albert Bridge, on
a line with Saltmarket Street, superseded
a faulty bridge of 1833, was erected in
1870-71, and shows remarkable combina-
tion of commodiousness and elegance.
The pedestrian suspension bridge, near
Nelson's Monument, was erected in 1855.
The Caledonian Eailway viaduct, about
115 feet west of Glasgow Bridge, was
constructed in 1876-79, stands 32 feet over
the level of high-water, has a width of 50
feet between the bearing girders, and is
perfectly level from end to end. The
Union Railway viaduct, about 165 yards
east of Victoria Bridge, was completed in
1870, and presents a very plain appear-
ance. A handsome iron bridge on the
Kelvin, to connect the two portions of
Kelvinside Park, and to form a direct
route from Glasgow-proper to the Hillhead
side of the University, was founded in
October 1880.

The City Bazaar, between Candlerigg
and Albion Streets, covers the ground of
the old city bowling-green, comprises an
area of 2377 square yards, and has good
arrangements for almost every kind of
commodity. The Cattle Market, between
eastern part of Duke Street and Gallow-
gate, comprises an area of 30,000 square
yards, has prime arrangements and appli-
ances, and witnesses the sale of about
400,000 animals a year. The Fish Market,
extending from Clyde Street to Bridgegate,
is a recent erection, in room of a previous
one, measures 190 feet in length, and 90
feet in average width, and has a light
arched roof 60 feet high. The Dead
Meat Market, and the abbatoirs, in eastern
vicinity of that, became so insufficient for
the demands on them, that a bill was
promoted in the session of 1876-77 for
power to enlarge them, to construct a
Hide Market, to acquire adjacent lands
or houses for them, and to borrow for
these purposes an additional £80,000.
The revenue from the cattle, fish, and
dead-meat markets and the abbatoirs in
1880 was £15,281 ; the expenditure,
£5348.

Spacious first-class hotels stood on north
and east sides of George Square, on ground
required for extension of North British
Railway station, and for erection of New
Municipal Buildings. Other prime hotels
are numerous, both in the same vicinity
and in other central thoroughfares. The
Western Club, at north corner of Buchanan
and St. Vincent Streets, is a large orna-
mental edifice in the Italian palatial style,
with tetrastyle entrance porch and rich
general entablature, and has apartments
and fittings on a grand scale and in high
elegance. The New Club, in West George
Street, was inaugurated in January 1880 ;
has a handsome street frontage of 84 feet,
with sculptural embellishments ; and con-
tains a dining-hall 76 feet long, 30 feet
wide, and 24 feet high. The Queen's
Rooms, near south entrance of Kelvin-

grove Park, were erected in 1860 ; have,
in three fronts, a series of emblematic
sculptures ; and possess accommodations
for assemblies, concei-ts, and public enter-
tainments. Kelvingrove Museum, in the
park adjacent to the Kelvin, is a Roman
Doric edifice of 1874-75 adjoined to an old
mansion, was designed to be extended,
and contains a large collection of both
natural and artificial curiosities. The
Corporation Picture Galleries, on north
side of Sauchiehall Street, are large, lofty,
and handsome ; contain halls for exhibi-
tions, concerts, conversaziones, and civic
public banquets ; have a rich collection of
pictures and sculptures, freely open to the
public ; and include the School of Art
class-rooms and two special libraries. The
Fine Art Institute, on south side of
Sauchiehall Street, was erected in 1879-80,
at a cost of about £15,000 ; is embellished
with historical and emblematic sculptures ;
and contains six galleries, the largest mea-
suring 96 by 31 feet. The Athenaeum, in
Ingram Street, was originally the Assembly
Rooms, erected in 1796-1807, and contains
amusement rooms, abundantly - supplied
reading-rooms, and a library with more
than 11,000 volumes. The Mitchell Library,
also in Ingram Street, but in temporary
premises, was opened near the end of 1877,
contains a library with more than 32,000
volumes, and a magazine-room with more
than 150 serials, and is free to the public
without either introduction or guarantee.
Stirling's and Glasgow public library, in
Miller Street, comprises two large libraries,
formerly and long in separate buildings,
and is free to the public for consultation.
The Theatre Royal, in Hope Street, was
opened in October 1880, occupies the site
of a previous theatre destroyed by fire, and
has sitting accommodation for nearly 3000
persons. The Royalty Theatre, in Sauchie-
hall Street, was opened in December 1879.
Other theatres are the Gaiety in Sauchie-
hall Street, the Prince of Wales in Cow-
caddens, and the Boyal Princess in Gorbals.
Music halls are the Royal in Dunlop
Street, the Scotia in Stockwell Street,
and the Britannia in Trongate.

The Old University, on east side of
High Street, was erected chiefly in 1632-
62 ; comprised three quadrangles of official
buildings, and one of professors' houses ;
had a frontage of 305 feet, and a steeple
148 feet high ; and is now, with demolition
or change of its backward parts, the eastern
station of North British Railway. The
New College, on Gilmpurhill, adjacent to
right side of the Kelvin, was founded in
1866, opened in 1870, and in such condition
at October 1873 as to require £71,000 for
completion ; cost till that date £415,000 ;
covers nearly four times more ground than
was occupied by the Old College ; presents
to the south a main frontage 532 feet long,
with central tower 150 feet high, and
spire also 150 feet high ; includes two
great blocks for respectively a vast library

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and very rich museum ; acquired in 1881-82
a central common hall, 110 feet long, 68
feet wide, and 74 feet high ; is in mixed
styles of architecture, with predominance
of early pointed ; has 27 professorships
and 5 lectureships ; and, in the session
of 1879-80, had 2235 matriculated stu-
dents. Anderson's College, in George
Street, dates from 1796, but occupies
an edifice of 1782, considerably recon-
structed since 1876 ; has 19 professor-
ships or lectureships, besides conductors
of junior and evening classes ; includes
an extensive museum ; and is usually
attended by upwards of 2200 students.
The Royal Observatory, on Dowanhill,
about 5 furlongs north-west of the New
College, is a handsome modern structure,
and commands an extensive view. A new
observatory, to stand on an eminence near
Maryhill, to rise to the height of 200 feet,
and to cost at least £10,000, was projected
in June 1880. The Royal Botanic Garden,
at north-west extremity of Hillhead, com-
prises 6J acres, includes picturesque steep
descents to the Kelvin, and has good
buildings, arrangements, and walks. The
Kibble Crystal Palace, within the Botanic
Garden, was transposed thither from Coul-
port in 1872 ; and has two domes about 40 ft.
high, and accommodation for about 7000
persons. The Winter Gardens, in southern
vicinity of the Botanic Garden, were opened
in 1875, and have glass-houses aggregately
extending to 1320 feet.

The former High School, behind north
side of George Street, was a plain edifice
of about 1820, measuring 120 feet by 28.
The present High School, in Elmbank
Place, is a handsome spacious edifice, was
erected in 1846, under name of Glasgow
Academy, by a sharehold company, and
went by sale in 1877 for £32,000 to the
City School Board. The Board, in 1880,
had in operation 37 permanent elementary
schools with accommodation for 30,457
scholars, 7 temporary elementary schools
with accommodation for 2454 scholars,
and 20 elementary evening schools with
4446 scholars on the roll. The present
Glasgow Academy, on Great Western Road,
and Kelvinside Academy, are secondary or
higher-class schools. Hutcheson's Hospital,
at corner of Ingram Street and John Street,
is a steepled edifice of 1639-41 ; had long
an endowment revenue of about £3000
a year, spent in educating poor boys and
pensioning poor burgesses ; and now has
an income of about £7000, spent in main-
taining two secondary schools, providing
extensive primary education, and giving
numerous school and college bursaries.
The capital value of endowments in the
city, inclusive of Hutcheson's, was in
1880, for mainly and simply elementary
education, about £66,539 ; for education
of poor children, £52,635 ; for mainten-
ance or clothing, along with education,
£318,317 ; for education restricted to par-
ticular classes of the people, £214,616 ;

for education through lectures, libraries,
and similar means, £43,511 ; for religious
instruction, £2660. The Church of Scot-
land Normal School, at east end of New
City Road, was erected in 1827 at a cost
of £15,000, and has a front 128 feet long,
receding wings 110 feet long, and a central
tower. The Free Church Normal School,
in Cowcaddens Street, was erected in 1846
at a cost of £8000, and is a spacious Gothic
edifice. The Mechanics' Institution, in
Bath Street, was erected in 1861 at a cost
of about £4000, maintains teaching and
lecturing on many subjects, includes a
model room and a laboratory, and receives
aid from Hutcheson's Hospital endowment.
The Veterinary College, in Buccleuch
Street, and the Agricultural College,
affiliated to it, also maintain teaching and
lecturing, and have suitable appliances.

The Cathedral, on brink of eastern
ravine, about a mile north-east-by-east of
the Royal Exchange, covers the site of St.
Mungo's cell ; was founded in 1136, and
built chiefly in 1192-97 ; underwent reno-
vation in years subsequent to 1828 ; consists
of nave, choir, small south transept, Lady
chapel, crypt, and chapter-house, with,
central steeple 225 feet high ; measures
319 feet in length, 63 feet in breadth, and
90 feet in height ; and acquired, in course
of its renovation, a surpassingly rich dis-
play of stained-glass windows. The nave
is 155 feet long, and forms a striking
specimen of pure early pointed architec-
ture ; the choir is 97 feet long, has been
refitted in the old cathedral style, and
serves as the High or St. Mungo's Parochial
Church ; the Lady chapel extends eastward
from the choir, stands on declivity of the
ravine's brow, and exhibits there, at great
height, richly carved early pointed win-
dows ; the crypt underlies the choir and
the Lady chapel, measures 125 feet in
length, forms a chef-d'oeuvre of architecture
in styles from plain Norman to intricate
second pointed, served long as the Barony
parochial church, and figures graphically
in Sir Walter Scott's novel of Rob Roy.
St. Andrew's Established Church, in St.
Andrew Square, was erected in latter part
of last century, has a hexastyle composite
portico surmounted by lofty steeple, and
was renovated in 1879-80 at a cost of
£2600. St. David's Established Church,
confronting head of Candlerigg Street,
occupies the site of a previous church of
1724, and is cruciform and Gothic, with
pinnacled tower 120 feet high. St. John's
Established Church, confronting short
street off Gallowgate, was erected for
Rev. Dr. Chalmers, and is a large Gothic
structure with pinnacled tower. Park
Established Church, on high ground ad-
jacent to Kelvingrove Park, was erected in
1861, and is a massive Gothic edifice with
lofty tower terminated in eight pinnacles.
74 other Established churches are within
the city and suburbs, and some of them
are noticed in our other articles.

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The Free Church College, in near vicinity
to Park Established Church, was erected
in 1860-62 ; presents to the west a Saxon
front, surmounted by very lofty, massive,
ungraduated tower ; and has 4 professor-
ships in theology and a lectureship in
physical science. College Free Church
projects from north side of Free Church
College, was erected at the same time as
that edifice, and has an octostyle Corin-
thian portico. St. John's Free Church, in
George Street, was erected in 1845, is in
middle pointed style, and has a lofty
beautiful spire. Eenfield Free Church,
in West Bath Street, was erected in 1857
at a cost of about £12,000, and is in florid
Gothic style with tall open octagonal
turrets. St. Matthew's Free Church, a
little farther west, has a rich Gothic
front and a fine lofty steeple. 69 other
Free churches are within the city and
suburbs. — Greyfriars United Presbyterian
Church, in North Albion Street, was
erected in 1821 at a cost of £8300, and is
a spacious edifice with Grecian portico.
Cathedral Square United Presbyterian
Church was erected in 1879-80 in lieu
of a previous church in Duke Street, sold
to North British Railway Company for
£18,500, and is in the Italian style with
tower 111 feet high. Camphill United
Presbyterian Church was completed in
1877 at a cost of £13,000, and has a fine
costly organ. Wellington Street United
Presbyterian Church was erected in 1828
at a cost of about £9000, and has a hand-
some Grecian portico. St. Vincent Street
United Presbyterian Church was erected
in 1858, is a large structure with cupola-
capped tower, and shows juxtapositions of
Ionic and Egyptian architecture. Renfield
Street United Presbyterian Church, adja-
cent to Sauchiehall Street, was erected in
1848 at a cost of £12,695, and exhibits
ornate Gothic features. Bath Street
United Presbyterian Church was erected
in 1875-76 at a cost of about £9000, and is
in the Grecian style. Lansdowne United
Presbyterian Church, near west end of
Great Western Road, was erected in 1862-
63 at a cost of more than £12,500, and is
in the middle pointed style with tower and
slender spire 220 feet high. Woodland
Road United Presbyterian Church was
erected in 1875 at a cost of about £16,000,
and is spacious and elegant. 52 other
United Presbyterian churches, 3 United
Original Secession churches, a Reformed
Presbyterian church, and 2 Free Presby-
terian places of worship are within the
city and suburbs.

Elgin Place Congregational Church, near
West Bath Street, was erected in 1856, in
lieu of Dr. Wardlaw's church in George
Street, now included in North British
Railway station, and is a handsome edi-
fice with florid Ionic portico. Trinity
Congregational Church, in Claremont
Street, was erected about 1867, and is an
ornate edifice with tower and spire. Dun-

das Street Evangelical Union Church was
erected about 1842, and is a triple-gabled
Norman structure, with flank entrance-
tower and truncated spire. 12 other Con-
gregational churches, 9 other Evangelical
Union churches, an old Scotch Indepen-
dent church, a Baptist church erected in
1877 at a cost of £12,000, 12 other Baptist
places of worship, a Glassite church, a
Free Gospel church, a Swedenborgian
church, 5 Plymouth Brethren's places of
worship, 2 of Christian Israelites, 1 of
Quakers, 2 of Unitarians, and 6 of other
small denominations, are within the city
and suburbs. The Wesleyan Methodist
Church in Sauchiehall Street, in lieu of
a previous church in John Street, was
erected in 1880-81 at a cost of about
£8200, and includes a church-proper with
785 sittings, and a hall with 500. 6 other
Wesleyan Methodist churches, and 3
Primitive Methodist places of worship, are
within the city and suburbs. The Evan-
gelistic Hall, in James Morrison Street,
was completed in May 1877 at a cost of
£14,000. The Christian Institute, in
Both well Street, was completed in October
1879 at a cost of £28,500; is an elegant
Gothic edifice with hagiological sculptures
and a tower 126 feet high ; and contains a
very spacious hall, class-rooms, library,
reading-rooms, and gymnasium.

St. Mary's Episcopalian Church, on
Great Western Road, was erected in 1870-
71 at a cost of about £20,000, is an ornate
edifice in the early pointed style, and has
a pinnacled square tower and octagonal
spire. St. Jude's Episcopalian Church, at
south-west comer of Blythswood Square,
is a neat oblong structure in Grseco-Egyp-
tian style. 8 other Episcopalian churches
and 2 Episcopalian missions are within the
city and suburbs. — St. Andrew's Roman
Catholic Church, in Great Clyde Street
between Victoria and Glasgow Bridges,
was erected as nave and aisles in 1817 at
a cost of more than £13,000 ; was enlarged
with transepts and interiorly improved in
1871 ; and is a spacious florid Gothic
edifice, with profusion of turrets and
crocketted pinnacles. St. Mungo's Roman
Catholic Church, in Parson Street near the
Cathedral, was erected in 1869, together
with large schools and 6 priests' residences,
and it forms with them an extensive mass
of stractures. St. Francis' Roman Catholic
Church, in Cumberland Street, was erected
in 1880-81 ; was estimated to cost about
£12,000 ; and is a splendid edifice in the
early decorated style. 15 other Roman
Catholic churches and 2 convents are
within the city and suburbs. — The Jewish
Synagogue, at corner of Hill Street and
Thistle Street, Garnethill, was erected in
1878-79 at a cost of about £10,000 ex-
clusive of the site, and is in the Romanesque
style with Byzantine details.

The Royal Infirmary, on site of archi-
episcopal palace near the Cathedral, was
erected in 1792-94 ; is a large, isolated,

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five-storey, cupola-crowned edifice, in the
Roman - Corinthian style ; contains 15
wards and 283 beds ; and in the year 1879
treated 5285 in-door patients, gave aid
through its dispensary to 32,547 patients,
and had an income and an expenditure of
respectively £27,153 and £28,132. The
Western Infirmary, in western vicinity of
the New College, was opened, incomplete,
in October 1874 ; was estimated to cost, at
completion, not less than £100,000 ; is
constructed on the block and pavilion
system ; measures 460 feet by 260 ;
and in the year 1876 admitted 1767
patients, treated 7808 out-patients, and
had an ordinary income and expenditure
of respectively £9993 and £11,478. The
Fever Hospital, a little north of the Royal
Infirmary, was erected about 1816, is a
large plain edifice, and contains 11 wards
and 267 beds. The Smallpox Hospital,
contiguous to the Belvidere Fever Hospital,
was erected in 1875-77, at a cost of about
£27,500 ; comprises 5 pavilions, each with
4 wards ; and has accommodation for
about 150 patients. The Eye Infirmary, in
Berkeley Street, has 70 beds for operation
cases, and treats annually more than 8000
patients. The Maternity Hospital, at
corner of North Portland Street and
Rottenrow, was rebu;lt in 1880-81, is in
plain early English style, has 36 beds for in-
door patients, and treats annually more than .
1000 cases. The' Asylum for the Blind,
about 280 yards north-north-west of the
Cathedral, was erected in 1827-28, contains
both schools and workshops, and produces
goods worth about £16,000 a year. The
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, adjoin-
ing south side of Queen's Park, was erected
in 1871, and is a large handsome edifice in
the Venetian style. The Lunatic Asylum,
at Gartnavel, was erected in 1842 at a cost
of more than £45,000, is in mixed style of
Saxon and Gothic, contains accommoda-
tion for 680 patients, and had in 1879
an income of £28,459.

The City Poorhouse, in Parliamentary
Road, was erected as the Lunatic Asylum
amid a thoroughly rural tract ; lost fitness
for its purpose by city extension and railway
operation ; became the City Poorhouse for
a payment of £15,000 ; and is a large eight-
sided edifice, with radiating wings and a
central dome. The Barony Poorhouse, in
a north-eastern suburb, is noticed in our
article on Barnhill. The Boys' Refuge
and Reformatoiy, near corner of Duke
Street and Craigpark Street, was erected
in 1836-38 at a cost of about £13,000, and
is a large edifice in the Roman style. The
Girls' Refuge and Reformatory is at Loch-
burn, near Maryhill ; the Boys' Industrial
Schools are at Mossbank, Hogganfield ; the
Girls' Industrial Schools are in Rottenrow ;
a Day Industrial School is in Green Street ;
and Reformatories and Industrial Schools
are connected with the Roman Catholic
churches. The Juvenile Delinquency Com-
missioners' income and expenditure in 1880

were respectively £10,026 and £9068.
Lodging-houses, on a great scale, well-
constructed, and in several localities, have
been erected by the City Improvement
Trust, and they yielded in 1880 a revenue
of £6990. The Lodging-House Association,
formed in 1847, had several extensive pre-
mises ; possessed, in 1877, a capital of
£9000, and property worth £20,000; and
was then dissolved with the result of re-
paying all its debenture holders, and giving
a balance of nearly £10,000 to the Royal
Infirmary. The Public Baths, in London
Road, were built in 1855, and renovated
and enlarged in 1876, and have a swimming-
bath and 27 ordinary baths. The
Public Baths and Wash-Houses, at Green
head, were erected in 1877-78 at a cost of
nearly £20,000, and have 2 swimming
baths for respectively males and females,
15 other baths, and 48 washing compart-
ments.

The city's water-supply is drawn mainly
by pipes from Loch Katrine, and partly
by gravitation from places in Renfrew-
shire ; has elaborate works, opened by
Queen Victoria in 1859, from Loch Katrine
through a vast reservoir at Mugdock to
the city ; involved the borrowing of
£1,35S,812 till December 1876 ; required
the Commissioners then to seek borrowing
power for any amount short of £450,000
to make extension of the gravitation
works ; and, in the year ending 28th May
1880, afforded a daily average of 37,296,401
gallons, yielded a revenue of £140,898,
and involved an ordinary expenditure of
£36,064, and a payment in interest and
annuities of £80,880. The city's sanitary
condition has been greatly improved by
the operations of the Improvement Trust,
but is still very defective as regards the
density of some old streets and alleys, and
the excessive pollution of the Clyde and
the Kelvin. A bill was promoted by the
Police Board in 1876-77 for power to
borrow an additional sum not exceeding
£120,000, to be applied in opening up
proper street communication and removing
causes of nuisance ; and another bill was
promoted in the same year for appointing
commissioners to represent the various
local authorities throughout the basin of
the Clyde, to supervise the action of these
authorities, to enforce, where necessary,
the provisions of ' The Rivers' Pollution
Prevention Act of 1876,' and to exercise
their powers over the entire basin down
to Gourock and Kilcreggan.

The North British Railway's chief
station, adjacent to north-west corner of
George Square, was originally the western
terminus of the Edinburgh and Glasgow
Railway ; underwent extension from time
to time, but soon became utterly inade-
quate for the rapidly increasing traffic ;
had the additional disadvantage of starting
and receiving its trains through a long
narrow tunnel ; was proposed, in 1877, to
be so improved as to have the tunnel be-

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hind it laid open, and so vastly enlarged
as to extend northward to Holmhead
Street and eastward to North Hanover
Street ; and, notwithstanding much oppo-
sition and difficulty, underwent the
improvement and much of the extension
before the end of 1880. The excavation
of 100,000 cubic yards was made to open
and widen the tunnel ; and a double
departure platform, 700 feet long and 32
feet wide, and four arrival platforms, two
of them 600 feet long, the other two 500
feet long, were constructed in lieu of
previously crowded and crushing accommo-
dation. The North British Railway's
eastern station, as already noticed, is in
the Old College, High Street.— The Cale-
donian Railway's old or original station,
at head of Buchanan Street, is little more
than a great commodious shed, but
continues to be used for some passenger
trains and for mineral traffic. That rail-
way's new or central station, in Gordon
Street, about 1^ furlong west of the Royal
Exchange, is part of very extensive works
commenced in 1876 ; was opened, incom-
plete, at beginning of 1880 ; presents a
handsome five-storied frontage to Gordon
Street, and minor frontages to Union
Street and Hope Street ; and has a shed
600 feet long, 220 feet wide, and 65 feet
high to the roof-ridge, three platforms
each 800 feet long, and six other platforms
each about 500 feet long. A series of
enormously large arches carries the rail-
way southward from the terminus to the
Clyde ; and a viaduct, already noticed in
our paragraph on bridges, takes it across
the river. The old Bridge Street station
for jointly the Caledonian and the Glasgow
and South-Western, is entered immedi-
ately beyond the viaduct, but has been
partly dismantled. A new station, much
longer and wider, for the Caledonian
alone, is a little farther south ; another
new station, for jointly the Caledonian
and the Glasgow and South- Western, is
to the- west of that; and a large double
new station, exclusively Caledonian, with
two sections on different levels for differ-
ent diverging lines, is on the site of the
quondam Govan poorhouse, in Eglinton
Street. The old South-Side Caledonian
station is now used mainly for goods and
mineral traffic. — The City Union Railway's
station, in St. Enoch's Square, was so far
constructed in October 1876 as to be then
opened for traffic ; serves mainly for the
Glasgow and South- Western by way of
the viaduct over the Clyde between Albert
and Victoria bridges, but connects also
with the North British eastward through
the College station ; presents its main
frontage to the east side of St. Enoch's
Square, but extends eastward to Dunlop
Street and northward from Howard Street
to the houses of Argyle Street ; has a shed
500 feet long, 198 feet wide, and 80 feet
high, and six platforms varying from 600
feet to 900 feet in length ; and is adjoined

by a very spacious hotel in the old Scottish
baronial style. The terminus of a new
branch line of railway, from the North
British in vicinity of Maryhill, is adjacent
to the harbour at foot of Finnieston
Street. A new railway, from terminus at
Bothwell Street to Dumbarton, was pro-
jected in September 1879, to comprise a
main line to Yoker, at an estimated cost
of £603,000, and connections with previ-
ously existing lines at an estimated further
cost of more than £400,000. A circular
line of railway for the southern suburbs,
onward to Pollockshaws and Langside,
with branch up the valley of the Cart, to
be worked from both the Central and the
St. Enoch's stations, was projected in
November 1879, at an estimated cost of
£150,000. The street tramways are well
ramified through the city, extend on all
sides to remote suburbs, and have 19
starting points for the cars.

Glasgow in 1546 had less population and
trade than each of 10 other towns in Scot-
land ; and she has risen to her present
vast predominance entirely through enter-
prise and skill in manufactures and com-
merce. Yet her progress in manufactures
dates only from about 1725, or more fully
from 1792 ; and her progress in commerce
and in shipbuilding dates only from about
1812, or more fully from about 1827. Her
manufactures arose in successively woollens,
linens, and cottons, but now comprise
nearly all departments of industry, and
employ, directly or indirectly, at least
nine-tenths of all the able-bodied popula-
tion. The factories and other industrial
establishments are so numerous and large
as to occupy a main proportion of the area
of several districts of the city, and to give
to more than one-half of it a murky
atmosphere and a roaring traffic. The
commerce, for a long time, had its seat at
Port-Glasgow ; and even when it became
so vigorous as to require the deepening of
the river, up to the formation of a harbour
at the city, it gave small promise of attain-
ing its present magnitude. The harbour's
area at first was only 4 acres, but increased
to 11 in 1827, to 42 in 1849, to 70 in 1861 ;
and the quays at first were remarkably
short, but increased to 1114 yards in 1827,
to 3019 in 1849, to 4376 in 1861, and, with
proportionate enlargement of the area,
had a length of about 8500 yards in 1880.
The river, for about 2£ miles from Glasgow
Bridge, is now all harbour, deep enough
for the largest sea-going ship, presents the
appearance of an enormous dock, and
possesses sheds, tramways, cranes, and
other appliances, as fully as any seaside
first-class harbour. Kingston dock, off the
south side, has an area of 9^ acres ; and
Stobcross docks, off the lower part of the
north side, began to be formed in 1873,
and comprise a wet dock of 12| acres, and
a tidal basin of 4f acres. The cost of the
harbour works, together with the deepen-
ing and embanking of the river down to

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the firth, till June 30, 1872, was £5,594,982 ;
and the cost of the Stobcross docks alone
was estimated to be upwards of £1,500,000.
The vessels belonging to the port at end
of 1879 were 576 sailing vessels of 379,588
tons, and 607 steam vessels of 381,325 tons.
The arrivals in 1879 were 6586 British
vessels of 1,956,504 tons, and 152 foreign
vessels of 55,739 tons ; and the departures
were 6935 British vessels of 2,104,196 tons,
and 160 foreign vessels of 64,885 tons. The
customs revenue in 1880 was £969,339.

Glasgow Green, on right side of the
Clyde, upward from vicinity of Albert
Bridge, measures fully a mile in length,
and about 136 acres in area ; is a public
park, laid out in walks and drives, and
partly shaded with trees ; and contains
recreation grounds and a public gymnasium.
Kelvingrove or West End Park, on the
Kelvin, was formed subsequently to 1853 ;
comprises 45 acres, with walks, drives,
lawns, and shrubberies ; rises, with variety
of slope, from low flat ground adjoining
the river to a tabular summit overlooked
by a grand semi-circular sweep of street-
architecture ; and commands from its
higher points a map-like view of great part
of the lower basin of the Clyde. Alexandra
Park, in north-eastern vicinity of Dennis-
ton, was formed in 1870-73 ; comprises an
extensive area, with walks, drives, lawns,
parterres, shrubberies, and belts of young
trees ; and includes a central summit rising
from a broad base, and commanding a view
from the Lowther Mountains to Ben-
iomond. The Queen's Park, adjacent to
south side of Crosshill, was formed about
1860 ; comprises about 100 acres, with
walks, drives, recreation ground, parterres,
shrubberies, and young trees ; and has a
central roundish summit, reached by easy
slope, and commanding a view of the city,
and of much of the basins of the Clyde and
the Cart. Eight of the suburbs, Maryhill,
Hillhead, Partick, Govan, Kinning-Park,
Pollockshields, Govanhill, and Crosshill,
are police burghs, and lie more or less
detached from the city ; others, as Toll-
cross, Parkhead, Camlachie, Shettleston,
Springburn, Oatlands, Possil-Park, Dowan-
hill, Whiteinch, Ibrox, Plantation, and
Strathbungo, also lie more or less de-
tached ; others, as Bridgeton, Calton,
Denniston, Port-Dundas, Cowcaddens,
Anderston, Finnieston, Trades ton, Lauries-
ton, Gorbals, and Hutchesontown, may be
called sections of the city as well as
suburbs ; and all are noticed in their re-
spective alphabetical places.

The city publishes 6 daily newspapers,
16 weekly, and 2 monthly ; and has,
within itself or suburbs, 36 sub post
offices with money order department,
and 10 subordinate railway stations. The
parliamentary burgh sends three members
to Parliament ; and the University unites
with that of Aberdeen in sending another.
The rental in 1879-80, within the parlia-
mentary burgh, was £3,313,940 ; within

the royalty, beyond the parliamentary
burgh, £92,068. The ordinary revenue and
expenditure of the City Corporation, in
the year ending May 31, 1880, were re-
spectively £21,281 and £14,408; the ex-
traordinary revenue and expenditure
respectively £9673 and £3692 ; the amount
of assessments under special statutes,
£23,042. The value of the Corporation
property, at that date, was £1,213.379 ;
the amount of debt upon it, £889,671.
Pop. of the parliamentary burgh, in 1871,
477,156, in 1881, 487,988; of the city
and suburbs, in 1871, 547,538, in 1881,
675,299.

GLASGOW AND GARNKIRK RAILWAY,

earliest railway formed in Scotland, opened
in September 1831, vested in the Cale-
donian Company in 1845, and now forming
greater portion of their line from Glasgow
to Coatbridge.

GLASGOW AND GREENOCK RAILWAY,
railway from south side of Glasgow west-
ward through Paisley to Greenock. It is
22f miles long, and includes some elaborate
and costly works. It was authorized in
1837 on a capital of £400,000 in shares and
£133,333 in loans ; required a much larger
amount for construction ; was opened in
March 1841 ; passed soon to the Caledonian
Company at reduced capital of £649,421 ;
and cost, till July 31, 1853, £856,458.
The portion of it from Glasgow to Paisley
is common to the Caledonian and to the
Glasgow and South-Western.

GLASGOW AND MILNGAVIE JUNCTION,
branch railway, upwards of 3 miles long,
from Glasgow, Dumbarton, and Helens-
burgh line, northward to Milngavie. It
was opened in April 1863.

GLASGOW AND SOUTH - WESTERN
RAILWAY, railway system from south
side of Glasgow to south-western coast
and south-eastward to English border.
It commenced with a line to Ayr, com-
pleted in 1840 ; it includes a line through
Kilmarnock and Dumfries to a junction
with the Caledonian at Gretna, with
running powers thence to Carlisle ; it
comprises also lines or branches to
Greenock, Girvan, Dalmellington, New-
milns, Muirkirk, Castle - Douglas, and
Kirkcudbright, and some cross or shorter
Jines ; and it combines them chiefly on
grounds of amalgamation. Its stock and
share capital, in 1879-80, was £7,457,605 ;
its ordinary capital, £4,927,710 ; its loans
and debenture stock, £2,314,369.

GLASGOW, DUMBARTON, AND
HELENSBURGH RAILWAY, railway from
junction with the Edinburgh and Glasgow
at Cowlairs, 12| miles westward to Bowl-
ing, thence 3f miles along previous railway
to Dalreoch junction, and thence 7j miles
to Helensburgh. It was opened in 1858,
and it belongs to the North British
system.

GLASGOW, PAISLEY, AND JOHNSTONE
CANAL, canal, 11 miles long, west-south-
westward from Port-Eglinton, in south

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206

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side of Glasgow. It was designed to be
cut to Ardrossan, but was stopped at
J ohnstone. It lies all on one level ; it
was opened in 1811 ; it served till the
railway times for much passenger traffic ;
and it was purchased by the Glasgow and
South-Western Railway Company in 1869.

GLASHVEN, hill, 1516 feet high, in
south-east of Morvern parish, Argyleshire.

GLASLAW, hill and burn in Dunnottar
parish, Kincardineshire.

GLASLET, mountain on south-west side
of Hell's Glen, Argyleshire.

GLASLOCH, lake, emitting head-stream
of Brora river, Sutherland.

GLASNOCK, affluent of the Lugar at
Cumnock, and seat If mile south of that
town, in Ayrshire.

GLASS, hamlet in Aberdeenshire, and
parish partly also in Banffshire. The
hamlet lies 6 miles west of Huntly, and
has a post office under Huntly, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 91 scholars. — The parish
measures about 8 miles by 5, and com-
prises 7886 acres in Aberdeenshire, and
4708 in Banffshire. Real property in
1880-81, £2616 and £1453. Pop. 654 and
366. The surface, as seen from certain
points, looks to be all hill and moor, with
summits upwards of 1200 feet high ; but
it includes about 3600 acres of arable land.
Several large cairns are on the hills. There
are 3 schools for 238 scholars, and 1 of
them for 70 is new.

GLASS, river in north-east of Inverness-
shire. It issues from Loch Affrick, runs
about 16 miles north-eastward, and unites
with the Farrar to form the Beauly.

GLASS, lake, 5 miles long, in Kiltearn
parish, Ross-shire.

GLASSARY, hamlet and parish in
Argyleshire. The hamlet lies on Add
rivulet, 5 miles north of Lochgilphead,
bears the name of Kilmichael-Glassary,
was long a baronial capital, and now has a
post office under Lochgilphead, a parochial
church with 1500 sittings, and a public
school with about 83 scholars. — The parish
contains also Lochgilphead town, extends
16 miles along Loch Fyne, is bounded on
north-west side by upper part of Loch
Awe, has a breadth of from 8 to 10 miles,
and includes the larger parts of the quoad
sacra parishes of Lochgilphead and Cum-
lodden. Real property in 1880-81, £19,671.
Pop. , quoad civilia, 4342 ; quoad sacra,
1478. The surface is mostly upland,
but includes a long vale ascending from
200 to nearly 600 feet above sea-level, and
flanked by partially wooded acclivities.
Interesting objects are Sir John C. Orde's
seat of Kilmory, three other commodious
mansions, the ancestors of the poet
Campbell's residence of Kirnan, ruins of
4 ancient churches, remains of 3 watch-
towers, and several Caledonian cairns and
standing - stones. Established churches
are at Lochgilphead and Cumlodden, and
Episcopalian, Free, and Baptist churches

are at Lochgilphead. 4 schools for 316
scholars are in Glassary quoad sacra, and
3 of them for 220 are new.

GLASSAUGH, seat in Fordyce parish,
Banffshire.

GLASSEL, railway station and seat, 21|
miles west-south-west of Aberdeen.

GLASS-ELLAN, low verdant islet in
Loch Alsh, Ross-shire.

GLASSERT, seat on Loch Ard, south-
west verge of Perthshire.

GLASSERT, Stirlingshire. See Glazert.

GLASSERTON, hamlet and parish on
south-east coast of Wigtonshire. The
hamlet lies 2 miles south-south-west of
"Whithorn, and has a post office designated
of Wigtonshire, a parochial church, and a
public school with about 90 scholars. —
The parish contains also Monreith village,
measures 7| miles by 3|, and comprises
13,284 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£14,424. Pop. 1203. The coast is 6|
miles long, mostly bold and rocky, and
partly cavernous. The interior is slightly
hilly, mostly knolly, and all uneven. The
seats are Physgill, Ravenstone, and Craig-
dow. There are 3 schools with accommo-
dation for 198 scholars.

GLASSFORD, parish in middle ward of
Lanarkshire. It has a railway station of
its own name, 3 miles north of Strathaven,
and contains the post office village of
Chapelton, and the villages of Westquarter
and Heads. Its length is 8 miles ; its
greatest breadth 3f miles ; its area 6442
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £10,230.
Pop., quoad civilia, 1452; quoad sacra,
670. The surface is partly a beautiful
strath adjacent to the Avon, and
partly an expanse of moor extensively
bleak and barren. The chief residences
are Muirburn, Crutherland, Avonholm,
Westquarter House, Hallhill, Craigthorn-
hill, and Heads ; and the chief antiquities
are 3 Caledonian standing-stones and the
site of an ancient castle. The churches
are 2 Established and 1 Free. There are
3 schools for 276 scholars, and 1 of them
for 140 is new.

GLASSLETTER, lake in Kintail parish,
Ross-shire.

GLASSMILE, or GLASSMEAL, mountain,
3502 feet high, at meeting-point of Aber-
deenshire, Forfarshire, and Perthshire.

GLASSMOUNT, hiU and seat in Kinghorn
parish, Fife.

GLASVEN, mountain, 2543 feet high,
in north-east of Assynt parish, Suther-
land.

GLAUDHALL, seat in Cadder parish,
Lanarkshire.

GLAZERT, rivulet rising among Campsie
Fells, and entering the Kelvin opposite
Kirkintilloch.

GLAZERT, rivulet, running 11 miles
southward and south-westward to the
Annock, 4 miles below Stewarton, Ayrshire.

GLEBE, burn in Walston parish, Lan-
arkshire.

GLEN, village, 2 miles south of Falkirk

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207

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Stirlingshire. It has a post office under
Falkirk. Pop. 319.

GLEN, seat in Traquair parish, Peebles-
shire.

GLEN, upper portion of Urie river,
Aberdeenshire.

GLEN, rivulet, running to the sea,
in Barvas parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

GLENACARDOCH, headland near middle
of west coast of Kintyre, Argyleshire.

GLENAE, seat in Tinwald parish, Dum-
f risssiiirc

GLEN AFFRICK, glen, traversed by Affrick
rivulet to Strathglass, Inverness-shire.

GLENAFTON, glen, traversed by Afton
rivulet, Ayrshire.

GLENAHEURICH, fine pastoral glen,
with lake, in Sunart district, Argyleshire.

GLENALBERT, scene of Mrs. Brunton's
Self-Control, miles north of Dunkeld,
Perthshire.

GLENALLA, hill, 1406 feet high, 4 miles
south-west of Straiton, Ayrshire.

GLENALLADALE, glen, descending to
Loch Shiel, on south - west border of
Inverness-shire.

GLENALMOND, either loosely all the
upper half of tract traversed by Almond
river, Perthshire, or strictly a chasmic
profound pass, 1\ miles long, ending at 4^
miles north-north-east of Crieff, or distinc-
tively the place of the Episcopal College,
3^ miles east of that pass ; and, in the last
of these senses, it' has a post office with
money order department under Perth, and
extensive costly college buildings.

GLENALOT, small glen, 15 miles north-
north-west of Dornoch, Sutherland.

GLENAMPLE, glen, traversed by Ample
rivulet to Loch Earn, Perthshire.

GLENAPP, fine glen, traversed by App
rivulet, 6 miles south-westward to Loch
Kyan, at south-western extremity of Ayr-
shire. It contains a post office under
Girvan, a mansion of its own name, a quoad
sacra parochial church for a pop. of 192,
and a public school with about 38 scholars.

GLENARAY, either the glen of the
rivulet Aray, or the entire basin of that
rivulet, or the landward part of Inverary
parish, Argyleshire. It is sometimes, in
the last of these senses, regarded as a
separate parish.

GLENARBUCK, seat in Old Kilpatrick
parish, Dumbartonshire.

GLENARCHAIG, glen, occupied by Loch
Archaig, Inverness-shire.

GLENARKLET, glen, descending from
Loch Arklet to Inversnaid, between Loch
Katrine and Loch Lomond.

GLENARTNEY, glen, traversed by Ru-
chill rivulet to south side of Comrie,
Perthshire.

GLENASHADALE, glen, descending to
Whiting Bay, in south-east of Arran,
Buteshire.

GLENASSYNT, glen, descending to head
of Loch Assynt, in Sutherland.

GLENAVEN, alpine glen, descending
from Cairngorm Mountains, and traversed

by Aven river, in south-west extremity of
Banffshire.

GLENAVON, seat near Larkhall, Lanark-
shire.

GLENBANCHOR, glen in Kingussie par-
ish, Inverness-shire.

GLENBARR, hamlet and seat in Killean
parish, Kintyre, Argyleshire. The hamlet
has a post office designated of Argyleshire.

GLENBARRY, railway station, W\ miles
south-west of Banff.

GLENBEG, section of Glenelg parish,
Inverness-shire.

GLENBEICH, ravine, with fine cascade,
on north flank of Loch Earn, Perthshire.

GLENBENNAN, lofty hill-ridge in Kirk-
patrick-Irongray parish, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

GLENBERVIE, parish, containing Drum-
lithie post office village, in Kincardine-
shire. Its length is miles ; its breadth
5 miles ; its area 15,041 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £10,003. Pop. 972.
The surface is uneven and hilly, and
includes a low ridge of the Grampians.
The churches are Established, Free, and
Episcopalian. There are 4 schools for 249
scholars, and 1 of them for 60 is new.

GLENBOIG, village, 2>\ miles north-north-
west of Coatbridge, Lan arkshire. It has a
post office under Coatbridge, and a railway
station opened in 1880. Pop. 934.

GLENBRAN, hill-tract annexed quoad
sacra to Abernyte parish, Perthshire.

GLENBRANTIR, seat in Strachur parish,
Argyleshire.

GLENBRECKRY, vale in Southend parish,
Kintyre, Argyleshire.

GLENBRIARACHAN, glen in Moulin
parish, Perthshire.

GLENBRIGHTY, alpine glen on west
border of Forfarshire, near meeting-point
with Aberdeenshire and Perthshire.

GLENBUCK, village, 4J miles ea st-north-
east of Muirkirk, on east verge of Ayr-
shire. It has a post office under Lanark, a
railway station, and ironworks. Pop. 858.

GLENBUCKET, parish, containing Bridge
of Bucket post office, on west border of
Aberdeenshire. Its length is 8 miles ; its
greatest breadth 3 miles ; its area 11,084
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £1883.
Pop. 506. The surface is conterminate
with the basin of Bucket rivulet ; consists
of a partially arable glen engirt by moun-
tains ; and admits ingress by only a narrow
pass in the east. Objects of interest are
a hunting-lodge of the Earl of Fife, the
ruined ancient castle of Glenbucket, and
the site of the ancient castle of Badenyon.
There are 3 schools with accommodation
for 140 scholars.

GLENBUCKIE, glen and seat in Bal-
quhidder parish, Perthshire.

GLENBURN, seat in Jedburgh parish,
Roxburghshire.

GLENCAINAIL, glen, with lake, at south-
east side of Benmore, Mull Island, Argyle-
shire.

GLENCAIRN, parish, containing Minnie-

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208

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hive village, on west border of Dumfries-
shire. Its length is 13f miles ; its greatest
breadth 1\ miles ; its area 30,083 acres.
Keal property in 1880-81, £19,234. Pop.
1737. The surface is chiefly mountainous
or hilly, but includes three convergent
vales in the north and a fine valley in the
south. The seats are Maxwelltown, Craig-
darroch, Auchenchain, and Crawfordton ;
and the principal antiquity is a tumulus
called by Grose the Bow-butts. The
churches are Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian, and the public schools are 4
with about 280 scholars. The parish gave
the title of earl from 1503 till 1796 to a
branch of the family of Cunningham.

GLENCANNICH, long glen, with lakes
and tarns, south-westward from head of
Strathglass, Inverness-shire.

GLENCAPLE, village on the Nith, 5
miles south of Dumfries. It has a post
office under Dumfries, an inn, and a Free
church, and carries on some shipbuilding
and commerce.

GLEN CARREL, small glen near Glenalot,
Sutherland.

GLENCARRICK, cascade on Duncow
burn, in Kirkmahoe parish, Dumfries-
shire.

GLENCARRON, glen, traversed by river
Carron, and railway station there 17
miles north-east of Strome-Ferry, Ross-
shire.

GLENCARSE, railway station, post
office with money order department under
Perth, and mansion, 6 miles east of
Perth.

GLENCATACOL, glen in north-west of
Arran. Buteshire.

GLENCHATT, hill-vale in Birse parish,
Aberdeenshire.

GLENCLOVA, glen, traversed by upper
reach of South Esk river through Benchin-
nan Mountains, Forfarshire.

GLENCLOY, deep dark ravine, descend-
ing north-eastward to Brodick, in Arran
Island, Buteshire.

GLENCOE, deep dark weird mountain-
glen, descending 9 miles westward to
vicinity of Ballachulish, on north border
of Argyleshire. Its lower part has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Argyleshire, a
chapel-of-ease, and a Free church, and was
the scene of a notorious massacre in the
winter of 1691-92.

GLENCONA, glen, descending south-
south-eastward to vicinity of Corran Ferry,
in Ardgour district, Argyleshire.

GLENCONRY, glen, with chalybeate
spring, in Strathdon parish, Aberdeenshire.

GLENCONVINTH, glen in Kiltarlity
parish, Inverness-shire. It has a public
school with about 110 scholars, and vestiges
of an ancient nunnery.

GLENCORSE. See Glencross.

GLENCOTHO, small glen in Glenholm
parish, Peeblesshire.

GLENCOUL,wildmountain-glen,descend-
ing 9 miles west-south-westward to head

of Kyle-Skow, and partly occupied by the
Kyles branch of Loch Coul, in south-west
of Sutherland.

GLENCRAGGACH, glen, with millstone
quarry, in Reay parish, Caithness.

GLENCRAIGIE, glen and burn in Tweeds-
muir parish, Peeblesshire.

GLEN CRER AN, long glen of Creran river
and loch, descending toward Loch Linnhe,
in Argyleshire.

GLENCRIEFF (NEW and OLD), mining
localities at Wanlockhead, Dumfriesshire.

GLENCROE, glen, descending 5^ miles
south-eastward to head of Loch Long,
Argyleshire.

GLENCROSS, parish, with railway sta-
tion, 1^ mile west of Roslin, Edinburgh-
shire. Its post town is Roslin. Its length
is 3^ miles ; its greatest breadth 3J miles ;
its area 4276 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £16,640. Pop. 1500. The
western section is mainly a portion of the
Pentland Hills ; other sections are a pic-
turesque diversity of hill and dale ; and
the centre from west to east is a pictur-
esque vale traversed by Glencross burn
toward the North Esk, and containing
what some persons have supposed to be
the Habbie's How of Ramsay's Gentle
Shepherd. The limits include Crawley
spring, a large reservoir of Edinburgh
waterworks, Rullion Green, Greenlaw
Barracks, and the mansions of Glencross,
Loganbank, Bellwood, Bush, and "YVood-
houselee. The public school has accommo-
dation for 180 scholars.

GLENDALE, vale in Duirinish parish,
Isle of Skye. It has a post office under
Portree.

GLENDARUEL, glen, traversed by Ruel
rivulet southward to head of Loch Riddan,
in Cowal, Argyleshire. It contains a post
office and a mansion of its own name, the
former under Greenock.

GLENDEAN, deep narrow ravine in
Traquair parish, Peeblesshire.

GLENDEARG, glen in north of Blair-
Athole parish, Perthshire.

GLENDEBADEL, bay in north-west of
Jura Island, Argyleshire.

GLENDELVINE, seat in Caputh parish,
Perthshire.

GLENDERRY, alpine glen among Cairn-
gorm Mountains, at head of Braemar, Aber-
deenshire.

GLENDEVON, parish on south-east bor-
der of Perthshire, between Auchterarder
and Clackmannanshire. Its post town is
Dollar. Its length is 5^ miles ; its greatest
breadth 4 miles ; its area 9133 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £3233. Pop.
147. The surface lies wholly among
the Ochils. The public school can accom-
modate 34 scholars.

GLENDHU. See Glendow.

GLENDINNING, estate, with remains of
old castle, in Westerkirk parish, Dumfries-
shire.

GLENDOCHART, glen, traversed by
Dochart river, and overhung by Benmore,

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209

GLE

in Killin parish, Perthshire. It contains
a railway station, 2 inns, 3 mansions, and
a public school.

GLENDOICK, hamlet in Errol parish,
and neighbouring seat in Kinfauns, Perth-
shire. The hamlet has a post office under
Perth.

GLENDOLL, alpine glen in Clova parish,
Forfarshire.

GLENDORCH, place, with site of ancient
castle, in Crawfordjohn parish, Lanark-
shire.

GLENDOUGLAS, picturesque glen, de-
scending 5 miles eastward to Loch Lomond,
at 3 miles north of Luss, Diimbartonshire.

GLENDOUGLAS, glen, descending 7 miles
eastward to Loch Fyne, at 3 miles south of
Inverary, Argyleshire.

GLENDOUGLAS, glen, descending 6
miles south-eastward to the Yarrow, at
2 miles from foot of St. Mary's Loch,
Selkirkshire.

GLENDOUNE, seat adjacent to Girvan,
Ayrshire.

GLENDOVAN. See Glendevon.
GLENDOW, glen, 7 miles long, in Mor-
vern parish, Argyleshire.

GLENDOW, glen, traversed by head-
stream of the Forth, in north-west ex-
tremity of Stirlingshire.

GLENDOW, glen, descending westward
to head of Loch Dow branch of Kyle-
Skow, Sutherland.

GLENDOW, or 6LENTENDAL, glen in
Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

GLENDRONACH, place, with extensive
distillery, in Forgue parish, Aberdeenshire.

GLENDUCKIE, hamlet and hill in Flisk
parish, Fife.

GLENDUROR, vale, traversed by Duror
rivulet, in Appin, Argyleshire.

GLENDUTHILL, seat in eastern vicinity
of Glasgow.

GLENDYE, vale, traversed by Dye
rivulet, and containing a public school, in
Strachan parish, Kincardineshire.

GLENEACHAIG, glen, traversed by Ea-
chaig rivulet to head of Holy Loch, in
Cowal, Argyleshire.

GLENEAGLES, glen, seat, public school,
and ruined ancient church, in Blackford
parish, Perthshire.

GLENEARN, seat and ruined ancient
chapel in Dron parish, Perthshire.

GLENEFFOCK, branch of Glenesk, among
Benchinnan mountains, Forfarshire.

GLENELCHAIG, alpine district, includ-
ing Glen of Elchaig streamlet, and pro-
found cascade of Glomach, in Kintail
parish, Ross-shire.

GLENELG, village and parish on west
ceast of Inverness-shire. The village
stands on small bay of its own name,
adjacent to Kyle-Rhea ferry to Skye ;
is near the ruined strong barracks of
Bernera ; has a post office under Lochalsh,
an inn, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 64 scholars;
and gave the peerage title of baron in 1835
to the distinguished statesman Charles

Grant. — The parish contains also the
hamlets of Arnisdale and Inverie ; com-
prehends the three districts of Glenelg-
proper, Knoydart, and North Morar, with
intersecting sea-lochs of Hourn and Nevis ;
and measures about 20 miles in both length
and breadth. Real property in 1880-81,
£10,750. Pop., quoad civilia, 1601 ; quoad
sacra, 1164. The coast, except on Glen-
elg Bay and the sea-lochs, is mostly high
and rocky ; the interior is mountainous
and extensively picturesque ; and Glenelg-
proper comprises two glens, Glenmore and
Glenbeg. The chief residence is Inverie ;
and the chief antiquities are two well-
preserved Scandinavian round towers. A
quoad sacra parochial church is in Knoy-
dart, and a Roman Catholic church is in
Morar. There are 6 schools for 296
scholars, and 4 of them and an enlarge-
ment for 200 are new.

GLENELLRIG, seat in Slamannan parish,
Stirlingshire.

GLENENNICH, alpine glen, with several
lakes, in Rothiemurchus parish, Inverness-
shire.

GLENENOCH, branch of Glenesk, among
Benchinnan Mountains, Forfarshire.

GLENERICHKIE, glen of Erichkie rivu-
let, with public school, in Blair-Athole
parish, Perthshire.

GLENERICHT, glen, traversed by Ericht
river, in north-east of Perthshire.

GLENESK, glen, traversed by upper part
of North Esk river, among Benchinnan
Mountains, Forfarshire.

GLENESLIN, affluent of the Cairn, in
Dunscore parish, Dumfriesshire. A public
school is on it, and has about 50 scholars.

GLENESPIG, wild glen on west side of
Arran Island, Buteshire.

GLENETIVE, glen, traversed by Etive
river to head of Loch Etive, Argyleshire.

GLENEUCHAR, glen of Euchar rivulet,
in Kilninver parish, Argyleshire.

GLENFAIRNESS, seat of the Earl of
Leven on Findhorn river, in Ardclach
parish, Nairnshire. A curious ancient
sculptured obelisk is near it.

GLENFALLOCH, glen, traversed by
Falloch rivulet, southward to head of
Loch Lomond. Glenfalloch and Old
Glenfalloch mansions are in its lower part.

GLENFARG, deep narrow wooded vale
among the Ochils, northward to vicinity
of Abernethy, Perthshire.

GLENFARNAT, glen, descending 6 miles
to head of Strathardle, in north-east of
Perthshire.

GLENFARQUHAR, glen and braes in
Fordoun parish, Kincardineshire.

GLENFAS, glen on west side of Arran
Island, Buteshire.

GLENFENDER, alpine glen, with fine
cascades, in Blair-Athole parish, Perthshire.

GLENFERNISDALE, glen, with old
military road, descending northward to
Strathspey, in south-western vicinity of
Kingussie, Inverness-shire.

GLENFESHIE, glen, traversed by Feshie
O

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210

GLE

rivulet and a mountain road, in north-
east of Badenoch, Inverness-shire.

GLENFIDDICH, vale of'Fiddich river,
Banffshire.

GLENFINLAS, alpine glen, once a royal
hunting-ground, flanked by Benledi and
Benawn, and descending 5 miles south-
south-eastward to foot of Loch Achray,
in Callander parish, Perthshire.

GLENFINLAS, glen, descending 4 miles
to west side of Loch Lomond at miles
south of Luss, Dumbartonshire.

GLENFINNAN, glen, descending 4| miles
south-westward to Loch Shiel, Inverness-
shire. Its mouth, 16 miles west-north-
west of Fort- William, was the place where
Prince Charles Edward first raised his
standard in 1745, and has a monument of
him, a post office under Fort-William, an
inn, and a small Roman Catholic church
of 1873.

GLENFINNART, seat and glen on west
side of Loch Long, adjacent to Ardentinny,
Argyleshire.

GLENFINTAIG, two seats, house and
lodge, on left side of Loch Lochy, Great
Glen, Inverness-shire.

GLENFOOT, village in Abernethy parish,
Perthshire.

GLENFORSA, glen of Forsa rivulet,
Mull Island, Argyleshire.

GLENFRUIN, basin of Fruin rivulet,
part glen and part vale, descending to
west side of Loch Lomond at 4f miles
south of Luss, Dumbartonshire. It was
the scene of a sanguinary fight, in 1602, be-
tween the Colquhouns and the Macgregors.

GLENFYNE, alpine glen, descending 6
miles south-south-westward to head of
Loch Fyne, Argyleshire.

GLENGABBER, small glen, descending
to Megget rivulet, on south border of
Peeblesshire.

GLENGAIRN, glen, ancient parish, and
quoad sacra parish, in south-west of Aber-
deenshire. The glen commences among
the Cairngorm Mountains, and descends
15 miles eastward and south-eastward to
the Dee, at Lj mile above Ballater. The
ancient parish lies around the lower part
of the glen, and is annexed to Glenmuick.
The quoad sacra parish comprises the
ancient one, and small part of Crathie,
and contains the post office of Bridge of
Gairn, under Aberdeen, an old baronial
fortalice, Established and Roman Catholic
churches, and a public school with about
60 scholars. Pop. 454.

GLENGARNOCX, town on Garnock river,
3 miles north-by-east of Dairy, Ayrshire.
It has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of Ayr-
shire, extensive ironworks, a United Pres-
byterian church, and a public school with
about 401 scholars. Pop. 870. Glen-
garnock Castle, in its vicinity, is a ruined
ancient strong baronial fortalice.

GLENGARNOCK, or KILBIRNIE STA-
TION, village near Glengarnock town,
Ayrshire. Pop. 406.

GLENGARREL, ravine, traversed by
Garvald rivulet, Dumfriesshire.

GLENGARRISSDALE, bay in north-west
of Jura Island, Argyleshire.

GLENGARRY, glen and quoad sacra par-
ish in Inverness-shire. The glen is partly
occupied by Loch Garry, partly traversed
by Garry rivulet ; has picturesque features
of water, wood, and mountain ; and de-
scends about 11 miles eastward to Inver-
garry, on Loch Oich, in Great Glen. — The
parish extends beyond the glen, includes
Invergarry, and has Established and
Roman Catholic churches, and 2 public
schools with accommodation for 130
scholars. Pop. 627. See Invergarry.

GLENGARRY, glen, traversed by Garry
river, Perthshire.

GLENGLASS, place, with public school,
in Alness parish, Ross-shire.

GLENGLOY, deep mountain - glen, de-
scending 7 miles to left side of Loch Lochy,
Great Glen, Inverness-shire. It has, at 1278
feet above sea-level, a terrace seeming to
be the margin of an ancient lake.

GLENGOLIE, sequestered glen in south
of Durness parish, Sutherland.

GLENGONAR, rivulet and hill - vale,
descending from vicinity of Leadhills to
the Clyde, in vicinity of Abington, Lanark-
shire.

GLENGYLE, mountain-glen, descending
4 miles south-eastward to Loch Katrine,
on mutual boundary of Perthshire and
Stirlingshire. It has wild torrents in
times of rain, and contains a ruined castle.

GLENHALMIDEL, winding glen, with
slate quarry, in north of Arran Island,
Buteshire.

GLENHALTIN, glen, partly arable, in
Snizort parish, Isle of Skye.

GLENHEAD, village in Lochwinnoch
parish, Renfrewshire. It has a public
school with about 44 scholars.

GLENHIGTON, small glen in Glenholm
parish, Peeblesshire.

GLENHILL, shoulder of Criffel Moun-
tain, crowned with columnar monument
to Wellington and his army, near New-
abbey, Kirkcudbrightshire.

GLENHINISTIL, glen in Snizort parish,
Isle of Skye.

GLENHOLM, parish,unitedtoBroughton,
Peeblesshire. It is mostly a pastoral vale,
nearly 7 miles long, with small lateral hill
glens ; and it has a public school with about

GLENHOWAN, hamlet in Caerlaverock
parish, Dumfriesshire.

GLENIFFER, mural ravine and group of
braes, forming part of Fereneze Hills, 2
miles south-west of Paisley, Renfrewshire.
The braes figure in the history and songs
of Tannahill ; have a monument to Hugh
Macdonald, a handsome drinking-fountain,
erected in 1877 ; and contain a large
reservoir of Paisley waterworks, begun to
be formed in October 1879.

GLENIGAG, glen in extreme west of
Contin parish, Ross-shire.

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GLENIORSA, glen, descending 7 miles
south-south- west ward to Mauchry Bay, in
Arran Island, Buteshire.

GLENISLA, hamlet and parish on west
border of Forfarshire. The hamlet lies
on Isla river, 1\ miles north of Alyth,
and has a post office under Alyth,
Established and Free churches, and a
public school with about 81 scholars. — The
parish measures 14 miles by 5f , and com-
prises 41,242 acres. Beal property in
1880-81, £11,941. Pop., quoad civilia,
791 ; quoad sacra, 464. The surface
consists of the upper parts of the basin
of the Isla, is mostly bounded by lofty
watersheds of the Grampians, and is
mainly a group of mountain glens and
vales. A chief object is the ruin of Fortar
Castle, long a notable mountain keep of
the Ogilvies of Airlie. There are 3 schools
with accommodation for 218 scholars.

GLENKENS, northern district of Kirk-
cudbrightshire. It is properly the basin
of the Ken, but is usually regarded as com-
prising the four parishes of Carsphairn,
Dairy, Balmaclellan, and Kells, and it
abounds in grand mountain scenery.

GLENKETLAND, small glen descending
to Glenetive, 3 miles from head of Loch
Etive, Argyleshire.

GLENKILLOCK, ravine intersecting
Fereneze Hills to the Levern in vicinity of
Neilston, Benfrewshire. It has picturesque
flanks and three fine cascades, and is sung
by Tannahill and Scadlock.

GLENKILN, narrow vale and high hills
in Kirkmichael parish, Dumfriesshire.

GLENKINDY, detached section of Strath-
don parish, Aberdeenshire. It is a hill-
screened vale, traversed by Kindy rivulet
to the Don, and it contains a mansion of
its own name.

GLENKINGLASS, glen descending 6 miles
west-south-westward to Loch Fyne at
Ardkinglass, Argyleshire.

GLENKINGLASS, glen descending 9 miles
to east side of Loch Etive at 6 miles
north-north-east of Bunawe, Argyleshire.

GLENKIRK, small glen in Glenholm
parish, Peeblesshire.

GLENLACHT, ravine and burn in Keir
parish, Dumfriesshire.

GLENLARKEN, glen descending to north
side of Loch Earn, Perthshire.

GLENLATTERACH, glen and burn de-
scending to the Lossie, on boundary
between Birnie and Dallas parishes, Elgin-
shire. The burn makes two interesting
cascades.

GLENLEAN, glen descending north-east-
ward to head of Holy Loch, in Dunoon
parish, Argyleshire.

GLENLEDNOCK, hill-vale, descending 7
miles south-eastward to the Earn at
Comrie, Perthshire.

GLENLEE, seat in Kells parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

GLENLICHD, glen overhung by Benmore,
in Glenshiel parish, Boss-shire.

GLENLIVET, ancient barony, now quoad

sacra parish, averagely 10 miles south-west
of Dufftown, Banffshire. It consists of
the basin of the Livet river ; measures 9
miles in length and §\ in greatest breadth ;
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Ballindal-
loch, a banking office, famous distilleries,
an Established church, 2 Boman Catholic
churches, and a public school with about
65 scholars ; was the scene of a battle in
1594 between the Earl of Huntly and the
Earl of Argyle ; and gives the title of
baron to the Marquis of Huntly. Pop.
616.

GLENLOCHAR, place, 4 miles north-west
of Castle - Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire.
It has a post office under Castle-Douglas.

GLENLOCHY, alpine glen descending 11
miles curvingly eastward to vicinity of
Killin village, Perthshire. Lochy rivulet
traverses it, and, at 3 miles from Killin,
makes two groups of picturesque cataracts.

GLENLOCHY, mountain-glen, traversed
by public road 7 miles westward to the
Orchy, above Dalmally, Argyleshire.

GLENLOGAN, mountain-glen descending
1\ miles west-south-westward to vicinity
of head of Loch Maree, Boss-shire.

GLENLOGIE, glen descending to left
side of the Prosen at 8J miles north-
north-west of Kirriemuir, Forfarshire.

GLENLOTH, glen of Loth rivulet, in
Loth parish, Sutherland.

GLENLUCE, village on Luce rivulet, 8£
miles east-by-south of Stranraer, Wigton-
shire. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Wigtonshire, a railway station, a
banking office, an inn, a ruined abbey of
1190, and Free and United Presbyterian
churches, and is near Old Luce parochial
church. Pop. 872.

GLENLUDE, small glen in Glenholm
parish, Peeblesshire.

GLENLUI, alpine glen descending 7 miles
south-eastward from side of Benmacdhu
to the Dee at 3| miles below Linn of Dee,
Aberdeenshire.

GLENLYON, alpine glen, traversed by
Lyon river, and descending 22 miles east-
ward to Fortingal vale, in Breadalbane,
Perthshire. It is a cul-de-sac, with bottom
seldom more than a furlong wide, and
steep, soaring, pastoral flanks streaked by
cataractine torrents ; it contains a post
office under Aberfeldy, Established, Free,
and Baptist churches, 3 public schools,
and a number of ancient Caledonian forts.
It was the scene of a sanguinary fight
between the Macivers and the Stewarts,
and it gives the titles of baron and viscount
to the Duke of Athole.

GLENMARK, alpine glen, traversed by
head-stream of North Esk river, in Lochlee
parish, Forfarshire.

GLENMARKIE, small glen in Glenisla
parish, Forfarshire.

GLENMASSAN, glen descending to south
side of Gleneachaig, near head of Holy
Loch, Dunoon parish, Argyleshire. Its

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scenery is imposing, and includes a curious
natural bridge.

GLENMAVIS, village in vicinity of New
Monkland village, Lanarkshire.

GLENMEUBLE, long, deep, dismal glen,
through centre of Arasaig district, Inver-
ness-shire.

GLENMILL, place, with bleaching estab-
lishment, in Campsie parish, Stirlingshire.

GLENMILLAN, seat in Lumphanan par-
ish, Aberdeenshire.

GLENMORE, winding alpine gorge, 9
miles long, traversed by public road,
through centre of Mull Island, Argyle-
shire.

GLENMORE, small glen and bay on
south side of Ardnamurchan promontory,
Argyleshire.

GLENMORE, the larger of the two vales
of Glenelg-proper, Inverness-shire.

GLENMORE, wild hill-vale, traversed by
head-stream of Lugar rivulet, Ayrshire.

GLENMORE, vale, descending to Ettrick
Bay, in Bute Island, Buteshire.

GLENMORE, vale between Eannoch and
Fortingal, in Breadalbane, Perthshire.

GLENMORE, section of Portree parish,
Isle of Skye.

GLENMORE-NAN-ALBIN. See Gkeat
Glen.

GLENMORRISTON, mountain - glen, 12
miles long, traversed north-eastward by
Morriston rivulet to Loch Ness at Inver-
morriston, Inverness-shire. It has a post
office, with money order department, desig-
nated of Inverness-shire, Established, Free,
and Roman Catholic churches, and a pub-
lic school. See Invermoeriston.

_ GLENMUICK, parish, containing Ballater
village, and comprehending the ancient
parishes of Glenmuick, Glengairn, and
Tullich, in Mar district, Aberdeenshire.
Its length is 18 miles ; its breadth 15
miles ; its area 87,341 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £12,814. Pop., quoad
civilia, 2109 ; quoad sacra, 1648. The
surface is intersected by the Dee ; extends
southward to a watershed of the Gram-
pians, and northward to a mountain
watershed with Strath don ; and consists
chiefly of vale, glens, hills, and mountains.
The chief seats are Monaltrie and Birk-
hall ; and the chief antiquities are numer-
ous cairns. Established and Free churches
are in Ballater, and Established and Roman
Catholic churches are in Glengairn. There
are 5 schools for 455 scholars, and 3 of
them for 345 are new.

GLENMUIR, wild moorland vale, be-
tween Cairntable and Wardlaw Hill, on
east verge of Kyle, Ayrshire.

GLENNEVIS, glen, 14 miles long, com-
mencing 6 miles east of summit of Ben-
nevis, making a semi-circular sweep round
south base of that mountain, and terminat-
ing at Loch Eil, in vicinity of Fort-William,
Inverness-shire. A new carriage drive in
it, commanding views of its striking
scenery, was formed in 1880.

GLENNOE, glen descending past north-

east base of Bencruachan to Loch Etive,
Argyleshire.

GLENNY, ravine and burn in Port-of-
Menteith parish, Perthshire.

GLENNY, hill, with two cairns and re-
mains of ancient Caledonian stone circle,
in Abernyte parish, Perthshire.

GLENOCHIL, place near Menstrie, Clack-
mannanshire.

GLENOGLE, precipitous alpine gorge,
flanked by stupendous crags, traversed by
Callander and Oban Railway, and extend-
ing dj miles north-north-westward from
head of Loch Earn, Perthshire.

GLENOGLE, estate in Tannadice parish,
Forfarshire.

GLENOIG, small glen in Glenprosen
district, Forfarshire.

GLENORCHY, parish, containing Dal-
mally and Bunawe villages, in Lorn,
Argyleshire. Its length is 25 miles ; its
breadth from 5 to 20 miles. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £14,301. Pop. 1105.
The surface extends from head of Ran-
noch to head of Loch Long ; from sources
of Orchy river to a line across Loch Awe,
at 8 miles from its foot; and from the
mountain range around Tyndrum to upper
half of Loch Etive. The northern section
includes Glenorchy- proper, Glenstrae,
Bencruachan, and the mountain masses
thence to head of Glenetive ; the eastern
section consists of the braes, moors, and
glens descending from the alpine water-
shed with Perthshire and Dumbarton-
shire ; and the southern section comprises
a fine strath around Dalmally, and the
finest portions of the shores of Loch Awe,
but is elsewhere chiefly hilly or moorish.
Glenorchy-proper descends 15 miles south-
south- westward in form of glen, and then
goes 3 miles westward in form of strath ^
mile wide, to north-east horn of Loch
Awe. The seats are Rockhill, New Inver-
awe, Inchdrynich, and Ardvrecknish ; and
the chief antiquities are Kilchurn and
Achallader Castles. The churches are 2
Established and 1 Free ; and the public-
schools are 2, at respectively Dalmally and
Cladich. Glenorchy gives the title of
baron to the Earl of Breadalbane.

GLENORMISTON, seat on the Tweed,
about a mile west-north-west of Inner-
leithen, Peeblesshire.

GLENPROSEN, district among the
Grampians, 10 miles long and 4 miles,
broad, belonging to Kirriemuir parish,
Forfarshire. It has a quoad sacra parish
church for a pop. of 175, and a public
school with about 34 scholars.

GLENQUAICH. See Glenquiech.

GLENQUHARGEN, naked, rocky, mural
hill, 1657 feet high, overhanging Scarr
river, in Psnpont parish, Dumfriesshire.

GLENQUHARY, deep recess among
mountains, famous as a hiding-place of
the Covenanters, in Kirkconnel parish,
Dumfriesshire.

GLENQUICKEN, moor, thought to have
been a scene of battle between the Cale.-

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tlonians and the Romans, in Kirkmabreck
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

GLENQUIECH, glen of Quiech rivulet
and lake, with mansion, on north-west
border of Inverness-shire.

GLENQUIECH, glen of rivulet Quiech,
head-stream of the Bran, in Kenmore and
Dull parishes, Perthshire.

GLENQUIECH, small glen and seat in
Tannadice parish, Forfarshire.

GLENQUIECH, glen of Quiech burn, in
Crathie parish, Aberdeenshire.

GLENQUIECH (NORTH and SOUTH),
glens on mutual border of Perthshire and
Kinross-shire.

GLENRANZA, glen, traversed by furious
rivulet 4 miles north-north-westward to
head of Loch Ranza, in Arran Island,
Buteshire.

GLENRATH, small glen in Manor parish,
Peeblesshire.

GLENRINNES, quoad sacra parish, com-
prising parts of Aberlour and Mortlach,
Banffshire. Pop. 401.

GLENRISKA, glen and burn in Tweeds-
muir parish, Peeblesshire.

GLENROSA, magnificent glen, descend-
ing from west shoulder of Goatfell, 3 miles
southward and 2\ east-south-eastward to
Brodick, in Arran Island, Buteshire.

GLENROY, wild alpine glen, descending
14 miles south-westward to the Spean at
Bridge of Roy, in Lochaber, Inverness-
shire. It has three terraced lines of ancient
water-level, the lowest at an elevation of
1184 feet, the highest at 1266 feet.

GLENS, place with chapel -of -ease for
Glencreran and Glenetive, Argyleshire.

GLENSALLOCH, long mountain - pass
between Loch Creran and Loch Etive,
Argyleshire.

GLENSANDA, hill and ruined ancient
castle on Kingairloch coast, Argyleshire.

GLENSANNOX, profound dismal glen, de-
scending 4 miles north-eastward from Goat-
fell to the coast, in Arran Island, Buteshire.

GLENSASSUN, scene of a battle in
Bruce's wars in Fortingal parish,Perthshire.

GLENSAX, burn, running 6 miles north-
ward to the Tweed at 1^ mile east-south-
east of Peebles.

GLENSHANT, lowmost reach of Glenrosa,
Arran Island, Buteshire.

GLENSHEE, glen and quoad sacra parish
in north-east verge of Perthshire. The
glen commences at Spittal of Glenshee, 23
miles north of Blairgowrie, and descends
7 miles southward to convergence with
Strathardle. The parish includes the
glen, consists of part of Kirkmichael, and
has a post office under Blairgowrie, a good
inn, and a public school. Pop. 226.

GLENSHEE, glen of Shochie rivulet, in
Auchtergaven and Monedie parishes,
Perthshire.

GLENSHELLIS, seat in Strachur parish,
Argyleshire.

GLENSHERRIG, glen, descending 2 miles
east-north-eastward to Glenshant, Arran
Island, Buteshire.

GLENSHIEL, parish on south-west verge
of mainland of Ross-shire. It adjoins the
lower half of Loch Alsh down to vicinity
of Kyleakin Ferry, and extends thence 22
miles eastward, with breadth of from 2 to
6 miles. Its post town is Lochalsh. Real
property in 1880-81, £4916. Pop. 424.
The surface includes Glenshiel - proper,
about 15 miles long ; Glenlichd, shorter
than the other; Letterfearn, along Loch
Duich and Loch Alsh ; consists mostly of
acclivitous rocky mountains, from about
2500 to nearly 4000 feet high; and con-
tains, in a mountain-pass, the scene of a
battle in 1719 between the royal troops
and the Jacobites. The churches are
Established and Free. There are 2 schools
with accommodation for 76 scholars, and
both of them are new.

GLENSHIRA, fine glen, descending 8
miles south-south-westward to northern
vicinity of Inverary, Argyleshire.

GLENSHIRRA, seat in Laggan parish,
Inverness-shire.

GLENSHISKIN, vale traversed by Black-
water rivulet, in south-west of Arran
Island, Buteshire.

GLENSLIGACHAN, glen, descending 8
miles north-eastward to the coast at 7
miles south-south-east of Portree, Isle of
Skye. Its upper part is a gorge, with
scenery similar to that of the Cuchullin
Mountains, and its lower part is occupied
by Loch Sligachan.

GLENSLOY, grand mountain glen, em-
bosoming Loch Sloy, and descending 6
miles south-eastward to Loch Lomond, at
3£ miles north of Tarbet, Dumbartonshire.

GLENSPEAN, grand mountain glen, de-
scending 20 miles, chiefly west-south-west-
ward, from Loch Laggan to Great Glen, at
about a mile below foot of Loch Lochy,
Inverness-shire.

GLENSTACK, glen, descending 8 miles
west - north - westward to the coast, at
Scourie, Sutherland.

GLENSTRAE, alpine glen, descending 7
miles south-south- westward to Loch Awe
at south-east base of Bencruachan, Argyle-
shire.

GLENSTRATHFARRAR, glen, descend-
ing 13 miles east-north-eastward from Loch
Monar to convergence with Strathglass,
on north-west border of Inverness-shire.
It contains Lochs Bauchran and Miulie,
and is traversed by the rivulet Farrar.

GLENTAGGART, estate in Douglas par-
ish, Lanarkshire.

GLENTANNER, ancient parish, now
united to Aboyne, Aberdeenshire. It has
a public school with about 54 scholars.

GLENTARBERT, glen, descending 7
miles curvingly north - westward to Loch
Eil at 3^ miles south-west of Fort William,
Inverness-shire.

GLENTERRA, place, with small ancient
Caledonian stone circle and long file of
ancient stepping-stones, in Inch parish,
Wigtonshire.

GLENTILT, deep narrow alpine glen,

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descending 13 miles south-westward and
southward to Strathgarry, in vicinity of
Blair-Athole village, Perthshire.

GLENTINMONT, glen, descending among
Benchinnan Mountains southward to the
North Esk, on north border of Forfarshire.

GLENTREIG, glen, descending 8 miles
curvingly eastward from east side of Ben-
nevis, and then going 9 miles northward to
Glenspean, at 6 miles east-north-east of
Bridge of Roy, Inverness-shire.

GLENTRUIM, glen, descending 14 miles
northward from vicinity of Central Gram-
pian watershed to the Spey, at miles
south-west of Kingussie, Inverness-shire.
It is traversed by the Highland Railway,
and it contains Dalwhinnie station, two
mansions, and a public school.

GLENTURRET, glen, descending 7 miles
south-south- eastward to Strathearn, at \
mile west of Crieff, Perthshire.
• GLENTYAN, seat in Kilbarchan parish,
Renfrewshire.

GLENUIG, glen, descending northward
to Loch-na-Nua, in Arasaig district, Inver-
ness-shire.

GLENURCHAY. See Glenorchy.

GLENURE, glen, descending westward to
Creran river, in Ardchattan parish, Argyle-
shire.

GLENURE, seat on Loch Dochart, in
Killin parish, Perthshire.

GLENURQUHART, richly picturesque
glen, descending 10 miles eastward from
Corriemony to Loch Ness at 14 miles
south-west of Inverness. It contains a
post office under Drumnadrochit, a bank-
ing office, and Established, Free, and
Episcopalian churches.

GLENURY, glen, descending 2£ miles
south-south-eastward to Cowie river at 1J
mile west-north-west of Stonehaven, Kin-
cardineshire.

GLENVALE, deep ravine in Lomond
Hills, in Falkland parish, Fife.

GLENVECH, glen traversed by stream
with cascade, and descending to north side
of Loch Earn, Perthshire.

GLENWHILLY, place, 8£ miles south-
south-east of Barrhill, near boundary be-
tween Ayrshire and Wigtonshire. It has
a post office under Stranraer, and a rail-
way station.

GLENWHURRY. See Glenqtjhary.

GLESPIN, burn in Douglas parish,
Lanarkshire.

GLESTERLAW, place of cattle fairs in
Kinnell parish, Forfarshire.

GLIMSHOLM, islet at west end of Holm
Sound, Orkney.

GLITNESS, islet, 6 miles north-east of
Lerwick, Shetland.

GLOMACH, wild ravine, 750 feet deep,
with cascade of 350 feet, nearly all a single
leap, 5J miles north-north-east of Kintail
church, in south-west of Ross-shire.

GLOOMINGSIDE, burn in Tillicoultry
parish, Clackmannanshire.

GLOTTA, the river Clyde as known to
the ancients.

GLOUP, sea-cavern at base of high cliff
in St. Andrews parish, Orkney.

GLOUP, seat, bay, and islet in north of
Yell, Shetland.

GLUPE, large cavern in north face of
Duncansby promontory, Caithness.

GLUSS, islet and small bay in North-
maven parish, Shetland.

GOALES, interesting ravine in Kilmany
parish, Fife.

GOATFELL, magnificent mountain, 2874
feet high, on north-east seaboard of Arran
Island, Buteshire.

GOATFIELD, seat on Loch Fyne, 8£
miles south-west of Inverary, Argyleshire.

GOATMILK, hill, with site of Scandina-
vian fort, in Kinglassie parish, Fife.

GOBLIN'S CAVE. See CoiR-NAN-
Uriskin.

GOBLIN'S DELL, wild ravine in Ardtun
Head, on south-west coast of Mull Island,
Argyleshire.

GOGAR, ancient parish, now united
mostly to Corstorphine and partly to
Ratho and Kirkliston, in Edinburghshire.
It has a railway station, 5J miles west-by-
south of Edinburgh, is traversed by a
burn of its own name, contains the seats
of Gogar House, Gogar Mount, and Gogar
Burn, and was the scene of a sharp skir-
mish, in 1650, between Oliver Cromwell's
troops and those of General Leslie.

GOGO, hill, glen, and burn, in Largs
parish, Ayrshire.

GOIL, sea-loch in Cowal, Argyleshire.
It strikes from Loch Long at 8| miles
north of Strone Point ; goes 6 miles north-
north-westward, with mean breadth of
about a mile; is closely flanked on the
east side by the rugged lofty acclivities of
Argyle's Bowling-Green ; is overhung, on
the other side, by mountain-range in form
of amphitheatre ; and terminates at Loch-
goilhead village, in near vicinity of mouth
of Hell's Glen.

GOLDBERRY, mural line of high rock
at south-west extremity of Portincross pro-
montory, in West Kilbride parish, Ayrshire.

GOLDEN-ACRE, outskirt, northern sub-
urb of New Town, Edinburgh. It has a
post office, with money order department,
under Edinburgh.

GOLDIELANDS, strong, massive, well-
preserved Border peel on the Teviot, If
mile south-west of Hawick, Roxburgh-
shire.

GOLDIELEA, seat in Troqueer parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

GOLDSCOURSE, reach of Elvan rivulet,
once noted for gold, in Crawford parish,
Lanarkshire.

GOLFORD, place, with remains of ancient
Caledonian stone circle, in Auldearn par-
ish, Nairnshire.

GOLLACHIE, burn in Rathven parish,
Banffshire.

GOLLINFIELD, seat in Petty parish,
Inverness-shire.

GOLSPIE, town and parish on east
coast of Sutherland. The town stands

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215

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amid charming environs, 19 miles by road
and ferry, but 40 miles by railway, north-
north-east of Tain ; carries on some com-
merce and considerable country trade ;
and has a head post office with all depart-
ments, a railway station, 2 banking offices,
2 hotels, Established and Free churches,
and. a public school with about 235 scholars.
Pop. 956. — The parish contains also
Backies village, and measures about 7
miles by 5J. Real property in 1880-81,
£6432. Pop. 1556. The surface is
bounded on the south by Loch Fleet and
Little Ferry ; rises from flat seaboard into
range of lofty hills ; and is cut from west
to east by Golspie burn, traversing a pic-
turesque glen and making a fine cascade.
A very prominent feature is the Duke of
Sutherland's seat of Dunrobin Castle ; and
other objects of interest are a notable
ancient cemetery, ruins of two Pictish
towers, and remains of an ancient Caledo-
nian stone circle. There are 2 public schools
with accommodation for 328 scholars.

GOLYN. See Gulane.

GOMETRA, basaltic island adjacent to
west end of Ulva, off west coast of Mull,
Argyleshire. It comprises about 1800
acres, includes some good arable land, and
rises to a height of about 800 feet. Pop. 30.

GONOCHAN, hamlet and burn in Fintry
parish, Stirlingshire.

GOODBUSH, hill, 1556 feet high, 5 miles
north of Muirkirk, Ayrshire.

GOODIE, rivulet in south border of
Perthshire. It issues from Menteith Loch,
and runs 7 miles eastward to the Forth, at
5 miles west of Stirling.

GOODIE'S KNOWE, artificial hillock in
south-west of St. Ninian's parish, Stirling-
shire.

GOOSY, lake and head-stream of the Cree,
near south-eastern extremity of Ayrshire.

GORBALS, parish and large suburb in
south side of Glasgow. The parish com-
prises a compact mass of streets adjacent
to left bank of the Clyde, between Victoria
and Glasgow bridges. Pop., quoad civilia,
5567 ; quoad sacra, 4982. — The suburb
includes also Hutchesontown, Laurie-
ston, Tradeston, and Kingston ; is all
a compact mass of streets ; and has a
relation to Glasgow-proper similar to that
which Southwark has to London. Pro-
minent buildings in the parish are Gorbals
Established and Free churches; and pro-
minent features in the suburb are the new
railway lines and stations.

GORDON, village and parish in Berwick-
shire. The village stands on an eminence
near Eden river, 6 miles north-east of
Earlston ; was anciently the capital of a
territory comprehending much of Berwick-
shire and part of Roxburghshire ; gave
the title of duke from 1684 till 1836 to the
family of Gordon ; and has a post office
designated of Berwickshire, a railway sta-
tion, Established and Free churches, and
a public school with about 140 scholars.
Pop. 302. — The parish measures 6 miles

by 3|, and comprises 9713 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £10,392. Pop. 832.
The surface is uneven and gently hilly,
and about one-half of it is arable. Chief
objects of interest are the site of the
ancient seat of the noble family of Gordon,
the site of an extinct village of Huntly,
which gave them the title of marquis, and
the ruins of Greenknowe Tower.

GORDON CASTLE, a seat of the Duke of
Richmond, formerly the seat of the Dukes
of Gordon, in vicinity of Fochabers, Elgin-
shire. It is mostly a modern four-storey
structure, 568 feet long, but includes a
massive tower of 11th century, and it has
a grand park of 1300 acres.

GORDON HALL, seat in Kinnethmont
parish, Aberdeenshire.

GORDON PLACE, village in Dyce parish,
Aberdeenshire.

GORDONS MILLS, village in Resolis
parish, Ross-shire.

GORDONSTONE, a seat of Sir W. Gor-
don Cumming, Bart., in Duffus parish,
Elginshire.

GORDONSTOWN, village in Auchterless
parish, Aberdeenshire.

GORE, rivulet, running 8 miles north-
ward and north-westward to the South
Esk at Shank Point, about a mile beyond
Gorebridge, Edinburghshire.

GOREBRIDGE, village on Gore rivulet,
10 miles by road, but 12 by railway, south-
south-east of Edinburgh. It has a post
office with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Midlothian, a
railway station, a United Presbyterian
church, and a public school. Pop. 663.

GORGASK, burn, sometimes a wild
torrent, in Laggan parish, Inverness-shire.

GORGIE, village on Water of Leith, in
south-western outskirts of Edinburgh.
Pop. 656.

GORM, lake in Kiltarlity parish, Inver-
ness-shire.

GORM, lake in Assynt parish, Suther-
land.

GORM, lake in Kilchoman parish, Islay
Island, Argyleshire.

GORMDERRY, one of the Cairngorm
Mountains, south-east of Benmacdhu.

GORRIE, headland, south-west of Car-
saig, in south of Mull, Argyleshire.

GORTHY, section of Fowlis-Wester
parish, Perthshire.

GORTLECH, seat and post office under
Inverness, in Dores parish, Inverness-shire.

GOSELAND, lofty hill in Kilbucho par-
ish, Peeblesshire.

GOSFORD, chief seat of the Earl of
Wemyss, on the coast, 5| miles north-west
of Haddington.

GOTT, bay in north-east of Tyree Island,
Argyleshire.

GOTT, hamlet in Tingwall parish, Shet-
land. It has a public school with about
51 scholars.

GOULDIE, village in Monikie parish,
Forfarshire.

GOUR, lake in Criech parish, Sutherland.

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GOURDIE, seat and hill in Clunie par-
ish, Perthshire.

GOURDON, fishing village, 11 mile south
of Bervie, Kincardineshire. It has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Fordoun, a railway sta-
tion, a pretty good harbour, and a public
school with about 164 scholars. Pop. 919.

GOUROCK, bay, town, and quoad sacra
parish, averagely 2| miles west-north-west
of Greenock, Renfrewshire. The bay faces
the north ; is flanked on the west by Kem-
pock Point ; has a half -moon form on
a chord of nearly a mile ; and is a
favourite anchoring place of yachts. — The
town curves round most of the bay to
Kempock Point, and then under the name
of Ashton extends about a mile to the
south-west ; is overhung throughout by a
diversity of braes and hills ; commands,
both from these and from most of its
thoroughfares, delightful views across the
firth ; sprang from an ancient fishing
hamlet, and became very early a favourite
watering-place ; consists chiefly of a single
street-line on an ancient sea-beach, but
includes numerous villas and other dwell-
ings on the braes ; contains, on a cliff
behind the street-line at Kempock, a
turretted edifice called Gourock Castle ;
communicates with all the Clyde steamers
plying to places lower down the firth ;
communicates with Greenock also by tram-
way ; and has a post office with all
departments under Greenock, a banking
office, 3 small hotels, a good stone pier
and jetty of 1840, a public institute
erected in 1875-76 at a cost of more than
£7000, an Established church of 1832,
Free, United Presbyterian, and Episco-
palian churches of later dates, Congrega-
tional and Roman Catholic chapels of
1880, and 2 large public schools of 1877.
Pop. 3308. Gourock House, in southern
vicinity of the town, is a modern mansion,
and stands on or near the site of an ancient
castle of the Earls of Douglas. Pop. of
the parish, 4263.

GOUROCK, burn in West Kilbride parish,
Ayrshire.

GOVAN, town in Lanarkshire, and par-
ish partly also in Renfrewshire. The town
stands on left bank of the Clyde, 2 miles
west of Glasgow Bridge ; dates from the
Culdee times ; was long the rival or equal
of Glasgow, in both size and importance ;
declined, after 16th century, into the con-
dition of a poor village ; lay, till some years
after the commencement of steam naviga-
tion, about lJj mile apart from both the
harbour and the outskirts of Glasgow ; is
now intimately connected with both the
extended harbour and the new south-
western suburbs ; consists chiefly of new
well-built streets and numerous villas ;
carries on vast business in connection with
extensive shipbuilding yards, and with a
graving dock, formed at a cost of nearly
£90,000, and opened in December 1875 ;
had such rapid increase of it, that another

graving dock, estimated also to cost nearly
£90,000, began to be formed in 1882;
communicates with Partick by ferry, and
with Glasgow by both railway and tram-
way ; and has a post office with all depart-
ments under Glasgow, 3 banking offices, 4
Established churches, 3 Free, 3 United
Presbyterian, 4 of other denominations, 5
public schools, and an endowed school.
The parochial church is a large steepled
edifice of 1826, and was designed in 1875
to be enlarged at a cost of £7000 ; and
several of the other churches are handsome,
costly, and quite recent structures. Pop.
in 1861, 7637; in 1871, 19,200; in 1881,
49,426. — The parish contains also Partick,
Hillhead, Dowanhill, "Whiteinch, Kinning
Park, Pollockshields, Queen's Park,
Govanhill, and much of the large portion
of Glasgow on left side of the Clyde. Its
length is 6 miles ; its greatest breadth 3
miles ; its area in Lanarkshire, 5531 acres,
in Renfrewshire, 1202 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £580,440 and £145,598.
Pop., quoad civilia, 232,457; quoad sacra,
109, 729. The land is mostly rich flat, skirted
by gentle elevations ; and, downward from
influx of the Kelvin, is bisected by the
Clyde. The several towns and suburbs,
with their churches and other features, are
separately noticed. The seats are numer-
ous, and a chief antiquity is Hagg's Castle.

GOVANHILL, suburban town, 1£ mile
south of Albert Bridge, Glasgow. It stands
adjacent to the Caledonian Railway, be-
tween Govan Ironworks and Crosshill;
consists chiefly of streets crossing one
another at right angles, all of recent con-
struction ; was constituted a police burgh
in 1877 ; communicates by tramway with
the centre of Glasgow; and has a post office,
with money order department, under
Glasgow, a banking office, a public hall,
erected in 1879 at a cost of nearly £20,000,
an Established church of 1881, a United
Presbyterian church of 1880, Free and
Methodist churches, and a large public
school. Pop. 9636. The ironworks in
its vicinity are extensive, and throw a
lurid glare by night over great part of the
city and suburbs.

GOVANHILL, wooded eminence in Craig
parish, Forfarshire.

GOVAN (ST. MARY), quoad sacra parish,
with Established and Free churches, in
Govan. Pop. 8722.

GOWANBANK, village in St. Vigeans
parish, Forfarshire. It has a post office
under Arbroath.

GOWELL, sheltering islet in Stornoway
Bay, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

GOWKHALL, village in Carnock parish,
Fife.

GOWKSHILL, village in Cockpen parish,
Edinburghshire.

GOWRIE, ancient district, extending
from Stormont to Firth of Tay, Perthshire.
See Carse of Gowkie.

GRADEN, burn and site of extinct
village, in Coldstream parish, Berwickshire.

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217

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GRADEN - PLACE, vestige of strong
ancient Border fortalice in Linton parish,
Roxburghshire.

GRAEMSAY, island, about 4| miles in
circumference, -J mile south of Stromness,
Orkney. It is crowned by two lighthouses,
with respectively white and red fixed
lights, visible at the distance of 11 and 15
nautical miles. Pop. 236.

GRAHAM'S CASTLE, ruined strong an-
cient fortalice, near western extremity of
St. Ninian's parish, Stirlingshire.

GRAHAM'S DYKE. See Antoninus'
Wall.

GRAHAMSHILL, suburb of Airdrie,
Lanarkshire.

GRAHAMSLAW, place, with artificial
caves, hiding-places of the Covenanters, in
Eckford parish, Roxburghshire.

GRAHAMSTOWN, suburb of Falkirk,
Stirlingshire. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Falkirk, a railway station, and a
steepled Gothic quoad sacra parochial
church of 1876. Pop. of its quoad sacra
parish, 5200.

GRAHAMSTOWN, section or suburb of
Barrhead, Renfrewshire.

GRAITNEY. See Gketna.

GRAMPIANS, all chains and groups of
mountains, north of Lennox, east of Lorn,
and south of Great Glen. One chain, the
grandest and loftiest, often called the
Central Grampians, extends eastward from
Bennevis to Mount Battock ; another
chain extends northward from Benlomond
to contact with the former at Rannoch ;
and a third series, but not a chain, flanks
the north-west side of the line of straths
from head-streams of the Forth to vicinity
of Stoneha ven.

GRAMRY, islet, north of Lismore, in
Loch Linnhe, Argyleshire.

GRANDHOLM, seat and factories in Old
Machar parish, Aberdeenshire.

GRANDTULLY, estate, with railway
station, mansion, chapel-of-ease, and pub-
lic school, on the Tay, 6 miles west of
Logierait, Perthshire. The mansion be-
longs to Sir Archibald D. Stewart, Bart. ;
is an old castellated pile, kept in habitable
condition ; and is believed to be the proto-
type of ' Tullyveolan ' in Sir Walter Scott's
Waverley.

GRANGE, southern suburb of Edinburgh,
extending about a mile westward from
Newington to Morningside. It covers the
quondam grange or farm of St. Giles'
Collegiate Church ; consists mostly of
rows of modern or recent villas, along spa-
cious thoroughfares ; contains two hand-
some churches, Established and Free, of
respectively 1871 and 1866 ; and adjoins a
modern ornate cemetery, containing the
graves of numerous distinguished men.

GRANGE, parish, with railway station
between Keith and Rothiemay, in Banff-
shire. Its post town is Keith. Its length
is G miles ; its greatest breadth 5 miles ;
its area 15,041 acres. Real property in

1880-81, £7470. Pop. 1754. The southern
border is a hill-ridge ; the tract adjacent
to that is low ground traversed by Isla
river ; and the tracts northward rise in
three successive ridges to a termination
on Knock Hill at an altitude of 1409 feet
above sea-level. Limestone abounds, and
is worked. A grand ancient castle of the
abbots of Kinloss stood on a spot now
occupied by the parochial church ; and a
tumulus, called the King's Cairn, supposed
to commemorate the result of a battle
with the Danes, is on the top of Altmore
Hill. The churches are Established, Free,
and United Presbyterian. There are 3
schools for 353 scholars, and 2 of them for
240 are new.

GRANGE, village in St. Andrews parish,
Fife.

GRANGE, village in Errol parish,
Perthshire.

GRANGE, seat and large distillery in
Burntisland parish, Fife.

GRANGE, seat in Monifieth parish, For-
farshire.

GRANGE, seat in Carriden parish,
Linlithgowshire.

GRANGE, burn, entering the Carron, at
Grangemouth, Stirlingshire.

GRANGE, burn bisecting Kirkcudbright
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

GRANGEFELL, hill in Tundergarth
parish, Dumfriesshire.

GRANGEHALL, seat in Kinloss parish,
Elginshire.

GRANGEMOUTH, seaport town and
quoad sacra parish in Stirlingshire. The
town stands at east end of Forth and
Clyde Canal, 3 miles north-east of Falkirk ;
has site, environs, and aspect similar to
those of a Dutch town ; serves both as the
entrepot of the canal and the seat of com-
merce for most of Stirlingshire ; carries on
shipbuilding and rope-making, and pub-
lishes a weekly newspaper; and has a
head post office with all departments, a
terminal railway station, two banking
offices, extensive docks, Established, Free,
and United Presbyterian churches, 2 large
public schools, and a public park opened in
1882. The harbour included, subsequent
to 1841, a wet dock of 4 acres and two
timber basins of 17 acres ; and acquired,
in 1879-82, a new dock of 11 acres, a new
timber basin of 8 acres, and other import-
ant extensions and improvements. The
vessels belonging to the port at end of
1879 were 39 sailing vessels of 2759 tons,
and 33 steam vessels of 8188 tons. The
vessels which entered in 1879 were 1116
British of 310,132 tons, and 455 foreign
of 83,592 tons ; and those which cleared
were 1139 British of 316,509 tons, and
453 foreign of 83,081 tons. Pop. of the
town, 4424 ; of the quoad sacra parish, 4560

GRANGEMUIR, seat in Anstruther-
Wester parish, Fife.

GRANGE OF LINDORES, village in
Abdie parish, Fife.

GRANGEPANS, coast village, suburban

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to Borrowstownness, Linlithgowshire.
Pop. 798.

GRANNOCH, lake, 3 miles long, in
Girthon parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

GRANTON, seaport on the Forth, 2£
miles north-north-west of Edinburgh. It
was founded in 1835, and constituted a
head port in 1860 ; it is the ferry station
of the North British Railway system for
Fife, Dundee, and Perth, and the port for
many coasting and sea-going steamers ;
and it has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, under Edin-
burgh, a commodious railway station, a
banking office, a hotel, a grand pier 1700
feet long and from 80 to 160 feet broad,
sheltered all round by strong breakwater
bulwarks, an Established church of 1879,
a Free church at some little distance,
erected in 1881, and 2 public schools.
The vessels belonging to it at end of 1879
were 5 sailing vessels of 612 tons, and 17
steam vessels of 2089 tons. The vessels
which entered in 1879 were 597 British of
180,022 tons, and 358 foreign of 71,229
tons ; and the vessels which cleared were
605 British of 184,107 tons, and 359 foreign
of 72,926 tons. Pop. 855.

GRANTON-ROAD, railway station, 2|
miles west-by-north of centre of Edin-
burgh.

GRANTOWN, town in valley of the
Spey, 23^ miles south of Forres, Elgin-
shire. It was founded in 1766 ; is regu-
larly aligned and well-built, of whitish
fine-grained granite ; and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Inverness-shire, a
railway station, 3 banking offices, 2 hotels,
a new court-house, a public hall of 1877,
a water supply of 1881, Established, Free,
Congregational, and Baptist churches, a
grammar school, and an industrial school.
Pop. 1374.

GRANT'S HOUSE, place, 9 miles north-
west of Ay ton, Berwickshire. It has a
railway- station, and a post office, with
money order department, designated of
Berwickshire.

GRASS, lake in Dallas parish, Elginshire.

GRASSFIELD, seat on south-east side of
"West Loch Tarbert, Argyleshire.

GRASSHOLM, islet adjacent to Shapin-
shay, Orkney.

GRASSHOUSES, hamlet in Glammis
parish, Forfarshire.

GRASSYWALLS, vestige of large Roman
camp, 3 miles north of Perth.

GRAVELAND, headland at middle of
west side of Yell Island, Shetland.

GRAVEN, place, with Free church of
1881, in Lochs parish, Lewis, Outer
Hebrides.

GRAY, seat, 3J miles west-north- west
of Dundee.

GRAY, hill, with large tumuli, in Towie
parish, Aberdeenshire.

GREAT CAIRN, mountain, 2633 feet
high, overhanging Glenaven, in south-
west extremity of Banffshire.

GREAT CAUSEWAY. See Staffa.

GREAT CAVE, cavern on west coast of
Gigha Island , Argyleshire. See also Staffa.

GREAT COLONNADE. See Staffa.

GREAT DIRRINGTON, high conical hill
in Longformacus parish, Berwickshire.

GREAT DOOR, strait between Craignish
Point and Garbhreisa Islet, Argyleshire.

GREAT GLEN, glen, 57 miles long, south-
westward from Moray Firth at Inverness-
to Loch Eil at Fort- William, Inverness-
shire. Its bottom is occupied, to the aggre-
gate of nearly 40 miles, by navigable lakes,
and all traversed by the Caledonian Canal.

GREATLAWS, place, where Roman coins
have been found, in Skirling parish,
Peeblesshire.

GREATMOOR, mountain, 1964 feet high,
in Castleton parish, Roxburghshire.

GREAT NORTH OF SCOTLAND RAIL-
WAY, railway system ramified through
Aberdeenshire, Banffshire, and Elgin-
shire, and passing into junction with
Highland Railway. It was authorized in
1847 as a line from Aberdeen to Inverness,
with branches to Banff, Portsoy, Gar-
mouth, and Burghead, aggregately 138^
miles long. It became amalgamated with
other lines in 1866 ; and it now includes,
in itself or in its working, the Denburn,
the Formartine and Buchan, the Old
Meldrum Junction, the Alford Valley,
the Aberdeen and Turriff, the Banff,
Macduff, and Turriff Extension, the Banff-
shire, Keith, and Dufftown, the Strath-
spey, and the Morayshire. The amount
of its stock and share capital, in 1879-80,
was £2,960,724; of its ordinary capital,
£87,791 ; of its loans and debenture stock,
£956,807.

GREAT SKERRY, reef off Drainie coast,
Elginshire.

GREENAN, ruined old fortalice, f mile
east-by-north of Ayr Heads, Ayrshire.

GREENAN, small lake in Rothesay
parish, Isle of Bute.

GREENBANK, suburb of Greenock, Ren-
frewshire. It has a United Presbyterian
church of 1882.

GREENBANK, seat in Mearns parish,
Renfrewshire.

GREENBANK, birth-place of Archbishop
Spottiswood, near Mid-Calder, Edinburgh-
shire.

GREENBANK, seat in North Yell parish,
Shetland.

GREENBARN, place of fairs in Newhills
parish, Aberdeenshire.

GREENBRAE, part of Stoop village, near
Dumfries.

GREEN CASTLE, ancient Caledonian
fort in Fordoun parish, Kincardineshire.

GREENCRAIG, hill, with vestige of
ancient fort, and with grand view, in
Creich parish, Fife.

GREENDYKES, estate, with remarkably
fine farm offices, in Gladsmuir parish,
Haddingtonshire.

GREENEND, village in Old Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire.

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219

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GREENFIELD, place, with railway sta-
tion and large public school, on north-west
border of Hamilton parish, Lanarkshire.

GREENFIELD, suburb of Govan, Lanark-
shire. It has a United Presbyterian church.

GREENFIELD, land and lake in Eagles-
ham parish, Renfrewshire.

GREENFOOT, hamlet in Sorn parish,
Ayrshire.

GREENGAIRS, village in New Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire. It has a chapel-of-
ease, built in 1876, and a Free church.
Pop. 798.

GREENHALL, seat in Blantyre parish,
Lanarkshire.

GREENHEAD, quoad sacra parish in Cal-
ton, Glasgow. It was constituted in 1875,
and it contains an Established church and
a United Presbyterian church. Pop. 4978.

GREENHILL, village, with railway junc-
tion station, 15J miles east-north-east of
Glasgow. Pop. 243.

GREENHILL, village in Lochmaben
parish, Dumfriesshire.

GREENHILL, seat near Eutherglen,
Lanarkshire.

GREENHILL, coal-field in Old Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire.

GREENHILL, seat in Hounam parish,
Roxburghshire.

GREENHILL, mountain in Strathdon
parish, Aberdeenshire.

GREENHILL, wooded eminence in Desk-
ford parish, Banffshire.

GREENHILL, hill in Rescobie parish,
Forfarshire.

GREENHOLM, suburb of Newmilns, Ayr-
shire.

GREENHOLM, islet, 1J mile south-west
of Eday, Orkney.

GREENHOLM (LITTLE and MEIKLE),

two islets in Eday parish, Orkney.

GREENKNOWE, hamlet in Annan par-
ish, Dumfriesshire. It has a quoad sacra
parochial church, and a public school with
about 125 scholars.

GREENKNOWE, large, oval, artificial, an-
cient mound, in Culter parish, Lanarkshire.

GREENKNOWE, dilapidated old tower,
once the seat of the Covenanter Pringle,
in Gordon parish, Berwickshire.

GREENLAND, hamlet and hill in Dunnet
parish, Caithness. The hamlet has a post
office under Wick, and a public school
with about 52 scholars ; and the hill is
crowned with an ancient tumulus.

GREENLAW, town and parish in Ber-
wickshire. The town stands on Blackadder
river, 1\ miles south-south-west of Dunse ;
succeeded an extinct ancient town of its
own name on a round green hill about a
mile to the south ; was the capital of
Berwickshire from 1696 till 1853, and still
shares that status with Dunse ; comprises
a large market square and divergent short
streets ; and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Berwickshire, a railway station, a
banking office, 2 good inns, a handsome
modern county hall, a modern county jail,

Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
and Episcopalian churches, and a public
school with about 108 scholars. Pop. 744.
— The parish measures 8 miles by 4, and
comprises 12,149 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £13,075. Pop. 1245. The surface
in the north is moorish and heathy, but
elsewhere is mostly level and fertile. The
seats are Lambden, Rowchester, and Old
Greenlaw ; and the antiquities are several
cairns, remains of a camp, and sites of
two religious houses.

GREENLAW, place, If mile north-by-
east of Penicuick, Edinburghshire. It
was originally an old mansion, transmuted
in 1804 into a depot for French prisoners
of war; it underwent great extension in
1813 for the same purpose, at a cost of
about £100,000 ; and it was enlarged in
1875, by erection of a new suite of barracks,
to serve as the centre depot of the south-
east brigade district of Scotland.

GREENLAW, seat in Abbey-Paisley par-
ish, Renfrewshire.

GREENLAW, seat in Crossmichael par-
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

GREENLAW, hill in Insch parish, Aber-
deenshire.

GREENLOANING, village, 6 miles north-
east of Dunblane, Perthshire. It has a
railway station, an inn, a United Presby-
terian church, and a public school with
about 54 scholars.

GREENMILL, village, with parochial
church, in Caerlaverock parish, Dumfries-
shire.

GREENOCK, town and three parishes
on Firth of Clyde, in north-west of Ren-
frewshire. The town stands opposite
Helensburgh, 5 miles east of the firth's
sudden bend from west to south, and 21
by water, but 22^ by railway, west-north-
west of Glasgow. It ranks as a head port,
a seat of manufacture, a tourists' centre,
a seat of sheriff courts, and a burgh send-
ing a member to Parliament. It sprang
from two fishing villages of the 17th cen-
tury, the one on ground near its present
centre, the other on ground in its present
eastern suburb ; it acquired some note by
construction of an artificial harbour in
1733-34, at a cost of about £5000; it
ranked, at beginning of present century,
as the greatest port in Scotland ; it
suffered severely from the deepening of
the Clyde up to Glasgow, with result of
transferring much of its commerce to that
city, but afterwards acquired compensating
advantages ; and it now has quays and
docks to the length of nearly 2 miles, and
extends backward from them with a mean
breadth of about 2 furlongs. Its site is
partly a belt of plain along the shore,
partly a series of gentle diverse acclivities,
overhung in near distances by a vale-cloven
hill-ridge, with summits from 804 to 995
feet high ; and it commands, from multi-
tudes of standpoints, one of the grandest
views in Great Britain. The central parts
comprise an open square, a number of

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220

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well-built streets, and some pleasant out-
skirts ; the western parts comprise nume-
rous airy, modern, handsome streets,
terraces, and lines of villas ; and the
eastern parts are mostly close, plain, and
squalid. Lyle Road, from Finnart Street
round and over Binnans Hill to Gourock
toll, was opened in May 1880, cost £13,000,
is nearly 2 miles long, and commands a
series of gorgeous views.

The town has a head post office with all
departments, 5 sub post offices with each
a money order department, 4 railway sta-
tions, 7 banking offices, 3 sub banking
offices, 5 hotels, a number of imposing civil
public buildings, 10 Established churches,
10 Free churches, 7 United Presbyterian
churches, 1 Reformed Presbyterian, 2
Congregational, 1 Evangelical Union, 1
Baptist, 1 Wesleyan Methodist, 1 Primi-
tive Methodist, 1 Episcopalian, and 2
Roman Catholic, an academy with accom-
modation for 1086 scholars, 46 other
schools with accommodation for 8307
scholars, a large public library, a mechan-
ics' institution, an infirmary, and a number
of miscellaneous institutions. Two public
parks of 4 and 8 acres are in the southern
outskirts ; Garvel Park, purchased by the
Harbour Trustees in 1867 for £80,964, is
in the extreme east ; and a modern ultra-
mural ornamental cemetery, comprising 22
acres, is on high ground in the south-
western outskirts, contains a number of
handsome monuments, and is intended to
be crowned with a monument to James
"Watt, 225 feet high, terminating in an
observatory and a time-ball. The water-
works draw from reservoirs among the
hills from 2j to 3£ miles south of the
town ; were constructed in 1827, at a cost
of £90,000 ; and send down a perennial
stream of such volume as, in the course
of its descent, drives the machinery of a
number of mills and factories. A tramway
system traverses the principal streets, and
is prolonged to Gourock. The town carries
on extensive manufacture in numerous
departments ; is noted especially for sugar-
refining and shipbuilding ; conducts com-
merce chiefly with North and South
America and with the East Indies ; and
publishes 2 newspapers daily and 1 weekly.

The New Municipal Buildings were pro-
jected near the end of 1879, to cost about
£80,000 ; to stand in the centre of the
town with frontages to four thoroughfares ;
to be in the renaissance style, after the
manner of the Louvre in Paris ; and to have,
on their principal frontage, a massive
dome - capped tower, 245 feet high ; and
they were founded in August 1881. The
Exchange Buildings, a little east of the
New Municipal, were erected in 1814 at a
cost of £7000. The Custom House, facing
a broad esplanade, at upper steamboat
quay, was erected in 1818 at a cost of
£30,000, and is a large edifice with fine
Grecian portico. The Middle and the
West Established churches are spacious

edifices of 1757 and 1840, with lofty steeples
of 1787 and 1854. Another of the Es-
tablished churches was erected since 1877.
The Middle Free church was erected in
1871, at a cost of about £16,000, and has a
steeple fully 200 feet high. Another of
the Free churches is a loftily-steepled
edifice of 1855 ; and another was erected
in 1880, at a cost of about £9000. Three
United Presbyterian churches are hand-
some structures of 1834, 1854, and 1871 ;
and another was founded in 1881 in lieu of
one utterly destroyed by fire. One of the
Congregational churches is a neat building
of 1840, enlarged and improved in 1880-81.
The Baptist church was erected in 1878 at
a cost of £5000. The Episcopalian church
was erected in 1878, occupies the site of a
previous church, and cost about £10,000.
The Academy was erected in 1855, and is in
the old monastic style. Four public schools
were erected in 1876-78 ; and 2 of them,
for 1350 scholars, cost £16,680. The
Roman Catholic schools were founded in
1877, and estimated to cost £6000. The
Watt Monument, containing Greenock
Library, was erected in 1837 at a cost of
£3000 ; and the Watt Museum and
Lecture Hall stand behind it, and were
erected in 1876 at a cost of £6400. Wood's
Hospital for disabled seamen was erected
in 1851 at a cost of £10,000, out of a
bequest of £140,000, and is in the Tudor
style. The Parochial Board Offices were
projected in 1877, and estimated to cost
about £8000. The Poors' Asylum, a little
south of the town, was erected in 1876-79,
at a cost of more than £100,000, and is in
the old Scottish baronial style. Baths
were sanctioned in 1880, to include re-
creation grounds and gymnasium, and were
expected to cost about £5500.

The harbour comprises all kinds of
works and appliances suited to a first-
class port ; it had, prior to 1870, an aggre-
gate berthage of about 11,240 feet ; and it
acquired, after that year, new works in
the west, on ground purchased for £80,000,
and extensive works in the east, including
a graving dock and the James Watt wet
dock. The graving dock there was formed
at a cost of £53,047, and opened in 1874.
The James Watt wet dock was begun to
be formed in 1878, at estimated cost of
£243,259, exclusive of accessories to cost
probably £100,000 ; measures 2000 feet in
length and 300 feet in breadth ; has a
jetty 1000 feet long in its centre, and a
quayage of 7200 feet ; and is adjoined by a
tidal harbour with a quayage of 1054 feet.
The Harbour Trustees promoted a bill in
the session of 1879-80 for powers to con-
struct new works, and to borrow £1,300,000.
The vessels belonging to the port, at end of
1879, were 365 sailing vessels of 171,214
tons, and 72 steam vessels of 34,801 tons.
The vessels which entered in 1879 were
6881 British of 1,293,193 tons, and 189
foreign of 85,568 tons ; and those which
cleared were 4794 British of 675,485 tons,

GRE

221

GRE

and 153 foreign of 69,104 tons. Real pro-
perty of the burgh in 1880-81, £369,431.
Pop. in 1871, 57,146 ; in 1881, 64,722.

The parishes are East, Middle, and
"West ; they are treated in many respects
as one ; and. they contain Fort-Matilda and
a suburb of Port-Glasgow. Their length
along the coast is 4f miles ; their greatest
breadth nearly 3 miles ; their area6021 acres.
Real property in 1880-81 of landward
parts, £38,054. Pop. of the East, 21,611 ;
of the Middle, 6180 ; of the West, 40,627.
The quoad sacra parishes of North, South,
Cartsburn, and Gaelic are included.
Pop., quoad sacra, of the East, 7382 ; of
the Middle, 6180 ; of the North, 1300 ; of
the South, 10,319 ; of the West, 28,861.
The shore is low and sandy ; the immediate
seaboard, or belt contiguous to the shore,
is low and flat ; the western section
inward from that belt is Binnan's Hill,
rising gradually to a high, bold, abrupt
face overhanging Fort-Matilda ; the tract
immediately south-west of the town is a
fine hill-girt vale, traversed by road and
railway toward Innerkip ; the tract from
that vale to the eastern boundary is a hill-
group or hill-ridge, with summits from 804
to 995 feet high ; and the south-eastern
section is high moorland, with sources of
Gryfe river. Sandstone and trap rock are
quarried.

GREENOCK, head-stream of Ayr river,
Ayrshire.

GREENOCK (UPPER), railway station
in southern outskirts of Greenock.

GREENRIDGE, coal-field in Whitburn
parish, Linlithgowshire.

GREENRIVER, seat in Hobkirk parish,
Roxburghshire.

GREENS, place, 7 miles east of Turriff,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Turriff.

GREENSIDE, parish in east of New
Town, Edinburgh. Pop., quoad civilia,
5993 ; quoad sacra, 4092.

GREENSIDE, place in Stonehouse parish,
Lanarkshire. It has a public school with
about 127 scholars.

GREENSIDE, place in Alloa, Clack-
mannanshire. It has a public school
with about 112 scholars.

GREENSKAINS, estate in Gamrie parish,
Banffshire.

GREENSTONE, headland on north side
of Loch Ewe, west coast of Ross-shire.

GREENTABLE, hill in north-east of Loth
parish, Sutherland.

GREENYARD. See Greinokd.

GREENYARDS, coal-field in St. Ninian's
parish, Stirlingshire.

GREETO, affluent of Gogo rivulet, Largs
parish, Ayrshire.

GREGG,affluent of the Stinchar, Ayrshire.

GREGG ARY, coast -cliff in Portpatrick
parish, Wigtonshire.

GREGNESS, headland on south side of
Nigg Bay, Kincardineshire.

GREGORY, quondam baronial castle in
St. Vigeans parish, Forfarshire.

GREINORD, sea-loch and district on
west coast of Ross-shire. The loch is
intermediate between Loch Broom and
Loch Ewe ; measures 6£ miles across the
entrance ; penetrates 7 miles south-south-
eastward ; contains in its mouth an island
1^ mile long; has, in its upper part, a
half -moon form ; and receives there a
rivulet, descending 10 miles north-west-
ward along a mountain glen. — The district
lies around the sea-loch, and may be
roughly defined as extending south-east-
ward to the rivulet's source, and south-
westward from Little Broom to Loch Ewe.

GREMISTA, seat in Lerwick parish,
Shetland.

GRENNAN, small bay and hill in Kirk-
maiden parish, Wigtonshire.

GRESS, coast district, with seat, cavern,
rivulet, cairn, and site of old chapel, 7
miles north - north - east of Stornoway,
Outer Hebrides. The cavern is partly
stalactitic, and more than 600 feet long.

GRESSALLACH, bay on east coast of
Harris, Outer Hebrides.

GRETNA, parish, containing Springfield
village, and Gretna Green, Old Gretna,
Rigg of Gretna, and Brewhouses ham-
lets, on south-east border of Dumfries-
shire. It has a post office of its own
name, with money order department,
under Carlisle ; it adjoins Gretna railway
station, and contains Gretna Green railway
station ; and it is separated by the rivulet
Sark and the Solway Firth from England.
Its length is 6| miles ; its greatest breadth
3| miles ; its area 7863 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £9345. Pop. 1212.
The surface is mostly level, but has some
slight rising-grounds, and includes a hill
about 250 feet high, commanding an
extensive view. Gretna Green hamlet
is suburban to Springfield ; Old Gretna
lies on Kirtle rivulet, about \ mile from
the Solway ; Rigg of Gretna lies also on
the Kirtle, 5 furlongs from Old Gretna;
and Brewhouses is a tiny port on the
Solway. The antiquities are a vestige
of an ancient Caledonian stone circle,
and sites of several strong Border peels ;
and a great reminiscence is that of cele-
bration of marriages between runaways
from England. The churches are Es-
tablished and United Presbyterian ; and
the schools are 2 new public ones for
251 scholars.

GREYFRIARS, quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in Aber-
deen. Pop. 6387.

GREYFRIARS, Dumfries. See Dum-
fries-Greyfriars.

GREYFRIARS (NEW and OLD), two
parishes in Old Town, Edinburgh. Pop.
3037 and 2371.

GREYHEAD, headland in Canisbay
parish, Caithness.

GREYHOPE, small bay in Nigg parish,
Kincardineshire.

GREY-MARE'S-TAIL, precipitous fall of
350 feet, on stream issuing from Loch

GRE

222

GUT

Skene, 8| miles north-east of Moffat,
Dumfriesshire. See also Crichup.

GREYSTONE, place, with post office
under Arbroath, Forfarshire.

GREYSTONELEES, estate in Ayton
parish, Berwickshire.

GRIAM, lake in Lairg parish, Sutherland.

GRIBON, promontory on west side of
Mull Island, Argyleshire. It contains
the great cavern called Mackinnon's Cave ;
presents to the sea a range of high cliffs ;
and ascends in successive trap terraces to
an altitude of nearly 2000 feet.

GRIBTON, seat in Holywood parish,
Dumfriesshire.

GRICENESS, headland on east coast of
Stronsay Island, Orkney.

GRIEF, skerry, 3J miles east of Whalsey,
Shetland.

GRIESHERNISH, seat and sea-loch in
Duirinish parish, Isle of Skye.

GRIMASHADER, sea-loch, 5 miles south
of Stornoway, Outer Hebrides.

GRIMBISTER, islet in Firth Bay, on
east side of Pomona, Orkney.

GRIME'S DYKE. See Antoninus' Wall.

GRIMINISH, headland in north-west of
North Uist, Outer Hebrides.

GRIMNESS, hamlet and headland on
east side of South Ronaldshay, Orkney.
The hamlet has a public school with about
66 scholars.

GRIMSAY, island, 3 miles long, be-
tween North Uist and Benbecula, Outer
Hebrides. It has' a post office under
Lochmaddy. Pop. 292.

GRIMSAY, island in South Uist parish,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 28.

GRIMSHADIR. See Grimashader.

GRIMTSTA, salmon streamlet in Uig
parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

GRIOSAMUL,hill,1250 ft. high, near head
of Loch Resort, in Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

GRITMOOR, mountain on mutual border
of Castleton and Teviothead parishes, Rox-
burghshire.

GROAY, islet, 2 miles south-west of
southern extremity of Harris, Outer
Hebrides.

GROG, quondam lake in Cadder parish,
Lanarkshire.

GROUGAR, hamlet in Kilmarnock
parish, Ayrshire. It has a public school
with about 71 scholars.

GROVE, seat in Kirkpatrick-Irongray
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

GRUBIT, hills in Morebattle parish,
Pvoxburghsbire.

GRUBMORE, place, with tower, on
north-west side of Loch Naver, Sutherland.

GRUCULA, or AGRICOLA, place said to
have been fatal to one of Agricola's ships,
on west coast of Shapinshay, Orkney.

GRUDIE, rivulet, running 8 miles north-
ward to head of Kyle of Durness,Sutherland.

GRUDIE, rivulet, running about 6 miles
northward to upper part of Loch Maree,
Ross-shire.

GRUGAIG, rivulet, running to Dornoch
Firth, in Eddertoun parish, Ross-shire.

GRUINARD, hamlet and sea-loch on
north-west side of Islay Island, Argyle-
shire. The hamlet has a post office
under Greenock ; and the loch strikes
southward, and is about 4 miles long.

GRUINARD, Ross-shire. See Greinord.

GRUNA, small island, If mile north of
Fetlar, Shetland.

GRUTING, bay and burying-place in
Sandsting parish, Shetland.

GRUVER, village in Lochs parish, Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 368.

GRYFE, river, running about 17 miles pre-
vailingly eastward to the Black Cart at 2J
miles north-west of Paisley, Renfrewshire.

GRYFE CASTLE, seat on Gryfe river,
near Bridge of Weir, Renfrewshire.

GUALIN, hill, 1514 feet high, 4 miles
north of Drymen, Stirlingshire.

GUALIN, wild mountain tract on mutual
border of Durness and Edderachyllis par-
ishes, Sutherland.

GUARD-BRIDGE, place on the Eden, 3J
miles west-north-west of St. Andrews,
Fife. It has a post office under Cupar,
and a railway station.

GUAY, railway station, 5| miles north-
north- west of Dunk eld, Perthshire.

GUILDIE and GUILDIEMORE, two
hamlets in Monikie parish, Forfarshire.

GUILDTOWN, village in St. Martin's
parish, Perthshire. It has a post office
under Perth, and a public school.

GUIRM, lake, with islet and remains of an-
cient fortalice, in Islay Island, Argyleshire.

GUIRSHADIR, suburb of Stornoway,
Outer Hebrides.

GUISACHAN, head-stream of the Dee,
Aberdeenshire.

GUISACHAN, stream, running to the
sea at Inverguisachan, in Ardchattan par-
ish, Argyleshire.

GUISACHAN, seat in Kiltarlity parish,
Inverness-shire.

GULANE, village, 1| mile east of head-
land of its own name, and 1\ miles north-
east-by-north of Aberlady, Haddington-
shire. It has a post office under Drem, a
ruined ancient church, and a public school;
and it adjoins extensive sandy downs,
famous as a coursing-ground. Pop. 219.

GULBERWICK, ancient parish, now part
of Lerwick, Shetland.

GULBIN, affluent of upper part of the
Spean, Inverness-shire.

GUMSCLEUGH, mountain on mutual
border of Traquair and Yarrow parishes,
Peeblesshire and Selkirkshire.

GUNISTER, bay and islet in Northmaven
parish, Shetland.

GUNNA, small island between Tyree
and Coll, Argyleshire.

GUNNIE, coal-field in Old Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire.

GUNSGREEN, headland, seat, and distil-
lery adjacent to Eyemouth, Berwickshire.

GUTHRIE, hamlet and parish in Forfar-
shire. The hamlet lies 7 miles east-north-
east of Forfar, and has a post office desig-
nated of Forfarshire, a railway station, a

GUY

223

HAD

parochial church with 306 sittings, and a
public school with about 57 scholars. The
parish consists of two sections, Guthrie-
proper and Kirkbuddo, the latter about p
miles south-south-east of Forfar ; and it
comprises 3823 acres. Real property in
1880-81,£6982. Pop. 439. Guthrie-proper
consists chiefly of a ridge somewhat resem-
bling that of the Old Town of Edinburgh ;
and Kirkbuddo is mostly level. The seats
are Guthrie Castle and Kirkbuddo House ;
and the chief antiquity is a large well-
preserved Roman camp situated in Kirk-
buddo. A public school is at Holemill.

GUYND, seat and dell in Carmylie par-
ish, Forfarshire.

GUY'S WELL, mineral spring in Carluke
parish, Lanarkshire.

GYLEN, strong, lofty, roofless ancient
castle on promontory of Kerrera Island,
Argyleshire.

GYNAG, lake and rivulet in Kingussie
parish, Inverness-shire.

GYRAN, hill in Sandwick parish,
Orkney.

HA', burn and mound, the latter an
ancient seat of justice, in Deskford parish,
Banffshire.

HA', large artificial mound in Alvah
parish, Banffshire.

HA', large wooded ancient mound in
Carluke parish, Lanarkshire.

HAAFGRUNIE, pastoral island near
south end of Unst, Shetland. -

BABBLE'S HOW, scene of Allan Ram-
say's Gentle Shepherd, 3| miles south-west
of Penicuick, Edinburghshire.

HABCHESTER, hill, with distinct ves-
tiges of interesting Scandinavian camp, 2
miles south-east of Ayton, Berwickshire.

HABOST, village inBarvas parish, Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 328.

HABRAHELIA, great cavern, resembling
an amphitheatre, at north end of Papa-
Westray Island, Orkney.

HACKNESS, headland on south-east of
Shapinshay Island, Orkney.

HACKWOOD, burn in Lamington par-
ish, Lanarkshire.

HADDEN. See Haddon.

HADDINGTON, town and parish in
Haddingtonshire. The town stands on
the river Tyne, at terminus of branch
railway, 18£ miles east of Edinburgh. It
possessed some importance in the time of
David I. ; it figured in the history of
several Scoto-Saxon kings ; it was burnt
in 1216 and 1356 by respectively King
John and Edward III. of England ; it was
strongly garrisoned by the English during
eighteen months after the battle of Pinkie ;
it has given the title of earl since 1619 to
a branch of the family of Hamilton ; it
ranks now as an important market town,
the political capital of Haddingtonshire,
and a burgh uniting with Dunbar, North
Berwick, Jedburgh, and Lauder in send-

ing a member to Parliament ; it publishes
a weekly newspaper; it presents a neat,
pleasant, well-edificed appearance ; and it
has a head post office with all departments,
a railway station, 4 banking offices, 2 hotels,
county buildings of 1833, town buildings
with steeple of 1831, a corn exchange of
1854, a handsome lofty monument of 1843 to
Robert Ferguson of Raith, a monument to
the eighth Marquis of Tweeddale, who died
in 1876, waterworks begun in 1875, an
elegant Knox educational institute, built
at a cost of about £9000, and opened in
1880, a large ancient cruciform church,
partly dilapidated and partly used as the
parochial church, a Free church, 2 United
Presbyterian churches, Episcopalian and
Roman Catholic churches, and 2 primary
schools. Real property in 1880-81,
£15,945. Pop. 4043. — The parish measures
about 8 miles by 7, and comprises 12,113
acres. Real property of landward part in
1880-81, £24,464. Pop. of the whole,
5660. The surface is bisected by the
Tyne ; includes in the north the greater
part of Garleton Hills ; and is elsewhere
a rich ornate expanse of level and undu-
lating lands. The seats are Amisfield,
Stevenson, Lennoxlove, Monkrigg, Coals-
ton, Clerkington, Letham, Alderston, and
Huntington ; and the chief antiquities,
besides the church in the town, are vestiges
or sites of a nunnery and several chapels.

HADDINGTONSHIRE, or EAST LO-
THIAN, county south-eastward from south
side of lowmost reach of Firfch of Forth.
Its coast-line is 15% miles along the firth
and 16 ^ along the German Ocean ; its
interior length and breadth are respectively
26 and 17 miles ; and its area is 280 square
miles. The south-eastern border, to the
mean breadth of about 5 miles, is part of
the Lammermoor Hills ; the surface thence
to the firth, as seen from the Lammermoors,
looks to be a gentle slope, but is diversi-
fied by Garleton Hills, Traprain Law, and
North Berwick Law; and the main pro-
portion is chiefly fertile embellished
champaign. The Tyne traverses all the
champaign, and is the only river of any
note. Coal, ironstone, and limestone
abound, and are largely worked. Agricul-
ture employs the vast majority of the
working population, and is in highly
advanced condition. The towns with each
more than 3000 inhabitants are Hadding-
ton, Dunbar, and Tranent ; with each more
than 1000 are Prestonpans, North Berwick,
Cockenzie, and East Linton ; and the vil-
lages with each more than 300 are West
Barns, Gifford, Elphinstone, Penston,
Ormiston, Dirleton, Macmerry, and Gar-
vald. Real property in 1880-81, £314,800.
Pop. in 1871, 37,771 ; in 1881, 38,472.

HADDO, seat of the Earl of Aberdeen,
6£ miles west-north-west of Ellon, Aber-
deenshire. It is a splendid modem Pal-
ladian edifice, and has very extensive,
beautiful grounds.

HADDON and HADDONRIG, hamlet

HAF

224

HAL

and hill, scenes of old Border conflict, in
Sprouston parish, Roxburghshire.

HAFTON, seat near Hunter's Quay , on
Holy Loch, Argyleshire.

HA6ENH0PE, burn, entering Lyne river
2 miles above Lyne church, Peeblesshire.

HAG6S, village, conjoint with Holland-
bush, 5 miles east-north-east of Kilsyth,
Stirlingshire. It has a quoad sacra paro-
chial church. Pop. of village, 316; of
quoad sacra parish, 1500.

HAGGS, picturesque ruined ancient
baronial fortalice in south-western out-
skirts of Glasgow.

HAGGS, moor in Morham parish, Had-
dingtonshire.

HAILES, estate, with extensive sand-
stone quarry, and with village called
Hailes- Quarry, in Colinton parish, Edin-
burghshire.

HAILES CASTLE, ruined temporary
residence of Queen Mary, on the Tyne,
in Prestonkirk parish, Haddingtonshire.

HAILES (NEW), seat on west side of
Inveresk parish, Edinburghshire.
HAILES-QUARRY. See Hailes.
HAILSTON, burn in Kilsyth parish,
Stirlingshire.

HAINING, seat, with pleasant grounds,
adjacent to Selkirk.

HAINING, estate in Muiravonside parish,
Stirlingshire.

HAINUCK, famous spring, a great resort
of invalids, in Avoch parish, Ross-shire.

HAIRLAW, ancient battlefield and large
modern reservoir in Neilston parish,
Renfrewshire.

HAIRMYRES, railway station on north-
west border of East Kilbride parish,
Lanarkshire.

HALBEATH, village, 2J miles east-north-
east of Dunfermline, Fife. It adjoins
extensive coal-mines, and has a post office
under Dunfermline, a railway station, and
a large public school erected in 1876 at a
cost of £3500. Pop. 918.

HALBURY, quondam castle on sea-cliff,
at Easter Clythe, Caithness.

HALCROW, headland in south-east of
South Ronaldshay, Orkney.

HALDANE'S MILL, village in Bonhill
parish, Dumbartonshire. Pop. 344.

HALF-DAVOCH, place in Edenkiilie par-
ish, Elginshire.

HALF- MORTON, parish, with church
6^ miles south-west of Langholm, Dum-
friesshire. It contains Chapelknowe post
office ; measures about 5 miles by 3^ ; and
comprises 6084 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £4429. Pop. 497. The north
border includes some low hills, and the
rest of the surface is mostly low, flat, and
fertile. The chief residence is SolwayBank,
and the antiquities are vestiges of three
towers. The churches are Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian ; and there
is a public school with accommodation for
120 scholars.

HALGREEN, place, with vestige of ancient
priory, in Canonbie parish, Dumfriesshire.

HALGREEN, strong old castle, on emi-
nence near the sea, in Bervie parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

HALIN, quoad sacra parish, comprising
Vaternish peninsula, Isle of Skye. It has
a public school with about 112 scholars.
Pop. 1006.

HALKERTON, estate in Laurencekirk
parish, Kincardineshire.

HALKIRK, village and parish in Caith-
ness. The village stands on Thurso river,
7 miles south-by-east of Thurso town, and
has a post office, with money order depart-
ment, designated of Caithness, a railway
station, Established and Free churches, and
2 public schools with about 183 scholars.
Pop. 372. — The parish is 24 miles long and
from 3 to 12 miles broad. Real property
in 1880-81, £17,441. Pop. 2705. The
surface includes several hills, but is mostly
flat ; and, to the aggregate of about five-
sixths of its extent, is either moor, moss,
or water. Flagstone and limestone are
quarried, and iron and lead ores are found.
The seats are Westerdale and Brawell ;
and the chief antiquities are Dirlet, Loch-
more, Achnavarn, and Braal castles.
There is a Free church for Westerdale and
Halsary. 7 schools for 641 scholars are
in the parish, and 3 of them and enlarge-
ments for 366 are new.

HALKIRK-ROADSIDE, place about a
mile from Halkirk railway station, Caith-
ness. It has a post office under Halkirk.

HALLADALE, river, rising among high
mountains, and running 16 miles north-
ward, along a hill - screened course, to
Pentland Firth at Port-Skerry, in north-
east extremity of Sutherland. Its basin
is called Strathhalladale, and forms the
Sutherland section of Reay parish.

HALLBAR, thick-walled tower of 11th
century in Carluke parish, Lanarkshire.

HALLCRAIG, seat and bridge in Carluke
parish, Lanarkshire.

HALLCRAIG, craggy eminence in Kirk-
newton parish, Edinburghshire.

HALLEATHS, seat and lake in Loch-
maben parish, Dumfriesshire.

HALLERHIRST, limeworks in Stevenston
parish, Ayrshire.

HALLFOREST, imposing ruined castle in
Kintore parish, Aberdeenshire. It was
first a royal hunting-seat, and next a pos-
session of the Earls Marischal.

HALL-GILL, fine ravine in Cambusnethan
parish, Lanarkshire.

HALLGREEN. See Halgeeen.

HALLGUARDS, romantic spot, site of
ancient castle on Annan river, in Hoddam
parish, Dumfriesshire.

HALLHEAD, estate in Leochel parish,
Aberdeenshire.

HALLHILL, seat in Glassford parish,,
Lanarkshire.

HALLHILL, coal-field in Lochwinnoch
parish, Renfrewshire.

HALLIDAY, hill on north-east border of
Dunscore parish, Dumfriesshire.

HALLIN. See Halin.

HAL

225

HAN

HALLMYRE, seat in Newlands parish,
Peeblesshire.

HALLRULE, seat in Hobkirk parish,
Roxburghshire.

HALLSIDE, village and seat on south-east
verge of Cambuslang parish, Lanarkshire.
Pop. 955.

HALL YARDS, ruined old mansion of
historical note in Auchtertool parish, Fife.

HALLYARDS, estate in West Calder
parish, Edinburghshire.

HALLIBURTON, seat in Kettins parish,
Forfarshire.

HALSARY, place, with mission station,
in Watten parish, Caithness.

HALTERBURN, place, with ancient
Caledonian fort, in Yetholm parish, Rox-
burghshire.

HALTON, seat near Ratho, Edinburgh-
shire.

HALTREES, hamlet, 5£ miles north-west
of Stow, Edinburghshire.

HALTSTANEDEAN. See HASSENDEAN.

HALYHILL, site of ancient capital of
Pictavia, adjacent to Forteviot village,
Perthshire.

H ALYKIRK, curious group of large ancient
stones on hill in Sandwick parish, Orkney.

HALYNESS, headland, 10 miles south of
Lerwick, Shetland.

HAM, harbour in Dunnet parish, Caith-
ness. A mound with Pictish house is
near it.

HAMER, ancient parish, now part of
Whitekirk, Haddingtonshire.

HAMILTON, town, ducal seat, and
parish in middle ward of Lanarkshire.
The town stands on Cadzow burn, near
conflux of the Avon and the Clyde, 9f
miles south-east of Glasgow ; dates from
at least the early part of 15th century, but
succeeded a much older town on ground
now within the ducal park ; has given the
titles of baron, marquis, and duke since
respectively 1445, 1633, and 1643 to the
family of Douglas-Hamilton ; figured con-
spicuously in the affairs of the Covenanters
at the times of the skirmish of Drumclog
and the battle of Bothwell Bridge ; ranks
now as a place of much trade, a fashion-
able resort, a seat of sheriff courts, and a
parliamentary burgh ; publishes a weekly
newspaper ; unites with Lanark, Airdrie,
Linlithgow, and Falkirk in sending a
member to Parliament ; is widely engirt
with charming environs, rich in both
natural beauties and artificial embellish-
ments ; consists partly of plain old streets,
partly of neat modern streets, and partly
of a long main handsome street of 1835 ;
and has a head post office with all depart-
ments, 2 railway stations, 6 banking offices,
4 hotels, county buildings of 1834, a large
handsome parochial church of 1732, a
quoad sacra parochial church of 1877, 2
chapels-of-ease, 2 Free churches, 4 United
Presbyterian churches, Congregational,
Evangelical Union, Episcopalian, and
Roman Catholic churches, an academy
transmuted in 1876 into a secondary

public school, 2 primary public schools, a
mechanics' institution, and a combination
poorhouse. Real property in 1880-81,
£71,512. Pop. 13,955.— The ducal seat,
Hamilton Palace, stands on low ground
between the town and the Clyde ; includes
a tower of 1591, a great enlargement of
1705, and a splendid extension of 1822-42 ;
presents to the north a frontage of 265
feet, with lofty double-columned Corin-
thian portico ; and has exquisite extensive
grounds, containing a gorgeous mausoleum,
Cadzow Castle, and Chatelherault Chateau.
— The parish contains also the villages of
Allanton, Darngaber, Ferniegair, and Low-
waters, and part of the towns of Mother-
well and Larkhall. It length is 5^ miles ;
its greatest breadth 4f miles ; its area
14,243 acres. Real property of landward
part in 1880-81, £81,822. Pop., quoad
civilia,26, 231; quoad sacra, 18, 645. The sur-
face is partly valley along the Clyde, partly
deep dell along the Avon, partly ravines
along burns, partly an undulating ascent
toward heights of about 600 feet in alti-
tude, and aggregately rich and beautiful.
Coal, iron-ore, and limestone are found,
and the coal is extensively worked. Chief
seats, besides the ducal palace, are Earnock,
Ross, Fairhill, Grovemount, Neilsland,
Fairholm, and Edlewood ; and chief anti-
quities are Cadzow Castle, ruins of Darn-
gaber Castle, gardens at Barncluith, a
moat-hill to the north of the palace, and
a tumulus at Meikle-Earnock. 15 schools
for 3511 scholars are in the parish, and 7
of them for 1800 are new.

HAMILTON-FARME, estate, with col-
liery and site of ancient tumulus, in
Rutherglen parish, Lanarkshire.

HAMMER, bold high headland in south
of Bressay Island, Shetland.

HAMMERS, voe or bay on west side of
Northmaven parish, Shetland.

HAMMERSNESS, headland in north-
west of Fetlar Island, Shetland.

HAMNA, voe or bay on north side of
Northmaven parish, Shetland.

HAMNA, voe or bay in south end of
Yell Island, Shetland.

HAMNAWAY, bay off north side of Loch
Resort, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

HANDA, island, 2\ miles north-west of
Scourie, Sutherland. It is proximately
circular, about 1^ mile in diameter ; it
consists of deeply -inclined sandstone
strata, with rapid slope toward the main-
land ; it presents to the sea fissured
cliffs from 500 to 700 feet high; it
swarms all round with sea-fowl ; and it
commands from its summit an impressive
view of a long reach of lofty seaboard.

HANDERICK, promontory at north side
of Little Lochbroom, Ross-shire.

HANG -CLIFF, precipitous headland,
nearly 500 feet high, on east of Noss
Island, Shetland.

HANGINGSHAW, village in Cathcart
parish, Renfrewshire. Pop. 272.

HANGINGSHAW, ruined notable seat
P

HAN

226

HAR

on Yarrow river, in vicinity of Yarrow-
ford, Selkirkshire ; and mountain, cul-
minating 2 miles north-north-west of
Yarrowford.

HANGINGSHAW, place near Heriot
railway station, Edinburghshire.

HANLEY, seat in west of Corstorphine
parish, Edinburghshire.

HAPLAND, burn in Durrisdeer parish,
Dumfriesshire.

HAPPYLAND, place, with public school,
in Walls parish, Shetland.

HARBURN, railway station and seat,
15 miles south-west of Edinburgh.

HARDACRES, hill, with traces of ancient
entrenchments, in Eccles parish, Berwick-
shire.

HARDEN, a seat of Lord Polwarth, 4
miles south-west of Hawick, Roxburgh-
shire. It has interesting historical
associations, and some relics of feudal
art.

HARDGATE, manufacturing village
suburban to Duntocher, Dumbarton-
shire. Pop. 500.

HARDGATE, village in Urr parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a public
school with about 102 scholars.

HARDGATE, Aberdeenshire. See Clatt.

HARDHILL, coal-field in Bathgate
parish, Linlithgowshire.

HARDINGTON, seat in Wiston parish,
Lanarkshire.

HARDMOOR, small eminence, formerly
covered with heath, but now covered
with wood, on north-west verge of
Elginshire. It is Shakespeare's scene
of Macbeth's meeting with the weird
sisters.

HARELAW, moor, with chalybeate
spring and vestige of Roman camp, in
Westruther parish, Berwickshire.

HARELAW, place, with public school,
lime works, and site of ancient Border
tower, in Canonbie parish, Dumfries-
shire.

HARELAW, moor, with site of immense
cairn, in Currie parish, Edinburgh-
shire.

HARELAW, place, with remains of
very large cairn, in East Kilbride parish,
Lanarkshire.

HARES, deep ravine in Arbuthnot
parish, Kincardineshire.

HARESTANES, lake and limestone
quarry in Carluke parish, Lanarkshire.

HARESTANES, burn in Tweedsmuir
parish, Peeblesshire.

HAREWOOD, seat on the Yarrow, 3|
miles west-north-west of Selkirk.

HARKERS, ridge of sea-rocks in front
of Eyemouth harbour, Berwickshire.

HARLAMUIR, coal-field in Linton
parish, Peeblesshire.

HARLAND, seat in Wick parish, Caith-

HARLAW, battlefield of 1411 in Chapel-
of-Garioch parish, Aberdeenshire.

HARLOSH, place in south-west of Isle
of Skye. It has a post office under Portree.

HAROLD'S TOWER, striking modern
monument, 2 miles east of Thurso, Caith-
ness. It stands on the grave of Earl
Harold, who was slain in battle in 1190.

HAROLDSWICK, hamlet and bay on
east side of Unst, Shetland. The hamlet
has a post office under Lerwick.

HARPERFIELD, seat adjacent to con-
flux of the Douglas and the Clyde, 3
miles south-south-west of Lanark.

HARPORT, sea-loch, 6 miles long, de-
flecting south-eastward from Loch Braca-
dale, Isle of Skye.

HARPSDALE, hamlet in Halkirk parish,
Caithness. It has a public school with
about 62 scholars.

HARRAY, parish annexed to Birsay, in
Orkney. See Birsay.

HARRIS, parish comprehending southern
part of Lewis, inhabited islands of Ber-
nera, Ensay, Flodda, Killigray, Pabba,
St. Kilda, Scalpa, Scarp, Scotsway, and
Tarransay, and numerous uninhabited
islets, Outer Hebrides. It has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Stornoway. The length of
its main or Lewis part is 23^ miles ; the
greatest breadth 15 miles. Real property
of the whole in 1880-81, £5979. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 4814 ; quoad sacra, 4330. The
main part connects with Lewis-proper by
an isthmus of 7 miles ; is nearly bisected
in its middle by East and West Lochs
Tarbert ; has coasts variously sandy, pre-
cipitously rocky, and much indented with
bays and creeks ; contains very little arable
land ; is chiefly moorish, hilly, and moun-
tainous, with summits on central line of
from 1000 to 2662 feet high ; and abounds
in deer, grouse, sea-fowl, and many kinds
of fish. Scandinavian forts made some
figure, but were all removed for erection
of other buildings. An Augustinian monas-
tery, on site of Culdee cell, stood at Rowa-
dill, and had a number of subordinate
chapels, but is now represented by only
some remains of its church. The present
places of worship are 2 Established and 2
Free. There are 11 schools for 909 scholars,
and 10 of them for 825 are new.

HARRIS, sound between Lewis and
North Uist, Outer Hebrides. It measures
9 miles in length, and from 8 to 12 in
breadth ; forms the only navigable channel
for large vessels through Long Island ;
contains numerous islands ; and is much
encumbered with islets, rocks, and shoals.

HARROW, small lake in Kells parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

HARTFELL, mountain, 2651 feet high,
culminating at 5£ miles north-north-east of
Moffat, Dumfriesshire. See MOFFAT.

HARTFELL, hill, 1085 feet high, 7 miles
north-east of Lockerby, Dumfriesshire.

HARTFIELD, seat, 11 miles east-south-
east of Thurso, Caithness.

HARTFIELD, estate in Neilston parish,
Renfrewshire.

HARTHILL, town and quoad sacra par-
ish on north-east verge of Lanarkshire.

HAR

227

HAW

The town stands 4 miles north of Shotts
railway station, and has a post office under
Bathgate, and a public school with about
190 scholars. Pop. 1441. The parish is
called Harthill and Benhar. Pop. 3444.

HARTHILL, ruined castle in Oyne par-
ish, Aberdeenshire.

HARTHOPE, section of Moffat parish
within Lanarkshire.

HARTIE, wild pass through Cuchullin
Mountains, Isle of Skye.

HAR TREE, seat in Culter parish,
Lanarkshire.

HARTRIGGE, a seat of Lord Stratheden
in Jedburgh parish, Koxburghshire.

HARTS GARTH, mountain, 1806 feet
high, 8 miles north-east of Langholm,
Dumfriesshire.

HARTSHAW, site of old hunting-seat in
Clackmannan parish, Clackmannanshire.

HARTSIDE. burn and district in Wan-
dell parish, Lanarkshire.

HART'S LEAP, hill-pass, 2J miles south-
east of St. Mary's Loch, Selkirkshire.

HARTWOOD, seat in West Calder par-
ish, Edinburghshire.

HARVIESTON, seat in Borthwick par-
ish, Edinburghshire.

HARVIESTON, seat in Tillicoultry
parish, Clackmannanshire.

HASCUSSAY, island, 2 miles long, be-
tween Yell and Fetlar, Shetland.

HASKEVAL, mountain, 2667 feet high,
in Rum Island, Inner Hebrides.

HASSENDEAN, railway station, beautiful
dell, and ancient parish, 4£ miles north-
east of Hawick, Roxburghshire. The par-
ish, known also as Hazendean and Halt-
stanedean, had a Norman church, a
monastic cell, and a peel tower, all now
extinct ; figures conspicuously in both his-
tory and song ; and was annexed mainly
to Minto and partly to Wilton and
Boberton.

HATHERSTANE, mountain, on mutual
border of Lamington and Culter parishes,
Lanarkshire.

HATTON, hamlet in Cruden parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Ellon, and a public school with about 151
scholars.

HATTON, seat in Turriff parish, Aber-
deenshire.

HATTON, hill and ruined castle in New-
tyle parish, Forfarshire.

HATTON, seat in Marykirk parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

HATTON, seat in Ratho parish, Edin-
burghshire.

HATTONDEN, place, with spinning-mills,
in Kinnell parish, Forfarshire.

HATTON (WESTER), hamlet, with public
school, in Belhelvie parish, Aberdeenshire.

HAUGH, village in Mauchline parish,
Ayrshire.

HAUGH, place, with factories, in Mark-
inch parish, Fife.

HAUGH, rich mineral tract in Abbey-
Paisley parish, Renfrewshire.

HAUGH-HEAD, village in Campsie par-

ish, Stirlingshire. It has a post office
under Glasgow.

HAUGH-HEAD, seat in Eckford parish,
Roxburghshire.

HAUGH OF URR, village, 4 miles north-
east of Castle-Douglas, Kirkcudbright-
shire. It has a post office under Dalbeattie.
Pop. 207.

HAUGHS, small bay in Benholm parish,
Kincardineshire.
HAUGHSHAW, hills in Douglas parish,

HAUGHS OF CROMDALE, battlefield of
1690 on the Spey, 3^ miles north-east of
Grantown, Elginshire.

HAUGHTON, seat in Alford parish,
Aberdeenshire.

HAUSTER, stream, running 8 miles
north-eastward to Wick rivulet at 1J
mile west of Wick town, Caithness.

HA VERA. See Hevera.

HAVERSAY, pastoral islet in Bracadale
parish, Isle of Skye.

HAWICK, town and parish in south-west
of Roxburghshire. The town stands on
the Teviot, 50 miles by road, but 53 by
railway, south-east-by-south of Edinburgh ;
occupies a fine piece of valley, closely
environed by pleasant hills ; appears first
on record in 1214, but may have been of
much earlier date ; figured often and
strongly in the events of Border warfare
and foray; was several times burnt by
English armies ; contained, for a long
time, such a number of strongly con-
structed houses as to possess much mili-
tary strength ; passed, after the national
union, into a decayed and mean condition ;
rose, from about 1791 to a recent period,
into great prosperity and size as a seat of
woollen manufacture ; ranks now as a
burgh, uniting with Galashiels and Sel-
kirk in sending a member to Parliament ;
includes within its burgh boundaries
Hawick-proper on the right bank of the
Teviot, and Wilton suburb on the left
bank ; publishes 2 weekly newspapers ;
and has a head post office with all depart-
ments, a railway station, 5 banking offices,
4 hotels, a modernized strong ancient fort-
alice forming part of one of the hotels,
a large circular earthen mound serving
anciently as a seat of justice, a renovated
town hall, 14 or more large factories, a
number of handsome private and semi-
public buildings, extensive well-contrived
drainage works commenced in 1876, a new
large water supply at a cost of about
£16,000 in 1880, a spacious ornate modern
parochial church, 2 other Established
churches, 1 of them erected in 1880, a
steepled Free church of 1869, 2 other
Free churches, 3 United Presbyterian
churches, Evangelical Union, Baptist,
Episcopalian, and Roman Catholic
churches, 6 public schools, and a number
of local institutions. Real property of
the burgh in 1880-81, £54,307. Pop.,
of Hawick-proper, 11,336 ; of the entire
burgh, 16,1S1. — The parish is about 6

HAW

228

HEB

miles long, and from 2 to 3 miles broad,
and comprises 6112 acres. Real property
of landward part in 1880-81, £4904. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 11,758 ; quoad sacra, 6218.
A rich belt of valley extends along the
Teviot ; the deep narrow vale of Slitrig
rivulet descends to that at the town ; and
the rest of the surface is hilly, and has sum-
mits upwards of 800 feet high. Chief
objects are Branxholm House and Goldie-
lands Tower. There are 12 schools for
2606 scholars, and 2 of the schools and 3
enlargements for 1427 are new.

HAWICK -ST. MARY, quoad sacra
parish with church in Hawick. Pop.
5540.

HAWKCRAIG, cliff adjacent to Aber-
dour village, Fife.

HAWKHEAD, a seat of the Earl of
Glasgow, 2 miles south-east of Paisley,
Renfrewshire.

HAWKHEAD, Ayrshire. See Aye.

HAWKHILL, place in Lunan parish,
Forfarshire.

HAWKLAW, eminence, with large cairn,
in Bourtie parish, Aberdeenshire.

HAWKLEYMOOR, upper part of Sinclair-
town, Fife.

HAWKSHAW, place, with vestige of
ancient castle, in Tweedsmuir parish,
PcclolGssliirG

HAWKSTONE, hamlet in St. Madoes
parish, Perthshire.

HAWTHORNDEN, railway station and
seat of Sir J. H. Williams-Drummond,
Bart., 3£ miles south-west of Eskbank,
Edinburghshire. The seat stands on a
cliff overhanging the North Esk ; was the
residence of the poet Drummond, who
lived from 1585 till 1649 ; and has richly
picturesque grounds, including remains of
very ancient baronial fortalice, two tiers of
remarkable caves, and a striking reach of
the North Esk's ravine.

HAWTREE, place, with remains of
Roman camp, in Stow parish, Edinburgh -
shire.

HAXALGATE, ancient road up Eildon
Hills, Roxburghshire.

HAYFIELD, seat near Rutherglen, Lan-
arkshire.

HAYLAND, lake in Dunnet parish,
Caithness.

HAYMARKET, western suburb of Edin-
burgh. It has a railway station, origin-
ally the terminus of the Edinburgh and
Glasgow Railway, and a United Presby-
terian church.

HAYOCKS, seat in Stevenston parish,
Ayrshire.

HAYSTON, hill, with ancient small
circular moat, in Glammis parish, For-
farshire.

HAYSTONE, a seat of Sir Robert Play,
Bart., If mile south - south - east of
Peebles.

HAYWOOD, town in Carnwath parish,
Lanarkshire. It has a post office under
Lanark, and a chapel-of-ease erected in
1878. Pop. 1121.

HAZELBANK, village in Lesmahagow
parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 319.

HAZELBRAE, seat at Loch Meikle, in
Glenurquhart, Inverness-shire.

HAZELDEAN. See Hassendean.

HAZELHEAD, seat in Newhills parish,
Aberdeenshire.

HAZELHEAD, seat in Beith parish,
Ayrshire.

HEACLE, or HECLA, mountain, 1992
feet high, in South Uist Island, Outer
Hebrides.

HEADLESSCROSS, place, with rich iron-
ore, in Cambusnethan parish, Lanark-
shire.

HEADS, seat and hamlet in Glassford
parish, Lanarkshire.

HEADS OF AYR. See Ayr.

HEADSHAW, small lake in Ashkirk par-
ish, Roxburghshire.

HEARTHILL. See Hamthill, Lanark-
shire.

HEATHCOTE, seat in Maryculter parish,
Kincardineshire.

HEATH COTTAGE, place, near Longmorn
railway station, Elginshire. It has a post
office under Elgin.

HEATHERHOPE, small vale in Hounam
parish, Roxburghshire.

HEATHER WICK, seat in Dunbar parish,
Haddingtonshire.

HEATHERY-ROW, village adjacent to
Gasstown, in Dumfries parish, Dumfries-
shire.

HEATHFIELD, seat of fire-clay manufac-
ture, adjacent to Garnkirk, Lanarkshire.

HEBRIDES, anciently the Western
Islands of Scotland, the peninsula of Kin-
tyre, the islands in Firth of Clyde, the
Isle of Man and adjacent islands in centre
of Irish Sea, and Rachlin or Rachery
Island off north coast of Ireland ; but in
modern times only the Western Islands of
Scotland. These lie off the mainland
from a line about middle of Kintyre to a
line near north of Sutherland, and are,
with trivial exceptions, disposed in three
groups called Inner Hebrides, Outer
Hebrides, and St. Kilda. The Inner
Hebrides are partly interlocked with pro-
jections of the mainland ; extend from a
line about middle of Kintyre, to a line
about middle of Ross-shire ; and compre-
hend the main groups of Islay, Mull,
Tyree, and Skye, together with neigh-
bouring and intermediate islands. The
Outer Hebrides lie from 15 to 31 miles west
of nearest parts of the Inner ; extend about
150 miles north-north -eastward from about
the line of Ardnamurchan Point to aline near
north of Sutherland ; comprehend Barra,
South Uist, Benbecula, North Uist, Har-
ris, and Lewis, together with a multitude
of smaller islands ; are so comparatively
compact from end to end as to be often
designated by the one name of Long
Island, and as to afford passage for large
vessels through only one strait, the Sound
of Harris ; and, in a general view, increase
m size and importance from south to

HEO

229

HER

north. St. Kilda group lies about 50 miles
west of a westerly island in centre of
Outer Hebrides, and is so very small as to
challenge notice mainly on account of its
special position, structure, and natural
history. The entire Hebrides are com-
puted to have an area of somewhat more
than 3184 square miles. They come
charmingly into the view of history in con-
nection with the Culdees of Iona ; they
began about the close of 8th century to be
assailed and overrun by the Scandinavian
pirates and vikings ; they passed by con-
quest in 990 to the Earl of Orkney ; they
became about 1158 the dominion of the
Lords of the Isles ; they were often and
much affected by contests between these
lords and the kings of Scotland ; and
about 1545 they passed completely under
the Scottish sceptre.

HECK, village in Lochmaben parish,
Dumfriesshire.

HECLA. See Heacle.

HECLABOR, curious rock on west coast
of Cross parish, Sanday Island, Orkney.

HEDDERWICK, seat near Dubton Junc-
tion railway station, Forfarshire.

HEISKER, island, 1\ miles west of middle
coast of North "Uist, Outer Hebrides.
Pop. 111.

HEITON, village, 2| miles south-by- west
of Kelso, Roxburghshire. It has a post
office under Kelso.

HELDAZAY. See HiLDESAT.

HELENSBURGH, town on north coast
of Firth of Clyde, opposite Greenock, and
8 miles west-north-west of Dumbarton.
It was founded in 1777 ; it enjoyed from
the first remarkable advantages of plan
and position; it took a first rank among
watering-places at the era of steam navi-
gation ; and it has steadily advanced in
attractiveness and size. It adjoins the
mouth of Gareloch ; stands partly on a
belt of low ground along the beach, partly
on gentle ascending skirt of broad-based,
hill-range ; commands from all its area
very fine views ; consists chiefly of a ter-
race fronting the beach, and spacious
straight thoroughfares crossing one another
at right angles; and abounds in villas,
ornate cottages, garden plots, and shrub-
beries. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Glasgow, a terminal railway station, 3
banking offices, 2 hotels, a steamboat pier
sold to the North British Company in 1876
for £10,000, municipal buildings of 1879,
an obeliskal monument to Henry Bell, 2
Established churches of 1847 and 1880, 2
steepled Free churches of 1852 and 1860,
a steepled United Presbyterian church of
1855, a Congregational church projected
in 1881 in lieu of a previous one, an Epis-
copal church of 1869, a Roman Catholic
church of 1880, 2 large public schools, a
public library, and a fine bowling-green ;
it publishes 2 weekly newspapers ; and it
was designed in 1880 to acquire an exten-
sive esplanade, public baths, aquarium,

band-stand, and fountain. Its population
at the census of 1881 was 7690 ; but that
in the summer months was probably three
times greater.

HELLISAY, island, 1\ miles north-east
of Barra, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 9.

HELLMOOR, lake, 9| miles south-west
of Selkirk.

HELL'S CLEUGH, or PYKED STANE,
lofty mountain, with small cairn and
extensive view, 9 miles west of Peebles.

HELL'S GLEN, deep, rugged, gloomy
glen, 4 miles long, traversed by road from
Lochgoilhead to Inverary, Argyleshire.

HELL'S LUM, curious large cavern on
Gamrie coast, Banffshire.

HELL'S SKERRIES, cluster of islets,
about 10 miles west of Rum, Inner
Hebrides.

HELMSDALE, river and town on east
side of Sutherland. The river draws
head-streams from a number of mountain
lakes ; traverses a glen overhung by high
bleak uplands ; runs 26 miles south-
eastward to the sea at the town; and
is followed more than half-way by the
Caithness and Sutherland Railway. — The
town stands on the coast, 17 miles east
of Golspie ; comprises Helmsdale-proper,
East Helmsdale, "West Helmsdale, and
Marrel; is the headquarters of a fishery
district ; and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Sutherlandshire, a railway station,
a good inn, a harbour, Established and
Free churches, and 2 public schools with
about 289 scholars. Pop. 711. Helms-
dale Castle, adjacent to the town, was
erected in 1488 by a Countess of Suther-
land ; was the death-place by poison of
the eleventh Earl of Sutherland and his
countess ; and is now a picturesque ruin.

HELSHETTER, place, with medicinal
spring, in Reay parish, Caithness.

HELVELS, or MACLEOD'S TABLES. See
Benhalival.

HEMPRIGGS, seat and lake in Wick
parish, Caithness.

HENDERLAND, ruined fortalice on
Megget rivulet, south border of Peebles-
shire, § mile from St. Mary's Loch. It
belonged to the riever Percy Cockburn,
and wras the scene of the tragedy narrated
in the well-known ' Lament of the Border
Widow.'

HENDERSYDE, seat in Ednam parish,
Roxburghshire.

HENMUIR, coal-field in Gladsmuir
parish, Haddingtonshire.

HENRIETTATOWN, part of Avoch town,
Ross-shire.

HENWOOD, strong natural fastness in
Oxnam parish, Roxburghshire. It was a
great retreat in the Border forays, and
gave rise to the famous war-cry, 'A
Henwoody. '

HEOGALAND, islet adjacent to Unst,
Shetland.

HERBERTSHIRE, suburb of Denny, and
ancient castle in that suburb's vicinity, Stir-

HER

230

HIG

lingshire. North Herbertshire and South
Herbertshire are divisions of Denny parish.

HERD, headland, 7 miles south-by-west
of Cape Wrath, Sutherland.

HERDMANSTON, estate, with remains
of ancient castle, in Salton parish, Had-
dingtonshire.

HERDSMAN, basaltic islet adjacent to
Staffa, Argyleshire.

HERIOT, rivulet and parish in south-
east of Edinburghshire. The rivulet rises
among the highest of the Moorfoot Hills,
and runs 7 \ miles eastward to the Gala. —
The parish consists of that rivulet's basin,
and small portion of uppermost part of
the Gala's basin ; measures 1\ miles in
length, 4£ miles in greatest breadth, and
15,013 acx-es in area; and has a railway
station and a post office, 19j miles south-
south-east of Edinburgh. Its post office
is designated of Midlothian. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £7409. Pop. 429. Some
low flat lands are adjacent to the streams,
but pastoral hills and mountains fill most
of the area. Chief objects are a fine Cale-
donian stone circle, and traces of several
ancient camps. The public school has
accommodation for 111 scholars.

HERIOTFIELD, village in Monzie parish,
Perthshire. Ithasapost office under Perth.

HERMAND, seat in "West Calder parish,
Edinburghshire.

HERMANESS, headland in extreme
north of Unst, Shetland.

HERMATRA, islet, If mile north-east of
North Uist, Outer Hebrides.

HERMISTON, village, If mile north of
Currie, Edinburghshire. It has a post
office under Currie.

HERMITAGE, rivulet, castle, and public
school in Castleton parish, Roxburghshire.
The rivulet rises near the watershed with
Dumfriesshire ; runs about 10 miles, mainly
eastward to the Castle, then mainly south-
ward to the Liddel ; and has its course
chiefly among wild pastoral mountains,
but afterwards along a pleasant vale. — The
Castle stands adjacent to it, 3 miles north-
west-by-west of Steele Road railway sta-
tion ; was erected in 13th century ;
belonged to successively the Comyns,
the Soulises, the Douglases, the Hep-
burns, and the Buccleuch-Scotts ; figures
notably in connection with a visit to it
by Queen Mary when the Earl of Bothwell
was in it; and is the largest, most im-
posing, and best preserved of the Border
baronial fortalices. The public school has
about 48 scholars.

HERRIOT'S DYKE, ancient rampart
from north-west of Berwickshire eastward
through that county to Berwick. It
seems to have consisted of wall and ditch,
and it has left some vestiges.

HESTON, islet at mouth of Auchen-
cairn Bay, Kirkcudbrightshire.

HEUGH-HEAD, hamlet in Strathdon
parish, Aberdeenshire.

HEUGH-HEAD, quondam Border peel in
Coldingham parish, Berwickshire.

HEUGHMILL, lake in Craigie parish,
Ayrshire.

HEULIM, ferry, with inn at its east
end, on Loch Eriboll, Sutherland.

HEVERA, island in Scalloway Bay,
Shetland. Pop. 35.

HEYNISH, bay, with pier, in Tyree
Island, Argyleshire.

HIER, reputedly sacred well in St.
Boswell's parish, Roxburghshire.

HIETON. See Heiton.

HIGGINS-NOOK, seat in Airth parish,
Stirlingshire.

HIGHAUCHNANE, place, with remains
of Caledonian fort, in Tinwald parish,
Dumfriesshire.

HIGH BLANTYRE. See Blanttre.

HIGH CHANG, hill in New Cumnock
parish, Ayrshire.

HIGH CHESTERS, eminence, with ancient
camp and extensive view, in Roberton
parish, Roxburghshire.

HIGH CHURCH, parish, with Established
and Free churches, in Old Town, Edin-
burgh. Pop. 2448.

HIGH CHURCH, parish, with Established
and Free churches, in Paisley. Pop. , quoad
civilia, 17,914 ; quoad sacra, 8889.

HIGH CHURCH, INNER HIGH, or ST.
MUNGO, parish, with church in Cathe-
dral, in north of Glasgow. Pop., quoad
sacra, 8055.

HIGHFIELD, seat in Urray parish, Ross-
shire.

HIGHLANDMAN, railway station, \\ mile
south-west of Crieff, Perthshire.

HIGHLAND RAILWAY, railway system
from junction with the Caledonian at
Stanley, in Perthshire, northward into
junction with the Sutherland and Caith-
ness onward to Wick and Thurso. It
comprehends, by amalgamation, the Perth
and Dunk eld, the Perth and Inverness
junction, with branch to Aberfeldy, the
Aberdeen and Inverness junction from
Keith to Nairn, the Inverness and Nairn,
the Inverness and Ross-shire, and the
Dingwall and Skye, — the last amalgamated
with it in 1880 ; and it yielded a dividend
of 5 per cent, on ordinary stock in 1880.
The amount, in 1879-80, of its stock and
share capital, was £2,656,071; of its or-
dinary capital, £1,562,345 ; of its loans
and debenture stock, £800,480.

HIGHLANDS, in one sense, all the
mountainous country north - west and
north of the Firth of Clyde ; in another
sense, all the country of the old feudal
Celtic clans ; in a third sense, all the
country inhabited by Gaelic-speaking popu-
lation. But, in each of the senses, the
word requires to be qualified. The moun-
tainous country embraces a large aggregate
of valley and plain, and adjoins a still
larger aggregate of territory strictly akin
in surface, history, and usages to the
Southern Lowlands. The country of the
feudal clans, while mainly identical with
the restrictedly understood mountainous
country, included also much of the Western

HIG

231

HIL

Islands which had a different history, and
are not usually regarded as part of the
Highlands, but bear the separate name of
Hebrides. The country of the Gaelic-
speaking population has, in modern times,
become greatly curtailed both by native
adoption of the English language and by
extensive settlement within it of the
Scoto-Saxon race. The name Highlands
is thus exceedingly indefinite ; and yet, in
a loose large sense, aptly designates a vast
region on and beyond the Grampians,
exhibiting mixed features of wildness,
beauty, and sublimity.

HIGHLANDS (SOUTHERN). See South-
ern Highlands.

HIGHLAWS, hill in Eyemouth parish,
Berwickshire.

HIGHMOOR, medicinal spring in Kirk-
patrick-Fleming parish, Dumfriesshire.

HIGH SUNNYSIDE, section or suburb of
Coatbridge, Lanarkshire.

HIGHTAE, village and lake in Loch-
maben parish, Dumfriesshire. The village
stands 2f miles south-south-east of Loch-
maben town, and has a post office under
Lockerby, a Free church, and a public
school. Pop. 324. The lake has an area
of 52 acres.

HILDERSTON, hill-ridge, with coal mine,
in Torphichen parish, Linlithgowshire.

HILDESAY, island in Ting wall parish.
Shetland. Pop. 7.

HILL, seat in Kirkmabreck parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

HILL, seat near Kirknewton, Edinburgh-
shire.

HILLEND, village on mutual border of
Inverkeithing and Dalgetty parishes, Fife.
It has a post office under Inverkeithing,
and a public school with about 125 scholars.

HILLHEAD, western suburb of Glasgow.
It stands on right side of the Kelvin,
adjacent to the Botanic Garden on the
north and to the New College on the
south ; occupies steep ascents and a broad
plateau, within a grand fold of the river ;
consists chiefly of well-built streets and
handsome terraces, all of recent construc-
tion ; was constituted a police burgh in
1869 ; communicates by tramway with the
city ; and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Glasgow, 3 banking offices, an Established
church, 2 Free churches, 1 of them built
in 1881, and a United Presbyterian church.
Rental in 1880-81, £78,908. Pop. 6684.

HILLHEAD, place in Renfrew parish,
Renfrewshire. It has a public school with
about 207 scholars.

HILLHEAD, village and seat in Cockpen
parish, Edinburghshire.

HILLHEAD, suburb or section of Stran-
raer, "Wigtonshire.

HILLHEAD, seat, with splendid view, in
eastern vicinity of Dunkeld, Perthshire.

HILLHEAD, rich mineral tract in Car-
luke parish, Lanarkshire.

HILLHEAD, estate in Penpont parish,
Dumfriesshire.

HILLHOUSE, hill in Wandell parish,
Lanarkshire.

HILLIPOL, place in Tyree Island, Argyle-
shire. It has a quoad sacra parochial
church for a pop. of 1492, and a public
school with about 63 scholars.

HILL OF BEATH, village in Beath parish,
Fife. Pop. 352.

HILL OF BLAIR, rising-ground, crowned
by parochial church, adjacent to Blair-
gowrie, Perthshire.

HILL OF CRICHIE, eminence, with
vestige of old camp, in vicinity of Inverury,
Aberdeenshire.

HILL OF CROMARTY. See Cromarty.

HILL OF KEILLOR, village in Xewtyle
parish, Forfarshire.

HILL OF MULLOCK, battle -scene be-
tween Malcolm Canmore and the Danes,
crowned with large cairn, near Aboyne,
Aberdeenshire.

HILL OF NIGG, hill -ridge, 5 miles
long, on coast northward from mouth of
Cromarty Firth, Ross-shire. It commands
very grand views, and presents to the sea
bold fissured cavernous cliffs.

HILL OF RATTRAY, large mound, with
remains of ancient castle, in Rattray par-
ish, Perthshire.

HILLS, entire tower of ancient castle in
Lochrutton parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

HILLSIDE, village and quoad sacra
parish in Forfarshire. The village stands
2 miles north-north-west of Montrose, and
has a post office under Montrose. Pop. of
the quoad sacra parish, 1480.

HILLSIDE, place, 7 miles from Aberdeen.
It has a post office under Aberdeen.

HILLSIDE, place, with public school, in
Crosshill quoad sacra parish, Ayrshire.

HILLSIDE, seat in Aberdour parish, Fife.

HILLSIDE, seat in Saline parish, Fife.

HILLSLOP, ruined tower on Girthgate,
northwardfrom01dMelrose,Roxburghshire.

HILLSWICK, village, bay, and headland
in Northmaven parish, Shetland. The
village is a small seaport, and has a post
office under Lerwick.

HILLTOWN, north-eastern suburb of
Dundee. It contains a Free church and
a large Roman Catholic church. See also
Hilton.

HILLYLAND, village in Tibbermore
parish, Perthshire.

HILTON, ancient parish, now part of
Whitsome, Berwickshire.

HILTON, fishing village, 6| miles east-
south-east of Tain, Ross-shire. It has a
public school with about 109 scholars.

HILTON, village in Banff and Ord
school-board district, Banffshire. It has a
public school with about 158 scholars.

HILTON, village in Inverness parish,
Inverness-shire.

HILTON, seat in Cupar parish, Fife.

HILTON, estate, with large cairn, in
Fodderty parish, Ross-shire.

HILTON, seat near Aberdeen.

HILTON, place, with medicinal spring,
in Turriff parish, Aberdeenshire.

HIN

232

HOL

HINDIGARTH, headland on west coast
of Yell Island, Shetland.

HINISDALE, glen and stream in Snizort
parish, Isle of Skye.

HIRSEL, seat of the Earl of Home,
about a mile north-north-west of Cold-
stream, Berwickshire.

HIRST, hill, with extensive view, in
Shotts parish, Lanarkshire.

HIRST, site of ancient Border town in
Gretna parish, Dumfriesshire.

HIRST, coal - field in Cumbernauld
parish, Dumbartonshire.

HIRTA. See Kilda (St.).

HOAN, islet near mouth of Loch Eriboll,
Sutherland.

HOBGOBLIN HALL, famous part of old
Yester Castle, in Yester parish, Hadding-
tonshire.

HOBKIRK, parish containing Bonchester
Bridge post office hamlet in south centre
of Roxburghshire. Its length is nearly
11 miles ; its greatest breadth less than
3 miles ; its area 16,193 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £11,973. Pop. 662.
The surface includes much of the vale of
Rule river ; contains the beautiful lofty
hill of Bonchester ; extends from Rubers-
law in the north to the mountain-range at
boundary with Liddesdale on the south ;
and is mostly pastoral. The seats are
"Wells, Hallrule, Weens, Harwood, Green-
river, Wauchope, and Langraw ; and the
chief antiquities are remains of a citadel
on Bonchester Hill. The churches are
Established and Free, and there is a public
school with about 88 scholars.

HODDAM, parish, containing Eccle-
fechan post town, in Annandale, Dumfries-
shire. Its length is 5| miles ; its greatest
breadth 3^- miles ; its area 7514 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £10,793. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1518 ; quoad sacra, 1445.
The surface includes Brunswark Hill, and
extends southward thence in successively
gentle slope, rich plain, and luxuriant
haughs to the river Annan. Hoddam
Castle is an edifice of 15th century, and
succeeded a strong Border fortalice of its
own name, situated on the Cummertrees
side of the Annan, and demolished in
terms of a Border treaty. Hoddam estate
belonged to the Lords Herries ; passed to
successively the Earls of Annandale, the
Earls of Southesk, and the family of
Sharpe ; and, excepting its mansion and
home parks, was sold in lots in 1877 for
£240,895. Interesting Roman works are
on Brunswark Hill ; and interesting spots
are the birth-place and the grave of
Thomas Carlyle. The churches are Estab-
lished, Free, and United Presbyterian.
The public school includes old accommo-
dation for 173 scholars and a new class-
room for 116.

HODGES, estate in Gladsmuir parish,
Haddingtonshire.

HOGGANFIELD, village and small lake
in north - eastern vicinity of Glasgow.
Pop. 138.

HOGGRIGG, one of the Ochils, south-
east of Craigrossie, Perthshire.

HOLE URN, quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in Aber-
deen. Pop. 12,634.

HOLBURNHEAD, grand cliffy headland,
2 miles north-by-west of Thurso, Caithness.
Clett Rock, near its front, is an insu-
lated tower-like mass, about 250 feet high.

HOLEHOUSE, suburb of Neilston, Ren-
frewshire.

HOLEHOUSE, lofty hill in Kirkmichael
parish, Dumfriesshire.

HOLEKETTLE, village in Kettle parish,
Fife.

HOLEMILL, place, with public school, in
Guthrie parish, Forfarshire.

HOLEMILL, small lake in Craig parish,
Forfarshire.

HOLE OF ROW, lofty natural arch in
peninsular crag on coast of Sandwick, 7
miles north-by- west of Stromness, Orkney.

HOLES OF SCRAADA, two great perpen-
dicular apertures, at end of two natural
tunnels, on Northmaven coast, Shetland.

HOLHOUSE, place, with extensive lime-
works, in Canonbie parish, Dumfriesshire.

HOLLAND, seat in Papa-Westray Is-
land, Orkney.

HOLLANDBUSH, village adjacent to
Haggs, Stirlingshire. Pop. 201.

HOLLAND-HIRST, coal-field in Kirkin-
tilloch parish, Dumbartonshire.

HOLLANDS, bay on south side of Stron-
say Island, Orkney.

HOLLAY, lake on west side of South
Uist, Outer Hebrides.

HOLLEE, hamlet in Kirkpatrick-Fleming
parish, Dumfriesshire.

HOLLOCK, burn in Muiravonside par-
ish, Stirlingshire.

HOLLOWS, well - preserved old tower,
stronghold of the notable riever Armstrong
of Gilnockie, If mile north of Canonbie
village, Dumfriesshire.

HOLLOWS, burn in Broughton parish,

HOLLOW-WOOD, or HOWWOOD, village,
3£ miles west-south-west of Johnstone,
Renfrewshire. It has a post office under
Paisley, a railway station, a chapel-of-ease,
and a public school with about 106 scholars.
Pop. 333.

HOLLYBUSH, seat near Dalrymple vil-
lage, Ayrshire.

HOLLYLEE, seat in Innerleithen parish,
Peeblesshire.

HOLM, sound and parish in south-east
of Orkney. The sound separates Pomona
from Burray ; is 4£ miles long and mostly
about 2 miles broad ; and contains the
islands of Lambholm and Glimsholm. —
The parish flanks north side of the sound ;
extends to within 2£ miles of Kirkwall ;
contains the hamlet of St. Mary's Holm,
with post office under Kirkwall ; includes
Lambholm Island ; and measures in Po-
mona about 6 miles by 2. Real property
in 1880-81, £2767. Pop. 1090. The
shores are mostly rocky, and the interior

HOL

233

HOL

consists mostly of light thin loamy land.
The churches are Established and United
Presbyterian ; and there are 2 public
schools, both of them new, for 180 scholars.

HOLM, suburb of Stornoway, and small
island in mouth of Stornoway harbour,
Outer Hebrides.

HOLM, small harbour in Dunnet parish,
Caithness.

HOLM, island in Stromness parish, Ork-
ney. Pop. 8.

HOLM, small island adjacent to east
side of Papa-Westray Island, Orkney.

HOLM, burn, with cascade, in Inverness
parish, Inverness-shire.

HOLM, seat in Croy parish, Inverness.

HOLM, estate in Kirkconnel parish,
Dumfriesshire.

HOLM, estate, with site of Caledonian
stone circle, in Holywood parish, Dum-
friesshire.

HOLMAINS, bill and ruined tower in
Dalton parish, Dumfriesshire.

HOLMHEAD, suburb of Cumnock, Ayr-
shire.

HOLMHEAD, village adjacent to Old
Cathcart, Renfrewshire.

HOLM OF BALFRON, hamlet, with
United Presbyterian church, near Balfron,
Stirlingshire.

HOLM OF FARA, small island adjacent
to south-east end of Westray, Orkney.

HOLM OF GRIMBISTER, small island in
Firth parish, Orkney.

HOLM OF HANTON, small island ad-
jacent to southern extremity of Orphir
parish, Orkney.

HOLM OF MIDGEARTH, small island adja-
cent to north end of StronsayIsland,Orkney.

HOLM OF NOSS, tabular islet, with
vertical faces about 160 feet high, ad-
jacent to Noss Island, Shetland.

HOLM OF PAPAL, small island in Bressay
parish, Orkney.

HOLMS, rivulet, rising on Holm-Nick
Mountain, and running 6^ miles north-
north-eastward along Glenholm parish to
Biggar river, near that stream's influx to
the Tweed, in south-west of Peeblesshire.

HOLMS, estate in Cadder parish, Lanark-
shire.

HOLMS, three small islands near north-
west coast of Unst, Shetland.

HOLMS OF HUIP, two small islands adja-
cent to north end of Stronsay, Orkney.

HOLMS OF IYE, two small islands
adjacent to Burness district of Sanday
Island, Orkney.

HOLMS OF SPURNESS, two small
islands in strait between Stronsay and
Sanday Islands, Orkney.

HOLTON SQUARE, collier village in
Alloa parish, Clackmannanshire.

HOLYDEAN, quondam strong castellated
seat of ancestors of the Duke of Roxburghe
in Bowden parish, Roxburghshire.

HOLY ISLE, island, 2\ miles long, and
1009 feet high, in mouth of Lamlash
Bay, Arran Island, Buteshire. It rises in
tiers of cliffs from base to summit, and

contains a cave supposed to have been
the retreat of an ancient hermit.

HOLY ISLE, small island, with ruined
ancient church and large ancient ceme-
tery, off north-west coast of Islay Island,
Argyleshire.

HOLY ISLES. See Garvelloch.

HOLY LINN, fine cascade on brook in
Balmaclellan parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

HOLY LOCH, bay, about 2 miles long,
and about a mile in greatest breadth,
between Dunoon-proper and Kilmun sec-
tions of Dunoon parish, Argyleshire.

HOLY POOL, small pond, long held in
superstitious veneration, near middle of
Strathfillan, Perthshire.

HOLYROOD, royal palace and ruined
abbey in north-west corner of Queen's
Park, adjacent to foot of Canongate,
Edinburgh. A spacious yard in front of
them contains a fountain, with three tiers
of statuettes, erected in 1859 ; has, on its
west side, royal mews and guard-house,
erected about 1858 ; and adjoins there
the site of ancient royal mews, mint,
and government offices. The palace
originated in apartments within the
abbey ; was erected, as a separate edifice,
in successive parts from 1501 till 1679 ;
underwent exterior renovation in 1826,
and interior improvement in 1842 ; has a
quadrangular form, with open interior
square court; presents to the west a
main frontage of two-storey centre, with
surmounting structure in form of imperial
crown, and three-storey projecting wings,
with round towers and conical roofs ; and
contains Queen Victoria's private apart-
ments in modernized condition, Queen
Mary's apartments in nearly the same
condition as when she lived, and a spacious
picture-gallery, serving for certain great
public uses. The abbey adjoins the eastern
part of north side of the palace ; was
founded in 1128 for Augustinian canons-
regular ; comprised, for some time, a
great extent and variety of magnificent
building ; sustained, in 1322 and at subse-
quent periods, such sweeping injuries as
to be now represented by little more than
remains of its church's nave ; exhibits, in
the west front of that, interesting features
of Norman and early English architecture ;
and contains the royal vault, with ashes
of numerous kings and princes. The
Queen's Park, measuring 5 miles in cir-
cuit, and including Salisbury Crag and
Arthur's Seat, was once a richly embel-
lished royal demesne ; underwent aliena-
tion in the time of Charles I. ; was
repurchased by the Crown, and begun
to be improved from a desolated condition,
in 1844 ; has a drive winding round it,
with rich diversity of exquisite views ;
and is all open to the public.

HOLYTOWN, town and quoad sacra par-
ish in middle ward of Lanarkshire. The
town stands about a mile east of Holytown
railway station, and 11 miles south-east of
Glasgow ; includes the suburb of New

HOL

234

HOU

Stevenston ; is engirt by a very productive
portion of Lanarkshire mineral field ; and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of
Lanarkshire, a banking office, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 358 scholars. Pop. of Holy-
town-proper, 1432 ; of Holytown and New
Stevenston, 2480 ; of the quoad sacra par-
ish, 10,449.

HOLYTOWN STATION, village, 10 miles
south-south-east of Glasgow. It has a
post office designated of Lanarkshire, a
junction railway station, and a hotel, and
is a place of great mineral traffic.

HOLYWELLHAUGH, place where Edward
I. of England and the Scottish nobles met
to determine the succession of the Scottish
crown, in Ladykirk parish, Berwickshire.

HOLYWOOD, village and parish on west
border of Dumfriesshire. The village
stands 3 miles north-north-west of Dum-
fries, dates from the time of the Culdees,
had an abbey of the 12th century de-
molished in 1779, and now has a post
office under Dumfries, a railway station, a
parochial church, and a public school with
about 113 scholars. — The parish measures
9f miles by 2|, and comprises 8805 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £12,699. Pop.
1078. The surface is a rich portion of the
valley of the Nith, and, excepting a small
group of low hill in the extreme west, is
all level. The seats are Broomrig, Cow-
hill, Portract, Gribton, and Newtonairds ;
and the antiquities are a tower of 1590 and
a great ancient Caledonian stone circle.
There are 3 schools for 196 scholars.

HOME. See Hume.

HOOK, seat and burn in Applegarth
parish, Dumfriesshire.

HOPE, lake and river in Durness parish,
Sutherland. The lake extends about 6
miles northward, and is overhung on the
east side of its upper part by Benhope.
The river is a continuation of Strathmore
rivulet to the lake's head ; and it traverses
the lake, and runs about a mile northward
thence to the sea.

HOPEKIRK. See Hobkirk.

HOPEMAN, seaport town, 6| miles north-
west of Elgin. It is of modern origin, and
has a post office under Elgin, a well-shel-
tered harbour, a Free church, and a public
school with about 150 scholars. Pop. 1323.

HOPES, seat in Garvald parish, Had-
dingtonshire.

HOPESRIG, seat in Westerkirk parish,
Dumfriesshire.

HOPETOUN, seat of the Earl of Hope-
toun, 2f miles west of Queensferry, Lin-
lithgowshire. It is a princely edifice of
1690 and later dates, and has very beauti-
ful grounds.

HOP-PRINGLE, ruined ancient castle in
Stow parish, Edinburghshire.

HOPRIG, estate in Gladsmuir parish,
Haddingtonshire.

HORDA, small island off south-west
coast of South Ronaldshay, Orkney.

HORISDALE, small island in Gairloch
parish, Ross-shire.

HORNDEAN, village and ancient parish
in Berwickshire. The village stands 7
miles north-east of Coldstream, dates from
old times, and has a United Presbyterian
church. The parish lies around it, and is
now part of Ladykirk.

HORSBURGH, shattered peel-tower, 2%
miles east-south-east of Peebles.

HORSE, islet about a mile north-west of
Ardrossan, Ayrshire.

HORSE, island adjacent to Muck, Inner
Hebrides.

HORSE, islet, 3 miles east of Deerness,
Orkney.

HORSE-SHOE, harbour in Kerr era Island,
near Oban, Argyleshire.

HOSELAW, lake, small hill, and quondam
village, in Linton parish, Roxburghshire.

HOSPITALFIELD, seat in St. Vigeans
parish, Forfarshire.

HOSPITALMILL, village in Cults parish,
Fife.

HOUGWHARY, small bay and headland
in south-west of North Uist, Outer
Hebrides.

HOUNA. SeeHuNA.

HOUNAM, hamlet and parish on south-
east border of Roxburghshire. The hamlet
lies on Kale rivulet, 11^ miles south-south-
east of Kelso, and communicates with
Kelso post office. — The parish measures 7
miles by 4f, and comprises 15,075 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £8705. Pop.
263. The surface includes very little
arable land, and consists chiefly of part of
the Cheviot Hills, rising to altitudes of
from 1152 to 1472 feet. Greenhill is a
retreat of the Duke of Roxburghe ; the
Roman Watling - Street runs along the
whole western boundary ; and remains of
Caledonian and Roman camps are numer-
ous. The public school has about 42
scholars.

HOUNDHILL, eminence, with old en-
trenchment, in Manor parish, Peebles-
shire.

HOUNDWOOD, quoad sacra parish aver-
agely 5 miles west-north-west of Ayton,
Berwickshire. It was constituted in 1837,
and it has Established and Free churches.
Pop. 1516.

HOUNSLOW, village, 6J miles east of
Lauder, Berwickshire.

HOURN, sea-loch dividing Glenelg-proper
from Knoydart, Inverness-shire. It opens
from Sleat Sound ; strikes successively
eastward, east-south-eastward, and north-
eastward ; has a commencing width of 3
miles, and a total length of about 13
miles; and is flanked and overhung by
wild, alpine, picturesque mountains.

HOUSE, island on west side of Bressay
parish, Shetland. It measures about 5
miles in length and 1 mile in greatest
breadth, and is chiefly a hilly ridge with
rocky coast.

HOUSEBAY, curious ancient cemetery
I in south end of Stronsay Island, Orkney.

HOU

235

HOY

HOUSEHILL, estate, with mansion and
mineral works, in east of Abbey-Paisley
parish, Renfrewshire.

HOUSEHILL, seat in Nairn parish,
Nairnshire.

HOUSE OF MUIR, place of quondam
annual sheep markets, miles south-by-
west of Edinburgh.

HOUSIE, or OUT-SKERRIES, group of
islets, 23 miles north -east -by -north of
Lerwick, Shetland. Pop. 71.

HOUSTON, village and parish in north
centre of Renfrewshire. The village stands
on burn of its own name, 5 miles west-
north-west of Paisley ; succeeded an ancient
village, called originally Hugh's town,
situated a little farther down the burn,
and nearly all demolished in 1780; is a
neat place, all erected after the demolition
of the old village; and has a post office
under Johnstone, a railway station 3J
miles to the north-east, Established, Free,
and Roman Catholic churches, and a public
school with about 119 scholars. Pop.
553. — The parish contains also Crosslee
village and part of Bridge of "Weir. Its
length is 6 miles ; its greatest breadth 3£
miles ; its area 7585 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £15,506. Pop. 2191. The
western section is uneven, and partly
pastoral. The eastern section is flat, and
consists mostly of fertile arable land, but
includes a moss of about 300 acres. The
moss was leased in 1879 to Glasgow City
Corporation, and began immediately to be
subjected, with aid of local railway, to a
process of fertilization, by distribution on
it of refuse from the city. Coal, limestone,
and sandstone are found. Cotton-spinning
and bleaching are largely carried on. The
seats are Houston House and Barrochan ;
and chief antiquities are Barrochan Cross,
an altar-tomb in chancel of ancient church,
and the site of a fine old baronial castle.
A Free church is at Bridge of "Weir. 5
schools for 561 scholars are in the parish,
and class-rooms in them for 125 are
new.

HOUSTON, seat in Uphall parish, Linlith-
gowshire.

HOUTON, headland, bay, and small
island in Orphir parish, Orkney. The
headland is about 300 feet high, and con-
tains, at 90 feet above flood-mark, a large
cave.

HOVA, lofty headland in south of Noss
Island, Shetland.

HOW, ruined old mansion in Shapinshay
Island, Orkney.

HOWA, sound, 5 miles long, between
Rousay and Egilshay Islands, Orkney.

HOWDEAN, place, with traces of ancient
camp, in Jedburgh parish, Roxburgh-
shire.

HOWGATE, village, If mile south-east
of Penicuick, Edinburghshire. It has a
United Presbyterian church, and a public
school.

HOWIESHILL, hamlet in Cambuslang
pai-ish, Lanarkshire.

HOWLISTON, old tower, transmuted into
farmhouse, in Stow parish, Edinburghshire.

HOWMORE, hamlet in South Uist,
Outer Hebrides. It has a post office under
Lochmaddy, and a public school with about
70 scholars.

HOWNAM. See Hounam.

HOW OF ALFORD, reach of valley of
the Don, 10 miles long, in Tullynessle,
Alford, Keig, and Tough parishes, Aber-
deenshire.

HOW OF ANGUS, the part of Strathmore
in Forfarshire.

HOW OF ANNANDALE, valley of river
Annan, Dumfriesshire.

HOW OF APPLEGARTH, southern part
of Applegarth parish, Dumfriesshire.

HOW OF CORRICHIE, glen in Fare Hill,
battlefield of 1562, in Banchory-Ternan
parish, Kincardineshire.

HOW OF FIFE, valley of Eden river, Fife.

HOW OF GARVOCK, southern part of
Garvock parish, Kincardineshire.

HOW OF HABRAHELIA, cavern, re-
sembling great amphitheatre, in headland
at northern extremity of Papa - Westray
Island, Orkney.

HOW OF MEARNS, the part of Strath-
more in Kincardineshire.

HOW OF MORAY, seaboard portion of
Elginshire and Nairnshire and of adjacent
parts of Banffshire and Inverness-shire.

HOWPASLY, place, with public school,
in Roberton parish, Roxburghshire.

HOWQUOY, promontory at south-west
extremity of Holm parish, Orkney.

HOWWOOD. See Hollowwood.

HOXA, sound between Flotta Island and
South Ronaldshay, and estate with flag-
stone quarry in South Ronaldshay, Orkney.

HOY, sound and island in south-west of
Orkney. The sound separates the island
from Strornness parish in Pomona, mea-
sures 7 miles in length, and 2 miles in
mean breadth, and is swept by very rapid
tides. — The island extends southward from
the sound to within 6| miles of Caithness ;
measures 13 miles in length, and mostly
from 3J to 4f miles in breadth ; is almost
dissevered, near its south end, by Long
Hope sea-loch ; differs so much from the
other Orcadian islands as to be called
the Highlands of Orkney ; has summits in
its northern part from 1300 to 1556 feet
high ; presents to the Atlantic, along
nearly all its west coast, cliffs and shelving
precipices, from 500 to about 900 feet
high ; is subtended near the middle of
that coast by a large arched, lofty, colum-
nar, insulated rock called Old Man of Hoy ;
possesses more interest for geologists,
botanists, and ornithologists than any
other part of Orkney ; and has a post office
designated of Orkney. Pop. 367.

HOY AND GRAEMSAY, parish, compre-
hending Graemsay Island and about 5
miles of northern part of Hoy, in Orkney.
Real property in 1880-81, £868. Pop. 603.
The public school is new, and serves for
40 scholars.

HUB

236

HUE

HUBIE, place, with ancient chapel, in
Fetlar Island, Shetland.

HUGHTON, place, 5 miles from Beauly,
Inverness-shire. It has a post office under
Beauly.

HUIP, two islets near north coast of
Stronsay, Orkney.

HUIPNESS, headland at north-east ex-
tremity of Stronsay, Orkney.

HULAR, lake, 2\ miles long, in Strath-
bran, Ross-shire.

HULLERHIRST, seat near Stevenston,
Ayrshire.

HUMBIE, parish, containing Upper
Keith post office village, in south-western
extremity of Haddingtonshire. It com-
prehends a main body of 5^ miles by 4,
and a small detached district about a mile
to the south - west surrounded by Edin-
burghshire ; and has a total area of 9316
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £11,246.
Pop. 907. The surface is partly a gently
inclined plain, but mostly an ascent thence
to a lofty watershed of the Lammermoor
Hills. The chief residence is Whitburgh,
and the chief antiquities are ruins of the
once splendid mansion of Keith, and ruins of
a Roman Catholic chapel. The churches
are Established and Free ; and there are
2 public schools with about 203 scholars.

HUMBIE, place, with extensive excellent
sandstone quarry, in Kirkliston parish,
Linlithgowshire.

HUMBLE-BUMBLE, sonorous cataract
on May rivulet, Perthshire.

HUMBLE-BUMBLE, sonorous cataract
on Lednock rivulet, Perthshire.

HUME, or HOME, hamlet, castle, and
ancient parish on south border of Berwick-
shire. The hamlet lies 3 miles south-by-
west of Greenlaw, is the remnant of an
ancient town, and has a post office
under Greenlaw. — The castle surmounts a
lofty rocky eminence contiguous to the
hamlet ; was long the seat of the Earls of
Home, and a strong important fortress ;
figured .prominently in the international
wars ; consists now of mere walls rebuilt
in modern times on old foundations ; and
is a conspicuous object throughout a great
extent of landscape. — The parish lies
around the castle, comprises 4099 acres,
and is annexed to Stitchell. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £6736. Pop. 407.

HUMPHRY, lake in Old Kilpatrick par-
ish, Dumbartonshire.

HUNA, place, with post office under
Wick, an inn, and the old ferry station to
Orkney, 1\ miles west of Duncansby Head,
Caithness.

HUNDA, island adjacent to west end of
Burray, Orkney. Pop. 8.

HUNDALEE, seat and caves in Jedburgh
parish, Roxburghshire.

HUNIE, rabbit islet near south-west
coast of Unst, Shetland.

HUNISH, headland at north-west ex-
tremity of Trotternish, Isle of Skye.

HUNT, hill on northern boundary of
Knockando parish, Elginshire.

HUNTERFIELD, village in Cockpen
parish, Edinburghshire. Pop. 495.

HUNTER'S BOG, dingle between Arthur's
Seat and Salisbury Crag, adjacent to
Edinburgh.

HUNTER'S HILL, rising -ground, with
ancient obelisk, near Glammis, Forfarshire.

HUNTER'S HILL, wooded hill in For-
doun parish, Kincardineshire.

HUNTER'S QUAY, village on south side
near mouth of Holy Loch, Argyleshire.
Pop. 233.

HUNTERSTON, estate in West Kilbride,
Ayrshire.

HUNTHILL, village in Blantyre parish,
Lanarkshire.

HUNTHILL, seat in Jedburgh parish,
Roxburghshire.

HUNTINGTON, seat in Haddington par-
ish, Haddingtonshire.

HUNTINGTOWER, village, % miles west-
north- west of Perth. It has a post office
under Perth ; and it adjoins Huntingtower
Castle and Ruthvenfield village. The
castle belonged to the Earls of Gowrie,
was then called Ruthven Castle, and was
the scene of the event called the Raid of
Ruthven. Pop. of Huntingtower and
Ruthvenfield, 379.

HUNTLAW, coal-field in Pencaitland
parish, Haddingtonshire.

HUNTLY, town and parish in Strath-
bogie district, Aberdeenshire. The town
stands on peninsula at confluence of the
Bogie and the Deveron, 41 miles north-
west of Aberdeen ; dates from about the
beginning of last century ; consists of
well-built streets and a central square ;
carries on a large amount of country busi-
ness ; has a head post office with all
departments, a railway station, 3 banking
offices, 3 hotels, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, Congregational, Episcopa-
lian, and Roman Catholic churches, and
a large public school ; and adjoins Huntly
Lodge, a seat of the Duke of Pdchmond,
and Huntly Castle, an interesting ruin,
partly fragment of ancient fortalice of the
Comyns, and mainly a structure of 1602.
Pop. 3519. — The parish measures about
10 miles by 4. Real property in 1880-81,
£14,535. Pop. 4388. The surface is aU
hilly, and was formerly bleak, but has
been richly improved. A plain mansion,
a public school, and a ruined old castle are
on Avochy estate ; and the scene of the
battle of Sleoch is in Kinoir district.

HUNTLY, quondam village in Gordon
parish, Berwickshire. It has given the
title of marquis since 1599 to the family of
Gordon.

HUNTLY-COT, part of Moorfoot Hills,
on southern border of Temple parish,
Edinburghshire.

HURLET, village, 3 miles south-east of
Paisley, Renfrewshire. It has a post
office under Glasgow, and extensive chemi-
cal works. Pop. 341.

HURLFORD, town and quoad sacra par-
j ish in Ayrshire. The town stands 2 miles

HUR

237

INC

south - west of Kilmarnock, includes
Crookedkolm suburb, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Kilmarnock, a railway sta-
tion, extensive ironworks, Established and
Free churches, and a large endowed school.
Pop. of the town, 4385 ; of the quoad sacra
parish, 4699.

HURLEY-HAWKEY, steep escarpment
on north side of hill contiguous to the
Castle in Stirling.

HURLEY-HAWKIN, trace of ^ a castle
said to have been erected by King Alex-
ander I. in Liff parish, Forfarshire.

HUSHINISH, headland in west of Harris,
Outer Hebrides.

EUSKER, island, 6 miles west of North
Uist, Outer Hebrides.

HUSSABOST, seat and district in Duir-
inish parish, Isle of Skye.

HUTCHESONTOWN, section of south side
of Glasgow, adjacent to the Clyde, east-
ward from Gorbals-proper. It has Estab-
lished, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches of its own name, some other
churches, and a large school of Hutcheson's
Hospital ; and it forms a registration dis-
trict. Pop. of district in 1880-81, 50,397.

HUTTON, village and parish on south-
east border of Berwickshire. The village
stands 3 miles east-south-east of Chirnside,
and has a post office under Berwick, a
church with 400 sittings, and a public
school with about 63 scholars. — The parish
contains also Paxton village, measures 4|
miles by 3£, and comprises 5516 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £12,631. Pop.
962. The surface is mostly flat, but
includes some gentle elevations adjacent
to the Whitadder and the Tweed. The
seats are Meadow House, Paxton, Tweed-
hill, and Spittal ; and the antiquities are
the curious Border fortalice of Hutton
Hall and a ruined church. There are 4
schools for 264 scholars.

HUTTON, parish, with church 6J miles
north-north-east of Lockerby, Dumfries-
shire. Its post town is Lockerby. Its
length is 13 miles ; its greatest breadth 4J
miles ; its area 23,923 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £13,148. Pop. 814.
The northern section consists of upper
part of basin of the Dryfe ; the southern
section descends to conflux of the Corrie
and the Milk ; and the whole is prevail-
ingly mountainous and hilly, and includes
only about 3000 acres of arable land. The
seats are Boreland, Gillespie, Shaw, and
"Whiteknow ; and the chief antiquities are
two Caledonian forts. There are 3 schools
for 204 scholars.

HYLIPOL. See Hillipol.

HYND, vestige of ancient castle in
Monikie parish, Forfarshire.

HYNDFORD, barony, with hamlet and
bridge, on the Clyde, 2\ miles south-east
of Lanark. It gave the title of earl, from
1701 till 1817, to the family of Carmichael.

HYNDSHAW, estate in Carluke parish,
Lanarkshire.

I. See Iona.

IASGAIR, or YESKER, small island off
extreme north of Skye, Inverness-shire.

IBRIS, island in Dirleton parish, Had-
dingtonshire.

IBROX, or IBROXHOLM, south-western
suburb of Glasgow, a short distance west
of Pollockshields. It has a post office,
with money order department, under Glas-
gow, and a United Presbyterian church.

ICOLMKILL. See Iona.

IDOCH, burn and vale in Monquhitter
parish, Aberdeenshire.

IDRIGIL, headland and cave on Duirinish
coast, Isle of Skye. The headland has
cliffs about 400 feet high, and the cave
was one of the dismal prisons of the ill-
used Lady Grange.

IDVIES, barony in Kirkden parish,
Forfarshire.

ILACHANEUVE, one of the Garvelloch
islands, Argyleshire.

ILAY. < See Islay.

ILIE, river Helmsdale in Sutherland.

ILLERAY, island contiguous to south-
west coast of North Uist, Outer Hebrides.
It measures about 4 miles by 1J, and is
insulated only at high-water. Pop. 69.

IMACHAR, place on west coast of Arran
Island, Buteshire.

IMERSAY, islet adjacent to east coast
of Islay Island, Argyleshire.

INAILITE, suburb of Stornoway, Outer
Hebrides.

INALTERIE, place, with remains of very
old strong massive building, in Deskford
parish, Banffshire.

INCH, parish, containing Aird hamlet,
Cairnryan and Lochans post office villages,
Castle-Kennedy railway station and post
office, and part of Stranraer town, in
Wigtonshire. Its length is 13 miles ; its
greatest breadth 1\ mil°s ; its area 30,844
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £18,558.
Pop., quoad civilia, 3766; quoad sacra,
3468. The northern section lies between
Loch Ryan and Luce river, and consists
chiefly of heathy hills, but has mostly a
flat shore. The southern section lies
chiefly in the isthmus between Loch Ryan
and Luce Bay, is low and gently undulat-
ing, has some curious hollows locally
called pots, and contains Castle-Kennedy
and Saulseat lakes. Chief residences are
the Earl of Stair's seat of Lochinch, and
Sir William Wallace's seat of Lochryan;
and chief antiquities are Craigcaffie Castle,
remains of Larg Castle, traces of Saulseat
Abbey, the moat of Innermessan, the
standing-stones of Glenterra, and numer-
ous cairns. The churches are 2 Established
and 2 Free, and there are 4 schools with
accommodation for 452 scholars.

INCH, seat in Liberton parish, Edin-
burghshire.

INCH, place in Fettercairn parish, Kin-
cardineshire. It has a public school with
about 110 scholars.

INCH, Aberdeenshire and Inverness-
shire See Insch.

INC

238

INC

INCHABER, small island near mouth of
Endrick river, in Loch Lomond.

INCHAFFRAY, vestige of ancient abbey
in Madderty parish, Perthshire.

INCHARD, sea-loch and rivulet in
northern part of Edderachyllis parish,
Sutherland. The loch penetrates 5 miles
south-eastward, contains several islets,
and forms a fine natural harbour. The
rivulet descends about 5 miles north-west-
ward to the loch's head, widens into two
lakes in its progress, and is crossed near
its mouth by a large bridge on line of
great western road.

INCHBARE, village in Strickathrow
parish, Forfarshire. It has a post office
under Brechin.

INCHBELLY, place, with bridge, on the
Kelvin, Lj mile east-north-east of Kirkin-
tilloch, Dumbartonshire.

INCHBERRY, place, with public school,
in Kothes parish, Elginshire.

INCHBERVIE, remains of old castle on
the Tay, near Stanley, Perthshire.

INCHBRAKIE, seat in Crieff parish,
Perthshire.

INCHBRAYOCK, or ROSSIE ISLAND,
low flat islet, of about 34 acres, in South
Esk river, adjacent to Montrose, Forfar-
shire. Pop. 169.

INCHBRECK, place in Kirkintilloch
parish, Dumbartonshire.

INCHCALLIOCH, wooded islet, with
sites of ancient nunnery and ancient
parochial church, f mile north-west of
mouth of Endrick river, in Loch Lomond.

INCHCLARE, or CLARE-INCH, wooded
islet near Inchcallioch, in Loch Lomond.

INCHCOLM, rocky island, about 1| mile
in circuit, with considerable remains of
ancient monastery on site of Culdee
cell, in Firth of Forth, If mile south-
south-west of Aberdour, Fife. Pop. 7.

INCHCONACHAN, islet in Loch Lomond,
1 mile south-east of Luss.

INCHCORMAC, islet, with remains of
ancient chapel, in mouth of Loch Swin,
Knapdale, Argyleshire.

INCHCROIN, islet a little north-east
of Inchmurrin, in Loch Lomond.

INCHCRUIN, islet in Loch Lomond, 2
miles south-east of Luss.

INCHDAIRNIE, seat, 1| mile south of
Leslie, Fife.

INCHDREWER, old castellated seat in
Banff parish, Banffshire.

INCHES, railway station on north-west
border of Lanarkshire, between Douglas
and Glenbuck.

INCHES, estate and burn in Inverness
parish, Inverness-shire.

INCHEWAN, seat near Kirriemuir, For-
farshire.

INCHFAD, islet, \ mile north-west of
Inchcallioch, in Loch Lomond.

INCHFRIECHLAN, small fern-clad islet
in Loch Lomond, opposite Luss.

INCHGALBRAITH, islet, with remains
of ancient castle, near west side of Loch
Lomond, 2 miles south-by-east of Luss.

INCHGARVIE, rocky islet, with frag-
ment of old fort or castle, in Firth of
Forth, opposite Queensferry.

INCHINNAN, parish on the Clyde,
north-westward from the Cart, Renfrew^
shire. Its post town is Paisley. Its
length is 3^ miles ; its greatest breadth
2f miles ; its area 3330 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £7459. Pop. 505.
The surface is partly flat, partly diversi-
fied by diluvial rising-grounds, and all
highly cultivated. The seats are Park
and South Barr ; and other objects of
interest are the sites of Inchinnan Palace
and North Barr baronial fortalice. The
lands and the quondam palace belonged
to successively the High Stewards of
Scotland and the Earls of Lennox. The
parochial church occupies the site of a
Culdee cell, and is a handsome edifice of
1828. The Free church was erected sub-
sequent to 1843. The public school has
about 100 scholars.

INCHKEITH, island in Firth of Forth,
4 miles north-north-east of Leith. It
measures about 5 furlongs in length, and
about \\ furlong in breadth ; rises gradually,
in rough, rocky surface, to a height of
about 180 feet ; is crowned by a lighthouse,
with revolving light visible at the distance
of 21 nautical miles ; had, in the 16th
century, a fort which the French cap-
tured, and which Parliament ordered to
be demolished ; acquired in 1878-81 three
batteries on three separate points, con-
nected by military road ; and was found,
in 1872, to contain an extensive deposit
of fire-scorched bones and shells. Pop. 10.

INCHKENNETH, fertile island, about 3
miles in circuit, in Loch-na-Keal, west
coast of Mull, Argyleshire. It belonged
to the Culdees of Iona ; has tolerably
entire remains of an ancient small church,
with interesting ancient cemetery; and
figured prominently in Dr. Johnson's
visit to the Hebrides. Pop. 8.

INCHLAGGAN, place, with public school,
in Glengarry quoad sacra parish, Inver-
ness-shire.

INCHLAW, hill in Logie parish, Fife.

INCHLONAIG, islet, of about 150 acres,
used as deer park, to the north of Inch-
conachan, in Loch Lomond.

INCHMAHOME, islet in Monteith lake,
Port-of-Monteith parish, Perthshire. It
has large interesting remains of an ancient
priory, and was the residence of Queen
Mary in her girlhood, prior to her removal
to France.

INCHMARLOW, estate, with mansion
and public school, on the Dee, in Ban-
chory-Ternan parish, Kincardineshire.

INCHMARNOCK, verdant island, about
2 miles long, with ruins of ancient chapel,
about a mile west of Bute Island, Bute-
shire. Pop. 18.

INCHMARNOCK, place, with public
school, in Glenmuick parish, Aberdeenshire.

INCHMARTIN, seat and ruined small
Gothic church in Errol parish, Perthshire.

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239

INN

INCHMICKERY, rocky islet in Firth
of Forth, 2& miles north of Cramond
shore, Edinburghshire.

INCHMOAN, low, flat, mossy^ islet to
the south of Inchconachan, in Loch
Lomond.

INCHMURRIN, largest and most south-
erly island in Loch Lomond. It measures
5^ miles in circuit ; contains a hunting-
lodge of the Duke of Montrose, and ruins
of a fortalice of the Earls of Lennox ; and
is used as a deer park.

INCH-NA-DAMPH, hamlet on Assynt
lake, in Assynt parish, Sutherland.

INCHOCK, old castle in Auldearn parish,
Nairnshire.

INCHPARKS, place, with public school,
in Inch parish, Wigtonshire.

INCHRIACH,mountain in Rothiemurchus
parish, Inverness-shire.

INCHRYE, seat in Abdie parish, Fife.

INCHTAVANACH, comparatively steep
and lofty islet, mostly covered with natural
oak, in Loch Lomond, § mile south-east of
Luss.

INCHTORR, or TORR-INCH, wooded
islet between Inchcallioch and Inchcroin,
in Loch Lomond.

INCHTURE, village and parish in Carse
district, Perthshire. The village stands a
little north of railway station of its own
name, 13^ miles east-north-east of Perth,
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, designated
of Perthshire, an inn, a Gothic church
of 1834, and a public school with about
98 scholars. — The parish contains also
Ballendean and Balledgarno villages,
measures about 4 miles by 3, and com-
prises 4123 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £3304. Pop. 650. The sur-
face is mostly a dead level, and consists of
very fertile richly-embellished carse land.
The seats are Lord Kinnaird's mansion of
Rossie Priory and Ballendean House ; and
the chief antiquities are Rossie cross, ruins
of Rossie church , and ruins of Moncur Castle .

INCHTUTHIL, site of Roman station
on the Tay, in Caputh parish, Perthshire.

INCHWOOD, burn on west boundary of
Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

INCHYRA, village, mansion, and de-
tached district of Kinnoul parish, on the
Tay, 8 miles south-east of Perth.

INDAAL. See Lochindaal.

INELLAN, village and quoad sacra parish
in Cowal district, Argyleshire. The village
stands on Firth of Clyde, 4 miles south-
by-west of Dunoon ; was founded in 1843 ;
is a fashionable watering-place, consisting
chiefly of villas ; and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Greenock, a steamboat pier, a bank-
ing office, a hotel, Established, Free,
United Presbyterian, and Episcopalian
churches, and a public school with about
95 scholars. Pop. of the village, 859 ;
of the quoad sacra parish, 1061.

INGANESS, bay penetrating about 4
miles south-westward to vicinity of Kirk-

wall, Orkney. It forms a fine natural
harbour for any class of vessels.

INGANS, three lofty hills in Cleish
parish, Kinross-shire.

INGLIS -GREEN, place in vicinity of
Slateford, Edinburghshire.

INGLISMALDIE, old castellated seat of
the Earl of Kintore in Marykirk parish,
Kincardineshire.

INGLISTON, seat and quondam hamlet
in Kinnettles parish, Forfarshire.

INGLISTON, seat near Ratho, Edin-
burghshire.

INHALLOW. See Enhallow.

INISHAIL, island and ancient parish in
Argyleshire. The island lies in Loch Awe,
between Cladich and Kilchurn, and con-
tains an interesting ancient cemetery and
remains of an ancient small convent and
chapel. The parish is now part of
Glenorchy.

INKERMAN, recently-formed village in
Abbey-Paisley parish, Renfrewshire. It
has a public school with about 138 scholars.
Pop. 948.

INNERAVON, old tower on site of Roman
station in Borrowstownness parish, Lin-
lithgowshire.

INNERGELLY, seat in Kilrenny parish,
Fife.

INNERHADDEN, seat adjacent to Loch
Rannoch, Breadalbane, Perthshire.
INNER HIGH CHURCH. See High

Church, Glasgow.

INNERKIP, village and parish in ex-
treme west of Renfrewshire. The village
stands on Kip rivulet, 3 furlongs from its
mouth, and 6 miles south-west of Greenock ;
is a pleasant place with charming environs ;
and has a post office under Greenock,
a railway station, a hotel, a handsome
Established church, a Free church, a fine
maxisoleum of the Shaw-Stewart family,
and a public school with about 172 scholars.
Pop. 580. — The parish contains also the
town of Gourock, measures 6J miles by 5f ,
and comprises 12,549 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £50,715. Pop., quoad civilia,
5359 ; quoad sacra, 882. The surface
is bounded on the east by lofty hills, on
the north and the west by Firth of Clyde,
on the south by Kelly burn ; is intersected
south-westward by the narrow vale of Kip
rivulet ; consists chiefly of bleak moors
and pastoral heights ; has a narrow strip
of low ground along the coast ; and ex-
hibits great diversity of feature, and con-
siderable aggregate of embellishment. The
seats are Ardgowan, Kelly, Leven, Lang-
house, Ashburn, and Gourock House ; and
the antiquities are Ardgowan old tower
and a Roman bridge on Dunrod burn. Five
places of worship and 2 public schools are
in Gourock.

INNERLEITHEN, town in Peeblesshire,
and parish partly also in Selkirkshire. The
town stands on Leithen rivulet, ^ mile
from the Tweed, and 6|- miles east-south-
east of Peebles ; figured as a hamlet from
the time of Malcolm iv. till latter part of

INN

240

INS

last century ; is now a seat of woollen
manufacture, and a summer resort of
invalids ; adjoins a medicinal spring, be-
lieved to be the 'St. Eonan's Well' of
Sir Walter Scott's novel; and has a
post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, designated of Peebles-
shire, a railway station, 2 banking offices,
2 hotels, a recently- erected public hall,
recent drainage and waterworks, a modern
Established church in lieu of an ancient
one, a Free church enlarged in 1878,
a United Presbyterian church erected
in that year, Congregational and Roman
Catholic chapels, and a large public
school opened in 1881. Pop. 2307.— The
parish contains also Walkerburn village,
measures about 9 miles by 7J, and com-
prises 20,421 acres in Peeblesshire, and
3560 in Selkirkshire. Real property in
1880-81, £18,221 and £1202. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 3661 ; quoad sacra, 3636.
The surface rises gradually from the
Tweed to some of the loftiest summits
of the Southern Highlands ; presents
mostly a bold, broken, rugged appear-
ance ; is intersected by several deep
glens ; and includes a small aggregate of
low alluvial land. The chief seats are
Glenormiston and Hollylee ; and a chief
antiquity is Horsburgh Castle. A chapel-
of-ease is at Walkerburn. Seven schools
for 643 scbolars, besides a large one of
1881, are in the parish, and 1 of them
and a class-room for 130 are recent.

INNERLEVEN. See Dubbieside.

INNERMESSAN, quondam town and
extant moat in Inch parish, Wigtonshire.
The town stood on Loch Ryan, 2^ miles
north-east of Stranraer, occupied the site
of an ancient Caledonian settlement, had
a castle, and was for some time the most
considerable place in the Rhinns. The
moat measures 336 feet in circuit and 78
in vertical height, and appears to have
been engirt by a fosse.

INNERPEFFRAY, place, with railway
station, public library, old castle, and old
church, 2\ miles east of Crieff, Perthshire.

INNERSAND, place in Sandsting parish,
Shetland .

INNERTIEL. See Invertiel.

INNERTIG, place, with ruined ancient
church, in Ballantrae parish, Ayrshire.

INNERWELL, small bay in Sorbie parish,
Wigtonshire.

INNERWICK, village and parish in
south-east of Haddingtonshire. The vil-
lage stands about a mile from railway
station of its own name, 4^ miles south-
east of Dunbar, and has a po3t office under
Dunbar, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 63 scholars.
— The parish contains also Thorntonloch
village, extends from the coast to summits
of the Lammermoors, measures about 9o
by 3 miles, and comprises 13,157 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £12,276. Pop.
777. The coast is less tban 2 miles
long, rocky but somewhat tame ; the sea-

board, to the breadth of about 3 miles, is
a gentle slope, fertile and cultivated ; and
the rest of the land is hilly, mostly heathy,
and wildly pastoral. Dunglass, the seat of
Sir Basil F. Hall, Bart., is on the south-
eastern border. Innerwick and Thornton
Castles are fragments of two strong old
f ortalices, destroyed in 1548 by the English,
and confronting each other on a rocky glen
near Innerwick village. There are 2
schools for 192 scholars.

INNERWICK, quoad sacra parish in Glen-
lyon, Perthshire. Its post town is Aber-
feldy, and it has public schools at Cambus-
vrachan, Meggernie, and Pubill. Pop. 355.

INNES, a seat of the Earl of Fife, a
curious renovated ancient edifice, in
Urquhart parish, Elginshire.

INNIMORE, bold basaltic headland, con-
taining Nun's Cave, near Carsaig Arches,
on south coast of Mull Island, Argyle-
shire.

INNINMORE, headland, 3£ miles east-
south-east of Artornish Castle, on Morvern
coast, Argyleshire.

INNISCHONNEL, islet, with picturesque
ruin of ancient chief seat of the Argyle
family, in Loch Avich, Argyleshire.

INNISDRYNICH, seat on west side near
foot of Loch Awe, Argyleshire.

INNISERRICH, islet, with ruined an-
cient chapel, in Loch Avich, Argyle-
shire.

INNISFRAOCH, rocky islet, with ruined
old castle, in Loch Awe, adjacent to
mouth of Orchy river, Argyleshire.

INNISHAIL. See Inishail.

INNISKENNETH. See Inchkenneth.

INNOVAL, headland on west coast of
Westray Island, Orkney.

INORD, sea-loch at south end of Trotter -
nish, Isle of Skye.

INSCH, village and parish in Garioch
district, Aberdeenshire. The village stands
28 miles north-west of Aberdeen, and has
a head post office with money order and
telegraph departments, a railway station,
2 banking offices, 2 hotels, a public hall,
Established, Free, and Congregational
churches, and a large public school. Pop.
579. — The parish measures 5 miles by 3,
and comprises 8370 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £9538. Pop. 1536. The
surface is variously low, undulated,
and hilly ; includes the abrupt conical
hill of Dunnideer, and part of the
lofty hill of Foudland ; and, to an aggre-
gate of about five-sevenths of its extent, is
arable. Excellent slate is quarried, and
bog iron-ore is found. A vitrified fort and
remains of an ancient tower are on Dun-
nideer ; and portions of ancient Cale-
donian stone circles are on other heights.
There are 3 schools for 371 scholars.

INSCH, quoad sacra parish, with church,
at foot of Loch Insch, 8 miles north-east of
Kingussie, Inverness-shire. Loch Insch is
an expansion of the Spey, 2 miles long
and more than a mile broad. Pop. of the
parish, 455.

INV

241

INV

INVER, village on right side of the
Tay, opposite Dunkeld, Perthshire.

INVER, village on Dornoch Firth, in
Tain parish, Ross-shire. It has a public
school with about 81 scholars. Pop. 359.

INVER, Koss-shire. See Lochinver.

INVERALLAN, ancient parish annexed
to Cromdale, but now forming a quoad
sacra parish, on the Spey, at Grantown,
Elginshire. Pop. 2497.

INVERALLOCHY, fishing village and
quoad sacra parish on north-east coast of
Aberdeenshire. The village lies about 3|
miles south-east of Fraserburgh ; has a
large public school ; and adjoins an old
castle of the Comyns. Pop. of the
village, 741 ; of the quoad sacra parish,
1577.

INVERAMSAY, railway station, 20^ miles
north-west of Aberdeen.

INVERAN, hamlet, 4J miles north-west
of Bonar-Bridge, in Sutherland. It has a
post office designated of Sutherland shire.

INVERARDRAN, seat near head of Glen-
dochart, Perthshire.

INVERARITY, parish, with church
about 4 miles south of Forfar. It con-
tains Kincaldrum post office under Forfar,
measures about 4J miles by 4|, and com-
prises 9583 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £12,245. Pop. 862. The surface
includes a vale along Arity rivulet ; con-
sists chiefly of hills ; and, to about two-
thirds of its extent, is arable. The seats
are Fotheringham and Kincaldrum ; and
the antiquities are several tumuli and
remains of a Roman camp. The public
school has capacity for 120 scholars.

INVERARNAN, hotel in foot of Glen-
falloch, near head of Loch Lomond.

INVERARY, town, ducal mansion, and
parish in east centre of Argyleshire. The
town stands on west side of Loch Fyne,
30 miles by shortest route north-west of
Greenock ; succeeded a previous town of
14th century, situated on different ground,
and erased about 1745 ; ranks as the
capital of Argyleshire, a seat of justiciary
courts, and a royal burgh, uniting with
Oban, Campbelton, Ayr, and Irvine in
sending a member to Parliament ; com-
mands, for tourists, a great extent of rich
surrounding scenery ; consists chiefly of
large, well-built houses ; and has a head
post office with all departments, 2 bank-
ing offices, 2 hotels, a steamboat quay, a
court-house, a beautiful ancient stone
cross, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and 2 public
schools. Real property in 1880-81, £3385.
Pop. 864. — The ducal mansion, Inverary
Castle, is the chief seat of the Duke of
Argyle ; stands on Aray rivulet, a little
north of the town ; succeeded a previous
castle on another site, described in Sir
Walter's Scott's Legend of Montrose, and
taken down about 1810 ; was erected in
1745-50 ; suffered damage by fire in 1877
to the value of about £17,500 ; underwent
complete restoration before April 1880 ;

is a spacious quadrangular structure, with
towers and surmounting pavilion ; and
has very extensive and strikingly pictur-
esque grounds. — The parish, in recent
arrangement, comprises only 1019 acres,
but formerly included what is now
called Glenaray parish, and continues,
for most purposes, to include it. Its
length, from north to south, is about
15 miles ; its extent along Loch Fyne is
about 10 miles ; and its breadth is from 3
to 6 miles. Real property in 1880-81 of
the Glenaray part, £5820. Pop. , exclusive
of Glenaray, 1045 ; inclusive of Glenaray,
1700. The coast, in the north and
middle, is flat and sandy ; in the south,
is high and rocky. The interior is hilly
and mountainous, but so diversified in
contour as to abound in picturesqueness.
Part, with pop. of 299, is included in the
quoad sacra parish of Cumlodden.

INVERAVEN, parish, chiefly in Banff-
shire, and partly in Elginshire. It in-
cludes the quoad sacra parish of Glenlivet,
extends thence along right side of Aven
river to the Spey, and contains the post
offices of Glenlivet and Ballindalloch. Its
length is about 20 miles ; its breadth from
3^ to 9 miles ; its area 47,410 acres in
Banffshire, and 1561 in Elginshire. Real
property in 1880-81, £8739 and £938.
Pop., quoad civilia, 2568 ; quoad sacra,
952. The surface includes some arable
land contiguous to the streams, but is
mostly mountainous, moorish, and bleak.
The chief residence is Sir George Mac-
pherson-Grant's seat of Ballindalloch ; and
the chief antiquities are ruins of a noble
hunting-seat, ruins of Drumin Castle, and
remains of three Caledonian stone circles.
The churches are 2 Established, 1 Free,
and 2 Roman Catholic. There are 6 schools
for 711 scholars, and 1 of them and a class-
room for 105 are new.

INVERAVON, estate in Hamilton par-
ish, Lanarkshire.

INVERAVON, Linlithgowshire. See In-

NERAVON.

INVERAWE, seat on Awe river near
Bunawe, Argyleshire.

INVERBEG, place, 3| miles north-north-
west of Luss, Dumbartonshire.

INVERBERVIE. See Bervie.

INVERBROOM, shooting-lodge near
Ullapool, Ross-shire.

INVERBROTHOCK, quoad sacra parish
in Arbroath parish, Forfarshire. It was
constituted in 1854, and it contains a
large Established church, 2 Free churches,
a Wesleyan chapel, and a public school
with about 281 scholars. Pop. 8094.

INVERCANNICH, two hamlets, Easter
and "Wester, 14 miles south-west of
Beauly, Inverness-shire. They have a
post office designated Invercannich by
Beauly.

INVERCANNY, estate in Banchory-Ter-
nan parish, Kincardineshire.

INVERCARRON, estate in Kincardine
parish, Ross-shire.

Q

INV 242 [NY

INVERCARRON, tract around mouth of
Carron river, Kincardineshire.

INVERCAULD, seat, with beautiful
grounds, on the Dee in Braemar, Aber-
deenshire.

INVERCHAOLAIN, parish, partly bound-
ed by east Kyle of Bute and Loch Biddan,
and intersected by Loch Striven, in south
of Cowal, Argyleshire. Its post town is
Greenock. Its length is about 15 miles ;
its greatest breadth 8 miles ; its area
29,312 acres. Beal property in 1880-81,
£5496. Bop. 407. The surface is mostly
rugged and mountainous, but exhibits
some grand scenery, and includes about
1300 acres of arable land. The seats are
Southhall and Knockdow ; and the chief
antiquity is the ruined fort of Ellan-Dheir-
rig. The churches are Established and
Bree, and there are 2 public schools.

INVERCLACHAN, place in south-western
vicinity of Invercannich, Inverness-shire.

INVERCOE, village and seat adjacent to
Ballachulish, Argyleshire.

INVEREARN, seat near Forres, Elgin-
shire.

INVEREBRIE, place in Methlick parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a public school
with about 101 scholars.

INVEREIGHTY, seat in Kinnettles par-
ish, Forfarshire.

INVERERNAN, seat in Strathdon par-
ish, Aberdeenshire.

INVERESHIE, seat in Alvie parish, In-
verness-shire.

INVERESK, village and parish in extreme
north-east of Edinburghshire. The village
stands J mile north-north-west of railway
station of its own name ; crowns a rising-
ground on right side of river Esk, in
southern vicinity of Musselburgh ; and
has charming views, pleasant villas, and
a large, steepled, conspicuous parochial
church on site of Boman fort. Bop.
308. — The parish contains also Mussel-
burgh, Fisherrow, Westpans, Wallyford,
Cowpits, Monktonhall, Stonyhall, Craig-
hall, and part of New Craighall. Its
length is 3| miles ; its greatest breadth 3|-
miles ; its area 5155 acres. Beal property of
landward parts in 1880-81, £25,594. Bop.,
quoad civilia, 10,536 ; quoad sacra, 5133.
A. broad belt of downs forms the north
border on Firth of Forth ; a hill-ridge,
not higher than about 540 feet above sea-
level, forms the eastern border; the vale
of river Esk lies along the centre ; and the
rest of the surface is diversified by gentle
rising-grounds and undulations. Coal has
been worked from remote times. Chief
seats are Binkie, New Hailes, Monkton,
Stonyhill, Binkieburn, and Carberry ;
places of historical interest are Binkie
battlefield and Carberry Hill ; and
numerous antiquities are in and near
Musselburgh. The churches are 3 Estab-
lished, 1 Free, 2 United Bresbyterian, 1
Congregational, and 1 Episcopalian. There
are 10 schools for 1582 scholars, and 2 of
them for 595 are new.

INVEREWE, place adjacent to Boolewe,
Boss-shire.

INVEREY, seat near Banchory, Kincar-
dineshire.

INVERFARIGAG, place at mouth of
Farigag rivulet, near middle of Loch Ness,
Inverness- shire. It has a post office under
Inverness.

INVERFOLLA, place, with prostrate
ancient obelisk, in Strath of Appin,
Argyleshire.

INVERGARRY, hamlet at mouth of
Glengarry, 1\ miles north-west of Fort-
Augustus, Inverness-shire. It has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Inverness-shire,
a banking office, an inn, and a public
school ; and near it are Invergarry House
and Invergarry Castle, the latter the
ancient seat of the chieftain of clan Mac-
donell, a five-storey structure, burnt by
the Duke of Cumberland in 1746, and now
a mere shell.

INVERGORDON, seaport town on Crom-
arty Firth, 12| miles north-east-by-north
of Dingwall, Boss-shire. It is well-built,
publishes a weekly newspaper, carries on
much commerce, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Boss-shire, a railway
station, 2 banking offices, 3 hotels, a good
harbour, Established and Free churches,
and a public school. Bop. 1092. In-
vergordon Castle, a seat with charming
grounds, is a little to the west.

INVERGOWRIE, village and ancient
parish in south-western extremity of For-
farshire. The village stands on small bay
of its name, 3 miles west of Dundee, has a
railway station and a small harbour, con-
tains the ruins and cemetery of a very old
church, and was once a place of royal
embarkation. Invergowrie House is in
the vicinity. The parish is now part of Liff.

INVERIE, hamlet and curious Highland
mansion on north side of Loch Nevis,
Inverness-shire. The hamlet has a post
office under Broadford, an inn, and a
public school.

INVERINATE, hamlet, public school,
and small bay in Kintail parish, Ross-
shire. The hamlet has a post office under
Lochalsh.

INVERKEILOR, village and parish on
east coast of Forfarshire. The village
stands on Lunan rivulet, 6 miles north-by-
east of Arbroath. — The parish contains
also five hamlets, and the post office of
Chance Inn. Its length is 1\ miles ; its
greatest breadth 4 \ miles ; its area 10,240
acres. Beal property in 1880-81, £17,922.
Bop. , quoad civilia, 1671 ; qxioad sacra,
1311. The coast is flat and sandy
round Lunan Bay, and high and rocky
thence to the south. The seaboard, in
the north, is a sloping bank of arable land ;
in the south, is an ascent from the high
rocky coast ; in the middle, is low and
level ; and the interior, all westward from
the seaboard, is low, level, and fertile.

INV

243

INV

The chief residence is the Earl of North-
esk's seat of Ethie Castle ; and the chief
antiquity is the venerable old ruin of
Kedcastle. The churches are Established
and Free. The western section is included
in Friockheim quoad sacra parish ; and the
other sections have 2 schools for 266
scholars.

INVERKEITHING, town and parish on
south-west coast of Fife. The town stands
on small bay of its own name, 4 miles
south-east of Dunfermline ; dates from
ancient times ; presents a renovated ap-
pearance ; ranks as a seaport and a royal
burgh ; unites with Dunfermline, Queens-
ferry, Culross, and Stirling in sending a
member to Parliament ; carries on con-
siderable trade and commerce ; and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Fifeshire,
a railway station, a banking office, a
pretty good harbour, a town hall, a
corn market, Established and United
Presbyterian churches, a large public
school, and sites of two ancient mon-
asteries. Real property in 1880-81,
£4689. Pop. 1646.— The parish contains
also Parknook and Hillend villages,
small part of Limekilns, and the islets of
Inchgarvie and Bimar. Its length, ex-
clusive of the islets, is 5£ miles ; its great-
est breadth less than Lj mile ; its area
4482 acres. Real property in 1880-81 of
landward parts, £8774. Pop., quoad
civilia, 2565; quoad sacra, 2506. The
surface consists of a low hill-range in the
south, a rising-ground in the north, and
valley between, and is mostly in a high
state of cultivation. A chief object of
interest is Rosyth Castle. There are 3
schools for 544 scholars, and 2 of them for
374 are new.

INVERKEITHNIE, village and parish on
north-east border of Banffshire. The
village stands on the river Deveron, 7
miles west-south- west of Turriff, and has
a post office under Turriff, a parochial
church, and a public school. — The parish
measures 6 miles by 5, and comprises 7641
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £6080.
Pop. 909. The surface is diversified by
hill and dale, and fully three-fourths of it
are arable. There are 2 schools for 230
scholars, and 1 of them for 100 is
new.

INVERKINDY, place on the Don, at
mutual border of Strathdon and Towie
parishes, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Aberdeen.

INVERKINLAS, place on Loch Etive, 6
miles above Bunawe, Argyleshire.

INVERKIP. See Innerkip.

INVERKIRKAIG, place, with waterfall
at mouth of rivulet, on the coast a little
south of Lochinver, Sutherland.

INVERLAEL, seat near UUapool, Ross-
shire.

INVERLEITH, northern suburb of Edin-
burgh. It contains the Botanic Garden.
INVERLEVEN. See Dubbieside.

INVERLOCHY, two castles, ancient and
modern, in south-west end of Great Glen,
Inverness-shire. The ancient castle stands
on Lochy river, 1^ mile north-east of Fort-
William; is fabled to have been a royal
palace amid a great ancient city of Pic-
tavia ; seems to have really been erected
by the English in the time of Edward I. as
a partizan stronghold ; was a great quad-
rangular structure, with round towers at
the corners and an encompassing deep
wide fosse; and is now a very striking
ruin. The modern castle stands 2 miles
north-east of the ruin, and is the seat of
Lord Abinger. The battle of Inverlochy,
fought in 1645, is narrated, with some
variation, in Sir Walter Scott's Legend of
Montrose.

INVERMARK, roofless castle of 1526 in
centre of Lochlee parish, Forfarshire.

INVERMAY, modern mansion and ruined
ancient tower, amid the 'Birks of Inver-
may ' of popular song, in Forteviot parish,
Perthshire.

INVERMORISTON, hamlet and seat at
mouth of Glenmoriston, 7 miles north-
east of Fort-Augustus, Inverness-shire.
The hamlet has an inn and a public school.

INVERNAHAVEN, battlefield between
the Mackintoshes and the Camerons, in
time of James I., 6 miles south-west of
Kingussie, Inverness-shire.

INVERNEIL, seat in South Knapdale
parish, Argyleshire.

INVERNESS, town and parish on north-
east border of Inverness-shire. The town
stands on the river Ness, adjacent to
junction of Moray and Beauly Firths, 108^
miles west-by-north of Aberdeen; com-
prises old town on the right bank and new
town on the left ; occupies low ground
amid richly diversified and highly pictur-
esque environs ; claims an origin prior to
the Christian era, but does not come into
view till the times of the Pictavian king-
dom, and seems to have been of small con-
sequence till the times of the early Scoto-
Saxon kings ; possessed long a great pala-
tial castle erected by Malcolm Canmore ;
figured much in the wars of the Succes-
sion, in the contests of the Crown with
the Lords of the Isles, and in provincial
convulsions north of the Grampians ; was
the headquarters of the Jacobites through-
out the rebellion of 1745-46 ; had anciently
two monasteries and a Lady chapel, obli-
terated as building material for a great
pentagonal fort, erected by Oliver Crom-
well at a cost of £80,000 ; retains a sou-
venir of that fort in what is now called the
citadel, contiguous to the harbour ; had,
till recent times, a peculiar aspect and
peculiar manners, but became perfectly
assimilated in character to the best pro-
vincial towns in the Lowlands ; and, since
about 1850 but specially since 1864, has
undergone great architectural and economi-
cal improvement. It now exhibits much
neatness and beauty, extends about a
mile beyond both banks of the river,

INV

244

INV

contains a good aggregate of imposing
public buildings, and presents strong
attractions to tourists and to incoming
wealthy residents ; it ranks as a head sea-
port, a royal and parliamentary burgh, a
seat of justiciary courts, the political capi-
tal of Inverness-shire, and the nominal
capital of the Highlands ; it unites with
Fortrose, Nairn, and Forres in sending a
member to Parliament ; it publishes 2
newspapers thrice a week, 2 others weekly,
and 2 magazines monthly; and it has a
head post office with all departments, a
railway station, the head office of the
Caledonian Bank, offices of 7 other banks,
3 large hotels and 6 lesser ones, 3 Estab-
lished churches, 5 Free churches, an Epis-
copalian cathedral, Episcopalian, United
Presbyterian, Wesleyan, and Roman Cath-
olic churches, an academy, a collegiate
school, 4 primary public schools, a free
public library, an infirmary, a lunatic
asylum, and a number of miscellaneous
institutions.

The County Buildings were erected in
1835 at a cost of £7500. The New Town
Hall was erected in 1877-80 at a cost of
£10,000. The New Barracks, about a mile
from the town, were projected in 1877, to
cost not less than £60,000. The Caledonian
Bank is an elegant recent edifice, somewhat
resembling the Commercial Bank in Edin-
burgh. The Railway Station and Hotel were
erected in 1876 at a cost of about £12,600,
and extended in 1881 at a cost of £6000.
The Suspension Bridge, the main com-
munication between the old town and the
new, was erected in 1855-56 at a cost of
more than £26,000. The Established West
church, the Free High and East churches,
the Episcopalian and Roman Catholic
churches are modern and handsome. The
Episcopalian cathedral was erected in
1866-71, is highly ornamental, and has two
spires 200 feet high. The Academy is a
large well-endowed structure of 1792. The
Infirmary was erected in 1804, and com-
prises large centre and two wings. The
Lunatic Asylum, about 1^ mile south-west
of the town, was erected in 1857, at a cost
of £45,000. The Post Office, the Highland
Club, the Imperial Hotel, the Young
Men's Christian Association Buildings,
and some other edifices are recent and
ornamental. The new waterworks, draw-
ing from a lake fully 6 miles distant, and
capable of yielding 70 gallons per in-
habitant per day, were opened in December
1877. The port has jurisdiction eastward
to mouth of the Spey, northward up
Dornoch Firth to Bonar-Bridge, south-
westward to Fort-William, and northward
thence round Skye to Rhustore. The
vessels belonging to it at end of 1879 were
119 sailing vessels of 10,654 tons,
and 6 steam vessels of 658 tons. Those
which entered in 1879 were 2786 British
vessels of 295,033 tons, and 73 foreign
vessels of 14,088 tons ; and those which
cleared were 2719 British vessels of

291,157 tons, and 69 foreign vessels of
13,145 tons. Real property in 1880-81,
£76,559. Pop. 17,365.

The parish contains also the suburb of
Clachnaharry and the villages of Balloch,
Culcabock, Hilton, Resandrie, and Smith-
town. Its length is about 14 miles ; its
mean breadth about 1\ miles ; its area
23,573 acres. Real property in 1880-81 of
landward part, £26,667. Pop. of the
whole, 21,725. The surface consists of
the north - easternmost portion of the
Great Glen, together with the terminal
parts of that glen's hill-screens. This por-
tion of the glen is rich valley, mostly low
and smooth, but pleasantly diversified by
terrace and hillock. Tomnahurich, an iso-
lated diluvial eminence, about a mile south-
west of the town, is adorned with wood, and
has a large ornamental recent cemetery.
Craigphadrick, the acclivitous termination
of the north-west hill flank, about 2 miles
west of the town, has a tabular summit at
a height of 1150 feet, and is crowned by
an extensive double-walled vitrified fort.
Chief seats are Muirtown, Raigmore,
Darochville, Dochfour, and Culloden ;
and chief antiquities, additional to those
already noticed, are an ancient Caledonian
stone circle, traces of ancient Caledonian
fortifications, and three cairns. 24 schools
for 3955 scholars are in the parish, and 6 of
them and an enlargement for 1200 are new.

INVERNESS-SHIRE, county, compre-
hending part of mainland from head of
Moray Firth south-westward to Deucale-
clonian Sea, all Skye group of Inner
Hebrides, all Outer Hebiides southward
from Lewis-proper, and the tiny distant
isle-group of St. Kilda. The mainland
part measures 94 miles in length, 56 miles
in greatest breadth, and 4255 square miles
in area ; is bisected lengthwise by the
Great Glen ; and contains the western
portion of Moray province, the sections of
Aird, Strathglass, Glenurquhart, Glen-
moriston, Glengarry, and Glenarchaig,
and the districts of Badenoch, Lochaber,
Moydart, Arasaig, Morar, Knoydart, and
Glenelg. The north-eastern section for a
few miles round Inverness onward to
north-eastern extremity is low country,
mostly fertile and ornate ; but nearly all
the rest consists of lofty mountains, with
intersections of straths or deep glens, and
interspersions of wild moors. The moun-
tains either include or adjoin the loftiest
summits in Scotland, have many diver-
sities of contour and arrangement, and
exhibit in the aggregate great force of
feature ; and the straths and glens, for the
most part, abound in charms of wood,
water, and cultivation. Chief fresh-water
lakes are Ness, Oich, and Lochy in Great
Glen ; Laggan and Treig in Lochaber ;
Insch in Badenoch ; Clunie in Glenmoris-
ton ; Quoich and Garry in Glengarry ; Ar-
chaig in Glenarchaig ; Monar, Banchran,
Miulie, Molardich, Affrick, and Beneveian
in Strathglass ; Morar between Morar and

INY

245

ION

Arasaig, and Shiel on boundary with
Argyleshire. Chief rivers are the Spey in
Badenoch, the Spean in Lochaber, the
Ness and the Lochy in respectively the
north-east and south-west of Great Glen,
the Beauly and its head-streams in Strath-
glass, the upper parts of the Nairn and
the Findhorn in the north-east, the Dul-
nain running through Duthil to the Spey,
and the streams traversing the chief lateral
glens. The chief sea-lochs are Hourn,
between Glenelg and Knoydart ; Nevis,
between Knoydart and Arasaig; Aylort,
between Arasaig and Moydart ; and Eil
and Leven, on boundary with Argyleshire.
Old red sandstone prevails in the north-
eastern tract of low country, and is mostly
covered with fertile soil ; but granite,
trap, and metamorphic rocks prevail in
the mountains and glens, and have small
economical value. Agriculture is well
practised in the low tracts ; sea-fishing is
plied on the coasts ; and the rearing of
bovine cattle and sheep is the chief occu-
pation in the uplands. The principal
islands are Skye, Raasay, Rum, Eigg,
Harris, North Uist, Benbecula, South
Uist, and Barra, and will be found noticed
in their respective alphabetical places.
Places notable in the history of the High-
land clans, and antiquities of the ancient
Caledonian times, are numerous. The
only town with more than 14,000 inhabi-
tants is Inverness ; the only other one
with more than 1000 is Fort-William ; and
the only villages with more than 300 in-
habitants are Beauly, Campbelton, Por-
tree, Kingussie, and Newtonmore. Real
property in 1880-81, £342,948. Pop. in
1871, 87,531 ; in 1881, 90,414.

INVERNETTY, seat near Peterhead,
Aberdeenshire.

INVERNOCHTY, place, with abrupt
conical mound, supposed to have been the
site of an ancient church, in Strathdon
parish, Aberdeenshire.

INVERORAN, inn on Loch Tolla, in
Glenorchy parish, Argyleshire.

INVERQUEICH, ruined castle, thought
to have been a royal hunting-seat, in
Alyth parish, Perthshire.

INVERQUHARITY, strong, old, well-
preserved four-storey castle, 3 miles north-
east of Kirriemuir, Forfarshire.

INVERSANDA, seat, 4 miles west of
Corran Ferry, in Ardgour district, Argyle-
shire.

INVERSHIN, hamlet, 5£ miles south of
Lairg, Sutherland. It has a post office
designated of Sutherlandshire, a railway
station, and a public school.

INVERSNAID, burn, ruined fort, and
hamlet in extreme north-west of Stirling-
shire. The burn issues from Loch Arklet,
runs 3 miles westward to Loch Lomond
at 6 miles from the lake's head, and
makes, in immediate vicinity of the
lake, a fine cascade of 30 feet. The
fort crowns a rising-ground adjacent to
the burn, 2 miles west of Loch Arklet,

and was erected in 1713 to overawe the
Macgregors. The hamlet lies at the
burn's mouth ; is the point of communi-
cation from Loch Lomond to Loch
Katrine ; and has a steamboat pier and
a hotel.

INVERTIEL, suburb and quoad sacra
parish on south coast of Fife. The
suburb adjoins south end of Kirkcaldy ;
is sometimes called West-Bridge ; belongs
to Kinghorn quoad civilia parish ; and
has an Established church and a Free
church. The quoad sacra parish includes
also part of Abbotshall. Pop. 2023.

INVERTROSSACHS, seat on south side
of Loch Vennachoir, in Callander parish,
Perthshire.

INVERUGIE, railway station, small
village, and ruined splendid castle of
the Earls Marischal, on the coast 2
miles north of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire.

INVERUGIE, seat in Duffus parish,
Elginshire.

INVERUGLAS, seat and small bay on
west side of Loch Lomond, 3J miles
north-by-west of Luss.

INVERURY, town and parish in Garioch
district, Aberdeenshire. The town stands
at conflux of the Ury and the Don, 17
miles north-west of Aberdeen ; includes
Port-Elphinstone suburb, on Kintore side
of the Don ; is a royal burgh, alleged to
date from the time of Robert Bruce ;
unites with Peterhead, Kintore, Banff,
Cullen, and Elgin in sending a member
to Parliament ; presents a straggling, ill-
constructed appearance ; and has a head
post office with all departments, a railway
station, 3 banking offices, good modern
bridges, Established, Free, Congregational,
Wesleyan, Episcopalian, and Roman
Catholic churches, 3 public schools, and
2 other schools. The Bass adjacent to it
has been separately noticed. Real property
in 1880-81, £8845. Pop. 2931.— The parish
measures about 4 miles by 3, and com-
prises 4946 acres. Real property of land-
ward part in 1880-81, £4342. Pop. 3038.
The surface includes about 1000 acres of
haugh and vale adjacent to the rivers,
and rises gradually thence into three hills,
with intervening hollows.

INVERWICK. See Innerwick.

INVERY, estate in Banchory-Ternan
parish, Kincardineshire.

INWEARY, burn, running to the Forth,
on west boundary of Abercromby parish,
Fife.

IONA, village, island, and quoad sacra
parish in Mull group of Hebrides. The
village stands on east coast of the island,
near south-western extremity of Mull, 47|
miles west-south-west of Oban, and has a
post office under Oban, and a hotel. — The
island measures about 3^ miles in length,
and about l£ in greatest breadth ; is
variously low, tumulated, and moorish,
with an abrupt hill, about 330 feet high ;
and contains quartz, dolomite, and ser-
pentine. It was famous, from 563 or 565

IOK 246

till beginning of 8th century, for the
evangelizing establishment of Columba
and his Culd.ee successors ; it afterwards
suffered severe injuries by invasions of
Norsemen and Picts; it became notable
again, in 1203 and following years, by
erection on it of Roman Catholic establish-
ments ; and it long figured, in connection
with these, as the seat of a diocese, a
resort of pilgrims, and a venerated burying-
place. The site of the Culdee establish-
ment was on its west shore, retains no
vestige of buildings, and is very rarely
visited. The site of the Eoman Catholic
establishments is on the east shore, ad-
jacent to the village, retains ruins of the
buildings, and numerous curious old tomb-
stones, and is popularly identified with
the Culdee history, and visited by multi-
tudes as a place of joint interest with
Staffa, in steamboat circular route around
Mull. The ruins include a cathedral, two
chapels, and two carved crosses, and were
extensively restored in 1874-75. Pop. of
the island, 243. — The quoad sacra parish
includes part of Mull, and has Established
and Free churches and a public school.
Pop. 709.

IORSA, rivulet running about 7 miles
south-westward to Mauchray Bay, Arran
Island, Buteshire.

IRELAND, headland, with remains of
church, on west coast of Dunrossness
parish, Shetland.

IRISHLAW, lofty hill in Largs parish,
Ayrshire.

IRON, long insulated rock, visible only
at low-water, about a mile from Brown
Head, on south coast of Arran Island,
Buteshire.

IRONGATH, hill, with extensive view, 1J
mile north of Linlithgow.

IRONGRAY. See Kiekpateick-Ieon-

GEAT.

IRONMACCANINE, place, with public
school, in Balmaclellan parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

IRONSHILL, eminence in Inverkeilor
parish, Forfarshire.

IRVINE, river, town, and parish in
Ayrshire. The river rises at watershed
with Lanarkshire, runs 21 miles westward
between Cunningham and Kyle to the
Firth of Clyde, and has there a joint
mouth with the Garnock in the lagoon of
Irvine harbour. — The town stands on
north side of that mouth, 6| miles west of
Kilmarnock ; includes Fullarton suburb
on south side within Dundonald parish ;
made some figure in the wars of Robert
Bruce ; ranks now as a seaport, a seat of
manufacture, and a royal burgh ; unites
with Ayr, Campbelton, Inverary, and
Oban in sending a member to Parliament ;
presents a pleasant, well-built appearance ;
publishes two weekly newspapers ; gave
the title of viscount, from 1661 till 1778,
to the family of Ingram ; and has a head
post office with all departments, a railway
station adjacent to six-arched viaduct, 4

ISL

banking offices, 2 hotels, a ruined town
mansion of the Earls of Eglinton, a town
hall, waterworks of 1878 constructed at
a cost of £40,000, 2 Established churches,
2 Free churches, 2 United Presbyterian
churches, Baptist and Roman Catholic
churches, an academy, 3 primary public
schools, and an industrial school. Real
property in 1880-81, £13,436. Pop. 8498.
— The parish measures 4J miles by 3^, and
comprises 3930 acres. Real property of
landward part in 1879-80, £13,308. Pop.
of the whole, 6013. The surface is partly
low, partly ascending but not hilly, and
includes a large portion of Eglinton Castle
park. The only mansion is Bourtreehill,
and the chief antiquity is Stone Castle.
There are 8 schools for 1966 scholars, and
1 of them for 500 is new.

IRVING, ancient parish, now part of
Kirkpatrick-Fleming, Dumfriesshire.

ISA, islet in Duirinish parish, Skye,
Inverness-shire.

ISEVAULE, hill, 808 feet high, on south
coast of South Uist, Outer Hebrides.

ISHOL, islet adjacent to south-west
coast of Islay, Argyleshire.

ISHOL, islet in Loch Linnhe, Argyleshire.

ISHOUR, lake in Durness parish, Suther-
land.

ISLA, river of Forfarshire and Perth-
shire. It rises at west extremity of
Benchinnan Mountains, runs 17 miles
south-south-eastward to Strathmore, and
proceeds thence 11 miles south-westward
to the Tay in vicinity of Cargill. The
upper half of it is grandly picturesque ;
the lower half charmingly beautiful.

ISLA, small river, chiefly of Banffshire
and partly on boundary with Aberdeen-
shire. It rises in the south of Botriphnie
parish ; runs about 15 miles semicircularly,
with convexity to the north ; and falls into
the Deveron at 4f miles north of Huntly.

ISLAY, chief island of southernmost
group of Inner Hebrides. It lies 17 miles
west of Kintyre ; is divided by Islay
Sound, little more than a mile wide, from
Jura ; measures 25 miles from north to
south, and 20 miles from east to west ;
converges, in the north, on lines like two
sides of an equilateral triangle ; and is
bisected, in the south up to the centre,
by Lochindaal. The coast, in the south-
west, forms very lofty cliffs ; in part of
the north-west is cavernous ; elsewhere is
variously sandy beach, low diluvial land,
and abrupt low rock. The interior has
neither lofty mountains nor low plains,
yet shows much diversity of surface, pre-
sents some pleasing scenery, and includes
about 60 square miles of bog. Ten, if not
more, distilleries of whisky were formerly on
the island, and carried on their operations
duty free ; but only seven, four of them
very extensive, were on it in 1879. Islay
whisky possesses a peculiar flavour, thought
to be derived from the peat used in the
distilleries ; and it is extensively exported.
The island contains the villages of Bow-

ISL

247

JED

more, Bridgend, Port-Charlotte, Portna-
haven, Port-Ellen, and Port-Askaig ; is
divided into 3 parishes quoad civilia, and
3 more quoad sacra ; and contains 4 post
offices, 2 banking offices, 6 Established
churches, 5 Free churches, and a Baptist
chapel. Pop. 7559.

ISLE MARTIN, small island, 5 miles
north-west of Ullapool, Ross-shire.

ISLE OF BENLEVEN. See Benleven.

ISLE OF LOCHAR, hill-ridge, more than
^ mile long, consisting wholly of sea sand,
in middle of Lochar Moss, Dumfriesshire.

ISLE OF MAY, island in mouth of Firth
of Forth, 6 miles south-south-east of Crail,
Fife. It measures about 1 mile in length
and f mile in breadth; has precipitous
coasts about 160 feet high, and a flattish
surface ; and contains a ruined ancient
proiry, and two lighthouses with fixed
lights visible at the distances of 16 and 22
nautical miles. Pop. 10.

ISLE OF WHITHORN, seaport village, 3J
miles south-east of Whithorn, Wigton-
shire. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Wigtonshire, a Free church, and
vestiges of a very ancient small church.
Pop. 343.

ISLE ORONSAY, place on coast of Skye,
6 miles south-west of Glenelg, Inverness-
shire. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Broadford,. a small inn, and a fine natural
harbour.

ISLE ORONSAY, islet adjacent to north
coast of North Uist Island, Outer Heb-
rides. Pop. 25.

ISLE TANERAY, largest of Summer
Islands, Boss-shire.

ISLE TOLL, place near Auldgirth railway
station, Dumfriesshire. It has a post office
under Dumfries.

ISSAY, island in Dunvegan Bay, Isle of
Skye.

ITHAN. See Ythan.

ITLAW, place in Alvah parish, Banff-
shire. It has a post office under Banff.

IVYBANK, seat in Nairn parish, Nairn-
shire.

JACKSON, hill in St. Cyrus parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

JACKTON, village in East Kilbride,
Lanarkshire.

JAMES (ST.), ancient parish, now an-
nexed to Kelso, Roxburghshire.

JAMES (ST.), parish, with Established
and Free churches, in east of Glasgow.
Pop., quoad sacra, 5662.

JAMES (ST.), quoad sacra parish on the
Clyde at and around Clydebank. See
Clydebank.

JAMES (ST.), Forfarshire. See Forpae-
St. James.

JAMESTON, village in Contin parish,
Ross-shire.

JAMESTON, village, 9 miles north-west
of Langholm, Dumfriesshire.

JAMESTOWN, town and quoad sacra
parish in Dumbartonshire. The town
stands in upper part of Vale of Leven, f
mile south-south-east of Balloch, and has
a post office designated of Dumbarton-
shire, a railway station, extensive print-
works, a steepled church of 1869, and a
public school with about 388 scholars.
Pop. of the town, 2170; of the quoad
sacra parish, 2925.

JAMIMA. See Jemima.

JANEFIELD, seat in Kirkcudbright
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

JANETOWN, village on Loch Carron,
4 miles north-east of Strome Ferry, Ross-
shire. It has a good inn, and is the
parochial centre of Lochcarron parish.

JANETSTOWN, hamlet in Thurso parish,
Caithness. It has a post office under
Thurso, and a public school with about
80 scholars.

JARDINE HALL, seat of Sir Alexander
Jardine, Bart., on the river Annan, 4^
miles north-north-west of Lockerby, Dum-
friesshire.

JEANTOWN. See Janetown.

JED, small river of Roxburghshire. It
rises on one of the central Cheviots, and
runs about 18 miles northward to the
Teviot at 2g miles north of Jedburgh.

JEDBURGH, town and parish in Rox-
burghshire. The town stands on Jed
river, midway between Hawick and Kelso,
46 miles by road, but 56 by railway, south-
east of Edinburgh ; dates from early part
of 9th century ; had a great ancient castle,
both a frequent residence of the Scoto-
Saxon kings and a powerful Border
fortalice ; contained or commanded nume-
rous peel towers and camps for co-operating
with the castle against invaders ; figured
both near and far by the action of its
townsmen in many a Border conflict ;
suffered devastation several times by the
English, but always recovered or increased
its force ; glided toward decay in the
times subsequent to the National Union ;
rose into modern prosperity partly by
adoption of woollen manufacture, partly
by other causes ; ranks now as the
political capital of Roxburghshire and
the seat of justiciary courts for the south-
eastern counties ; unites with Lauder,
Haddington, Dunbar, and North Berwick
in sending a member to Parliament;
publishes 2 weekly newspapers ; and has
a head post office with all departments,
a terminal railway station, 5 banking
offices, 2 hotels, a county hall, a county
prison, a large well-preserved portion of
an ancient abbey, a parochial church,
a Free church, 2 United Presbyterian
churches, Evangelical Union, Episco-
palian, and Roman Catholic churches, a
large public school, and a museum. Its
site is a skirt of the Dunian, adjoining
a low dell of the Jed, between bold hill-
masses and a i*ich expanse of valley south-
ward to the Cheviots. Its principal street
ascends about \ mile to the aggregate

JED

248

JOH

elevation of 170 feet, and is intersected
near the middle by a spacious market-
place. Its houses show much variety,
from ancient to new, and from mean to
elegant ; and one of them, in a back
street, is a large, strong, three-storey
edifice, which was occupied for a short
time by Queen Mary. The county hall
adjoins the market-place, and is a neat
large structure of 1812. The county
prison stands at the town head, occupies
the site of the ancient castle, and is a
massive, castellated, conspicuous edifice
of 1823. The abbey overlooks the Jed's
dell ; was founded by David I. for canons-
regular ; had extensive buildings, great
wealth, and powerful influence ; is now
represented by the west front, the central
tower, the north transept, most of the
nave, and part of the choir of its church ;
and these recently underwent interior
clearance and renovation, and possess
strong interest for antiquaries and artists.
The parochial church was erected in
1872-75, at a cost of about £11,000, and
is cruciform, steepled, and early pointed.
The school board resolved in 1880 to take
down the Grammar School, and to erect
a new school and offices on its site. Real
property of the town in 1880-81, £12,877.
Pop. 3402. — The parish contains also the
villages of Bongate, Bonjedward, Lanton,
and Ulston ; and it consists of two sections,
separated about a mile from each other by
a wing of Oxnam. Its length, measured
across that wing, is 10^ miles ; its greatest
breadth is 4§ miles ; and its area is 22,535
acres. Real property of landward part in
1880-81, £25,811. Pop. of the whole,
quoad civilia, 5147: quoad sacra, 4917. The
southern part is hilly and mountainous ;
the middle parts are rich valley, flanked
by rising-grounds, with many intersect-
ing ravines ; and the northern part is a
diversity of hill and dale. The seats are
Hartrigge, Jedfoot, Jerdonfield, Langlee,
Bonjedward, Gilliestongues, Glenburn,
Lintalee, Hundalee, Hunthill, Jedbank,
Scaurs, Samieston, and Edgerston ; chief
antiquities are Ftsrniehirst Castle, Lanton
and Timpandean Towers, a reach of Roman
road, a Roman camp, a fine circular camp,
traces of four other ancient camps, and sites
of eight Border peels ; and curious objects
are three caves and two great oaks. A quoad
sacra parochial church is at Edgerston.
Three schools, all new, are in the land-
ward part, and have capacity for 240
scholars.

JEDFOOT-BRIDGE, railway station, 1\
mile north of Jedburgh, Roxburghshire.

JEFFRIES CORSE, mountain, 2004 feet
high, 7 miles north-north-east of Peebles.

JELLYBRANDS, estate, with public
school, in Fetteresso parish, Kincardine-
shire.

JEMIMA, village in Resolis parish,
Ross-shire.

JERDONFIELD, seat in Jedburgh parish,
Roxburghshire.

JERICHO, hamlet on south-west border
of Tinwald parish, Dumfriesshire.

JERVISTON, seat in Bothwell parish,
Lanarkshire.

JERVISWOOD, decayed old castellated
mansion on Mouse rivulet, near Lanark.

JOCK'S GILL, ravine in Carluke parish,

JOCK'S LODGE, village, If mile east-by-
north of General Post Office, Edinburgh.
It contains Piershill cavalry barracks, and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Edinburgh,
and a public school of centre and wings
erected in 1880. Pop. 1046.

JOHN, one of the Ochil Hills, south-
south-west of Craierossie, Perthshire.
JOHN KNOX. See Knox.
JOHN LEGG'S WELL, medicinal spring
in Fordyce parish, Banffshire.

JOHN - 0' - GROAT'S - HOUSE, quondam
curious habitation, built in early part of
16th century, but now represented by only
grassy mound, 1\ mile west-south-west of
Duncansby Head, Caithness.

JOHN (ST. ), parish, with Established and
Free churches, in Old Town, Edinburgh.
Pop. 2446.

JOHN (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in South
Leith, Edinburghshire. Pop. 3867.

JOHN (ST.), parish, with Established and
Free churches, in east of Glasgow. Pop.
quoad sacra, 24,566.

JOHN (ST.), parish, with Established and
Free churches, in Dundee. Pop. quoad
sacra, 6032.

JOHN'S CLACHAN (ST.). See Dalby,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

JOHNSHAVEN, small seaport town, 4
miles south-south-west of Bervie, Kincar-
dineshire. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Fordoun, a railway station, 3 inns, Free and
United Presbyterian churches, and a public
school with about 92 scholars. Pop. 1039.

JOHNSON'S, coast cave at south-western
extremity of Stromness parish, Orkney.

JOHNSTON, seat, with extensive view,
in Laurencekirk parish, Kincardineshire.

JOHNSTON, lake in east end of Cadder
parish, Lanarkshire.

JOHNSTONE, town and quoad sacra
parish in Renfrewshire. The town stands
on the Black Cart, at end of Paisley
Canal, Z\ miles west-by-south of Paisley ;
was founded in 1781, on a regular plan, as a
seat of manufacture; comprises two squares,
intersecting streets, and two small suburbs ;
contains cotton factories, foundries, and
other industrial establishments ; publishes
4 weekly newspapers ; and has a head post
office with money order and telegraph de-
partments, a railway station, 4 banking
offices, a public hall, an Established church
built in 1793 and repaired in 1877, a Free
church, 2 United Presbyterian churches,
Episcopalian and Roman Catholic churches,
and 3 large public schools. Pop. of the
town, 9267 ; of the quoad sacra parish,

JOH

249

KAM

9201. Johnstone Castle, about a mile
south-east of the town, is an elegant
modern mansion.

JOHNSTONE, parish with church 7 miles
north-north-west of Lockerby, Dumfries-
shire. It contains Johnstone-Bridge post
office, measures 7 miles by 5h, and comprises
13,490 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£8316. Pop. 1002. The surface is bounded
on the east by the river Annan down to
influx of the Kinnel ; includes considerable
extent of flat alluvial land along the
Annan ; forms a ridge of from about 150
to about 750 feet high behind that flat
land ; then descends slowly to lower level,
and afterwards rises to heights of more
than 1200 feet in the extreme west. The
chief residence is Raehills, and the chief
antiquity is Lochwood Tower. The
churches are Established and Free, and
the public school has about 115 scholars.

JOHNSTONE-BRIDGE, place in John-
stone parish, with post office under
Lockerby, Dumfriesshire.

JOHNSTONE CASTLE. See JOHNSTONE,
Renfrewshire.

JOPPA, suburban village at east end of
Portobello, Edinburghshire. It is a water-
ing-place, and has a railway station and a
chalybeate spring. Pop. 391.

JOPPA, village in Coylton parish, Ayr-
shire.

JORDANHILL, seat in north-western
vicinity of Partick suburb of Glasgow.

JORDANSTONE, railway station and seat,
2 miles south-east of Alyth, Perthshire.

JUNCTION ROAD, railway station be-
tween Bonnington and North Leith, Edin-
burghshire.

JUNIPER GREEN, village on Water of
Leith, 4| miles south-west of Edinburgh.
It contains many ornate cottages, and has
a post office under Currie, a railway sta-
tion, a Free church reconstructed in 1880,
and 2 public schools. Pop. 1018.

JURA, sound, island, and parish in
Argyleshire. The sound separates the
island from southern part of Lorn and
greater part of Knapdale ; extends about
18 miles south -south-westward ; widens
from 3| miles near its north end to 8|
miles at its south end ; and sends off,
from its east side, Lochs Crinan, Swin,
and Killisport. — The island extends from
within a mile of Scarba to within a mile of
Islay ; measures about 18 miles in length
and 1\ in extreme breadth ; has a mean
breadth of not more than 2 miles over
about 5 miles toward its north end ; is
nearly bisected, in the middle, by Loch
Tarbert in the west; consists chiefly of
one bleak rugged mountain-ridge; rises,
in its southern section, into three conical
peaks, called Paps of Jura, the loftiest
with an altitude of 2566 feet ; culminates,
in its northern section, in a summit 1482
feet high ; presents, to the west, abrupt
wild declivities, with rocky skirts along
the coast ; graduates downward on the
east to verdant slopes and a belt of plain ;

and contains Lagg village, with post
office under Greenock, Jura House and
Ardlussa mansions, and remains of a large
ancient camp. Pop. 931. — The parish
comprehends also Scarba, Pladda, Lunga,
Garvelloch, Balnahua, and Skervuile is-
lands. Eeal property in 1880-81, £5816.
The places of worship are the parochial
one and a Free Church preaching-station.
The public school has about 67 scholars.

KAIL. See Kale.

KAILZIE, seat and ancient parish in
Peeblesshire. The seat and ruined church
are 3 miles south-east of Peebles ; and the
parish was annexed, in 1674, two-thirds to
Traquair and one-third to Innerleithen.

KAIM, quondam village in Duffus par-
ish, Elginshire.

KAIM, peninsulated rock, with traces of
ancient fort, on coast of St. Cyrus parish,
Kincardineshire.

KAIM, rocky ridge, probably site of
ancient camp, in Newton parish, Edin-
burghshire.

KAIMES, isolated rocky hill, with re-
mains of ancient camp, adjacent to Dal-
mahoy, Edinburghshire.

KAIMES, rocky ridge in Kingoldrum
parish, Forfarshire.

KAIMES, hill and ironworks adjacent to
Muirkirk, Ayrshire.

KAIMES, irregular gravelly ridge, more
than 2 miles long, in Greenlaw parish,
Berwickshire.

KAIMES, seat and low broad gravelly
ridge in Eccles parish, Berwickshire.

KAIMES, small bay at Millport, Big
Cumbray Island, Buteshire.

KAIMES, bay, hill, seat, and ruined
small tower on north-east coast of Bute
Island, Buteshire. The bay is 2^ miles
north-north-west of Rothesay, measures
about 1^ mile across the mouth, and has a
good bathing beach. The hill overlooks
the bay, and commands a splendid view.
The seat is on low ground near the hill,
and consists of a modern edifice adjoined
to an ancient tower.

KAIMESBURGH, or PORT-BANNATYNE,
village on Kaimes Bay, Bute Island. It is
a pleasant small watering-place, and has a
post office under Rothesay, a hotel, and a
Free church. Pop. 632.

KAIR, seat in Arbuthnot parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

KAIRNHILL, mineral field in Old Monk-
land parish, Lanarkshire.

KALE, rivulet of Roxburghshire. It
rises among the Cheviots, and runs about
12 miles northward to vicinity of More-
battle, and thence 6 miles west-north- west-
ward to the Teviot in vicinity of Eckford.

KALLIGRAY. See Calligray.

KAME, rivulet, running 7 miles north-
north-eastward, partly along a picturesque
glen, to the Eden, at 2J miles east of Cupar,
Fife.

KAME, precipice, with colossal natural

KAM

250

KEI

profile resembling that of Sir "Walter Scott,
on north-west coast of Hoy, Orkney.
KAMES. See Kaimes.
KATRINE, lake, partly on mutual border
of Perthshire and Stirlingshire, but mainly
on mutual border of Callander and Aber-
foyle parishes, Perthshire. It commences
at \\ miles east-south-east of head of Loch
Lomond ; extends in sinuous reaches east-
south-eastward to terminal small bay ad-
jacent to west end of Trossachs ; measures
about 8 miles in length, f mile in mean
breadth, and 78 fathomsin maximumdepth;
is closely overhung on the south by Ben-
venue, and overlooked in other directions
by near uplands and a distant mountain
sky-line ; has high shores, with many breaks
of bay and promontory ; contains three
islets near its head, and Ellen's Isle, the
centre of the action of Sir Walter Scott's
Lady of the Lake, near its foot ; possesses
imposing diversified scenery, but exhibits it
in successive pieces, often with striking
change of character ; lies at an elevation of
about 365 feet above sea-level ; gathers vast
supplies of pure water from numerous rills
and burns, and sends off about 90,000,000
of gallons daily to Glasgow waterworks,
opening on it with aqueduct and pier, and
constructed at a cost of £630,000.

KEALLIN, headland and harbour at south-
ern extremity of North Uist, Outer Hebrides.
KEANLOCH. See Ktnloch.
KEARN, ancient parish, now part of
Auchindoir, Aberdeenshire.

KEARVAIG, bay in eastern vicinity of
Cape "Wrath, Sutherland.

KEBAT, small affiuent of the Aven, in
Kirkmichael parish, Banffshire.

KEBOCK, headland, 13 miles south of
Stornoway, Outer Hebrides.

KEELHILL, coal-field in Old Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire.

KEELS, insulated rocks in southern
vicinity of Fair Isle, Shetland.

KEEN, lofty headland on east side of
Unst, Shetland.

KEEN(MOUNT), mountain, 3180 feet high,
at sources of North Esk river, on mutual
border of Forfarshire and Aberdeenshire.

KEENY, small affluent< of North Esk in
Lochlee parish, Forfarshire.
KEESHORN. See Kishorn.
KEIG, parish on left side of the Don in
east - north - eastern vicinity of Alford,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Aberdeen. Its length is about 5| miles ;
its greatest breadth 4 miles ; its area 8059
acres. Keal property in 1880-81, £4431.
Pop. 776. The surface is an assemblage
of haugh, slope, arable acclivity, and high
pastoral upland. A prominent feature is
Lord Forbes' seat of Castle Forbes ; and
chief antiquities are parts of two remark-
able Caledonian stone circles. The churches
are Established and Free. There are 2
schools for 170 scholars, and 1 of them
for 70 is new.

KEIL, estate, with modern mansion,
ruined ancient church, and remarkable

caverns, at southern extremity of Kintyre,
Argyleshire.

KEIL, burn in Largo parish, Fife.

KEILLER'S BRAE, place, with factories,
in Alloa parish, Clackmannanshire.

KEILLOR, estate in Fowlis - "Wester
parish, Perthshire.

KEILLOR, burn in Inverkeillor parish,
Forfarshire.

KEILLOR (HILL OF), village in Newtyle
parish, Forfarshire.

KEILLS, hamlet and promontory be-
tween Loch Swin and Sound of Jura,
Argyleshire. The hamlet has a post office
under Lochgilphead, communicates by
ferry with Lagg in Jura, and is near an
ancient cross and ruined ancient chapel.

KEILOUR, burn, running south-eastward
to the Eden at 3 miles west-south-west of
Cupar, Fife.

KEILS, glen, striking westward from
Largo Law, in Largo parish, Fife.

KEIR, parish, with church 1\ miles
south-west of Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.
Its post town is Thornhill. Its length is
6^ miles ; its greatest breadth 2^ miles ;
its area 7806 acres. Peal property in
1880-81, £6528. Pop. 745. The surface
extends from vicinity of Penpont to vicinity
of Auldgirth Bridge ; is bounded on the
west by a lofty hill watershed ; consists
mostly . of slopes from that watershed to
the Scarr and the Nith ; includes ravines
down that slope and southward heights of
Kilbride and Blackwood ; and, as seen
from vantage - grounds eastward of the
Nith, presents a beautiful appearance.
The seats are Barjarg, Capenoch, and
Blackwood ; and the antiquities are a
standing stone and site of ancient chapel.
There are 2 public schools with about 115
scholars.

KEIR, seat in Lecropt parish, Perthshire.

KEIR, each of five small heights, with
traces of ancient military works, in Kip-
pen parish, Stirlingshire.

KEIR, hill, with site of ancient watch-
tower, in Skene parish, Aberdeenshire.

KEIR, conical hill, with remains of
ancient camp, in Dolphinton parish,
Lanarkshire.

KEIR, hill, with remains of ancient for-
tification, in Gargunnock parish, Stirling-
shire.

KEIRHEAD, eminence, seemingly ancient
military post, in Port-of-Monteith parish,
Perthshire.

KEIRY CRAGS, romantic spot, described
in Sir "Walter Scott's Abbot, in Cleish
parish, Kinross-shire.

KEISGAG, bay, 3 miles south of Cape
Wrath, Sutherland.

KEISS, village and quoad sacra parish
on east coast of Caithness. The village
stands 9 miles north of Wick, and has
a post office under Wick, Established,
Free, and Baptist churches, and a public
school witli about 160 scholars. Pop.
672. Keiss Castle and Keiss House
are in the vicinity, the former a ruined

KEI

251

KEL

ancient fortalice ; the latter a modern
mansion adjoined to a tower of 1757.
Pop. of the quoad sacra parish, 1348.

KEITH, town in Banffshire, and parish
partly also in Elginshire. The town stands
on the river Isla, 13 miles by railway
north-west of Huntly; dates partly from
at least 14th century, partly from middle
of 18th ; consists of three parts, Old
Keith, New Keith, and Fife Keith ; pre-
sents for the most part a well-constructed,
pleasant appearance ; was desiderated at
end of 1880 to have a branch railway from
the Great North of Scotland to Buckie ;
and has a head post office with all depart-
ments, a railway station, 4 banking offices,
a town hall, waterworks of 1879, Estab-
lished, Free, United Presbyterian, Epis-
copalian, and Roman Catholic churches,
and a public school with about 632
scholars. Pop. 4339. — The parish con-
tains Newmills village ; measures about 6
miles in both length and breadth ; and ■
comprises 16,315 acres in Banffshire, and
1880 in Elginshire. Peal property in
1880-81, £19,513 and £1119. Pop. 4732
and 233. The tract along the Isla is
rich corn land, but other tracts have not a
very inviting aspect. A fine cascade, called
Linn of Keith, is on the Isla, near Old
Keith. The only mansion is Edintore ; and
the antiquities are a ruined castle and
several Caledonian stone circles. There
are 10 schools for 1219 scholars, and 5 of
them and an enlargement for 517 are new.

KEITH, ancient parish, now part of
Humbie, Haddingtonshire.' Keith House
in it was once a large elegant seat of
the Earls Marischal ; and a ruined Roman
Catholic chapel, with cemetery, stands in
front.

KEITH, cataract and pool on Ericht
river, near Blairgowrie, Perthshire.

KEITHHALL, parish adjacent to east
side of Inverury, Aberdeenshire. Its
length is about 5| miles ; its greatest
breadth about 5 miles ; its area 7601
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £8625.
Pop. 880. The surface is bounded on
the west by rivers Ury and Don ; includes
about 5000 acres of arable land and several
extensive mosses ; and rises into hilly
heights. Keithhall House, a splendid
edifice, is the seat of the Earl of Kintore.
Caledonian antiquities were once nume-
rous, but have mostly disappeared. The
church contains 600 sittings, and the
public school is new, and has capacity
for 142 scholars.

KEITHICK, seat near Burrelton, Perth-
shire.

KEITHINCH, small island adjacent to
Peterhead, Aberdeenshire.

KEITHNIE, affluent of the Deveron in
Inverkeithnie parish, Banffshire.

KEITHTOWN, village in Fodderty parish,
Ross-shire.

KELBURN, a seat of the Earl of Glas-
gow, 1^ mile south-south-east of Largs,
Ayrshire.

KELHEAD, village and lime-works in
Cummertrees parish, Dumfriesshire.

KELLAS, hamlet in Murroes parish,
Forfarshire.

KELLIE, hill, farmhouse, and colliery
in Carnbee parish, Fife. The farmhouse
was once an elegant seat of the Earls of
Mar.

KELLO, rivulet, running about 7 miles
eastward to the Nith, at 2f- miles north-
west of Sanquhar, Dumfriesshire.

KELLOCK, affluent of the Ury, in
upper part of Garioch district, Aberdeen-
shire.

KELLOE, seat in Edrom parish, Berwick-
shire.

KELLS, parish, containing New Gallo-
way post town, in Kirkcudbrightshire.
Its length is fully 16 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 9 miles; its area 48,581
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £10,359.
Pop. 970. The surface is bounded, down
to the point of confluence, by the rivers
Ken and Dee ; includes much fertile low
land and exquisite scenery along the Ken ;
rises thence westward and north-westward
in congeries of hill and mountain ; cul-
minates on Rhinns of Kells at an altitude
of 2650 feet above sea-level ; and contains
several attractive trouting lakes. The
seats are Ken mure Castle, Glenlee Park,
Knocknalling, and Garroch ; and an in-
teresting object is a granite monument
to the Covenanter martyr Adam Mac-
quwan. The churches are Estab-
lished, Free, and United Presbyterian.
The public school has about 103
scholars.

KELLY, burn, traversing deep ravine
to Firth of Clyde at 2J miles south of
Innerkip, Renfrewshire. Kelly House
stands adjacent to it ; and a fantastic
old song, altered by Burns, celebrates it.

KELLY, burn, running to the Devon
at boundary between Perthshire and
Clackmannanshire.

KELLY, burn, entering the Ythan in
Methlick parish, Aberdeenshire.

KELLY, seat and ancient castle in
Arbirlot parish, Forfarshire.

KELLYHEAD, hill-range in Newlands
parish, Peeblesshire.

KELLYLAW, hill, 500 feet high, in
Carnbee parish, Fife.

KELSO, town and parish in Roxburgh-
shire. The town stands on the Tweed,
opposite influx of the Teviot, 42 miles by
road, but 52^ by railway, south-east-by-
east of Edinburgh ; succeeded an ancient
village on ground now within Floors Park,
and suburban to old Roxburgh ; arose after
destruction of that famous old town in
1460 ; became a seat of Border power, a
resort of kings and nobles, a place of
international negotiation, and an object
of great mark for both defensive and
offensive armies ; underwent frequent
desolation and renovation, with result of
becoming a more handsome town than
any other in either the south of Scotland

KEL

252

KEL

or the north of England ; enjoys the
luxury of exquisitely beautiful environs,
with charming views all round to distant
horizon ; adjoins a public park, with fine
entrance gateway ; includes a spacious cen-
tral square, four well-built streets diverg-
ing thence, two smaller squares, a terraced
thoroughfare, and several minor streets ;
controls trade, intelligence, and fashion
over a wide surrounding country ; pub-
lishes 3 weekly newspapers ; communi-
cates with railway station of its own
name on opposite bank of the Tweed ;
was proposed in 1881 to have a railway
from a station within itself through Nor-
thumberland to Newcastle-on-Tyne ; and
has a head post office with all depart-
ments, 5 banking offices, several hotels, a
town hall with portico and cupola, a corn
exchange of 1856, an elegant five-arched
bridge of 1803, 2 Established churches,
2 Free churches, 2 United Presbyterian
churches, Evangelical Union, Baptist,
Episcopalian, and Koman Catholic
churches, the ruined church of an ancient
abbey, a large library, a large museum, a
high education school of 1878, and a large
public primary school. The Abbey church
was founded in 1128 ; had the form of a
Latin cross, with the head to the west ;
was ruined by an English army in 1545 ;
comprises now most of the west end,
most of the transept, two sides of the
central tower, and a fragment of the
choir ; and exhibits interesting features
of late Saxon or early Norman archi-
tecture. Pop. of the town, 4687.— The
parish contains also the suburban village
of Maxwellheugh, measures 4f miles by
4£, and comprises 5384 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £34,022. Pop. , quoad
civilia, 5235 ; quoad sacra, 2782. The
surface is bisected by the Tweed ; in-
cludes a peninsula between the Tweed
and the Teviot ; and, as seen from heights
at some distance, appears to be part of a
rich extensive strath, but, as seen from
vantage-grounds immediately overlooking
it, ' presents the appearance of an amphi-
theatre, diversified in outlines, intersected
by two broad noble rivers, and having for
its boundary a circle of wooded heights.'
The chief mansion is the Duke of Rox-
burghe's seat of Floors Castle ; other
residences are Springwood Park, Wooden,
Sydenham, Pinnaclehill, Edenbank, Rose-
bank, Tweedbank, Edenside, Ednam
House, Broomlands, Walton, and Wood-
side ; and a spot of note is the site of
the ancient church of St. James.

KELSO (NORTH), quoad sacra parish,
with church in Kelso, Roxburghshire.
Pop. 2453.

KELTIE, rivulet, rising in Stuick-a-chroin
Mountain, and running about 8 miles
south-south-eastward to the Teith at 1\
miles east-south-east of Callander, Perth-
shire. It traverses a rocky gorge, descends
in rushing current, and makes at Bracklin
a remarkable cascade.

KELTIE, burn, running 7 miles eastward
to the Ore at 6 miles south-east of
Kinross.

KELTIE, village on Keltie burn, 5 miles
south-south-east of Kinross. It has a
railway station and a Free church, and is
near a colliery. Pop. 349.

KELTNIE, rivulet running south-east-
ward to the Lyon, near that river's con-
fluence with the Tay, Perthshire. It
traverses wild romantic scenery, and
makes near Cosheville a series of fine
cascades.

KELTON, parish, containing Rhonehouse,
Gelston, and Keltonhill villages, and most
of Castle-Douglas town, in Kirkcudbright-
shire. Its length is 6^ miles ; its greatest
breadth 5| miles ; its area 11,222 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £20,145. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 3458 ; quoad sacra, 766.
The surface is mostly a ridge flanking
west side of Dee river, abounds in coni-
cal hillocks, and rises in the south to
hills of more than 1000 feet high. An
interesting feature is Carlinwark Loch.
The seats are Carlinwark, Gelston, and
Dalwan; and the chief antiquities are
remains of Caledonian hill forts, and of a
Caledonian stone circle. The parochial
church is at Keltonhill, and 6 places of
worship are in Castle-Douglas. There are
6 schools for 690 scholars, and 1 of them
and an enlargement for 300 are new.

KELTON, small port on the Nith, 3J
miles south of Dumfries.

KELTONHILL, village, 2| miles south of
Castle-Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire. It
has a post office under Castle-Douglas, and
a parochial church.

KELTY. See Keltie.

KELVIN, river, rising 3 miles east of
Kilsyth, and running 14 miles west-south-
westward to the Clyde at west end of
Glasgow.

KELVINGROVE, suburb adjoining and
comprising West End Park, on Kelvin
river, Glasgow. Kelvingrove United Pres-
byterian church was erected in 1880, at a
cost of about £15,000 ; and Kelvingrove
Museum is in the park, and has been
noticed in our article on Glasgow.

KELVINHAUGH, suburb, with ship-
building yards and quoad sacra parochial
church, at foot of north side of Glasgow
harbour. Pop. 1914.
m KELVINHEAD, seat near source of Kelvin
river, Stirlingshire.

KELVINSIDE, part of Hillhead suburb,
Glasgow. It has a handsome Free church.

KELVIN VALLEY RAILWAY, railway
from junction with Helensburgh branch of
North British system near Maryhill, up
valley of the Kelvin, to terminus at
Kilsyth. It crosses the Kelvin a little
north of Maryhill ; passes near Summers-
ton, Balmore, Torrance, and Birdston
villages ; crosses Campsie railway and
Glazert rivulet about \ mile north of
Kirkintilloch ; sends off a loop to Campsie
railway at a point near Kirkintilloch ; and

KEM

253

KEN

proceeds by Gavell station to Kilsyth.
It is about 12 miles long, and it was
formed in 1S73-78 at a cost of about
£120,000.

KEM. See Kame.

KEMBACK, parish, containing Blebo and
Kemback villages, in eastern vicinity of
Cupar, Fife. Its post town is Cupar. Its
length is nearly 3 miles ; its greatest
breadth 2£ miles ; its area 2594 acres.
Keal property in 1880-81, £6516. Pop.
853. The surface is chiefly a hill-ridge,
intersected by Dura den, and culminating
at a height of 584 feet above sea-level.
The chief residence is Kemback House.
The public school is new, and has
capacity for 200 scholars.

KEMBACK-MILLS, village, with mills,
on Kame rivulet, in Kemback parish,
Fife.

KEMNAY, village and parish in Garioch
district, Aberdeenshire. The village stands
near the Don, 4 miles west of Kintore, and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Aberdeen,
and a railway station. Pop. 432. — The
parish measures about 5 miles by 3, and
comprises 5110 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £4654. Pop. 1636. The surface
includes rich haughs on the Don, and is
prevailingly low. Kemnay House is the
chief residence ; and a standing stone and
a kistvaen are chief antiquities. The
churches are Established and Free, and
the former is recent and elegant. The
public school is mostly new, has capacity
for 231 scholars, and is of high note.

KEMP, ruined ancient fort on Turin
Hill, in Rescobie parish, Forfarshire.

KEMPE, quondam moated mound in
Renfrew parish, Renfrewshire.

KEMPLAW, place, with ruined vitrified
fort, in Dundonald parish, Ayrshire.

KEMPOCK, small headland and part of
Gourock town, at west side of Gourock
Bay, Renfrewshire.

KEMPSTONE, hill in Fetteresso parish,
Kincardineshire.

KEMYSHALL, estate in Kirkmahoe
parish, Dumfriesshire.

KEN, river and lake in Kirkcudbright-
shire. The river rises at boundary with
Ayrshire, and runs about 21 miles prevail-
ingly southward, but describing segment
of a circle, to confluence with the Dee at
8 miles north-north-west of Castle-Douglas.
The lake is an expansion of the river, 5^
miles long, to vicinity of confluence with
the Dee, but is narrow and sprinkled with
wooded islets.

KENLOCH. See Kinloch.
KENLY, or PITMILLY, rivulet, running
about 8 miles east-north-eastward to the
sea, at 4f miles east - south - east of St.
Andrews, Fife.

KENMORE, village and parish in Bread-
albane district, Perthshire. The village
stands at efflux of river Tay from Loch
Tay, 6 miles west-south-west of Aberfeldy ;
is a neat small place, with picturesque

environs, described in well-known lines of
the poet Burns ; and has a post office
under Aberfeldy, a five-arched bridge, a
hotel, and Established and Free churches.
— The parish contains also the hamlets of
Acharn, Bridgend, Blairmore, Lawers, and
Sronfernan ; comprises a main body and
two detached sections ; measures, across
intersecting lands, about 20 miles in
length and 7 miles in greatest breadth ;
and comprises 67,196 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £12,211. Pop. 1508. The
surface comprises very little low land ;
embraces most part of Loch Tay ; includes
most of both flanks of that lake, together
with tracts in Glenlochy and Glenqueich ;
and culminates, on north side of Loch Tay,
in the summit of Benlawers. A chief
object is the Earl of Breadalbane's magni-
ficent seat of Taymouth Castle ; another
seat is Shian ; and chief antiquities are
Finlarig ruined castle, on upper part of
Loch Tay, and ruins of an ancient priory
on an islet near the lake's foot. Free
churches are at Ardeonaigand Lawers, and
public schools are at Acharn, Lawers,
Ardtalnaig, Kiltyrie, Glenlochy, and
Fearnan.

KENMORE, village and headland in
Inverary parish, Argyle shire.

KENMUIR, acclivity, with delightful
view, on the Clyde, near Carmyle, Lanark-
shire.

KENMURE, hill, crowned with temple,
in background of Castle Semple lake, Ren-
frewshire.

KENMURE, castellated mansion, for-
merly seat of Viscounts Kenmure, at head
of Loch Ken, near New Galloway, Kirk-
cudbrightshire. The title Viscount Ken-
mure was given to the Gordons in 1633,
and became dormant in 1847.

KENNAVARAH, headland at south-west
of Tyree Island, Argyleshire.

KENNET, village, seat, and collieries in
Clackmannan parish, Clackmannanshire.

KENNETHMONT, hamlet and parish in
Garioch district, Aberdeenshire. The
hamlet lies 8 miles south-south-east of
Huntly, and has a post office, with money
order department, designated of Aber-
deenshire, and a railway station. The
parish measures about 6 miles by 3, and
comprises 8468 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £5910.^ Pop. 999. The surface
is much diversified, and includes two or
three considerable eminences, but is not
hilly. The only seat is Leith Hall, and
the chief antiquities are remains of two
Caledonian stone circles. The churches
are Established and Free. The public
school is new, and has capacity for 156
scholars.

KENNETPANS, small seaport village
and seat in Clackmannan parish, Clack -
j mannanshire.

KENNISHEAD, railway station, 1£ mile
south-west of Pollockshaws, Renfrew-
i shire.

j KENNOWAY, village and parish in south

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254

KET

of Fife. The village stands 2J miles west-
north-west of Leven, and has a post office
tinder Windygates, Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian churches, and a large
public school. Pop. 770. — The parish con-
tains also Star and Baneton villages ;
measures about 3 miles by 2J ; and comprises
3965 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £9392.
Pop. 1560. The surface is a finely diversified
slope, declining to the south, and com-
manding delightful views. The seats are
Auchtermairnie, Kingsdale, and Newton.
There are 2 schools with capacity for 328
scholars, and 1 of them is partly new.

KENNOX, seat in Stewarton parish,
Ayrshire.

KENNOX, burn in Douglas parish, Lan-
arkshire.

KENNY (LOUPS OF), series of cascades
on Melgum rivulet, in Kingoldrum parish,
Forfarshire.

KENRIVE, hill, 1262 feet high, with
traces of ancient large castle, and with
excellent sandstone quarry, in Kilmuir-
Easter parish, Ross-shire.

KENSALEYRE, place, with public school,
in Snizort parish, Isle of Skye.

KENTAILEN, well-sheltered small bay
on north coast of Appin, Argyleshire.

KENTURE, small bay on south-east coast
of Islay Island, Argyleshire.

KEOLDALE, small sea-loch, with precipi-
tous screens, on north coast of Durness
parish, Sutherland.

KEPP, hamlet in Kippen parish, Perth-
shire.

KEPPING, burn in Largs parish, Ayr-
shire.

KEPPLEHILLS, hamlet in Newhills
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a public
school with about 82 scholars.

KEPPOCH, seat in Cardross parish,
Dumbartonshire.

KEPPOCH, scene of sanguinary battle,
the last feudal one of Scottish clans, in
centre . of Kilmanivaig parish, Inverness-
shire.

KEPTY, terminal height of gravel ridge
in St. Vigeans parish, Forfarshire.

KERBET, affluent of Dean river in
Glammis parish, Forfarshire.

KERFIELD, seat in eastern vicinity of
Peebles.

KERILAW, ruined ancient castle of
Earls of Glen cairn, and modern mansion,
in Stevenston parish, Ayrshire.

KERLOAK, mountain-spur of Grampians
across northern part of Kincardineshire,
from vicinity of Mount Battock to the
coast a little south of Aberdeen. Its sum-
mit is 1747 feet high.

KERMANEARN, summit, 1245 feet high,
4 miles south-east of Kerloak summit,
Kincardineshire.

KERNADORT, strong chalybeate spring
in Kells parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

KERN1GERG, two islets, united at low-
water, between Tyree and Coll, Argyle-
shire.

KERRAGARROW, headland on north

side of mouth of Loch Laxford, Suther-
land.

KERRERA, hilly rugged island in front
of Oban, sheltering that town's harbour,
in Argyleshire. It extends 3^ miles south-
south-westward, with a breadth of nearly
2 miles ; is separated from the mainland
by only a narrow strait ; terminates at
south end in bold promontory crowned
by Gylen Castle ; has exactly opposite
Oban a small bay, designed in 1880 to be
provided with a pier, and lined with villas
or a village ; was the death-place of
Alexander II. when collecting his fleet at
it for expedition against the Hebrides;
and has a post office under Oban. Pop.
103.

KERRYCROY, village on Scoulag Bay,
2J miles south-south-east of Rothesay,
Isle of Bute. It has a public school.

KERSE, seat of Earl of Zetland, near
Grangemouth, Stirlingshire.

KERSE, lake in Dalrymple parish, Ayr-
shire.

KERSHOPE, hill, once crowned with
monumental cross, 9 miles west-south-
west of Selkirk.

KERSHOPE, rivulet, running 8 miles
south-westward, along boundary between
Scotland and England, to the Liddel, in
vicinity of Kershope-Foot railway station,
2f miles south of Newcastleton village,
Roxburghshire.

KERSLAND, estate, with chapel-of-ease,
seat, and fragments of ancient castle, in
Dairy parish, Ayrshire.

KERWIC, small bay, with insulated
stacks resembling Gothic pillars, near
Cape Wrath, Sutherland.

KESSOCK, ferry station on strait be-
tween Moray Firth and Loch Beauly,
adjacent to Inverness. It has a post
office under Inverness, and an inn.

KET, stream, running about 6 miles to
the sea at Port-Yarrock, in Whithorn
parish, Wigtonshire.

KETOCHY, streamlet running through
Dunkeld, Perthshire.

KETTINS, village and parish on south-
west border of Forfarshire. The village
stands about a mile south-east of Coupar-
Angus, and has a post office under that
town, a parochial church, and a public
school. — The parish contains four other
small villages, measures about 4 miles by 3,
and comprises 7796 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £13,001. Pop. 903. The east-
ern section is part of Sidlaw Hills, and the
rest is a fertile nearly level part of Strath-
more. The seats are Hallyburton, New-
hall, Lintrose, Bandirran, and Baldowrie ;
the antiquities are a Scandinavian stand-
ing stone, outlines of a Roman camp, and
sites of Dores Castle and Caledonian cairns;
and an interesting object is a paved artifi-
cial cave. The public school is new, and
has capacity for 130 scholars.

KETTLE, village and parish in centre of
Fife. The village stands adjacent to
Kingskettle railway station, 6 J miles south-

KET

255

KIL

west of Cupar, and lias a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Ladybank, Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian churches, and a large
public school. Pop. 542. — The parish con-
tains also Kettle -Bridge, Holekettle, Coal-
ton, Muirhead, Myreside, Balmalcolm, and
Bankton-Park villages; measures about 6
miles by nearly 3 ; and comprises 7612
acres. Heal property in 1880-81, £13,879.
Pop. 2057. The Eden runs about 3 miles
along the northern boundary. The lands
adjacent to that stream are low and flat, and
those in the east include part of the hill-flank
of Stratheden. Coal, limestone, and sand-
stone are worked. There are 6 mansions,
2 ruined circumvallations, and 8 barrows.

KETTLE-BRIDGE, village in Kettle par-
ish, Fife. Pop. 340.

KETTLEHOLM, place, with bridge, on
Milk rivulet, in St. Mungo parish, Dum-
friesshire.

KETTLETOFT, bay, with good natural
harbour, on south-east side of Sanday
Island, Orkney.

KEVOCH, burn in Eaglesham parish,
Renfrewshire.

KEYGILL, wild glen in Wandell parish,
Lanarkshire.

KIDLAW, place, with lime quarry, in
Yester parish, Haddingtonshire.

KIEL, burn, funning to the Forth, in
Largo parish, Fife.

KIEL, ruined ancient church, with ceme-
tery, in lower end of Ardchattan parish,
Argyleshire.

KIER. See Keie.

KIERFIOLD, low sandy hill in Sandwick
parish, Orkney.

KIGGEND, village in New Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire.

KILARROW. See Killarrow.

KILBAGIE, seat and distillery in Clack-
mannan parish, Clackmannanshire.

KILBARCHAN, town and parish in cen-
tre of Renfrewshire. The town stands lh
mile west of Milliken-Park railway station,
and 5§- miles west-by-south of Paisley ; is
an ancient place, now largely maintained
by textile manufacture ; figures notably in
connection with the famous piper Habbie
Simpson ; and has a post office, with money
order department, under Johnstone, a bank-
ing office, Established and United Presby-
terian churches, and a large public school.
Pop. 2548. — The parish contains also
Clippens-Square and Linwood villages, and
part of Bridge of Weir town ; measures
about 7 miles by 4 ; and comprises 9006
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £41,071.
Pop., quoad civilia, 6868 ; quoad sacra,
4363. The north-eastern section, penin-
sulated by the Gryfe and the Black Cart,
is low and flat ; the middle section is
diversified by many rising-grounds ; and
the south-western section rises into con-
siderable hills. The seats are Milliken,
Blackstone, Glentyan, Craigends, and
Clippens ; and chief antiquities are ruins
of Ranfurly Castle, remains of a semi-

circular camp, and sites of several mediaeval
chapels. A Free church is at Bridge of
"Weir. There are 5 schools for 897 scholars,
and 2 of them for 600 are new.

KILBAY, headland on south-east coast
of Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

KILBERRY, ancient parish, now part of
Kilcalmonell, Argyleshire. It has a post
office under Greenock, and a public
school.

KILBIRNIE, town and parish in north-
west of Cunningham, Ayrshire. The town
stands on Garnock river, 2f miles north-
by-east of Dairy ; was only a small hamlet
near end of last century ; acquired size
and prosperity as a seat of manufacture ;
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, designated of
Ayrshire, 2 banking offices, a hotel, an
Established church, 2 Free churches, a
Roman Catholic church, and 2 public
schools. Pop. 3405. — The parish con-
tains also part of Glengarnock town,
measures about 7J miles by 4, and com-
prises 10,335 acres. Real property in

1879- 80, £18,833. Pop. 5243. Kilbirnie
loch, 1J mile long, lies on the eastern
boundary. About one -fourth of the
parochial area adjacent to that lake and
the Garnock is low fertile land; about a
third north-westward thence is a gentle
ascent, capable of culture ; and the rest is
wild pastoral upland. Coal, ironstone,
and limestone are largely worked. Chief
seats are Kilbirnie House and Ladyland;
and a chief antiquity is Kilbirnie Castle,
the roofless ruined seat of Viscount Gar-
nock. A United Presbyterian church is
in Glengarnock. There are 4 schools for
1049 scholars, and 1 of them and an
enlargement for 580 are new.

KILBLANE, place, with site of ancient
church, in Kirkmahoe parish, Dumfries-
shire.

KILBLANE, ancient parish, now part of
Southend, in Kintyre, Argyleshire.

KILBLANE, burn in Inverary parish,
Argyleshire.

KILBRACHMONT, eminence, with mag-
nificent view, in Kilconquhar parish, Fife.

KILBRANDON, parish, comprising part
of Nether Lorn mainland and Easdale,
Luing, Seil, Shuna, Torsay, and Iniscapel,
inhabited islands in Argyleshire. It con-
tains the post office village of Easdale and
the villages of Colipole and Toberonochy.
Its extent on mainland is 4 miles by 2 ;
inclusive of islands and intersecting sea-
belts, is 10 miles by 6. Real property in

1880- 81, £7346. _ Pop. 1746. The main-
land portion consists chiefly of hill pasture ;
the islands are separately noticed ; and no
part in either mainland or islands is higher
than from 600 to 800 feet above sea-level.
The mansions are Ardmaddy and Ardin-
caple, the former a seat of the Earl of
Breadalbane ; and the only antiquities are
remains of old forts. The churches are
Established and Free, and there are 3
public schools.

KIL

256

KIL

KILBRANDON, or KILBRENNAN, sound,
21 miles long, and from 4 to 8 miles wide,
separating Arran Island from Kintyre
peninsula, Firth of Clyde.

KILBRIDE, parish comprising Holy
Island and most of east side of Arran
Island, Buteshire. It contains the post
office hamlets or villages of Lochranza,
Corrie, Brodick, and Lamlash ; and it
measures about 20 miles by fully 4|, and
comprises 38,985 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £9392. Pop., quoad civilia,
2176; quoad sacra, 1160. Chief
features are Goatfell, Glensannox, Glen-
rosa, Glensherrig, Glencloy, Brodick,
Lamlash, Holy Island, and Lochranza,
and have been separately noticed. The
churches are 2 Established, 2 Free, and 1
Congregational. There are 6 schools for
436 scholars, and 1 of them for 100 is new.

KILBRIDE, parish, containing Oban town
and Kerrera island, but united to Kil-
more, Argyleshire. See Oban, Kerrera,
and Kilmore.

KILBRIDE, ancient chapelry, now part
of Kilbrandon parish, Argyleshire.

KILBRIDE, ancient chapelry, now part
of Inverary parish, Argyleshire.

KILBRIDE, ancient chapelry, now part
of Strath parish, Isle of Skye.

KILBRIDE, ancient chapelry, now part
of Kirkmabreck parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

KILBRIDE, hill, with site of ancient
chapel, in Keir parish, Dumfriesshire.

KILBRIDE, small bay and chapel-of-ease
in Kilfinan parish, Cowal, Argyleshire.

KILBRIDE, place, with post office under
Lochmaddy, North Uist, Outer Hebrides.

KILBRIDE, hamlet in Glassary parish,
Argyleshire.

KILBRIDE CASTLE, seat of Sir James
Campbell, Bart., 2 miles north-east of
Doune, Perthshire.

KILBRIDE (EAST), town and parish on
north-west border of Lanarkshire. The
town stands 7f miles by road south-south-
east of Glasgow, is an old place with poor
appearance, and has a post office under
Glasgow, a terminal railway station, a
banking office, Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian churches, and a
public school with about 212 scholars.
Pop. 1118. — The parish contains also
Auldhouse, Crossbill, Jackton, Braehead,
Kittockside, Nerston, and Maxwelltown
villages or hamlets, and part of Busby
town. Its length is nearly 10 miles ; its
greatest breadth 5 miles ; its area 22,760
acres. Beal property in 1880-81, £38,708.
Pop., quoad civilia, 3975; quoad sacra,
3226. The surface rises from about 200
to about 1600 feet above sea-level ; con-
sists mostly of small hills on gradually
ascending base ; and includes a consider-
able extent of moor. Chief seats are
Crossbasket, Calderwood, Torrance, Lime-
kilns, Kirktounholm, Cleughern, and Law-
muir ; and chief antiquities are ruins of
Mains Castle, remains of Lickprivick
Castle, and sites of two forts and three |

cairns. Free and United Presbyterian
churches are at Busby. There are 4
schools for 519 scholars, and 1 of them
and an enlargement for 130 are new.

KILBRIDE (WEST), town on coast of
Cunningham, Ayrshire, and parish in-
cluding also Little Cumbray Island, Bute-
shire. The town stands £ mile from the
shore, and 4J miles north-west of Ardros-
san ; is an old place with poor appearance ;
and has a post office with money order
and telegraph departments, designated of
Ayrshire, a railway station, a banking
office, a parochial church, a Free church of
1881, a United Presbyterian church, and
2 public schools. Pop. 1363. — The parish,
exclusive of Little Cumbray Island, mea-
sures about 6 miles by Sh, and comprises
10,119 acres. Beal property in 1879-80,
£19,379. Pop., quoad civilia, 2111 ; quoad
sacra, 2081. The coast has a peninsular
form, includes Portincross promontory,
is elsewhere low and shelving, and
measures about 7 miles in extent. The
interior rises in series of heights, with in-
tersecting vales, and terminates in a lofty
ridge on the eastern border. Fully two-
thirds of all the land are arable, and the
rest is mostly pastoral. A chief residence
is Hunterston, and chief antiquities are
ruins of Portincross and Law castles, re-
mains of a Scandinavian watch-tower,
ruins of Southannan mansion, and sites of
several mediaeval chapels. There are 2
schools for 370 scholars, and 1 of them for
250 is new.

KILBUCHO, ancient parish annexed to
Broughton, Peeblesshire. It adjoins
Lanarkshire, lies near Biggar, is tra-
versed by a rivulet of its own name to
Biggar "Water, and contains Kilbucho
House and Broughton parochial church.

KILCADZOW, village, lime-works, and
hill in Carluke parish, Lanarkshire. The
village has a public school.

KILCALMKILL, estate, with mansion,
fine cascade, and ancient cemetery, in
Clyne parish, Sutherland.

KILCALMONELL, parish, comprising
Kilcalmonell - proper, in Kintyre and
Kilberry, in Knapdale, Argyleshire. It
contains the post office village of Clachan,
several fishing hamlets, and most of the
post town and quoad sacra parish of Tar-
bert. Its length is about 18 miles; its
greatest breadth about 7 miles ; its area
49,659 acres. Beal property in 1880-81,
£13,728. Pop., quoad civilia, 2299. The
two sections are separated by West Loch
Tarbert. Kilcalmonell-proper rises from
low shores, in slopes and acclivities, with
intervening vales, to a lofty hill-range.
Kilberry presents a bold front to the
Atlantic, and is bisected from east to
west by a hill-ridge rising gradually to
lofty altitude. Some seats are Stonefield,
Ardpatrick, and Kilberry ; and chief an-
tiquities are Tarbert Castle, Dunskeig
forts, and numerous cairns. The churches
are 2 Established and 2 Free. There are

KIL

257

KIL

4 schools for 260 scholars, and 1 of
them for 68 is new.

KILCHATTAN, ancient parish, now unit-
ed to Kilbrandon, Argyleshire. It has a
public school with about 38 scholars.

KILCHATTAN-BAY, village and bay, 6
miles south of Rothesay, Isle of Bute.
The village has a post office under Bothesay.
Pop. 343. The bay has a half -moon form,
measures about mile across the mouth,
and has a pier, erected in 1880. Plans
were formed in 1880 for a large hotel,
several villas, and a water supply.

KILCHENZIE, ancient parish, now part
of Killean, in Kintyre, Argyleshire. It
has a post office under Campbelton, and
a public school with about 50 scholars.

KLLCHIARAN, boat-harbour in Lismore
parish, Argyleshire.

KILCHOAN, hamlet and harbour on
south coast of Ardnamurchan peninsula,
Argyleshire. The hamlet has a public
school with about 79 scholars.

KILCHOMAN, parish comprising south-
western part of Islay Island, Argyleshire.
It contains the post office villages of Port-
Charlotte and Portnahaven, comprises all
the peninsula west of Lochindaal, and
includes the adjacent islets. Its length
is 14 miles ; its greatest breadth about
6 miles. Eeal property in 1880-81,
£11,722. Pop., quoad civika, 2547; quoad
sacra, 1687. Much of the coast is bold
and precipitous, and much of the interior
is either mossy flat or low pastoral hill.
The chief residence is Sunderland House ;
and chief antiquities are a finely sculp-
tured cross, several obelisks, and remains
of five mediaeval churches. The modern
churches are Established and Free for
Kilchoman-proper, and Established and
Free for Portnahaven. There are 3
public schools, with aggregately about
337 scholars.

KILCHRENAN, parish, comprising Kil-
chrenan-proper and Dalavich, on Loch
Awe, Argyleshire. It has a post office
designated Kilchrenan, Argyleshire ; and
it stretches along both sides of Loch Awe,
and includes Loch Avich. Its length is 15
miles ; its greatest breadth 10^ miles.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £5881. Pop.
504. The surface ascends gradually on each
side of Loch Awe to the summit of a
high hill-range, and is much diversified
with heights and hollows. The seats
are Eridine and Sonachan ; and the an-
tiquities are ruins on islets in Loch
Avich. Places of worship are 2 parochial
churches and a Free Church preaching-
station. There are 3 schools for 112
scholars, and 2 of them for 75 are new.

KILCHRIST, ancient parish, now part
of Urray, in Eoss-shire. Its church, in
early part of 17th century, was the scene
of a horrible clan tragedy, known as the
Eaid of Cilliechrist ; and its burying-
ground was recentlv, or is still, in use.

KILCHRIST, site of ancient church in
Strath parish, Isle of Skye.

KILCHURN, ruined noble castle on east
shore of Loch Awe, 2\ miles west-south-
west of Dalmally, Argyleshire. It occupies
the site of a fortalice of the Macgregors ;
was erected in times from early part of
15th century till 1615 ; was inhabited by
the Earls of Breadalbane till 1740; ex-
hibits more grandeur than any other
baronial ruin in west of Scotland ; and
is celebrated in well-known lines of
Wordsworth.

KLLCHUSLAND, ancient parish, now
part of Campbelton, Argyleshire.

KILCLERIN, or KISMULL, strong an-
cient baronial fortalice on coast of Earra
Island, Outer Hebrides.

KILCOLMKILL, old seat and cascade in
Loth parish, Sutherland. The seat occu-
pies the site of a Culdee cell.

KILCOLUMKILL, site of Culdee estab-
lishment in Morvern parish, Argyle-
shire.

KILCONQUHAR, village and parish in
south-east of Fife. The village stands 4
miles east of Largo, adjoins a beautiful
lake about 2 miles in circuit, and has a
post office designated of Fifeshire, a rail-
way station, a large handsome parochial
church of 1821, and a public school with
about 133 scholars. Pop. about 290.— The
parish contains also the villages of Colins-
burgh, Earlsferry, Barnyards, Williams-
burgh, and Liberty. Its length is 7 miles ;
its greatest breadth If mile ; its area
6891 acres. Eeal property in 1880-81,
£17,489. Pop., quoad civil ia, 2053; quoad
sacra, 1471. The surface touches Firth
of Forth between Elie and St. Monance ;
extends in narrow stripe to within 2^
miles of Ceres ; exhibits diversity of flat
land, gentle ascent, ravine, and hill ; and
commands from many points magnificent
views. The seats are Kilconquhar House,
Balcarres, Charleton, Lathallan, Falfield,
and Cairnie. A quoad sacra parochial
church is in Largoward, and a United
Presbyterian church Is in Colinsburgh.
Four schools are in the parish, and have
capacity for 375 scholars.

KILCOY, estate, with ruined old castle,
in Killearnan parish, Boss-shire.

KILCREGGAN, town on south coast of
Eoseneath peninsula, Dumbartonshire.
It stands opposite Gourock, 3^ miles north-
west of Greenock ; took its name from an
ancient chapel long since extinct ; has
nearly all been built since 1840 ; is a
much esteemed summer resort and water-
ing-place ; consists chiefly of villas and
ornate cottages on a stripe of coast up,
wards of a mile long; has a post office-
with all departments, designated of Dum-
bartonshire, a steamboat pier, Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian churches,
and a public school with about 137 scholars ;
was designed in 1880 to have waterworks ;
and, together with Craigrownie and Cove,
curving round to Loch Long, forms a
police burgh. The pop. of the burgh at
census of 1881 was 816 ; but in the

R

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258

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summer months was probably five times
more.

KILCUMMAIG, seat on south-east side of
West Loch Tarbert, Argyleshire.

KILDA (ST.), or HIRTA, island and
three adjacent uninhabited islets, 54 miles
west-by-north of northern extremity of
North Uist, Outer Hebrides. The island
measures about 3 miles by 2 ; has only one
landing-place, small and difficult ; rises
trom the ocean in cliffs with extreme alti-
tude of about 1350 feet ; is inhabited on
lofty ground about £ mile from the shore ;
and yields its inhabitants a scanty and
precarious subsistence, partly by feather-
fathering from bir." on the cliffs. Pop.
77.

KILDALLOIG, seat of Sir Norman M.
A. Campbell, Bart., on Campbelton Bay,
Kintyre, Argyleshire. q

KILD ALTON, parish containing Port-
Ellen post office village in Islay Island,
Argyleshire. It comprises the south-
eastern part of the island together with
adjacent islets, and measures about 22
miles by 7. Peal property in 1880-81,
£10,159. Pop., quoad civilia, 2271 ; quoad
sacra, 2005. The coast is mostly low and
rocky, and has numerous caves and fissures.
The interior comprises level lands, vales,
and a hill-range 1157 feet high, and is
variously arable, pastoral, and waste.
Chief objects are a modern monumental
tower and ruins of four old churches and
three ancient forts. The present places
«>f worship are 2 Established and 1 Free.
There are 5 schools for 578 scholars, and
"i of them and an enlargement for 360 are
new.

KILDARY, railway station, 5| miles
north-north-east of- Invergordon, Ross-
shire.

KILD A VIE, glen in Southend parish,
Kintyre, Argyleshire.

KILDEAN, quondam historical bridge on
the Forth, about ^ mile above the present
Stirling bridge.

KILDONAN. hamlet and parish in east
of Sutherland. The hamlet lies 9^ miles
west-north-west of Helmsdale, and has a
post office designated of Sutherlandshire, a
railway station, and a Free Church preach-
ing-station. — The parish contains also
Helmsdale town, and measures 23 miles
in length and 15 miles in greatest breadth.
Heal property in 1880-81, £9091. Pop.
1935. The surface consists of Helms-
dale strath, lateral glens, and flanking
mountains, and is mostly wild high up-
land, but includes in the north-west a
number of small lakes. There are numer-
ous barrows and remains of several Pict-
lsh towers. Established and Free churches
and 2 public schools are in Helmsdale.

KILDONAN, hamlet, old tower, and
plain, at south-eastern extremity of Arran
Island, Buteshire. The hamlet has a post
office designated of Arran Island. The
tower crowns a sea-cliff, and occupies the
site of a Dalriadan fortalice.

KILDONAN, site of ancient church in
Kirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire.

KILDONANE, seat in Colmonell parish,
Ayrshire.

KILDRUMMY, parish, containing Mos-
sat post office, in Alford district, Aber-
deenshire. It lies on the Don westward
of Alford, measures 7 miles by 4, and com-
prises 10,352 acres. Eeal property in
1880-81, £4228. Pop. 656. The sur-
face includes some extent of valley, but
consists mostly of pastoral hills. Kil-
drummy Castle crowns an eminence be-
tween two ravines about a mile from the
Don, was once a royal palace, figured con-
spicuously in the wars of the Succession,
and is now an imposing ruin. The public
school has accommodation for 202 scholars,
and is mostly new.

KILFINAN, hamlet and parish in Cowal,
Argyleshire. The hamlet lies on small
bay of Loch Fyne, 5 miles by water north-
north-east of Tarbert, and has a post office
under Greenock, Established and Free
churches, and a public school. — The par-
ish contains also Tighnabruaich village;
extends northward past Otter, and south-
ward to Ardlamont Point ; is three-fourths
engirt by Loch Fyne and Kyles of Bute ;
measures about 17 miles in length, and
6 miles in greatest breadth ; and comprises
32,301 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£14,193. Pop. 2153. The coasts exhibit
much diversity and beauty ; and the in-
terior consists mostly of moderately high
hills, with interspersions of slopes and
vales. The seats are Ardlamont, Balli-
more, Otter, and Ardmarnock : and the
antiquities are several duns and the site of
Lamont Castle. A chapel-of-ease and a
Free church are at Tighnabruaich, and a
chapel-of-ease is at Kilbride. There are 5
schools for 437 scholars, and 2 of them for
292 are new.

KILFINICHEN, parish, comprising Iona,
Inchkenneth, and Eorsa Islands, several
adjacent islets, and the south-western part
of Mull Island, Argyleshire. It contains
the post office villages of Iona and Bunes-
san, and measures, in its Mull portion,
about 22 miles by 12. Real property in
1880-81, £8612. Pop., quoad civilia, 1978 ;
quoad sacra, 1269. The coast includes
Gribon promontory, Mackinnon's Cave,
Loch Scriden, Ardtun Headland, Loch
Laich, and Carsaig Arches ; and the inte-
rior includes the flat lands of Ross, but is
mostly hilly and heathy, and extends up
to the summit of Benmore. The seats are
Kilfinichen House and Pennycross ; and
the chief antiquities, besides those of Iona
and Inchkenneth, are numerous standing
stones and Scandinavian towers. The
churches are 2 Established and 1 Free.
There are 5 schools for 456 scholars, and 2
of them and enlargements for 190 are
new.

KILGOUR, ancient parish, now part of
Falkland, Fife.
KILGRANNIE, hamlet and coal-field in

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259

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Dailly parish, Ayrshire. The hamlet has
a public school with about 75 scholars.

KILGRASTON, seat near Bridge of Earn,
Perthshire.

KILHILL, place believed to have been
site of Caledonian town Alauna, on Allan
river, 2 miles north of Stirling.

KILKERRAN, railway station and seat
of Sir James Fergusson, Bart., in Dailly
parish, Ayrshire.

KILKERRAN, ancient parish, now part
of Campbelton, Argyleshire.

KILKIVAN, ancient parish, now part of
Campbelton, Argyleshire.

KILLALLAN, ancient parish, now united
to Houston, Renfrewshire.

KILLANTRINGAN, bay, 2f miles north-
north-west of Portpatrick, Wigtonshire.

KILLARIA, lake, 5 miles east-by-north
of Oban, Argyleshire.

KILLARROW, parish, containing Bow-
more, Bridgend, and Port-Askaig villages,
in Islay Island, Argyleshire. It extends
from Laggan Bay on east side of Lochin-
daal to northern extremity of the island,
and measures about 15 miles by 8. Real
property in 1880-81, £16,127. Pop., quoad
civilia, 2756 ; quoad sacra, 1864. Most
of the land is low, md part is moderately
hilly. The only mansion is Islay House ;
and the chief antiquities are remains of
Macdonald's palace, ruins of Claig Castle,
and remains of several Scandinavian forts.
The churches are 2 Established and 2
Free. Public schools are at Bowmore and
Kilmeny.

KILLEAN, parish, containing Tayinloan
post office village, on west side of Kintyre,
Argyleshire. It extends 18 miles south-
ward from a line opposite north end of
Gigha Island, has a maximum breadth of
about 6 miles, and comprises 42,109 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £14,425. Pop.
1368. The coast is mostly a series of
sandy bays and low rocky headlands, and
partly bold and rugged. The interior is
chiefly a gradual ascent from the shore to
heights of not more than 800 feet, but
rises, at head of Barr Glen, to the summit
of Benantuirc Mountain. Chief anti-
quities are rude remains of Dundonald
Castle, a few rude obelisks, and two circular
enclosures called Fingal's Fort. The
churches are 2 Established and 1 Free.
There are 5 schools for 372 scholars.

KILLEAN, secluded mountain vale on
Foyers river, Inverness-shire.

KILLEAN, glen in Clyne parish, Suther-
land.

KILLEARN, village and parish in west
of Stirlingshire. The village stands near
terminal station of Blane Valley Railway,
and 1\ miles south-south-west of Balfron,
and has a post office under Glasgow, a lofty
obeliskal monument to George Buchanan,
a parochial church of 1826, converted into
public hall, reading-room, and library, a
parochial church of 1881 erected at a cost
of £6000, and a public school with about
110 scholars. Pop. 356.— The parish is

nearly 7 miles long and mostly not more
than 3| miles broad, but expands in the
west to a breadth of nearly 7 miles, and
it comprises 15,370 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £14,961. Pop. 1131. The
Endrick runs about 8 miles along the
northern and the western boundary. The
land adjacent to it lies about 40 feet above
sea-level ; the next tract rises gradually to
a height of about 500 feet ; and the further
tract rises eventually to the summit-line
of Lennox Hills. Chief residences are
Killearn House, Carbeth, Ballikinrain,
Boquhan, and Moss ; and chief objects of
antiquarian interest are a castle said to
have been a retreat of Sir William Wallace,
and the site of a house in which George
Buchanan was born. There is a Free
church for Killearn and Balfron.

KILLEARNAN, parish on south-east
border of Ross-shire. It has a post office
under Inverness ; it lies along Loch Beauly
to vicinity of Kessock ferry ; and it mea-
sures about 5 miles by 3. Real property
in 1880-81, £6336. Pop. 1059. The sur-
face rises gradually from Loch Beauly to
summit of the Mullbuy. Redcastle and
Kilcoy were old castellated mansions ;
and the former was modernized, but the
latter is now a ruin. The churches are
Established and Free. The public school
has 210 scholars.

KILLEARN STATION, terminal station
of Blane Valley Railway, near Killearn
village, Stirlingshire. It has a post office
under Glasgow.

KILLELLAN. See Killallan.

KILLEN, place on south-eastern border of
Ross. It has a post office under Inverness.

KILLERMONT, seat on the Kelvin, 4
miles north-north-west of Glasgow.

KILLEVIN, ruined church on Loch
Fyne, in Glassary parish, Argyleshire.

KILLIAN, hill, with tarns, in Inverary
parish, Argyleshire.

KILLIECHASSIE, seat on left side of
the Tay, between Logierait and Weem,
Perthshire.

KILLIECRANKIE, mountain pass, with
railway station, 16^ miles north-north-
west of Dunkeld, Perthshire. It forms
a chasm, swept along the bottom by
Garry river ; is flanked by precipices
and acclivities in closely confronting
sides ; measures strictly no more than
about \ mile in length, but less strictly
about 2| miles ; had, till modern times,
no other passage than a perilous footpath ;
has now a good terraced carriage-road and
an elaborately-constructed reach of the
Highland Railway ; terminates, at east
side of north end, in a rough vale, the
scene of Viscount Dundee's victory and
death in 1689 ; and has there its railway
station, and a post office under Pit-
lochrie.

KILLIEDRAUGHT, small bay, about a
mile north-west of Eyemouth, Berwick-
shire.

KILLIEMORE, obscure ancient battle-

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260

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field in Penningham parish, "VVigton-
shire.

KILLIGRAY, small island in Harris
Sound, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 6.

KILLIN, village and parish in Bread-
albane, Perthshire. The village is 5
miles distant from a railway station of
its own name, 17 miles north-by-west
of Callander ; stands adjacent to conflux
of Dochart and Lochy rivers, about ^
mile from head of Loch Tay ; is sur-
rounded, both closely and remotely, by
magnificent scenery ; and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Stirling, 2 banking offices,
a hotel, a serial line of bridges, Established,
Free, and Episcopalian churches, and a
public school, Pop. 473. A branch rail-
way from the station to the village, at
an estimated cost of £30,000, was pro-
jected in 1881. — The parish contains also
Tyndrum and Clifton villages ; measures,
inclusive of intersecting lands, about 28
miles in length, and from 5 to 9 miles
in breadth ; and comprises 96,926 acres.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £12,644. Pop.
1277. A detached section, measuring 4
by 3^ miles, flanks south side of Loch Tay,
down to a line opposite Benlawers ; and
another detached section, measuring about
1| mile each way, lies in middle part of
Glenlochy. The main body extends from
a line across head of Loch Tay, west-south-
westward to summit of lofty mountain-
range on boundary with Argyleshire ;
includes Glendochart, Strathfillan, most
of Glenfalloch, parts of Glenlochy and
Glenogle, and the mountains and moun-
tain-ranges on the flanks ; culminates on
Benmore ; and includes a considerable
aggregate of fine plain, rich vale, and
verdant upland. Chief seats are Kinnell,
Achlyne, Glenure, Inverardran, and
Boreland ; and chief antiquities are
several Caledonian stone circles, the
ivy-clad castle of Finlarig, and ecclesiasti-
cal remains in Strathfillan. Free churches
are in Strathfillan and Ardeonaig ; and
public schools are in these two places and
in Glendochart.

KILLIN, lake in Contin parish, Boss-
shire.

KILLINESS, headland and small bay in
Kirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire.

KILLISPORT, sea -loch in Knapdale,
Argyleshire. It opens from south end of
Jura Sound, strikes 6J miles north-east-
ward, and contracts from width of 2 miles
to nearly a point.

KILLOCHAN, railway station, and seat
of Sir Reginald A. E. Cathcart, Bart., in
Dailly parish, Ayrshire.

KILLOCK. See Glenkillock.

KILLORAN, seat on site of Culdee cell,
in Colonsay Island, Argyleshire.

KILLUNDINE, plain old castle in Morvern
parish, Argyleshire.

KILLYWHAN, railway station, 8J miles
south of Barrhill, Ayrshire.

KILLYWHAN, railway station, 11| miles

north-east of Castle-Douglas, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

KILMADAN, or KILMODAN, parish in
Cowal, Argyleshire. It has a post office of
the name of Glendaruel under Greenock.
Its length is about 11 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 6i miles; its area 25,408
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £4785.
Pop. 323. The surface is a narrow flat-
bottomed glen, traversed by Ruel rivulet
to head of Loch Biddan. The seats are
Dunans, Glendaruel, and Ormidale, and
the antiquities are rude cairns and traces
of Scandinavian invasion. The churches
are Established and Free. There are 2
schools for 100 scholars, and 1 of them is new.

KILMADOCK, parish containing Doune
town, and Deanston, Buchany, Drumvaich,
and Delvorich villages, on southern border
of Perthshire. Its length is 10 miles ; its
breadth from 2 to 8 miles ; its area 24,521
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £23,044.
Pop. 3012. The Forth runs in serpentine
folds along the southern boundary, and
the Teith runs east-south-eastward through
the centre. A flat tract of considerable
breadth lies along the Forth ; a valley,
flanked on each side by a hill-ridge, is
traversed by the Teith ; and an upland
tract, part of the Braes of Doune, ascends
to the ■ lofty summit of Uaighmore on
the northern boundary. Chief seats are
Kilbride Castle, Lanrick Castle, Doune
Lodge, Deanston House, and Cambus-
more ; and the chief antiquities are Doune
Castle and Teith Bridge. The churches
are Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
and Episcopalian, and there are 4 schools
with capacity for 541 scholars.

KILMAHEW, relinquished mansion in
Cardross parish, Dumbartonshire.

KILMAHOG, village in western vicinity
of Callander, Perthshire.

KILMAICHLIE, old residence in Inver-
aven parish, Banffshire.

KILMALCOLM, town and parish in
lower ward of Renfrewshire. The town
stands 7 miles east-south-east of Greenock ;
sprang from an ancient church dedicated
to King Malcolm HI. ; was till recently a
curious sequestered place ; and now has a
post office, with money order department,
under Paisley, a railway station, a
banking office, a spacious hydropathic
establishment of 1880, Established, Free,
and United Presbyterian churches, and
a large public school. Pop. 1170. —
The parish measures 1\ miles by 6|, and
comprises 19,665 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £32,033. _ Pop. 2708. The
south-eastern section is a shelving valley,
traversed by upper part of Gryfe river ;
the northern section is a slope from left
flank of that valley downward to the
Clyde; the south-western section is
mostly moss ; and the western section is
mostly waste or pastoral hill. Chief
residences are Duchall, Carruth, Finlay-
ston, Broadfield, and villas on the
Clyde. There are 2 schools for 330

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261

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scholars, and parts of them for 150
are new.

KILMALIE, parish in Inverness-shire
and Argyleshire. It contains Fort- William
town, Corpach village, and north side of
Ballachulish parish ; comprehends the
district between Kilmanivaig and Loch
Leven, part of Great Glen, and the dis-
tricts of Ardgour and Lochiel ; and is
intersected by the entire length of Loch
Eil, and partly bounded by Loch Linnhe.
Its length is about 60 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 30 miles. Real property in
1880-81, £17,259 and £7117. Pop., quoad
civilia, 2685 and 1434; quoad sacra, 259
and 1149. The coasts have an aggregate
length of about 67 miles, and include
several spots of arable land. The interior
is predominantly and wildly mountainous ;
culminates on the summit of Ben Nevis ;
and, though including glens and valleys, is
capable of cultivation throughout not more
than one acre in three rmndred. Chief
seats are Achnacarry and Ardgour ; and
chief antiquities are remains of an ancient
castle on Lochy river, and remains of a
vitrified fort. The clmrches are 3 Estab-
lished, 3 Free, 2 Episcopalian, and 1
Roman Catholic. There are 10 schools for
656 scholars, and 7 of them for 560 are new.

KILMALUAG, ancient parish, now called
Lismore and Appin, Argyleshire.

KILMALUAG, section of Kilmuir parish,
IsIg of Slcy©

KILMANIVAIG, or KILMONIVAIG, parish
in south-west of Inverness-shire. It con-
tains the post office hamlets of Bridge of
Roy and Invergarry; extends across the
county from boundary with Fortingal in
Perthshire to boundary with Kintail in
Ross-shire ; is intersected by Great Glen
from vicinity of Fort-Augustus to vicinity
of Fort-William ; includes Strathspean,
Glentreig, Glenroy, Glenloy, Glengarry,
Glenqueich, Loch Lochy, and north-west
side of Loch Oich : and measures about 60
miles by 20. Real property in 1880-81,
£21,553. Pop., quoad civilia, 1928 ; quoad
sacra, 1375. A vast proportion of the
surface is wild alpine mountain. The
glens, specially the long reach of Great
Glen and lateral openings from it, exhibit
picturesque features ; but the intermediate
extensive tracts are mostly bleak and stern.
Some sheep farms comprise each an area
of more than 100 square miles. The chief
residences are new Inverlochy Castle,
Invergarry House, and Letterfinlay ; and
the chief antiquity is old Inverlochy
Castle. The churches are 4 Established,
2 Free, and 1 Roman Catholic. Public
schools are at Bridge of Roy, Blarour,
Invergarry, and Inchlaggan.

KILMANY, hamlet and parish in north
of Fife. The hamlet lies 5 miles north-
north-east of Cupar, and has a post office
under Cupar, a parochial church with
about 320 sittings, and a public school with
about 56 scholars. — The parish contains
also Rathillet hamlet, measures 6 miles by

3|, and comprises 5343 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £9572. Pop. 634. The
eastern section is the southern slope of a
hill-range, and the western one is partly
soft hill and partly pleasant valley. Chief
residences are Montquhany and Rathillet
House. A United Presbyterian church is
at Rathillet. Dr. Chalmers' early ministry
was spent in Kilmany.

KILMARDINNY, seat, 5£ miles north-
north-west of Glasgow.

KILMARIE, ruined ancient church in
Arasaig district, Inverness-shire.

KILMARIE, ruined ancient church in
Strath parish, Isle of Skye.

KILMARNOCK, rivulet, town, and
parish in Ayrshire. The rivulet is formed
by two head-streams 9 and 10 miles long
from the north, and runs 2 miles to Irvine
river. — The town occupies a low site around
the rivulet's mouth, 15^ miles north-north-
east of Ayr ; has flat rich environs ; was
only a hamlet in the time of James VI.,
and had not much above 3000 inhabitants
in the time of the poet Burns ; is notable
for objects and reminiscences connected
with Burns' history and poems ; con-
sisted in his time of chiefly mean streets
and lanes ; rose to importance as a seat
of great and various manufacture ;
ranks now as the political capital of about
one-half of Ayrshire, and as a burgh uniting
with Renfrew, Port-Glasgow, Dumbarton,
and Rutherglen in sending a member to
Parliament ; publishes two weekly news-
papers ; carries on manufacture in carpets,
worsteds, bonnets, printed shawls and
plaids, and many other articles ; gave from
1661 to the family of Boyd the title of
earl, forfeited in 1746 by the fourth earl's
participation in the rebellion of 1745 ;
includes the suburbs of Bonniton and
Riccarton, the latter on left bank of the
Irvine ; is partly incompact and strag-
gling, but mostly well-built and pleasing ;
includes a market-place, a square, and
several handsome streets ; and has a head
post office with all departments, railway
communication in five directions, a railway
viaduct of 24 lofty arches, a number of
bridges on the intersecting streams, 7
banking offices, 6 hotels, a town hall, a
fine court-house, an exchange with public
hall, a colossal statue monument of Sir
James Shaw, a public park with monument
of the poet Burns, 6 Established churches,
5 Free churches, 4 United Presbyterian
churches, 2 Evangelical Union churches,
Original Secession, Baptist, Episcopalian,
and Roman Catholic churches, 2 large
primary schools, a higher educational
academy, a philosophical institution, and
fever hospital and infirmary. The public
park sprang from a bequest by Mr. Kay,
comprises 41 acres, cost £12,000, and was
opened in 1879. Burns' Monument stands
in the park's centre, and is partly a marble
statue, 8 feet high, partly an ornament-
al edifice, containing many souvenirs of
the poet. The High and St. Marnock's

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Established churches are elegant modern
structures, and the Grange Free church
is a steepled cruciform edifice of 1878.
Real property of the burgh in 1880-81,
£79,631. Pop. 24,978.— The parish ex-
cludes Riccarton suburb, but includes
Crookedholm village. Its length is about
9 miles ; its greatest breadth about 5
miles ; its area 9444 acres. Real property
of landward part in 1879-80, £25,094.
Pop. of the whole, quoad civilia, 25,864 ;
quoad sacra, 11,623. The surface is partly
flat and partly a very gentle ascent toward
the north ; and nearly all, except sites of
buildings and of traffic, is arable. Coal
is very largely worked and extensively
exported. Villages and hamlets stand
adjacent to the collieries ; and several
mills and mansions are near the town.
Crawfurdland Castle is a stately edifice,
partly ancient and partly modern ; and
Dean and Rowallan Castles, the former
the quondam seat of the Earls of Kilmar-
nock, are interesting antiquities. 25
schools for 4942 scholars are in the parish,
and 6 of them and a class-room for 1800
are new.

KILMARNOCK (HIGH KIRK, ST. AN-
DREW, and ST. MARNOCK), three quoad
sacra parishes, with churches, in Kilmar-
nock, Ayrshire. Pop. 3172, 6915, and 3487.

KILMARON, castellated modern man-
sion, 1\ mile north-north- west of Cupar,
Fife.

KILMARONOCK, parish lying across
foot of Loch Lomond, Dumbartonshire.
It contains Drymen and Caldarvan rail-
way stations, and extends from Endrick
river to vicinity of Balloch, and its post
town is Alexandria. Its length is 1\ miles;
its greatest breadth fully 5 miles ; its area
10,325 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£11,340. Pop. 927. The eastern sec-
tion is hilly and partly moorish, but the
western section is low, arable, and embel-
lished. The seats are Butturich Castle,
Ross Priory, Caldarvan, and Catter ; and
a spot of antiquarian interest is the site of
a Culdee cell, founded by Maronnan or
Maronoch, afterwards a nunnery, noticed
in Sir Walter Scott's Lady of the Lake as
' Maronnan's cell.' The churches are Es-
tablished and United Presbyterian. There
are 2 schools for 172 scholars, and 1 of
them for 80 is new.

KILMARTIN, village and parish on south
border of Lorn district, Argyleshire. The
village stands 8 miles north-north-west of
Lochgilphead, was rebuilt about 1835, is a
neat place with pleasant environs, and has
a post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, under Lochgilphead,
Established, Free, and Episcopalian
churches, and a public school with about
92 scholars. — The parish measures about
12 miles by 3J, includes also Maccaskin
and Ree Islands, and comprises 7882
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £7872.
Pop. 811. Kilmartin vale, traversed by
Skeodnish rivulet, which enters the head

of Loch Crinan, is one of the finest vales
in the Highlands. The two islands Mac-
caskin and Ree lie in Loch Craignish.
The rest of the land is hilly and much
diversified, rises partly to a height of
about 1000 feet on a flank of Loch Awe,
and contains vantage-grounds commanding
extensive magnificent views. The chief
seats are Kilmartin House and Duntroon
Castle ; and chief antiquities are Kilmar-
tin Castle, Carnassarie Castle, and a num-
ber of large cairns. The public school is
new, and has capacity for 160 scholars.

KILMARTIN, rivulet on north-east of
Isle of Skye.

KILMAURS, town and parish in Cun-
ningham district, Ayrshire. The town
stands on Carmel rivulet, 2 miles north-
north- west of Kilmarnock ; is an ancient
place, once notable for cutlery ; adjoins a
quondam residence of the Cunningham
family, Barons Kilmaurs and Earls of
Glencairn ; and has a post office, with
money order department, designated of
Ayrshire, a railway station, a small steep-
led town hall, an old parochial church
originally collegiate, Free and United
Presbyterian churches, and 2 public schools
with about 256 scholars. Pop. 1203.— The
parish contains also the villages of Cross-
house, Elderslie, Fardlehill, Knockan-
tiber, Kirkton, Milton, and Busby. Its
length is 6 miles ; its greatest breadth 2|
miles; its area 5900 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1879-80, £26,734. Pop. 3704.
The surface is a plain diversified with un-
dulations, rising-grounds, and knolls. The
seats are Thornton, Craig, Tour, Tower-
hill, and Carmelbank; and interesting
objects are the castle and coal-field of Bus-
by. There are 3 schools for 754 scholars,
and 2 of them for 640 are new.

KILMAVEONAIG, place in Blair- Athole
parish, Perthshire.

KILMELFORD, ancient parish, now
united to Kilninver, Argyleshire. It has
a post office, with money order department,
under Lochgilphead, a parochial church,
and a public school.

KILMENY, quoad sacra parish in north-
east of Islay Island, Argyleshire. It
measures about 11 miles by 8, and has an
Established church, a Free church, and a
public school with about 100 scholars.
Pop. 1864.

KILMICHAEL, ancient parish, no w part
of Campbelton, Argyleshire.

KILMICHAEL, seat in Glencloy, Arran
Island, Buteshire.

KILMICHAEL, rivulet, running to the
sea, in North Knapdale, Argyleshire.

KILMICHAEL-GLASSARY, hamlet and
parish in Argyle-proper district, Argyle-
shire. The hamlet lies on Add rivulet,
was once an important village, and now
has a post office under Lochgilphead, a
parochial church, and a public school with
about 83 scholars. — The parish is com-
monly called Glassary, and is noticed
under that name.

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EILMICHAEL-INVERLUSSA, place, with
bridge and fine cascade, on Kilmichael
rivulet, in North Knapdale, Argyleshire.

EILMILIAN, old burying-ground near
Inverary, and once the name of Inverary
parish, Argyleshire.

KILMINNING, farm, with site of ancient
chapel, in Crail parish, Fife.

KILMINSTER, lake and extensive moss
in "Wick parish, Caithness.

KILMODAN. See KiLMADAN.

EILMONIVAIG. See Kilmanivaig.

EILMORACE, hamlet, falls, and parish
in north-west of Inverness-shire. The
hamlet lies 2| miles south-west of Beauly,
and has a post office under Beauly, and
a parochial church. — The falls are on
Beauly river, adjacent to the hamlet ;
form one of the finest scenes in Scotland ;
and take character from both striking
diversity in themselves and great force of
feature in their flanks. — The parish con-
tains Beauly village, extends 34 miles
south-westward to head of Strathaffrick,
and has an extreme breadth of about 13
miles. Real property in 1880-81, £20,314.
Bop. 2618. The north-east end is an
open plain about 3 miles in diameter ;
the section extendirg about 7 miles south-
westward thence is richly beautiful and
romantic strath ; and the rest of the area
consists of lakes, glens, moors, and moun-
tains, and is partly alpine. Chief features,
besides Kilmorack falls, are the Dhruim,
Ellan-Aigas, Erchless Castle, Chisholm's
pass, Ord moor, Glenfarrar, Invercannich,
Glencannich, Strathaffrick, Maamsoul, and
Benattow. Chief antiquities are Beauly
Priory, a chain of forts, two standing stones,
and remains of numerous Caledonian stone
circles. Free and Roman Catholic churches
are in Beauly. There are 5 schools for 537
scholars, and 4 of them for 460 are new.

EILMORE, parish, containing Oban town
and Kerrera Island, in Lorn, Argyleshire.
Its mainland part has a proximately cir-
cular outline, and measures about 6^ miles
in diameter. Real property of the whole
in 1880-81, inclusive of Oban burgh,
£30,660. Pop., quoad civilia, 5142 ; quoad
sacra, 627. The mainland coast curves
round from lower part of Loch Etive to head
of Loch Feachan, measures nearly 20 miles
in extent, and is mostly high and rocky,
but includes excellent harbours at Dun-
staffnage and Oban. The land is mostly
hilly, but not high, and includes fertile
vales. Chief objects of interest are Dun-
staffnage Castle, Dunolly Castle, Dunolly
House, and Loch Nell. Two parochial
churches, Kilmore and Kilbride, stand
landward ; and 2 quoad sacra parochial
churches, and Free, United Presbyterian,
Congregational, Episcopalian, and Roman
Catholic churches are in Oban. Public
schools are in Kilmore-Dunach and
Kerrera ; and 3 old schools for 268 scholars
and a new one for 400 are in Oban.

EILMORE, ancient parish, now united
to Kilninian, in Mull Island, Argyleshire.

EILMORE, seat and site of parochial
church in Urquhart parish, Inverness-
shire.

EILMORE, site of parochial church in
Sleat parish, Isle of Skye.

EILMORICH, ancient parish, now united
to Lochgoilhead, Argyleshire. It has a
parochial church at Cairndow on Loch
Fyne, and a public school with about 57
scholars.

EILMORIE, parish, comprehending
Pladda Island, and south end and west
side of Arran Island, Buteshire. It has in
vicinity of Lag a post office designated of
Arran Island, a parochial church, a Free
church, and a public school with about 81
scholars. Its length is 24 miles ; its
greatest breadth 8f miles ; and its area
67,099 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£10,765. Pop. 2574. The coast line in
Arran extends from Glenashdale to mouth
of Loch Ranza; and its entire surface is
described in the articles on Arran and
Pladda. Free churches are at Shisken
and Loch Ranza. There are 7 schools for
516 scholars, and 3 of them for 230 are
new.

EILMORIE, place, with ruined large
ancient church, ancient burying-ground,
and beautiful ancient obelisk, on coast
between Lochs Swin and Killisport, in
Knapdale, Argyleshire.

EILMORIE, seat of Sir John W. C.
Orde, Bart., and ruined church, near
Lochgilphead, Argyleshire.

EILMORIE, place, with ruined ancient
church, in Craignish parish, Argyle-
shire.

EILMORIE, vestige of ancient church
on east coast of Kirkcolm parish, "Wigton-
shire.

EILMORIE, ruined ancient fortalice on
west coast of Bute Island, opposite Inch-
marnock, Buteshire.

EILMSTER, old battlefield in Bower
parish, Caithness.

EILMUIR, parish, comprehending Ias-
gair, Fladdachuain, Tulm, Trodda,
Altivaig, and Fladda islets, and the
north-eastern portion of Skye Island,
Inverness-shire. It has, near its north-
western extremity, a post office under
Portree. Its length, exclusive of the
islets, is 16 miles ; its greatest breadth
8 miles. Real property in 1880-81, £5828.
Pop., quoad civilia, 2562 ; quoad sacra,
1259. The coast has an aggregate ex-
tent of more than 30 miles ; is bold, high,
and rocky ; shows vast numbers of small
bays and headlands ; and includes the
magnificent basaltic semi- amphitheatre of
Loch Staffin. The seaboard, to the mean
breadth of about 2 miles, consists of arable
land, and is naturally divided into the
three districts of Kilmuir, Kilmaluag, and
Steinscholl. The rest of the area is partly
an assemblage of small hills, with inter-
secting small glens, and partly the con-
tinuation of a mountain-range extending
northward from Snizort, and includes

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the wildly romantic hill and hollow of
Quiraing. Chief antiquities are Duntulm
Castle, vestiges of several old chapels, and
remains of six forts ; and an interesting
object is an Iona cross monument to Flora
Macdonald, erected in 1871 over her grave
in Kilmuir churchyard. The churches are
an Established and a Free in Kilmuir-
proper, and an Established and a Free
in Steinscholl. There are 4 schools for
385 scholars, and 3 of them for 286 are
new.

KILMUIR, ancient parish, now called
Duirinish, in Isle of Skye.

KILMUIR-EASTER, parish, containing
Parkhill post office village, Barbaraville
and Portlich villages, and Balintraid har-
bour, on north-west coast of Cromarty
Firth, Ross-shire. Its length is 10 miles ;
its mean breadth about 4 miles. Real
property in 1880-81, £6767. Pop. 1146.
The coast is flat ; the seaboard is low,
arable, and embellished ; and the rest of
the area is partly pastoral, and partly
terminates in barren moor. The seats are
Balnagown, Tarbat, Kindace, and Mil-
mount ; and the chief antiquities are
remains of Tarbat Castle and site of a
Caledonian stone circle. The churches
are Established and Free. There are 3
schools for 170 scholars, and 1 of them
is new.

KILMUIR - WESTER, ancient parish,
now part of Knockbain, Ross-shire.

KILMUN, village and parish in Cowal,
Argyleshire. The village stands on north
side of Holy Loch, 4 miles by water north
of Dunoon ; dates from ancient times, but
was only a hamlet till about 1830 ; had an
elegant collegiate church, erected in 1442
on site of a Culdee cell ; retains the tower
of that church, adjoined by mausoleum of
ducal family of Argyle, erected in 1793 in
lieu of one within the church ; is now a
watering-place, consisting mostly of villas
and ornate cottages ; and has a post office
designated of Argyleshire, a steamboat
pier, an Established church of 1816, and
a Free church. Pop. 323. — The parish is
now annexed to Dunoon.

KILMUNDY, village in Longside parish,
Aberdeenshire.

KILMUX, seat in Scoonie parish, Fife.

KILNEUAIR, place, with ruined old
chapel, in Glassary parish, Argyleshire.

KILNINIAN, parish, consisting of Kil-
ninian-proper and Kilmore, and compre-
hending Calve, Gometra, Ulva, Staffa,
Little Colonsay, and Treshinish Islands,
and all northern peninsula of Mull Island,
Argyleshire. It contains the post town of
Tobermory, and the post office hamlet of
Aros. Its Mull part measures 13 miles by
12. Real property of the whole in 1880-81,
£14,379. Pop., quoad civilia, 2534 ; quoad
sacra, 1185. The Mull part includes all
Mull north of the isthmus between Loch-
na-Keal and Mull Sound, consists mostly
of heathy hills, contains 5 lakes, and has
tracts of arable land generally on the

coast. Chief residences are Calgarry,
Torloisk, and Drumfin ; and chief anti-
quities are Aros Castle, vestiges of strong
fortifications on Cairnbulg Island, and a
Caledonian stone circle on a height near
Kilmore. Parochial churches are at
Kilninian and Kilmore ; quoad sacra
parochial churches are at Tobermory,
Salen, and Ulva; and Free, Baptist, and
Roman Catholic churches are at Tober-
mory. 9 schools for 838 scholars are in
the parish, and 4 of them for 500 are
new.

KILNINVER, hamlet and parish in Lorn,
Argyleshire. The hamlet lies on Euchar
rivulet, near the sea, 8 miles south-by- west
of Oban, and has a post office under Oban,
Established and Free churches, and a
public school. — The parish consists of
Kilninver - proper and Kilmelford, and
measures about 12 miles by 10. Real
property in 1880-81, £5634. Pop. 405.
The coast is indented by Euchar estuary,
a number of bays, and Loch Melford ;
projects two high rocky promontories ; is
elsewhere very rugged ; and has an aggre-
gate extent of about 14 miles. The interior
is variously dale, glen, and hill ; culminates
at about 1500 feet above sea-level ; and
includes about 20 lakes. The antiquities
are Ronaldson's Tower, Colin's Cairn, a
ruined monastery, standing stones, and
tumuli. A parochial church and a public
school are at Kilmelford.

KILNSIDE, seat in Abbey-Paisley parish,
Renfrewshire.

KILPATRICK, small bay at mouth of
Blackwater, west side of Arran Island,
Buteshire.

KILPATRICK, western section of Lennox
Hills, in Dumbartonshire.

KILPATRICK (NEW), village in Dum-
bartonshire, and parish partly also in
Stirlingshire. The village stands 5^ miles
north-west of Glasgow, and has a post
office under Glasgow, Established and
United Presbyterian churches, and a
public school with about 97 scholars. — The
parish contains also Milngavie town, and
Garscadden, Garscube, Knights wood,
Netherton, Craigton, Bluerow, and Dais-
holm villages. Its length is 7| miles; its
greatest breadth 3^ miles ; its area 9303 acres
in Dumbartonshire, and 2747 in Stirling-
shire. Real property in 1880-81, £82,146
and £12,944. Pop., quoad civilia, 7414;
quoad sacra, 4485. The northern section, to
the extent of about 4 square miles, is filled
with part of Kilpatrick Hills ; and the
rest of the land descends in successive
knolly undulations to the Kelvin and the
vicinity of Yoker on the Clyde. Coal,
limestone, and very fine sandstone are
worked. Chief seats are Garscube, Killer-
mont, Garscadden, Clober, Balvie, and
Kilmardinny ; and chief antiquities are
vestiges of Antoninus' Wall, and sites of
two ancient chapels. Established, United
Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic churches
are at Milngavie. 8 schools for 1069 scholars

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are in the parish, and 1 of them for 400 is
new.

KILPATRICK (OLD), village and parish
in Dumbartonshire. The village stands
adjacent to the Clyde, 9 miles by road, but
11 by railway, west-north- west of Glasgow,
was the birthplace of St. Patrick, and has
a post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, under Glasgow, a
railway station, Established and United
Presbyterian churches, and a public school
with about 74 scholars. Pop. 911.— The
parish contains also the towns of Duntocher
and Clydebank, the villages of Bowling, Dal-
muir, Faifley, Hardgate, Milton, Littlemill,
Dumbuck, and part of Yoker. Its length
is nearly 8 miles ; its greatest breadth
nearly 6 miles ; its area 12,554 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £48,619. Pop., quoad
civilia, 8862 ; quoad sacra, 6020. The sur-
face is bounded, along all the south by the
Clyde, and appears pretty fully in view from
a vessel sailing down or up the river. The
Kilpatrick Hills occupy all the north and
part of the centre ; present to the south
picturesque features of declivity, escarp-
ment, ravine, and wood ; strike gradually
toward the Clyde from a distance of about
4 miles in the east to a distance of less
than 1 mile in the west ; have near alti-
tudes of from 800 to 1313 feet above sea-
level ; exhibit, adjacent to Bowling Bay,
the deep broad ravine of Glenarbuck ; and
terminate abruptly in Dumbuck Hill,
about a mile east of Dumbarton Castle.
The ground between the hills and the
Clyde is mostly either sloping or flat.
Chief seats are Auchentorlie, Auchin-
toshan, Mount blow, Dalmuir, and Dum-
buck ; and chief antiquities are site or
vestige of terminal forts of Antoninus'
Wall, a Roman bridge and site of Roman
sudorium at Duntocher, vestiges of several
Caledonian hill-forts, and ivy-clad remains
of Dunglass Castle. Established, Free,
United Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic
churches are at Duntocher, and Established
and United Presbyterian churches are at
Clydebank. 8 schools for 1495 scholars
are in the parish, and 3 of them and
enlargements for 816 are new.

KILPETER, ancient parish, now called
Houston, Renfrewshire.

KILPIRNIE, hill, 1134 feet high, sur-
mounted by turret of last century, in
Newtyle parish, Forfarshire.

KILRAVOCK, castellated seat, variously
ancient and modern, 6 miles south-west of
Nairn, Nairnshire.

KILRENNY, burgh and parish on south-
east coast of Fife. The burgh comprises
Cellardykes coast town, contiguous to east
end of Anstruther, and a small village f
mile to the north-east ; is called Nether
Kilrenny as to Cellardykes, and Upper
Kilrenny as to the village ; has a post
office of the name of Kilrenny under
Anstruther ; and unites with the two
Anstruthers, Pittenweem, Crail, Cupar,
and St. Andrews in sending a member to

Parliament. Real property in 13S0-81,
£4585. Pop. 2759.— The parish measures
about 3J miles by nearly 2J, and comprises
3776 acres. Real propertv of landward
part in 1880-81, £8023. Pop. of the whole,
3198. The surface ascends gently and
evenly from the shore to the northern
boundary. The seats are Innergelly and
Rennyhill. 2 large public schools are in
respectively Cellardykes and the village.

KILRIE, seat near Kinghorn, Fife.

KILRULE, ancient name of St. Andrews,
Fife.

KILRY, quoad sacra parish, with church,
on south border of Glenisla, Forfarshire.
Its post town is Alyth. Its church was
built in 1877. Pop. 381.

KILRY, hill bisecting Glenisla parish,
Forfarshire. It extends east and west,
and divides the parish into nearly equal
parts.

KILSPINDIE, village and parish in
Gowrie district, Perthshire. The village
stands 3 miles north-north-west of Errol,
had anciently a castle, figures in the early
history of Sir William Wallace, and now
has a parochial church with 350 sittings,
and a public school with about 110 scholars.
The parish contains also the post office
village of Rait, measures about 5 miles by
3|, and comprises 6255 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £6854. Pop. 693.
The surface comprises part of Carse of
Gowrie and part of Sidlaw Hills. The
only mansion is Sir Patrick Threipland's
seat of Fingask Castle, and the chief
antiquity is vestige of fortification on
Evelick Hill.

KILSPINDIE, quondam fortalice in
Aberlady parish, Haddingtonshire.

KILSTAY, place, with vestige of ancient
church, in Kirkmaiden parish, Wigton-
shire.

KILSYTH, town and parish on south
border of Stirlingshire. The town stands
at terminus of Kelvin Valley Railway, 12J
miles by road north-east of Glasgow ; is
near the scene of the notable battle of
Kilsyth, fought in 1645 ; gave the title of
viscount to the family of Livingstone till
attaintment in 1716 ; was founded in 1665
in lieu of a previous town on different site ;
carries on considerable trade and manu-
facture ; and has a post office, with all
departments, under Glasgow, 2 banking
offices, Established, Free, United Presby-
terian, Congregational, and Methodist
churches, and 2 public schools with about
471 scholars. Pop. 5405.— The _ parish
contains also Banton and Auchinmully
villages, measures 1\ miles by 4f, and
comprises 13,121 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £28,164. Pop., quoad civilia,
6840 ; quoad sacra, 6047. The southern
section is part of the strath of Forth and
Clyde Canal, and the northern section is
part of the Lennox Hills. Coal, ironstone,
limestone, and a fine sandstone are worked.
A chief mansion is Sir William Edmon-
stone's seat of Colzium House ; a chief

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KIN

antiquity is the ruin of Kilsyth Castle,
long the seat of the Livingstones ; and
other antiquities are ruins of Colzium
Castle, remains of two Caledonian forts,
and vestiges of two Roman forts. A quoad
sacra parochial church is at Banton, and 2
public schools with about 301 scholars are
landward.

KILSYTH AND FALKIRK RAILWAY.

See Falkirk and Kilsyth.

KILTARLITY, hamlet and parish in
north-west of Inverness-shire. The ham-
let lies in right side of Strathglass, 3J
miles south-west of Beauly, and has a post
office under Beauly, Established and Free
churches, and a public school. — The parish
extends south-westward alongside of
Kilmorack to head of Strathaffrick, and
measures about 37 miles by 6. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £11,670. Pop. 2134.
The surface includes Glenconveth on the
south-east ; is, with slight exception,
separated from Kilmorack by the con-
tinuous line of Affrick, Glass, and Beauly
rivers ; and, exclusive of glens in the north-
west, shares all the characters and attrac-
tions of Kilmorack. Chief seats are
Beaufort Castle and Belladrum ; and chief
antiquities are Caledonian stone circles
and vitrified forts. An Established mis-
sion church is in the south-west ; a Free
church, besides that of Kiltarlity, is in
Strathglass ; and a Roman Catholic church
is at Eskadale. Six schools for 534 scholars
are in the parish, and 2 of them and a
class-room for 175 are new.

KILTEARN, parish, containing Evanton
post office village and Drummond village,
on west side of Cromarty Firth, Ross-
shire. It extends about 6 miles along the
coast, and about 20 miles inland. Real
property in 1880-81, £10,474. Pop. 1182.
The tract on the firth, with breadth of
from 1 to 2 miles, is arable, fertile, and
embellished ; and all the rest of the land
is hill and mountain, mostly covered with
heath, and culminating on part of Benwy-
vis. The seats are Fowlis Castle, Balcony,
and Novar ; and the chief antiquities are re-
mains of five chapels and burying-grounds.
The churches are Established and Free.
There are 2 schools for 235 scholars, and 1 of
them and an enlargement for 154 are new.

KILTONGUE, mineral- field in New
Monkland parish, Lanarkshire.

KILTYRE, place, with public school, in
Kenmore parish, Perthshire.

KILVARIE, site of ancient church in
Muckairn parish, Argyleshire.

KILVICEUEN, ancient parish, now
united to Kilfinichen, Mull Island, Ar-
gyleshire.

KILWINNING, town and parish in Cun-
ningham, Ayrshire. The town stands on
Garnock river, 3f miles south-by-east of
Dairy ; dates from ancient times ; was
the mother-place of Scottish freemasonry ;
is engirt with low, luxuriant, well-wooded
environs ; carries on considerable trade
and manufacture ; and has a post office,

with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Ayrshire, a railway
station, 2 banking offices, a hotel, Estab-
lished, Free, United Presbyterian, Original
Secession, and Evangelical Union churches,
remains of an ancient abbey, and a large
public school. Pop. 3469. — The parish
contains also Eglinton village, with iron-
works, and the villages of Bensley, Doura,
Dalgarven, and Fergushill. Its length is
about 7 miles ; its greatest breadth about
5 miles ; its area 10,989 acres. Real
property in 1879-80, £37,725. Pop. 7037.
The surface is partly plain and valley,
partly an assemblage of undulations and
low hills ; and it abounds with wood and
ornature. Coal and limestone are ex-
tensively worked. A chief feature is the
Earl of Eglinton's seat of Eglinton Castle ;
and the chief antiquity is part of the
ancient Abbey church, presenting fine
features, and adjoined by a bell-tower of
1816. A chapel-of-ease is at Fergushill.
Seven schools for 1675 scholars are in the
parish, and 2 of them for 810 are new.

KIMMERGHAM, seat on the Blackadder
in Edrom parish, Berwickshire.

KINALDIE, railway station and seat,
10J miles north-west of Aberdeen.

KINALDIE, seat, 3| miles south of St.
Andrews, Fife.

KINARDY, ancient mansion on the
Deveron, 2 miles south - south - west of
Aberchirder, Banffshire.

KINBATTOCK, place, with tumuli and
ruined ancient church, in Towie parish,
Aberdeenshire.

KINBEACHIE, lake at western extremity
of Resolis parish, Ross-shire.

KINBEAN, hill in Aberdour parish,
Aberdeenshire.

KINBLYTHMONT, seat, 3J miles north-
by-west of Arbroath, Forfarshire.

KINBRACE, place in north-east of Kil-
donan parish, Sutherland. It has a post
office designated of Sutherlandshire, and
a station on the Sutherland and Caithness
Railway.

KINBROOM, seat in Fyvie parish, Aber-
deenshire.

KINBUCK, village, 2£ miles north-north-
east of Dunblane, Perthshire. It has a
railway station, and a public school with
about 94 scholars.

KINCAID, seat and print-field in Campsie
parish, Stirlingshire.

KINCAIRNEY, village and mansion in
Caputh parish, Perthshire.

KINCALDRUM, estate, with mansion,
in Inverarity parish, Forfarshire. It has
a post office under Forfar.

KINCAPLE, village, 3 miles west-north-
west of St. Andrews, Fife.

KINCARDINE, seaport town on north
side of Firth of Forth, 2| miles south of
a railway station of its own name, and 5
miles south-east of Alloa. It adjoins
embankments of two great land recla-
mations, completed in 1823 and 1838 ;
presents an uninviting appearance, yet

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contains some good houses ; and has a
post office, with all departments, under
Alloa, 2 banking offices, Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian churches,
and a large public school.

KINCARDINE, parish containing Blair-
Drummond post office station, Norrieston,
Kirklane, and Woodlane villages, and
most of Thornhill post office village, on
south border of Perthshire. It is bounded
on the south by the river Forth ; consists
of two sections, separated from each other
at a mean distance of 2\ miles ; measures
about 7 miles in length inclusive of the
intersection, and about 3^ miles in greatest
breadth ; and comprises 10,504 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £16,046. Pop. 1359.
About two-thirds of the land are carse, and
the rest to the north is a gently ascending
ridge with maximum height of about 300
feet. Much of the carse is rich land elabo-
rately reclaimed from old superincumbent
deep moss. A chief feature is Blair-Drum-
mond mansion ; and chief antiquities are
three tumuli in Blair-Drummond park.
The parochial church stands 4 miles east
of Norrieston, and is a handsome edifice of
1816. A quoad sacra parochial church and
a Free church are at Norrieston. Three
schools for 377 scholars are in the parish,
and part of one of them for 52 is new.

KINCARDINE, hamlet and parish on
north border of Ross-shire. The hamlet lies
on Kyle of Dornoch Firth, 2 miles south-
east of Bonar-Bridge, and has Established
and Free churches and a public school. —
The parish contains also Ardgay post office
village ; includes Croick quoad sacra
parish ; extends westward along the Kyle
and Oikell river ; measures upwards of 35
miles in length ; and is not more than 5
miles broad in the east, but widens to
about 20 miles in the west. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £12,751. Pop., quoad
civilia, 1472; quoad sacra, 1278. The
coast is flat and sandy, and the interior
consists of pastoral uplands with intersect-
ing straths or glens, and contains many
small lakes, Scandinavian dunes are in
several places. An Established church is
at Croick, and a Free church is at Rosehall.
Six schools for 290 scholars are in the
parish, and 4 of them for 220 are new.

KINCARDINE, ancient parish, now united
to Abernethy, in Inverness-shire. It has a
parochial church with about 600 sittings.

KINCARDINE, romantic glen, traversed
by Madrany rivulet, crossed by a six-
arched railway viaduct, and containing
ruins of an ancient ducal castle, in Black-
ford parish, Perthshire.

KINCARDINE, quondam town, 4 miles
north-west of Laurencekirk, Kincardine-
shire. It gave name to the county, had a
royal palace, was the county's political
capital till the time of James VI., and
declined into the condition of a small
hamlet.

KINCARDINE-O'NEIL, village, parish,
and district in south-west of Aberdeen-

shire. The village stands on the Dee, 3
miles west-south-west of Lumphanan
railway station, has picturesque environs,
is a resort of summer visitors, and has a
post office, with money order department,
under Aberdeen, an inn, Established, Free,
and Episcopalian churches, and a public
school with about 112 scholars. — The parish
measures fully 8 miles by 5, and comprises
18,182 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£11,522. Pop., quoad civilia, 1931 ; quoad
sacra, 1101. The surface consists of three
straths or parts of straths, with consider-
able intervening hills ; has, in two of
the straths, an elevation of between 400
and 500 feet above sea-level ; and includes
part of the hill of Fare. Chief residences
are Kincardine House, Desswood, Learney,
Camfield, and Craigmyle. There are 5
schools for 367 scholars. — The district
comprehends a small part of the lower
portion of the Dee's basin, all of the
central portion belonging to Aberdeen-
shire, and the whole of the upper portion,
and includes a small part of the central
portion of the Don's basin. Its length is
57 miles ; its breadth from 8 to 16 miles.

KINCARDINESHIRE, or MEARNS, mari-
time county between Aberdeenshire and
Forfarshire. It extends 30 miles along
the German Ocean from the Dee to the
North Esk, and 22 miles westward to
Mount Battock ; but it has a triangular
outline, with the sharpest angle at the
mouth of the Dee ; and it comprises only
388 square miles. The seaboard from the
Dee to Stonehaven, measuring about 50
square miles, has a bold rocky shore, and
is prevailingly bleak and moorish. The
seaboard from Stonehaven to the North
Esk, comprising about 88 square miles,
has mostly a cliffy shore, from 100 to 300
feet high, and is mostly an assemblage of
hills not more than 500 feet high, with
profuse intermixture of ravine, vale, and
plain. The How, extending from Stone-
haven to the south-western boundary, and
comprising about 50 square miles, is the
eastern part of Strathmore, only about 5
furlongs wide at the coast, but gradually
expanding to a width of about 5 miles to
the south-west, and forms a low luxuriant
champaign. The Deeside section, extend-
ing about 13 miles along the right side of
the Dee, and about 9| miles farther on
both side's, and comprising about 80 square
miles, is much diversified with flats and
heights, abounds in wood, and exhibits
aggregately a fine appearance. The rest
of the county, comprising about 120
square miles, is filled with an offset of the
Central Grampians, or rather is an ascent
to them from the seaboard ; rises from
heights of from 500 to 600 feet in the east
to the summit of Mount Battock in the
west ; and, with exception of intersecting
vales, is nearly all rugged and sterile.
The chief streams, besides the two great
ones on the boundaries, are the Feugh and
theSheeoch, running to the Dee; the Cowie,

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the Carron, and the Bervie, running to the
ocean ; and. the Luther, running to the
North Esk. Granite is the principal rock,
but good sandstone exists and is quarried.
Agriculture is well advanced, but neither
manufacture nor commerce makes much
figure. The antiquities include Caledonian
stone circles, large cairns, remains of three
Eoman camps, the ruins of Finella Castle,
and the imposing ruined mass of Dun-
nottar Castle. The only town with more
than 3000 inhabitants is Stonehaven ; the
towns with each more than 1000 are
Laurencekirk, Johnshaven, and Bervie ;
and the villages with each more than 300
are Banchory, Gourd on, Torry, Luther-
muir, Cove, Auchenblae, Fettercairn,
Skaterow, Findon, Portlethen, and Drum-
lithie. Eeal property in 1880-81, £255,413.
Pop. in 1871, 34,630 ; in 1881, 34,460.

KINCLAVEN, parish in Stormont dis-
trict, Perthshire. It contains Arntully
village, and its post town is Stanley. Its
length is 4f miles ; its greatest breadth 3
miles ; its area 6136 acres. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £7641. Pop., quoad civilia, 588 ;
quoad sacra, 490. The surface lies along
right side of the Tay, adjoins Campsie linn,
rises gently into an inconsiderable ridge,
and consists mostly of arable land. Kin-
claven Castle, now a ruin, was anciently a
royal residence, and figures in the history
of Sir William "Wallace. The churches are
Established and United Presbyterian. The
public school has capacity for 45 scholars.

KINCORTH, seat in Dyke parish, Elgin-
shire.

KINCRAIG, bold cavernous headland,
nearly 200 feet high, at east horn of Largo
Bay, Fife.

KINCRAIG, place, 5f miles north-east of
Kingussie, Inverness-shire. It has a post
office under Kingussie, and a railway
station.

KINCRAIG, seat near Invergordon, Boss-
shire. •

KINDACE, seat in Kilmuir - Easter
parish, Boss-shire.

KINDALLACHAN, village in Dowally
parish, Perthshire.

KINDER, lake, with 2 islets, If mile
south of Newabbey, Kirkcudbrightshire.

KINDY, rivulet, traversing Glenkindy,
in Strathdon parish, Aberdeenshire.

KINEARNY, ancient parish, now divided
between Cluny and Midmar, Aberdeen-
shire.

KINEDAR. See King-Edward.

KINEDDAR, two seats, Under and
Upper, in Saline parish, Fife.

KINEDER, ancient parish, with traces
of parochial church and Episcopal chapel,
now in Drainie, Elginshire.

KINELLAN, lake in Contin parish, Boss-
shire.

KINELLAR, parish, containing Black-
burn post office and part of Kintore burgh,
in Aberdeenshire. Its length is fully 4
miles ; its greatest breadth fully 2 miles ;
its area 4217 acres. Eeal property of

landward part in 1880-81, £5105. Pop. 580.
The surface is undulated, and includes
part of a heathy tract with numerous
tumuli. The public school has capacity
for 99 scholars.

KINETHMONT. See Kennethmont.

KINFAUNS, parish, containing rail-
way station of its own name, 3f miles east-
south-east of Perth. It contains also
Glencarse post office and railway station,
at 6f miles from Perth ; measures about 5
miles by 2J; and comprises 4291 acres.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £10,312. Pop.
583. The surface includes part of
Kinnoul Hill, consists largely of other
portions of the Sidlaws, descends thence
towards Carse of Gowrie, and includes a
flat tract along the Tay. Kinfauns Castle,
at 1\ miles east-south-east of Perth, is a
splendid edifice of 1822, and has rich sur-
roundings of wood, slope, hill, and crag.
Other seats are Seggieden, Glencarse, and
Glendoig. The churches are Established
and Free. The public school has about

KINGAIRLO CH, district, about 12 miles
long, on north-west side of Loch Linnhe,
Argyleshire. It has a post office under
Strontian, and a public school.

KINGARTH, parish, comprising southern
part of Bute Island, Buteshire. It has a
post office under Bothesay, and contains
the villages of Ascog, Kilchattan-Bay,
Kerrycroy, and Piperhall. Its length
is 6r? miles ; its mean breadth about 1\
miles ; its area 8995 acres. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £9943. Pop. 1260. About
4315 acres are arable, about 940 are under
wood, and the rest of the land is pastoral
or moorish. A chief feature is the
Marquis of Bute's seat of Mount Stuart.
The churches are 1 Established and 2 Free.
There are 3 schools for 234 scholars, and 1
of them and a class-room for 75 are new.

KINGCASE, ruined ancient lepers'
hospital, near Prestwick, Ayrshire.

KINGCAUSIE, seat in Maryculter parish,
Kincardineshire.

KING-EDWARD, parish, with railway
station, 4% miles north of Turriff, on north-
west border of Aberdeenshire. It has a
post office under Banff, and it contains the
post office village of Newby th, and includes
most of Newbyth quoad sacra parish. Its
length is 9 miles ; its greatest breadth,
including a slightly detached district on
the north, is 6^ miles ; and its area is
18,570 acres. Beal property in 1880-81,
£13,820. Pop., quoad civilia, 3064 ; quoad
sacra, 1164. The river Deveron traces
most of the western boundary ; and the
rivulet King-Edward runs about 9 miles
westward to it, at about 4 miles from
Banff. The land is partly a vale along
that rivulet, and mostly an assemblage of
low grounds and considerable eminences.
Chief seats are Montcoffer and Eden ; and
the chief antiquity is a ruined baronial
fortalice called King-Edward Castle. The
parochial church stands about If mile

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from the western boundary ; an Established
church and a Free Church preaching-
station are at Newbyth ; and a Congrega-
tional church is at Millseat. Six schools
for 649 scholars are in the quoad sacra
parishes of King-Edward and Newbyth,
and 2 of them and enlargements for 365
are new.

KINGENNIE, railway station and estate
in north of Monifieth parish, Forfarshire.

KINGERLOCH. See Kingairloch.

KINGHORN, town and parish on south
coast of Fife. The town stands on a
slope, 3J miles south-by-Avest of Kirk-
caldy; adjoins the headland of King-
hornness, projecting to the south ; dates
from remote times, and had anciently a
royal castle ; sank into mean condition, but
underwent modern renovation; acquired
in 1878-79 a powerful battery, to co-operate
with the fortifications on Inchkeith, in
defence of Firth of Forth ; is a royal
burgb, uniting with Kirkcaldy, Dysart,
and Burntisland in sending a member to
Parliament ; and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Fifeshire, a railway station,
a bunking office, a town hall, Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian churches,
and a public school with capacity for 400
scholars. Real property in 1880-81, £5691.
Pop. 1790. — The parish contains also a
suburb of Kirkcaldy and the harbour of
Pettycur ; includes Inchkeith Island ;
measures, on the mainland, about 4f
miles by 3| ; and comprises 5212 acres.
Peal property of landward part in 1880-81,
£11,627. Pop., quoad civilia, 3650 ; quoad
sacra, 2680. The surface rises in some
parts abruptly, in other parts gradually,
from the shore ; and it exhibits elsewhere
a pleasing diversity of feature upward to
a culminating hill about 600 feet high.
The seats are Kilrie, Glassmount, Abden,
and Balmuto. Established and Free
churches are in Invertiel.

KINGLASSIE, village and parish in
Kirkcaldy district, Fife. The village
stands on Lochty rivulet, 2^ miles south-
west of Leslie, and has a post office under
Kirkcaldy, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 197 scholars.
Pop. 351. — The parish contains also small
part of Leslie town, measures 4^ by 2f
miles, and comprises 7717 acres. Peal
property in 1880-81, £12,223. Pop. , quoad
civilia, 1292; quoad sacra, 1222. The
Leven traces the northern boundary, the
Lochty traverses the west centre, and
the Ore traces part of the southern bound-
ary. The land adjacent to the streams is
flat, and thence rises into three successive
ridges of various gradient and height. A
country seat of an extensive landowner is
the chief residence ; a lofty tower of 1812
on a hill summit is a conspicuous object ;
and a small sculptured pillar, supposed to
be Danish, is the chief antiquity. A large
public school is at Cluny.

KINGLEDOORS, burn and site of ancient

chapel in Drummelzier parish, Peebles-
i shire.

KINGOLDRUM. village and parish in
west of Forfarshire. The village stands
4 miles west-by-north of Kirriemuir ; con-
tains the parochial church and a public
school; and has Kirriemuir as its post
town. — The parish measures 6J by 3 miles,
and comprises 9619 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £7150. Pop. 389. The southern
section lies about 600 feet above sea-level,
and the northern one consists of part of
Benchinnan Mountains, and culminates on
the summit of Catlaw. The seats are
Baldovie and Pearsie ; and the antiquities
are a large cairn on Catlaw, two Cale-
donian stone circles, and the ruined castle
of Balfour.

KINGOODIE, village and famous sand-
stone quarries on Firth of Tay, 3| miles
west of Dundee.

KINGOODIE, hill in Bourtie parish,
Aberdeenshire.

KINGPOOL, place at conflux of Black
Esk and White Esk, Dumfriesshire.

KINGSBARNS, village and parish on
east coast of Fife. The village stands 3
miles north-north-west of Crail; got its
name from a quondam royal granary ;
and has a post office under St. Andrews,
a church with 650 sittings, and a public-
school with about 107 scholars. Pop. 389.
— The parish measures 3J miles by 2^,
and comprises 4074 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £9559. Pop. 795. The shore is.
low and rocky, and the interior rises slowly
to the eastern boundary. The seats are
Kingsbarns House, Cambo, and Pitmilly.

KINGSBECK, burn in Culter parish,.
Lanarkshire.

KINGSBURGH, seat, 6 miles south of
Uig village, Isle of Skye. It was a retreat
of Prince Charles Edward after the battle
of Culloden.

KING'S CAIRN, place, 3J miles north-
by- west of Anstruther, Fife.

KING'S CAIRN, cairn-crowned eminence
in Rathven parish, Banffshire.

KING'S CAUSEWAY, rough footpath
across a moor in Tain parish, Ross-shire.
King James v. travelled along it barefoot
on a pilgrimage to St. Duthus sanctuary.

KING'S CAVE, retreat of King Robert
Bruce within a cliff on Drimadown Bay,
in Arran Island, Buteshire.

KINGSCAVIE, place, with public school,
in Linlithgow parish, Linlithgowshire.

KING'S CRAIG, ivy-clad rock, death-
place of King Alexander III., about a mile
west of Kinghorn, Fife.

KING'S CROSS, headland and hamlet
between Lamlash and Whiting bays in
Arran Island, Buteshire. The hamlet has
a post office under Lamlash.

KING'S CROSS, stone said to have held
the royal Scottish standard at an ancient
battle, H mile north-west of Dundee.

KINGSDALE, seat in Kennoway parish,
Fife.

KING'S DYKES, hill, with vestiges of

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270

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Roman camp, in Fetteresso parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

KINGSEAT, village in Dunfermline par-
ish, Fife. Pop. 724.

KINGSFORD, place, with public school,
in Sbewarton parish, Ayrshire.

KING'S FOREST, ancient royal hunting-
ground in Kells parish, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

KING'S HAUGH, place in Forteviot par-
ish, Perthshire.

KING'S HAUGH, place, said to have
been site of a royal palace, in Cabrach
parish, Banffshire.

KING'S HILL, isolated eminence, extend-
ing from Mauchry Bay to Drimadown
Bay, on west coast of Arran Island, Bute-
shire.

KING'S HOLM, field adjacent to the
Nith in southern vicinity of Dumfries.

KING'S HOUSE, place, with railway sta-
tion and inn, lOf miles north-north- west of
Callander, Perthshire.

KING'S HOUSE, place with inn, amid
wild high moorland, 18 miles north-by-
east of Dalmally, Argyleshire.

RINGSIDE, farm, with site of hunting-
seat of King James VI., in Eddlestone
parish, Peeblesshire.

KING'S INCH, quondam island in the
Clyde, now forming Elderslie demesne,
adjacent to Renfrew. It contained a royal

KING'S INCH, small tract, distinctively
different from surrounding heath, in
Channelkirk parish, Berwickshire.

KING'S ISLAND, islet in Loch Laggan,
Inverness-shire.

KINGSKETTLE. See Kettle.

KING'S KNOT, symmetrical octagonal
mound on low ground adjacent to south
skirt of Castle rock, Stirling. It was
formed by King James I. , and long used for
some royal game.

KINGSKNOWE, railway station, 3 miles
south-west of Edinburgh.

KING'S LAW, hill in Carluke parish,
Ltii i sliirc

KINGSMEADOWS, seat of Sir Robert
Hay, Bart., on right bank of the Tweed,
in vicinity of Peebles.

KINGSMUIR, hamlet on south border
of Forfar parish, Forfarshire. It has a
railway station, and a public school with
about 52 scholars.

KINGSMUIR, estate on south border of
Dunino parish, Fife.

KING'S PASS, picturesque defile be-
tween Craigiebarns and King's Seat, in
vicinity of Dunkeld, Perthshire.

KING'S PATH, acclivitous rock, with
ancient cut path to its summit, in Nigg
parish, Ross-shire.

KING'S SEAT, rocky, wooded, pictur-
esque hill in vicinity of Dunkeld, Perth-
shire.

KING'S SEAT, one of the Ochil Hills,
in Dollar parish, Clackmannanshire.

KING'S SEAT, eminence near Clack-
mannan town, Clackmannanshire.

KING'S SEAT, one of the Sidlaw Hills,
in Abernyte parish, Perthshire.

KING'S SEAT, lofty picturesque hill,
adjacent to the Ericht, in Alyth parish,
Perthshire.

KING'S SEAT, eminence in Oathlaw
parish, Forfarshire.

KING'S SEAT, cairn-crowned hill on
mutual border of Garvock and Benholm
parishes, Kincardineshire.

KING'S SONS, sunken rock, about a
mile long, near Nigg coast, Ross-shire.

KINGSTON, suburb of Glasgow, with
quoad sacra parish containing Established
and Free churches, on south bank of the
Clyde, contiguous to west side of Trades-
ton. Pop. of quoad sacra parish, 6928.

KINGSTON, village, 7 miles north of
Haddington. It has a post office under
North Berwick.

KINGSTON, seaport village at mouth of
the Spey, between Garmouth and the sea,
in Elginshire. Pop. 326.

KINGSWELLS, place in Newhills parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a Free church, and
a public school with about 74 scholars.

KINGUSSIE, village and parish in
Badenoch district, Inverness-shire. The
village stands on the Spey, 44J miles by
road, but 72£ by railway, south-by-east of
Inverness ; was founded on the precincts
of an ancient monastery, about the end of
last century ; came recently into notice as
a desirable resort of summer rusticators ;
was designed in 1880 to acquire drainage
and waterworks; is adjacent to an emi-
nence crowned by the ruin of a Government
barrack, and commanding an extensive
view ; and has a head post office with
money order and telegraph departments,
a railway station, 2 banking offices, a
hotel, a court-house, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
215 scholars. Pop. 645. — The parish
contains also the villages of Ralia and
Newtownmore, includes the quoad sacra
parish of Insch, and measures about 21
miles by 18. Real property in 1880-81,
£15,011. Pop., quoad civilia, 1987; quoad
sacra, 1590. The surface includes a reach
of the Spey's valley averagely about 850 feet
above sea-level, and rises thence, on the one
side, to summit-line of Central Grampians,
on the other side, to summit-line of Mon-
adhleadh Mountains. A chief residence is
Belleville. An Established church is at
Insch. Six schools for 500 scholars are in
the parish, and 4 of them for 300 are new.

KINHARVEY, seat in Newabbey parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

KINK, hill in Oxnam parish, Roxburgh-
shire.

KINKELL, place on the Earn, 3 miles
north-north-west of Auchterarder, Perth-
shire. It has a bridge and a United
Presbyterian church.

KINKELL, ancient parish, now united
to Keithhall, Aberdeenshire.

KINKELL, coast cavern about a mile
east of St. Andrews, Fife.

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271

KIN

KINKELL, section of upland part of
Fordoun parish, Kincardineshire.

KINKELL, old castle, 4 miles south-
south-east of Dingwall, Ross-shire.

KINLOCH, parish contiguous to west
side of Blairgowrie parish, Perthshire. It
measures 9 miles in length and 2\ in
greatest breadth ; and it is annexed to
Lethendy, lying detached from it to the
south. Real property in 1880-81, £4331.
The surface for 2£ miles from the south is
flat, and it thence, till within a mile of
Airdle rivulet, rises in gentle regular
ascent. The chief residence is Marlee,
and the chief antiquities are Glasscune
Castle and Haercairns tumuli. The public
school has about 47 scholars.

KINLOCH, village in Collessie parish,
Fife.

KINLOCH, seat in Meigle parish, Perth-
shire.

KINLOCH, place, with public school, in
Morvern parish, Argyleshire.

KINLOCH, rivulet entering head of Kyle
of Tongue, Sutherland.

KINLOCHALINE, old turreted castle at
head of Loch Aline, in Morvern parish,
Argyleshire.

KINLOCHARD, place at head of Loch
Ard, in Aberfoyle parish, Perthshire. It
has a post office under Stirling.

KINLOCH-AYLORT, hamlet, with inn, in
Arasaig district, Inverness-shire.

KINLOCH-BERVIE, hamlet and quoad
sacra parish on west coast of Sutherland.
The hamlet lies on Loch Inch ard, 9 miles
north-by-east of Scourie, and has a post
office under Lairg, and Established and
Free churches. — The parish was consti-
tuted in 1846. Pop. 920.

KINLOCHEWE, hamlet at head of Loch
Maree, 42^ miles west of Dingwall, Ross-
shire. It has a post office under Auch-
nasheen, and an inn.

KINLOCH-KERRAN. See Campbelton,
Argyleshire.

KINLOCH-LOCHY, place at head of
Loch Lochy, Great Glen, Inverness-
shire.

KINLOCH -LUICHART, quoad sacra
parish, with church, on north side of Loch
Luichart, 20^ miles west of Dingwall,
Ross-shire. Pop. 632.

KINLOCH-MOIDART, hamlet and seat
at head of Loch Moidart, in south-west
extremity of Inverness-shire. The hamlet
has a post office under Salen, and an
Episcopalian church.

KINLOCHMORE, place at head of Loch
Leven, on mutual border of Inverness-shire
and Argyleshire.

KINLOCH-RANNOCH, hamlet and quoad
sacra parish in Breadalbane, Perthshire.
The hamlet lies at foot of Loch Rannoch,
and has a good inn, a church, and a public
school. Pop. of the parish, 894.

KINLOCH-SNIZORT, place, with inn, at
head of Loch Snizort, 13 miles west-north-
west of Portree, Isle of Skye.

KINLOCH-SPELVIE, quoad sacra parish

in south-east of Mull Island, Argyleshire.
It was constituted in 3845, and it has a
church of 1828, and a public school with
about 50 scholars. Pop. 302.

KINLOSS, village and parish on coast of
Elginshire. The village stands 1\ mile
north of railway station of its own name,
at 3 miles east-north-east of Forres, gives
the title of baron to the Earl of Elgin,
and has an Established church, a Free
church, vestiges of an abbey of 1150, and
a public school with about 81 scholars. —
The parish contains also the post office
village of Findhorn, measures between 3
and 4 miles in both length and breadth,
and comprises 5184 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £7980. Pop. 1072. The coast
is low and the interior is flat. The chief
seats are Grange Hall and Seapark. There
are 2 public schools for 214 scholars, and
1 of them and a class-room for 156 are
new.

KINMOUNT, seat of the Marquis of
Queensberry in Cummertrees parish,
Dumfriesshire.

KINMUCK, hamlet and moor in Keith-
hall parish, Aberdeenshire. The hamlet
has a post office under Inverury, and the
moor has the remains of an ancient camp,
and is said to have been the scene of a
great battle between the Danes and the
Scotch.

KINNAIRD, hamlet and parish in east
of Perthshire. The hamlet lies 2| miles
north-west of Inchture, and has a modern
church, and a public school with about 85
scholars. The parish contains also four
other hamlets, and its post town is Inch-
ture; and it gives the peerage title of
baron to the family of Kinnaird, whose
seat — Rossie Priory — is in Inchture parish.
Its length is nearly 3 miles ; its breadth
about 2 miles ; its area 3498 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £3424. Pop. 260.
The smaller part of the land is in Carse of
Gowrie, the larger part in Carse Braes.
Kinnaird Castle is a stately structure of
12th century, belonged for a time to the
Crown, belongs now to Sir Patrick M.
Threipland, Bart., and was externally
renovated from a ruined state in 1855.

KINNAIRD, ancient parish, now divided
between Farnell and Brechin, Forfarshire.
Kinnaird Castle here is the seat of the Earl
of Southesk.

KINNAIRD, village in north-eastern
vicinity of Carron ironworks, Stirlingshire.
Kinnaird House, a little to the north,
was the seat and death -place of the
Abyssinian traveller, Bruce.

KINNAIRD, seat, A\ miles north-north-
west of Dunkeld, Perthshire. It occupies
a romantic site, and belongs to the Duke
of Athole.

KINNAIRD, hamlet in Moulin parish,
Perthshire.

KINNAIRD, promontory adjacent to
Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire. A light-
house is on it, with fixed light visible
at the distance of 17 nautical miles.

272

KIN

KINNEAR, estate in Kilmany parish,
Fife.

KINNEDER. See Kinedee.

KINNEFF, hamlet and parish on coast
of Kincardineshire. The hamlet lies 2
miles north-north-east of Bervie, and has
a post office under Stonehaven, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 131 scholars. — The parish con-
tains also the village of Caterline, measures
about 5 miles by 4, and comprises 7130
acres. Eeal property in 1880-81, £8725.
Pop. 997. The coast is all a range of
clitf, about ISO feet high, and the interior
has a diversity from low to hilly. Vestiges
exist of three old castles and two old
chapels. The Scottish regalia, in the
time of Cromwell, were hidden beneath
the pulpit of the parochial church. There
are 4 schools for 332 scholars, and 1 of
them for 60 is new.

KINNEIL, village and ancient parish, now
part of Borrowstownness, Linlithgowshire.
Pop. of the village, 373. Kinneil House is
a seat of the Duke of Hamilton.

KINNEL, river, running about 19 miles
south - south - eastward to the Annan at
1^ mile north-east of Lochmaben, Dum-
friesshire.

KINNELHEAD, place, with site of ancient
fortalice, in Kirkpatrick - Juxta parish,
Dumfriesshire.

KINNELL, parish, with church, on Lunan
river, 7 miles north-north-west of Ar-
broath, Forfarshire. Its post town is
Arbroath. Its greatest length is 4f miles ;
its greatest breadth 2| miles ; its area
6577 acres. Eeal property in 1880-81,
£9313. Pop. 696. The surface rises
gradually northward from the Lunan, and
includes Bolshan Hill and part of Mon-
rithmont Moor. The public school is
new, and has capacity for 148 scholars.

KINNELL, seat in Killin parish, Perth-
shire.

KINNESHEAD. See Kennishead.

KINNESSWOOD, village on east side of
Loch Leven, 5 miles by road from Kin-
ross.

KINNETHMONT. See Kennethmont.

KINNETTAS, ancient parish, now part
of Fodderty, Eoss-shire.

KINNETTLES, village and parish in
Forfarshire. The village stands 3 miles
south-west of Forfar, was founded in 1813,
and has Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 112 scholars.
— The parish contains also the post office
village of Douglastown, measures about 3j
miles by 2£, and comprises 2860 acres.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £6236. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 386 ; quoad sacra, 418. The
surface consists of part of Strathmore, an
oblong hill about 356 feet high, and a valley
among the Sidlaws. The seats are Kinnettles
House, Invereighty, Brigton, and Ingliston.

KINNIEL. See Kinneil.

KINNIEUCHAR. See KlLCONQDHAE.

KINNING-PARK, suburb of Glasgow on
south side of the Clyde, between Gorbals

and Govan. It is entirely modern, was
constituted a police burgh in 1871, and
has a post office, with money order depart-
ment, under Glasgow, a banking office,
Established and Free churches, and a
public school with about 1064 scholars.
Pop. 11,552.

KINNINMONTH, quoad sacra parish a
short distance north of Mintlaw, Aber-
deenshire. It has a church with 360
sittings, and a public school with about
85 scholars. Pop. 1116.

KINNINMONTH, estate, with building-
stone quarry, in Ceres parish, Fife.

KINNOIR. See Kinoee.

KINNORD, lake at north-west corner of
Dinnat Moor, to the north-west of Aboyne,
Aberdeenshire.

KINNORDY, seat, 1J mile north-west of
Kirriemuir, Forfarshire. It was the resi-
dence of the geologist Sir Charles Lyell.

KINNOUL, parish containing Bridgend
suburb and Inchyra and Balbeggie villages,
adjacent to east side of Perth. It com-
prises five parts in four mutually detached
sections, includes a considerable portion of
Perth parliamentary burgh, and gives the
title of earl to the family of Hay. Its
greatest length, measured across intersec-
tions, is 12 miles ; its greatest breadth 4
miles ; its area 3646 acres. Eeal pro-
perty of landward part in 1880-81, £7448.
Pop. of the whole, 3461. The principal
part, containing Bridgend suburb and the
parochial church, is separated from Perth
city by only the Tay ; rises rapidly to the
summit of Kinnoul Hill, at a height of
632 feet above the Tay's level ; presents,
on that hill's skirts and slopes, a rich
display of villas, ornate buildings, wood,
and walks ; and commands, from the upper
part, a wide extent of highly picturesque
view. The other parts are Balthayock,
Murrayshall, Balbeggie, and Inchyra ; and,
excepting that the last of these extends
into upper end of Carse of Gowrie, they
consist chiefly of slopes and summits of
the Sidlaw Hills. Chief seats are Bell-
wood, Murrayshall, Barnhill, Inchyra,
and Balthayock ; and chief antiquities are
the site and remains of two old castles. A
United Presbyterian church is in Balbeggie.
A large public school is in Bridgend, and a
small one is in Balbeggie.

KINNOUL, hill in Craig parish, Forfar-
shire.

KINORE, or KINNOIR, ancient parish,
now part of Huntly, Aberdeenshire. It
has a public school with about 47
scholars.

KINPIRNIE. See Kilpienie.

KINRARA, a seat of the Duke of Eich-
mond in Alvie parish, Inverness-shire.

KINRIVE. See Keneive.

KINROSS, town and parish in Kinross-
shire. The town stands at west side of
Loch Leven, 25 miles north-east of Stir-
ling ; figured prominently in the time of
Alexander III. ; declined into very mean
condition, but underwent modern revival

KTN

273

KIP

and improvement ; and has a head post
office with all departments, a railway
station, 3 banking offices, a county hall of
1826, a parochial church of 1832, a Free
church, 2 United Presbyterian churches,
an Episcopalian church, and 2 public
schools with about 410 scholars. Pop.
1960. — Tbe parish measures about 4f
miles by 3|, and comprises 7275 acres.
Keal property in 1880-81, £16,706. Pop.
2492. The surface lies all on a base of
about 360 feet above sea-level, but rises
nowhere higher than about 100 feet or less
above the level of Loch Leven. Kinross
House was erected in 1685 for the Duke
of York, afterwards James VTL, and belongs
now to Sir Graham G. Montgomery, Bart.
There are 3 schools for 436 scholars, and
part of 1 of them for 175 is new.

KINROSSIE, village in Collace parish,
Perthshire. It has a post office under Perth.

KINROSS-SHIRE, small county around
Loch Leven. It forms the head of the
great peninsula between Firth of Tay and
Firth of Forth ; and it measures 12 miles
in length, 9f miles in breadth, and 78
square miles in area. Portions of the
Ochil, the Lomond, the Benarty, and the
Cleish hills form most of its boundaries
and borders ; and Loch Leven and the
Laigh — the latter chiefly comprised in
Kinross parish — occupy its centre. Its
general appearance, though nowhere very
striking, presents charming features. The
streams are all small. Limestone and
good sandstone abound. Agriculture was
late toward modern improvement, but
made rapid progress. The only towns are
Kinross and Milnathort, and the only
villages with each more than 300 inhabi-
tants are Kinnesswood and part of Keltie.
The county unites with Clackmannan in
sending a member to Parliament. Eeal
property in 1880-81, £68,793. Pop. in
1871, 7198 ; in 1881, 6698.

KINTAIL, parish, containing Dornie post
office village and Bundalloch fishing vil-
lage, in south-west of Boss-shire. It has
a post office of its own name under Loch-
alsh. It extends east-north-eastward from
forking of Loch Alsh into Loch Long and
Loch Duich, and it measures about 18
miles by 6. Real property in 1880-81,
£5760. Pop. 688. Nearly all the in-
habited and cultivated land lies along the
shore. The interior parts are wildly and
loftily upland, rise to heights of from 2730
to 3772 feet above sea-level, exhibit scenes
of imposing grandeur, and form in many
respects a great natural fastness. A chief
mountain is Tallochaxd, a wonderful water-
fall is Glomach, and an interesting an-
tiquity is Ellandonan Castle. A Boman
Catholic church is at Domie. Four schools
for 247 scholars are in the parish, and 1 of
them and a class-room for 75 are new.

KINTAILEN, bay on east side of Loch
Linnhe. in Appin, Argyleshire.

KINTARBERT, seat on south-east side
of West Loch Tarbert Argyleshire.

KENTESSACK, village in Dyke parish,
Elginshire. It has a post office under
Forres, and a public school with about 59
scholars.

KINTILLO. See Kintulloch.

RTNTORE, village and parish in Garioch
district, Aberdeenshire. The village stands
near the Don, 14 miles north-west of
Aberdeen ; is an ancient royal burgh ;
unites with Inverury, Peterhead, Banff,
Cullen, and Elgin in sending a member to
Parliament ; gives the titles of baron and
earl to the family of Keith-Falconer ; and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of Aber-
deenshire, a railway station, a banking
office, a town hall, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
167 scholars. Beal property in 18S0-S1,
£2582. Pop. 661. — The parish contains
also Port-Elphinstone, measures about 6
miles by fully 3, and comprises 9092 acres.
Beal property of landward part in 1880-S1,
£7479. Pop. 2327. The surface is flat
along the Don, and rises thence unevenly
to a maximum height of about 141 feet.
The chief residence is Thainston, and the
chief antiquity is the mined castle of
Hall-Forest. There are 3 schools for 473
scholars, and 1 of them for 250 is
new.

KINTRA, village at head of Loch Craig-
nish, 15 miles north-north-west of Loch-
gilphead, Argyleshire. It has a good
inn.

KINTRA, bay at north-eastern extremity
of Ardnamurchan peninsula, Argyle-
shire.

E3NTRADWELL, small bay and estate
in Loth parish, Sutherland.

KINTULLOCH, village in Dunbarnie
parish, Perthshire.

KINTURE, bay near middle of east side
of Islay Island, Argyleshire.

KINTYRE, peninsular district in ex-
treme south of Argyleshire. It is divided
from Knapdale by the Lochs Tarbert and
the narrow isthmus between them ; it was
long regarded as practically an island
belonging to the Hebrides ; it flanks the
west side of lower part of Loch Fyne and
of all the Firth of Clyde thence to the
North Channel ; it measures about 40
miles in length, and about 6 J miles in
mean breadth ; it exhibits a ridge of hill
and mountain along its middle, and slopes
and low seaboard along its sides ; it com-
prises a larger proportion of arable land
than is found in any other tract of similar
extent in the Highlands ; and it terminates
at the North Channel in bold broad pro-
montory of Mull of Kintyre, crowned by a
lighthouse with fixed light visible at the
distance of 24 nautical miles.

KINVAID, quondam old castle in
Monedie parish, Perthshire.

KIP, rivulet, running 4£ miles south-
westward to Firth of Clyde, in Innerkip
parish, Renfrewshire.

KIP, curious rocky eminence, midway
S

KIP

274

KIR

between Ayton and Eyemouth, Berwick-
shire.

KIPLAW, hill in Linton parish, Rox-
burghshire.

KIPP, artificial mound, with old monu-
mental stone, in Eckford parish, Rox-
burghshire.

KIPP (EAST and WEST), two summits
at middle part of Pentland Hills, Edin-
burghshire.

KIPPEN, village and parish in Stirling-
shire and Perthshire. The village stands
9|- miles west of Stirling, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Stirling, a railway
station, a public hall of 1878, a parochial
church of 1825, a Free church of 1879,
and a public school with about 94
scholars. Pop. 330. — The parish contains
also the villages of Buchlyvie, Shirgarton,
Cauldhame, and Arnprior. Its length is
6^ miles ; its greatest breadth 4 miles ;
its area 6342 acres in Stirlingshire, and
4914 in Perthshire. Real property in
1880-81, £9077 and £4603. Pop. 1449.
The Forth moves slowly along all the
northern boundary, and Boquhan burn
flows to it on the east. The northern
section of the land is carse, and the
southern section is mostly low plateau,
partly a moor. Several landowners are
resident, and several places indicate, by
name or feature, much ancient disturb-
ance by warfare. Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian churches are in
Buchlyvie. Four schools for 393 scholars
are in the parish, and 2 of them for 220
are new.

KIPPENDAVIE, seat in Dunblane parish,
Perthshire.

KIPPENROSS, seat in southern vicinity
of Dunblane, Perthshire.

KIPPERMINSHOCK, estate in Cardross
parish. Dumbartonshire.

KIPPET, gravel - ridge, intersecting
Slains parish, Aberdeenshire.

KIPPFORD, place, 4 miles from Dal-
beattie, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a post
office under Dalbeattie.

KIPPILAW, seat in Bowden parish,
Roxburghshire.

KIPPOCHILL, small northern suburb of
Glasgow.

KIPPS, hill and peel-like mansion in
Torphichen parish, Linlithgowshire.

KIPPS, lofty hill in Temple parish,
Edinburghshire.

KIRAPOL. See Kiekapol.

KIRBISTER, lake in Orphir parish,
Orkney.

KIRBISTER, small headland on north
side of Deerness, Orkney.

KIRBISTER, place, with public school,
in Stronsay parish, Orkney.

KIRDALS, estate in Knockando parish,
Elginshire.

KIRK, village in Lundie parish, Forfar-
shire.

KIRK, hill, 850 feet high, 6 miles north-
east of Girvan, Ayrshire.

KIRK, lake adjacent to Lochmaben,
Dumfriesshire.

KIRK, burn in Broughton parish,
Peeblesshire.

KIRK, burn in Traquair parish, Peebles-
shire.

KIRK, burn in Mearns parish, Renfrew-
shire.

KIRKAIG, rivulet, entering the sea at 3
miles south-south-east of Lochinver, on
west coast of Sutherland.

KIRKANDREWS, ancient parish, with
ruined church and site of considerable
ancient village, now in Borgue, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

KIRKAPOL, bay and hamlet on north-
west of Tyree Island, Argyleshire. The
bay is about 2 miles wide and 2 miles
long, and the hamlet has a public school
with about 83 scholars.

KIRKBANK, place, 4| miles south-west
of Kelso, Roxburgh. It has a post office
under Kelso, and a railway station.

KIRKBEAN, village and parish in south-
east extremity of Kirkcudbrightshire. The
village stands on the coast, 12 miles south
of Dumfries, is beautiful in both situation
and structure, and has a post office under
Dumfries, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 109 scholars.
— The parish contains also Oarsethorn,
Southerness, and Prestonmill villages,
measures 5 miles by 3f, and comprises
7937 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£9560. Pop. 790. The coast makes a
great sweep round Southerness Point, has
an extent of about 10 miles, and is mostly
low and silty. The north-west corner is
occupied by part of Criffel Mountain, and
the interior declines thence to the shore,
and presents a rich appearance. The seats
are Arbigland and Cavens, and the chief
antiquities are remains of Wreaths and
Macculloch's castles. A public school is
at Preston.

KIRKBOST. See Kirkibost.

KIRKBRIDE, farm, with traces of ancient
church, in Kirkcolm parish, Wigton-
shire.

KIRKBRIDE, place, with traces of
ancient church, in Kirkmaiden parish,
Wigtonshire.

KIRKBRIDE, ancient parish, with ruined
church, now forming coast part of Maybole,
Ayrshire.

KIRKBRIDE, place, with traces of
ancient church, in Kirkpatrick-Durham
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

KIRKBUDDO, detached section of
Guthrie parish, averagely 5 miles south-
south-east of Forfar. It contains a man-
sion of its own name, and has a post office
under Forfar and a railway station.

KIRKCALDY, town and parish on south
coast of Fife. The town consists of Inver-
tiel in Kinghorn parish, Linktown in
Abbotshall parish, Kirkcaldy - proper in
Kirkcaldy parish, and Pathhead, Sinclair-
town, and Gallatown in Dysart parish ;
measures less than a mile in Kirkcaldy-

KIR

275

KIR

proper, but about 3J miles in total length ;
stands partly on low flat ground contiguous
to the shore, and partly on adjoining braes ;
appears first on record in 1334 ; underwent
much vicissitude, with considerable aggre-
gate prosperity, till modern times ; ranks
now as a seat of extensive manufacture, a
head seaport, and a royal and parliament-
ary burgh, but does not include the Dysart
part within its burgh boundaries; unites
with Dysart, Kinghorn, and Burntisland
in sending a member to Parliament ; pub-
lishes 3 weekly newspapers ; and has a
head post office with all departments, a
railway station, 4 banking offices, 4 hotels,
a town hall, a corn exchange, extensive
waterworks of 1869, 4 Established
churches, 5 Free churches, 3 United
Presbyterian churches, Congregational,
Evangelical Union, Baptist, Episcopalian,
and Roman Catholic churches, 2 public
schools of 1876 for 1000 scholars, 13 other
schools for 1688 scholars within its burgh
limits, and schools with about 1161 scholars
in its Dysart portions. The main street
of Kirkcaldy-proper was formerly dingy
and very narrow, but has been greatly
improved ; and new streets of handsome
and spacious character have been formed.
One of the Established churches is a
spacious Gothic edifice of 1807, and one of
the Free churches was projected in 1877
and estimated to cost £16,000. The har-
bour was improved in 1843-46 at a cost of
about £40,000. The vessels belonging to
the port at the end of 1879 were 16 sailing
vessels of 1972 tons, and 8 steam vessels of
506 tons. The arrivals in that year were
1740 British vessels of 213,829 tons, and
1249 foreign vessels of 208,128 tons ; and
the departures were 1694 British vessels of
209,333 tons, and 1271 foreign vessels of
210,643 tons. Real property of the par-
liamentary burgh in 1880-81, £50,489.
Pop. 23,288.— The parish comprises 1177
acres. Real property of landward part in
1880-81, £6698. Pop. of the whole, quoad
civilia, 8501 ; quoad sacra, 5739. The beach
is level and sandy, and the interior is first
flat, then somewhat abruptly ascending
into brae, then gradually rising to an
elevation of about 300 feet. Coal is
worked, and ironstone is found. The
chief residences are Dunnikier House and
several fine villas.

KIRKCALDY (ST. JAMES), quoad sacra
parish with church in Kirkcaldy, Fife.
Pop. 2762.

KIRK-CAMBUSNETHAN. See Kikk-

NOW.

KIRKCHRIST, ancient parish, now form-
ing southern part of Twynholm, Kirk-
cudbrightshire. The ruins of the church
and the cemetery are on the Dee, opposite
Kirkcudbright.

KIRKCLAUCH, seat in Anwoth parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

KIRKCOLM, village and parish in ex-
treme north of Rhinns district, Wigton-
shire. The village stands on Loch Ryan,

6 miles north-by-west of Stranraer, and
has a post office under Stranraer, Estab-
lished and Free churches, and a public
school with about 111 scholars. The parish
consists of the northern part of the pen-
insula, between Loch Ryan and North
Channel, measures about 5| miles in
both length and breadth, and comprises
13,318 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£13,679. Pop., quoad civilia, 1847;
quoad sacra, 1653. The east coast in-
cludes the shelving sandbank called the
Scar; the north coast includes Kirkcolm
and Corsewall points ; and the interior
presents an undulated surface, with
hillocks neither steep nor high. A chief
residence is Corsewall House ; and a chief
antiquity is the thick-walled shell of
Corsewall Castle. There are 3 schools
with capacity for 230 scholars.

KIRKCONNEL, village and parish in
extreme north-west of Nithsdale, Dum-
friesshire. The village stands on the
Nith, 3 miles west-north-west of Sanquhar,
and has a post office under Sanquhar, an
inn, a parochial church, and a public school
with about 115 scholars. Pop. 464. — The
parish measures 11 miles by 6, and comprises
26,660 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£10,197. Pop. 1019. The surface in-
cludes a reach of the Nith's valley, but
is partly moorish and chiefly mountainous.
Coal, ironstone, and limestone exist ; and
two strong medicinal springs are not far
from the village. There are 2 schools
with capacity for 190 scholars.

KIRKCONNEL, ancient parish, now part
of Kirkpatrick-Fleming, Dumfriesshire.
Its cemetery, on Kirtle rivulet, still exists,
and contains the grave of ' Fair Helen of
Kirkconnel Lee.'

KIRKCONNEL, seat and Roman Catholic
church, 2 miles north-east of Newabbey,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

KIRKCORMACK, ancient parish, now
part of Kelton, Kirkcudbrightshire. Its
cemetery and remains of its church still
exist.

KIRKCOWAN, village and parish in
"VVigtonshire. The village stands on Tarf
rivulet, 7 miles west-south-west of Newton-
Stewart ; and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Wigtonshire, a railway station,
Established and United Presbyterian
churches, and a public school with about
191 scholars. Pop. 671.— The parish is 16
miles long and from 1J to 6 miles broad, and
comprises 35,865 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £10,547. Pop. 1307. The surface
is mostly moorish, either pastoral or waste,
and has been ploughed to the aggregate of
less than one-fourth of its area. The only
mansion is Craiglaw ; and the other chief
objects of interest are a remarkable rock-
ing-stone and the site of Mindork Castle.
There are 4 schools with capacity for 193
scholars.

KIRKCUDBRIGHT, town and parish on
coast of Kirkcudbrightshire. The town

KIR

276

KIR

stands on the Dee, at terminus of branch
railway, 30 miles south-west-by-south of
Dumfries ; figures in the history of the
Koman occupation, and in that of the
contests between the petty kings of Gallo-
way and the kings of Scotland ; was held
by the English during the competition for
the Scottish crown ; gave the peerage title
of baron from 1633 till 1832 to the
family of Maclellan ; contains a massive,
gloomy, roofless castle of the Maclellans,
built in 1582 on site of mediaeval monas-
tery ; is situated at head of pleasant
estuary, miles long, called Kirkcudbright
Bay ; ranks now as a seaport, the political
capital of Kirkcudbrightshire, and a royal
and parliamentary burgh ; unites with
Dumfries, Annan, Lochmaben, and San-
quhar in sending a member to Parliament ;
presents a neat, well-edificed appearance,
with streets parallel to one another, or at
right angles ; and has a head post office
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, a railway station, 3 banking offices,
3 hotels, fine county buildings, a large
steepled Established church of 1838, a
recently erected Free church, a United
Presbyterian church of 1880, a Roman
Catholic church, an academy, and 3
primary public schools. Peal property
in 1880-81, £8324. Pop. 2571. —The
parish measures 8| miles by 3£, and
comprises 12,280 acres. Real property
of landward part in 1880-81, £13,828.
Pop. of the whole, 3473. The surface lies
along left side of the Dee down to Solway
Firth, consists mostly of level land adjacent
to the river and the estuary, and is
elsewhere uneven or undulating, but
nowhere high. The chief residences are
St. Mary's Isle, Balmae, Janefield, St.
Cuthbert's, and Fludha; and the chief
antiquities, besides Maclellan's Castle, are
a large Caledonian fort, vestiges of 7 smaller
Caledonian forts, traces of 3 Roman camps,
and vestiges or sites of 8 ancient churches.
There are 7 schools with capacity for 1002
scholstrs

KIRKCUDBRIGHT, place, with site of
ancient church, in Glencairn parish, Dum-
friesshire.

KIRKCUDBRIGHT-INNERTIG. See In-

NERTIG.

KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE, stewartry or
county comprising eastern part and nearly
two-thirds of Galloway. Its length is 44
miles ; its greatest breadth 40 miles ; its
area 954 square miles. The north-western,
northern, and north-eastern boundaries are
a series of streamlets, lakes, mountain
watersheds, and artificial lines ; the south-
eastern follows the river and estuary of
the Nith ; the southern lies along Solway
Firth and Wigton Bay ; and the western
is traced by the river Cree. The coast,
from head of Nith estuary to head of
"Wigton Bay, makes proximately a semi-
circular sweep ; measures, exclusive of
sinuosities, about 50 miles ; and is flat in
the east, but mostly bold, rocky, cavernous,

or cliffy, and diversified by inlets and
headlands in the south and the south-west.
The northern section of the interior, com-
prehending about two-thirds of the entire
area, is chiefly mountainous, and has sum-
mits 2597, 2650, and 2704 feet high. The
southern section is variously low, tumu-
lated, and hilly ; consists largely of broken
knolly champaign ; and includes, in the
east, Criffel Mountain, 1800 feet high, —
in the west, Cairnharrow, Fleetfell, and
Caimsmuir-of-Fleet, 1497, 1544, and 2331
feet high. The chief rivers, besides the
two on the boundaries, are the Urr, the
Dee, and the Fleet, running to the sea;
the Cargen, running to the Nith ; and the
Ken, running to the Dee. Lakes are very
numerous, and many of them have much
attraction for anglers. Chalybeate springs
also are numerous. Granitic building-stone,
granitic millstone, Silurian building-stone,
and Silurian slate are worked. Rotation
of crops is various, not only in different
districts, but often in a single parish. The
breeding, rearing, and exporting of cattle
are largely pursued. Both manufactures
and commerce are inconsiderable. The
harbours to the east of Kirkando burn are
creeks of Dumfries port, and those to the
west are creeks of Wigton port. The towns
with each more than 2000 inhabitants are
Kirkcudbright, Castle-Douglas, Dalbeattie,
and Maxwelltown; and the other towns
and villages, with each more than 300, are
Gatehouse, Creetown, Dairy, Kirkpatrick-
Durham, Auchencairn, New Galloway,
Newabbey, Crossmichael, Rhonehouse, and
Springholm. Chief antiquities are nume-
rous cairns, numerous Caledonian forts,
nine Caledonian stone circles, a Roman
road, Roman camps, vestiges of a Cumbrian
bulwark, and ruins of Lincluden College
and Newabbey, Dundrennan, and Tong-
land abbeys. Real property in 1880-81,
£396,937. Pop. in 1871, 41,859; in 1881,
42,126.

KIRKDALE, seat and ancient parish,
now in Kirkmabreck, Kirkcudbrightshire.

KIRKDEN, parish with church 5 miles
east- south-east of Forfar, and containing
most of Friockheim post-town, in Forfar-
shire. Its length is 5^ miles ; its greatest
breadth 2 miles ; its area 4999 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £10,912. Pop., quoad
civilia, 1682 ; quoad sacra, 541. The sur-
face includes a skirt of Sidlaw Hills, but is
elsewhere gently undulated or compara-
tively level. The seats are Gardyne Castle,
Pitmuies, and Middleton ; and the anti-
quities are two artificial mounds and the
stump of a sculptured obelisk. Established,
Free, and Evangelical Union churches are in
Friockheim. The parochial public school
has capacity for 105 scholars, and 3 other
schools for 326 are in Friockheim quoad
sacra parish, which consists mostly of part
of Kirkden.

KIRKDOMIN.E, ancient chapelry, now
part of Barr parish, Ayrshire.

KIRKDRYNE, place with traces of an-

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277

KIR

cient church in Kirkmaiden parish, "Wig-
ton shire.

KIRKFIELD, seat adjacent to Kirkfield-
bank, Lanarkshire.

KIRKFIELDBANK, or KIRKLAND, vil-
lage on the Clyde, about a mile west of
Lanark. It has a post office under Lanark,
a bridge, a chapel-of-ease, and a public
school with about 104 scholars. Pop. 963.

KIRKFORTHAR, ancient chapelry, with
old mansion and ruined church, in Mark-
inch parish, Fife.

KIRKGUNZEON, village and parish in
south-east of Kirkcudbrightshire. The
village stands mile west of railway
station of its own name, at 5 J miles north-
north-east of Dalbeattie, and has a post
office designated of Kirkcudbrightshire, a
parochial church, and a public school with
about 131 scholars. — The parish contains
also Gateside village, measures about 7
miles by 4§, and comprises 11,956 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £8360. Pop. 656.
The surface is mostly hilly, yet includes
a considerable portion of excellent meadow
land. Remains of ancient fortalices are
at Corrah, Bardosh, and Drumcoltran.

KIRKHILL, parish on south side of
Beauly Firth, between Inverness and
Beauly, Inverness-shire. Its post town is
Inverness. Its length is about 8 miles ;
its breadth from i to 3 miles. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £10,610. Pop. 1480.
Part of the surface is a narrow slope con-
tiguous to the Firth, and the rest consists
of pretty high heathy hills. The seats
are Newton, Lentram, Auchnagairn, Fin-
gask, Reelick, and Bunchrew ; and a chief
object of interest is the mausoleum of the
Lovat family, on site of an ancient church.
The present churches are Established and
Free, and the schools are 3 new ones with
capacity for 295 scholars.

KIRKHILL, village, | mile north-east of
Penicuick, Edinburghshire. It has a public
school with about 123 scholars. Pop. 755.

KIRKHILL, village in Cambuslang par-
ish, Lanarkshire.

KIRKHILL, place in Nigg parish, Kin-
cardineshire. It has a public school with
about 98 scholars.

KIRKHILL, seat and ruined fortalice in
Colmonell parish, Ayrshire.

KIRKHILL, seat in western vicinity of
Broxburn, Linlithgowshire.

KIRKHILL, eminence, with fragment of
ancient collegiate church, adjacent to St.
Andrews, Fife.

KIRKHILL, eminence in Avondale par-
ish, Lanarkshire.

KIRKHILL, eminence adjacent to site
of old church in Dryfesdale parish, Dum-
friesshire.

KIRKHILL, rising -ground, believed to
have been crowned by ancient church, in
Kinnettles parish, Forfarshire.

KIRKHILL, rising-ground in Tillicoultry
parish, Clackmannanshire.

KIRKHILL, eminence in Neilston parish,
Renfrewshire.

KIRKHILL, site of parochial church in
Stornoway, Outer Hebrides.

KIRKHOBLE, site of ancient chapel in
Penningham parish, Wigtonshire.

KIRKHOLM, small island in Sandsting
parish, Shetland.

KIRKHOPE, parish, containing Ettrick-
bridge post office village, in Selkirkshire.
It dates from ancient times, became part
of Yarrow, and was reconstituted in 1852.
Its length is about 9 miles ; its mean
breadth about 5 miles ; its area 22,724
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £9106.
Pop. 547. The surface is intersected by
Ettrick river, consists chiefly of hills, in-
cludes a heathy plateau fully 1000 feet
above sea-level, and has three summits
upwards of 1500 feet high. There are 3
schools with capacity for 175 scholars.

KIRKHOPE, hill vale in Hounam parish,
Roxburghshire.

KIRKIBOLL, village on Kyle of Tongue,
Sutherland. It contains an inn, and
Tongue post office, parochial church, Free
church, and public school.

KIRKIBOST, island adjacent to south-
west side of North Uist, Outer Hebrides.
Pop. 12.

KIRKINNER, village and parish in
south-east of Wigtonshire. The village
stands 2^ miles south-by-west of Wigton,
and has a post office designated of Wigton-
shire, a railway station, a handsome church
of 1828, kirk-session records of severe
persecutions in the times of the Cove-
nanters, and a public school with about
160 scholars. — The parish contains also
the villages of Marchfarm and Slohabert,
measures 6^ by 4^ miles, and comprises
15,250 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£16,555. Pop. 1597. The east border,
to the length of about 3 miles, lies along
Wigton Bay, and has considerable belts
of foreshore and flat carse ; and the rest
of the surface consists mostly of verdant
gently-swelling little hills. The chief re-
sidence is Barnbarroch, and the chief
antiquity is Baldoon Castle. Public
schools are at Longcastle and Malzie.

KIRKINTILLOCH, town and parish in
detached section of Dumbartonshire.
The town stands on Forth and Clyde
Canal, adjacent to Kelvin river, 8J miles
north - east of Glasgow ; sprang from
a strong fort on Antoninus' Wall, and
retains a moundish remnant of it ; pos-
sessed importance in the time of William,
the Lion ; presents now the dingy appear-
ance of a place of mere manufacture and
traffic ; was designed, about the end of
1879, to undergo some cleansing improve-
ment ; and has a post office, with all
departments, under Glasgow, a railway
station, 2 banking offices, a court-house, 2
Established churches, 2 Free churches,
United Presbyterian, Original Secession,
and Methodist churches, and 2 public
schools with about 428 scholars. Pop.
7352. — The parish contains also Waterside
village and part of Lenzie town, measures

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278

KIR

6f by nearly 3J miles, and comprises 7146
acres. Eeal property in 1880-81, £52,755.
Pop., quoad civilia, 10,591 ; quoad sacra,
5356. The surface is nearly all a very
gentle slope with northern exposure.
Coal abounds and is extensively mined.
Ironstone, limestone, and sandstone also
are plentiful. The residences include
several handsome mansions and many fine
villas ; and the antiquities include traces
of Antoninus' Wall, the site of a castle of
the Comyns, and Banheath Tower, once a
stronghold of the Earls of Kilmarnock.
Established, United Presbyterian, and
Episcopalian churches are at Lenzie. Seven
schools for 1610 scholars are in the parish,
and 2 of them for 750 are new.

KIRKINTILLOCH (ST. DAVID), quoad
sacra parish with Established and Free
churches in Kirkintilloch, Dumbartonshire.
Pop. 3786.

KIRKLAND, village, with spinning-mills,
on Leven river, 1 mile west of Leven town,
Fife. Pop. 297.

KIRKLAND, village in Tinwald parish,
Dumfriesshire.

KIRKLAND, hamlet in Glencairn parish,
Dumfriesshire.

KIRKLAND, seat in Saline parish,
Fife.

KIRKLAND, printfield in Bonhill parish,
Dumbartonshire.
KIRKLAND, Lanarkshire. See KiEK-

FIELDBANK.

KIRKLAND PARK, seat near Strathavon,
Lanarkshire.

KIRKLANDS, seat near Ancrum, Rox-
burgh shire.

KIRKLANDS, place, with medicinal
spring, in Ceres parish, Fife.

KIRKLANE, village in Kincardine parish,
Perthshire.

KIRKLEISH, place, with vestige of
ancient church, in Kirkmaiden parish,
Wigtonshire.

KIRKLISTON, village in Linlithgowshire,
and parish partly also in Edinburghshire.
The village stands on left side of Almond
river, 9 miles west of Edinburgh, and has
a post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, designated of Linlith-
gowshire, a railway station, an ancient Nor-
man parochial church with old burial vault
of the noble family of Stair, a Free
church with spire added in 1880, and
a public school with about 250 scholars.
Pop. 747. — The parish contains also the
villages of Winchburgh and Newbridge, and
the hamlet of Niddry ; measures 5J miles
in length, and 4| miles in greatest breadth ;
and comprises 5333 acres in Linlithgow-
shire and 4208 in Edinburghshire. Real
property in 1880-81, £21,586 and £8941.
Pop. 2377 and 186. The surface is a
slightly elevated plain, bisected by Almond
river, and diversified with very gentle
swells. The rocks are carboniferous. A
chief seat is Newliston ; and chief anti-
quities are Niddry Castle and the Cat-
stane. A public school is at Winchburgh.

KIRKMABRECK, parish, containing
Creetown, on south-west border of Kirk-
cudbrightshire. It lies along left side of
Cree estuary and Wigton Bay, measures
10 miles by 4^, and comprises 23,031
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £12,300.
Pop. 1834. The coast is very picturesque,
includes very curious clefts and. caves, and
seems to have been in great degree the
prototype of the scenery around 'Ellan-
gowan' in Sir Walter Scott's Guy Man-
nering. The interior rises rapidly from
the shore, consists largely of heathy hills,
and contains Cairnharrow, 1497 feet high,
and part of Cairnsmuir, 2331 feet high.
Fine granite is extensively quarried and
exported. The seats are Kirkdale, Bar-
holm, Hillhouse, and Cassencarry ; and
the chief antiquities are tunrali, circles
of large standing stones, and two battle-
mented towers. The churches are Estab-
lished and United Presbyterian ; and
there are 3 schools with capacity for
297 scholars.

KIRKMADRINE, ancient parish, now
forming eastern part of Sorbie, in Wigton-
shire. Its burying-ground and ruins of its
church still exist.

KIRKMAHOE, village and parish in
Nithsdale, Dumfriesshire. The village
stands 4 miles north of Dumfries, and
has a post office under Dumfries, and
Established and Free churches. — The
parish contains also the villages of Dun-
cow and Dalswinton, measures 7| miles
by 5 \, and comprises 12,553 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £13,310. Pop. 1250.
The Nith runs about 6 miles along the
western boundary. The southern section
is nearly level, and the northern one rises
gradually into hills upwards of 600 feet
high. The chief seats are Dalswinton,
Milnhead, and Carnsalloch ; and the chief
antiquities are tumuli, moats, and vestiges
of forts. There are 4 schools with capacity
for 275 scholars.

KIRKMAIDEN, peninsular parish in
extreme south-west of Wigtonshire and
Scotland. It contains the post office
villages of Drummore and Port-Logan ;
terminates in Mull of Galloway; measures 9
miles in length and 4^ in greatest breadth ;
and comprises 13,730 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £14,793. Pop. 2446. The coasts
are extensively bold and rocky, abound in
caves and fissures, and have many alterna-
tions of headland and bay. The interior
is partly rolling hillocky plain, partly
rocky or mossy moor, partly an assemblage
of bleak wild heights, and largely a broad
belt of hill, and can be ploughed to the
aggregate of less than one-third of its
area. A chief seat is Logan House ; and
chief antiquities are Drummore and Clan-
yard castles and vestiges of forts. The
churches are Established and Free. There
are 3 schools, all new, with capacity for
495 scholars.

KIRKMAIDEN, ancient parish, now part
of Glasserton, Wigtonshire. Its bury-

KIR

2'

'79

KIR

ing-ground and ruins of its church still
exist.

KIRKMAY, seat near Crail, Fife.

KIRKMICHAEL, parish with church 6
miles north-west of Lochmaben, Dumfries-
shire. Its post town is Dumfries. It
measures 9 miles by 4|, and comprises
16,983 acres. Eeal property in 1880-81,
£9850. Pop. 849. Kinnel river runs
for 2| miles on the eastern boundary, and
Ae river runs about 12 miles on the
western, the south-western, and the
southern boundaries, to a point near con-
flux with the Kinnel. Belts of holm lie
contiguous to the rivers, a plain occupies
most of the south-east and the south, and
two hill-ranges ascend thence northward
to culminating summits upwards of 1300
feet high. A chief residence is Kirk-
michael House, and chief antiquities are
traces of a Eoman road, vestiges of camps
and forts, remains of "Wallace's tower,
and the ruin of Glenae tower. The
churches are Established and Free, and
there are 2 public schools with about 180
scholars

KIRKMICHAEL, village and parish in
Carrick, Ayrshire. The village stands on
Girvan river, 3J miles east of Maybole,
and has a post office under Maybole, a
parochial church with 660 sittings, and
a public school With about 109 scholars.
Pop. 343. — The parish contains also
Crosshill village, measures 12 miles by 5§,
and comprises 15,930 acres. Eeal pro-
perty in 1879-80, £16,384. Pop., quoad
civilia, 1781; quoad sacra, 1511. The
central section, traversed by Girvan
river, is vale with undulating flanks ; the
northern section is partly level and partly
diversified with heights ; the western
section is swelling and hillocky ; and the
eastern one rises into pastoral upland,
with summits more than 1500 feet high.
The chief seats are Cassilis, Blairquhan,
and Kirkmichael House. Established and
Free churches and 2 public schools are in
Crosshill.

KIRKMICHAEL, village and parish in
north-eastern extremity of Perthshire.
The village stands in Strathardle, 13|
miles north-by-west of Blairgowrie, and
has a post office under Blairgowrie,
Established and Free churches, and 2
public schools with about 136 scholars. —
The parish is divided quoad sacra into
Kirkmichael-proper, Glenshee, and small
part of Persie. Its length is 17 miles ; its
greatest breadth 7 miles ; its area 57,283
acres. Eeal property in 1880-81, £16,556.
Pop., quoad civilia, 849. The surface is
mountainous, and consists chiefly of Strath-
ardle and Glenshee, with their broad alpine
screens and their small lateral glens. The
chief seats are Ashintully and "VVoodhill ;
chief antiquities are a large cairn, a multi-
tude of smaller cairns, and four concentric
Caledonian stone circles ; and an interest-
ing object is a great rocking-stone. The
churches are 2 Established and 1 Free ;

and there are 3 schools with capacity
for 231 scholars.

KIRKMICHAEL, parish, containing
Tomintoul post office village, in southern
extremity of Banffshire. Its length is
24£ miles ; its greatest breadth 8|
miles ; its area 75,759 acres. Eeal pro-
perty in 1880-81, £6215. Pop., quoad
civilia, 1073 ; quoad sacra, 387. The
southern half consists chiefly of the
portion of Cairngorm Mountains over-
hanging and flanking Glenaven, and is
uninhabited. The northern half is a
reach of vale along the Aven downward
to the Spey, diversified and flanked or
overhung by mountains. Only about
2400 acres are in tillage. The churches
are 2 Established, 1 Free, and 1 Eoman
Catholic ; and there are 2 public schools,
with about 189 scholars.

KIRKMICHAEL, parish forming part of
Eesolis in Boss-shire.

KIRKMICHAEL, farm, with site of
ancient chapel, inEow parish, Dumbarton-
shire.

KIRKMUIRHILL, village in Lesmahagow
parish, Lanarkshire. It has a post office,
with money order department, designated
of Lanarkshire, and a United Presbyterian
church. Pop. 547.

KIRKNESS, small headland in Sand-
sting parish, Shetland.

KIRKNEWTON, village and parish in
west of Edinburghshire. The village
stands in eastern vicinity of Mid-Calder
railway station, 10 miles south-west of
Edinburgh, and has a post office designated
of Midlothian, a parochial church with
about 430 sittings, and a public school with
about 104 scholars. Pop. 368.— The parish
contains also East Calder and "Wilkieston
villages, measures 6 miles by 3^, and com-
prises 9477 acres. Eeal property in
1880-81, £20,586. Pop. 2742. The southern
section, or nearly one-half of all the land,
lies among the Pentland Hills ; and the
northern section is nearly level, yet de-
clines gently to the boundary at Almond
river. The seats are Linnburn, Hillhouse,
Meadowbank, Ormistonhill, and Calder-
hall. There is a Free church for Kirknew-
ton and Eatho, and a United Presbyterian
church is in East Calder. There are 4
schools for 513 scholars, and 1 of them and
enlargements for 218 are new.

KIRKNEY, place, with site of ancient
chapel, in Gaxtly parish, Banffshire.

KIRKNOW, or KIRK-CAMBUSNETHAN,
village about a mile east of Wishaw, Lan-
arkshire.

KIRK-OF-FIELD, extinct collegiate
church of 15th century, on ground now
partly covered by south-eastern portion
of College, in Edinburgh. Its provost's
house was the place of Lord Darnley's
murder.

KIRK-OF-GROVE, curious natural pile
of large stone blocks in Monzie parish,
Perthshire.

KIRK-OF-HOW, ruined ancient chapel,

KIR

230

KIR

with small cemetery, in Papa-Westray
Island, Orkney.

KIRK-OF-MUIR, extinct ancient church
in St. Ninian's parish, Stirlingshire. Its
cemetery still exists.

KIRK-OF-ORCHY, braes flanking Orchy
river in Glenorchy parish, Argyleshire.

KIRK-OF-SHOTTS. See Shotts.

KIRK 0 SWALD j village and parish in
Carrick, Ayrshire. The village stands 4
miles south-west of Maybole, figures in the
early history of the poet Burns, contains
the graves of his 'Tarn o' Shanter' and
' Souter Johnnie,' and has a post office under
Maybole, a good inn, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 164 scholars. Pop. about 300.— The
parish contains also Maidens village, is
bounded on the west by Firth of Clyde,
measures about 7 miles by 6, and comprises
14,861 acres. Real property in 1879-80,
£16,239. Pop., quoad civilia, 1781 ; quoad
sacra, 1511. Tbe coast is mostly verdant
beach. The interior is strikingly and
beautifully diversified, consists largely of
broad-based softly-outlined hills, includes
the large esplanaded wooded hill of
Mochrum, exhibits elsewhere great luxuri-
ance of wood and culture, and commands
from many a spot a magnificent view of
the waters and screens of the Firth of
Clyde. The chief seat is the Marquis of
Ailsa's mansion of Colzean ; an old strong
seat is Thomastown ; an interesting farm now
annexed to another is Shanter ; and grand
antiquities are vestiges of Turnberry Castle
and Crossraguel Abbey. There are 3 schools
for 291 scholars, and 1 of them and a class-
room for 140 are new.

KIRKOWAN. See Kirkcowan.

KIRKPATRICK. See Kilpatrick.

KIRKPATRICK-DURHAM, village and
parish in Kirkcudbrightshire. The village
stands 6 miles north-north-east of Castle-
Douglas, is modern and pleasant, and has
a post office under Dalbeattie, Established
and Free churches, and a public school with
about 135 scholars. Pop. 463. — The parish
contains also part of Springholm, Crocket-
ford, and Corsock villages, measures 10J
miles by 4^, and comprises 18,277 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £13,089. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1317 ; quoad sacra, 1113.
The surface is aggregately low in the
south, hilly in the middle, loftily moorish
in the north, abounds in craggy eminences,
and includes seven small lakes. About
8000 acres are in tillage. There are 3
schools with capacity for 293 scholars.

KIRKPATRICK - FLEMING, village and
parish in south - east of Dumfriesshire.
The village stands on Kir tie rivulet, 13
miles south - east of Lockerby, and has a
post office under Ecclefechan, a railway
station, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 80 scholars.
The parish contains also Newton and
Hollee villages, measures 6£ miles by 4f,
and comprises 11,529 acres. Peal pro-
perty in 1880-81, £11,413. Pop. 1464.

The surface includes much of the beautiful
vale of Kirtle rivulet, is elsewhere diversi-
fied with vales and waving elevations,
rises gradually from south to north, and
consists over fully two-thirds of arable
land. Marble is quarried, and limestone
largely worked. The seats are Springkell,
Langshaw, Wyesbie, Mossknow, Cove, and
Kirkpatrick ; and the antiquities are
Merkland Cross, and remains or sites of a
number of Border fortalices. There are 2
schools for 281 scholars, and 1 of them
and an enlargement for 200 are new.

KIRKPATRICK - IRONGRAY, parish on
east border of Kirkcudbrightshire, extend-
ing to a point 3 miles north-west of Dum-
fries. Its post town is Dumfries. Its
length is 8| miles ; its greatest breadth
5| miles ; its area 13,675 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £12,488. Pop. 784.
The eastern section is low and level ; the
middle one consists of undulated hills ;
and the western one is loftily upland. The
chief seat is Grove, and chief objects
of interest are graves of two Covenanter
martyrs, and a monumental stone by Sir
"Walter Scott to the original of Jeanie
Deans in his Heart of Midlothian. The
churches are Established and Free ; and
there are 2 schools with capacity for 181
schol&rs

KIRKPATRICK-JUXTA, parish, contain-
ing Craigielands post office village and
Beattock railway station, in north of
Annandale, Dumfriesshire, but including
a tract with one house in Lanarkshire.
Its length, exclusive of that tract, is 1\
miles ; its greatest breadth 6| miles ; its
area 22,335 acres. Real property in 1880-
81, £10,606. Pop. 1064. The river Annan
traces all the eastern boundary, and the
rivulet Evan runs about 3 miles across the
north-east to the Annan. Queensberry is
partly on the western border ; other high
hills and offsets of the Lowther Mountains
fill most of the north ; and a diversity
of lower hill and vale fills the rest of the
area. The seats are Craigielands, Auchen,
Marchbankwood, and Beattock; and the
antiquities include Auchencass Castle,
Lochhouse Tower, vestiges of a Roman
camp, and numerous cairns. The parochial
church contains about 500 sittings ; and
there are 3 schools with capacity for 253
scholars.

KIRKPOTTIE, quondam church about
3 miles south of Bridge of Earn, Perth-
shire.

KIRKROW, low-lying lands in Hounam
parish, Roxburghshire.

KIRKSIDE, seat in St. Cyrus parish,
Kincardineshire.

KIRKSTYLE, old village, now repre-
sented by Carluke, Lanarkshire.

KIRKSTYLE, place, with site of ancient
chapel, in Ruthwell parish, Dumfries-
shire.

KIRKTON, any hamlet or village which
is or was the site of a Scottish parochial
church. Chief instances are in the par-

KIR

281

KIR

ishes of Abbey St. Bathans, Airlie, Arbir-
lot, Assynt, Auchterless, Avoch, Balmerino,
Banchory, Blantyre, Burntisland, Carluke,
Cumbray, Dunnichen, Ewes, Farr, Fetter-
esso, Fordoun, Fen-wick, Gargunnock,
Glenelg, Glenisla, Guthrie, Hobkirk,
Kilbride, Kilmaurs, Kinnettles, Kirk-
mahoe, Largo, Laurencekirk, Liff, Lin-
trathen, Neilston, New Deer, Newtyle,
Row, St. Cyrus, St. Ninians, Slamannan,
Stonykirk, Tealing, Tulloch, and Weem.

KIRKTON, parish, with church 3|
miles east of Hawick, Roxburghshire. ' Its
post town is Hawick. Its length is 8|
miles ; its greatest breadth less than 2
miles ; its area 6202 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £5367. Pop. 334. The
surface is mostly undulating, but includes
some hills nearly 1000 feet high. The
school arrangement is a combination with
Cavers.

KIRKTON, mineral -field in Bathgate
parish, Linlithgowshire.

KIRKTON, picturesque glen in Campsie
parish, Stirlingshire.

KIRKTON, rivulet, running from Par-
son's Lake to the sea, in Kilninver parish,
Argyleshire. A fine cascade of 40 feet is
on it.

KIRKTON, burn in Neilston parish, Ren-
frewshire.

KIRKTON, hill -ridge in Kingoldrum
parish, Forfarshire.

KIRKTONHILL, seat in Marykirk
parish, Kincardineshire.

KIRKTONHOLM, decayed elegant seat
in East Kilbride parish, Lanarkshire.

KIRKTONMAINS, place, with vestige of
strong old tower, in Dryfesdale parish,
Dumfriesshire.

KIRKURD, parish on right side of
Tarth rivulet, on west border of Peebles-
shire. Its post town is Dolphinton. Its
length is 4J miles ; its breadth 4 miles ; its
area 5698 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£3141. Pop. 282. The surface lies on
a high base, ascends mostly from the
Tarth to the southern boundary, and in-
cludes the mountain summit of Pykestane.
The seats are Castlecraig and Cairnmuir ;
and the antiquities are two moats and
remains of two circular forts. The
churches are Established and Free, and
there is a public school with about 92
scholars.

KIRKVTLLE, seat in Skene parish,
Aberdeenshire.

KIRKWALL, town and parish on narrow
part of Pomona, Orkney. The town stands
on fine northward bay, 2 miles north of
Scalpa, 12 east-north-east of Stromness,
and 41 north-by-west of "Wick ; possessed
much importance during the Scandinavian
rule over Orkney and Shetland ; was con-
stituted a royal burgh at the annexation
to the Scottish crown in 1468 ; has ever
since been both the political and the com-
mercial capital of the Orcadian archipelago ;
unites with Wick, Dornoch, Dingwall,
Cromarty, and Tain in sending a member

to Parliament ; is a head port, with excel-
lent pier accommodation, improved in
1880-81 for its own bay, and with a pier
completed in 1880 at a cost of £11,000, at
Scalpa ; presents a picturesque mixture of
ancient and modern buildings, with recent
handsome dwellings in the outskirts ;
contains a well-preserved Romanesque
cathedral, dating from 1138, a ruined
bishop's palace, probably of the 13th cen-
tury, a ruined earl's palace of 1607, and
remains of a fort built by Cromwell, and
now used as a volunteers' battery; pub-
lishes three weekly newspapers ; and has
a head post office with all departments,
4 banking offices, 3 hotels, county build-
ings founded in 1876, Established, Free,
United Presbyterian, Congregational,
Episcopalian, and Roman Catholic
churches, 2 public schools, and a reading-
room, library, and literary and scientific
association. The vessels belonging to the
port at end of 1879 were 36 sailing vessels
of 2235 tons, and 4 steam vessels of 164
tons. The arrivals in 1879 were 1787
British vessels of 182,826 tons, and 8
foreign vessels of 768 tons ; and the depar-
tures were 1780 British vessels of 183,239
tons, and 6 foreign vessels of 433 tons.
Real property of the burgh in 1880-81,
£10,786. Pop. 3923. —The parish is bounded
on both the north and the south by the
sea, and measures about 6 miles in length,
and about 5£ in greatest breadth. Real
property of landward part in 1880-81,
£5037. Pop. of the whole, 4801. The
shores are prevailingly rocky, but not
high, and part of the southern one has
bold cavernous crags. The interior is
somewhat diversified, and rises in the
north-west into Wideford Hill, command-
ing a view of nearly all Orkney. Curious
Scandinavian subterranean ruins were dis-
covered in 1870 at Lingrow, within half an
hour's walk of the town ; remains of other
large subterranean buildings are at Save-
rock ; and two Picts' houses are in the
north-west. Four schools for 700 scholars
are in the parish, and 1 of them and
enlargements for 320 are new.

KIRKWOOD COLLIERY, or BRAEHEAD,
village in Old Monkland parish, Lanark-
shire. Pop. 667.

KIRK-YETHOLM, part of Yetholm vil-
lage, Roxburghshire.

KIRKYETTON, a summit of the Pent-
lands, 2£ miles south-south-east of Colinton,
Edinburghshire.

KIRMELL, fine small plain in Killin
parish, Perthshire.

KIRN, modern watering-place, comprising
village and quoad sacra parish, suburban
to Dunoon, Argylesbire. It extends along
the shore from Dunoon to mouth of Holy
Loch ; consists chiefly of villas and ornate
cottages ; and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Greenock, a steamboat pier, 2
hotels, Established and United Presby-
terian churches, and a new public school

KIR

282

KNA

with capacity for 150 scholars. Pop. of
village, 472 ; of quoad sacra parish, 791.

KIRNAN, estate, held by ancestors of
the poet Campbell, in Glassary parish,
Argyleshire.

KIROUCHTREE, seat in Minnigaff
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

KIRPIRNIE. See Kilpirnie.

KIRRIEMUIR, town and parish in west
of Forfarshire. The town stands at ter-
minus of branch railway, 5 miles by road,
but 8} by railway, west-north-west of
Forfar ; presented long a mean appearance,
but has undergone great improvement ;
carries on textile manufacture and con-
siderable country trade ; and has a head
post office with money order and telegraph
departments, 4 banking offices, several
good inns, 2 Established churches, 2
Free churches', 2 United Presbyterian
churches, Original Secession and Episco-
palian churches, an educational institute,
and a large public school. Pop. of town-
proper, 2937 ; with Southmuir suburb,
4390. — The parish contains also the vil-
lages of Northmuir, Westmuir, Maryton,
Padanaram, and Sledmuir ; consists of
two mutually detached sections, 2\
miles asunder ; measures, inclusive of
the intersection, 16| miles in length, and
4f miles in greatest breadth ; and comprises
35,600 acres. Peal property in 1880-81,
£41,675. Pop., quoad civilia, 6616; quoad
sacra, 3740. The southern section contains
the town, lies in Strathmore, and is chiefly
level. The northern section bears the
name of Glenprosen, lies among Benchinnan
Mountains, and is nearly all mountainous.
The seats are Kinnordy, Balnaboth, Logie,
Ballandarg, and Shielhill ; a chief antiquity
is Inverquharity Castle ; and interesting
objects are two rocking-stones and several
artificial caves. A quoad sacra parochial
church is in Glenprosen. Eight schools
for 1230 scholars are in the parish, and
5 of them for 640 are new.

KIRRIEMUIR (SOUTH), quoad sacra
parish with church in Kirriemuir town,
Forfarshire. Pop. 2701.

KIRTA, small island near west coast of
Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

KIRTLE, rivulet running about 14 miles
south-south-westward and south-eastward
to Solway Firth, at 1^ mile south-west of
Gretna Green, Dumfriesshire.

KIRTLE-BRIDGE, village on Kirtle
rivulet, 9 miles south-east of Lockerby,
Dumfriesshire. It has a post office under
Ecclef echan,a railway station, and a chapel-
of-ease.

KIRTLEFOOT, hamlet at mouth of
Kirtle rivulet, Dumfriesshire.

KIRTOMY, small bay and headland,
with cavern, in Farr parish, Sutherland.

KISHORN, sea-loch and hamlet in south-
west of Ross-shire. The loch is a pro-
jection from Loch Carron, 3 miles
north-north-eastward, on mutual border
of Applecross and Lochcarron parishes.
— The hamlet lies on its Applecross side,

and has a post office under Lochcarron.
a Free church of 1876, and a public school
with about 43 scholars.

KISMULL, bay, with strong old castle
on a rock within it, in Barra Island, Outer
Hebrides.

KISTHILL, medicinal spring in Spott
parish, Haddingtonshire.

KITCHEN-LINN, burn in east end of
Cambusnethan parish, Lanarkshire.

KITTERICK, lofty hill in Minnigaff
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

KITTOCK, burn, running 5 miles north-
westward to the White Cart at 4 miles
south-west of Glasgow.

KITTOCKSIDE, village on lower part of
Kittock burn, Lanarkshire.

KITTYBREWSTER, suburb, with railway
station, on north-west side of Aberdeen.

KITTYFRISTY, pure copious spring in
Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

KITTYMURE, medicinal spring in Stone-
house parish, Lanarkshire.

KITTYS, coast cave in Fordyce parish,
Banffshire.

KLETT, small island in Assynt parish,
Sutherland.

KNAICK, rivulet, running 7 miles south-
eastward to the Allan at 5 miles north-
north-east of Dunblane, Perthshire.

KNAP, hill on south side of junction of
Loch Goil and Loch Long, Argyleshire.

KNAPDALE, district between Lorn and
Kintyre, Argyleshire. It is bounded on
the north by Crinan loch and canal; on
the south by Tarbert lochs and isthmus.
Its length southward is 23 miles ; its
greatest breadth is 13 miles ; and its
west side is cut into three peninsulas
by Loch Swin and Loch Killisport.

KNAPDALE (NORTH), parish, compris-
ing northern part of Knapdale mainland
and Danna and Ulva islands, in west of
Argyleshire. It contains the post office
villages of Bellonach and Tayvallich ;
measures, on mainland, about 14 miles
by 6 ; and comprises 26,293 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £6557. Pop. 927.
The mainland coast, along Jura Sound,
and within Loch Swin, measures above
50 miles ; and the part of it from Ardnoe
point to Keills promontory is bold and
rocky, and includes reaches of precipice
upwards of 200 feet high. The interior
is a diversity of dale and hill, with much
wood and many lakes ; and culminates
on Cruach-Lussa at altitude of 1530 feet
above sea-level. Chief antiquities are
Castle Swin, Dundonald moat, remains
of three old forts, and ruins of two old
religious houses. The churches are
Established and Free. There are 3 schools
for 235 scholars, and 2 of them for 155 are
new.

KNAPDALE (SOUTH), parish, compris-
ing most of southern part of Knapdale,
in west of Argyleshire. It contains
Ardrishaig town and part of Tarbert ;
measures about 21 miles by 10 ; and com-
prises 52,560 acres. Real property in

KNA

283

KNO

1880-81, £12,598. Pop., quoad civilia,
2522 ; quoad sacra, 1202. The west coast
is deeply cut by Loch Killisport. The
interior is roughly upland, mostly pastoral
or waste, and very limitedly arable. The
seats are Auchendarroch, Ormsary, Inver-
neill, Drimdishaig, Erines, and Barmore ;
and the antiquities are remains or sites of
seven chapels. Parochial churches are
at Inverneill and Achoich, a quoad sacra
parish church and a Free church are in
Ardrishaig, and a quoad sacra parochial
church is in Tarbert. Three schools for
95 scholars are in the part of the parish
exclusive of Tarbert, and 2 of them for 48
are new.

KNAPP, headland terminating peninsula
between Lochs Swin and Killisport, in
Knapdale, Argyleshire.

KNEES, bold headland, 7 miles north-
north-east of Stornoway, Outer Hebrides.

KNIGHTLAND, extensive flat tract in
Drumblade parish, Aberdeenshire.

KNIGHTSRIDGE, hill and estate in Liv-
ingstone parish, Linlithgowshire.

KNIGHTSWOOD, village, 5 miles north-
west of Glasgow. Pop. 790.

KNIPE, hill in New Cumnock parish,
Ayrshire.

KNOCK, hill, 1409 feet high, in Grange
parish, Banffshire.

KNOCK, hills in Fordyce parish, Banff-
shire ; in Ordiquhill parish, Banffshire ; in
Alves parish, Elginshire ; in Edenkillie
parish, Elginshire ; in Fordoun parish,
Kincardineshire ; in Lintrathen parish,
Forfarshire ; in Crieff parish, Perthshire ;
in Bathgate parish, Linlithgowshire; and
in each of some other parishes.

KNOCK, isolated eminence, said to have
been death-place of King Robert II. 's.
mother, nearly midway between Renfrew
and Paisley, Renfrewshire.

KNOCK, headland in Boyndie parish,
Banffshire.

KNOCK, railway station adjacent to
Knock Hill, 9J miles south of Portsoy,
Banffshire.

KNOCK, ruined tower in Glenmuick par-
ish, Aberdeenshire.

KNOCK, estate, with modern castellated
mansion and renovated ancient baronial
fortalice on the coast, 1| mile south of
Skelmorlie, Ayrshire.

KNOCK, ruined old seat in Foveran
parish, Aberdeenshire.

KNOCK, ruined ancient baronial fortalice
in Sleat parish, Isle of Skye.

KNOCK, rivulet. See Knaick.

KNOCKAGHAISH, hill, 982 feet high, 3
miles south of Cape "Wrath, Sutherland.

KNOCKANDO, parish, containing Ar-
chieston village, on south-east border of
Elginshire. It has a post office of its own
name under Craigellachie, measures about
15 miles by 6, and comprises 28,134 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £8401. Pop.
1838. The Spey traces all the north-
eastern boundary. The land includes a
tine low tract adjacent to the river, rises

thence in diversity of heights and glens,
and terminates in upland moors and a
lofty mountain summit. The seats are
Knockando House, Easter Elchies, Wester
Elchies, and Glengunnery ; the antiquities
are sites of four churches ; and interesting
objects are Craigellachie rock and bridge,
and two caves. The churches are Estab-
lished, Free, and United Presbyterian ;
and there are 5 schools with capacity for

KNOCKANTSABHAL, hill in south of
Eddertoun parish, Ross-shire.

KNOCKARD, village in Barvas parish,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 136.

KNOCKBAIN, parish, containing Mun-
lochy and Charleston villages, and north
side of Kessock ferry, in south-east corner
of Ross-shire. It has a post office of its
own name under Inverness ; and it measures
about 6J miles by 5^. Real property in
1880-81, £10,019. Pop. 1866. The sur-
face is intersected by Munlochy Bay, lies
along Moray Firth, and ascends thence
gradually to the summit of Mullbuy. A
chief seat is Belmaduthy ; and a notable
spot is the scene of a battle in 13th century
between the Macdonalds and the men of
Inverness. The churches are Established
and Free. There are 4 schools for 362
scholars, and 3 of them for 310 are new.

KNOCKBEG, hill, with remains of ancient
circular fort, in Aboyne parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

KNOCKBIRNY, mountain at head of
Strathoikell on mutual border of Ross-
shire and Sutherland. It abounds with
marble, both white and coloured.

KNOCKBRAS, hill, 1384 feet high, near
Berriedale, Caithness.

KNOCKBRECK, hill and stream in Jura
Island, Argyleshire.

KNOCKBREX, or ARDWALL, island in
Borgue parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

KNOCK CASTLE. See Knock, Ayeshike.

KNOCKCRAGGY, terminal part of
mountain-range overhanging Kyle of
Tongue, in Sutherland.

KNOCKCRAIG, lofty hill in Kirkmichael
parish, Dumfriesshire.

KNOCKDAVIE, ruined ancient baronial
fortalice in Burntisland parish, Fife.

KNOCKDAW, ruined baronial fortalice
in Colmonell parish, Ayrshire.

KNOCKDERRY, vestige of Scandinavian
fort on Loch Long, in Roseneath parish,
Dumbartonshire.

KNOCKDOLIAN, conspicuous conical
hill, mansion, and ruined baronial fort-
alice, in Colmonell parish, Ayrshire.

KNOCKDOW, seat in Inverchaolain
parish, Argyleshire.

KNOCKDURROCH, eminence, with small
ancient camp, near Monzie village, Perth-
shire.

KNOCKELDERAVOLL, mountain on
mutual border of Loth and Kildonan
parishes, Sutherland.

KNOCKENBAIRD, hill in Insch parish,
Aberdeenshire.

KNO

284

KYL

KNOCKFARREL, acclivitous hill,
crowned with large vitrified fort, on south
side of Strathpeffer, Eoss-shire.

KNOCKFIN, mountain on mutual border
of Kildonan and Eeay parishes, Suther-
land.

KNOCKFIN, Inverness-shire. See
Fingal's Fort.

KNOCKGEORGAN, hill, 706 feet high,
with vestiges of Scandinavian fort, and
with extensive magnificent view, in
Ardrossan parish, Ayrshire.

KNOCKGERRAN, barony in Dailly
parish, and including Ailsa Craig, in
Ayrshire.

KNOCKHALL, ruined castle in Foverau
parish, Aberdeenshire.

KNOCKHALL, place of cattle markets in
St. Andrews parish, Orkney.

KNOCKIE, seat on Loch Ness, 5 miles
north-east of Fort-Augustus, Inverness-
shire.

KNO CKINGL A W, hill in Inverury parish,
Aberdeenshire.

KNOCKINHAGLISH, hill, with site of
ancient church, in Drymen parish, Stirling-
shire.

KNOCKINNAN, ruined ancient castle in
Latheron parish, Caithness.

KNOCKINTIBER, village in Kilmaurs
parish, Ayrshire.

KNOCKLAGAN, hill on west side of
Eddertoun parish, Eoss-shire.

KNOCKLEA, place, with public school, in
Strathdon parish, Aberdeenshire.

KNOCKLECARLEW, lofty hill, with
extensive view and with site of Dalriadan
watch-post, at head of Auchinchew vale,
in south of Arran Island, Buteshire.

KNOCKMADE, barony in Neilston
parish, Eenfrewshire.

KNOCKMAHAR, hill-ridge in Blairgowrie
parish, Perthshire.

KNOCKMAN, lake in Dairy parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

KNOCK-MORAY, lofty hill, with exten-
sive view, in Edenkillie parish, Elgin-
shire.

_ KNOCKMOY, lofty hill, with extensive
view, adjacent to Mull of Kintyre, Argyle-
shire.

KNOCKNABAREIVICH, hill in Eeay
parish, Caithness.

KNOCKNAFEDAGH, hill in western
vicinity of Thurso, Caithness.

KNOCKNALLING, seat in Kells parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

KNOCKNANERANACH, western summit
of Morven Mountains, Caithness.

KNOCKNAVIE, wooded cairn-crowned
hill in Eosskeen parish, Eoss-shire.

KNOCKNOWTON, eminence, with ex-
tensive view, in east of Cambusnethan
parish, Lanarkshire.

KNOCKPHAIL, notable small green hill
in Kilmuir parish, Isle of Skye.

KNOCKSHOGGLE, village and colliery in
Coylton parish, Ayrshire.

KNOCKSIDE, lofty hill in Largs parish,
Ayrshire.

KNOCKSLEITILL, lofty hill in Eeay
parish, Caithness.

KNOCKSTING, lake in Dairy parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

KNOWE, place, 10 miles west of Newton-
Stewart, Wigtonshire. It has a post office
under Kirkcowan.

KNOWE, headland on south-west of
"Westray Island, Orkney.

KNOWES, three large tumuli in north-
east of Sanday Island, Orkney.

KNOWHEAD, estate and spade manu-
factory, 1| mile east of Denny, Stirling-
shire.

KNOWHEAD, seat in Glassford parish,
Lanarkshire.

KNOWS, place, with spinning-mills, in
vicinity of Beith, Ayrshire.

KNOWSOUTH, seat in Bedrule parish,
Eoxburghshire.

KNOX, conspicuous farm-steading in St.
Cyrus parish, Kincardineshire.

KNOX (JOHN), quoad sacra parish in
Aberdeen. Pop. 6656.

KNOX (JOHN), chapel-of-ease in north-
east of Glasgow.

KNOXLAND, seat in vicinity of Dum-
barton.

KNOYDART, district on west coast of
mainland, Inverness-shire. It is bounded
on the north by Loch Hourn, on the
south by Loch Nevis ; it measures 21
miles in length, and 8 in greatest breadth ;
and it contains Inverie hamlet, post office,
and mansion, a quoad sacra parochial
church for a pop. of 435, and a public school.

KOLLIEBEN, hill on mutual border of
Loth and Clyne parishes, Sutherland.

KOLTAG, verdant hill in Eeay parish,
Caithness.

KYLE, middle district of Ayrshire. It
is divided from Cunningham by Irvine
river, from Carrick by Doon river; and
it is subdivided into Kyle-Stewart on
the north, and King's Kyle on the south,
by Ayr river.

KYLEAKIN, strait dividing Isle of Skye
from south-western extremity of Eoss-
shire mainland, and village on Skye side
of that strait. The strait is short, and
scarcely J mile wide, and it leads west-
ward from Loch Alsh. — The village stands
7| miles east-by-north of Broadford ; was
founded by the late Lord Macdonald, with
design to become a town; adjoins the
ruined strong fortalice of Castle Maoil;
and has a post office under Lochalsh, a
hotel, a pier, a ferry, and a public school.
Pop. 232.

KYLE CASTLE, remains of old fortalice
in upper part of Auchinleck parish, Ayr-
shire.

KYLE OF ASSYNT. See Ktle-Skow.

KYLE OF DURNESS, narrow bay project-
ing 6| miles southward from west side of
Farouthead, in Durness parish, Sutherland.

KYLE OF LAXFORD. Sec Laxfobd.

KYLE OF SUTHERLAND, upper part of
Dornoch Firth, between Sutherland and
Eoss-shire.

KYL

285

LAD

KYLE OF TONGUE, narrow sea-loch,
8 miles long, intersecting northern part
of Tongue parish, Sutherland.

KYLE-RHEA, strait connecting Sleat
Sound with Loch Alsh, between mainland
and Isle of Skye. It is about £ mile wide,
is swept by very rapid tidal current, is
overhung on the Skye side by lofty
mountains, and has a ferry and an inn.

KYLES, hill in Polwarth parish, Ber-
wickshire.

KYLESHILL, place in Stevenston parish,
Ayrshire. It has a public school with
about 110 scholars.

KYLE-SKOW, narrow sea-loch on mutual
boundary of Edderachyllis and Assynt
parishes, Sutherland. It commences at
head of large semicircular bay ; goes 5
miles east-by-southward, with maximum
width of about a mile ; and then splits
into two branches, Lochs Dhu and Coul,
each about 3 miles long.

KYLESMURE, ancient barony in Mauch-
line parish, Ayrshire.

KYLES OF BUTE, semicircular offset of
Firth of Clyde, dividing northern half of
Bute Island from Argyleshire, measuring
about 17 miles from end to end, and
flanked all round by rich diversity of pic-
turesque scenery. Its east end, at opening
into Rothesay Bay, is about 1^ mile wide ;
its middle reaches, throughout much of
their aggregate, have an average width of
about only a furlong; and its west end,
at Ardlamont Point, dividing it from
mouth of Loch Fyne, has a width of about
3 miles. Lochs Striven and Blddan strike
northward from it into Cowal.

KYLESTROME, place, with large remains
of Scandinavian fort, in Edderachyllis
parish, Sutherland.

KYMAGH, rivulet running 7 miles south-
westward to the Li vet in Banffshire.

KYPE, rivulet running 8 miles windingly
northward to the Avon, in the vicinity of
Strath avon, Lanarkshire.

EYPES-RIGG, hill-ridge, 2£ miles long,
flanking Kype rivulet, Lanarkshire.

LACHT, vestige of ancient strong castle
on cliff in deep glen in Dalmellington
parish, Ayrshire.

LACKER STONE, barrow in Kettle parish,
Fife.

LACKSTA, salmon -stream in Harris,
Outer Hebrides.

LACOCK, section of Fowlis village,
Perthshire.

LADDER, lofty acclivitous rock, formerly
surmounted by fortalice, at Awe Pass,
on Awe river, Argyleshire.

LADDER, coast cave in Airdmeanach, on
west coast of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

LADDERS, rude stair on precipitous
bank of Trossachs, formerly the only means
of access to foot of Loch Katrine, on south-
west border of Perthshire.

LADEDDA, hill in Ceres parish, Fife.

LADHOPE, quoad sacra parish, contain-

ing part of Galashiels town, on mutual
border of Koxburgh shire and Selkirkshire.
It was constituted in 1855, and it has
Established and Free churches, with re-
spectively 900 and 550 sittings. Pop.
6576.

LADSHAW, mountain, 1527 feet high,
13 miles north-north-west of Langholm,
Dumfriesshire.

LADY, parish comprising north-eastern
section of Sanday Island, Orkney. Its
length is 8^ miles, and its breadth varies
from less than a furlong to 3£ miles. Real
property, with rest of Sanday, in 1880-81,
£6023. Pop. 945. About one-third of
the land is waste, and the rest is variously
pastoral and arable. See Sanday.

LADY, rocky islet, 5£ miles north-west-
by-north of Ayr harbour, Ayrshire.

LADY, burn entering the Eden at Cupar,
Fife.

LADY, small bay on north coast of Kirk-
colm parish, Wigtonshire.

LADY, romantic glen, with site of
ancient chapel, in Dailly parish, Ayr-
shire.

LADY, quondam chapel of 14th century,
in ravine near Cambuslang parochial
church, Lanarkshire.

LADY, quondam ancient chapel at
Duncansby, in north-east corner of Caith-
ness.

LADY, half-sunk insulated rock near
Duart Castle, Mull Island, Argyleshire.
It was the scene of a tragical event, noted
in Campbell's Glenara, and Joanna Baillie's
Family Legend.

LADY, notable wells in Airth parish,
Stirlingshire ; in Balmerino parish, Fife ;
in Falkland parish, Fife ; in old north-
eastern part of Glasgow ; in Glenisla
parish, Forfarshire ; in Grange parish,
Banffshire ; and in some other Scottish
places.

LADYBANK, town, 5| miles south-
west of Cupar, Fife. It stands at the
junction of the railways from Tayport and
Perth, and has a head post office with
money order and telegraph departments,
a railway station and depot, a banking
office, a quoad sacra parochial church of
1882, and a public school with about 246
scholars. Pop. 1072.

LADYBURN, place, with chapel-of-ease,
in West Kirk section of Greenock, Ren-
frewshire.

LADY GLENORCHY, quoad sacra parish,
with Established and Free churches, in
Edinburgh. Pop. 6043.

LADYHILL, hillock, with vestige of fort,
at west end of Elgin.

LADYKIRK, hamlet and parish on
south-east border of Berwickshire. The
hamlet lies adjacent to the Tweed, 5^
miles north-north-east of Coldstream, and
has a post office designated of Berwick-
shire, a renovated old Gothic church, and
a public school with about 105 scholars.—
The parish contains also Horndean andl
Upsetlington villages, measures 4 miles by

LAD

286

LAI

2j, and comprises 3380 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £6783. Pop. 438.
The surface rises gently from the Tweed,
and has a few swells, but is mostly flat
and very fertile. The only mansion is
Ladykirk House, and the chief antiquity
is a slight vestige of a religious house of
12th century. Three springs, surmounted
by modern pillars, and called Nun's,
Monk's, and St. Mary's, are near that
vestige. A United Presbyterian church is
in Horndean.

LADYKIRK, ancient parish, comprising
south - western limb of Stronsay Island,
Orkney. It is now united to Stronsay
parish.

LADYKIRK, ancient parish, comprising
northern part of Westray Island, Orkney.
It is now united to "Westray parish.

LADYKIRK, estate, with remains of
ancient chapel, in Monkton parish, Ayr-
shire.

LADYLAND, suburb of Glengarnock,
and estate with modern mansion, in Kil-
birnie parish, Ayrshire. The suburb has
a public school with about 263 scholars.

LADYLOAN, quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in Arbroath,
Forfarshire. Pop. 4049.

LADY'S, notable wells in Aboyne parish,
Aberdeenshire ; in Alloa parish, Clack-
mannanshire ; in Avoch parish, Ross-
shire ; in Bedrule parish, Roxburghshire ;
in Daviot parish, Aberdeenshire ; in Kin-
cardine parish, Ross-shire ; in Marnoch
parish, Banffshire ; in Stow parish, Edin-
burghshire ; in Traquair parish, Peebles-
shire ; and in "Whitekirk parish, Hadding-
tonshire.

LADY'S BRIDGE, railway station, 2|
miles west of Banff.

LADYSFORD, seat in Fyvie parish, Aber-
deenshire.

LADY'S SEAT, lofty hill -peak,' with
extensive view, in Eddertoun parish, Ross-
shire. '

LADY YESTER, parish in south side of
Edinburgh. Pop., quoad civilia, 3041;
quoad sacra, 1593.

LAG, hamlet adjacent to Kiimorie
church in mouth of Torlin glen, in south
of Arran Island, Buteshire.

LAG, ruined massive old tower in Dun-
score parish, Dumfriesshire.

LAGG, hamlet on east coast of Jura
Island, Argyleshire. It lies opposite Keills
in Knapdale, and has a post office under
Greenock, an inn, and a ferry.

LAGGA, tract, about 10 miles long, on
coast of Loch Sunart, Argyleshire.

LAGGAN, parish comprising upper part
of Badenoch district, Inverness-shire. It
has a post office, with money order depart-
ment, under Kingussie, and it measures
about 22 miles in both length and breadth.
Real property in 1880-81, £15,041. Pop.
917. The Central Grampians, cut by
Loch Ericht, are on the south-eastern
border ; the Monadhleadh Mountains, in
their alpine parts around the sources of

the Spey, are on the north-western border ;
and other wild lofty mountains, intersected
by corries, ravines, and narrow glens,
occupy most of the interior parts. A tract
about 3 miles broad, along upper part of
the Spey, contains nearly all the inhabi-
tants. Loch Laggan extends about 7 miles
to the south-western boundary, has a mean
breadth of about a mile, is overlooked by
the ruined mansion of Ardverikie, and
discharges from its foot the river Spean.
The present mansions are Cluny Castle,
Glentruim, Falls of Truim, and Glenshirra ;
and the antiquities are remains of a very
strong fort, ruins of an old church, and
alleged grave of five early Scottish kings.
The churches are Established, Free, and
Roman Catholic. There are 4 schools for
263 scholars, and 3 of them for 215 are new.

LAGGAN, place, with public school, in
Anwoth parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

LAGGAN, beautiful conical hill in Moni-
vaird parish, Perthshire.

LAGGAN, bay on east side of Lochindaal,
Islay Island, Argyleshire.

LAGGAN, headland, with large cavern,
on Loch Buy, in south-east side of Mull
Island, Argyleshire.

LAGGAN, lake formed by expansion of
Evelix rivulet, in Criech parish, Suther-
land.

LAGGANTALLOCH, headland in west of
Kirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire.

LAGGAN-ULVA, hamlet on Loch Tuadh,
west coast of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

LAGGAVOULIN, village and bay, 4 miles
north-east of Port-Ellen, Islay Island,
Argyleshire.

LAICH, sea-loch striking south-eastward
to Bunessan village, in south-west of Mull
Island, Argyleshire.

LAID, place in north-west of Sutherland.
It has a post office under Lairg.

LAIGH, tract traversed by Meikle river
in Lochbroom parish, Ross-shire.

LAIGHDOORS, place, 6 miles south-
south-east of Crieff, Perthshire. It has
a post office under Crieff.

LAIGHTOWN, section of Fenwick village,
Ayrshire.

LAIGHWOOD, barony in Clunie parish,
Perthshire.

LAINSHAW, seat in Stewarton parish,
Ayrshire.

LAIRDMANNOCH, series of cascades on
Tarf rivulet, Kirkcudbrightshire.

LAIRDS, lofty hill, with magnificent
view, in Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

LAIRG, village and parish in south centre
of Sutherland. The village stands 9 miles
north-by-west of Bonar-Bridge, and has
a head post office with money order and
telegraph departments, a railway station,
a banking office, a good inn, Established
and Free churches, and a public school. —
The parish measures 19 miles in length,
and from 6 to 15 miles in breadth. Real
property in 1880-81, £8204. Pop. 1355.
Most of the boundaries are formed by
lofty mountain watersheds, and most of

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the interior consists of wild uplands,
mostly declining toward Loch Shin. That
lake intersects the greater part of the
interior soxvth-eastward through the centre,
and a number of minor lakes lie among the
uplands. An extensive process of reclama-
tion of moor was commenced in 1873 by
the Duke of Sutherland, and cost for some
years about £24 per acre. Knock-a-chath,
' the hill of fight,' has a number of tumuli,
and is believed to have been a battle-scene
between the Sutherlands and the Mackays.
There are 2 schools with capacity for 120
scholars.

LAIRG, hill-pass in Eddertoun parish,
Koss-shire.

LAIRNEY, seat near Kincardine-O'Neil
village, Aberdeenshire.

LAITHERS, estate in Turriff parish,
Aberdeenshire.

LAKEFIELD, seat and public school, the
latter with about 75 scholars, in Glen-
urquhart, Inverness-shire.

LAKEHEAD, place, with public school,
in Kirkmahoe parish, Dumfriesshire.

LAMANCHA, hamlet and seat, 20£ miles
by railway south-by-west of Edinburgh.
The hamlet has a post office designated of
Peeblesshire, a raiL/ay station, and a
public school with about 63 scholars.

LAMB, headland, with large Picts' house,
in south-east of Stronsay Island, Orkney.

LAMB, islet, 1^ mile north-west of
North Berwick, Haddingtonshire.

LAMBA, island in Yell Sound, Shetland.

LAMBANESS, headland at north-east
extremity of Unst Island, Shetland.

LAMBANESS, small headland on west
side of Otterswick Bay, Sanday Island,
Orkney.

LAMBERTON, ancient parish, now part
of Mordington, on south-east border of
Berwickshire. Its church was the mar-
riage-place of King James iv., and the
scene of an international convention in
1573 ; and its toll-bar was long a place of
runaway marriages in the east, like Gretna
in the west.

LAMBHILL, village in Maryhill parish,
near Glasgow. Pop. 298.

LAMBHILL, estate in Avondale parish,
Lanarkshire.

LAMBHILL, place, with quondam slate
quarry,' in Forgue parish, Aberdeenshire.

LAMBHOGA, hill, with turbary, in
Fetlar parish, Shetland.

LAMBHOLM, island in Holm Sound,
Orkney. Pop. 8.

LAMGARROCH, lofty hill in Tynron
parish, Dumfriesshire.

LAMINGTON, village and parish in
upper ward of Lanarkshire. The village
stands on burn of its own name adjacent
to the Clyde, 10 miles south-south-east of
Carstairs Junction, is a decayed ancient
place, and has a post office, with money
order department, under Biggar, a rail-
way station, a church which retained till
recent times the old ' cutty stool ' and
'jouggs,' and a public school with about

50 scholars. — The parish measures about
7f miles by 3f, and comprises 12,820 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £7921. Pop.
316. The surface includes some fertile
alluvial lands, but is mostly hilly and
bleak. Lamington barony belonged to the
wife of Sir William Wallace ; and Laming-
ton Tower on it, once a splendid ancient edi-
fice, is now a small ruin not far from the
village. Other antiquities are Caledonian
works on Arbory Hill, three Roman camps
at Whitehill, and a number of other camps
and a moat in other parts.

LAMLASH, village and bay on east coast of
Arran Island, Buteshire. The village stands
at the bay's head, 5^ miles south-south-
east of Brodick, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Arran, a banking office, a
hotel, a good stone pier, a parochial church,
and 2 public schools with about 125 scholars.
Pop. 219. — The bay measures about 3 miles
across the mouth, has a horse-shoe outline,
is more than half occupied in outer part
by Holy Isle, enjoys complete shelter
from every wind, and is a remarkably
excellent refuge -harbour.

LAMLOCH, lake in Cadder parish, Lan-
arkshire.

LAMMERLAW, summit of Lammer-
moors, 8£ miles south of Haddington. It
has a height of 1732 feet above sea-level,
is the loftiest of the Lammermoors, and
gives name to the entire range.

LAMMERMOORS, hill-range on mutual
border of Haddingtonshire and Berwick-
shire. It extends from vale of Gala river
eastward to German Ocean ; is 26 miles
long, and averagely about 10^ miles broad ;
and was formerly covered with forest, but is
now for the most part bleak sheep-pasture.

LAMNA, island in south-west of Yell
Sound, Shetland.

LAMONT, seat and bay on west side of
peninsula between Loch Fyne and Kyles
of Bute, Argyleshire.

LANARK, town and parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. The town stands
on a fine high slope, about J mile from
right bank of the Clyde, 4f miles south-
west of Carstairs Junction, and 25 by road
south-east-by-east of Glasgow ; is believed
to have sprung from the Roman station
Colonia; was the meeting-place of a
Scottish parliament in 978, the earliest
one on record ; had a royal castle, occa-
sionally occupied by William the Lion
and other kings ; figured prominently in
the history of Sir William Wallace ; was
one of the four original Scottish royal
burghs ; ranked long as the capital of
the country on the Clyde and its affluents
down to Dumbartonshire and Ayrshire ;
ranks now as the capital of upper ward of
Lanarkshire, and as a burgh uniting with
Hamilton, Airdrie, Linlithgow, and Falkirk
in sending a member to Parliament ; gives
the title of earl to the Duke of Hamilton ;
is engirt, to a far distance, by richly pic-
turesque country; attracts multitudes of

LAN

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LAN

strangers for visiting the falls of Clyde ;
carries on considerable amount of miscel-
laneous business ; publishes a weekly news-
paper ; and has a head post office with all
departments, a railway station, 4 banking
offices, 4 hotels, county buildings of 1834,
a parochial church of 1777, with colossal
statue of Sir William Wallace over its
door, a quoad sacra parochial church of
1867, a Free church, 2 United Presby-
terian churches, Evangelical Union and
Episcopalian churches, a Roman Catholic
church of 1858-59 erected at a cost of
about £15,000, an interesting ruin of an-
cient church on site of Culdee cell, a
cemetery around that ruin with grave of
a martyred Covenanter and grave of the
persecutor Bonshaw, a bowling-green on
site of the ancient royal castle, a grammar
school, an educational institute, and 6
other schools. Real property in 1880-81,
£13,108. Pop. 4910.— The parish contains
also the villages of New Lanark and Cart-
land ; measures about 6£ miles by 4^ ;
and comprises 10,385 acres. Real property
of landward part in 1880-81, £20,814.
Pop. of the whole, quoad civilia, 7580 ;
quoad sacra, 4327. The river Clyde
traces all the south-eastern and south-
western boundaries, and achieves, on the
latter, all its famous falls ; and the rivulet
Mouse, running to the Clyde, cuts the
interior into two not very unequal parts,
and traverses, in its lower reach, the
celebrated ravine of Cartland Crags. The
land is mostly an elevated plateau, bi-
sected by the Mouse, and flanked partly
by gentle slopes, partly by steep decli-
vities, downward to the Clyde. A high
part of it, called Lanark Moor, was for-
merly an unsightly waste, but is now
adorned with wood; and all other parts
are embellished with mansions, parks, and
well-cultivated fields. Chief seats are
Lee, Bonnington, Smyllum, Cleghorn, and
Sunnyside ; and chief antiquities are traces
of the Roman Watling Street, remains of
two Roman camps, vestiges of Castle Qua,
and the remnant of a lofty tower on Castle-
hill. Fifteen schools for 1838 scholars are
in the parish, and 3 of them for 265 are new.

LANARK (NEW), manufacturing village
on the Clyde, about a mile south-south-
west of Lanark. It was founded in 1784
by the philanthropic David Dale ; it be-
came, for a number of years till 1827,
the scene of the socialistic experiments
of Robert Owen ; and it has a post office
under Lanark, cotton factories, and a large
school. Pop. 706.

LANARK (ST. LEONARD), quoad sacra
parish with church in Lanark. Pop. 3253.

LANARKSHIRE, county nearly identical
with the basin of the Clyde from that
river's sources downward to north-western
vicinity of Glasgow, and often called
Clydesdale. Its length is 52 miles ; its
greatest breadth 34 miles ; its area 889
square miles. It is divided, for adminis-
trative purposes, into three wards, upper,

middle, and lower ; and into four districts,
Lanark, Airdrie, Hamilton, and Glasgow.
The upper ward comprises about three-
fifths of the entire area ; is separated from
adjoining counties by lofty mountain
watershed ; has summits there 2258, 2483,
and 2454 feet of altitude above sea-level ;
consists mostly of mountains, upland
wastes, wild moors, and pastoral heights ;
and includes, adjacent to the Clyde and
its affluents, a considerable aggregate of
fertile holms and other low arable lands.
The middle ward is broadly bordered by
lofty hills and broad moors ; declines
thence in plateaus and undulations, in-
tersected by ravines ; comprises a large
aggregate of arable land, at elevations of
from 250 to about 400 feet above sea-
level; and includes a rich low orchard
tract along its centre, with such depression
and flanking as to be called the Trough of
Clyde. The lower ward is much smaller
than even the middle one ; includes, on its
south-west side, the moderate hill-ridge of
Dechmont and Cathkin ; and exhibits
elsewhere the aspect of a plain slightly
diversified with rising-grounds. The
streams of the county, with trivial
exceptions, are the Clyde and its affluents ;
and the lakes, though numerous, are all
small. The rocks of the upper ward are
principally Silurian ; and those of the
middle and lower wards are extensively
carboniferous, with great wealth of coal,
ironstone, limestone, and sandstone.
The agriculture made early, steady, rapid
progress, and has long been in high con-
dition. The mining, iron-working, and
manufacturing industries have not been
excelled by those of any part of the
empire. The commerce also is great, and
has its focus in Glasgow. The country
belonged to the Caledonian Damnii ; was
overrun, and for some time dominated,
by the Romans ; formed part of the
kingdom of Cumbria or Strathclyde, and
made some figure in the history of the
early Scoto-Saxon kings ; and it possesses
many antiquities of all the times from the
Caledonian to the mediaeval. The chief
town is the greater part of Glasgow.
Other towns with each more than 15,000
inhabitants are Govan, Partick, Airdrie,
and Coatbridge ; others with each more
than 9000 are Hamilton and Rutherglen ;
others with each more than 5000 are
Wish aw, Motherwell, Lanark, Maryhill,
and Springburn ; others with each more
than 2000 are Hillhead, Baillieston,
Bellshill, Calderbank, Cambuslang, Car-
luke, Holytown, Larkhall, Newmains,.
Rosehall, Stonehouse, Strathavon, Toll-
cross, and Shettleston ; others with each
more than 1000 are Biggar, Blantyre-
works, Bothwell, Cambusnethan, Car-
fin, Chapelhall, Coatdyke, Craigneuk,
Douglas, Leadhills, Calder - Ironworks,
Mossend, Overtown, Shotts - Ironworks,
East Kilbride, Lesmahagow, Newarthill,
Uddingston, and Whiteinch ; and the

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villages with each more than 300 amount
to 61. Glasgow sends three members to
Parliament ; Lanark, Airdrie, Hamilton,
and Rutherglen unite with other burghs
in sending two ; Glasgow University unites
with that of Aberdeen in sending one ; and
the north and south sections of the county,
exclusive of the burghs, send each one.
Real property of landward part of upper
ward in 1880-81, £337,391 ; of landward
part of middle ward, £886,568 ; of land-
ward part of lower ward, £815,064. Pop.
of the entire county in 1831, 316,819 ; in
1851, 530,169 ; in 1871, 765,339 ; in 1881,
904,102. Pop. in 1881 of Lanark district,
46,118; of Airdrie district, 84,909; of
Hamilton district, 120,454; of Glasgow
district, 662,621.

LANCE, lake, 4 miles north-east of Fort-
Augustus, Inverness-shire.

LANCEFIELD, berthage-place for heavy
screw-steamers on north side of Glasgow
harbour.

LANDERICK, place, with fosse-engirt
tumulus, in Aiilie parish, Forfarshire.

LANDHEAD, hill in Kingoldrum parish,
Forfarshire.

LANG, lake in Lanark parish,Lanarkshire.

LANG, affluent of Clitrig rivulet, Rox-
burghshire.

LANGA, island in Tingwall parish, Shet-
land.

LANGAL, extensive reclaimable moss,
adjacent to Loch Shiel, in Moydart,
Inverness-shire.

LANGANDUIN, place, with Scandi-
navian dune, near Janetown, Ross-shire.

LANGAVAT, lake, 1\ miles long, on south
border of Lewis-proper, Outer Hebrides.

LANGBANK, village and quoad sacra
parish on north verge of Renfrewshire.
The village stands adjacent to the Clyde,
4£ miles east-south-east of Port-Glasgow ;
includes a chain of new ornate cottages ;
and has a post office under Port-Glasgow,
a railway station, Established and United
Presbyterian churches, and a commodious
school. Pop. of the village, 322 ; of the
quoad sacra parish, 575.

LANGBAR, village on mutual border
of Beith and Dairy parishes, Ayrshire.
Pop. 233.

LANGHAUGH, place, with site of peel-
tower, in Manor parish, Peeblesshire.

LANGHOLM, town and parish in Esk-
dale, Dumfriesshire. The town stands on
Esk river, at terminus of branch railway,
amid delightful environs, 1\ miles north-
west of Biddings Junction, and 18 by road
north-east of Annan ; comprises old sec-
tion, with central market-place, and new
section in form of triangle ; publishes a
weekly newspaper; and has a head post
office with money order and telegraph
departments, a railway station, 2 banking
offices, a first-class hotel, a steepled town
hall, a spacious parochial church of 1846,
a Free church, 2 United Presbyterian
churches, an Evangelical Union church,
a mission church of 1881, 2 public schools

with about 429 scholars, and a statue of
Sir Pulteney Malcolm, and is adjacent to
a lofty, conspicuous, obeliskal monument
of Sir John Malcolm, and to the Duke
of Buccleuch's seat of Langholm Lodge.
Pop. 4209. — The parish measures 8| miles
by 5£, and comprises 16,971 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £17,744. Pop. 4612.
The Esk cuts the interior southward into
two equal parts ; and Ewes and Wauchope
rivulets bisect these parts, and enter the
Esk at the town. Bich arable land lies
along reaches of the streams, and smooth
verdant pastoral hills occupy most of the
rest of the area. The seats are Langholm
Lodge and Broomholm ; and the antiqui-
ties are ruins or vestiges of three old
castles, traces of a Roman road, and
supposed site of a Caledonian town.
There are 4 schools for 758 scholars, and
part of 1 of them for 220 is new.

LANGHOUSE, seat in Innerkip parish,
Renfrewshire.

LANGLANDS, village in Wilton parish,
Roxburghshire.

LANGLEE, seat in Jedburgh parish,
Roxburghshire.

LANGLEY, estate in Dun parish, For-
farshire.

LANGLOAN, north-western section of
Coatbridge, Lanarkshire. It has a rail-
way station, a range of smelting furnaces,
a monument of 1880 to the native poetess
Janet Hamilton, and a public school with
about 307 scholars.

LANGRIGG (EAST and WEST), villages in
New Monkland parish, Lanarkshire. Pop.
519 and 333.

LANGSHAW, place in Melrose parish,
Roxburghshire. It has a post office under
Galashiels, and a public school.

LANGSHAW, seat inKirkpatrick-Fleming
parish, Dumfriesshire.

LANGSHAW, burn and lime-works in
Carluke parish, Lanarkshire.

LANGSIDE, town, mansion, and battle-
field of 1568, adjacent to south-west side
of Queen's Park, 1\ miles south-south-west
of centre of Glasgow. The town has a
chapel-of-ease. Pop. 2105.

LANGTON, parish, containing Gavinton
post office village, near centre of Berwick-
shire. Its length is fully 6 miles ; its
breadth fully 3 miles ; its area 7139 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £8157. Pop.
505. The north-western section is part
of the Lammermoors, comprises hills from
500 to 1056 feet high, and is all pastoral.
The south-eastern section is part of the
Merse, and is all fertile and richly em-
bellished. Langton House was founded in
1862 by the Marquis of Breadalbane, and
passed at his death to Lady Elizabeth
Pringle. Langton village covered the
ground now occupied by that mansion,
figured much in the Border warfare, and
was erased in 1760 to be succeeded by
Gavinton. Existing antiquities are traces,
of two camps and two military stations.
The churches are Established and Free,.

T

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and the former was rebuilt in 1873. The
public school is new, and has capacity for
120 scholars.

LANGWELL, mansion and rivulet on
south border of Caithness. The mansion
stands near Berriedale village, and belongs
to the Duke of Portland. The rivulet
rises among the Morven Mountains, and
runs about 12 miles eastward to confluence
with Berriedale rivulet near the mansion.

LANRICK, modern seat on Teith river,
3 miles west-by-north of Doune, Perth-
shire. The estate around it is called
Lendrick in The Lady of the Lake.

LANRIG. See Longridge.

LANTON, village, 2^ miles west-north-
west of Jedburgh, Roxburghshire. It has
a peel-tower and a public school.

LANY, ancient parish, now partly united
to Port-of-Monteith, Perthshire.

LAOGHAL. See Loyal.

LAOIDEAN. See Lydoch.

LAORBEN, mountain, 3341 feet high, on
south side of Loch Hourn, Inverness-shire.

LAPPOCH, dangerous rock, 1£ mile south-
south -west of mouth of Irvine river, in
bay of Ayr.

LARACHBEG, place in riorth-west of
Argyleshire mainland. It has a post office
under Oban.

LARAN, affluent of Fruin rivulet, Dum-
bartonshire.

LARBERT, village and parish in east of
Stirlingshire. The village stands 3 miles
west-north-west of Falkirk, and has a
post office, with money order department,
designated of Stirlingshire, a railway
station, a parochial church, and a public
school with about 215 scholars. Pop.
831. — The parish contains also Stenhouse-
muir town, most of West Carron and
Kinnaird villages, and nearly half of
Carronsbore. Its length is 3j miles; its
greatest breadth about 1\ miles ; its area
3963 acres. Beal property in 1880-81,
£20,966. Pop. 6346. The river Carron
traces all the southern boundary. The
land is nowhere higher than about 100
feet above sea-level, and slopes toward the
Carron and the east. The chief seats are
Larbert House, Glenbervie, Kinnaird,
Carronhall, and Carronpark ; the chief
antiquities are traces of a Bom an road
and the site of Arthur's Oven ; and a
notable place is the scene of the Falkirk
cattle trysts. There is a Free church for
Larbert and Dunipace ; and there are,
for Larbert alone, 7 schools, with capacity
for 961 scholars. The Scottish National
Institute for imbecile children also is here,
has capacity for 250, and had 71 boys and
45 girls at beginning of 1880.

LARBRAX, place, with public school, in
Leswalt parish, Wigtonshire.

LARCHHILL, seat near Moffat, Dum-
friesshire.

LARG, ruined castle in south of Minni-
gaff parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

LARG, remains of castle in east of Inch
parish, Wigtonshire.

LARG, lofty hill in Kirkmabreck parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

LARG, hill-range in north of Urr parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire .

LARGIE, place in Insch parish, Aber-
deenshire. It has a public school with
about 110 scholars.

LARGIE, seat near Otter-Bank, in Loch
Fyne, Argyleshire.

LARGIE, seat in Killean parish, Argyle-
shire.

LARGIEBEG, headland on south-east
coast of Arran Island, Buteshire.

LARGIEMORE, headland on east side of
Loch Fyne, to the north of Otter Ferry,
Argyleshire.

LARGO, bay, two villages, and parish
on south coast of Fife. The bay describes
the segment of a circle between Methil
Point on the west and Kincraig Point on
the east, measures 6 miles across the
entrance, and is the scene of the old song,
' Weel may the boatie row.' — Lower Largo
village stands at the bay's head, 3 miles
east-north-east of Leven ; has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments,designated of Fife, a railway station, a
banking office, and a small harbour; and was
the birth-place of Alexander Selkirk, the
prototype of ' Bobinson Crusoe.' Pop. 440.
— Upper Largo or Kirkton-of -Largo village
stands about f mile east-north-east of
Lower Largo, and has a parochial church
with about 800 sittings, and a public school
with about 113 scholars. Pop. 318. —
The parish contains also Lundinmill,
Drumochie, Woodside, and New Gilston
villages ; measures 4 miles by 3f ; and com-
prises 7386 acres. Beal property in 1880-81,
£15,477. Pop., quoad civilia, 2234 ; quoad
sacra, 2013. The coast is flat and sandy,
and the interior shows much diversity of
low ground and acclivity, includes a deep
ravine, and culminates in the green conical
hill of Largo Law, rising to an altitude of
965 feet above sea-level, and commanding
a view over all the lower basin of the Forth.
Chief residences are Largo House and
Lundin ; and chief antiquities are a cir-
cular tower, ruins of Balcruvie Castle, a
Bunic monument, and three large unhewn
stones. The churches are Established,
Free, United Presbyterian, and Baptist.
A large public school is at Lundinmill.
Sir Andrew Wood's hospital also is in the
parish, dates from 1659, and was rebuilt
in 1830.

LARGOWARD, village and parish in
south-east of Fife. The village stands 4J
miles north-east of Lower Largo, and has
a post office under St. Andrews, a church
of 1835, and 2 public schools with about
135 scholars. Pop. 338. — The parish
comprises portions of Kilconquhar, Largo,
Cameron, and Carnbee, and includes New
Gilston village ; and it has a public school
at New Gilston. Pop. 1103.

LARGS, town and parish in extreme
north-west of Cunningham, Ayrshire.
The town stands on the coast, 8 miles by

LAR

291

LAT

water east-south-east of Rothesay, and 18
south-by- west of Greenock ; was proposed
near end of 1876 to have a railway about
5^ miles long to "Wemyss Bay ; dates from
old times, but presents a modern appear-
ance ; gives name to a famous battle fought
adjacent to it, in 1263, between Alexander
m. of Scotland and Haco of Norway ; is
now a small seaport, a summer retreat, and
a sea-bathing resort ; has charming en-
virons, and commands delightful views ;
stands behind a spacious esplanade used
as a public lounge ; comprises a terraced
street, a main street striking at right angles
from that, and numerous outskirting villas
and ornate cottages ; publishes a weekly
newspaper ; and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Ayrshire, 2 banking offices, 4 hotels,
a good quay, waterworks, a curious mauso-
leum of the Skelmorlie Montgomery s,
Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
Episcopalian,and Roman Catholic churches,
and a public school with about 160 scholars.
Pop. 3076. — The parish contains also
Skelmorlie village and most of Fairlie,
measures about 9 miles by 3|, and comprises
21,850 acres. Real property in 1879-80,
£41,483. Pop., quoad civilia, 5149; quoad
sacra, 3422. A hill-range with summits
from 700 to 1691 feet high occupies all
the inland border^ and is so compact and
engirdling as to have occasioned former
generations to say, ' Out of the world and
into the Largs.' A narrow vale runs be-
tween the hill-range and the coast in the
north, and a rich semicircular plain about
a mile wide lies between the range and
the shore, between the centre and the
south. The chief seats are Kelburn,
Brisbane, Skelmorlie, and Knock ; and
the chief antiquities are souvenirs of the
battle of 1263. Established and United
Presbyterian churches are at Skelmor-
lie, and Established and Free churches
are at Fairlie. Five schools are in the
parish, and have capacity for 625 scholars.

LARGYBAAN, bay, i\ miles north of
Mull of Kintyre, Argyleshire.

LARKFIELD, village in Blantyre parish,
Lanarkshire. Pop. 593.

LARKHALL, town and quoad sacra
parish in middle ward of Lanarkshire.
The town stands on Avon river, 3J miles
south-east of Hamilton ; dates mostly
from about 1776 ; is rather an assemblage
of villages than strictly a town ; and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Lanarkshire, a
railway station, a banking office, Estab-
lished, Free, United Presbyterian, Evan-
gelical Union, and Roman Catholic
churches, and 2 new public schools with
accommodatiom for 700 scholars. Pop.
of the town, 6503 ; of the quoad sacra
parish, 7063.

LARO, small lake in Criech parish,
Sutherland.

LAROCH, section of Ballachulish,
Argyleshire.

LARRISTON, estate on the Liddel, 6

miles north-north-east of Newcastleton,
Roxburghshire.

LARY, lake emitting stream south-
ward to Carron river, Ross-shire.

LASHY ROOST, foaming tidal rapids
between Sanday and Eday Islands, Orkney.

LASSODIE, village, 4 miles north-east
of Dunfermline, Fife. It has a post office
under Dunfermline, a Free church, and a
public school of 1877 with capacity for 250
scholars. Pop. 826.

LASSWADE, town and parish in Edin-
burghshire. The town stands on the
North Esk, 6^ miles by road, but 9| by
railway, south-south- east of Edinburgh ;
includes a suburb or section within Cock-
pen parish ; is situated partly in a dell,
and partly on steep high banks ; is en-
vironed by picturesque tracts, with
numerous villas ; was for several years
the residence of Sir Walter Scott, and
may have given hints for his picture of
Ganderscleugh in Tales of my Landlord;
is, with places around it, a favourite
summer retreat of Edinburgh citizens ;
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, under Edin-
burgh, a railway station, a banking office, a
hotel, Established and United Presbyterian
churches, and a public school with about
284 scholars. Pop. 1232. —The parish
contains also Loanhead, Polton Mills,
Roslin, and Rosewell, parts of Bonnyrigg
and Earkhill, and small part of Penicuick.
Its length is 8 miles ; its breadth mostly
less than 3 miles ; its greatest breadth 5
miles ; its area 10,675 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £53,580. Pop., quoad
civilia, 8872; quoad sacra, 5267. A
wing in the north-west ascends to the
summit of the Pentlands ; a tract of about
2J miles by 2 in the extreme south is bleak
moorish upland ; a strip about 5| miles
long, downward to the north - eastern
border, is part of the picturesque dell of
the North Esk ; and the rest of the
surface is mostly fertile ornate plain.
Coal, limestone, and sandstone abound,
and the coal is extensively worked. The
chief residences are Melville Castle, Haw-
thornden, Springfield, Mavisbank, Dryden,
Rosebank, Eldin, Goston, Glenesk, Polton,
and Auchindinny ; and the chief anti-
quities are Roslin castle and chapel, re-
mains of Hawthornden fortalice, two
military stations, and a short reach of
what was formerly a Roman road. Estab-
lished, Free, and Episcopalian churches are
at Roslin, an Established church is at
Rosewell, and a Free church is at Loan-
head. Five schools for 1009 scholars are
in the parish, and 2 of them and enlarge-
ments for 583 are new.

LATCH, flagstone quarry in Carmylie
parish, Forfarshire.

LATERBANNOCHY, rocky rising-ground,
with fine view, in Fowlis-Wester parish,
Perthshire. It once was crowned with a
mansion of the Earl of Mansfield's an-J-estors.

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292

LAU

LATHAICH, small sea-loch in south-west
of Ross promontory, in Mull Island, Argyle-
shire.

LATHALLAN, seat in Kilconquhar par-
ish, Fife.

LATH ALMOND , lime quarry in Dun-
fermline parish, Fife.

LATHERON, hamlet and parish in south
of Caithness. The hamlet lies on the
coast, 171 miles south-south-west of "Wick,
and has a post office, with money order
department, under Wick, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 100 scholars. — The parish
contains also the villages of Lybster,
Berriedale, Dalbeath, and Swiney. Its
length is nearly 27 miles ; its greatest
breadth 12| miles. Keal property in 1880-
81, £19,825. Pop., quoad civilia, 6675 ;
quoad sacra, 5486. The coast has a length
nearly equal to that of the entire parish ;
is mostly bold and cavernous, faced with
cliffs from 100 to 300 feet high, and much
indented with inlets at mouths of streams ;
and terminates at southern extremity in
the precipitous mountain sea-front of Ord
of Caithness. The interior is remarkably
diversified ; exhibits a continuous alterna-
tion of hill and vale, often in rapid succes-
sion ; and rises, throughout a tract of
about 12 miles by 10 in the extreme south,
into the alpine heights and wild glens of
the Morven Mountains. Chief seats are
Latheron House, Latheronwheel, Forse,
Swiney, Lybster, and Langwell ; and chief
antiquities are eight old castles, mostly in
ruins, and all on the coast. Established
churches are at Berriedale and Lybster,
and Free churches are at Berriedale,
Bruan, and Lybster. Twelve schools for
1518 scholars are in the parish, and 6 of
them and an enlargement for 991 are new.

LATHERONWHEEL, estate in Latheron
parish, Caithness. Pop. 518.

LATHONES, hamlet, 5 miles south-
south-west of St. Andrews, Fife. It
has a United Presbyterian church.

LATHRISK, seat, If miles north-east of
Falkland, Fife.

LATHRO, estate in Kinross parish, Kin-
ross-shire.

LATRICK, notable extinct mansion in
Cambuslang parish, Lanarkshire.

LATTERACH, small affluent of the
Lossie between Birnie and Dallas parishes,
Elginshire.

LAUDER, town and parish on west
border of Berwickshire. The town stands
on Leader river, 7 miles north-north-west
of Earlston ; possessed some consequence
in the time of William the Lion ; was the
scene of the execution of James m.'s
favourites by the Earl of Angus, 'Bell
the Cat ; ' unites now with Jedburgh,
Haddington, Dunbar, and North Berwick
in sending a member to Parliament ; has
long presented a worn and dull appear-
ance ; adjoins the mansion of Allanbank
and the Earl of Lauderdale's seat of Thirl-
stane Castle ; and has a head post office

with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, a banking office, a town hall,
Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian churches, and a public school
with about 281 scholars. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £2456. Pop. 964.—
The parish comprises a main body and
a detached district, averagely Lj mile
asunder ; measures, across the intersec-
tion, 13J miles in length ; has a breadth
of from 1| mile to 9| miles ; and com-
prises 34,898 acres. Real property of land-
ward part in 1880-81, £21,591. Pop. 1940.
The surface includes part of the vale of
the Leader ; extends northward, among the
Lammermoors, to summit of Lammer-
law ; and consists, to about two-thirds of
its extent, of moorish upland. Many
ancient camps, many tumuli, and traces
of a Roman road are among the hills.
There are 6 schools for 488 scholars, and
1 of them for 96 is new.

LAUDERDALE, western district of Ber-
wickshire. It long had a separate juris-
diction, but seems to have had uncertain
limits ; and it may now be regarded as
co-extensive with all the Berwickshire
parts of the basin of Leader river.

LAURENCE HOUSE (ST.), hamlet about
a mile west of Haddington.

LAURENCEKIRK, town and parish in
Kincardineshire. The town stands 14J
miles south-west of Stonehaven ; consists
chiefly of one street about a mile long ;
and has a head post office with all de-
partments, a railway station, 2 banking
offices, 4 hotels, 2 public halls, Estab-
lished, Free, Congregational, and Episco-
palian churches, and 2 public schools with
about 268 scholars. Pop. 1454. — The parish
measures 4J miles by 3, and comprises
5612 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£14,483. Pop. 2045. The surface consists
of parts of the How of Mearns, traversed
by Luther rivulet, and flanked by low
hills. The only mansion is Johnstone
Lodge. There are 4 schools for 569
scholars, and 2 of them and an enlarge-
ment for 320 are new.

LAURENCE (ST.), parish, more com-
monly called Slamannan, Stirlingshire.

LAURENCE (ST.), quondam chapel in
Greenock, Renfrewshire. It served for the
inhabitants in the times when Greenock
belonged to Innerkip parish.

LAURIESTON, suburb and quoad sacra
parish between Tradeston and Gorbals-
proper, on south side of Glasgow. Pop.
of the parish, 10,040.

LAURIESTON, town, 1J mile east of
Falkirk, Stirlingshire. Founded in 1756 ;
comprises a central square and intersect-
ing streets ; and has a post office under
Falkirk and a Free church. Pop. 1452.

LAURIESTON, village, 6 miles west-
north-west of Castle-Douglas, Kirkcud-
brightshire. It has a post office under
Castle-Douglas, and 2 public schools with
about 98 scholars.

LAURIESTON, railway station and man-

LAU

293

LEC

sion between St. Cyrus and Johnshaven,
Kincardineshire.

LAURIESTON, suburb westward of New
Royal Infirmary in south of Edinburgh.

LAURIESTON, seat near Davidson's
Mains, Edinburghshire.

LAURIESTON, Koxburghshire. See
Larriston.

LAW, town between Carluke and
Wishaw, Lanarkshire. It originated a
few years prior to 1880 ; it is maintained
chiefly by the working of mines, quarries,
and brickworks ; and it has a post office
under Carluke, a new important railway
junction station, an Established church of
1880, a Free church of 1879, and a public
school with about 180 scholars. Pop. 1461.

LAW, hill, with ruined old castellated
seat of Earls of Kilmarnock, in West Kil-
bride parish, Ayrshire.

LAW ALL, hill, 3 miles north-east of
Inverury, Aberdeenshire.

LAWERS, village on Loch Tay at south
skirt of Benlawers, Perthshire. It has an
inn, a Free church, and a public school.

LAWERS, seat in Monivaird parish,
Perthshire.

LAWHEAD, hill in Kirknewton parish,
Edinburghshire.

LAWHEAD, eminence, with fine view,
in Whitekirk parish, Haddingtonshire.

LAWHILL, conical eminences in Blan-
tyre parish, Lanarkshire ; in Craigie
parish, Ayrshire ; in Symington parish,
Ayrshire ; in Tarbolton parish, Ayrshire ;
in Deskford parish, Banffshire ; in Gask
parish, Perthshire ; in Maryton parish,
Forfarshire; in Tannadice parish, For-
farshire ; in Kirkurd parish, Peeblesshire ;
and in some other Scottish parishes.

LAWKNOW, eminences in East Kilbride
parish, Lanarkshire ; in Carnock parish,
Fife ; and in Errol parish, Perthshire.

LAWMUIR, seat in East Kilbride parish,
Lanarkshire.

LAWMUIR, place, with coal mine and
limestone, in New Kilpatrick parish,
Lanarkshire.

LAWRENCE, wooded hill in Inverarity
parish, Forfarshire.

LAWRENCE (ST.). See Laurence (St.)..

LAWS, modern mansion and conical hill,
with vestiges of vitrified fort and with ex-
tensive view, in Monifieth parish, Forfar-
shire.

LAWS, place, with three remarkable
tumuli, in Logiepert parish, Forfarshire.

LAWS, estate in "Whitsome parish, Ber-
wickshire.

LAWSTON, place, with very strong
mineral spring, in Castleton parish, Rox-
burghshire.

LAWTING, islet, once the seat of grand
Foud's court, in Tingwall Loch, Tingwall
parish, Shetland.

LAWTON, seat near Burrelton,Perthshire.

LAWTON, seat in Inverkeilor parish,
Forfarshire.

LAWYETT, village adjacent to Wallace-
town, Stirlingshire.

LAXAY, rivulet and small island in
Lochs parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

LAXDALE, suburb of Stornoway, and
rivulet running eastward to Broad
Bay a little north of that town, Outer
Hebrides.

LAXFIRTH, bay in Tingwall, Shetland.
LAXFORD, sea - loch and rivulet in
Edderachyllis parish, Sutherland. The
loch commences at 4 miles north-north-
east of Scourie, strikes 5 miles east-south-
eastward, and has a mean breadth of
about a mile. — The rivulet issues from
Loch Stack, runs about 3 miles west-north-
westward to the sea-loch's head, and is
crossed by a large strong bridge.

LEACHT, hill, containing iron-ore, in
Kirkmichael parish, Banffshire.

LEACHTON, rivulet, running to Loch
Fyne, between Inverary and Glassary
parishes, Argyleshire.

LEADBURN, hamlet, 17| miles by rail-
way south-by-west of Edinburgh. It lies
at an elevation of about 800 feet above sea-
level, adjoins a forking of railways towards
Peebles and Dolphinton, and has a post
office designated of Peeblesshire, a railway
station, and an inn.

LEADER, small river, running 17 miles
southward to the Tweed at 2 miles east
of Melrose.

LEADHILLS, town and quoad sacra
parish on southern verge of Lanarkshire.
The town stands miles south-south-
west of Abington ; is situated on ground
1301 feet above sea-level, near mountains
1102 feet higher ; derives its name and its
maintenance from the existence and work-
ing of rich adjacent lead veins ; and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Abington, an inn, a
church originally a chapel-of-ease, and a
public school with about 222 scholars.
Pop. of the town, 1036 ; of the quoad
sacra parish, 1072.

LEADLAW, hill adjacent to West Linton
village, Peeblesshire.

LEADLICH, mountain summit on bound-
ary of Coull parish, Aberdeenshire.

LEADLOCH, burn in east end of Cambus-
nethan parish, Lanarkshire.

LEAGACH, mountain in Gairloch parish,
Boss-shire.

LEAP, isolated pyramidal hill, 1544 feet
high, in Teviothead parish, Roxburgh-
shire.

LEAP, cataract on Ale rivulet, Rox-
burghshire.

LEARNEY, seat and hill in Kincardihe-
O'Neil parish, Aberdeenshire.

LEASE, seat and ruined old chapel in
Slains parish, Aberdeenshire.

LEASTON, hamlet in Humbie parish,
Haddingtonshire.

LEATHALT, rivulet, running to the sea
at 10£ miles north of Portree, Isle of Skye.

LEATHAN, lake, 5 miles north of Portree,
Isle of Skye.

LECKIE, seat and glen in Gargunnock
parish, Stirlingshire.

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294

LEI

LECROPT, parish, containing part of
Bridge of Allan, on mutual border of
Perthshire and Stirlingshire. Its length
is about 3 miles ; its breadth about 2§
miles ; its area 2276 acres in Perthshire
and 692 in Stirlingshire. Keal property
in 1880-81, £3222 and £3054. Pop. 202
and 400. The Allan, the Teith, and
the Forth trace most of the boundaries.
The southern section is rich carse ; the
northern section is a gentle ascent of
what, in vicinity of carse lands, is called
dryfield ; and a central beautiful bank
extends between the two sections. The
chief residence is Keir ; and the chief
antiquities are remains of a Caledonian
fort and the site of a Eoman post. The
church is a neat modern Gothic edifice ;
and the public school is partly new, and
has capacity for 107 scholars.

LEDAIG, place, 1\ miles from Bunawe,
in Lorn, Argyleshire. It has a post office,
with money order department, designated
of Argyleshire.

LEDARD, seat and very beautiful cas-
cade adjacent to west end of Loch Ard, on
south-west verge of Perthshire.

LEDNATHY, affluent of the Prosen, at
6 miles north - north - west of Kirriemuir,
Forfarshire.

LEDNOCK, rivulet, running about 1\
miles south-south-eastward to the Earn at
Comrie, in Perthshire.

LEE, seat of Sir Simon M. Lockhart,
Bart. , 2| miles north-west of Lanark.

LEE, lake and head-stream of the North
Esk in Lochlee parish, Forfarshire.

LEEDS (NEW), village, 4£ miles north of
Mintlaw, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Mintlaw, and a United Pres-
byterian church. Pop. 242.

LEELAW, place, with public school, in
Lesmahagow parish, Lanarkshire.

LEE-PEN, peaked mountain on left side
of the Tweed, 5 miles east-by-south of
Peebles.

LEES, seat of Sir John Marjoribanks,
Bart., in vicinity of Coldstream, Berwick-
shire.

LEET, rivulet, running about 12 miles
south -south -westward, southward, and
south-eastward to the Tweed at Cold-
stream, Berwickshire.

LEETOWN, village in Errol parish,
Perthshire.

LEETSIDE, farm, with outlines of
Roman camp, in Whitsome parish, Ber-
wickshire.

LEGBRANNOCK, village and colliery in
Bothwell parish, Lanarkshire.

LEGERWOOD, hamlet and parish on
west border of Berwickshire. The hamlet
lies 3 miles north-north-east of Earlston,
and has a church with 300 sittings, and
a public school with about 85 scholars.
The post town is Earlston. — The parish
measures f>\ miles by 4, and comprises
8789 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£8719. Pop. 549. The surface includes
a small aggregate of vale, but consists

chiefly of high pastoral hills. The chief
residence is Birkhillside, and the chief
antiquities are two old towers and traces
of two Caledonian camps.

LEGGAN, small wood-girt lake in Kippen
parish, Stirlingshire.

LEGSLAND, flag-stone quarry in Moni-
fieth parish, Forfarshire.

LEINZIE. See Lenzie.

LEITH, town and two parishes on Firth
of Forth contiguous to Edinburgh. The
town stands on low ground, skirted by
considerable breadth of foreshore, is cut
by Water of Leith into two sections, called
North Leith and South Leith, and has
outskirts and suburbs interlaced with those
of Edinburgh. It dates from ancient
times ; it figured long as simply the port
of Edinburgh ; it often shared in the events
of the city's military history ; it was the
landing-place of many princes and kings
on occasions of state policy or public de-
monstration ; it did not acquire definite
limits or a separate political status till
1838 ; and it now ranks as a head port, and
as a burgh uniting with Portobello and
Musselburgh in sending a member to Par-
liament. Its extent, as strictly a town,
is about f mile in length and \ mile in
greatest breadth; but as a burgh is 1\
miles in length and 7 furlongs in breadth.
It excels every Scottish town, excepting
Glasgow and Greenock, in commercial
enterprise ; it possesses abundant railway
communication both coast- wise and through
Edinburgh ; it connects with all parts of
the city, and with some suburbs, by street
tramway ; it publishes a daily commercial
list and two weekly newspapers ; and it
has a central post office and 6 branch
post offices under Edinburgh, 7 banking
offices, an extensive well-constructed har-
bour, a number of good civil public build-
ings, 5 Established churches, 7 Free
churches, 5 United Presbyterian churches,
2 Episcopalian churches, Congregational,
Evangelical Union, Baptist, Wesleyan,
Scandinavian, and Roman Catholic
churches, a High school, Bell's schools,
numerous public and private schools, an
hospital with an annual income of about
£2400, and a number of miscellaneous in-
stitutions.

The town is winged, on its east side,
by an extensive public green, called Leith
Links ; has, on other sides, some pleasant
environs ; and includes, in its exterior or
newer parts, some good streets ; but is
mostly an assemblage of narrow, irregular,
unpleasant thoroughfares. A scheme for
clearing out its dense central portion,
widening some of its streets, and forming
some new streets, was projected in 1877,
came to maturity in the early part of 1881,
and was to be effected by means of a loan
of £100,000, payable in thirty years. The
town hall was built in 1827, at a cost of
£3300. The custom-house was erected in
1812, at a cost of £12,000. The post office
I was erected in 1876. Trinity House dates

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295

LEM

from 1555, and was rebuilt in 1817. The
Exchange Buildings were erected at a cost
of £16,000, sold in 1876 for £25,000, and
improved at a further cost of about £3000.
Leith Fort was erected in 1779 ; underwent
enlargement and modification; is the
headquarters of the Royal Artillery in
Scotland ; and has quarters for about 400
men, stabling for 150 horses, and batteries
for defence of the harbour. The Martello
Tower, near the harbour's entrance, was
erected at a cost of £17,000. Seafield
Baths, at eastern extremity of the links,
were built at a cost of £8000. South Leith
parochial church is a restored edifice of
15th century, with modern tower. North
Leith parochial church was built in 1816,
at a cost of £12,000. South Leith Free
church is an edifice of 1881, in lieu of a
previous one on a different site. North
Leith Free church is a steepled edifice of
1858-59. St. John's Free church was built
in 1870-71, at a cost of about £7500. North
Leith United Presbyterian church was
extensively altered in 1878-79, at a cost
of about £4000. St. James' Episcopalian
church was erected in 1862-63, is an ornate
Gothic edifice, and has a fine steeple, with
chime of bells. The Roman Catholic
church is a cruciform high-roofed structure.
Eight public schools, with 3574 scholars on
their roll, were in operation in October 1876.

The harbour underwent vast improve-
ments at enormous cost, in a long series
of years up to 1876 ; it acquired new
works at a cost of about £400,000 in the
five subsequent years ; it had a grand in-
auguration of these works by the Duke of
Edinburgh in July 1881 ; and it includes 2
piers respectively 3123 and 3530 feet long,
5 extensive docks, great ranges of store-
houses, and facile connection between the
docks and the landward railways. Its
tonnage dues in 1880 amounted to £29,549,
its port dues to £38,530, its entire revenue
to £88,331. The vessels belonging to it at
end of 1879 were 76 sailing vessels of
36,714 tons, and 107 steam vessels of 56,855
tons. The vessels which entered in the
year ending 15th May 1880 were 1684
sailing vessels of 261,407 tons, and 2674
steam vessels of 678,793 tons ; and those
which left were 1690 sailing vessels of
263,927 tons, and 2677 steam vessels of
681,303 tons. Real property of the burgh
in 1880-81, £347,029. Pop. 59,485.

North Leith parish includes Bonnington,
Newhaven, and Trinity suburbs, and part
of "Wardie or Granton, and is all within
the burgh westward and north-westward
of "Water of Leith. Its area is 349 acres.
Pop., quoad civilia, 17,986; quoad sacra,
13,292. The coast has been much abraded
by the Firth, and is mostly defended by a
very strong artificial stone bulwark. The
interior makes a considerably rapid ascent
from vicinity of shore, and is thence very
nearly level ; and, with trivial aggregate
exceptions, it is all occupied by town,
suburbs, and villas.— South Leith parish

includes Restalrig, Jock's Lodge, small
part of Portobello, and a north-east wing
of Edinburgh ; has a nearly triangular
outline of 2|, 2\, and If miles along the
sides ; and comprises 1629 acres. Real
property in 1880-81 of landward part,
£15,356. Pop. of the whole, quoad civilia,
44,240 ; quoad sacra, 30,848. The coast is
all low, and has a fine beach suited to sea-
bathing ; and the interior is almost a plain
ascending very gently to Edinburgh, but
includes there Calton Hill. Much of the
surface is occupied by mansions, villas,
and new streets.

LEITH WALK, thoroughfare and railway
station between Edinburgh and Leith.
The thoroughfare extends about 1^ mile
in straight north-north-eastward line from
Greenside in Edinburgh to compact exterior
of Leith ; was formed in manner of defen-
sive earth-work across a trackless open
plain by General Leslie in 1650 ; was
changed into a broad level footpath after
the return of Charles II. ; became a car-
riage-way after the founding of New Town
of Edinburgh ; was intended for a time to
be all winged with crescents, terraces, and
parallel streets as part of Edinburgh New
Town ; continued, nevertheless, till about
1860, to be unwinged and little more than
half edificed ; and is now all a compara-
tively plain street with comparatively
plain new adjuncts. — The railway station
adjoins it on the North British new line
to Granton.

LEITH (WATER OF), small river rising
among the Pentland Hills, and running
about 20 miles north-eastward to Firth of
Forth at Leith. Its economized water-
power for driving of mills exceeds that of
any other stream of its volume in Scotland.

LEITH (WATER OF), old large village,
now a suburb of Edinburgh. It stands on
Water of Leith river immediately west of
Dean Bridge, and presents a striking con-
trast to elegant adjacent suburbs.

LEITHEN, rivulet running about 10
miles southward to the Tweed in vicinity
of Innerleithen, Peeblesshire.

LEITHFIELD seat in Fordoun parish,
Kincardineshire.

LEITHHEAD, head-stream of Water of
Leith in Mid-Calder parish, Edinburgh-
shire.

LEITH-LUMSDEN. See Lumsden.

LEITHOLM, village, 5^ miles east-by-
south of Greenlaw, Berwickshire. It has
a post office under Coldstream, and a
United Presbyterian church, and it had
anciently a Roman Catholic chapel. Pop.
284.

LEIVEN, lake in upper part of Kildonan
parish, Sutherland.

LEMNO, affluent of the South Esk at
6£ miles west-south-west of Brechin, For-
farshire.

LEMPITLAW, village and ancient parish
in Roxburghshire. The village stands 4
miles east-south-east of Kelso, and the
parish is now part of Sprouston.

LEN

296

LER

LENACH-GLUTHIN, cascade on Aray
rivulet, 3 miles north of Inverary, Ar-
gyleshire.

LENDAL, rivulet, running to Firth, of
Clyde, in Colmonell parish, Ayrshire.

LENDALFOOT, place, with public school,
in Colmonell parish, Ayrshire.

LENDRICK. See Lanrick.

LENDRUM, battlefield between Thane
of Buchan and Donald of the Isles in
Monquhitter parish, Aberdeenshire.

LENNEL, ancient parish, now called
Coldstream, in Berwickshire. It con-
tains Lennel mansion, New Lennel vil-
lage, and the site of ancient Lennel
village, destroyed by hostile incursion in
time of the Border wars.

LENNOCH, affluent of the Lossie in
Birnie parish, Elginshire.

LENNOX, ancient county, comprehend-
ing all the present Dumbartonshire, large
part of Stirlingshire, and parts of Perth-
shire and Renfrewshire. It gives the
Scottish title of duke to the English
Duke of Richmond.

LENNOX, ancient ruined strong tower
in Currie parish, Edinburghshire.

LENNOXBANK, seat in Bonhill parish,
Dumbartonshire.

LENNOX CASTLE, splendid modern
mansion in Campsie parish, Stirling-
shire.

LENNOX HILLS, hill-range, extending
23 miles north-eastward from vicinity of
Dumbarton to vicinity of Stirling. It is
bisected by upper part of Blane valley ;
it bears the name of Kilpatrick Hills
from its south-west end thither ; and it
bears the names of Killearn, Campsie,
Kilsyth, Fintry, Gargunnock, and Dundaff
Hills in its various parts thence to its north-

LENNOXLOVE, a seat of Lord Blan-
tyre, 1^ mile south of Haddington.

LENNOXTOWN, town near south skirt
of Campsie Hills, 9 miles by road, but
llf by railway, north-by-east of Glasgow.
It is a centre of extensive manufacture
and traffic, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Glasgow, 2 railway stations, a
banking office, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic churches,
a large public school, and a mechanics'
institution. Pop. 3249.

LENTRAM, hamlet and seat in Kirkhill
parish, Inverness-shire. The hamlet lies
5f miles west of Inverness, and has a post
office designated of Inverness-shire, and a
railway station.

LENTURK, quondam ancient castle in
Leochel parish, Aberdeenshire.

LENY, hamlet and low hill in Cramond
parish, Edinburghshire. The hamlet has
a public school with about 60 scholars.

LENY, seat and pass in Callander
parish, Perthshire. The pass is a
narrow defile, flanked by wooded preci-
pices, overhung by Benledi, and tra-
versed by eastern head-stream of the

Teith downward from Loch Lubnaig, and
is described by Sir Walter Scott in his
Legend of Montrose and his Lady of the
Lake.

LENZIE, town and quoad sacra parish
in Dumbartonshire and Lanarkshire, and
an ancient district wholly in Dumbarton-
shire. The town stands 6^ miles north-
east of Glasgow, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Glasgow, a railway junction station,
Established, United Presbyterian, and
Episcopalian churches, and the Glasgow
Convalescent Home, and is near the
Barony or Woodilee Lunatic Asylum.
Pop. of the town, 1316 ; of the quoad
sacra parish, 1140. The district was
originally a barony belonging to the
Earls of Wigton, but was afterwards
co-extensive with all the detached sec-
tion of Dumbartonshire, now forming
Kirkintilloch and Cumbernauld par-
ishes.

LEOCHEL, rivulet and parish in Alford
district, Aberdeenshire. The rivulet runs
about 10 miles deviously but mostly north-
ward to the Don, in vicinity of Alford
village. — The parish lies around the upper
and the middle reaches of the rivulet, and
its post town is Alford. Its length is
about 6 miles ; its breadth from 3 to 6
miles ; its area 12,856 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £8184. Pop. 1217. The
surface is much diversified, lies nowhere
lower than about 500 feet above sea-level,
and comprises four lofty hill-ridges with
intervening vales. Chief objects are
Craigievar Castle, Cushnie and Hallhead
relinquished mansions, Corse ruined castle,
and sites of Lenturk Castle and three
ancient chapels. The churches are Estab-
lished, Free, and United Presbyterian.
There are 4 schools for 386 scholars, and
3 of them and an enlargement for 326 are
new.

LEOGH, hamlet on Fair Isle, between
Orkney and Shetland.

LEONARD (ST.), parish, partly in St.
Andrews city and partly consisting of
rural tracts from 4 to 5 miles distant.
Acres, 1008. Real property of landward
part in 1880-81, £1428. Pop. 769.
The church is the ancient chapel of St.
Salvator in St. Andrews.

LEONARD (ST.), quoad sacra parish,
with Established and Free churches, in
Perth. Pop. 3642.

LEONARD (ST.), quoad sacra parish,
suburb, and hill on south-east verge
of Edinburgh. Pop. of the parish,
7875.

LEONARD (ST.), quoad sacra parish,
with church, in Lanark. Pop. 3253.

LEONARD (ST.), or WESTMILL, village
in Cockpen parish, Edinburghshire.

LERWICK, town and parish in Shetland.
The town stands contiguous to middle
part of Bressay Sound, on east coast of
Mainland, about 114 miles north-north-
east of Kirkwall; is the political capital

LES

297

LES

of Shetland and the focus of trade, the
head port, and the centre of fisheries for
all the Shetland Islands ; presents a well-
built but very irregular appearance ; ad-
joins a small fort erected by Cromwell,
and reconstructed in 1781 ; publishes a
weekly newspaper ; and has a head post
office with all departments, 2 banking
offices, 2 hotels, an excellent harbour,
county buildings projected in 1876, a
town hall projected in 1881, Estab-
lished, Free, United Presbyterian, Con-
gregational, Baptist, Methodist, and
Episcopalian churches, and a handsome
academy. The vessels belonging to the
port at end of 1879 were 88 sailing vessels
of 4237 tons, and 1 steam vessel of 116
tons. The arrivals in 1879 were 238
British vessels of 40,378 tons, and 16
foreign vessels of 2282 tons ; and the de-
partures were 223 British vessels of 39,503
tons, and 12 foreign vessels of 1388 tons.
Pop. of the town, 3857. — The parish is
about 6 miles long, but nowhere more
than 1 mile broad. Eeal property in
1880-81, £9340. Pop. 4772. The land
is rocky and tumulated, but rises to a
maximum height of about 300 feet above
sea-level. The only mansion is Gremista,
and the only noticeable antiquity is a
ruined Scandinavian tower. There are 5
schools for 702 scholars, and 2 of them for
205 are new.

LESLIE, town and parish in Fife. The
town stands on Le ven river, at terminus
of branch railway, 4£ miles west of Mark-
inch junction ; is old and irregularly built ;
and has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of Fife, a
railway station, a banking office, a parochial
church of 1820, a Free church of 1879, 2
United Presbyterian churches, a Baptist
chapel, and 2 large public schools. Pop.
3853. — The parish excludes a small part
of the town, measures about 4^ miles by
2|, and comprises 5028 acres. Eeal pro-
perty in 1880-81, £17,987. Pop. 4345.
The surface undulates from skirt of
Lomond Hills southward to Leven river,
and consists mostly of good land. Leslie
House, a large quadrangular pile with
charming grounds, is the seat of the
Countess of Kothes ; and Leslie Green is
believed by some writers to have been the
scene of King James' poem, 'Christ's
Kirk on the Green.' There are 3 schools
for 639 scholars, and parts of them for 132
are new.

LESLIE, parish nearly midway between
Inverury and Huntly, Aberdeenshire. It
has a post office under Insch. Its length
is about 3J miles ; its greatest breadth
about 2£ miles ; its area 4444 acres. Eeal
property in 1880-81, £3257. Pop. 523.
The surface includes part of the Gadie
rivulet's valley, and is bisected by
elevated ground, rising partly into hills.
Leslie House is a ruinous castellated
edifice of 17th century. The churches
are Established, Free, and Congrega-

tional ; and there are 2 schools with
capacity for 154 scholars.

LESMAHAGOW, town and parish in
upper ward of Lanarkshire. The town
stands on Nethan rivulet-, at terminus of
branch railway, 13 miles south-east of
Hamilton ; is sometimes called Abbey-
green, with reference to a monastery
founded at it in 1140 on site of a Culdee
cell ; figured much in the history of the
Covenanters ; and has a post office with
all departments designated of Lanark-
shire, a railway station, 2 banking
offices, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and 2 public
schools. Pop. 1386c — The parish con-
tains also the villages of Kirkfieldbank,
Kirkmuirhill, Crossford, Auchenheath,
Turfholm, Boghead, Hazelbank, and
New Trows. Its length is 11£ miles ; its
greatest breadth 7 \ miles ; its area 41,299
acres. Eeal property in 1880-81, £68,578.
Pop. 9949. The surface is much diversi-
fied, and abounds in picturesque scenery.
More than three - fourths of it have a
mean elevation of about 500 feet above
seadevel ; and the rest, situated in the
west and the south-west, consists of fine
pastoral uplands. The Clyde runs about
7| miles along the north-eastern boundary,
and achieves there all its celebrated falls.
Carboniferous rocks underlie a large
portion of the surface, and yield a great
output of pit coal, cannel coal, and lime-
stone. The mansions are numerous ; and
a grand antiquity is Craignethan Castle.
A chapel-of-ease is at Kirkfieldbank, a
Free church is at Crossford, and United
Presbyterian churches are at Crossford
and Kirkmuirhill. There are 11 schools
for 1931 scholars, and 5 of these and
enlargements for 1230 are new.

LESMORE, ruined ancient castle of the
Gordons in Ehynie parish, Aberdeenshire.

LESMURDIE, place, with distillery and
vestiges of ancient chapel, in Cabrach
parish, Banffshire.

LESSENDRUM, seat in Drumblade
parish, Aberdeenshire.

LES SUDDEN. See Boswells (St.).

LESWALT, hamlet and parish in north-
west of Wigtonshire. The hamlet lies 3^
miles north-west of Stranraer, and has a
post office under Stranraer, Established
and Free churches, and a public school. —
The parish contains also part of Stranraer,
measures about 6 miles by 5J, and com-
prises 12,253 acres. Eeal property of
landward part in 1880-81, £9188. Pop.
of the whole, quoad civilia, 2635 ; quoad
sacra, 2673. The surface is the southern
part of the peninsula between Loch Eyan
and North Channel ; consists mostly of
broken hillocky ground ; is partly flat ad-
jacent to Loch Eyan ; presents a bold,
broken, rocky, cavernous coast to the
Channel ; and includes many fine meadows
and pasture-lands. Lochnaw Castle, the
seat of Sir Andrew Agnew, is the chief
residence. Established and Free churches

LET

298

LEY

are in Sheuchan. Two schools for 256
scholars are in the landward part, and 1
of them for 200 is new.

LETHAM, village, 5 miles east-south-
east of Forfar. It is modern, was founded
on a regular plan, and has a post office
under Forfar, Free and Congregational
churches, and 2 public schools with about
240 scholars. Pop. 866.

LETHAM, village, 5 miles east-north-
east of Auchtermuchty, Fife. It has a
post office under Ladybank.

LETHAM, a seat of Sir Thomas B.
Hepburn, Bart., lij mile west-south- west
of Haddington.

LETHAM, hill in Inverkeithing parish,
Fife.

LETHAM-GRANGE, seat in St. Vigeans
parish, Forfarshire.

LETHAN, colliery in Dunfermline
parish, Fife.

LETHEN, seat, and hill 648 feet high, in
Auldearn parish, Nairnshire.

LETHEN, rivulet, running about 12 miles
north-eastward to head of Findhorn Loch,
in north-west corner of Elginshire.

LETHENBAR, hill, with entire ancient
Caledonian stone circle, in Ardclach
parish, Nairnshire.

LETHENDY, parish, averagely 3J miles
south-west of Blairgowrie, Perthshire.
Its post town is Blairgowrie. Its length
is 5 miles ; its greatest breadth 1^ mile ;
its area, together with that of Kinloch, to
which it is united, 7060 acres. Keal pro-
perty of Lethendy alone in 1880-81,
£2952. Pop. of Lethendy and Kinloch,
404. The west end of Lethendy, for
about \ mile, is a rapid ascent, and the
rest is all a gentle descent. Lethendy
Tower is a very old structure. The
churches in the united parish are 1
Established, 1 Free, and 1 United
Presbyterian ; and there are 2 public
schools for respectively Lethendy and
Kinloch.

LETHENTY, railway station and estate
between Inverury and Old Meldrum, Aber-
deenshire.

LETHNOT, parish, with church 6 miles
north-north-west of Brechin, Forfarshire.
It has a post office under Brechin. Its
length is W\ miles ; its greatest breadth
4g miles ; its area 26,590 acres. Beal
property in 1880-81, £4459. Pop. 288.
The surface is the basin of the upper part
of West water, lies wholly among Benchin-
nan Mountains, and includes only a small
extent of cultivated and inhabited land.
There are 2 schools with capacity for 91
scholars.

LETTERCHOIL, southern section of
Kintail parish, Ross-shire.

LETTEREWE, estate on north side of
Loch Maree, Ross-shire.

LETTERFEARN, western section of Glen-
shiel parish, Ross-shire.

LETTERFINLAY, estate on south-east
side of Loch Lochy, Great Glen, Inver-
ness-shire.

LETTERFOURIE, seat of Sir Robert G.
Gordon, Bart., near Buckie, Banffshire.

LETTIR, lake in Port-of-Monteith parish,
Perthshire.

LEUCHARS, village and parish on north-
east border of Fife. The village stands 7
miles north-east of Cupar, and has a post
office with all departments designated of
Fife, a railway station, an ancient Norman
parochial church, a Free church, and pub-
lic and industrial schools with about 213
scholars. Pop. 588. — The parish contains
also Balmullo village ; is partly bounded
by German Ocean and estuary of the Eden ;
measures 7 miles by 3| ; and comprises
13,354 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£22,241. Pop. 2185. ^ The coast is flat
and sandy, and the interior is mostly a
plain with elevation of not more than 15
feet above sea-level, but rises gradually in
the west to the summit of a hill-range
about 250 feet high. There are four modern
seats and three old castellated mansions.
Pitlethie, one of the modern seats, is
supposed to occupy the site of an ancient
royal hunting-seat ; and Earlshall, one of
the old mansions, possesses much anti-
quarian interest. Leuchars Castle made
some figure in history, but has disappeared.
A public school is in Balmullo.

LEUCHARS, seat in Urquhart parish,
Elginshire.

LEUCHER, rivulet, running about 13
miles south-eastward to the Dee at 1\
miles west-south-west of Aberdeen.

LEUCHIE, seat of Sir Hew H. Dalrymple,
Bart., in North Berwick parish, Hadding-
tonshire.

LEUCOPHIBIA. See Whithokn.

LEURARY, quondam lake, all a marl-bed,
in Halkirk parish, Caithness.

LEURBOST, village in Lochs parish,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 654.

LEVEN, lake in Kinross-shire. It has
a roundish oblong outline ; measures 8J
miles in circuit, and 3406 acres in area ;
lies at mean elevation of 353 feet above
sea-level ; is screened partly by plain and
slope, and partly by bold lofty hill ; con-
tains the famous island in which Queen
Mary was imprisoned, and two other
islands ; and, subsequent to 1826, was
subjected to artificial works, making it a
storage of 600,000,000 cubic feet of water
for the driving of mills beyond its out-
let.

LEVEN, river, issuing from south-east
corner of Loch Leven and Kinross-shire,
and running 12 miles eastward to Firth of
Forth at Leven town, in Fife.

LEVEN, sea-loch, deflecting from head of
Loch Linnhe, and extending 12 miles in
straight line eastward between Argyleshire
and Inverness-shire. It is mostly less than
a mile wide, and it has grandly picturesque
screens.

LEVEN, rivulet, running 13 miles west-
ward to head of Loch Leven, between
Argyleshire and Inverness-shire. It forms,
in its progress, a chain of lakelets ; and it

LEY

299

LIB

traverses, from head to foot, a strikingly
romantic Highland glen.

LEVEN, river issuing from Loch Lomond,
and running southward to the Clyde at
Dumbarton Castle. It measures little
more than 5 miles in straight line, but
measures about 10 miles along its bed ;
and it traverses a rich vale, once possessing
character depicted in Smollett's 'Ode to
Leven Water,' but now thickly studded
with mansions, print-fields, and masses of
human dwellings. The Yale of Leven
Institute, adjacent to the river at Alex-
andria; was founded with great ceremony
in June 1882, and estimated to cost about
£5000.

LEVEN, seaport town at mouth of Leven
river, 9 miles by road, but 10| by railway,
north-east of Kirkcaldy, Fife. It connects
by bridge with Inverleven village ; it
gives the title of earl to the family of
Melville ; it has a head post office with all
departments, a railway station, 3 banking
offices, 2 hotels, Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian churches, an Episco-
palian chapel of 1881, and 2 public schools
with about 511 scholars ; and in 1880 it
acquired a new wet dock, with fully 16
feet of water on the sill. Pop. 3040.

LEVEN, modern mansion and ruined old
baronial fortalice, 2 miles south-west of
Gourock, Renfrewshire.

LEVENBANK, print-works in Bonhill
parish, Dumbartonshire.

LEVENFIELD, seat and bleachfield in
Bonhill parish, Dumbartonshire.

LEVEN GROVE, seat in southern vicinity
of Dumbarton.

LEVENSTRATH, seat in Southend
parish, Kintyre, Argyleshire.

LEVERA, island in North Uist parish,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 11.

LEVERN, rivulet and quoad sacra parish
in Renfrewshire. The rivulet issues from
lakes near boundary with Ayrshire ; tra-
verses the manufacturing vicinity of Neil-
ston and Barrhead ; is at first limpid, but
afterwards exceedingly foul; has a total
run of about 10 miles measured in straight
line, but nearly double that distance
measured along its bed ; and enters the
White Cart at 2§ miles east of Paisley. —
The parish lies on the rivulet contiguous
to Barrhead ; comprises parts of Abbey-
Paisley and Eastwood; and has a public
school with about 128 scholars. Pop. 2847.

LEVERNBANK, village adjacent to
Crofthead, Renfrewshire.

LEWES, hamlet in Fyvie parish, Aber-
deenshire.

LEWIS, northern part of Outer Hebrides.
It consists of Harris and adjacent islets in
the south belonging to Inverness-shire,
and Lewis-proper and adjacent islets in
the north belonging to Ross-shire ; and,
exclusive of the islets, is the largest island
of Great Britain. Lewis-proper is divided
from Harris by Lochs Seaforth and Reasort
and an intervening isthmus ; extends 42?,
miles north-westward to the Butt ; is

widest near its south-west end, and con-
tracts somewhat gradually thence north-
eastward ; measures 27 miles in extreme
breadth ; and comprises an area of 417,460
acres. About one-fourth of it is bleak high
upland, and much of the rest consists of
moors, mosses, swamps, and lakes. All
was purchased in 1844 by the late Sir
J. Matheson, Bart., for £190,000; and a
considerable aggregate was afterwards
reclaimed and embellished at very great
expense. Lewis Castle, the seat of the
proprietor, is a handsome Tudor edifice in
vicinity of Stornoway. Pop. of Lewis-
proper, 22,447.

LEWISTON (EAST and WEST), two vil-
lages in Urquhart parish, Inverness-shire.

LEY, hamlet in Kettins parish, Forfar-
shire.

LEY, place, with ruined chapel, in Towie
parish, Aberdeenshire.

LEYS, estate and lake in Banchory-
Ternan parish, Kincardineshire.

LEYS, castellated modern mansion, with
extensive view, in Croy parish, Inverness-
shire.

LEYSMILL, railway station and village,
5^ miles north-north-west of Arbroath,
Forfarshire.

LHANBRYDE. See Andrews - Lhan-

BRYDE (ST.).

LIBBERTON, hamlet and parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. The hamlet lies 2£
miles south-east of Carnwath, and has a
church with 450 sittings, and a public
school with about 64 scholars. — The parish
contains also Quothquan hamlet, and its post
town is Carnwath. Its length is 6 miles ;
its greatest breadth 5 miles ; its area 8231
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £8550.
Pop. 625. The surface is a peninsula
between the Clyde and the South Med-
win, includes much alluvial land adjacent
to the Clyde, and rises thence to summit
of hill-ridge on south-eastern boundary.
The seats are Shieldhill and Huntfield ;
and an interesting antiquity is a double-
walled Caledonian camp with extensive
view. A public school is in Quothquan.

LIBERTON, village and parish in Edin-
burghshire. The village stands 2f miles
south-south-east of the centre of Edin-
burgh, and has a post office with all
departments under Edinburgh, a large
conspicuous parochial church of 1815, and
a large public school. — The parish contains
also a pendicle of Edinburgh, all Gilmer-
ton, Greenend, and Niddry villages, about
17 hamlets, and parts of Echobank and
New Craighall. Its length is 6 miles ; its
greatest breadth 4 miles ; its area 6617
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £53,968.
Pop., quoad civilia, 6026; quoad sacra,
4401. The surface jjresents a rich diver-
sity of plain, undulation, rising-ground,
and low hill ; and, both in its own features
and in the views which it commands, is the
most beautiful in the Lothians, and may
compare with the finest in Great Britain.
The rocks are extensively carboniferous,

LIB

300

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and are largely mined or quarried. The
mansions and villas are numerous ; and
the antiquities include the imposing ruin
of Craigmillar Castle, and the curious
cavern of Gilmerton. A Free church is
near Liberton village, and a quoad sacra
parochial church is at Gilmerton. There
are 7 schools for 625 scholars, and 1 of
them for 150 is new.

LIBERTY, village in Kilconquhar parish,
Fife.

LIBO, beautiful small lake, 3 miles
south-west of Neilston, Renfrewshire.

LICKLYHEAD, decayed mansion in
Premnay parish, Aberdeenshire.

LICKPRIVICK, quondam castellated
mansion, 1£ mile south of East Kilbride,
Lanarkshire.

LIDDEL, river, running 12J miles in
Roxburghshire, and 1\ on boundary be-
tween Scotland and England, all south-
south-westward to the Esk at 7 miles
south of Langholm.

LIDDELBANK, estate on Scottish side of
the Liddel, \\ miles south-south-west of
Newcastleton.

LIDDESDALE, district identical with
Newcastleton parish, Roxburghshire. It
consists of the Liddel's basin down to the
point of that river's leaving Roxburgh-
shire ; and it is the country of ' Dandy
Dinmont ' in Sir Walter Scott's Guy
Mannering.

LIETCHFIELD, small lake in Ardersier
parish, Inverness-shire.

LIEURARY, hamlet in Halkirk parish,
Caithness. It has a public school with
about 72 scholars.

LIFF, village and parish in south-west
extremity of Forfarshire, but the parish
including 4 acres in Perthshire. The
village stands 4£ miles west-north-west of
Dundee, and has a railway station, Estab-
lished and Free churches, and a public
school with about 88 scholars. — The parish
contains also much of Dundee burgh, all
Lochee town, Muirhead, Birkhill, Benvie,
Invergowrie, Dargie, and Backmuir vil-
lages, and part of Mylnefield-Feus. Its
length is 6 miles ; its greatest breadth 4
miles ; its area, exclusive of the Perthshire
pendicle, 7070 acres. Real property of
landward part in 1880-81, £15,336. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 42,647 ; quoad sacra, 12,772.
The surface rises gently from Firth of Tay
for nearly 3 miles, till it has an elevation
of about 400 feet above sea-level, and then
declines northward to Dighty rivulet.
Chief seats are Grey, Campeidown, and
Balruddery ; and chief antiquities are a
Caledonian stone circle, King's Cross of
Pitalpie, and sites of a Roman camp and
an early royal castle. Numerous churches
and schools are in Lochee and the Liff
section of Dundee, and 2 schools for 230
scholars are in rural parts.

LIGHTBURN, village in east end of Cam-
buslang parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 464.

LIGHTWATER, burn entering the Car-
ron near Camelon, Stirlingshire.

LILLIARD'S-EDGE, battlefield of 1545,
5 miles north-by-west of Jedburgh, Rox-
burghshire.

LILLIESLEAF, village and parish in
north-west of Roxburghshire. The village
stands 8 miles south of Melrose ; had 14
peel towers in the times of the Border feuds;
and has now a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, designated
of Selkirkshire, Established and United
Presbyterian churches, and 2 public schools
with capacity for 169 scholars. Pop.
289. — The parish measures 5 miles by
2f, and comprises 6673 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £8841. Pop. 718. The
surface consists mostly of ridgy emi-
nences with fertile slopes, and includes
a moor where numerous meetings of the
Covenanters were held. The seats are
Riddell and Cotefield.

LILLYBURN, print-field in Campsie
parish, Stirlingshire.

LILY, lake in Shotts parish, Lanarkshire.

LIMECRAIGS, seat in Campbelton
parish, Argyleshire.

LIMEFIELD, seat in "West Calder parish,
Edinburghshire.

LIMEKILNEDGE, limeworks in Hobkirk
parish, Roxburghshire.

LIMEKILNS, seaport village on the
Forth, 3£ miles west of Inverkeithing,
Fife. It has a post office under Dunferm-
line, a good harbour, a United Presbyterian
church with 1056 sittings, and a public
school with about 160 scholars. Pop. 677.

LIMEKILNS, seat in East Kilbride parish,
Lanarkshire.

LIMERIGG, village in Slamannan parish,
Stirlingshire. Pop. 811.

LINA (ALTARS OF), two reefs off
north-east coast of North Ronaldshay,
Orkney.

LINBURN, seat in Kirknewton parish,
Edinburghshire.

LINCLET, bay on east side of North
Ronaldshay, Orkney.

LINCLUDEN, seat and ruined ancient
collegiate church on the Nith, 1J mile
north of Dumfries. Burns frequented Lin-
cluden, and depicts it in two of his poems.

LINDALEE. See Lintalee.

LINDEAN, ancient parish on north-west
border of Roxburghshire. It lies on the
Etfcrick and the Tweed mid-way between
Selkirk and Galashiels ; it is now united
to Galashiels ; and it has a railway station
and a public school.

LINDERTIS, seat of Sir Thomas Munro,
Bart., 3 miles west-south- west of Kirrie-
muir, Forfarshire.

LINDORES, village, lake, mansion, and
fragments of ancient abbey in Abdie parish,
Fife. The village stands 2 miles south-east
of Newburgh ; contains vestiges of a castle
thought to have belonged to Macduff ;
gave the peerage title of baron from 1600
till 1775 to the family of Leslie ; and has
a post office under Newburgh.

LINDSAY, ruined strong old tower in
Crawford parish, Lanarkshire.

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301

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LINDSTON, lake in Dalrymple parish,
Ayrshire.

LINE, lake in Kilninver parish, Argyle-
shire.

LINGA, island in Tingwall parish,
Shetland. Pop. 10.

LINGA, island in Walls parish, Shetland.
Pop. 13.

LINGA, islet and sound in Stronsay
parish, Orkney.

LINGA, one of the Treshinish Isles, near
north-west of Mull, Argyleshire.

LINGAFIOLD, hill in Sandwick parish,
Orkney.

LINGAY, islet in Barra parish, Outer
Hebrides.

LINGLASS, sand-covered ruins of two
old castles in "Wick parish, Caithness.

LINGORE, burn at east end of Cambus-
nethan parish, Lanarkshire.

LINHOPE, lofty hill in Teviothead parish,
Roxburghshire.

LINHOUSE, rivulet, running about 10
miles northward to the Almond in vicinity
of Mid-Calder, Edinburghshire.

LINKS, low, flat, grassy, unenclosed
tracts adjacent to Dunbar, Musselburgh,
Leith, Burntisland, St. Andrews, and
other places on east coast of Scot-
land.

LINKSHOUSE, place, with post office
under Lerwick, Shetland.

LINKSNESS, headland in north of
Stronsay Island, Orkney.

LINKS OF ARDUTHIE, southern section
of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire.

LINKS OF FORTH, serpentine wind-
ings of river Forth among alluvial lands
from vicinity of Stirling to vicinity of
Alloa.

LINKS OF OLD TAIN, section of Olrig
parish, Caithness.

LINKTOWN, section of Kirkcaldy town
within Abbotshall parish, Fife.

LINKWOOD, place, with extensive dis-
tillery, in St. Andrews-Lhanbryde parish,
Elginshire.

LINLATHEN, seat in Monifieth parish,
Forfarshire.

LINLITHGOW, town and parish in Lin-
lithgowshire. The town stands 16 miles
by road, but 17| by railway, west of Edin-
burgh ; is situated in a gentle hollow,
containing a fine small lake, and screened
by pleasant low braes ; figures on record
in connection with successively a Roman
fort, an early Scottish castle, and a splendid
royal palace ; was the place where Hamil-
ton of Bothwellhaugh shot the Regent
Moray ; gave the title of earl from 1600
till 1716 to the family of Livingstone ;
ranks now as a seat of provincial trade,
an ancient royal burgh, and the capital
of Linlithgowshire ; unites with Falkirk,
Lanark, Hamilton, and Airdrie in sending
a member to Parliament ; consists of a
street about g mile long, and some minor
thoroughfares ; presents an appearance
partly ancient but chiefly modern; pos-
sesses so many fountains, two of them

curious and ornate, as to figure in an old
rhyme, ' Linlithgow for wells, Glasgow
for bells ; ' and has a head post office with
money order and telegraph departments, a
railway station, 2 banking offices, 3 hotels,
a neat town hall, plain county buildings,
the shell of its ancient royal palace, an
interesting ancient parochial church, a
Free church, 2 United Presbyterian
churches, Congregational and Roman
Catholic churches, and 5 schools with
capacity for 681 scholars. The royal
palace stands on a gentle rising-ground,
peninsulated by the lake ; arose in suc-
cessive portions from the time of James
IV. to that of James VI. ; was a frequent
residence of the kings, and the birth-
place of Queen Mary ; forms a hollow
quadrangle, chiefly five storeys high, with
towers at the angles ; and presents a plain
massive exterior, but possesses rich features
of architecture and sculpture in the in-
terior. The parochial church was founded
by David I., measures 182 feet by 100, has
a western tower once surmounted by an
architectural crown, includes the scene of
the vision to James IV. described in Sir
Walter Scott's Marmion, and underwent
extensive restoration in 1813 and 1877.
Real property of the burgh in 1880-81,
£11,480. Pop. 3913.— The parish con-
tains also part of Linlithgow - Bridge
village, measures 6 miles by 4J, and
comprises 11,450 acres. Real property of
landward part in 1880-81, £23,266. Pop.
5619. The western boundary is all traced
by Avon river. The land has very un-
equal surface, is level toward the east and
the north-east, rises into hills toward the
south, and includes there a diversity of
slopes and two summits about 500 feet
high. Limestone and sandstone are
worked. Chief seats are Woodcockdale
and Champfleurie ; and chief antiquities,
besides those in the town, are the line
of a Roman road and vestiges of a military
station. An old school for 60 scholars,
and a new one for 314, are in the landward
parts.

LINLITHGOW-BRIDGE, village on Avon
river, about a mile west of Linlithgow.
It has a post office under Linlithgow, and
a bridge of 1650 ; and it gives name to
a battle fought adjacent to it in 1526.
Pop. 479.

LINLITHGOWSHIRE, or WEST LO-
THIAN, county on south side of Firth
of Forth, between Stirlingshire and Edin-
burghshire. Its length is 20 miles ; its
breadth 15 miles ; its area 127 square
miles. The surface includes some flat
grounds both on the coast and in the
interior, and has aggregately a cham-
paign character, yet exhibits great diver-
sity ; consists mostly of low heights and
gentle hollows, rises in some parts into
considerable hills, and displays a rich
aggregate of picturesque landscape. The
chief streams are the Almond on the
south-eastern and eastern boundary, the

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302

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Avon on the western boundary, and the
Broxburn running to the Almond. Coal,
paraffin-mineral, ironstone, limestone, and
excellent sandstone are extensively worked.
The soils range from bad to the best, but
are aggregately rich, and have been skil-
fully treated. Several manufactures have
considerable prominence, and commerce
has a head port in Borrowstownness. The
towns with each more than 4000 in-
habitants are Bathgate and Borrowstown-
ness; with each more than 3000 are
Linlithgow and Crofthead ; with each
more than 1000 are Armadale, Queens-
ferry, Broxburn, and "Whitburn ; and the
villages with each more than 300 are
Blackburn, Newtown, Kirkliston, Ben-
har, Durhamtown, Kinneil, Longridge,
Torphichen, and Uphall. The territory
now forming Linlithgowshire belonged to
the Caledonian Gadeni, figured promin-
ently under the Romans in their con-
structing of Antoninus' Wall, and long
had great consequence in connection with
Linlithgow Palace and Blackness Castle ;
and it possesses numerous monuments of
respectively the Caledonian, the Roman,
and the mediaeval times. The county
sends one member to Parliament ; and its
burghs, Linlithgow and Queensferry, have
a share in parliamentary representation.
Real property in 1880-81, £345,024. Pop.
in 1871, 40,965 ; in 1881, 43,198.

LINN, seat near Dairy, Ayrshire.

LINN, estate in Cathcart parish, Ren-
frewshire.

LINN, each of numerous waterfalls in
Scotland. The name properly signifies
a deep pool, but is usually applied to a
cascade falling into a pool.

LINNDEAN, cascade on mutual bound-
ary of Humbie and Soutra parishes,
Haddingtonshire,

LINNHE, sea-loch, or rather projection
of Firth of Lorn north-eastward to con-
vergence of Loch Eil and Loch Leven, in
north of Argyleshire. It is 22 miles long,
and averagely about 5 miles wide ; it
separates Appin on the one side from
Morvern and Ardgour on the other;
and it contains Lismore, Shuna, and
some smaller islands.

LINNHE, mountain streamlet, entering
head of Loch Long on boundary between
Argyleshire and Dumbartonshire.

LINNHOUSE. See Linhouse.

LINNMILL, burn, running to Firth
of Forth about a mile west of Queens-
ferry, Linlithgowshire. It makes a cascade
of 75 feet in leap.

LINN OF CAMPSIE. See Campsie,
Perthshire.
_ LINN OF DEE, impetuous rush of Dee
river through very narrow gorge, 7 miles
west-south-west of Castleton-Braemar,
Aberdeenshire.

LINN OF DESKFORD, beautiful fall of
nearly 30 feet on rivulet in Deskford
parish, Banffshire.

LINN OF MUCKER SEY, fine faU of about

30 feet on May rivulet, in Forteviot parish,
Perthshire.

LINN OF MUICK, fine fall of 36 feet on
Muick rivulet, 7 miles south-south-west of
Ballater, Aberdeenshire.

LINN OF RUTHRIE, fine fall on burn
near Aberlour village, Banffshire.

LINN OF SHIN, high salmon-leap on
Shin river, in Lairg parish, Sutherland.

LINT, seat on the Clyde between Govan
and Renfrew.

LINTALEE, seat in Jedburgh parish,
Roxburghshire.

LINTHILL, seat in Bowden parish, Rox-
burgh shire.

LINTHILL, seat in Eyemouth parish,
Berwickshire.

LINTLAW, hamlet in Bunkle parish,
Berwickshire. It has a public school with
about 75 scholars.

LINTON, parish, with church 6 miles
south-south-east of Kelso, Roxburghshire,
Its post town is Kelso. Its length is 6^
miles ; its greatest breadth 2£ miles ; its
area 6393 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£8530. Pop. 543. The surface includes
part of Kale valley ; extends north-north-
eastward thence, in variety of form and
elevation, to boundary with England ; and
contains a number of hillocks and three
considerable hills. The chief residence is
Clifton Park; and the chief antiquities
are tumuli, remains of camps, traces of
two Border fortalices, and sites of two
ancient villages, Linton and Hoselaw.
The public school has accommodation for
50 scholars.

LINTON, parish, containing "West Linton
and Carlops villages, in north-west of
Peeblesshire. Its length is 10J miles ; its
greatest breadth 1\ miles ; its area 23,256
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £13,198.
Pop. 1117. The surface lies on a base
about 600 feet above sea level, includes
only about 4000 acres of arable land, and
is elsewhere chiefly moorish, hilly, and
mountainous. Coal and limestone are
worked. Established and United Presby-
terian churches are at West Linton, and a
Free church is at Carlops. Four schools
for 284 scholars -are in the parish, and
share of another for 30 stands beyond its
bounds.

LINTON (EAST), town on the Tyne, 5f
miles west of Dunbar, Haddingtonshire.
It takes name from an adjacent linn on
the river, is a seat of considerable country
trade, and has Prestonkirk post office, a
railway station, a banking office, a hand-
some Free church enlarged in 1880, a
United Presbyterian church, and 3 public
schools. Pop. 1012.

LINTON (WEST), village near Broomlee
railway station, at 24 miles south-south-
west of Edinburgh. It has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Peeblesshire, Estab-
lished and United Presbyterian churches,
and a public school with about 40 scholars.
Pop. 434.

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LOA

LINTRATHEN, parish, with church 6|
miles west of Kirriemuir, Forfarshire.
It has a post office under Kirriemuir. Its
length is 10 miles ; its greatest breadth 4^
miles ; its area 22,624 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £11,673. Pop., quoad
civilia, 641 ; quoad sacra, 587. The surface
consists of a lower section of the Benchin-
nan Mountains down to a reach of Isla river,
and includes about 3000 acres of arable
land, but is mainly upland. Lintrathen
Lake, near the church, measures about 2^
miles in circuit, and consists of remarkably
pure water. There are 4 public schools
with about 186 scholars.

LINTROSE, seat and cavern in Kettins
parish, Forfarshire.

LINVILLE, section of Kirkfieldbank
village, Lanarkshire.

LINWOOD, manufacturing town on the
Black Cart, 3^ miles north-by-west of
Paisley, Kenfrewshire. It is modern and
regularly planned, and it has a post office
under Paisley, a quoad sacra parochial
church, and a large public school. Pop.
of town, 1393 ; of quoad sacra parish, 2505.

LION'S FACE, curious, lofty, acclivitous
rock near Clunie mansion, in Crathie
parish, Aberdeenshire.

LIPRICK, burn in Eccles parish, Ber-
wickshire.

LISMORE, island and parish in north of
Argyleshire. The island extends along
Loch Linnhe from a point 6 miles north-
west of Oban ; measures miles in length,
and about 1^ mile in mean breadth ; con-
sists chiefly of limestone, with rugged but
fertile surface ; has a post office designated
of Argyleshire, and a lighthouse with fixed
light visible at the distance of 16 nautical
miles ; and contains Portramsay and
Clachan villages, Established and United
Presbyterian churches, remains of a
cathedral including its present Established
church, the shell of a bishop's castle, the
site of a Roman Catholic college, and
vestiges of several camps. Pop. 628. —
The parish comprises the districts of
Lismore, Appin, and Kingairloch ; includes
Musdale, Sheep, and Shuna islands ; has
Firth of Lorn, Loch Creran, and Loch
Leven on its boundaries ; and contains
Ballachulish town, and Appin, Tayfuirst,
Duror, Baligarve, and Baligrundle villages
or hamlets. Its length is about 48 miles ;
its mean breadth about 10 miles. Real
property in 1880-81, £19,244. Pop., quoad
civilia, 3433 ; quoad sacra, 2174. The
coast has an aggregate extent of not less
than 90 miles ; and the interior consists
chiefly of hill pasture, moss, moor, and
barren mountain, but comprises about
4000 acres of arable land, and about 4000
acres of wood. Established churches are
in Appin, Glencreran, Duror, Glencoe,
and Kingairloch ; Free churches are at
Ballachulish and Appin ; Episcopalian
churches are in Ballachulish, Duror, and
Glencreran ; and a Roman Catholic church
is in Glencoe. Eight schools for 641

scholars are in the parish, and 5 of them
for 460 are new.

LISTONSHIELS, detached section of
Kirkliston parish, 4£ miles south-south-
east of nearest part of the parish's main
body, and lying among the Pentlands,
Edinburghshire.

LITTLE BRECHIN, etc. See Brechin
(Little), etc.

LITTLEDEAN, ruined ancient baronial
tower on the Tweed in Maxton parish,
Roxburghshire.

LITTLEMILL, village on the Clyde in
Old Kilpatrick parish, Dumbartonshire.

LITTLE RAITH, collier village in Auch-
tertool parish, Fife. Pop. 329.

LITTLE ROE, small island in Delting
parish, Shetland.

LITTLE ROSS, small island at mouth of
Dee estuary, Kirkcudbrightshire. It com-
mands an extensive view, and has a light-
house with flashing light visible at the
distance of 18 nautical miles.

LITTLEWOOD, seat in Tullynessle parish,
Aberdeenshire.

LIVE-AND-LET-LIVE, columnar testi-
monial, 805 feet high, on Downie hill, 2£
miles north-west of Barry, Forfarshire,
erected in 1839 in honour of Lord Panmure.

LIVER, stream, running about 6 miles
westward to Loch Etive, in Ardchattan
parish, Argyleshire.

LIVET, rivulet, running about 11 miles
north-westward to the Aven at 8 miles
north of Tomintoul, Banffshire.

LIVINGSTONE, village and parish on
south border of Linlithgowshire. The.
village stands on Almond river, 4J miles
east-south-east of Bathgate ; is an ancient
place, adjacent to site of strong baronial
fortalice ; and has a post office under
Mid-Calder, a railway station, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 110 scholars. — The parish con-
tains also most of Blackburn village, mea-
sures 6£ miles by 2f, and comprises 5362
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £15,911.
Pop. 1484. The surface is diversified, but
includes only one considerable hill. Coal
and limestone are plentiful. An ancient
royal hunting-seat stood at Newyearfield.
There are 2 schools for 323 scholars, and
1 of them for 208 is new.

LIVINGSTONE, estate in Kilsyth parish,
Stirlingshire.

LOANHEAD, town, 5 miles by road, but
Wj by railway, south-by-east of Edinburgh.
It has charming environs ; is inhabited
chiefly by operatives, but attracts Edin-
burgh families for summer residence ; and
has a post office, with all departments,
designated of Midlothian, a railway station,
a banking office, a Free church, and a
public school with about 270 scholars.
Pop. 2493.

LOANHEAD, place, with large public
school, in Montrose parish, Forfarshire.

LOANHEAD, place, with large public
school, in Banchory-Ternan parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

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304

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LOANHEAD, bleachfield in Lochwinnoch
jjarish, Renfrewshire.

LOANHEAD, hill in Wandell parish,

LOANHEAD -BY-DENNY. See Denny-

LOANHEAD.

LOANINGDALE, seat in Biggar parish,
Lanarkshire.

LOANS, village, 1\ miles east-north-east
of Troon, Ayrshire.

LOCHABER, district of Inverness-shire.
It is mostly bounded by Loch Lochy, the
river Lochy, Loch Eil, Loch Linnhe, Loch
Leven, the river Leven, and a long moun-
tain watershed right and left of foot of
Loch Laggan. Its length is 33 miles, its
greatest breadth 21 miles. The surface is
an assemblage of deep glens, broad moors,
and lofty mountains, culminates on the
summit of Ben Nevis, and is the most
completely Highland region in Scotland.
A wolf slain there in 1680 was the last
wolf in Great Britain.

LOCH-A-BHEALICH, lake in Kintail
parish, Ross-shire.

LOCH-ACHALL, etc. See AcHALL, etc.

LOCHALINE, village and seat within
mouth of Loch Aline, in Morvern parish,
Argyleshire. The village is modern, and
has a pier.

LOCHALSH, village and parish in south-
west of Ross-shire. The village stands on
north side of upper part of Loch Alsh, 7
miles south-south-west of Strome Ferry,
and has a head post office with all depart-
ments. Established and Free churches, and
a public school with about 104 scholars. —
The parish contains also Plockton village,
includes Gillean Island, and measures about
28 miles by 8. Real property in 1880-81,
£6365. Pop. 2050. The surface is mostly
mountainous, but less rugged and lofty
than that of neighbouring parishes, and
includes about 1500 acres of arable land.
The chief residence is Balmacarra. Estab-
lished and Free churches are at Plockton.
Four schools for 386 scholars are in the
parish, and 2 of them and enlargements
for 195 are new.

LOCHAN, burn entering Kinnel river,
Dumfriesshire.

LOCHANDOW, chain of reedy lakes in
Muckairn parish, Argyleshire.

LOCHANDUNTY, lake in Petty parish,
Inverness-shire.

LOCH-AN-EILAN, lake in Rothiemurchus
parish, Inverness-shire. It contains an
islet with ruined fortalice of the Wolf of
Badenoch.

LOCHANFALLOCH, lake in Port-of-Mon-
teith parish, Perthshire.

LOCHANHEAD, railway station, 13J
miles north-east of Castle-Douglas, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

LOCHANGANUH, lake in Kildonan
parish, Sutherland.

LOCHAN-LEAMHAN, lake in Glassary
parish, Argyleshire.

LOCHAN-NAN-CORP, tarn on shoulder
of Benledi, Perthshire.

LOCHANS, village, 2 miles south-by-
east of Stranraer, Wigtonshire. It has a
post office designated of Wigtonshire, and
a public school with about 160 scholars.

LOCHANTUIRC, small lake in Kirk-
michael parish, Perthshire.

LOCHANUAINE, beautiful tarn on hill
top, near mouth of Glendouglas, Dumbar-
tonshire.

LOCHANUAINE, curious pond, with
greenish water, in Logie-Coldstone parish,
Aberdeenshire.

LOCHAR, moss and rivulet in south-
west of Dumfriesshire. The moss extends
southward to Solway Firth at 8 miles
south-east-by-south of Dumfries ; measures
10 miles in length, and from 2 to 3 miles in
breadth ; is nearly all a dead level ; has
been proved by excavations to have been
both a sea-inlet and a forest ; and exhibits
now a surface partly reclaimed for the
plough, and partly used as turbary, but
chiefly waste and unsightly. The rivulet
bisects the moss from end to end, and is
so nearly stagnant as to make an aggregate
fall of only about 11 feet.

LOCHAR, burn, running to the Avon
in Avondale parish, Lanarkshire.

LOCHARBRIGGS, village, with railway
station, 2j miles north-north-east of Dum-
fries. Pop. 306.

LOCHARICLINY, lake in Kildonan
parish, Sutherland.

LOCHAY. See Lochy.

LOCHBOISDALE, hamlet on Loch Bois-
dale, in South Uist Island, Outer Hebri-
des. It has a post office, with money
order department, under Lochmaddy.

LOCHBROOM, parish in north-west of
Ross-shire. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Ross-shire, contains Ulla-
pool village, and includes Martin, Tanera,
Ristal islands, and some islets. Its
length is about 36 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 20 miles. Real property in
1880-81, £14,799. Pop. , quoad civilia, 4191;
quoad sacra, 1615. The coast, measured
around promontories and sea-inlets, has an
aggregate length of more than 100 miles ;
and it is bold, rocky, and precipitous on
the Atlantic, and mostly low and sandy
at the heads of the sea-inlets. The interior
is chiefly mountainous ; appears, as seen
from lofty inland vantage-grounds, to be
a wild, dismal, Highland waste ; includes,
nevertheless, a considerable aggregate of
fine valley and fertile seaboard ; and is
divided into the districts of Coigach, Loch-
broom-proper, the Little Strath, and the
Laigh. Coigach lies north of Tanera
Island and Loch Broom up to a point above
Ullapool ; Lochbroom-proper lies around
the upper part of Loch Broom and south-
eastward thence to a mountain watershed ;
the Little Strath lies around and above
Little Loch Broom ; and the Laigh lies
around and above Loch Greinord. The
chief residence is Dundonnell, and the
chief antiquities are numerous dunes.

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305

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The churches are 2 Established and 2
Free. There are 12 schools for 842
scholars, and 4 of them and an enlarge-
ment for 256 are new. Lochbroom is the
headquarters of a fishery district compris-
ing 43 creeks.

LOCHBUY, bay, hamlet, and old tower
on south coast of Mull Island, Argyleshire.
The bay enters at 15 miles west-south-west
of Oban, and is 3 miles long ; and the
hamlet has a post office, with money order
department, under Oban.

LOCHCALVA, bay on Edderachyllis
coast, Sutherland.

LOCHCARRQN, hamlet and parish in
south-west of Ross-shire. The hamlet lies
near head of Loch Oarron, 5^ miles north-
north-east of Strome Ferry, and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Eoss-shire, a
banking office, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
120 scholars. Pop. 417. — The parish con-
tains also Jeantown village, and measures
about 25 miles by 10. Keal property in
1880-81, £5858. Pop., quoad civilia,
1456; quoad sacra, 1405. The surface is
bisected lengthwise by Carron river and
Loch Carron, consists of glen and valley
with flanking moorish heights, and
includes about 1250 acres of arable land,
and about 1500 of woods. Chief objects
of interest are Strome Castle ruins, and
a Scandinavian dune. There are 3 schools
for 242 scholars, and 1 of them for 50 is
new.

LOCHCOTE, lake, seat, and hills in
Torphichen parish, Linlithgowshire.

LOCHCRAIG, mountain adjacent to
Hartfell, on mutual border of Dumfries-
shire and Peeblesshire.

LOCHDON, bay on east coast of Mull
Island, Argyleshire. It enters opposite
middle of Kerrera. and goes 4 miles
windingly and narrowly to the north-west.

LOCHDONHEAD, hamlet at head of
Lochdon, Argyleshire. It has a public
school with about 67 scholars.

LOCHEARNHEAD, village at head of
Loch Earn, 12 miles north of Callander,
Perthshire. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Perthshire, a railway
station, and a hotel ; and it was designed
in 1880 to be extended by a series of
buildings about \ mile long on north side
of Loch Earn.

LOCHEE, town, \\ mile by road, but 6
miles by railway, north-west of Dundee.
It is included in Dundee parliamentary
burgh ; it was, at a recent period, a mere
village, irregularly constructed, and
consisting mostly of narrow lanes ; it rose
rapidly to importance as a seat of textile
manufacture ; it now comprises a good
main street and very large and imposing
factories ; and it has a post office, with all
departments, under Dundee, a railway
station, 2 banking offices, 2 Established
churches, a Free church, 2 United

Presbyterian churches, Baptist, Episco-
palian, and Roman Catholic churches,
and large public schools. Pop. included
in Dundee burgh.

LOCHEIL, old seat of chief of clan
Cameron on Loch Eil, 12 miles west of
Fort- William, Inverness-shire.

LOCHENBRECK, lake, spa, and hotel
in Balmaghie parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

LOCHEND, small lake, overlooked by
remains of ancient castle, in north-eastern
outskirts of Edinburgh.

LOCHEND, smalllake, with artificial islet,
in Newabbey parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

LOCHEND, small lake in Old Monklancl
parish, Lanarkshire.

LOCHEND, place, with Free church, in
Colvend parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

LOCHEND, seat of Sir George Warrender,
Bart., in western vicinity of Dunbar,
Haddingtonshire.

LOCHEND, seat near Port-of-Monteith
village, Perthshire.

LOCHEND, place near Dores church, near
foot of Loch Ness, Inverness-shire. It has
a post office designated of Inverness- shire.

LOCHEND, place, with public school, in
Tarbert quoad sacra parish, Argyleshire.

LOCHEND, place, with rude memorial
of battle in 995, near Newbridge, 9 miles
west of Edinburgh.

LOCHEPORT, hamlet on Loch Eport,
in North Uist, Outer Hebrides. - It has a
post office under Lochmaddy.

LOCHER, affluent of the Gryfe at If
mile east of Houston village, Renfrewshire.

LOCHER, Dumfriesshire. See Lochar.

LOCHFAULD, place, with public school,
in Cadder parish, Lanarkshire.

LOCHFELL, mountain, 2256 feet high,
5 miles east-by-south of Moffat, Dumfries-
shire.

LOCHFOOT, village in Lochrutton parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a post office
under Dumfries.

LOCHGAIR, hamlet and seat in Glassary
parish, Argyleshire. The hamlet has a
post office designated of Argyleshire, and
a public school with about 79 scholars.

LOCHGARRY, seat on the Tummel near
foot of Loch Rannoch, Perthshire.

LOCHGELLY, town and quoad saci'a
parish in south-west of Fife. The town
stands 6 miles by road, but 1\ by railway,
east-north-east of Dunfermline ; is near
a pleasant lake of its own name, about 3
miles in circuit ; flourishes in connection
with manufactures and neighbouring-
coal mines and ironwork ; and has a
post office with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Fife, a railway
station, a banking office, waterworks of
1880, Established, Free, United Presby-
terian, and Roman Catholic churches, and
a public school with about 577 scholars.
Pop. of the town, 2601 ; of the quoad sacra
parish, 3190.

LOCHGILPHEAD, seaport town and
quoad sacra parish in Argyleshire. The
town stands at head of Loch Gilp, 2 miles

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north of Ardrishaig, and 40 north-west of
Eothesay; serves jointly with Ardrishaig
as a centre of trade between the Clyde
and the Western Highlands ; and has a
head post office with all departments, 2
banking offices, Established, Free, Baptist,
and Episcopalian churches, and 3 public
schools with about 401 scholars. Pop. of
the town, 1485 ; of the quoad sacra
parish, 2377.

LOCHGOILHEAD, village and parish in
north of Cowal, Argyleshire. The village
stands at head of Loch Goil, 21 miles
north-north-west of Greenock ; is engirt,
at near distance, by grand mountain
scenery ; includes a long chain of villas
and ornate cottages on the loch's bank ;
and has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Greenock,
a steamboat pier, a hotel, a parochial
church, and a public school with about 60
scholars. — The parish is about 35 miles
long, and from 6 to 20 miles broad. Real
property in 1880-81, £10,947. Pop. 870.
The surface is bounded for 12 miles by
middle and upper parts of Loch Long,
for 4 miles by upper part of Loch Fyne ;
extends northward to vicinity of Benloy ;
includes some good arable land adjacent
to the lochs ; and consists chiefly of
rugged, wild, lofty mountains. Chief
residences are Drimsynie and Ardgarten ;
and chief antiquities are Carrick, Ardkin-
glass, and Dunduramh castles. An Estab-
lished church is at Cairndow, and 2 schools
with capacity for 98 scholars are in the
parish.

L0CH60IN, moorland farm, a famous
fastness of the Covenanters, in Fenwick
parish, Ayrshire.

LOCHHOUSE, ruined but well-preserved
tower of about the year 1400, about a mile
south of Moffat, Dumfriesshire.

LOCHINDAAL, sea-loch bisecting south-
ern half of Islay Island, Argyleshire. It
penetrates about 12 miles north-north-
eastward, and is about 11 miles wide at
the entrance, but narrows to less than 2
miles at the extremity.

LOCHINDAAL, bay on Skye side of Sleat
Sound, Inverness-shire.

LOCHINDORB, hill-girt lake, 7 miles
north-north-west of Grantown, Elginshire.
It is 2| miles long, and it contains an
islet with remains of historical strong
castle.

LOCHINRUAR, lake in Kildonan parish,
Sutherland.

LOCHINTALLAN, small bay on east side
of Islay Island, Argyleshire.

LOCHINVAR, lake, with remains of
ancient castle of knights of Lochinvar,
ancestors of Viscounts Kenmure, in Dairy
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

LOCHINVER, village at head of Loch
Inver, on south-west coast of Suther-
land. It stands 52 miles west-north-west
of Bonar-Bridge, serves as a tourists' centre
for a great extent of country, and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph

departments, under Lairg, a hotel, a pier,
an occasional residence of the Duke of
Sutherland, and a public school with
about 56 scholars.

LOCHKNOCK, small bay on east side of
Islay Island, Argyleshire.

LOCHLEE, parish in extreme north of
Forfarshire. It contains Tarfside hamlet,
with post office under Brechin, measures
14 miles by 8, and comprises 58,382 acres.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £4171. Pop.
359. The surface consists wholly of
heights and glens of Benchinnan Moun-
tains ; has on its northern boundary
Mounts Battock and Keen, 2554 and 3180
feet high ; includes numerous other moun-
tains of great altitude ; comprises the
basins of all the head-streams of the
North Esk; and is inhabited throughout
very little more than one-fourth of its
area. A small lake, called Loch Lee,
giving name to the parish, is in the south-
west centre ; and the ruins of Invermark
Castle are near the lake's foot. The
churches are Established, Free, and Epis-
copalian, and the public school has about
52 scholars.

LOCHLEE, farm, with small lake, 2J
miles north-by-west of Tarbolton, Ayr-
shire. The poet Burns resided here with
his father during several years, and wrote
here a number of his most popular poems.

LOCHLEE, small lake in Auldearn parish,
Nairnshire.

LOCHLETTER, seat on Loch Meikle, in
Urquhart parish, Inverness-shire.

LOCHLIN, conspicuous turreted ancient
castle in Fearn parish, Ross-shire.

LOCHLUICHART, hamlet on Loch
Luichart, 17 miles west of Dingwall, Ross-
shire. It has a post office designated of
Ross -shire, and a railway station.

LOCHMABEN, town and parish in
Annandale, Dumfriesshire. The town
stands on low ground environed by lakes,
8 miles by road, but 10| by railway, north-
east of Dumfries ; figiired prominently in
the history of the early Bruces ; adjoins
the site of the castle in which King
Robert Bruce was born ; is an ancient
royal burgh, the poet Burns' 'Marjory
wi' mony lochs ; ' sank into a somewhat
decayed and mean condition, but recently
underwent much revival and renovation ;
presents now a pleasant appearance ; has
a post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, designated of Dum-
friesshire, a railway station, a banking
office, 2 good inns, a handsome town hall
of 1878, a pedestalled statue of King
Robert Bruce erected in 1879, Estab-
lished, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches, and 2 public schools with about
301 scholars ; and unites with Dumfries,
Annan, Sanquhar, and Kirkcudbright in
sending a member to Parliament. Real
property in 1880-81, £2609. Pop. 1216.—
The parish contains also the villages of
Hightae, Greenhill, Heck, Smallholm,
and Templand. Its length is 8£ miles ;

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its greatest breadth 3j miles ; its area
10,813 acres. Real property of landward
part in 1880-81, £14,029. Pop. of the
whole, 2816. The western border is a
ridge of arable brae, and the rest of the
surface is mostly a rich plain. The river
Annan traces most of the eastern boundary,
and four lakes, covering aggregately about
532 acres, lie in the interior. Lochmaben
Castle, succeeding that in which King
Robert Bruce was born, stood on a penin-
sula of the largest lake, 1^ mile south-
south-east of the town ; occupied, with
its offices and outworks, an area of nearly
16 acres ; was long a structure of great
historical note, both as a princely resi-
dence and as a fortress ; and is now repre-
sented by only small ruins. The chief
seats are Halleaths, Elshieshields, Broad-
chapel, and Todhillmuir ; and the chief
antiquities, besides Lochmaben Castle,
are Rockhall moat and Spedlin's Tower.
A Free church is at Hightae. Three
schools for 640 scholars are in the parish,
and 2 of them for 420 are new.

LOCHMADDY, sea-loch and village on
middle of east side of North Uist Island,
Outer Hebrides. The loch has an aggre-
gate water area of not more than 9^ miles,
yet cuts the land into such a multitude of
isles and peninsulas as to have an aggre-
gate coast-line of about 200 miles ; and it
forms many safe, capacious, natural har-
bours.— The village stands on one of its
harbours, and has a head post office with
money order and telegraph departments, a
banking office, an inn, and a court-house.

LOCHMALONIE, seat in Kilmany parish,
Fife.

LOCHMAREE, place on Loch Maree,
Ross-shire. It has a post office under
Dingwall.

LOCHMORE, lake and quondam strong
castle in Halkirk parish, Caithness.

LOCHMYRE, lake and ruined old chapel
with burying-ground in Alness parish,
Ross-shire.

LOCHNABO, beautiful lake in vicinity
of Elgin.

LOCHNACLAR, lake in Kilclonan parish,
Sutherland.

LOCHNACUEN, lake, with winding bays
and small islands, in Kildonan parish,
Sutherland.

LOCHNAGANA, lake in Assynt parish,
Sutherland.

LOCHNAGAR, mountain, 3777 feet high,
11 miles south-west of Ballater, Aberdeen-
shire. It is cut by frightful corries ; it
has on its shoulder a gloomy tarn over-
hung by tremendous precipices ; it com-
mands from its summit a very extensive
and impressive view ; and it is the subject
of a well-known small poem of Lord Bj'ron.

LOCHNAGAUL, bay, 3 miles long, in
Arasaig district, Inverness-shire.

LOCHNAKEAL, or LOCHNANGAUL, sea-
loch bisecting west side of Mull Island,
Argyleshire. It penetrates 13|- miles east-
by-northward ; contracts in width from

9 miles to about 1 mile ; and contains
Little Colonsay, Inchkenneth, and Eorsa
Islands.

LOCHNALUIRE, lake, 3 miles long, in
course of Glass river, Inverness-shire.

LOCHNAMBREACDEARG, lake in Kil-
tarlity parish, Inverness-shire.

LOCHNAMHOON, small lake, once pos-
sessing a floating islet, 2\ miles east of
Aviemore, Inverness-shire.

LOCHNAMOIN, lake in Kildonan parish,
Sutherland.

LOCHNANEAN, lake in Kirkmichael
parish, Perthshire.

LOCHNANGAUL. See Lochnakeal.

LOCHNANUA, sea-loch, 9 miles long,
split in upper part into Lochnanua and
Loch Aylort, on mutual border of Ara-
saig and Moydart districts, Inverness-shire.

LOCHNASEALG, lake, 6 miles long, in
Laigh section of Lochbroom parish, Ross-
shire.

LOCHNAW, seat of Sir Andrew Agnew,
Bart., 5-| miles north-west of Stranraer,
Wigtonshire.

LOCHNELL, seat, 5 miles north-north-
east of Oban, Argyleshire. It was built
by Sir Duncan Campbell, and enlarged at
much cost by General Campbell ; it has a
conspicuous shell of an observatory burnt
in 1850; and it is near an ancient tumulus,
opened in 1871, and thought to have marks
of serpent-worship. See also Nell.

LOCHORE, hamlet, seat, and drained
lake in Ballingry parish, Fife. The ham-
let has a post office under Lochgelly, an
the lake had an islet long crowned by
a castle of the time of Malcolm nr.

LOCHPARD, source of river Isla in
Botriphnie parish, Banffshire.

LOCHRANZA, bay and village at north
end of Arran Island, Buteshire. The bay
is a mile long and 3 furlongs wide, adjoins
a promontory with ruined ancient royal
hunting-seat, and forms part of a grand
landscape depicted in Sir "Walter Scott's
Lord of the Isles. The village has a post
office under Greenock, a good inn, a Free
church, and a public school with about 84
scholars.

LOCHRUTTON, lake and parish in east
of Kirkcudbrightshire. The lake lies 6
miles west - south - west of Dumfries,
measures about 3 miles in circuit, and
has much attraction for anglers. — The
parish contains Lochfoot village, with post
office under Dumfries, measures 5| miles
by 4^, and comprises 7411 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £9048. Pop. 614.
The land is partly flat, partly hilly, and
mostly arable. Chief objects of interest
are Merkland Spa, a well-preserved
ancient peel tower, and remains of a
Caledonian stone circle. The public
school has capacity for 92 scholars.

LOCHRYAN, quoad sacra parish and
seat on east side of Loch Ryan, Wigton-
shire. Pop. 292.

LOCHS, parish in south-east of Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. It contains the post

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office villages of Balallan and Carloway,
and the villages of Gruver, Leurbost,
Rarnish, and North Shawbost ; and in-
cludes the Shiant Isles. Its length is 18
miles ; its greatest breadth, exclusive of
the isles, 12| miles ; its total area 124,681
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £4670.
Pop. 6284. The coast is mostly very bold
and rocky, terminates in the south in
Loch Seaforth, and is deeply cut by Lochs
Brolum, Shell, Erisort, Leurbost, and other
sea-inlets. The south-eastern district bears
the name of Park or Forest of Lewis, and is
mountainous and pastoral ; and the other
districts are mostly flat and heathy, and
have such a multitude of lakes as to be
a labyrinth of land and water. The
churches are Established and Free. There
are 11 schools for 994 scholars, and 7 of
them for 748 are new.

LOCHS, northern section of Applecross
parish, Ross-shire.

LOCHSIDE, village in Slamannan parish,
Stirlingshire. Pop. 393.

LOCHSIDE, village in St. Cyrus parish,
Kincardineshire.

LOCHSIDE, seat in Lochwinnoch parish,
Renfrewshire.

LOCHSLIN, lake, 2| miles long, and
conspicuous ruined ancient castle, in
Fearn parish, Ross-shire.

LOCHTHORN, village in Dumfries parish,
Dumfriesshire.

LOCHTON, seat and hill in Longforgan
parish, Perthshire.

LOCHTY, affluent of the Ore, at 3J
miles north-east of Dysart, Fife.

LOCHTY, affluent of the Lossie in
Dallas parish, Elginshire.

LOCHWINNOCH, town and parish in
south-west border of Renfrewshire. The
town stands near Castle-Semple Loch, 9f
miles south-west of Paisley; carries on
considerable manufacture ; and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Renfrewshire,
a railway station, a banking office, Estab-
lished, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches, and 2 public schools with about
323 scholars. Pop. 1192. —The parish
contains also the villages of Howwood and
Newton - of -Beltrees, measures about 12
miles by 6, and comprises 19,507 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £27,735. Pop.
3369. The surface is bisected by Castle-
Semple Loch, includes a rich valley along
the sides of that lake, rises thence very
irregularly to the south-eastern and north-
western boundaries, and culminates in the
north-west in the lofty hill of Mistylaw.
Coal, limestone, and sandstone are worked.
Chief seats are Castle-Semple, Barr, and
Garthland ; and chief antiquities are Barr,
Elliston, and Auchenbathie castles. A
chapel - of - ease is at Howwood, and 5
schools for 597 scholars are in the
parish.

LOCHWOOD, ruined ancient strong seat
of the Johnstones of Annandale, 5J miles
south of Moffat, Dumfriesshire.

LOCHY, lake and river in Great Glen,
Inverness-shire. The lake begins at 10^
miles south-west of Fort-Augustus ; ex-
tends 10 miles south - westward, with
width from f to 1^ mile; is flanked on
both sides by steep hills ; and forms part
of the Caledonian Canal navigation. The
river issues from the lake's foot ; runs for
a mile in an artificially- cut channel ; is
then identified for 4/ mile with its tribu-
tary the Spean ; proceeds then about 9
miles south-westward, mostly in near
vicinity to the canal ; is crossed, at about
2 miles from Fort-William, by a ferry,
with good quay on each side ; and falls
impetuously into Loch Eil.

LOCHY, small river in Breadalbane,
Perthshire. It describes the arc of a
circle from west to east ; has a run of
about 13 miles ; makes in its lower reach
a series of six cataracts in two groups ;
unites with the Dochart at Killin village ;
and falls a few paces afterwards into the
head of Loch Tay.

LOCHY, small affluent of the Aven, in
Kirkmichael parish, Banffshire.

LOCHY, hill in Creich parish, Fife.

LOCKERBY, town, 12 miles by road, but
14f by railway, east-north-east of Dum-
fries. It sprang from an old baronial
f ortalice of the Johnstones ; acquired con-
sequence, after the national Union, in
connection with great Border fairs ; pre-
sents a well-built appearance in midst of
a varied pleasant landscape ; is notable for
a vast annual lamb fair in August ; pub-
lishes a weekly newspaper ; and has a
head post office with all departments, a
railway station, 4 banking offices, 2 hotels,
a fine town hall projected in 1873, a
recently renovated Established church, a
conspicuous Free church of 1872, a hand-
some United Presbyterian church of 1875,
and a new public school with about 545
scholars. Pop. 2029.

LOCKS, place, with ironstone pit, in
Old Monkland parish, Lanark.

LODGE, village in Slamannan parish,
Stirlingshire. Pop. 249.

LOGAN, burn and seat in Lesmahagow
parish, Lanarkshire.

LOGAN, seat, associated with memory
of the witty ' Laird of Logan,' about a mile
east of Cumnock, Ayrshire.

LOGAN, burn in Kirkpatrick-Fleming
parish, Dumfriesshire.

LOGAN, seat in Kirkinaiden parish,
Wigtonshire.

LOGAN, burn in Broughton parish,
Peeblesshire.

LOGAN, or LOGANHOUSE, historical
rivulet, now called Glencross Burn, running
east-south-eastward from the Pentlands to
the North Esk, in Edinburghshire.

LOGANBANK, seat in Glencross parish,
Edinburghshire.

LOGGIE. See LUGGIE.

LOGIE, hamlet and parish in north-east
of Fife. The hamlet lies 4^ miles north-
east of Cupar, and has a parochial church

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309

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and a public school. — The parish contains
also Lucklawhill hamlet, and its post town
is Cupar. Its length is nearly 4 miles ; its
greatest breadth about 1^ mile ; its area
3599 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£5644. Pop. 390. The surface is irregular
and hilly, but rises nowhere higher than
about 550 feet above sea-level. A chief
object is a ruined square tower. There is
a Free church for Logie and Gauldry.

LOGIE, parish in Stirlingshire, Clack-
mannanshire, and Perthshire. It adjoins
Stirling town, and contains Causewayhead,
Menstrie, and Blairlogie villages, part of
Bridge of Allan town, and small part of
Stirling burgh. Its length is miles ; its
greatest breadth about 6 miles ; its area
3026 acres in Stirlingshire, 3632 acres in
Clackmannanshire, and 5156 acres in
Perthshire. Eeal property in 1880-81,
£23,761, £9294, and £3712. Pop. 2985, and
1438, and 273. The river Allan traces
the western boundary; the river Devon
traces the eastern boundary ; and the river
Forth, from mouth of the former to mouth
of the latter, traces all the southern boun-
dary. The land in the north and the
north-east is part of the Ochil Hills ;
thence, to about tl>e middle, is brae or
hanging plain ; and thence, to the rivers,
is rich carse. One of its Ochil hills is the
famous Dunmyat ; and another of its pro-
minent features is Abbey-Craig. Silver
and copper ores are among its Ochils ; and
the mineral wells of Airthrie are near
Bridge of Allan. A chief residence is
Lord Abercromby's seat of Airthrie Castle,
and a chief antiquity is Cambuskenneth
Abbey. The parochial church stands on
a rural spot near Blairlogie. Established,
Free, United Presbyterian, and Episco-
palian churches are a,t Bridge of Allan,
and a United Presbyterian church is at
Blairlogie. Six schools for 976 scholars
are in the parish, and 3 of them for 570
are new.

LOGIE, ancient parish, now part of Liff,
Forfarshire.

LOGIE, quoad sacra parish, named from
ancient parish, and suburban to Dundee.
Pop. 4270.

LOGIE, manufacturing village in Logie-
pert parish, Forfarshire.

LOGIE, seat and irrigated meadows in
Kirriemuir parish, Forfarshire.

LOGIE, seat and beautiful valley in
Edenkillie parish, Elginshire.

LOGIE, seat, If mile south-west of Dun-
fermline, Fife.

LOGIE, estate and lake in Crimond
parish, Aberdeenshire.

LOGIE, rivulet, running about 10 miles
south - westward and westward to the
Deveron at 3| miles south of Banff.

LOGIE, promontory flanking east side of
Cullen Bay, Banffshire.

LO GIEALMOND , quoad sacra parish on
river Almond, averagely 1\ miles north-
west of Perth. Its post town is Perth.
Its churches are Established, Free, and

United Presbyterian ; and its public school
has about 92 scholars. Pop. 581.

LOGIEBRIDE, ancient parish, now part
of Auchtergaven, Perthshire.

LOGIE-BUCHAN, parish, with church 2
miles east-south-east of Ellon, Aberdeen-
shire. Its post town is Ellon. Its length
is 1\ miles ; its greatest breadth about 2
miles ; its area 6683 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £5750. Pop. 767. The
surface is mostly flat and fertile, and is
cut into two nearly equal sections by the
navigable river Ythan. There are 3 schools
for 219 scholars, and 1 of them and an
enlargement for 109 are new.

LOGIE-COLDSTONE, parish, with church
7 miles north-west-by-west of Aboyne,
Aberdeenshire. Its post town is Dinnet,
under Aberdeen. Its length is 7
miles ; its greatest breadth fully 5 miles ;
its area 13,600 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £5728. Pop. 908. The surface
is partly a valley and partly a range of
steep high hills. The seats are Blelack
and Corrachree, and the antiquities are two
cairns and a moat. The public school has
capacity for 145 scholars.

LOGIE -DURNO, ancient parish, now
called Chapel-of-Garioch, Aberdeenshire.

LOGIE (EAST and _ WEST), detached
section of Caputh parish, surrounded by
Clunie, Perthshire.

LOGIE - EASTER, parish, averagely 5
miles south-south- west of Tain, Ross-shire.
Its post town is Parkhill. Its length is 7
miles ; its breadth about 3 miles. Real
property in 1880-81, £5941. Pop. 827.
The surface descends from north-west and
north to seaboard of Cromarty Firth, and
si uneven but not rugged. The seats are
Calrossie and Shandwick ; and the anti-
quities are cairns, supposed to be memorials
of an ancient battle between the Scotch
and the Danes. The churches are Estab-
lished and Free ; and the schools are 2
new ones with capacity for 162 scholars.

LOGIE-ELPHINSTONE, seat of Sir James
D. H. Elphinstone, Bart., on Ury river, in
Chapel-of-Garioch parish, Aberdeenshire.

LOGIE-MONTROSE, ancient parish, now
part of Logiepert, Forfarshire.

LOGIE -NEWTON, farm, with Roman
camp and tri-concentric Caledonian stone
circle, in Auchterless parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

LOGIEPERT, parish, containing Logie,
Craigo, and Muirside villages, on north-
east border of Forfarshire. It has a post
office of its own name under Montrose.
Its length is 5 \ miles ; its greatest breadth
3 miles ; its area 5739 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £10,079. Pop. 995.
The North Esk traces all the northern
boundary. The land rises at first gently,
afterwards more rapidly from that river,
attains a commanding but not hilly ele-
vation, and then slopes a short way to the
southern boundary. The seats are Craigo
and Gallary ; and the antiquities are three
tumuli, called Craigo Laws. The churches

LOG

310

LON

are Established and Free, and there are
2 schools with capacity for 256 scholars.

LOGIERAIT, village and parish in north
of Perthshire. The village stands on
peninsula between the Tay and the Turn-
mel, nearly in line with railway viaducts
across these rivers, 8|- miles north-north-
west of Dunkeld ; maintains carriage ferries
on the two rivers ; was long the seat of the
Athole family's regality courts ; had then
a grand court-hall and a prison, the place
of Kob Roy's incarceration under sentence
of the court ; and has now a post office
designated of Perthshire, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 166 scholars. — The parish contains
also Ballinluig village and part of Aber-
feldy town ; consists of a number of de-
tached sections, one of them 19 miles
west of the village ; measures, apart from
intersections, about 12 miles in length, and
4ij in mean breadth ; and comprises 37,759
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £18,288.
Pop. , quoad civilia, 2323. The main body
around the village is remarkably beautiful,
but much of the detached districts is wild
upland. A number of fine mansions are
in the main body ; and ruins of a castle,
said to have been a residence or hunting-
seat of King Robert nt., are near the
village. Established, Free, Congrega-
tional, Baptist, and Episcopalian churches,
and a large public school, are in Aber-
feldy.

LOGIERIEVE, railway station, 16£ miles
north of Aberdeen.

LOGIE - WESTER, ancient parish now
united to Urquhart in Ross-shire.

LOING, rivulet, running about 9 miles
south-westward to head of Loch Long, in
south-west of Ross-shire.

LOINHEIRIE, burn in Strathdon parish,
Aberdeenshire.

LOIRSTON, lake in Nigg parish,
Kincardineshire.

LOMOND, lake in Dumbartonshire and
Stirlingshire. It commences at foot of
Glenfalloch, near boundary with Perth-
shire ; extends about 21 miles south-by-
eastward to vicinity of Balloch ; has a
mean width of less than a mile for 13
miles from its head ; expands then
gradually over 4£ miles to a maximum
width of about 5f miles ; and contracts
thence, in somewhat angular manner, to
a width of about -| mile at its foot. Its
depth, in the upper parts, is from 200 to
600 feet ; in the lower parts, little more
than 60 feet. It looks northward, at its
head, into a vast Highland amphitheatre
zoned with alpine peaks ; it lies close to
the soaring acclivities of Benlomond and
four other lofty mountains on the upper
and middle parts of its east side ; it is
overhung by many mountains of many
forms, from 1500 to 3092 feet high, on all
its west side ; it cleaves the broad foot
of riant Strathendrick at its south-east
corner ; it contains, in its expanded
portion, numerous islands in much variety

of size, form, height, and surface ; it
receives, at numerous points on both sides,
numerous rivulets, burns, and torrents,
either through glens or with cataractine
descent ; it curves, from its south-east
corner to its foot, round a rich hanging
plain, backed by the Lennox Hills ; and it
sends off a limpid effluence, at its foot,
into the luxuriant hill-screened vale of
Leven. The scenery of its upper parts is
predominantly sublime ; of its lower parts,
predominantly ornate ; of its central parts,
a rich intermixture of beauty, brilliance,
and grandeur.

LOMOND, isolated hill-group on mutual
border of Kinross-shire and Fife. It
extends 6 miles eastward from north-east
shore of Loch Leven ; rises steeply and
ruggedly on the north, but gradually and
smoothly on the south ; and culminates in
two conical peaks 1713 and 1471 feet high,
which command an exquisite view of
great part of eastern Lowlands.

LONACH, mountain, crowned with
modern large memorial cairn, in Strath-
don parish, Aberdeenshire.

LONAN, rivulet, running about 6 miles
westward to Loch Nell, in Lorn, Argyle-
shire.

LONEHEAD. See Loanhead.

LONG, sea-loch on mutual border of
Dumbartonshire and Argyleshire. It
strikes from Firth of Clyde at 5 miles
west-north-west of Greenock ; goes pre-
vailingly northward, but with a curve in
its lower part ; is 22 miles long, and from
2 miles to f mile wide ; sends off Loch Goil
north-westward from middle of its west
side ; is flanked by a variety of fine slopes,
verdant hills, and steep heathy mountains
throughout its lower half ; lies in a pro-
found Highland trough, with stern,
rugged, lofty flanks throughout its upper
half, with the fantastic precipitous
alpine group of Argyle's Bowling-Green
on the west side ; and is overlooked at the
head by the curiously-outlined mass of the
Cobbler Mountain.

LONG, sea-loch projecting from head
of Loch Alsh, in south-west of Ross-shire.
It curves from a northerly to an easterly
direction, and has a length of about 4
miles, and a mean breadth of about ^
mile.

LONG, lake in Lundie parish, Forfar-
shire.

LONG, lake on south-east border of
Neilston parish, Renfrewshire.

LONGA, island, 5 miles west-north-west
of Kyleakin, Inverness-shire.

LONGANNAT, village and famous sand-
stone quarry on the Forth, 4 miles south-
east of Alloa.

LONGART, lake in upper part of Glen-
cannich, on north-west border of Inver-
ness-shire.

LONG CALDERWOOD, place, 1| mile
north-east of East Kilbride, Lanarkshire.

LONGCASTLE, ancient parish, now united
to Kirkinner, Wigtonshire. It includes

LON

311

LON

part of Dowalton Lake, and it has a public
school with about 110 scholars.
LONG CAUSEWAY. See Causeway-

HEAD.

LONG CRAIG, islet in Firth of Forth to
the west of North Queensferry, Fife.

LONGCROFT, village in Denny parish,
Stirlingshire. Pop. 246.

LONG DALMAHOY, place, with site of
ancient chapel, in Katho parish, Edinburgh-
shire.

LONGDYKE, village in Bothkennar par-
ish, Stirlingshire. Pop. 305.

LONGFAUGH, rising-ground, with well-
preserved remains of Roman camp and
with extensive view, in Crichton parish,
Edinburghshire.

LONGFORGAN, village and parish on
east border of Perthshire. The village
stands on rising-ground with splendid view,
6 miles west of Dundee, and has a post
office under Dundee, a railway station,
Established and Free churches, and a
public school with about 165 scholars.
Pop. 366. — The parish contains also Kin-
goodie and Balbunno villages, and part
of Mylnefield-Feus. Its length is 7 miles ;
its greatest breadth 3 miles ; its area 8528
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £16,105.
Pop. 1854. The surface includes part of
Carse of Gowrie, rises thence in irregular
slope and low ridge, and ascends to two
summits of the Sidlaws. The seats are
Mylnefield and Lochton ; and the chief
antiquities are Castle-Huntly and remains
of an ancient chapel. There are 2 schools
with capacity for 330 scholars, and 1 of
them and an enlargement for 240 are new.

LONGFORMACUS, parish, with church
5i miles west-north-west of Dunse, Ber-
wickshire. Its post town is Dunse. It
consists of a main body of 8 miles by
7-f, and a detached section of 1^ mile
by 1^, and comprises 19,532 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £7319. Pop. 385.
The surface lies wholly among the Lammer-
moors. The chief residence is Longfor-
macus House. The churches are Estab-
lished and Free. The public school has
about 47 scholars.

LONG GALLERY, natural marine tunnel,
navigable by boats, through high promon-
tory in Dunnottar parish, Kincardine-
shire.

LONGHAVEN, place, 4 miles from Peter-
head, Aberdeenshire. It has a post office
under Ellon.

LONGHOPE, natural harbour nearly
bisecting southern part of Hoy Island,
Orkney. It opens at 11 miles north-north-
west of Duncansby Head ; goes 5^ miles
west-south- westward ; enjoys perfect shel-
ter from every wind ; and has at its mouth
a post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, under Stromness, a
battery, and two martello towers.

LONG ISLAND, largest group of Western
Islands. See Hebrides.

LONGLEES, hamlet in Meigle parish,
Perthshire.

LONGLOAN. See Langloan.

LONGMANHILL, village and hill in
Gamrie parish, Banffshire. The village
stands on the hill, was founded about
1822, and has a post office under Banff.

LONGMORN, railway station, 3 miles
south of Elgin.

LONGNEWTON, ancient parish, now part
of Ancrum, Roxburghshire.

LONGNEWTON, hamlet in Yester par-
ish, Haddingtonshire.

LONGNIDDRY, village, 3^ miles north-
east of Tranent, Haddingtonshire. It has
a post office designated of Haddington-
shire, and a railway station. Vestiges of
Longniddry House, notable in the history
of the Reformation, are near the village.

LONGO, small island in mouth of Gair-
loch, west coast of Ross-shire.

LONGRIDGE, or LANRIG, village, If
mile south of Whitburn, Linlithgowshire.
Pop. 442.

LONGRIGGEND, village, 4J miles north-
east of Airdrie, Lanarkshire. It has a
post office under Airdrie, and a railway
station. Pop. 475.

LONGSHANK, lofty summit of Moorfoot
Hills in Temple parish, Edinburghshire.

LONGSIDE, village and parish in Buchan
district, Aberdeenshire. The village stands
6 miles west-by-north of Peterhead, and
has a post office, with money order de-
partment, under Aberdeen, a railway
station, a banking office, Established,
Free, and Episcopalian churches, and a
public school with about 194 scholars. —
The parish contains also Mintlaw village,
measures about 6 miles by 5, and comprises
16,836 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£17,566. Pop., quoad civilia, 3222 ; quoad
sacra, 2835. The surface is low and level.
The seats are Cairngall and Innerquhonry.
There are 6 schools for 591 scholars, and
2 of them for 250 are new.

LONG SPROUSTON, village, destroyed
by the English in 16th century, in Sprous-
ton parish, Roxburghshire.

LONGSTONE, hamlet in Colinton parish,
Edinburghshire.

LONGSTRUTHER, burn in Newlands
parish, Peeblesshire.

LONMAY, village and parish on north-
east coast of Buchan, Aberdeenshire. The
village stands 5j miles south-south-east of
Fraserburgh, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Aberdeen, a railway station, a
banking office, Established and Episco-
palian churches, and a public school with
about 140 scholars. — The parish contains
also St. Combs village, measures about 9£
miles by 3^, and comprises 11,075 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £11,813. Pop.
quoad civilia, 2393; quoad sacra, 1767.
The beach is low and sandy, the sea-
board is flat, and the rest of the surface
consists of two plains divided by small
ridges. The seats are Crimondmogate
and Cairness ; and the antiquities are a
Caledonian stone circle and the site of

LOR

312

LOW

Lonmay Castle. A quoad sacra parish
church is in Kinninmonth. Seven schools
for 675 scholars are in the parish, and 3 of
them and an enlargement for 463 are new.

LORABANK, extinct old castle in Loch-
winnoch parish, Renfrewshire.

LORD ARTHUR'S SEAT, mountain-
summit in Tullynessle parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

LORETTO, famous extinct mediaeval
chapel adjacent to east end of Mussel-
burgh, Edinburghshire.

LORGIE, estate in Kilcalmonell parish,
Argyleshire.

LORN, district of Argyleshire. It is
bounded on the north by Loch Leven, on
the south by Lochs Awe, Avich, and Mel-
fort, together with arbitrary lines between
them ; it measures 33 miles in extreme
length, and 32 in extreme breadth ; it is
divided into Upper Lorn, north of Loch
Etive ; Middle Lorn, southward to southern
boundary of Muckairn ; and Nether Lorn,
thence to the southern boundary ; and it
gives the titles of baron and marquis to
the Duke of Argyle.

LORN (FIRTH OF), sea-belt southward
from Loch Linnhe on coast of Lorn.

LORN FURNACE, extensive ironwork
adjacent to Bunawe, Argyleshire.

LORNTY, burn and village in Blairgowrie
parish, Perthshire.

LOSSET, bay, 2 miles north of Portna-
haven, Islay Island, Argyleshire.

LOSSIE, small river, running about 20
miles north-north-eastward to the sea at
Lossiemouth, Elginshire.

LOSSIEMOUTH, coast town at terminus
of branch railway, 5 miles north-north-east
of Elgin. It comprises Lossiemouth-proper,
Bi-anderburgh, Stotfield, and Seatown ; it is
all modern, and was built on regular plan ;
it serves for the commerce of Elgin and
large part of Elginshire ; and it has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Elgin, a railway station,
a banking office, a hotel, a good artificial
harbour of 1829, waterworks of 1877,
Established, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches, and a large public school. Pop.
of Lossiemouth-proper, 1116 ; with Bran-
derburgh, Stotfield, and Seatown, 3484.

LOSSODIE. See Lassodie.

LOTH, hamlet and parish on east coast
of Sutherland. The hamlet lies 11£ miles
north-east of Golspie, and has a post office
designated of Sutherlandshire, a railway
station, a handsome church of 1838, and
a public school with about 57 scholars. —
The parish contains also Portgower village,
and measures about 7+ miles by 4f. Real
property in 1880-81," £2599. Pop. 591.
The coast is low and sandy, the seaboard
is mostly flat, and the surface thence
ascends to a lofty hill-ridge on the land-
ward boundary, and is cut by a wild glen
and several ravines. The rocks on the
coast are oolitic.

LOTHIAN, territory on south side of
Firth of Forth, divided into East, Mid,

and West, or Haddingtonshire, Edinburgh-
shire, and Linlithgowshire, but anciently
more extensive. It gives the titles of earl
and marquis to the family of Kerr.

LOTHRY, rivulet, running about 6 miles
south-eastward to the Leven in eastern
vicinity of Leslie, Fife.

LOUDANS, bay adjacent to Port-Ellen.
Islay Island, Argyleshire.

LOUDOUN, parish, containing most of
Newmilns and Darvel towns, and part of
Galston, in south-east of Cunningham,
Ayrshire. Its length is 9 miles ; its
greatest breadth 7 miles ; its area 15,486
acres. Real property in 1879-80, £23,563.
Pop. 5239. Irvine river rises near the
north-eastern corner, and runs about 9
miles along the eastern and the southern
boundary. Loudoun Hill, on the eastern
border, rises in conical form to high alti-
tude above sea-level, figures conspicuously
in great extent of landscape, and was the
scene of a victory, in 1307, by Robert
Bruce over the English. Much of the
land on the eastern border and near the
centre is moor and moss, but the rest is
either gently sloping or champaign. Lime-
stone is largely worked, and coal and iron-
stone are plentiful. Loudoun Castle is
chiefly a grand edifice of 1807-11, but
partly ■ a tower of 15th century ; has ex-
quisite grounds, ' Loudoun's bonnie woods
and braes ; ' and, with the estate around
it, was sold in 1868 by the Marquis of
Hastings to the Marquis of Bath for
£300,000. The antiquities include ruins
of two castles and remains of a Caledonian
stone circle. Loudoun gave the peerage
title of baron in 1601, and that of earl in
1633, to a branch of the family of Camp-
bell. The parochial church, a Free church,
and a United Presbyterian church are in
Newmilns, and a Free church is in Darvel.
Four schools for 920 scholars are in the
parish, and 2 of them and an enlargement
for 605 are new.

LOUESK, small hill, once a seat of
justice, in Rayne parish, Aberdeenshire.

LOUISBURGH, section of Wick town,
Caithness. Pop. 940.

LOUP, cascade of 90 feet on Endrick
river, in Fintry parish, Stirlingshire.

LOUPS, series of cascades on Melgum
rivulet, in Kingoldrum parish, Forfarshire.

LOUTHER. See Lowther.

LOVAT, hamlet, with site of ancient
fortalice, \ mile south-east of Beauly,
Inverness-shire. It gave the peerage title
of baron in 1472, attainted in 1745, and
restored in 1837, to the family of Fraser.

LOVAT-BRIDGE, bridge, built in 1810
at a cost of nearly £10,000, on Beauly
river, Inverness-shire.

LOVAT - WESTER, landing-place on
Beauly Firth, in Kirkhill parish, Inverness-
shire.

LOW CHURCH, parish in Paisley. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 7095 ; quoad sacra, 6122.

LOWER, seat and hill in Forfar parish,
Forfarshire.

LOW

313

LUG

LOWER, moor, with Roman camp, in
Invcrarity parish, Forfarshire.

LOWER BANTON. See Auchinmullt.

LOWER BARVAS, village in Barvas
parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 398.

LOWER BAYBLE, village in Stornoway
parish, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 431.

LOWER CABRACH, north-eastern sec-
tion of Cabrach parish, Banffshire. It
has a post office under Huntly.

LOWER LARGO. See Largo.

LOWES (LOCH OF THE), lake, about a
mile long, separated by only a low narrow
neck of land from head of St. Mary's
Loch, in Selkirkshire. A massive monu-
ment to the Ettrick Shepherd stands on a
hill near its head.

LOWLANDMANS, small bay on east side
of Jura Island, Argyleshire.

LOWLANDS, all the Scottish mainland
not included in the Highlands. It ex-
tends from south side of Moray Firth,
and from north-eastern and eastern side
of Firth of Clyde, to boundary with Eng-
land ; but, as regards configuration, it
includes extensive tracts beyond these
limits, and contains a large aggregate of
grand mountain scenery ; and it must be
understood with reference to character-
istics noted in our article Highlands.

LOWNIE, village in Dunnichen parish,
Forfarshire.

LOW ORBISTON, village in Bothwell
parish, Lanarkshire.

LOWRAN, rocky hill overlooking Loch
Ken, in Kirkcudbrightshire.

LOWS (LOCH OF THE), beautiful small
Like, lh mile east of Dunkeld, Perthshire.

LOWS WARK, strong ancient weir
across Almond river about 4 miles from
the Tay, in Perthshire.

LOWTHER, mountain, 2403 feet high,
in southern vicinity of Leadhills, Lanark-
shire. Its summit is a prominent one in
the long central range of Southern High-
lands, and occasions all that range to be
often called Lowther Mountains.

LOWTHERTOWN, village in Dornock
parish, Dumfriesshire.

LOWTIS, lofty northern offset of Criffel
Mountain, in Newabbey parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

LOW VALLEYFIELD, village in Culross
parish, Perthshire.

LOW VICTORIA, section or suburb of
Carnoustie, Forfarshire.

LOW WATERS, village in Hamilton
parish, Lanarkshire.

LOY, rivulet, running south-eastward to
upper part of Lochy river in Great Glen,
Inverness-shire.

LOYAL, lake on mutual border of
Tongue and Farr parishes, Sutherland.
It is 5 miles long, and more than a mile
wide, contains two islets, and is screened
by Benstomino, Benhiel, and Benloyal.

LOYALL, hill in Alyth parish, Perth-
shire.

LUACHRAGAN. See Lusragan.
LUAG, lake in narrow glen on west

boundary of Fowlis-Wester parish, Perth-
shire.

LUBNAIG, lake, extending 4| miles
south-south-eastward and southward to
Leny Pass in vicinity of Callander, Perth-
shire. It is nowhere more than 3| fur-
longs wide ; is flanked on the east by
Ardhullary Mountains, on the west by
Armandane and Benledi ; exhibits scenery
with some gentle features, but predomi-
nantly wild and grand ; and is skirted by
the Callander and Oban Railway, and by
places noted in Sir Walter Scott's Lady of
the Lake.

LUCE, ancient parish, now part of
Hoddam, Dumfriesshire.

LUCE, river and bay in Wigtonshire.
The river runs 16 miles south -south-east-
ward to the bay's head at lh mile south
of Glenluce village. — The bay ought to be
called a gulf ; extends southward and
south-eastward to a line between Mull of
Galloway and Boroughhead ; measures
16| miles from the head to that line, and
18^ miles along the line ; covers an area
of about 1G0 scpiare miles ; has mostly a
bluff, bold, rocky coast ; cuts the southern
half of Wigtonshire into two peninsulas,
a narrow one on the west and a broader
on the east ; and looks direct toward the
Isle of Man, commencing 18 miles south of
its mouth.

LUCE (NEW), village and parish in Wig-
tonshire. The village stands on Luce
river, 5 miles north-by-west of Glenluce,
and has a post office under Glenluce, a
railway station, Established and Baptist
churches, and a public school. Pop. 320.
— The parish measures miles by 54;, and
comprises 28,877 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £5960. Pop. 706. The surface
includes a small aggregate of low ground,
but is prevailingly moorish and roughly
tumulated.

LUCE (OLD), parish containing Glenluce
village, Wigtonshire. Its length is 10|
miles ; its greatest breadth 7^ miles ; its
area 31,596 acres. Real property in 1880-
81, £18,726. Pop. 2447. The surface is
bounded for 5 miles by Luce Bay ; in-
cludes some level lands on the coast and
on Luce river ; and is elsewhere moorish
or hilly. The chief residences are Bal-
kail, Park Place, and Genoch ; and the
chief antiquities arc ruins of Glenluce
Abbey and Synniness and Carscreuch
castles. The churches are Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian. There
are 3 schools for 500 scholars, and 2 of
them for 400 are new.

LUCKENSFORD, village in Inchinnan
parish. Renfrewshire.

LUCKLAWHILL, village in Logie parish,
Fife.

LUDE, seat on the Garry near Blair-
Athole, Perthshire.

LUFFNESS, estate in Aberlady parish,
Haddingtonshire.

LUGAR, small river and town in Kyle
district, Ayrshire. The river runs about

LUG

314

LUX

15 miles westward to the Ayr near
Barskimming ; flows ' 'mang moors and
mosses many' in its upper part, but
traverses richly picturesque scenery in its
middle and lower parts ; and is crossed
near Cumnock by a nine-arched railway
viaduct, 756 feet long and 150 feet high.
— The town stands on the river, 2f miles
east of Auchinleck, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Cumnock, a railway station,
ironworks, and a chapel - of - ease. Pop.
1353.

LUGGAN. See Laggan.

LUGGATE, rivulet, running about 7
miles eastward to the Gala at a mile
south of Stow, Edinburghshire.

LUGGIE, rivulet, running about 11 miles,
chiefly west-north-westward, to the Kelvin
in vicinity of Kirkintilloch, Dumbarton-
shire.

LUGGIE, upper part of Ballencrieff
river, Linlithgowshire.

LUGTON, village in Dalkeith parish,
Edinburghshire.

LUGTON, rivulet, running about 14 miles
south-south-westward to the Garnock at
2 miles north-north-west of Irvine, Ayr-
shire.

LUGTON, railway station, at deflection
of Beith branch from Kilmarnock-Direct,
in Dunlop parish, Ayrshire.

LUI, stream, descending from Ben-
macdhu to the Dee at about 3 miles below
Linn of Dee, Aberdeenshire.

LUIB, place in Glendochart, 22 miles by
railway north-north- west of Callander,
Perthshire. It has a post office designated
of Perthshire, a railway station, and an
inn.

LUIB, bridge on the Don in Strath don
parish, Aberdeenshire.

LUICHART, lake, 6 miles long and
mostly about \ mile wide, in Contin
parish, Ross-shire.

LUIN, lake at head of Glenmoriston,
Inverness-shire.

LUINA, historical lake, now called Loch
Avich, Argyleshire.

LUING, the south-western one of the
Slate Islands, at south end of Firth of Lorn,
Argyleshire. It is separated by narrow
straits from Seil and Shuna ; is distant
only Lj mile from Loch Melford ; measures
6 miles in length and mostly about a mile
or less in breadth ; consists of low land
incumbent on fissile slate ; and contains
Toberonochy, Millbuy, and Colipole
villages, and a model farm. Pop. 521.

LUIRBOST, place, with Free church 6
miles south-west of Stornoway, Outer
Hebrides.

LUKE (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in New
Town, Edinburgh. Pop. 1945.

LUKE (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in east of
Glasgow. Pop. 6945.

LUKE (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Dundee. Pop. 3716.

LUMBISTER, dale in Yell Island,

Shetland.

LUMPHANAN, hamlet and parish in
south-west of Aberdeenshire. The hamlet
lies 27 miles west of Aberdeen, and has
a post office under Aberdeen, a railway
station, a banking office, Established and
Free churches, and a large public school.
— The parish measures 6 miles by 4, and
comprises 8754 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £5912. Pop. 1130. The south
end is bounded by the Dee ; and the north
end, to the extent of about 2 miles, is
within the basin of the Don. Part of the
surface is valley land, and part consists of
flanking hills. Chief seats are Glenmillan
and Findrack; and chief antiquities are
cairns associated with the last bat tie and the
death of Macbeth. There are 2 schools for
223 scholars, and 1 of them for 200 is new.

LUMPHINANS, village in Ballingry
parish, Fife. It has a public school with
about 194 scholars. Pop. 440.

LUMSDANE, bay between Fast Castle
and St. Abb's Head, Berwickshire.

LUMSDEN, village, 8 miles south-south-
west of Gartly railway station, Aberdeen-
shire. It has a post office under Aber-
deen, a banking office, a hotel, Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian churches,
and a public school with about 230
scholars. Pop. 519.

LUMSDEN, ancient manor in Colding-
ham parish, Berwickshire.

LUNAC, rivulet in Rothiemurchus
parish, Inverness-shire.

LUNAN, river, bay, and parish in east of
Forfarshire. The river rises in eastern
vicinity of Forfar, traverses Rescobie and
Balgavies lakes, and runs altogether 13
miles eastward to the bay's head. — The
bay has a half-moon outline, measures 5
miles round the semicircle, and has a
bold rocky coast at each extremity, and a
low sandy beach over the intermediate
distance. — The parish is bounded on the
south by the river, on the east by the
northern part of the bay ; lies adjacent
to Chance Inn, with post office designated
of Forfarshire ; and measures 2| miles in <
length, and 1910 acres in area. Real
property in 1880-81, £5031. Pop. 243.
The coast goes 1^ mile northward to
Buckieden, and the interior rises north-
ward to an extreme height of about 400
feet. The only mansion is Lunan House ;
and the chief antiquities are knaps,
formerly used as beacon posts. The public
school has about 75 scholars.

LUNAN, rivulet, running eastward from
and through the lakes of Caputh and
Clunie to the Isla, 2 miles east of Meik-
leour, Perthshire.

LUNANHEAD, village adjacent to source
of Lunan river in eastern vicinity of
Forfar. It has a public school with about
112 scholars.

LUNASTING, ancient parish, now united
to Nesting, in Shetland. It has a church
and a public school.

LUN

315

LYN

LUNCARTY, village and ancient parish
in Strathmore, Perthshire. The village
stands near the Tay, 4 miles north of
Perth, and has a railway station and an
extensive bleachfield. — The parish now
forms part of Redgorton, was the scene of
a famous victory over the Danes about
the year 990, and contained till a recent
period many small tumuli commemorative
of that event.

LUNDERSTON, small bay about a mile
north-by-west of Innerkip, Renfrewshire.

LUNDIE, village and parish on south-
west border of Forfarshire. The village
stands 9 miles north-west of Dundee, and
has a post office under Dundee, a parochial
church, and a public school with about 68
scholars. — The parish measures 3 miles
by 2, and comprises 4188 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £4428. Pop. 317.
The surface includes part of the Sidlaw
Hills, and is elsewhere a finely undulated
tract,' with mean elevation of about 550
feet above sea-level, diversified by four
lakes. Fowlis-Easter parish in Perthshire
is annexed to Lundie.

LUNDIE, hill in upper part of Strickath-
row parish, Forfarshire.

LUNDIE, lake and lefty hill in Golspie
parish, Sutherland.

LUNDIN, modern mansion, united to
ancient tower, about a mile west-by-north
of Lower Largo, Fife.

LUNDIN LINKS, railway station, 1 mile
west of Lower Largo, Fife.

LUNDIN-MILL, village adjacent to
Lundin Links railway station, Fife. It
has a public school with about 111
scholars. Pop. 386.

LUNGA, island a little north of Scarba
and west of Luing islands, Axgyleshire.
It measures about 2h miles by f , and
consists of an irregular hill-ridge with
maximum height of nearly 1000 feet.
Pop. 17.

LUNGA, one of the Treshinish Isles, off
west coast of Mull, Argyleshire.

LUNNA, seat, 8 miles north-by-east of
Nesting church, Shetland.

LUNNAFIRTH, sea-belt between north
end of Nesting parish and south end of
Yell Island, Shetland.

LUNNASTING. See Lunasting.

LURDENLAW, section of Sprouston
parish, Roxburghshire.

LURG, hill, 1028 feet high, in north of
Grange parish, Banffshire.

LURG, place, with considerable wealth
of lead-ore, in Glendubh, Morvern parish,
Argyleshire.

LURG, place, with vestige of ancient
chapel, in New Kilpatrick parish, Dum-
bartonshire.

LURGAN, lake, 8 miles north of Ulla-
pool, Ross-shire.

LURGIE, rising-ground, with basaltic
colonnade, in Stitchel parish, Roxburgh-
shire.

LURKY-PATIESTHORN, lake in Parton
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

LUSCAR, seat in Carnock parish, Fife.

LUSRAGAN, stream, running northward
to the sea in Muckairn parish, Argyle-
shire.

LUSS, village and parish in Dumbarton-
shire. The village stands at mouth of
rivulet of its own name on west side of
Loch Lomond, 9 miles north-north-east of
Helensburgh, and has a post office desig-
nated of Dumbartonshire, a pier, an inn,
Established and Free churches, and a
public school with about 76 scholars. — The
parish includes a number of the Loch
Lomond islands ; measures lOf miles in
length, and, inclusive of the islands, 6|
miles in greatest breadth ; and comprises
24,206 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£6416. Pop. 719. The surface includes
a considerable flat tract in the south-east,
and is elsewhere mainly mountainous, with
intersecting glens. Luss glen bisects the
northern half, descends 5J miles eastward
to the village, contains and adjoins slate
quarries ; and is overhung, on the north
side, by mountains 2108, 2149, and 2302
feet high ; at the head, by mountains
2244 and 2328 feet high ; on the south
side, by mountains 2338, 2149, and 2158
feet high. The only mansion is Sir
James Colquhoun's seat of Rossdhu, and
the chief antiquities are a cairn and traces
of an ancient fort.

LUSSA, rivulet, running 6 miles east-
ward to Loch Spelvie, in Mull Island,
Argyleshire.

LUSSETTER, headland near middle of
east side of Yell Island, Shetland.

LUTHER, rivulet, running 5 miles south-
ward and 6 miles south-westward to the
North Esk at 1^ mile west-by-north of
Marykirk village, Kincardineshire.

LUTHERMUIR, village in Marykirk
parish, Kincardineshire. It has a post
office under Laurencekirk. Pop. 383.

LUTHRIE, village, 4| miles north-north-
west of Cupar, Fife. It has a post office
under Cupar.

LYBSTER, village on the coast, 13 miles
soufch-west of Wick, Caithness. It has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Wick, 2 banking
offices, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 214 scholars.
Pop. 828. Lybster House is in the vicinity.

LYDIAMILL, place on the Eden, in
Dairsie parish, Fife.

LYDOCH, lake on Rannoch moor near
meeting-point of Perthshire, Argyleshire,
and Inverness-shire. It is 7 miles long,
and about a mile broad, and it lies amid
a dismal tract of bog, heath, and rock.

LYLESLAND, southern suburb of Paisley,
Renfrewshire.

LYMYCLEUCH, burn, running to the
Teviot in Teviothead parish, Roxburgh-
shire.

LYNCHAT, hamlet in Alvie parish, In-
V6rn6ss-sliix6

LYNDEMUS, hill in Flisk parish, Fife.
LYNE, railway station, river, and parish

LYN

31G

MAC

in Peeblesshire. The station stands ad-
jacent to the river, 3 miles west of Peebles.
— The river runs about 17 miles south-south-
eastward from the Pentlands to the Tweed
in vicinity of the station. — The parish is
bounded on the south-west by the river,
extends northward from vicinity of the
station, measures about 3| miles by 2f,
and is united to Megget, lying detached
from 8 to 13^ miles to the south. The
post town is Stobu. The area of Lyne
and Megget is 17,227 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £5248. Pop. 204. Lyne in-
cludes a strip of low ground along the
river, but is mostly upland ; and it con-
ains, adjacent to the river, vestiges of a
Roman camp of 6 acres in extent. Megget
will be separately noticed. A public school
in Lyne has about 55 scholars.

LYNE, or SPITAL, bum traversing Dun-
fermline parish, passing Dunfermline town,
and entering the Forth at Charleston, Fife.

LYNED.ALE, seat in Duirinish parish,
Isle of Skye.

LYNEDQCH, mansion on Almond river,

miles north-west of Perth. It was the
seat of General Graham, Lord Lynedoch,
the hero of Barossa ; and it is near the
grave of the song-celebrated 'Bessie Bell
and Mary Grey.'

LYNEGAR, estate in "YVatten parish,
Caithness.

LYNEMORE, fine cascade on Torgarrow
burn, in Ardclach parish, Nairnshire.

LYNTURK, estate, deep dell, and burn
with fine cascade, at south-eastern ex-
tremity of Leochel parish, Aberdeenshire.

LYNWILG, hamlet in Alvie parish, In-
verness-shire. It has a post office under
Aviemore, and an inn.

LYOLL. See Loyal.

LYON, lake and river in Breadalbane,
Perthshire. The lake is an expansion of
the uppermost reach of the river, 2 miles
long. — The river rises adjacent to the
boundary with Argyleshire, at 4J miles
north-north-east of Tyndrum ; runs pre-
vailingly east-north-eastward along Glen-
lyon ; makes two considerable cascades
at Sputbaan and Moar ; has a total run of
rd)out 32 miles ; and falls into the Tay at
miles north-east of Kenmore. See
Glenlyon and Fortingal.

LYTH, estate in Bower parish, Caith-
ness.

MAAM-RATTACHAN, alpine pass, open-
ing on magnificent view, on mutual border
of Glenelg, Inverness-shire, and Glenshiel,
Ross-shire.

MAAMSOUL, alpine mountain, 3862
feet high, with very imposing view, on
north side of Loch Beneveian, in Strath-
affrick, Inverness-shire.

MAAR, burn, traversing grounds of
Drumlanrig Castle, and entering the Nith
at 2 miles north-north-west of Thornhill,
Dumfriesshire.

MABEARY, or MABBERY, lake on

mutual border of Wigtonshire and Ayr-
shire, IOts- miles north-west of Newton-
Stewart. Several islets are in it, and one
of them has remains of a large castle.

MACALISTER, bay on east coast of Mull
Island, Argyleshire.

MACALLAN, ancient parish, now part
of Knockando, Elginshire.

MACANREE, small lake in Port- of -
Monteith parish, Perthshire.

MACARTHUR, headland on Islay coast
at south-east entrance of Islay Sound,
Argyleshire. It is crowned by a light-
house with fixed light visible at the
distance of 17 nautical miles.

MACBETH' S CASTLE, circular mound,
about 230 feet in diameter, with moat 30
feet wide, at Cairnbeddie, in St. Martin's
parish, Perthshire.

MACBETHS CASTLE, site of strong
fortress, believed to have been erected by
Macbeth, on Dunsinnan Hill, 3f miles
east of Cairnbeddie, Perthshire.

MACBETH'S CASTLE, traces of large
bi-concentric fortification, in Broughton
parish, Peeblesshire.

MACBETH'S CASTLE, vestige of what
seems to have been ancient Caledonian
structure, in Manor parish, Peebles-shire.

MACBIEHILL, railway station and seat
in north of Peeblesshire, 21f miles south-
by- west of Edinburgh.

MACCASKIN, island in Kilmartin parish,
Argyleshire.

MACDUFF, seaport town on right side
of mouth of Deveron river, fully a mile
east of Banff. It is included in Banff
parliamentary burgh, but has separate
local jurisdiction ; it all dates from times
subsequent to 1732, but was preceded by a
fishing hamlet ; it occupies uneven ground
contiguous to irregular sea-cliffs, and pre-
sents a romantic contour ; it comprises a
number of well-built streets, and under-
went much recent extension and improve-
ment ; it conducts extensive commerce,
and x^ossesses one of the best harbours on
the Moray Firth, enlarged and greatly im-
proved in 1877 ; and it has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Banffshire, a railway
sta/tion, 2 banking offices, a hotel, a town
hall, a quoad sacra parochial church, Free
and Congregational churches, and a new
public school with capacity for 700 scholars.
Pop. of quoad sacra parish, 4095.

MACDUFF CASTLE, ruined strong
fortalice, said to have been built by
Macduff, on the coast, 3| miles north-
north-east of Dysart, Fife.

MACDUFF'S CAVE, cave, said to have
been retreat of Macduff when hiding from
Macbeth, on Kincraig promontory, 1| mile
west of Elie, Fife.

MACDUFF'S CROSS, rudely indented
large block of sandstone, long possessing
sanctuary privilege for persons of clan
Macduff, about a mile south of Newburgh,
Fife.

MACFADYEN'S CAVE, historical cave in

MAC

317

MAD

face of crag in Pass of Awe, Argyle-
shire.

MACHAIG, beautiful small lake, 3J
miles north of Doune, Perthshire.

MACHAN and MACHANSHIRE, ancient
chapelry and district, now forming Dalserf
parish, Lanarkshire.

MACHAR, south - western section of
Harris, Outer Hebrides.

MACHAR-MIANACH, large sandy tract
near northern extremity of South Uist,
Outer Hebrides.

MACHAR (NEW), parish extending 8
miles south-south-eastward to the Don at
4 miles north-north-west of Aberdeen.
Its post town is Aberdeen. Its northern
part is a detached section of Banffshire ;
its other parts belong to Aberdeenshire ;
and all are comparatively narrow. Acres
in Banffshire, 20S7 ; in Aberdeenshire,
6915. Peal property in 1880-81, £1944
and £7828. Pop. 238 and 1267. The
land is somewhat level, but considerably
diversified by hills. The seats are Park-
hill, Straloch, and Elrick ; and the chief
antiquity is the isleted site of an early
residence of the bishops of Aberdeen. The
churches are Established and Free. There
are 4 schools for 368 scholars, and 2 of
them and an enlargement for 185 are new.

MACHAR (OLD), parish containing Old
Aberdeen, and much of the city and most
of the suburbs of Aberdeen. It is bounded
on the south by the Dee, and traversed
through the centre by the Don. Its
length is about 1\ miles ; its greatest
breadth about 4 miles ; its area within
Aberdeen parliamentary burgh, or all of it
between the Dee and the Don, 5115 acres ;
its area landward, or all of it north of the
Don, 7028 acres. Real property of the
landward part in 1880-81, £13,491. Pop.
of the whole, quoad civilia, 56,002 ; quoad
sacra, 8388. The surface rises slowly
from the sea, and is beautifully diversified
by rising-grounds. Chief features are 5
miles of beach, steep banks and winding-
course of the Don, a large aggregate of
wood and other artificial ornature, and
numerous manufactories and villages ;
and chief residences are Grandholm,
Scotstown, Denmore, Balgounie, Hillton,
Powis, Cornhill, Seaton, Woodside, and
many villas. The parochial church is the
quondam cathedral in Old Aberdeen ; and
there are 7 other Established churches,
and a correlative number of Free and
other churches. Sixteen schools for 2922
scholars are outside Aberdeen burgh, and
6 of them for 1590 are new. See
Aberdeen.

MACHERMORE, seat in Minnigaff parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

MACHERS, territorial division between
Moors and Phinns, chiefly large peninsula
between Wigton Bay and Luce Bay, Wig-
tonshire.

MACHIRHANISH, bay on the Atlantic,
4 miles west of Campbelton, Argyleshire.
MACHONY, or MADRANY, rivulet,

running about 9 miles eastward to the
Earn near Kinkell, Perthshire.

MACHRIE, rivulet and bay at middle
of west side of Arran Island, Buteshire.

MACHRIRIOCH, small bay in Southend
parish, Kintyre, Argyleshire.

MACHRY, bay adjacent to Kilchoman
church, on west coast of Islay Island,
Argyleshire.

MACHRYKILL, place, with vestiges of
ancient church, in Dailly parish, Ayrshire.

MACKINNON'S CAVE, vast cavern in
Gribon promontory, on west side of Mull
Island, Argyleshire.

MACKINTOSH, estate, with small re-
mains of ancient castle, in Daviot parish,
Inverness-shire.

MACKISTON. See Maxton.

MACLACHLAN. See Stralachlan.

MACLARTY, islet in Craignish parish,
Argyleshire.

MACLEAN'S CROSS, prominent one of
ancient monuments in Iona, Argyleshire.

MACLEOD, quoad sacra parish in Glas-
gow. Pop. 7761.

MACLEOD'S CASTLE, fragment of strong
old fortalice on beach adjacent to Storno-
way, Outer Hebrides.

MACLEOD'S MAIDENS, three lofty ver-
tical basaltic columns on north side of
mouth of Loch Bracadale, Isle of Skye.

MACLEOD'S TABLES, two broad tabular
hills, 1527 and 1583 feet high, in western
peninsula of Duirinish parish, Isle of Skye.

MACMERRY, village in Gladsmuir par-
ish, Haddingtonshire. It has a post office
designated of Haddingtonshire, a terminal
railway station, and ironworks. Pop. 141.

MACNIVEN, islet in Craignish parish,
Argyleshire.

MADDERTY, village and parish in
Strathearn, Perthshire. The village
stands 6^ miles east of Crieff, and has
a post office under Crieff, a railway
station, Established and Free churches,
and a public school. — The parish contains
also St. David and Bellyclone, measures
about 5f miles by 3^, and comprises 4801
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £6477.
Pop. 527. The land is low and flat. The
seats are Dollary and "Woodend, and a
prominent antiquity is the ruined abbey
of Inchaffray.

MADDISTON, village in Muiravonside
parish, Stirlingshire. It has a post office
under Linlithgow.

MADDY, large bog, occasionally dis-
charging a muddy torrent, in Dollar
parish, Clackmannanshire.

MADDY, Outer Hebrides. See LOCH-

MADDY.

MADOES (ST.), small parish in Carse
of Gowrie, Perthshire. It is bounded
on the south by the Tay ; it contains
two hamlets and a pier ; it adjoins Glen-
carse, with post office under Perth ;
and it comprises 1160 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £5433. Pop. 316. The
land is nearly flat. Pitfour Castle, the
seat of Sir John S. Richardson, Bart., is

MAD

318

MAL

the only mansion ; and a Caledonian stone
circle, a beautiful Runic monument in the
churchyard, and a stone historically asso-
ciated with the battle of Luncarty, are
the antiquities. The church contains 410
sittings, and the public school has about
37 scholars.

MADRANY. See Machony.

MAEDIE, lake, 3 miles long, at head of
Strathnaver, Sutherland.

MAGBIEHILL. See Macbiehill.

MAGDALENE-BRIDGE, hamlet about a
mile west of Musselburgh, Edinburghshire.

MAGGIEKNOCKATER, hamlet in Boharm
parish, Elginshire. It has a ]30st office
under Craigellachie, and a public school
with about 77 scholars.

MAGNUS (ST.), cathedral in Kirkwall,
Orkney.

MAGNUS (ST.), large bay on west coast
of Shetland. It measures &| miles across
the entrance, strikes 14| miles thence to
the east, expands to a width of 11 miles in
middle, and breaks into a number of voes
or minor bays around the head. Papa
Stour Island lies in the south side of its
mouth, Meikle Roe Island in the south-
east of its wider part, and a number of
lesser islands in other parts.

MAGUS MOOR, scene of the murder of
Archbishop Sharpe, 3^ miles west of St.
Andrews, Fife. It was literally a moor,
but has been subjected to the plough.

MAICH, moorland stream, running
south-eastward to head of Kilbirnie Loch,
in Ayrshire.

MAIDEN BOWER, curious cavity on hill-
crag, 1^ mile south-south-east of Dumfries.

MAIDEN CASTLE, round hill, with ves-
tiges of ancient fortifications, in south-
western vicinity of Kennoway, Fife.

MAIDEN CASTLE, vestige of ancient
fort in Collessie parish, Fife.

MAIDEN CASTLE, extinct ancient fort on
the North Esk, in Roslin parish, Edinburgh-
shire.

MAIDEN CASTLE, large romantic cavern
in coast cliff near Auchmithie, Forfarshire.

MAIDEN CAUSEWAY, ancient stone-
paved road from Bennochie into Pitodrie
woods, Aberdeenshire.

MAIDENKIRK. See Kirkmaiden.

MAIDEN-PAP, hill, 1229 feet high^ 6|
miles north-north- west of Berriedale, Caith-
ness.

MAIDEN-PAPS, conical mountain, 1677
feet high, 8 miles south of Hawick, Rox-
burghshire.

MAIDENS, village in Kirkoswald parish,
Ayrshire.

MAIDEN'S BREAST, mountain peak in
north of Arran Island, Buteshire.

MAIDEN-SKERRY, inaccessible insulated
rock on north side of St. Magnus Bay,
Shetland.

MAIDEN - STONE, huge block, with
curious hieroglyphics, near Chapel - of-
Garioch church, Aberdeenshire.

MAIN, head-stream of Luce river, Wig-
tonshire.

MAINLAND OF ORKNEY. See Pomona.

MAINLAND OF SHETLAND, largest of
the Shetland Islands. It comprehends
about one - half of their area ; extends
nearly due north from Sumburgh Head ;
measures about 56 miles in length, and
from a few yards to 20J miles in breadth ;
and is so abundantly and deeply intersected
by sea-inlets as to be practically a series of
peninsulas.

MAINS, parish, comprising Mains-pro-
per and Strathmartine, and containing
Claverhouse, Baldovan, and Kirkton vil-
lages, in northern vicinity of Dundee. Its
length is 5| miles ; its greatest breadth 3J
miles ; its area 6301 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £27,363. Pop. 3490. The
surface is part of the strath of Dighty
river, flanked by fertile low hills. Sandstone
is largely quarried, and textile manufac-
ture is extensively carried on. The seats
are Baldovan, Balmuir, and Strathmar-
tine ; and a notable object is a monu-
mental structure on site of extinct man-
sion of Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount
Dundee. The churches are Established
and Free ; and there are 5 schools with
capacity for 420 scholars.

MAINS, flag-stone quarry in Carmylie
parish, Forfarshire.

MAINS, ruined baronial castle in East
Kilbride parish, Lanarkshire.

MAINS, remnant of strong baronial
fortalice in Daviot parish, Inverness-
shire.

MAINS, seat in Chirnside parish, Ber-
wickshire.

MAINS, estate in New Kilpatrick parish,
Dumbartonshire.

MAINS, hamlet in Errol parish, Perth-
shire.

MAINS, head-stream of the White Cart
in Eaglesham parish, Renfrewshire.

MAINSRIDDLE, hamlet, with United
Presbyterian church, in Colvend parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

MAISLEY, place, with lime work, in
Keith parish, Banffshire.

MAKERSTON, village and parish on
north border of Roxburghshire. The vil-
lage stands on the Tweed, 5 miles west-
south-west of Kelso, and has a post
office under Kelso, Established and Free
churches, and a XDublic school with about
66 scholars. — The parish measures 3^ miles
by 2^, and comprises 2865 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £7006. Pop. 381.
The land rises gradually from left bank
of the Tweed, and has a luxuriant appear-
ance. A chief feature is Makerston House.

MAL, bay on west coast of Durness
parish, Sutherland.

MALLENY, seat, said to have belonged
to King James VI., in Currie parish,
Edinburgh shire.

MALLERT, river, running northward to
the Naver at its efflux from Loch Naver,
in Sutherland.

MALLORE, lofty hill-range in Muckairn
parish, Argyleshire.

MAL

319

MAR

MALSACH, hill in Gartly parish, Banff-
shire.

MALTAN-WALLS, extinct structure,
with vaults and subterranean passages,
thought to have been an establishment of
the Knights of Malta, in Ancrum parish,
Roxburghshire.

MALZIE, rivulet and hamlet in Wigton-
shire. The rivulet runs about 7 miles
eastward to the Bladenoch at 4 miles west
of "VVigton ; and the hamlet lies on its
lowest reach, and has a public school with
about 77 scholars.

MAMBEG, hamlet on west side of Gare-
loch, miles north-west-by-north of

Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire.

MAMORE, district in north of Lismore
parish, Argyleshire.

MAM-RATTACHAN. See Maam-Rat-

TACHAN.

MANAR, seat and hill in Inverury parish,
Aberdeenshire.

MANBANE, one of the Central Gram-
pians, 16^ miles west-by-north of Blair-
Athole, Perthshire.

MANDERSTON, seat, 2 miles east-north-
east of Dunse, Berwickshire.

MANDROSE-YETTS, hill-pass in Glen-
devon parish, Perthshire.

MANGASTER, bay on west side of North-
maven parish, Shetland.

MANGERTON, old tower, once a strong-
hold of ' Kinmont' Willie,' on the Liddel,
1^ mile south of Newcastleton, Roxburgh-
shire.

MANIGOE, small sea-inlet in Wick par-
ish, Caithness.

MANISH, place in Harris, Outer Hebrides.
It has a post office under Stornoway.

MANNER. See Manor.

MANNOCH-HILL, upland tract in north
of Knockando parish, Elginshire.

MANNOCH HILL, place in Rothiemay
parish, Banffshire. It has a public school
with about 80 scholars.

MANNOFIELD, village, 2\ miles west-
south-west of Aberdeen. It has a post
office under Aberdeen.

MANOR, parish, with church 1\ miles
south-west of Peebles. Its post town is
Peebles. Its length is 8| miles ; its
greatest breadth 5£ miles ; its area 16,622
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £6286.
Pop. 277. The Tweed traces the northern
boundary ; and Manor rivulet, rising on
the southern border, traverses most of the
interior and the northern part of the eastern
boundary to the Tweed. The land in-
cludes two isolated hills, but is mostly a
narrow vale engirt by steep lofty hills or
mountains. Chief objects of interest are
the cottage of the 'Black Dwarf of Sir
Walter Scott's novel, the Earl of Wemyss'
seat of Barns, Hallyards House, a peel
tower, an ancient obelisk, five ancient
camps, and two Caledonian remains. The
public school has capacity for 59 scholars.

MANOR, seat on the Don, 3 miles west
of Inverury, Aberdeenshire.

MANOR, small promontory, with ves-

tiges of strong ancient castle, south-west
of mouth of Kirkcudbright Bay, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

MANOR, vestiges of Roman causeway
across the Forth, and site of neighbour-
ing Roman fort, in vicinity of Stirling.

MANQUHILL, farm, with remains of
ancient noble castle, in Dairy parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

MANSFIELD, village and seat of Sir
James S. Menteith, Bart., in eastern
vicinity of New Cumnock, Ayrshire.

MANSLAUGHTER, one of the Lammer-
moor Hills, with tumulus, in Cranshaws
parish, Berwickshire.

MANUEL, railway station and neigh-
bouring remains of ancient priory, 2 mUes
west of Linlithgow.

MANXMANS, eastern offset or section of
Kirkcudbright Bay, Kirkcudbrightshire.

MAR, ancient district, chiefly between
the Dee and the Don, in south-west of
Aberdeenshire. It is divided into Brae-
mar, Midmar, and Cromar ; and it gives
the title of earl to the family of Erskine.

MAR, Dumfriesshire. See Maar.

MARCH, ancient territory, now called
Merse, in Berwickshire. It gives the title
of earl, dating from 1697, to the Earl of
Wemyss.

MARCH, burn, running to Medwin
river, Lanarkshire.

MARCHFARM, hamlet in Kirkinner
parish, Wigtonshire.

MARCHFIELD, extinct spa in Barnton
grounds, Cramond parish, Edinburghshire.

MARCH-GILL, ravine, traversed by
rivulet, on mutual border of Lanark
and Carluke parishes, Lanarkshire.

MARCHMONT, estate, with railway
station, 3| miles north-east of Greenlaw,
Berwickshire. It gave the title of earl
from 1697 till 1794 to the family of Home.
Marchmont House on it was erected by
the last earl, and is now the seat of Sir
Hugh H. Campbell, Bart.

MAREE, lake, extending 18 miles north-
westward from Kinlochewe to within 3
miles of Poole we, in west of Ross-shire.
It competes with Loch Lomond the claim
of being the grandest lake in Scotland;
it possesses some resemblances to that
lake, yet differs widely from it ; and it
has, in late years, acquired enthusiastic
celebrity entirely from the force of its
own intrinsic character. It varies in
width from \ mile to 1\ miles, and is
widest at the middle ; and, for the most
part, has a depth of about 360 feet. Its
cincture is mostly an intricate series of
little rocky bays and little bold head-
lands ; its north-east side is flanked by a
mountain-range rising from its edge in
cliffs, ascending into shattered shoulders,
and terminating in a curved alpine sum-
mit ; its south-west side is mostly over-
hung by an upland amphitheatre, in series
of ranges, with great diversity of breaks
and peaks, away to a lofty picturesque
sky dine ; and the foot, to the extent- of

MAR

320

MAR

about 1\ miles, is a narrow strip, so
bordered and overhung by crags and
pinnacles as to present considerable re-
semblance to the Trossachs. Twenty-four
low rocky islets are in its central part ;
and one of them, called Ellan-Maree, had
successively a Culdee cell and a Romish
chapel, and retains a curious ancient
burying-ground. Loch Maree Hotel was
erected in 1872, stands at Talladale, com-
mands a splendid view of the lake, and
was occupied for several days in Septem-
ber 1877 by Queen Victoria.

MARES, land-locked bay in Loch Sea-
forth, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

MARESTONE, hamlet in Rescobie par-
ish, Forfarshire.

MARGARET'S HOPE (ST.), sheltered bay
on west side of North Queensferry penin-
sula, Fife. It gives refuge to ships during
adverse winds from the east.

MARGARET'S HOPE (ST.), small bay and
village in north of South Ronaldshay
Island, Orkney. The bay is a first-rate
harbour for small vessels, and the village
stands at its head, and has a post office,
with money order department, under Kirk-
wall, and a good inn. Pop. 403.

MARK, head-stream of the North Esk
in Lochlee parish, Forfarshire.

MARKHOUSE, seat in Tannadice parish,
Forfarshire.

MARKIE, rivulet, running eastward to
the D ever on at 6^ miles west of Huntly,
Aberdeenshire.

MARKIE, upland affluent of the Spey
in Laggan parish, Inverness-shire.

MARKINCH, town and parish in south
centre of Fife. The town stands on a
gentle eminence, once engirt by a lake, 7
miles north-by-east of Kirkcaldy ; dates
from the Culdee times, but presents a
modern appearance ; and has a head post
office with money order and telegraph de-
partments, a railway station, a banking
officej a good inn, waterworks, Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian churches,
and a new public school with accommoda-
tion for 300 scholars. Pop. 1273.— The
parish contains also Milton, Coalton,
Auchmuty, Balbirnie, Windygates, Thorn-
ton, Cameron-Bridge, Inverleven, Wood-
side, Balcurvie, Haughmill, and Burns
villages, and part of Star ; and it is deeply
indented by tbe parish of Kennoway. Its
length is about 6 miles ; its greatest
breadth 5 miles ; its area 9821 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £30,153. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 5863 ; quoad sacra, 3129.
The surface slopes gently toward the south
and the east, but is intersected by four
valleys with flanking ridges of low hills.
Coal and ironstone abound, and various
manufactures are carried on. Interesting
ancient residences are Balfour and Bal-
gonie castles ; chief modern seats are
Balbirnie and Kirkforthar ; and principal
antiquities are a cross adjacent to the
town, artificial terraces, supposed to be
Roman, eastward of the cross, and Maiden

Castle on the eastern border. Established
churches are at Milton and Thornton.
Seven schools for 1052 scholars are in the
parish, and 3 of them and 2 enlargements
for 657 are new.

MARKLAND. See Merkland.

MARKLE, farm, with ruined old church,
in Prestonkirk parish, Haddingtonshire.

MARK (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in Glasgow.
Pop. 18,002.

MARLAGE, coal-field in Dalserf parish,
Lanarkshire.

MARLEE, lake, seat, and inn in Stor-
mont, Perthshire.

MARLEFIELD, seat in Eckford parish,
Roxburghshire.

MAR LODGE, a seat of the Earl of Fife,
2 miles west- south-west of Castleton-Brae-
mar, Aberdeenshire.

MARNOCH, parish, containing Aber-
chirder town, in north-east of Banffshire.
Its length is about 8 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 5 miles ; its area 14,954 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £13,854. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 3230 ; quoad sacra, 3141 .
The Deveron runs in serpentine folds along
the southern and south-eastern boundaries.
The land adjacent to that river is all
fertile, and includes some rich haugh ;
and that in the centre and the north is
diversified by vales, hollows, rising-
grounds, and hills. The chief residences
are Auchintoul, Cluny, Netherdale, and
Ardmellie ; and the chief antiquities are
Kinardy and Crombie castles. The
churches are two Established and four
respectively Free, United Presbyterian,
Episcopalian, and Roman Catholic. There
are 3 schools for 670 scholars, and 1 of them
and an enlargement for 430 are new.

MARNOCK (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Kilmarnock. Pop. 3487.

MARR. See Mar.

MARREL, suburb or section of Helms-
dale, Sutherland.

MARSCO, one of the Cuchullin Moun-
tains in Isle of Skye.

MARSH, seat in Canonbie parish, Dum-
friesshire.

MARSON, farm, with site of ancient
chapel, in Roseneath parish, Dumbarton-
shire.

MARTIN, island, 4 miles north-north-
west of Ullapool, Ross-shire. Pop. 42.

MARTINHAM, lake in Dalrymple and
Coylton parishes, Ayrshire. A wooded
islet is in it, and has ruins of an ancient
mansion.

MARTIN (ST.), parish, averagely 5
miles north-north-east of Perth. It con-
tains Guildtown and Caroline-Place vil-
lages, and its post town is Perth. Its length
is 5f miles ; its greatest breadth i\ miles ;
its area 6565 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £8953. Pop. 741. The surface
rises eastward from left bank of the
Tay, attains considerable elevation, and
has much diversity of contour. A chief
residence is St. Martin's House, and chief

MAR

321

MAR

antiquities are Macbeth's Castle, vestiges
of a Roman road, and remains of several
Caledonian stone circles. The church is
a handsome edifice of 1842. There are 2
public schools with about 98 scholars.

MARTIN (ST.), ancient parish, now part
of Eesolis, Ross-shire.

MARTIN (ST.), ruined ancient chapel in
Nungate suburb, Haddington.

MARTIN (ST.), extinct ancient church
in Wick parish. Caithness.

MARTIN'S STONE, ancient standing-
stone, the subject of a curious legend, in
Strathmartine parish, Forfarshire.

MARTLE, hamlet, i\ miles north-east
of Haddington.

MARTLE, lake, 4 miles south-by-east of
Barrhill, Ayrshire.

MARTYRS, quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in north-
east of Glasgow. Pop. 6491.

MARTYRS, quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in Paisley.
Pop. 9464.

MARTYRS, bay in Iona Island, Argyle-
shire.

MARYBANK, place in Urray parish,
Ross-shire. It has a public school with
about 112 scholars.

MARYBURGH, village, If mile south of
Dingwall, Ross-shire. It has a post office
under Dingwall, a Free church, and a public
school with about 153 scholars. Pop. 420.

MARYBURGH, hamlet, 4 miles south of
Kinross, Kinross-shire.

MARYBURGH, Inverness - shire. See
Fort-William.

MARYCULTER, parish in north border of
Kincardineshire, averagely 7 miles west-
south-west of Aberdeen. It has a post
office under Aberdeen, and it contains
Blairs Roman Catholic College. Its
length is 5| miles ; its greatest breadth
2f miles ; its area 7781 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £7338. Pop. 1072.
The river Dee traces all the northern
boundary. The land adjacent to the
river is partly low and fertile, but
southward thence is uneven and rocky,
and toward the boundaries rises into
hilly skirts of the Grampians. The seats
are Maryculter, Heathcote, Kingcausie,
and Auchlunies ; and the only antiquities
are small cairns. The churches are Estab-
lished, Free, and Roman Catholic. There
are 3 schools for 188 scholars, and 2 of
them for 120 are new.

MAR YD ALE, place, with Roman
Catholic church, near Beauly, Inverness-
shire.

MARYHILL, town and parish suburban
to Glasgow. The town stands on Kelvin
river and Forth and Clyde Canal, 3 miles
north-west of centre of Glasgow ; adjoins
a chain of canal locks, a lofty aqueduct,
and a charming reach of the Kelvin's vale ;
is near extensive new barracks for Glasgow,
and the site of a grand observatory, pro-
jected in 1880 ; carries on considerable
manufacture ; and has a post office, with

money order and telegraph departments,
under Glasgow, a railway station, 2 bank-
ing offices, 2 Established churches, Free,
United Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic
churches, a public school with about 306
scholars, and 5 other schools. Pop. 12,884.
— The parish contains also Possil Park
suburb, part of Springburn suburb, and a
north - western part of Glasgow burgh ;
and it comprises 4377 acres. Pop. 21,644.

MARYKIRK, village and parish in south
border of Kincardineshire. The village
stands near the North Esk, 6 miles north-
west of Montrose, and has a post office
under Montrose, a railway station, Estab-
lished and Free churches, and a public
school with about 149 scholars. The
parish contains also Luthermuir village,
measures about 7 miles by 6, and com-
prises 9841 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £13,421. Pop. 1431. The land is
chiefly part of How of Mearns, but includes
two low parallel hill-ridges. The seats are
Kirktonhill, Balmakewan, Inglismaldie,
Thornton, and Hatton. A United Presby-
terian church is at Muirton.

MARYKIRK, quoad sacra parish in Stir-
ling. Pop. 4568.

MARYPARK, place on south-west border
of Banffshire. It has a post office under
Ballindalloch.

MARYPORT, bay, 2| miles north-by-
west of Mull of Galloway.

MARY (ST.), parish, with Established
and Free churches, in New Town, Edin-
burgh. Pop. 7592.

MARY (ST.), central town section of
Dundee parish, Forfarshire. Pop. 40,461.

MARY (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
church in Blairgowrie, Perthshire. Pop.
3312.

MARY (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
church in Hawick, Roxburghshire. Pop.
5540.

MARY (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
church in Dumfries. Pop. 5764.

MARY (ST.), parish in Glasgow. See
Teon.

MARY'S (ST.), lake on north-west border
of Selkirkshire. It receives at the head,
across a low narrow isthmus, the effluence
of Loch of the Lowes ; has there a house
of entertainment called St. Mary's Cottage ;
extends in a curve from northerly to east-
north-east direction ; measures about 3|
miles in length, and nowhere more than 7
furlongs in width ; lies closely embraced
by smooth, verdant, lofty hills ; sends off
from its foot the river Yarrow ; and is
graphically described in well-known verses
of Sir Walter Scott.

MARY'S (ST.), charming small lake in
vicinity of Tobermory, Mull Island,
Argyle shire.

MARY'S (ST.), or MOIR, upland lake, 3
miles long, in Alness pai'ish, Ross-shire.

MARY'S HOLM (ST.), place, 7 miles
south-south-east of Kirkwall, Orkney.
It has a post office under Kirkwall.

MARY'S ISLE (ST.), peninsula, \\ mile
x

MAR

322

MAX

long, with seat of Earl of Selkirk and site
of ancient priory, in head of Kirkcudbright
Bay, Kirkcudbrightshire.

MARY'S KIRK (ST.), quondam church
on north side of St. Mary's Loch, Selkirk-
shire. It long ha d peculiar celebrity ; it
figures in many ballads and traditions ; it
ceased to be used after end of 16th century ;
and it is now represented mainly by its
burying-ground, containing the ashes of
many old notable Border men.

MARY'S WELL, notable springs in Al-
ness, Bellie, Maryton, and other parishes.

MARYTON, parish, averagely 3^ miles
west-by-south of Montrose, Forfarshire.
Its post town is Montrose. Its length is
3 miles ; its breadth mile ; its area 3562
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £6423.
Pop. 389. The surface adjoins South
Esk river and Montrose lagoon, and is
partly strath and partly low hill. The
churches are Established and Free. The
public school is partly new, and has
capacity for 116 scholars.

MARYTON, village in Kirriemuir parish,
Forfarshire.

MARYVILLE, railway station between
Broomhouse and Uddingston, in north-
west of Lanarkshire.

MARYWELL, village in St. Vigeans
parish, Forfarshire.

MASHOCKMILL, mineral tract in Carluke
parish, Lanarkshire.

MASON'S COVE, cavern in coast-cliffs
near Auchmithie, Forfarshire.

MASSAN, affluent of the Eachaig in
Dunoon parish, Argyleshire.

MASTERTON, village, H mile north-
north-west of Inverkeithing, Fife.

MATHERS, tract, with ruin on rocky
peninsula, and with site of sea-destroyed
village on coast of St. Cyrus parish,
Kincardineshire.

MATTHEW (ST.), quoad sacra parish,
with Established and Free churches, in
north side of Glasgow. Pop. 4620.

MAUCHLINE, town and parish in Kyle,
district, Ayrshire. The town stands amid
charming environs, 11J miles east-north-
east of Ayr ; was a constant resort of the
poet Burns during his residence at Moss-
giel, about a mile to the north ; retains
scenes and objects depicted in his ' Holy
Fair ; ' retains also an old edifice containing
the room in which he was married to Jean
Armour ; carries on cotton-weaving and
the manufacture of ornamental articles in
painted wood ; and has a head post office
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, a railway station, a banking office,
2 hotels, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, a large public
school, and a new educational institute.
Pop. 1616. — The parish contains also
Haugh and Auchmillan villages, measures
about 1\ miles by 4, and comprises 8907
acres. Real property in 1879-80, £15,657.
Pop. 2504. Mauchline Hill, extending
westward from vicinity of the town, rises
softly to considerable altitude, commands

a very extensive and splendid view, and
was the scene of a victory over royal
troops by the Covenanters. The rest of
the surface is mostly flat, or declines
gently to the south. A public school is at
Crosslands.

MAUCHLINE, reach of Calder river, rich
in picturesqueness and in mineral strata,
5 miles west of Hamilton, Lanarkshire.

MAUCHRY, rivulet and bay near middle
of west coast of Arran Island, Buteshire.

MAUD, village, 13 miles west of Peter-
head, Aberdeenshire. It stands near
junction of railways from Peterhead and
Fraserburgh, midway between Old Deer
and New Deer churches, and has a post
office under Aberdeen. Pop. 240.

MAUD, hill inRathven parish,Banff shire.

MAUDISTON. See Maddiston.

MAULD, place, with public school, in
Kiltarlity parish, Inverness-shire.

MAULDSLIE, barony, with splendid
seat and commanding hill, in Carluke
parish, Lanarkshire.

MAUL-ELLAN, two islets in Loch
Assynt, Sutherland.

MAULSIDE, seat near Dairy, Ayrshire.

MAUM-SOUL. See Maamsoul.

MAUNDERLEA, hill in Alvah parish,
Banffshire.

MAVISBANK, seat in Lasswade parish,
Edinburghshire.

MAVIS-GROVE, seat near the Nith, in
Troqueer parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

MAVISTOWN, sand-hills, named from
extinct fishing-village, in Auldearn parish,
Nairnshire.

MAWCARSE, railway station, 3| miles
north-north-east of Kinross.

MAXTON, village and parish on north
border of Roxburghshire. The village
stands near the Tweed, 6J miles south-
east of Melrose, was anciently a consider-
able town, is now a very small place, and
has a railway station, the shaft of an
ancient cross, a small parochial church,
and a public school with about 73 scholars.
— The parish contains also Rutherford
village, and its post town is St. Bos-
wells. Its length is 3J miles ; its greatest
breadth 2\ miles ; its area 4422 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £8591. Pop. 456.
The Tweed curves between beautiful
banks along all the northern boundary.
The land is chiefly a very gentle ascent
from the river, but includes part of
Lilliard's Edge. Chief objects of interest
are Littledean Tower and a triple-
ramparted circular camp.

MAXWELL, ancient parish on the Tweed
and the Teviot, now part of Kelso,
Roxburghshire.

MAXWELL, quoad sacra parish, on
mutual border of Lanarkshire and Ren-
frewshire, in south-western vicinity of
Glasgow. Pop. 13,133.

MAXWELLHEUGH, village, with Kelso
railway station, on right bank of the Tweed,
opposite eastern part of Kelso town, Rox-
burghshire.

MAX

323

MEA

MAXWELLTON, western suburb of Pais-
ley, Renfrewshire.

MAXWELLTON, village near East Kil-
bride town, Lanarkshire.

MAXWELLTON, seat, 3 miles east-north-
east of Minniehive, Dumfriesshire.

MAXWELLTOWN, town on eastern verge
of Kirkcudbrightshire, divided only by the
Nith from Dumfries, and included in
Dumfries parliamentary burgh. It stands
chiefly on low ground, but partly on Corbelly
Hill, and commands there a charming ex-
tensive panoramic view; it figures in history
as Bridgend, but got its present name in
1810 in honour of Mr. Maxwell of Niths-
dale ; it presents an appearance variously
old and new, dingy and fine ; it contains
Dumfries mills, and carries on woollen and
other manufactures ; and it has a post office,
with money order department, under Dum-
fries, a railway station, 2 Established
churches, a Free church, a conspicuous
Roman Catholic nunnery and church pro-
jected in 1880, an interesting observatory
and museum, and 2 public schools with
about 463 scholars. Pop. 4568. — Maxwell-
town quoad sacra parish includes only part
of the town. Pop. 2070.

MAY, island in mouth of Firth of Forth,
6 miles south-south-east of Crail, in Fife.
It measures about 1 mile by f , has a flat-
tish surface, contains ruins of an ancient
priory, and is crowned by two lighthouses
with fixed lights visible at the distance of
16 and 22 nautical miles. Pop. 10.

MAY, rivulet, running about 12 miles
northward to the Earn in vicinity of For-
teviot, Perthshire. It traverses picturesque
scenery, and makes several fine falls.

MAYBOLE, town and parish iri north-
west of Carrick, Ayrshire. The town
stands on eastern slope and skirts of broad-
based hill, 3| miles from Firth of Clyde,
and 9 south -by- west of Ayr ; presents an
appearance partly dense and antiquated,
and partly incompact and modern ; con-
tained upwards of twenty ancient mansions
of landed gentry ; retains the largest of
these in good preservation, and a number
of others in decayed condition ; contains a
ruined collegiate church of 14th century,
with burying-place of the Ailsa family ;
and has a head post office with all depart-
ments, a railway station, 2 banking offices,
a hotel, 2 Established churches, a Free
church, a United Presbyterian church of
1S80, Episcopalian and Roman Catholic
churches, and 3 public schools with about
565 scholars. Pop. 4474. — The parish
contains also Culroy, Dunure, and Fisher-
ton villages ; measures 9 miles by 5 ; and
comprises 21,993 acres. Real property in
1879-80, £39,494. Pop., quoad civilia,
662S; quoad sacra, 2935. The land is
bounded on the north-east by the lowmost
reach of river Doon, in the curvatures and
ornature most familiar to the poet Burns ;
it includes about 8ij miles of coast of Firth
of Clyde, with outline like segment of a
circle, and with strata of same kind as

those on confronting coast of Arran ; and
it contains the long high hill of Brown
Carrick, and is elsewhere a very diversi-
fied assemblage of small plains, many un-
dulations, and numerous heights. Newark
and Kilkenzie are renovated old castles ;
Greenan is a weird-like ruined old fortalice
near Heads of Ayr ; and Auchindrane,
Smithstown, Craigskean, Doonside, Dal-
duff, Garryhorne, Brochlock, Beoch, Glen-
ayas, and Sauchrie were old castles now
either extinct or represented only by
vestiges or remains. Tumuli and small
camps are numerous. An Established
church is at Fisherton. Four schools for
968 scholars are in the parish, and 3 of
them for 840 are new.

MAYBOLE (WEST), quoad sacra parish,
with church in Maybole town, Ayrshire.
Pop. 2650.

MAYEN, seat on the Deveron, in Rothie-
may parish, Banffshire.

MAYFIELD, south-eastern suburb of
Edinburgh. It stands south of Newington,
is chiefly new, and has Established and
Free churches of very recent erection.

MAYFIELD, place, with large public
school, in Carluke parish, Lanarkshire.

MAYVILLE, seat near Stevenston, Ayr-
shire.

MEADOWBANK, small north-eastern
suburb of Edinburgh. Pop. 196.

MEADOWBANK, seat in Kirknewton
parish, Edinburghshire.

MEADOWMILL, village in Tranent par-
ish, Haddingtonshire.

MEADOWS, public park in south side
of Old Town, Edinburgh.

MEAG, rivulet, running 8 miles east-
north-eastward to the Conan at Scatwell,
Ross-shire.

MEALASBHAL, mountain, 1750 feet high,
near south-western extremity of Lewis-
proper, Outer Hebrides.

MEALBUIDHE, lofty mountain in For-
tingal parish, Perthshire.

MEAL CEANDE ARG , alpine summit in
Glenshiel parish, Ross-shire.

MEALFOURVOUNIE,broad-based,round-
backed, dome-topped mountain, 3060 feet
high, on north-west side of Loch Ness, 29
miles south-west of Inverness. It com-
mands a very grand extensive view, and
is a landmark for navigation over most of
Moray Firth.

MEALGIRDY, mountain, 3407 feet high,
on south flank of Glenlyon, Perthshire.

MEALHORN, mountain in north of Dur-
ness parish, Sutherland.

MEALHORN, mountain in Edderachyllis
parish, Sutherland.

MEALISTA, island in Uig parish, Lewis,
Outer Hebrides.

MEALLANEUION, summit of Benclybric,
Sutherland.

MEALMEADHONOCH, mountain in north
of Durness parish, Sutherland.

ME AL-N AN-TIGHE ARN AN , mountain on
east flank of Loch Awe, Argyleshire.

MEALNAZOW, mountain, 2638 feet

MEA

324

ME I

high, on south flank of Glenlyon, Perth-
shire.

MEALPHUIL, mountain, 2882 feet high,
on north flank of Glenlyon, Perthshire.

MEARNS, county between Aberdeen-
shire and Forfarshire. See Kincardine-
shire.

MEARNS, parish, containing Newton-
Mearns village and part of Busby town,
in south-east of Renfrewshire. Its length
is 7-§ miles ; its greatest breadth 3g miles ;
its area 10,281 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £24,946. Pop. 3965. The sur-
face rises gradually from north-east to
south-west, is mostly diversified with
rising-grounds and small green hills, and
includes, in the north-west, a considerable
extent of moor. Chief seats are Upper
Pollock, Capelrig, Southfield, and Green-
bank ; and the chief antiquity is Mearns
Castle, a well-preserved ancient tower,
once the principal seat of the Earls of
Nithsdale. The churches, including those
in Busby, are Established, Free, and 2
"United Presbyterian. There were formerly
6 schools for 467 scholars, and there are
now, in lieu of these, 2 new ones for 815.

MEARNS, hill, crowned with artificial
cave, in Kirriemuir parish, Forfarshire.

MEATHIE, ancient parish, now united
to Inverarity, Forfarshire.

MEDAN'S (ST.), cave in Kirkmaiden
parish, "Wigt on shire.

MEDWIN, rivulet formed by the North
Medwin, running 8 miles south-south-
westward, and the South Medwin, running
10 miles south-westward, and going 1J
mile from their confluence to the Clyde
near Carstairs Junction, in Lanarkshire.

MEETHILL, conical eminence, crowned
by a tower 170 feet high in honour of
Earl Grey and the Reform Bill, 1^ mile
south-west of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire.

MEGGERNIE, seat and public school in
Glenlyon, Perthshire.

MEGGET, parish on south border of
Peeblesshire. It measures 7 miles in
length, and 6| in greatest breadth ; it
touches, for about a mile, the west side
of St. Mary's Loch ; it sends down
Megget rivulet, through its middle, to
that lake, and is thence sometimes called
Meggetdale ; it consists of some of the
loftiest mountains of Southern Highlands,
with narrow intersecting glens ; it con-
tains vestiges of two ancient royal hunting-
seats and the ruined tower of Henderland
Castle ; it is united to Lyne, situated many
miles to the north ; and it has a small
chapel and small public school.

MEGGET, affluent of the Esk, in Wester-
kirk parish, Dumfriesshire.

MEGGINCH, seat in Errol parish, Perth-
shire.

MEIG. See Meag.

MEIGLE, village and parish on eastern
verge of Perthshire. The village stands
on burn of its own name, 214; miles north-
north-east of Perth ; contains ancient
curiously-sculptured stones, alleged to be

monumental of Guinevar, wife of King
Arthur ; and has a head post office with
money order and telegraph departments,
a railway station, 2 banking offices, a good
inn, Established, Free, and Episcopalian
churches, and 2 public schools with about
266 scholars. — The parish measures 5 J
miles by 2i, and comprises 3980 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £9717. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 696 ; quoad sacra, 966.
The surface is part of Strathmore,
all low, and diversified by slight rising-
grounds. The seats are Belmont Castle,
Meigle House, Potento, Drumkilbo, and
Kinloch ; and the chief antiquities, be-
sides the ancient sculptured stones, are
a tumulus and a large whinstone block
traditionally associated with the name of
Macbeth. There are 3 schools for 310
scholars, and 1 of them for 200 is new.

MEIGLE, hill^ 1480 feet high, with
splendid view, in western vicinity of
Galashiels, Selkirkshire.

MEIKLE, rivulet, running west-north-
westward to Loch Greinord, on west coast
of Ross-shire.

MEIKLE, lake about a mile long, near
centre of Glenurquhart, Inverness-shire.
Lochletter, Lakefield, and Sheuglie seats
are on its banks.

MEIKLEBEN, conspicuous summit of
Lennox Hills, 1870 feet high, 4 miles
north-west of Kilsyth, Stirlingshire.

MEIKLE CESE, summit of the Lammer-
moors, 1531 feet high, 9^ miles south-
south-east of Haddington.

MEIKLE DAAN, old mansion in Edder-
toun parish, Ross-shire.

MEIKLE EARNOCK, place, with station
on Strathaven Railway, between High
Blantyre and Quarter Road, Lanarkshire.

MEIKLE FARNESS, quondam village in
Cromarty parish, Cromartyshire.

MEIKLE FERRY. See Ferry.

MEIKLEFOLLA, hamlet on southern
border of Fyvie parish, Aberdeenshire.
It has an Episcopalian chapel, and male
and female public schools.

MEIKLEHOLM, burn, running south-
westward to the Annan at 3 miles south-
south-east of Moffat, Dumfries shire.

MEIKLEOUR, village, 5 miles west of
Coupar-Angus, Perthshire. It has a post
office under Perth. Meikleour mansion is
in the vicinity.

MEIKLE ROE, island, about 8^- miles
in diameter, in St. Magnus Bay, Shet-
land. Pop. 230.

MEIKLE TORBOLL, mountain over-
hanging Strathfleet, in Sutherland.

MEIKLE WARD, vestige of ancient castle
in Insch parish, Aberdeenshire.

MEIKLEWARTHILL, village in Rayne
parish, Aberdeenshire.

MEIKLEWOOD, seat in Gargunnock
parish, Stirlingshire.

MEIKLEWOOD, hill, with small lake
near its summit, in Tongland parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

MEIKLEWOOD, moor, with memories

ME I

325

MEL

of the Covenanters, partly within Dunscore
parish, Dumfriesshire.

MEIN, rivulet, running 9 miles south-
ward and south-westward to the Annan
at 1^ mile south-south-west of Ecclefechan,
Dumfriesshire.

MEIN, hill between Gareloch and Glen-
fruin, Dumbartonshire.

MELDON, burn, running southward to the
Lyne at 3 miles west-by-south of Peebles.

MELDRUM, parish, containing Old Mel-
drum town, in Garioch district, Aber-
deenshire. Its length is about 6 miles :
its greatest breadth about 4 miles ; its
area 8102 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£12,242. Pop., quoad civilia, 2254;
quoad sacra, 2136. The surface is-
chiefly a hill-ridge, and includes about
5800 acres of arable land. The chief
residence is Meldrum House, and the
chief antiquity is the site of a Roman
camp. The churches are Established,
Free, United Presbyterian, and Episco-
palian. There are 3 schools for 537
scholars, and 2 of them for 410 are new.

MELDRUM (OLD), town at terminus
of branch railway, 18 miles by road, but
22 by railway, north-north-west of Aber-
deen. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Aberdeenshire, a railway station,
2 banking offices,' a town hall, a public
hall, a mechanics' institution, and Mel-
drum churches and schools. Pop. 1494.

MELFORT, sea-loch > on . southern
boundary of Lorn district, Argyleshire.
It measures 4 miles by 1J, is sprinkled
with islets, and terminates in vicinity of
Melfort House and Kilmelfort village.

MELGUM, rivulet, running west-south-
westward to the Isla at Airlie Castle, on
west boundary of Forfarshire.

MELGUND, ruined castle in Aberlemno
parish, Forfarshire. It gives the title of
viscount to the Earl of Minto.

MELLENDEAN, burn, running to the
Tweed at 2 miles north-east of Kelso,
Roxburghshire.

MELLERSTAIN, village and seat, 8 miles
north-west-by-west of Kelso, Roxburgh-
shire.

MELLONCHARLES, village in Gairloch
parish, Ross-shire. Pop. 309.

MELNESS, strath in north-west of
Tongue parish, Sutherland. It has a Free
church.

MELROSE, town and parish in extreme
north-west of Roxburghshire. The town
stands at north base of Eildon Hills, 3
furlongs south of the Tweed and 37£ miles
south -east -by -south of Edinburgh ; is
noted for a famous ruined abbey of 12th
century ; was originally a hamlet called
Fordel, and got its present name at the
founding of its abbey ; underwent great
and frequent vicissitudes of fortune in
connection with the abbey ; passed into
decay and poverty soon after the Refor-
mation ; acquired renovation and exten-
sion in recent times, as a home of

annuitants and a centre for tourists ;
consists now of a small old portion, some
well-built new streets, and extensive,
scattered, handsome new outskirts ; is
near Waverley Hydropathic Establishment,
erected in 1871, and enlarged in 1876, and
not far from the Border Counties' Lunatic
Asylum, built in 1872 at a cost of about
£45,000 ; and has a head post office with
all departments, a fine railway station,
2 banking offices, 3 hotels, a very ancient
interesting cross, a corn exchange and
town hall, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, Evangelical Union, and
Episcopalian churches, a large public
school of 1876, and an infant public
school. Pop. 1550. The abbey was
founded in 1136, destroyed by the English
in 1322, and re-founded in 1326 ; comprised
a cruciform cfmrch of 250 feet by 137, a
square cloister of 150 feet each side, and
enclosed precincts about a mile in circuit ;
sustained great injuries at and after the
times of the Reformation ; consists now of
chiefly the greater part of its church's
walls and a small part of its cloister ;
exhibits graceful, elaborate, unique
features of pointed architecture ; and
is graphically described in Grose's
Antiquities and in Sir "Walter Scott's
Lay of the Last Mivstrel. — The parish
contains also Darnick, Gattonside,
Newstead, Eildon, and Blainslie villages,
most of Newton St. Boswells, and part
of Galashiels. Its length is 10f miles ; its
greatest breadth 6i? miles ; its area 25,794
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £49,422.
Pop., quoad civilia, 11,131; quoad sacra,
4555. The Eildon Hills are partly
within the southern border ; a rich vale,
6 miles long, averagely about a mile or
more wide in the central parts, and
traversed throughout by the Tweed, forms
the section immediately north of these
hills ; and groups or ranges of gentle
upland, skirted by Gala and Leader rivers
at the sides, and traversed by Allen
rivulet through the middle, form all the
surface thence to the northern boundary.
The seats are Abbotsford, Eildon Hall,
Allerly, Pavilion, Prior-Bank, Priory,
Drygrange, Gattonside, Huntly-burn,
Ravenswood, Ladhope, Langhaugh,
Bowood, Threepwood, Langlee, Whitelee,
Wooplaw, Sunnyside, and numerous
villas ; and the antiquities include objects
on Eildon Hills, three ruined Border peels
on Allen rivulet, site of Roman town near
Newstead, and site of famous Culdee
establishment at Old Melrose. A United
Presbyterian church is at Newton St.
Boswells, and various churches are in
Galashiels. Twelve schools for 1254
scholars are in the parish, and 3 of them
and class-rooms for 731 are new.

MELROSE, seat, burn, and headland in
Gamrie parish, Banffshire.

MELROSE (OLD), peninsula on the
Tweed, 2^ miles east of Melrose, Rox-
burghshire. It measures 5 by 3 furlongs :

MEL

32G

MET

was occupied by a famous Culdee estab-
lishment similar to that of Iona ; suffered
devastation during warfare in 839 ; had
afterwards and long a chapel to which
crowded pilgrimages were made ; and is
now occupied by a modern mansion.

MELSETTER, seat at head of Longhope,
in Walls parish, Orkney.

MELSHACH, hill, with medicinal spring,
in Kennethmont parish, Aberdeenshire.

MELUNDY, wooded hill in Dallas parish,
Elginshire.

MELVICH, village at head of small bay
in north-east corner of Sutherland, 14
miles west-south-west of Thurso. It has
a post office under Thurso, and a good inn.

MELVILLE, ancient parish, now part
of Lasswade, Edinburghshire. Melville
Castle here, 5 furlongs north-east of
Lasswade town, is the splendid seat of
Yiscount Melville.

MELVILLE, quoad sacra parish, with
church in Montrose, Forfarshire. Pop.
3058.

MELVILLE, seat in Monimail parish,
Fife.

MEMSEY, seat in Eathen parish, Aber-
deenshire.

MEMUS, place with Free church near
Kirriemuir, Forfarshire.

MENMUIR, parish, averagely 4J miles
north - west of Brechin, Forfarshire. It
contains Tigerton hamlet, and has a post
office of its own name under Brechin. Its
length is 6j miles ; its greatest breadth 4
miles ; its area 10,218 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £8488. Pop. 755. The
southern section is part of Strathmore,
and the northern one is the frontier
portion of Benchinnan Mountains. The
only seat is Balnamoon, and the chief
antiquities are extensive remains of large
strong Caledonian fortifications on Cater-
thun Hills. The churches are Established
and. Free. The public school has capacity
for 125 scholars.

MENNOWAY, lofty hill on mutual
border of Alford and Keig parishes,
Aberdeenshire.

MENOCK. See Minnick.

MENSTRIE, village adjacent to base of
Ochil Hills, 5 miles north-east of Stirling.
It carries on woollen manufacture, and
has a post office designated of Clack-
mannanshire, a railway station, a chapel-
of-ease erected in 1880, and a public school
with about 230 scholars. Pop. 918. Men-
strie House, in its vicinity, was a seat of
the Earls of Stirling.

MENTEITH. See Monteith.

MENZIEHILL, place, with medicinal
spring, in Eaglesham parish, Renfrewshire.

MENZION, burn, running to the Tweed
in Tweedsmuir parish, Peeblesshire.

MERCHANTS, rocks, crowned with
lighthouse, at Mull of Kintyre, Argyle-
shire.

MERCHISTON, suburb, with modernized
old castellated mansion, in south-west of
Edinburgh.

MERKINCH, northern suburb of Inver-
ness. It has a public school with upwards
of 400 scholars.

MERKLAND, monumental cross of 15th
century in Kirkpatrick - Fleming parish,
Dumfriesshire.

MERKLAND, chalybeate spring in Loch-
rutton parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

MERKLAND, headland on north side of
Brodick Bay, Arran Island, Buteshire.

MERKLAND, lake, 3 miles long, _ on
south-east border of Edderachyllis parish,
Sutherland.

MERRICK, mountain, 2764 feet high, on
north border of Minnigaff parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

MERRYSTONE, suburb or section of
Coatbridge, Lanarkshire.

MERRYSTONE, village in Crosshill dis-
trict of Old Monkland parish, Lanarkshire.
Pop. 534.

MERSE, either the largest and most
southerly of the three districts of Berwick-
shire, or the entire territory between the
Lammermoors and the Cheviots. It is
prevailingly champaign, but has many
gentle undulations and several isolated
heights, and it all exhibits much luxuriance
and ornature.

MERTON, parish, containing Clintmains
post office hamlet, and three other hamlets,
in south-west extremity of Berwickshire.
Its length is about 5 miles ; its greatest
breadth 4J miles ; its area 6374 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £10,721. Pop.
682. The Tweed traces all the western
and southern boundary, and makes there
three large serpentine curves. The land
rises eastward and northward from the
river in much variety of gradient and
contour, and exhibits profusion of fine
scenery and rich embellishment. Merton
House is a seat of Lord Polwarth ; and
other seats are Dryburgh Abbey, Dryburgh
House, Bemersyde, and Gladswood. Chief
antiquities are the ruins of Dryburgh
Abbey, containing the grave of Sir Walter
Scott ; and other interesting objects are a
colossal statue of Sir William Wallace, and
a small circular Ionic temple, crowned by
bust of the poet Thomson. The paro-
chial church contains 380 sittings, and
the public school has capacity for 120
scholars.

MERTON, seat, 2 miles south-west of
Newton-Stewart, Wigtonshire.

MESHIE, burn, running northward to
the Spey in Laggan parish, Inverness-shire.

MESSAN, stream, running to Loch Ryan
in Inch parish, Wigtonshire.

METHIL, seaport village and quoad
sacra parish on south coast of Fife. The
village stands about a mile south-south-
west of Leven, and has a church with 800
sittings. Pop. of the village, 819 ; of the
quoad sacra parish, 2331.

METHILHILL, village near Methil, Fife.
Pop. 483.

METHLICK, village and parish in north-
east centre of Aberdeenshire. The village

MET

327

MID

stands 7 miles north-north-east of Old
Meldrum, and has a post office under
Aberdeen, Established and Free churches,
and 2 public schools with about 289
scholars. — The parish measures about 8
miles by 7, and comprises 14,842 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £10,306. Pop.
2162. The surface is bisected by the
Ythan ; includes the mansion and policies
of Haddo House, the chief seat of the
Earl of Aberdeen ; and rises into hills,
mostly barren or heathy, in the north.
There are 5 schools for 439 scholars, and
1 of them and an enlargement for 162 are
new.

METHVEN, village and parish in Glen-
almond district, Perthshire. The village
stands at terminus of branch railway, 6
miles by road, but "\ by railway, west-by-
north of Perth ; was the seat of a barony
belonging to the queen-dowager of James
rv., and gave the peerage title of baron to
her tbird husband ; presents an appearance
variously neat and quaint ; and has a post
office, with money order department, under
Perth, a railway station, Established, Free,
and United Presbyterian churches, the
aisle of a collegiate church of 1433, and
a public school with about 104 scholars.
Pop. 714. — The parish contains also the
villages of Almondbank and Scrogiehill,
measures about 1 5 miles by 3^, and
comprises 12,911 acres. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £14,039. Pop., quoad civilia,
1910; quoad sacra, 2103. The land is
mainly bounded in the north by Almond
river, presents a pleasant diversity of rising-
grounds and hollows, .and exhibits much
embellishment. The barony passed to the
Dukes of Lennox, and was purchased from
them by the ancestor of the present pro-
prietor, William Smythe, Esq. Methven
Castle, Mr. Smythe 's seat, is partly an
edifice of 1680, but chiefly a series of ex-
tensive additions. Another chief residence
is Lynedoch. A public school is at Almond-
bank.

METHVEN JUNCTION, railway station
about a mile south of Methven village,
Perthshire.

MEY, headland, rocky islets, lake, and
hamlet in Canisbay parish, Caithness. The
headland is 6^ miles west-by-north of
Duncansby Head, and was anciently
crowned by a chapel. — The islets lie a little
north of the headland, are half-submerged,
often throw the tidal current into tur-
bulence when all around is calm, and are
sometimes called Merry Men of Mey. —The
lake lies 2>\ miles west-south-west of the
headland, and measures about 1^ mile in
circuit. — The hamlet lies f mile south-
south-east of the lake, and has a post
office under Wick.

MEYRICK. See Merrick.

MHORGAY, island in North Uist parish,
Outer Hebrides.

MIAGHAILT, lake, discharging effluence
subterraneously to the sea, in Kilmuir
parish, Isle of Skye.

MIAVAIG, place in Uig parish, Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. It has a post office under
Stornoway.

MICHELSTON, seat, superseded by
Torquhan, in Stow parish, Edinburghshire.

MICKERY. See Inchmickery.

MICRAS, old clachan in Glenmuick
parish, Aberdeenshire.

MIDBAY, estate in Westray parish,
Orkney.

MIDBRAKE, seat in Yell Island, Shetland.

MID-CALDER. See Calder (Mid).

MID-CLYTH, village on the coast, 9 miles
south-south-east of Wick, Caithness. It
has a post office under Wick. Pop. 303.

MIDDLE, parish, with Established and
Free churches, in Perth. Pop. 4902.

MIDDLE, parish, with Established and
Free churches, in Greenock. Pop. 6180.

MIDDLE, parish, with Established and
Free churches, in Paisley. Pop., quoad
civilia, 13,117 ; quoad sacra, 5293.

MIDDLE, one of the Ochil Hills in Alva
parish, Stirlingshire.

MIDDLEBIE, parish, containing Eagles-
field, Kirtlebridge, and Waterbeck post
office villages, in south-east of Dumfries-
shire. Its length is 9 miles ; its greatest
breadth \\ miles ; its area 17,545 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £14,742. Pop.
1927. The surface, in the south and
south-west, is low and undulating; in
the centre, includes considerable rising-
grounds ; in the north and north-east, is
chiefly mountainous and wild. Principal
antiquities are the Roman camp of
Birrens, and the ruined tower of Black et
House. The churches are Established and
United Presbyterian ; and there are 3
public schools with about 180 scholars.

MIDDLEFIELD,seat in Cupar parish,Fife.

MIDDLEFOODIE, burn and village in
Dairsie parish, Fife.

MIDDLEGILL, burn, running to the
Annan at 4^ miles south-by-east of Moffat,
Dumfriesshire.

MIDDLEHAUGH, seat between Pit-
lochrie and Moulin earn, Perthshire.

MIDDLE LETHENDY, place, with
remains of ancient Caledonian fort, in
Monzie parish, Perthshire.

MIDDLERIG, coal-field in Polmont
parish, Stirlingshire.

MIDDLE ROSS, headland on west side
of Loch Lomond, in Luss parish, Dumbar-
tonshire.

MIDDLETON, village and seat in Borth-
wick parish, Edinburghshire.

MIDDLETON, village in Orwell parish,
Kinross-shire.

MIDDLETON, seat in Kirkden parish,
Forfarshire.

MIDDLETON, seat in Uphall parish,
Linlithgowshire.

MIDDLETON, coal-field in Muckart
parish, Perthshire.

MIDDLETON, estate, giving the title
of earl to its proprietor in the time of
Charles n. , but now called Fettercairn, in
Fettercairn parish, Kincardineshire.

MID

328

MIL

MIDDLETON (NORTH), village in Borth-
wick parish, Edinburghshire.

MIDGEHOLE, fine cascade on Levern
rivulet in Neilston parish, Renfrewshire.

MIDHOLM. See MlDLEM.

MIDHOPE, burn and old edifice in
Linlithgowshire. The burn runs 7 miles
east-north-eastward to Firth of Forth at
3 \ miles west-by-north of Queen sferry.
— The edifice stands adjacent to the burn
near its mouth, and was once a seat of
the Earls of Linlithgow.

MIDLAND, hill, with slate quarry, in
Orphir parish, Orkney.

MIDLEM, or MIDHOLM, village, 3| miles
east of Selkirk. It has an Original
Secession church and a public school.

MIDLEYS, place, with entire very large
ancient Caledonian stone circle, in Croy
parish, Inverness-shire.

MIDLOCK, affluent of the Clyde in
Crawford parish, Lanarkshire.

MID-LOTHIAN. See Edinburghshire.

MIDMAR, parish averagely 14 miles
west of Aberdeen. It has a post office
under Aberdeen. Its length is nearly
7 miles ; its greatest breadth 5J miles ;
its area 10,868 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £7024. Pop. 1041. The surface
lies between the Dee and the Don,
includes part of Fare Hill, and is very
uneven. Midmar Castle is an old disused
mansion. The churches are Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian. The
public school has about 96 scholars.

MIDTOWN, place, with bleachfield and
quondam limeworks, in Lochwinnoch
parish, Renfrewshire.

MID YELL. See Yell.

MIGDALE, hamlet, lake, and hill in
Criech parish, Sutherland. The hamlet
has a post office under Ardgay, and the
hill is 1082 feet high.

MIGLO, head-stream of the Eden, in
Fife. It traverses and gives name to
Strathmiglo parish.

MIGVIE, ancient parish, now united to
Tarland, in xlberdeenshire. It has a public
school with about 71 scholars.

MILBUY. See Mullbut.

MILDEWNE, battlefield of 1057 in
Rhynie parish, Aberdeenshire.

MILDOVAN, estate in Cardross parish,
Dumbartonshire.

MILDRIGGEN, burn in Kirkinner parish,
Wigtonshire.

MILE-END, eastern suburb of Glasgow.

MILEHILL, eminence, with slate quarry,
in Cortachy parish, Forfarshire.

MILESMARK, village at boundary be-
tween Dunfermline and Inverkeithing
parishes, Fife. Pop. with Parknook, 439.

MILGUY. See Milngavie.

MILK, rivulet, running about 15 miles
south-south-westward to the Annan at
2f miles west of Ecclefechan, Dumfries-
shire.

MILL, burn, either now or formerly
driving a mill, in each of numerous parishes
in Scotland.

MILL, bay on east side of Stronsay
Island, Orkney.

MILL, lake adjacent to Lochmaben,
Dumfriesshire.

MILLARSTON. See Millerston.

MILLBANK, place, with paper-mill, in
Ayton parish, Berwickshire.

MILLBANK, place, with quondam large
broadcloth factory, in Longside parish,
Aberdeenshire.

MILLBANK, seat in Nairn parish,
Nairnshire.

MILLBANK, seat in St. Vigeans parish,
Forfarshire.

MILLBANK, estate in Erskine parish,
Renfrewshire.

MILLBAY, village, inbabited by slate
quarriers, in Luing Island, Argyleshire.

MILLBREX, quoad sacra parish, consist-
ing of parts of Monquhitter and Fyvie,
chiefly the latter, in Aberdeenshire. It
has a post office under Fyvie, a church
with about 500 sittings, and a public
school with about 85 scholars. Pop. 1406.

MILLBRIDGE, hamlet in Cathcart
parish, Renfrewshire.

MILLBURN, place, with chemical works,
in Bonhill parish, Dumbartonshire.

MILLBURN, seat in Dalserf parish,
Lanarkshire.

MILLBURN, farm, with ancient Cale-
donian stone circle, in Castleton parish,
Roxburghshire.

MILLBURN TOWER, seat in Ratho
parish, Edinburghshire.

MILLCROFT, part of Creebridge village,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

MILLDENS, place near large deposit of
serpentine in Belhelvie parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

MILLEARN, seat on the Earn in Trinity
Gask parish, Perthshire.

MILLEFIACH, place, with public school,
in Kirkhill parish, Inverness-shire.

MILLENWOOD, mountain, 5| miles
north-west of Newcastleton, Roxburgh-
shire.

MILLERHILL, village, 4f miles north-
north-east of Dalkeith, Edinburghshire.
It has a post office under Dalkeith and
a railway station. Pop. 335. But that
village is properly Easter Millerhill, and
another called Wester Millerhill is near it.

MILLERINIDH, mountain in Eddera-
chyllis parish, Sutherland.

MILLERS, bay immediately south of
Loch Killisport, Argyleshire.

MILLER'S ACRE, encampment - place
of Edward Baliol's army in 1332, near
Forteviot, Perthshire.

MILLERSTON, western suburb of Pais-
ley, Renfrewshire.

MILLERSTON, village in east-north-
eastern outskirts of Glasgow. It has a post
office under Glasgow, a chapel-of-ease, and
a Free church. Pop. 412.

MILLERTON, hill in Ayton parish,
Berwickshire.

MILLEUR, headland at mouth of Loch
Ryan, "Wigtonshire.

MIL

329

MIN

MILLFIELD, village in Inverkeilor
parish, Forfarshire.

MILLFIELD, seat in Polmont parish,
Stirlingshire.

MILLGUY. See Milngavie.

MILLHALL, place, with cotton factory,
about a mile south-east of Eaglesham,
Renfrewshire.

MILLHEAD, estate in Kirkmahoe parish,
Dumfriesshire.

MILLHEUGH, suburb of LarkhaU,
Lanarkshire.

MILLHEUGH, seat in Blantyre parish,
Lanarkshire.

MILLHOUSE, seat of manufacture, 3
miles north of Dundee.

MILLHOUSE, place near Nethercleugh
railway station, Dumfriesshire. It has a
post office under Lockerby.

MILLHOUSE, place near Tighnabruaich,
Argyleshire. It has a post office under
Greenock.

MILLIKEN, seat of Sir Robert J. X.
Napier, Bart. , near Milliken Park railway
station, Renfrewshire.

MILLIKEN PARK, railway station, 4|
miles west of Paisley, Renfrewshire.

MILLISLE, railway station, 8| miles
south of Wigton, Wigconshire.

MILL OF CONVETH, small estate in
Laurencekirk parish, Kincardineshire.

MILL OF HALDEN. See Haldane's
Mill.

MILLPORT, town on south end of Big
Cumbray Island, Buteshire. It curves
round a crescent-shaped bay ; adjoins the
Earl of Glasgow's seat of Garrison ; is
a much-esteemed watering-place ; con-
sists chiefly of neat two-storey houses ;
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, designated of
Ayrshire, a banking office, 2 hotels, a
public hall of 1872, a town hall of 1879,
a stone pier of 1820, a spacious iron pier
of 1872, a beautiful Episcopalian church
and college, Established, Free. United
Presbyterian, and Baptist churches, and 2
public schools. Pop. 1838.

MILLSEAT, place, with Congregational
chapel, in King-Edward parish, Aber-
deenshire.

MILLS OF DRUM, railway station, 13J
miles west-south-west of Aberdeen.

MILLTIMBER, railway station, miles
west-south- west of Aberdeen.

MILLTOWN. See Milton.

MILMAD, hill, with ancient earthen
rampart, in Lumphanan parish, Aber-
deenshire.

MILNATHORT, town, If mile north-by-
east of Kinross. It carries on woollen
manufactures, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Kinross-shire, a railway sta-
tion, a banking office, Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian churches, and a public
school with about 120 scholars. Pop. 1269.

MILNCROFT, place on northern verge
of New Monkland parish, Lanarkshire.

MILNE-GRADEN, seat on the Tweed, 4

miles north-north-east of Coldstream, Ber-
wickshire.

MILNESS. See MELNESS.

MILNGAVIE (popularly MILLGUY),
manufacturing town, 7 miles by road, but
9J by railway, north-west of Glasgow. It
has a post office, -with money order and
telegraph departments, under Glasgow, a
terminal railway station, a quoad sacra
parochial church, United Presbyterian and
Roman Catholic churches, and 2 public
schools with about 400 scholars. Pop. of
the town, 2636 ; of the quoad sacra parish,
2927.

MILNHOLM, place, with ancient sculp-
tured cross, in Castleton parish, Roxburgh-
shire.

MILNHOUSE, place, with bridge on
Annan river, in Applegarth parish, Dum-
friesshire.

MILNTOWN, village in Kilmuir-Easter
parish, Ross-shire.

MILNTOWN, village in Glenurquhart,
Inverness-shire.

MILRIG, seat between Riccarton and
Tarbolton, Ayrshire.

MILTON, quoad sacra parish, with Estab-
lished and Free churches, in north of
Glasgow. Pop. 4170.

MILTON, village, If mile south-east of
Markinch, Fife. Pop. 375.

MILTON, manufacturing village in Old
Kilpatrick parish, Dumbartonshire. It
has a public school with about 129 scholars.
Pop. 499.

MILTON, village, 2 miles south of Len-
noxtown, Stirlingshire. It has a post
office under Glasgow, and a railway sta-
tion. Pop. 555.

MILTON, suburb of Denny, Stirling-
shire.

MILTON, village in Glammis parish,
Forfarshire.

MILTON, village in Auchterarder parish,
Perthshire.

MILTON, village in Rothiemay parish,
Banffshire.

MILTON, village, with public school, in
Urr parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

MILTON, village, with inn and distillery,
in Jura Island, Argyleshire.

MILTON, hamlet in east end of Kilmar-
nock parish, Ayrshire.

MLLTON, fishing-village in St. Cyrus
parish, Kincardineshire.

MILTON, burn in Applegarth parish,
Dumfriesshire.

MILTON-BRIDGE, place on the Clyde,
in line between Larkhall and Carluke,
Lanarkshire.

MILTON-BRODIE, seat between Elgin
and Forres, Elginshire.

MILTON-DUFF, estate in Elgin parish,
Elginshire.

MILTON-FIELD, place, with bleaching
and calico-printing works, in Old Kil-
patrick parish, Dumbartonshire.

MILTON-LOCKHART, seat, 2 miles west-
north-west of Carluke. Lanarkshire.

MINARD, estate on Loch Fyne, 12 miles

MIN

330

MIU

south-south-west of Inverary, Argyleshire.
It has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of
Argyleshire, and a castellated mansion.

MINCH, portion of sea, from 20 to 30
miles wide, separating Lewis, Outer
Hebrides, from northern part of Scottish
mainland.

MINCH (LITTLE), sound, from 10 to 20
miles wide, separating middle part of
Outer Hebrides from Isle of Skye.

MINCHMOOR, broad-based lumpish
mountain, 1856 feet high, culminating 3
miles north of Yarrow hamlet, Selkirkshire.

MINDERNAL, lofty hill in Durris parish,
K in car din e shir e.

MINDORK, quondam baronial fortalice
in Kirkcowan parish, Wigtonshire.

MINEFIELD, place, with lead and copper
mine, in Glencreran, Lorn, Argyleshire.

MINES, village in Minnigaff parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

MINGALAY, island, with precipitous
coasts and lofty cliffs, 9 miles south-west
of Barra, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 150.

MINGARRY, imposing remains of strong
ancient castle, which figured much in the
wars of the Lords of the Isles, on Ardna-
murchan coast, 7 miles north of Tobermory,
Argyleshire.

MINGINISH, section of Bracadale parish,
Isle of Skye.

MINISHANT, village in Maybole parish,
Ayrshire. It has a post office under
Maybole, and a public school with about
57 scholars.

MINN, sea-inlet off head of St. Magnus
Bay, Shetland.

MINNICK, rivulet, running 6 miles west-
ward to the Nith at 2 miles south-east of
Sanquhar, Dumfriesshire.

MINNICK, lake in Kells parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

MINNICK, rivulet, running about 13
miles southward to the Cree at 13 miles
north:north-west of Creetown, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

MINNIEHIVE, or MONIAIVE, village, 7
miles north-north-west of Thornhill, Dum-
friesshire. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Thornhill, a banking office, 2 inns,
an ancient cross, a monument to the
martyr Renwick, Free and United Presby-
terian churches, and 2 public schools with
about 216 scholars. Pop. 452.

MINNIGAFF, village and parish on west
border of Kirkcudbrightshire. The village
stands on Cree river, opposite Newton-
Stewart, is suburban to that town, and
has a large handsome parochial church
of 1836. — The parish contains also Cree-
bridge, Millcroft, Mines, and Blackcraig
villages ; measures 18 miles by 12 ; and
comprises 88,130 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £18,337. Pop., quoad civilia,
1587; quoad sacra, 1384. The surface
includes a strip of carse land adjacent
to the Cree, but consists mostly of
a portion of the Southern Highlands,

and contains several summits from 1700
to 2331 feet high. Lakes are numerous,
but the largest are not more than 2 miles
long. The seats are Kirouchtree, Cum-
lodden, Cairnsmore, and Machermore ; and
the chief antiquities are numerous tumuli,
three moat-hills, and ruins of Garlies
Castle. A quoad sacra parochial church
is at Bargrennan. Two schools for 216
scholars are in the parish, and 1 of them
and an enlargement for 129 are new.

MINNISHANT. See Minishant.

MINNONIE, burn, running to the
Deveron in King-Edward parish, Aber-
deenshire.

MINNYHIVE. See Minniehive.

MINTLAW, village, 9 miles west-north-
west of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. It has
a head post office with money order and
telegraph departments, a railway station,
a banking office, and a public school with
about 76 scholars. Pop. 435.

MINTO, village and parish in Roxburgh-
shire. The village stands about 1 mile
north-north-west of Denholm, and lj mile
north-east of Hassendean railway station,
is small but beautiful, and has a handsome
parochial church and a neat public school.
— The parish measures 5f miles by 3, and
comprises 5602 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £7226. Pop. 433. The river
Teviot traces all the south-eastern bound-
ary. A strip of haugh lies along the river;
a fine winding dell descends along the west
to that haugh; two green domical hills, 905
and 870 feet high, flank the east side of
that dell ; an inclined plain, with diversity
of feature, descends from these hills to
the greater part of the haugh ; and a ridge
deflects from the east side of the upper
hill onward to a terminal height of 712
feet, and breaks down there in a frontage
of picturesque crags to the haugh. Minto
House, the seat of the Earl of Minto,
stands amid ornate grounds on the in-
clined plain. Other seats are Teviotbank
and Hassendeanburn. The only antiquity
is Fatlips Castle, an old ruin sung by Sir
"Walter Scott, recently reconstructed in
romantic shape, and situated near the top
of the crags. There are 2 schools with
capacity for 92 scholars.

MIOBLE, rivulet, entering Loch Morar,
in south-west of Inverness-shire.

MIRE, drained lake in Dunnichen parish,
Forfarshire.

MIREBIRD, flat tract in Banchory-
Ternan parish, Kincardineshire.

MIRES, lofty hill in Eaglesham parish,
Renfrewshire.

MIRRAN, rivulet in Fortingal parish,
Perthshire.

MIRRITON, quondam seat of branch of
the noble family of Hamilton, in Hamilton
parish, Lanarkshire.

MISTYLAW, hill, 1863 feet high, 4^
miles west-north-west of Lochwinnoch,
Renfrewshire.

MIULIE, lake, with islet, near head of
Glenstrathfarrar, Inverness-shire.

MOA

331

MON

MOAN, lake on north-west border of
Minnigaff parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

MOAR, cascade on Lyon river, Perth-
shire.

MOAT, burn in Tweedsmuir parish,
Peeblesshire.

MOCHRUM, village and parish on south
coast of Wigtonshire. The village stands
9 miles south-west of Wigton, and has a
post office under Port-William, a paro-
chial church, and a public school. — The
parish contains also Port-William and
Eldrig villages ; measures 9i miles by 6 ;
and comprises 24,071 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £16,174. Pop. 2315. A nar-
row belt of flat gravel beach lies along the
east side of Luce Bay ; a steep bank, almost
a precipice, flanks the beach ; and a mix-
ture of flats, hills, lakes, and moors forms
most of the interior. Mochrum Fell,
broad-based, and 646 feet high, is promi-
nent. Monreith, the seat of Sir Herbert
E. Maxwell, Bart., is the chief residence ;
and Old Place of Mochrum, a decayed
strong castle, now belonging to the Marquis
of Bute, is a chief antiquity. A United
Presbyterian church is at Port-William.
Five schools for 499 scholars are in the
parish, and 2 of them and an enlargement
for 292 are new.

MOCHRUM, broad - based, conical,
wooded, conspicuous hill, with magnifi-
cent view, midway between Maybole and
Kirkoswald, Ayrshire.

MOCLET, headland at south-east of
Papa-Westray Island, Orkney.

MOFFAT, town in Dumfriesshire, and
parish partly also in Lanarkshire. The
town stands adjacent to Annan river, 2
miles north-by-east of Beattock railway
station, and 21 by road, but 29J through
Beattock, north-north-east of Dumfries ;
was acquiring in 1881-82 a railway to the
Caledonian at Beattock ; sprang from
a village dating back to at least 14th
century; began, in latter part of last
century, to attract convalescents and other
visitors for benefit of health ; acquired
such celebrity as has long drawn to it up-
wards of 5000 visitors a year ; commands
three medicinal springs, delightful views,
and rich appliances of recreation; enjoys
a salubrious climate, beautiful environs,
and the shelter of a grand mountain semi-
amphitheatre ; presents a modern, well-
built, clean, and agreeable appearance ;
publishes 2 weekly newspapers ; and has
a head post office with money order and
telegraph departments, 3 banking offices,
good hotels, many lodging-houses, pure
water supply, baths, a curious public foun-
tain of 1875, a hydropathic establishment
of 1877, assembly and reading rooms, a
steepled Established church of 1790, a
steepled Free church of 1843, a United
Presbyterian church of 1863, an Episco-
palian church of 1872, and an academy
of 1834, enlarged in 1876. . Pop. 2161.—
The parish measures about 15 miles in
length and 8^ in greatest breadth, and

comprises 39,846 acres in Dumfriesshire,
and 3119 in Lanarkshire. Real property
in 1880-81, £28,739 and £1194. Pop.
2909 and 21. A watershed of Hart-
fell Mountains, with some of the loftiest
summits of the Southern Highlands, forms
most of the northern boundary ; other
mountain watersheds form all the eastern
and part of the western boundaries ; and
glens and vales, traversed by Annan,
Moffat, and Evan rivers, together with
flanking heights, form most of the in-
terior. The Annan rises adjacent to the
northern boundary, and runs southward
3 miles through the interior, and 5
along the western boundary ; the Moffat
rises adjacent to the north-eastern boun-
dary, is soon joined by the stream from
Loch Skene and Grey Mare's Tail, and
runs 10J miles south-westward to the
Annan at 2 miles south of the town ; and
the Evan traverses a mountain pass 6
miles southward across the north-western
wing, and l'uns thence, through Kirkpatrick-
Juxta, to the Annan. Moffat well, the
chief of the medicinal springs, is about 1J
mile north-north-east of the town ; and
Hartfell spa, situated in a deep ravine, is
about 2\ miles farther north-north-east.
Chief seats are Dumcrieff, Craigieburn,
Larchhill, and Granton ; and chief anti-
quities are a Roman road, some moats,
and several ruined peel-towers. There
are 9 schools for 551 scholars, and 1 of
them and an enlargement for 64 are
new.

MOIDART. See Moydart.

MOIN, lofty moorish tract, 12 miles long
and 4 \ broad, southward from Whiten -
head, on north coast of Sutherland.

MOIR, lake, 5 miles long, in Edder-
achyllis parish, Sutherland.

MOLL, ancient parish, now part of More-
battle, Roxburghshire.

MOLLANCE, seat in Crossmichael parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

MOLLENBURN, village in south-east
extremity of Cadder parish, Lanarkshire.
It has a public school.

MOLLINDINAR, burn, traversing ravine
between Cathedral and Necropolis, in
Glasgow.

MONACH, island in North Uist parish,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 13.

MONACH, hill, 12 miles north-north-
east of Stornoway, Outer Hebrides.

MONADHLEADH, broad-based, rugged,
moorish mountain-range, extending about
26 miles north-eastward between upper
part of Strathspey and most part of Strath-
dearn, Inverness-shire.

MONAHOUDIE, large moss in Knockando
parish, Elginshire.

MONALTRIE, seat near Ballater, Aber-
deen.

MONANCE (ST.), seaport town, \\ mile
west-by-south of Pittenweem, on south-
east coast of Fife. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Fife, a renovated ancient

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332

MON

Established church, a Free church, a
Congregational church, and a large public
school. Pop. 1918.

MONAR, lake, 5 miles long, overhung
by wild, steep, alpine mountains, at head
of Glenstrathfarrar, Inverness - shire.
Monar House is at its foot.

MONBODDO, seat in Fordoun parish,
Kincardineshire.

MONCRIEFF, seat of Sir Robert D.
Moncrieff, Bart., near Bridge of Earn,
Perthshire.

MONCRIEFF, or MORDUN, hill in
southern outskirts of Perth. It forms
most of the peninsula between the Tay
and the Earn ; is pierced by a railway
tunnel, 990 yards long ; rises to a height
of 756 feet above sea-level ; and commands
a superb view.

MONCUR, ruined ancient fortalice within
grounds of Rossie Priory, in Inchture,
Perthshire.

MONDUFF, estate in Fetteresso parish,
Kincardineshire.

MONDYNES, section of Fordoun parish,
Kincardineshire.

MONEARN, lofty hill in Durris parish,
Kincardineshire.

MONEDIE, parish with church 4 miles
north-north- west of Perth. Its post town
is Perth. Its length and breadth are each
about 2 miles ; its area 4438 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £4555. Pop. 233.
The surface is partly flat, partly diversified
by rising-grounds. The church contains
460 sittings, and the public school has
about 43 scholars.

MONESS, burn, running about 6 miles
north - eastward, traversing a romantic
dell, making three exquisite cascades, and
passing through Aberfeldy to the Tay.
Moness House stands adjacent.

MONEY, headland, 5 miles south-south-
east of Portpatrick, Wigtonshire.

MONEYDIE. See Monedie.

MONEYMORE, glen, descending north-
eastward to Lamlash, in Arran Island,
Buteshire.

MONEYPOOL, burn, running west-south-
westward to head of "Wigton Bay at
Creetown, Kirkcudbrightshire.

MONFODE, burn in Ardrossan parish,
Ayrshire.

MONGARRY, hamlet in Tullynessle par-
ish, Aberdeenshire.

MONIABRUGH, ancient parish, now part
of Kilsyth, Stirlingshire.

MONIAIVE. See Minniehive.

MONIFIETH, town and parish on south
border of Forfarshire. The town stands
1\ miles north-east of Broughty Ferry, and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Dundee, a
railway station, Established and Free
churches, and 2 public schools with about
297 scholars. Pop. 1564. —The parish
contains also Drumsturdymoor and Barn-
hill villages, and most of Broughty Ferry
town. Its length is 5 miles ; its greatest
breadth 3£ miles ; its area 5952 acres.

Real property in 1880-81, £55,849. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 9521 ; quoad sacra, 3608.
The coast is low and sandy, and the in-
terior rises gently to the north, but is
intersected by a range of low heights, and
includes a hill about 500 feet high. Chief
seats are Linlathen, Grange, and Laws ; and
chief antiquities are Broughty Castle, a
vitrified fort, and sites or traces of several
mediaeval churches. Ten places of worship
are in Broughty Ferry, and 3 schools for
324 scholars, 1 of them new for 100, are in
the parts beyond that town.

MONIKIE, parish, containing Craigton
post office village, and Bankhead, Camus-
town, Guildie, and Newbigging villages, in
south of Forfarshire. It lies averagely 5
miles north-north-east of Broughty Ferry,
and has a station on the railway thence to
Forfar. Its length is 7 miles ; its greatest
breadth 5 miles ; its area 8921 acres. Real
property in 1S80-81, £19,931. Pop. 1412.
The surface is divided by two hill- ranges
into a gentle slope in the south, a valley
in the middle, and a swampy moorish
tract in the north. A chief residence is
Newbigging House ; chief antiquities are
Affleck Castle, vestiges of Hynd Castle,
and a memorial cross of seemingly the 11th
century ; and a conspicuous object is the
' Live and Let Live ' testimonial erected in
1839 in honour of Lord Panmure. The
churches are Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian. There are 4 schools for 314
scholars, and 1 of them for 100 is new.

MONIMAIL, village and parish in Cupar
district, Fife. The village stands 4J miles
west of Cupar, and has Established and
Free churches. — The parish contains also
the post office village of Letham, and the
village of Easter Fernie. Its length is 5
miles ; its greatest breadth 4J miles ; its
area 6554 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£12,125. Pop. 834. The southern sec-
tion is part of the How of Fife, and the
northern one consists of a range of fine
hills. . The seats are Melville, Rankeilour,
Cunoquhie, and Balgarvie ; the antiquities
are Fernie, believed to have been a castle
of Macduff, and a tower said to have been
built and inhabited by Cardinal Beaton ;
and a conspicuous object is a pillar upwards
of 100 feet high, in memory of the martial
Earl of Hopetoun. There are 2 schools
with capacity for 130 scholars.

MONIVAIRD, parish adjacent to west
side of Crieff, Perthshire. Its post town
is Crieff. Its length is 9 miles ; its greatest
breadth 5h miles ; its area 26,093 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £11,574. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 700 ; quoad sacra, 547.
The surface includes a section of Strath-
earn from immediate vicinity of Crieff to
immediate vicinity of Comrie ; extends
northward and southward to lofty water-
sheds ; comprises a large aggregate of hill
and mountain ; and exhibits, in eminent
degree, the characteristic features of both
the valley and the screens of the Earn.
Chief seats are Ochtertyre, Lawers,

MON

333

MON

Clathick, and Strowan ; chief antiquities
are barrows, vestiges of .Roman works,
and remains of a castle said to have be-
longed to the Red Comyn ; and a prominent
object is a lofty obeliskal monument to Sir
David Baird, on site of castle of the Earls
of Strathearn on Tomnachastle eminence.
The church contains 600 sittings, and the
public school has about 164 scholars.

MONKCASTLE, seat in Kilwinning
parish, Ayrshire.

MONKLAND, seat and ancient barony
in middle ward of Lanarkshire. The seat
is lj mile south of Airdrie ; and the
barony belonged to the monks of New-
battle, took its name from them, and was
divided in 1640 into the two parishes of
New Monkland and Old Monkland.

MONKLAND CANAL, canal commencing
at North Calder river, traversing Monk-
land ancient barony, sending off branches
there to public works, and going north-
westward thence into junction with Forth
and Clyde Canal at Port - Dundas,
Glasgow.

MONKLAND (NEW), village and parish
in middle ward of Lanarkshire. The
village stands 1| mile north-west of
Airdrie, and has a church with 1200 sit-
tings, and a public school with about 124
scholars. Pop. with Glenmavis, 369.
— The parish contains also Airdrie
town, Rawyards, Drumgelloch, and
Clarkston suburbs, Arden, Greengairs,
Langrigg, and Roughrigg villages, part
of Coatdyke town, and part of Garnqueen
village. Its length is 9 miles ; its greatest
breadth 6 miles; its. area 19,885 acres.
Real property of landward parts in
1880-81, £66,159. Pop. of the whole,
quoad civilia, 27,816 ; quoad sacra, 8284.
The surface is chiefly tabular, with slopes
to the south-east and north-west, lies
mostly at elevations of from 600 to 700
feet above sea-level, and is to a great
extent mossy. The mineral wealth, in
coal, ironstone, and limestone, is very
great, and maintains a large amount of
industry and export. Chief seats are
Airdrie House, Monkland, Rochsoles, and
Auchingray. Fourteen places of woi-ship
are in Airdrie, a quoad sacra parochial
church is at Clarkston, chapels-of-ease are
at Greengairs and Meadowfield, and a Free
church is at Greengairs. Ten schools for
2141 scholars are in the parts outside
of Airdrie burgh, and 7 of them and
enlargements for 1915 are new.

MONKLAND (OLD), parish, containing
Coatbridge, Baillieston, and Rosehall
towns, Gartsherrie, Langloan, High Sunny-
side, and Whifnet suburbs, Bargeddie,
Dykehead, Braehead, Carmyle, Clyde-
Ironworks, Cuilhill, Faskine, Palacecraig,
Swinton, Merrystone, and "YVoodhall
villages, and parts of Calderbank, Coat-
dyke, and Tollcross towns, in middle ward
of Lanarkshire. Its length is 8 miles ; its
greatest breadth 4£ miles ; its area 10,935
acres. Real property in 18S0-81,

£160,014. Pop., quoad civilia, 37,323;
quoad sacra, 13,471. The surface is
fertile champaign, mostly flat or gently
undulated. The mineral wealth in
carboniferous rocks, and the industries
arising from it are very great. Chief
estates are Gartsherrie, Drumpellier,
Rosehall, Calderbank, Calderpark, Fas-
kine, Cairnhill, Daldowie, Breadiesholm,
and Carmyle. The churches are 7 Estab-
lished, 5 Free, 2 United Presbyterian,
and 6 of other denominations. There are
26 schools for 5545 scholars, and 2 of
them and enlargements for 911 are new.

MONKLAND RAILWAYS, the Monkland
and Kirkintilloch, the Ballochney, and
the Slamannan, constructed chiefly for
mineral traffic from Coatbridge, Airdrie,
Kirkintilloch, Bathgate, and Borrows-
townness, and now part of the North
British system.

MONKLAW, hill and Roman camp in
Jedburgh parish, Roxburghshire.

MONKMIRE, lake on mutual border of
Blairgowrie and Bendochy parishes, Perth-
shire.

MONKRIGG, seat, 1| mile south-south-
east of Haddington.

MONKS, burn, with falls, entering the
North Esk in Penicuick parish, Edin-
burghshire.

MONKS, burn, entering Douglas river
in Douglas parish, Lanarkshire.

MONK'S FORD, place on the Tweed
near Old Melrose, Roxburghshire.

MONK'S HOUSE, remains of monastic
establishment in Stromness parish, Orkney.

MONK'S MOSS, section of Collessie
parish, Fife.

MONKSTADT, old seat, scene of incident
in life of Flora Macdonald and Prince
Charles Edward, in Kilmuir parish, Isle
of Skye.

MONKSTON, modern village in Monk's
Moss, Collessie parish, Fife.

MONK'S WELL, fine spring, with sur-
mounting pillar, in Ladykirk parish,
Berwickshire.

MONKTON, village and parish on coast
of Kyle, Ayrshire. The village stands
about a mile from the shore, 3J miles
north-east of Ayr, and has a post office
under Ayr, a railway station, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 114 scholars. Pop. 354. — The
parish contains also Prestwick town,
measures 3| miles by 3?, and comprises
3769 acres. Real property in 1879-80,
£14,513. Pop. 2121. The coast is low,
flat, and sandy, and the interior rises so
slightly from it as almost to appear a dead
level. Coal has been largely worked ;
Chief seats are Fairfield, Orangefield, and
Adamton ; and chief antiquities are two
disused old parochial churches, and ruins
of a leper's hospital. A public school is at
Prestwick.

MONKTONHALL, village on the Esk, 1
mile north of Musselburgh, Edinburgh-
shire.

MON

334

MON

MONKWOOD, place on lower part of
Doon river, Ayrshire.

MONQUHITTER, parish, containing
Cuminestown post office village and Gar-
mond village, in Turriff district, Aber-
deenshire. Its length is 8 miles; its
greatest breadth 6^ miles. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £12,933. Pop., quoad civilia,
2794 ; quoad sacra, 2474. The surface is
mostly undulating, but includes bleak,
barren hills. Lendrum here was the scene
of a great battle between Donald of the
Isles and the Thane of Buchan. The
churches are 2 Established, 1 Free, and
1 Episcopalian. Five schools for 466
scholars are in the quoad sacra parish,
and 2 of them for 210 are new.

MONQUIECH, estate in Fetteresso parish,
Kincardineshire.

MONREITH, bay, village, and seat of
Sir Herbert E. Maxwell, Bart., 5| miles
west of Whithorn, Wigtonshire.

MONRITHMONT, extensive moor, mostly
covered with plantation, averagely 4 miles
south of Brechin, Forfarshire.

MONS, hill, with delightful view, in
Dalmeny parish, Linlithgowshire.

MONS GRAMPUS, scene of famous battle
between the Roman Agricola and the
Caledonian Galgacus, assigned to various
localities, but most probably was adjacent
to Ardoch Roman camp, in Perthshire.

MONS TREMONTIUM, the Eildon Hills,
in Roxburghshire.

MONTBLAIRY, seat and distillery in
Alvah parish, Banffshire.

MONTCOFFER, a seat of the Earl of
Fife on the Deveron, in King-Edward
parish, Aberdeenshire, in southern vicinity
of Duff House and Banff.

MONTEITH, district in south-west of
Perthshire. It takes name from the river
Teith ; it comprehends all the Perthshire
portion of the Forth's basin west of the
Ochils, excepting Balquhidder parish ; it
measures about 28 miles in length, and_ 15
in greatest breadth ; and it gave the title
of earl from 1428 till 1694 to the family of
Graham.

MONTEITH (PORT OF), hamlet and
parish in Monteith district, Perthshire.
The hamlet lies on north shore of Monteith
Lake, 6 miles south-south-west _ of Cal-
lander ; communicates by public coach
with a railway station of its own name, 13
miles west of Stirling ; and has a post office
under Stirling, a good hotel, a parochial
church erected since 1877, a mausoleum of
the Grahams of Gartmore, and a public
school with about 47 scholars.— The parish
contains also Gartmore, Ruskie; and Tom-
achar villages ; measures 9 miles by 6J ;
and comprises 22,238 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £12,480. Pop., quoad
civilia, 1175 ; quoad sacra, 654. Mon-
teith Lake lies nearly in the centre ; has a
roundish outline about 6| miles in circuit ;
contains Inchmahome Island with extensive
remains of ancient friary, Tulla Island
with massive ruins of Earls of Monteith's

castle, and Dog Isle with site of the Earls'
kennels ; and has shores and cincture of
much beauty. Loch Vennachoir is on the
northern boundary, Loch Drunkie is on
the western boundary, and three small
lakes are in the interior. The river Forth
cuts off the south-west wing around Gart-
more village ; runs thence along the
southern boundary ; and from the point of
entering the parish till the point of leaving
it, makes a run of about 7 miles measured
in straight line, but of about 12 miles
measured along its sinuosities. The land
adjacent to the river is rich carse ; in part
of the west border, is considerably high
moor ; around Monteith Lake, consists of
gently undulating hills ; in the north-west
and north, rises abruptly into frontier
Grampian Mountains commanding ex-
tensive views. Chief seats are Cardross,
Rednock, Gartmore, Blairhoyle, and Inver-
trossachs ; and chief antiquities, besides
those on the islands, are a Roman road
and a Roman castellum. Established and
Free churches are at Gartmore, and 3
schools for 173 scholars are in the
parish.

MONTEITH (PORT OF), railway station,
13 miles west of Stirling. It has a post
office under Stirling.

MONTEVIOT, a seat of the Marquis of
Lothian on the Teviot, 3 miles north of
Jedburgh.

MONTFODE, ruined baronial fortalice,
1£ mile south-east of West Kilbride, Ayr-
shire.

MONTGOMERY, seat, f mile south-east
of Tarbolton, Ayrshire.

MONTHRIVE, seat in vicinity of Leven,
Fife.

MONTKEGGIE, ancient parish, now
called Keithhall, Aberdeenshire.

MONTLOKOWRE, hill in Kirkmaiden
parish, Wigtonshire.

MONTQUHANY, seat in Kilmany parish,
Fife.

MONTQUHITTER. See Monquhitter.

MONTROSE, town and parish on north-
east coast of Forfarshire. The town stands
at mouth of the South Esk, 30 miles by
road, and 31 by railway, north-east of
Dundee ; was a principal town of Scotland
in middle of 13th century ; had a very
ancient castle on rising - ground called
Fort-hill ; was the place whence Sir James
Douglas sailed to carry the heart of King
Robert Bruce to Palestine; contains or
recently contained remnant of house in
which the martial Marquis of Montrose
was born ; was the landing-place of Cheva-
lier St. George at commencement of civil
war in 1715; gives the titles of earl,
marquis, and duke to the family of
Graham ; ranks now as a seat of manu-
facture, ahead port, and a royal burgh; pub-
lishes two weekly newspapers ; and unites
with Arbroath, Forfar, Brechin, and Bervie
in sending a member to Parliament. It
occupies a low peninsula northward from
the Esk ; includes a small insular suburb

MON

335

MOO

within the river ; adjoins, on the west, a
lagoon about 7 miles in circumference, filled
and emptied at every tide ; straggles on the
east into broad downs or links, partly in
commonage, winged with fine sandy beach ;
is separated only by the Esk, between the
lagoon and the sea, from Ferryden fishing
town and the beautiful braes of Craig ; has
across the river a suspension bridge of
1829, erected at a cost of about £27,000,
and a railway viaduct constructed in 1879,
and reconstructed in 1881 at very great
expense ; presents a modern, well-built,
prosperous appearance ; includes a high
street so spacious as to resemble a double
square ; and has a head post office with all
departments, 2 railway stations, 8 banking
offices, 5 hotels, a town hall, monuments
of Sir Robert Peel and Joseph Hume, an
assembly hall, a spacious parochial church
with Gothic front and lofty steeple, a
quoad sacra parochial church, 3 Free
churches, 3 United Presbyterian churches,
Congregational, Evangelical Union, and
Wesleyan churches, 2 Episcopalian
churches, a large public academy, 6
primary public schools, a quondam lunatic
asylum, converted into barracks in 1878,
and a recent lunatic asylum about 2|
miles distant, erected at a cost of about
£20,000, and enlarged in 1880 at a cost of
£8395. The harbour comprises the reach
of the Esk from the suspension bridge
to the sea, is naturally deep and well-
sheltered, and has a good amount of
artificial appliances. The vessels belong-
ing to the port at end of 1879 were 60
sailing vessels of 11,220 tons, and 8 steam
vessels of 2190 tons. The arrivals in 1879
were 637 British vessels of 69,904 tons, and
65 foreign vessels of 19,594 tons ; and the
departures were 645 British vessels of
71,481 tons, and 65 foreign vessels of
17,960 tons. Real property of the burgh
in 1880-81, £53,387. Pop. 14,973.— The
parish contains also the village of Hill-
side, measures 4 miles by fully 3, and
comprises 4134 acres. Real property of
landward part in 1880-81, £10,369. Pop.
of the whole, quoad civilia, 16,303 ; quoad
sacra, 11,746. The coast is first a broad
band of smooth sandy beach, next a broad
belt of downs or links, and the interior
rises gradually in the north - west into
pleasant braes. A quoad sacra parochial
church is at Hillside. Seventeen schools
for 2837 scholars are in the parish, and 1
of them and 3 enlargements for 398 are new.

MONTROSE AND ARBROATH RAIL-
WAY. See Arbroath and Montrose
Railway.

MONTROSE AND BERVIE RAILWAY,

railway, 13 miles north-north-eastward
from Montrose to Bervie. It was author-
ized in 1860 on a capital of £70,000 in
shares, and £23,000 in loans ; was opened
in November 1865 ; yielded a dividend of
only £ per cent, at April 1880 ; and is now
connected at Montrose with the Arbroath
and Montrose Railway.

MONTROSE (OLD), section of Maryton
parish, 3 miles west of Montrose, Forfar-
shire. It was an estate of the Montrose
family, but does not appear to have had
ever any town.

MONWIG, lake in midst of large deep
moss in Aberdour parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

MONYMUSK, village and parish in
Garioch district, Aberdeenshire. The
village stands 19 miles by road, but 21^
by railway, west-north-west of Aberdeen,
dates from at least the time of Malcolm
Canmore, and has a post office under
Aberdeen, a railway station, Established
and Episcopalian churches, a public school
with about 107 scholars, and the site of
an ancient priory. — The parish measures
about 7 miles by 4g, and comprises 10,728
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £6939.
Pop. 1155. The surface is bisected by
the river Don, and consists partly of vale,
but chiefly of heights and hills. Mony-
musk House is the seat of Sir Archibald
Grant, Bart. There are 2 schools with
capacity for 225 scholars.

MONYNUT, rivulet, running about 8 miles
south-eastward to the Whitadder near
Abbey St. Bathans church, Berwick-
shire.

MONYNUT EDGE, hill-ridge overhang-
ing Monynut rivulet, in Innerwick parish,
Haddingtonshire.

MONZIE, village and parish in Glen-
almond district, Perthshire. The village
stands 3 miles north-north-east of Crieff,
which is its post town ; and it has Estab-
lished and Free churches, and a public
school with about 80 scholars. — The
parish measures 9 miles by 8, and com-
prises 21,487 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £8941. Pop., quoad civilia, 753;
quoad sacra, 304. The Vale of Monzie,
about 5 miles long, and part of the
Valley of Glenalmond are the only habit-
able portions ; and the rest of the surface
includes the deep narrow ' small glen ' of
Glenalmond, and consists chiefly of wild
hills and mountains, frontiers of the
Grampians. The seats are Monzie Castle
and Cultoquhey, and the antiquities are
numerous and various — Caledonian,
Roman, and mediseval.

MONZIEVAIRD. See Monivaird.

MOODIESBURN, village in east of
Cadder parish, Lanarkshire.

MOODLAW, loftily-situated small lake at
meeting-point of Roxburghshire, Selkirk-
shire, and Dumfriesshire.

MOONEN, bay near Benhalival, in west
of Isle of Skye.

MOONZIE, parish, with church 3 miles
north-west of Cupar, Fife. Its post town
is Cupar. Its length is 2£ miles ; its
greatest breadth 1J mile ; its area 1258
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £2656.
Pop. 148. The surface is a diversity of
hill and dale. A chief object is the
massive ruin of Lordscairnie Castle. The
public school has capacity for 54 scholars.

MOO

336

MOR

MOONZIE, burn, rising in Moonzie
parish, and running 7 miles eastward to
the Eden, in Fife.

MOORFIELD, place, with public school,
in Delting parish, Shetland.

MOORFOOT, moorish hill-range on
mutual border of Edinburghshire and
Peeblesshire. It extends 10 miles south-
westward from head of Gala vale, has a
mean breadth of about 6 miles, and rises,
in its highest parts, to altitudes of from
1500 to 2136 feet.

MOORHOUSE, birthplace of the poet
Pollock, in Eaglesham parish, Renfrew-
shire. The scenery around it is described
in his Course of Time.

MOORLAND, hamlet, 4 miles south of
Luss, Dumbartonshire.

MOOR-OF-ORD, flat sandy tract, scene
of great cattle markets, 3 miles north of
Beauly, Inverness-shire. It has a post
office designated of Inverness-shire, and a
railway station.

MOORS, eastern one of the three
divisions of "VVigtonshire.

MOORS, district, with large limework,
in Glassford parish, Lanarkshire.

MORAL, fine cascade on Enneric rivulet,
in Urquhart parish, Inverness-shire.

MORANGE, section of Inveraven parish,
Banffshire.

MORANGIE, burn and huge boulder in
Tain parish, Boss-shire.

MORANSIDE. See Muiravonside.

MORAR, lake and district on west coast
of Inverness-shire. The lake discharges
its superfLuence by a very brief stream
into south end of Sleat Sound, measures
10 miles in length and If mile in breadth,
and is mostly all flanked on both sides by
wild, lofty hills. — The district is in great
part bisected by the lake ; measures 19
miles in length and from 4 to 9 in breadth ;
is bounded on the north by Loch Nevis ;
and has a Roman Catholic church.

MORAY, firth and ancient province in
north-east of Scotland. The firth strikes
from junction with Loch Beauly at Inver-
ness ; goes 7 miles, with extreme width
of 4 miles, north-eastward to Chanonry
Point ; contracts there to a width of 1^
mile ; proceeds thence 22 miles north-
eastward to a line between Burghhead
and Tarbetness ; • expands gradually over
that distance to a width of 16 miles ; and
begins there to form a great triangular
gulf, measuring 58 miles along the south
coast from Burghhead to Kinnaird Head,
and nearly 80 miles in exterior or seaward
line from Kinnaird Head to Duncansby
Head. — The province extends along greater
part of the firth's south coast ; includes
considerable territory westward of the
firth's head ; ascends southward to a
watershed of the Central Grampians ;
comprehends part of Banffshire, all Elgin-
shire, all Nairnshire, and nearly half of
continental Inverness - shire ; formed a
bishopric with seat at Elgin ; constituted
an earldom from times prior to the era of

modern authentic history ; and has given
the title of earl since 1562 to a branch of
the family of Stuart.

MORAYSHIRE. See Elginshire.

MORAYSHIRE RAILWAY, railway from
Lossiemouth, by way of Elgin and Rothes,
in Elginshire, into junction with the
Strathspey Railway at Craigellachie, on
border of Banffshire. It was opened in
successive portions in 1852, 1858, 1862,
and 1863 ; and was authorized in 1866 to
be amalgamated with the Great North of
Scotland.

MORDINGTON, parish on coast in ex-
treme east of Berwickshire. It contains
the fishing hamlet of Ross, and its post
town is Berwick. Its length is 4^ miles ;
its greatest breadth 2£ miles ; its area
2939 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£5049. Pop. 367. The northern sec-
tion consists of high ground, presents to
the sea a continuous line of abrupt cavern-
ous rocks, and includes many eminences
commanding extensive views ; and the
southern section descends gradually to the
Whitadder, but is mostly flat. The seats
are Mordington House, Edrington House,
and Edrington Castle ; and the antiquities
are the ruined old Edrington Castle and
remains of Lamberton church. The
churches are Established and Free. The
public school has capacity for 57 scholars.

MORDUN. See Moncrieff.

MORE, lake, 4J miles long, in Edclera-
chyllis parish, Sutherland.

MORE, lake in Halkirk parish, Caith-
ness.

MORE, or RUMORE, promontory between
Loch Greinord and Loch Ewe, on west
coast of Ross-shire.

MOREBATTLE, village and parish in
extreme east of Roxburghshire. The
village stands on Kale rivulet, 1\ miles
south-south-east of Kelso, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Kelso, Established,
Free,, and United Presbyterian churches,
and a public school with about 121 scholars.
Pop. 322. — The parish measures about
9 \ miles by 6, and comprises 22,334 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £15,190. Pop.
1003. The surface consists almost
wholly of vales and intersecting hills, rises
to the watershed of the Cheviots, and is
cultivated in its lower grounds and verdant
in its heights. The seats are Lochside,
Gateshaw, and Otterburn ; and the an-
tiquities are remains of two Border towers
and of numerous ancient camps. A public
school is at Mowhaugh.

MOREDUN, seat in Liberton parish,
Edinburghshire.

MORHAM, small parish, with church
2f miles east-south-east of Haddington.
Post town, Haddington. Acres, 2087.
Real property in 1880-81, £3125. Pop.
209. The surface is a tame, bare,
undulating slope, with maximum height
of about 300 feet. The public school has
about 46 scholars.

MOR

337

MOR

MORINISH, place, with post office
under Oban, Argyleshire.

MORIR. See Morar.

MORISON'S HAVEN, harbour, 5 furlongs
west of Prestonpans, Haddingtonshire.
It was enlarged and improved in 1875-77
at a cost of about £10,000.

MORISTON, river, running about 22
miles prevailingly eastward to Loch Ness
at Invermoriston, Inverness - shire. It
traverses all Glenclunie and Glenmoriston,
has picturesque scenery, and makes its
last reach in rushing cataract.

MORLICH, lake and burn in Rothie-
murchus parish, Inverness-shire.

MORMOND, hill and seat in vicinity of
Strichen, Aberdeenshire. The hill is 749
feet high and conspicuous, bears on its
west brow a ruined hunting-lodge, and
has on respectively its west and east sides
vast figures of a horse and a stag formed
respectively about 1800 and in 1870 by
cuttings in the turf filled with white
quartz stones.

MORNINGSIDE, south-western suburb
of Edinburgh. It extends southward on
the outlet toward Penicuick, adjoins west
end of Grange, stands chiefly along a
slope, includes lines of elegant villas on
the north and an old street-line on the
south, has a post office under Edinburgh,
and contains a • modern quoad sacra
parochial church, a Free church rebuilt
in 1874, a United Presbyterian church of
1881, an Episcopalian church of 1876-78,
a Roman Catholic nunnery of 1835, a
literary institute of 1881, and the Edin-
burgh Lunatic Asylum of 1810 and 1850.
Pop. of quoad sacra parish, 9241.

MORNINGSIDE, village in Cambus-
nethan parish, Lanarkshire. It has a
post office under Newmains, a railway
station, and a public school with about 97
scholars. Pop. 740.

MORPHY, hill in St. Cyrus parish,
Kincardineshire.

MORRISON'S HAVEN. See Morison's
Haven.

MORRISTON,two villages, East and West,
in Old Monkland parish, Lanarkshire.

MORRISTON, seat in Rutherglen parish,
Lanarkshire.

MORRISTON, estate in Legerwood
parish, Berwickshire.

MORRISTON, Inverness-shire. See

MORISTON.

MORROCH, small rocky bay, 2 miles
south-east of Portpatrick, Wigtonshire.

MORTLACH, parish, containing Duff-
town, in south-west centre of Banffshire.
Its length is 11 miles ; its greatest breadth
7 miles ; its area 34,184 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £10,376. Pop., quoad
civilia, 2634 ; quoad sacra, 2651. The
surface is encompassed by hills and
mountains, including Corhabbie and
Benrinnes ; and it consists largely of two
glens with intervening heights. The
arable lands comprise only about one-
seventh of the entire area, and the uplands

are mostly either moor or coarse pasture.
Chief antiquities are fragments of a small
cathedral of 10th century, and ruins of
Auchindune and Balvary castles ; and
places of interest are a battlefield of 1010
and the scene of ' Roy's Wife o' Aldivalloch.'
The churches in Mortlach quoad sacra are
Established, Free, and Roman Catholic ;
and another Established church is in
Glenrinnes. There are 4 schools for 562
scholars, and 2 of them for 260 are new.

MORTLICH, hill, with traces of exten-
sive camp, on mutual boundary of Aboyne
and Coull parishes, Aberdeenshire.

MORTON, parish, containing Thornhill
town and part of Carronbridge village,
in Upper Nithsdale, Dumfriesshire. Its
length is about 7 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 2| miles ; its area 8036
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £7777.
Pop. 2118. The surface includes low
ground adjacent to the Nith and the
Cample, low tabular hill partly occupied
by Thornhill, and diversified ascent north-
ward thence to watershed of Lowther
Mountains. Chief antiquities are traces
of a strong Roman castellum and massive
ruin of Morton Castle. That castle
figured in the time of Randolph, Earl of
Moray, and passed to the branch of the
Douglases who became Earls of Morton.
The churches are Established, United
Presbyterian, and Evangelical Union ;
and there is a public school with about
158 scholars.

MORTON, ancient parish, now divided
between Langholm and Half-Morton,
Dumfriesshire.

MORTON, estate in East Calder section
of Kirknewton parish, Edinburghshire.

MORTON HALL, seat in Liberton parish,
Edinburghshire.

MORVEN, mountain, 2882 feet high, 5^
miles north of Ballater, Aberdeenshire.
It is celebrated in a poem of Lord
Byron.

MORVEN, mountain group, with central
summit 2331 feet high, on south border of
Caithness.

MORVERN, or MORVEN, parish in
north-west of Argyleshire. It has a post
office and money order department under
Oban ; it is bounded, except at an
isthmus of about 4 miles, by Loch Sunart,
Mull Sound, and Loch Linnhe ; and it
includes small islands in Loch Sunart.
Its length is 16 miles ; its greatest breadth
14 miles. Real property in 1880-81,
£8978. Pop., quoad civilia, 828; quoad
sacra, 749. The south-western section,
measuring 12 miles by 5, and extending
along Mull Sound, contains Lochaline
village, four mansions, Artornish, Kinloch-
aline, and Killundine ruined castles,
remains of several small Scandinavian
forts, and several Caledonian stone
circles ; includes Loch Aline sea-inlet and
Unimore valley ; abounds in lakes,
streams, torrents, fine cascades, and rich
blendings of upland and lowland scenery ;

Y

MOR

338

MOU

and, especially in the part around
Unimore, was pronounced by Professor
Wilson 'an abyss of poetry.' The north-
eastern section consists chiefly of bleak
heathy hills and mountains, and has
several summits upwards of 2000 feet
high. The churches are 3 Established,
1 Free, and 1 Roman Catholic. There are
4 schools for 255 scholars, and 3 of them
for 143 are new.

MORVICH, hill in Golspie parish, Suther-
land.

MOSS, estate, with site of George
Buchanan's birthplace, in Killearn parish,
Stirlingshire.

MOSS, farm, with site of strong Border
tower, in Eckford parish, Roxburghshire.

MOSS, quondam castle in Crawfordjohn
parish, Lanarkshire.

MOSS, quondam ancient church in Wick
parish, Caithness.

MOSSAT, burn, entering left side of Don
river, at 5 miles west of Alford, Aberdeen-
shire ; and place on that burn, with post
office under Aberdeen.

MOSSBANK, place adjacent to Hoggan-
field village, in north-eastern outskirts of
Glasgow. A Glasgow industrial school here
was founded in 1868, destroyed by fire in
1873, and rebuilt at a cost of £11,000 in
1874-75.

MOSSBANK, hamlet and estate in
Delting parish, Shetland. The hamlet
has a post office under Lerwick, and a
United Presbyterian church.

MOSSBURNFORD, place, with seat and
strong old baronial fortalice on Jed river,
3 miles south-east of Jedburgh, Roxburgh-
shire.

MOSSEND, town near Bellshill, Lan-
arkshire. It has a public school with
about 279 scholars, and a Roman Catholic
church. Pop. with Low Carnbroe, 3030.

MOSSEND, village near West Calder,
Edinburghshire. Pop. 669.

MOSSFENNAN, seat and mountain in
Glenholm parish, Peeblesshire.

MOSSFIELD, place, with public school,
in Rosskeen parish, Ross-shire.

MOSSFINNIN, large turbary in Kirkin-
tilloch parish, Dumbartonshire.

MOSS-FLANDERS. See Flanders.

MOSSGIEL, small farm, notable as resi-
dence of the poet Burns, and place where
he wrote many of his most popular pieces,
from his twenty-fifth to his twenty-eighth
year, in northern vicinity of Mauchline,
Ayrshire.

MOSSGREEN, village in east of Dun-
fermline parish, Fife. It has a quoad
sacra parochial church erected in 1877,
and a public school for 220 scholars
opened in 1876. Pop. of quoad sacra
parish, 1609.

MOSSHAT, mineral field in Carnwath
parish, Lanarkshire.

MOSSIDE, place, with limeworks, in
Carluke parish, Lanarkshire.

MOSSIDE, farm, with two notable cairns,
in Culsalmond parish, Aberdeenshire.

MOSSKNOWE, seat in Kirkpatrick-Flem-
ing parish, Dumfriesshire.

MOSSPAUL, hill-pass and inn, 12£
miles south of Hawick, Roxburghshire.

MOSSPEEBLE, burn in Ewes parish,
Dumfriesshire.

MOSSPLAT, estate in Carstairs parish,
Lanarkshire.

MOSSTODLACH, village in Speymouth
parish, Elginshire.

MOSSTON, flagstone quarry in Carmylie
parish, Forfarshire.

MOSSTOWIE, vale in Elgin parish, El-
ginshire.

MOTHERTOP, rocky peak of Bennochie
Mountain, in Oyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

MOTHERWELL, town, 12£ miles south-
east of Glasgow. It has a head post
office with all departments, a junction
railway station, 2 banking offices, a hotel,
waterworks of 1877, 2 Established churches,
2 United Presbyterian churches, Free,
Evangelical Union, Primitive Methodist,
and Roman Catholic churches, and 2
public schools with about 557 scholars.
One of the Established churches was
erected in 1874 ; one of the United Pres-
byterian in 1881. A new railway station,
one of the largest on the Caledonian
system out of Glasgow, was projected
in 1880. Pop. of the town, 12,904.

MOTHERWELL BRIDGE, railway station
between Hamilton and Carfin, Lanark-
shire.

MOTRAY, rivulet, running about 12
miles eastward and southward to head of
Eden estuary, in Fife.

MOUL, headland at north of Papa-
Westray Island, Orkney.

MOULIN, village and parish in north-
east of Perthshire. The village stands
about a mile north-east of Pitlochrie, and
has a post office under Pitlochrie, a curious
ruined castle of 12th century, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 91 scholars. — The parish con-
tains also Pitlochrie and Kinnaird villages,
measures about 16 miles by 8J, and com-
prises 44,640 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £19,378. Pop., quoad civilia,
2066; quoad sacra, 1569. The south-
western section rises from Killiecrankie
Pass and Tummel river to summit of
Benvrackie, consists mostly of hills and
mountains with intersecting vales or glens,
and includes some level arable land in
what is called the How. The north-eastern
section is divided from the south-western
by a hill from 3 to 4 miles wide, and con-
sists chiefly of the glens and verdant
hill-screens of two head-streams of the
river Ardle. Chief seats are Faskally,
Urrard, and Donavourd ; and chief anti-
quities are the ruined castle at Moulin
village, Caledonian forts and standing-
stones, and vestiges or sites of mediaeval
chapels. A quoad sacra parochial church
is at Tenandry. There are 3 schools for
497 scholars, and they include new class-
rooms for 150.

MOU

339

MOY

MOULINEARN, village, with famous
quondam hotel, 3 miles south-south-east
of Pitlochrie, Perthshire.

MOUNACK, hill in Stornoway parish,
Outer Hebrides.

MOUND, hamlet on Loch Fleet, in south-
east corner of Sutherland. It takes name
from an arched and sluiced mound, with
public road, constructed in 1816 at a cost
of £12,500, across Loch Fleet ; and it has
a post office designated of Sutherlandshire,
and a railway station.
, MOUNIE, estate, with remains of two
Caledonian stone circles, in Daviot parish,
Aberdeenshire.

MOUNT, village in Campsie parish,
Stirlingshire.

MOUNT, hill and bog in Kirkurd parish,
Peeblesshire.

MOUNT, hill in Monimail parish, Fife.

MOUNT ALEXANDER, seat, 3 miles west
of Tummel-Bridge, Perthshire.

MOUNT ANNAN, seat on Annan river,
2 miles north of Annan town, Dumfries-
shire.

MOUNT BATTOCK. See Battock.

MOUNTBENGER, farm, occupied for
some time by the ' Ettrick Shepherd,' 3|
miles south-west of Yarrow hamlet, Sel-
kirkshire.

MOUNT BLAIR. See Blair.

MOUNTBLOW, seat in Old Kilpatrick
parish, Dumbartonshire.

MOUNTBOY, hill in Craig parish, For-

MOUNT CAMERON, seat in East Kilbride
parish, Lanarkshire.

MOUNT CHARLES, seat near Ayr, Ayr-
shire.

MOUNT CYRUS, seat in St. Cyrus parish,
Kincardineshire.

MOUNTEVIOT. See Monteviot.

MOUNT FLORIDA, suburb and eminence,
2f miles south of centre of Glasgow. The
suburb has a post office under Glasgow.
Pop. 1978.

MOUNTFORT, seat near Ascog, Isle of
Bute.

MOUNTGERALD, estate in Kiltearn
parish, Boss-shire.

MOUNTGOWER, lofty hill in Durris
parish, Kincardineshire.

MOUNTGREENAN, seat and colliery in
Kilwinning parish, Ayrshire.

MOUNT HECLA, mountain, 1992 feet
high, on east side of South Uist Island,
Outer Hebrides. Its seaward skirt forms
Ushenish headland, and is crowned by a
lighthouse with fixed red light visible at
the distance of 18 nautical miles.

MOUNT HOLLY, eminence in Dryfesdale
parish, Dumfriesshire.

MOUNT KEEN. See Keen.

MOUNT LOTHIAN, ancient chapelry, now
part of Penicuick parish, Edinburghshire.

MOUNT MELVILLE, seat in Cameron
parish, Fife.

MOUNT MISERY, hill-ridge, with grand
view, in Kilmaronock parish, Dumbarton-
shire.

MOUNT OLIPHANT, now MOUNT FER-
GUSON, farm on which the poet Burns
lived from his seventh to his seventeenth
year, 4 miles south-south-east of Ayr.

MOUNT PLEASANT, suburb of New-
burgh, Fife.

MOUNT PLEASANT, hill-ridge adjacent
to Burntisland, Fife.

MOUNT PLEASANT, place in Gretna
parish, Dumfriesshire. It has a public
school with about 150 scholars.

MOUNT STUART, seat of Marquis of
Bute, 4 miles south-south-east of Rothesay,
Isle of Bute. It was destroyed by fire in
December 1877, and according to plans
approved in July 1879, was to be replaced
by an edifice of notable taste and magnifi-
cence, 120 feet square.

MOUNT VERNON, seat in Liberton par-
ish, Edinburghshire.

MOUNT VERNON, village, railway sta-
tion, seat, and colliery, 5£ miles south-east
of Glasgow. Pop. of village, 335.

MOUSA, island, with well"- preserved very
interesting Scandinavian tower, 10| miles
south-by-west of Lerwick, Shetland.

MOUSE, rivulet, running about 12 miles
south-westward, traversing the chasm of
Cartland Crags, and entering the Clyde a
mile below Lanark.

MOUSWALD, village and parish in south-
west of Dumfriesshire. The village stands
7 miles south-east of Dumfries, and has
a post office under Dumfries, a parochial
church, and a public school with about 12 L
scholars. — The parish contains alsoBrockle-
hurst and Cleughbrae hamlets, measures
4| miles by 4^, and comprises 5889 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £66S3. Pop.
558. The surface includes nearly 900
acres of Lochar moss, and is elsewhere
diversified with rising-grounds and culti-
vated hill. The only mansion is Rockhall,
the seat of Sir Alexander D. Grierson,
Bart. ; and the antiquities are several bar-
rows, several camps, and vestiges of five
Border towers. There are 2 schools with
capacity for 159 scholars.

MOUTRIE, extinct ancient village on
site of St. James' Square, Edinburgh.

MOW, ancient parish, now part of More-
battle, Roxburghshire.

MOWBRAY, ancient thanedom in north-
east of Banffshire.

MOWICK, small harbour in Fetlar Island,
Shetland.

MOWSES, burn in Eckford parish, Rox-
burghshire.

MOY, village in Inverness-shire, and
parish partly also in Nairnshire. The
village stands 11^ miles south-east of
Inverness, was the headquarters of the
clan Chattan or Mackintosh, and has a
post office under Inverness, an inn, and
Established and Free churches. — The par-
ish contains also Freeburn hamlet, measures
about 30 miles by 5, and comprises in its
Nairnshire portion 5538 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81 of the Inverness-shire
part, £8587 ; of the Nairnshire part,

MOY

340

MUI

£138. Pop. 803 and 19. The surface
consists of the long glen of the Find-
horn, and the small glen of the Funtack,
together with their hill and mountain
flanks, and is inhabited only on their
narrow bottom. Moy Loch, adjacent to
Moy village, lies in the small glen, measures
about 3 miles in circuit, and contains two
islands. Moy Castle, the ancient seat of
the chiefs of the clan Chattan, stood on the
larger island, but is now a ruin ; and a tall
obeliskal monument erected in 1824 to the
memory of Sir iEneas Mackintosh stands
also on that island. Moy Hall, the modern
seat of the chief of the Mackintoshes,
stands at the loch's head. There are 3
schools for 160 scholars, and all of them
are new.

MOY, ancient parish, now united to
Dyke, in Elginshire. It contains a
mansion of its own name.

MOYDART, sea-loch and district in
south-west extremity of Inverness-shire.
The loch penetrates 5 miles eastward, is
extensively bisected by Shona Island,
receives on its south side the efflux from
Loch Shiel, and has on its banks, at and
near the head, Kinloch-Moydart mansion
and Castle Tioram. — The district extends
eastward up Loch Shiel, is partly bounded
by Loch Aylort, measures 18 miles in
length and 7 miles in mean breadth, and
has a Roman Catholic church.

MOYNESS, place in Auldearn parish,
Nairnshire. It has a United Presbyterian
church, a public school with about 47
scholars, and vestiges of an old castle.

MUCHALLS, place, 4| miles north-north-
east of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire. It
has a post office under Stonehaven, a rail-
way station, a quaint mansion of 1619-27,
and an Episcopalian church.

MUCK, island, 13 miles west of north-
western extremity of mainland of Argyle-
shire. It measures about 2 miles in
length, rises to a height of about 600 feet,
and exhibits everywhere rocky lines of
basaltic terrace. Pop. 51,

MUCK, beautiful lake, on south-east
border of Dalmellington parish, Ayr-
shire.

MUCK, burn, running to the Forth
in Kincardine parish, Perthshire.

MUCK, affluent of Dhuisk rivulet in
Barr parish, Ayrshire.

MU'OKAIRN, quoad sacra parish, con-
taining Bunawe village, in Lorn district,
Argyleshire. It has Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
124 scholars. Pop. 615.

MUCKART, hamlet and parish in Ochil
district, Perthshire. The hamlet lies 3
miles east-north-east of Dollar, and has
a post office under Dollar, Established
and United Presbyterian . churches,
and a public school with about SO
scholars. — The parish contains also
Pool hamlet, and small part of Dollar
town. Its length is 4f miles ; its greatest
breadth 2£- miles ; its area 4928 acres.

Real property in 1880-81, £6012. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 601 ; quoad sacra, 593.
The surface is mainly a portion of the
Ochils, and partly a long romantic reach
of the Devon's vale, both above and
below Crook-of-Devon.

MUCKERACH, ruined old castle in
Cromdale parish, Elginshire.

MUCKERSEY, fine fall of about 30 feet
on May rivulet, in Forteviot parish, Perth-
shire.

MUCROSS, peninsula occupied by St.
Andrews, Fife, and ancient nucleus of
that city.

MUDALE, rivulet, running about 8
miles north-eastward to Loch Navar, in
Sutherland.

MUDHOUSE, estate in Aberlour parish,
Banffshire.

MUDIESBURN. See Moodiesburn.

MUGDOCK, ancient barony in Strath-
blane parish, Stirlingshire. It contains
the ruined ancient castle of the Earls of
Montrose, a lake of 25 acres, formerly
encircling the castle as a fosse, and a great
reservoir of Glasgow waterworks.

MUGDRUM, seat, sculptured ancient
cross, and island in the Tay, adjacent to
Newburgh, Fife. Pop. of the island, 6.

MUICK, lake and rivulet in Glenmuick
parish, ' Aberdeenshire. The lake lies
among the Grampians, near boundary
with Forfarshire ; is engirt by bold,
romantic heights ; and measures 2 miles
in length and \ mile in breadth. — The
rivulet issues from the lake ; makes at 1^
mile onward a fine cascade of 36 feet ;
and runs altogether about 8 miles north-
eastward to the Dee in vicinity of
Ballater.

MUIRAVONSIDE, parish, containing
Avonbridge post office village, Blackbraes,
Bumford, Maddiston, and Standrigg
villages, and part of Linlithgow-Bridge,
on east border of Stirlingshire. Its length
is 6f miles ; its greatest breadth 3 miles ;
its area 7963 acres. Peal property in
1880-81, £18,927. Pop. 2713. The
river Avon traces the southern, eastern,
and north-eastern boundaries. The land
adjacent to the river is mostly pleasant
slope or brae, but that along the north-
west is moorish plateau. Coal is exten-
sively worked. A chief seat is Muiravon-
side House, and chief antiquities are fine
remains of Almond Castle, ruins of Manuel
or Emanuel Priory, and traces of a chain
of Caledonian forts. The churches are
Established and United Presbyterian.
There are 5 schools for 405 scholars, and
1 of them and an enlargement for 247 are
new.

MUIRBANK, seat near Eutherglen,
Lanarkshire.

MUIRBURN, seat in Glassford parish,
Lanarkshire.

MUIRDRUM, village, 6 miles south-
south-west of Arbroath, Forfarshire. It
has a 7)ost office under Carnoustie.

MUIRDYKES, farm, with battlefield of

MUI

341

MTJL

1685, in east of Lochwinnoch parish,
Renfrewshire.

MUIRESK, seat on the Deveron about
a mile west of Turriff, Aberdeenshire.

MUIRFIELD, seat in Dirleton parish,
Haddingtonshire.

MUIRHEAD, village in Liff parish,
Forfarshire. It has a public school with
about 116 scholars. Pop. 120.

MUIRHEAD, town on north-east bor-
der of Shotts parish, Lanarkshire. Pop.
1412.

MUIRHEAD, village in east of Cadder
parish, Lanarkshire.

MUIRHEAD, village in Kettle parish,
Fife.

MUIRHOUSE, seat on coast of Cramond
parish, Edinburghshire.

MUIRHOUSE, farm, with remains of
Roman camp, in Stow parish, Edinburgh-
shire.

MUIRHOUSE, seat at western extremity
of Cambusnethan parish, Lanarkshire.
MUIRHOUSE, Forfarshire. See Muk-

KOES.

MUIRHOUSES, village in Carriden
parish, Linlithgowshire.

MUIRKIRK, town and parish in extreme
north-east of Kyle, Ayrshire. The town
stands 25 \ miles by road, but 27 by rail-
way, north-east-by-east of Ayr ; occupies
a high site among heathy uplands ; sprang
from a small hamlet in latter part of last
century, in result of rich iron-ore in its
vicinity ; prospered and is maintained in
connection with extensive ironworks ; and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Lanark, a
railway station, a banking office, Estab-
lished, Free, United Presbyterian, Evan-
gelical Union, and Roman Catholic
churches, and a public school with about
208 scholars. Pop. 3470. —The parish
contains also Glenbuck village, measures
9 miles by 8h, and comprises 30,229 acres.
Real property in 1879-80, £27,863. Pop.
5123. The boundary all round, ex-
cept in the west and the north-west, is a
hill-line of watershed, and culminates on
Cairntable at an altitude of 1944 feet
above sea-level ; and the interior is an
assemblage of moorish hills and ridges,
mostly from 800 to 1000 feet high, with
slender intersection of tame vales and
depressions. Coal, ironstone, and lime-
stone abound, and are largely worked.
Several localities teem with memories of
the Covenanters. There are 3 schools for
612 scholars, and 1 of them for 120 is
new.

MUIRLAND, place, with public school,
in St. Ninians parish, Stirlingshire.

MUIR OF ORD. See Moor of Oed.

MUIRSIDE, village in Kinnell parish,
Forfarshire.

MUIRTON, place, with public school, in
Knockbain parish, Ross-shire.

MUIRTON, village, with United Presby-
terian church, in Marykirk parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

MUIRTOWN, suburb of Inverness, and
seat near that town.

MUIRTOWN, barony in Kinloss parish,
Elginshire.

MUIRTOWN, extinct large village in
East parish, Perth.

MUIRYFAULDS, place, with site of
ancient chapel, in Kettins parish, Forfar-
shire.

MUIRYHALL, tract adjacent to Queens-
ferry, Linlithgowshire.

MULACH - CORRIE, lake, 2| miles east
of head of Loch Assynt, Sutherland.

MULBEN, burn, traversing romantic
rocky gorge to the Spey in Boharm
parish, Banffshire.

MULBEN, railway station, 5 miles west
of Keith railway station, Banffshire.

MULBUIE. See Mullbuy.

MULCHAICH, place, 3 miles from Conan-
Biidge, on south border of Ross-shire.
It has a post office under Dingwall.

MULDEARY, estate and round hills in
Boharm parish, Banffshire.

MULDONICH, island, If mile south of
Barra, Outer Hebrides.

MULDRON, place in West-Calder parish,
Edinburghshire. It has a public school
with about 64 scholars.

MULDRON-DRUM, hill in north-western
vicinity of Wilsontown, Lanarkshire.

MULIGRACH, most northerly of Summer
Islands, off mouth of Loch Broom, west
coast, Ross-shire.

MULL, sound, island, and district in
north-west of Argyleshire. The sound
separates the island from the mainland ;
commences at junction of Firth of Lorn
with Loch Linnhe ; goes north-westward
to Aros, north-north-westward thence into
junction with Loch Sunart, and westward
thence to the ocean; measures about 26
miles in length, and seldom more than 3
miles in width ; and has mostly moorish
hilly shores, occasionally with verdant
slopes, and generally overhung by distant,
wild, alpine mountains. — The island is
partially bounded also by Firth of Lorn ;
lies across a central artificial line drawn
from Oban to southern vicinity of Staffa ;
measures 30 miles west-south-westward
along its southern seaboard, 25 miles north-
westward nearly through its centre, and
more than 290 miles in sinuous curvature
round its coast ; consists chiefly of moun-
tain masses, intersecting glens, bold cliffs,
and intruding sea-lochs ; culminates a little
west of its centre in the summit of Ben-
more, 3172 feet above sea-level ; projects
a long broad promontory from its south-
west section to vicinity of Iona ; is narrowed
to an isthmus of about 5 miles between
Aros and Loch-na-Keal head ; and, not-
withstanding the great predominance of
heathy moor and barren waste, contains a
large aggregate of grand scenery. Pop.
5168. — The district comprehends also
Tyree, Coll, Muck, Rum, and Canna
islands, and the mainland parish or
Morvern.

MUL

342

MUR

MULLBUY, broad-based gently-outlined
hill-ridge on west side of Ardmeanach or
Black Isle district, Ross-shire. It extends
north-north-eastward from vicinity of head
of Loch Beauly along east side of Cromarty
Firth to vicinity of Cromarty town ; is 16
miles long ; and commands fine views. A
large section of it is within Urquhart
parish, and has a public school with about
122 scholars.

MULLHEAD, promontory terminating at
8 miles east of Kirkwall, Orkney.

MULLION, detached section of Redgor-
ton parish, Perthshire.

MULLOCH, small bay, convertible into
good harbour, in Rerrick parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

MULLOCH, hill, battle-scene between
Malcolm Canmore and the Danes, crowned
by large cairn, in Aboyne parish, Aber-
deenshire.

MULL OF GALLOWAY. See Galloway

(MULL OF).

MULROY, scene of last Scottish feudal
clan-fight, in centre of Kilmanivaig parish,
Inverness-shire.

MUMBYHIRST, site of Border peel in
Canonbie parish, Dumfriesshire.

MUMRILLS, site of station on Anto-
ninus' "Wall in Larbert parish, Stirling-
shire.

MUNCRAIG, headland and romantic
cliffs in Borgue parish, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

MUNDOLE, woodland in Forres parish,
Elginshire.

MUNESS, ruined feudal castle in south-
east of Unst Island, Shetland.

MUNGO (ST.), parish, with church 3J
miles south-by-west of Lockerby, Dumfries-
shire. Its length is 5 miles ; its greatest
breadth 3 miles ; its area 4897 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £6379. Pop. 653.
The surface is bounded on the south-west
by the Annan, and intersected through
the middle by the Milk ; and it consists
of vales and two low hill-ridges. The
only mansion is Castlemilk. The church
is a handsome edifice of 1876. The public
school is new, and has capacity for 130
scholars.

MUNGO (ST.), Lanarkshire. See High
Church, Glasgow.

MUNGO'S (ST.), remains of old church
in Auchterarder parish, Perthshire.

MUNGO'S (ST.), isle, with ancient
burying-place, in mouth of Loch Leven,
near Ballachulish, Argyleshire.

MUNGO'S (ST.), hill, with vestiges of
volcano, in Huntly parish, Aberdeenshire.

MUNGO'S (ST.), copious spring in Currie
parish, Edinburghshire.

MUNLOCHY, village at head of bay of
its own name, 7 miles north of Inverness.
It has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Inverness,
and a public school with about 103
scholars.

MUNNOCK, burn in Ardrossan parish,
Ayrshire.

MUNZIE, hill and saline spring in Eagles-
ham parish, Renfrewshire.

MURDER, small deep lake in Tinwald
parish, Dumfriesshire.

MURDOCH'S, isle, containing ruined
castle of Murdoch, Duke of Albany, in
Loch Ard, south-west verge of Perth-
shire.

MURIE, seat in Errol parish, Perthshire.

MURIESTON, rivulet, running about
8 miles north-north-eastward to the Linn-
house near Mid-Calder village, Edin-
burghshire.

MURKLE, bay, flagstone quarries, and
estate in Olrig parish, Caithness.

MURRAY, burn, entering Water of
Leith in northern vicinity of Slateford,
E dinburgh shire .

MURRAYFIELD, village on left side of
Water of Leith in western vicinity of
Edinburgh. It consists chiefly of villas,
and it has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, under Edin-
burgh.

MURRAY'S, two pastoral isles in mouth
of Fleet Bay, Kirkcudbrightshire.

MURRAYSHALL, seat and hill in Kin-
noul parish, Perthshire.

MURRAYSHALL, mineral-field in St.
Ninians parish, Stirlingshire.

MURRAY'S (ST.), place, with cairn and
sandstone quarry, in Maybole parish, Ayr-
shire.

MURROCH, glen in Dumbarton parish,
Dumbartonshire.

MURROES, parish, with church 3 miles
north of Broughty Ferry, Forfarshire. Its
post town is Dundee. Its length is 4^-
miles ; its greatest breadth 3| miles ; its
area 5298 acres. Real property in 1880-
81, £11,087. Pop. 749. The surface is
chiefly undulating, with considerable rise
toward the north, and presents, for the
most part, a highly cultivated appear-
ance. The chief residence is Ballumbie,
and the chief antiquities are remains of
two old castles. The public school is
new, and has capacity for 150 scholars.

MURSAY, estate in Bower and Olrig
parishes, Caithness.

MURSLIGOE, cove in Wick parish,
Caithness.

MURTHLY, place, with railway station,
4f- miles south-south-east of Dunkeld,
Perthshire. It has a post office desig-
nated of Perthshire, and a public school
with about 66 scholars. Murthly Castle,
li mile west-north-west of the station,
is a seat of Sir Archibald D. D. Stewart,
Bart., and has extensive grounds, contain-
ing a renovated ancient Roman Catholic
chapel. Perthshire Lunatic Asylum, in
eastern vicinity of the station, was
erected in 1864 at a cost of about
£30, COO, and destined in 1876 to be
improved and enlarged at a cost of about
£9406.

MURTHLY, isolated district of Weem
parish, Perthshire.

MURTLE, estate, with railway station,

MUS

343

NAI

post office under Aberdeen, and elegant
modern mansion, 5^ miles west-south-west
of Aberdeen.

MUSDALE, insular rock adjacent to
south-west end of Lismore Island, Argyle-
shire. It is crowned by a lighthouse with
fixed light visible at the distance of 16
nautical miles.

MUSSELBURGH, town on Firth of Forth,
at mouth of Esk river, 6 miles east-south-
east of Edinburgh. It dates from ancient
times ; contains a bridge supposed to be
Roman, and several buildings and sites of
historical and antiquarian interest ; ranks
now as a sub-seaport, a resort of summer
residents, and a parliamentary burgh ;
unites with Leith and Portobello in send-
ing a member to Parliament ; comprises
Musselburgh-proper on right bank of the
Esk, Fisherrow on left bank, and consider-
able suburbs ; is adjoined by fine downs
called Musselburgh Links, containing an
oval race -course of about 2400 yards;
enjoys charming environs, studded with
mansions and villas ; presents for the most
part a modern, well-built appearance ; and
has a head post office with all departments,
a terminal railway station, 3 banking offices,
a hotel, a town hall enlarged in 1876, a
five-arched bridge of 1807, a monument
to the poet and novelist Dr. Moir, 3 Estab-
lished churches, a Free church, 2 United
Presbyterian churches, a Congregational
church, a handsome Episcopalian church
of 1870, a grammar school, and 4 public
primary schools. Real property of the burgh
in 1880-81, £25,329. Pop. 7866.

MUTHILL, town and parish in south of
Perthshire. The town stands 1^ mile
west of railway station of its own name,
and 3 miles by road south of Crieff ; dates
from the time of the Culdees ; adjoins a
grand wooded avenue toward the north,
and Drummond Castle park on the west ;
presents a well-built, pleasant appearance ;
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, designated of
Perthshire, Established, Free, and Episco-
palian churches, and 2 public schools
with about 268 scholars. Pop. 882.— The
parish contains also a suburb of Crieff ;
measures 10J miles by 4^ ; and comprises
21,916 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£22,776. Pop., quoad civilia, 1702 ; quoad
sacra, 1757. The surface includes part
of Strathearn, from the river to the southern
watershed, exhibits there much beauty
and luxuriance, contains the wooded coni-
cal hill of Torlum, and extends south-
westward into wild upland. The chief
seats are Drummond Castle and Culdees ;
and chief antiquities are a ruined collegiate
church of 15th century in the town, and a
Roman camp or station at Strageath on
the Earn. There are 4 schools for 408
scholars, and an enlargement of 1 of them
for 105 is new.

MUTTONHOLE. See Davidson's Mains.

MYLNEFIELD - FEUS, village, 4 miles
west of Dundee. It has a post office,

with money order department, under Dun-
dee, and a public school with about 148
scholars. Pop. 348.

MYOTHILL, seat and small conical hill
in Denny parish, Stirlingshire.

MYREHEAD, place, with vestige of strong
old tower, in Dryfesdale parish, Dumfries-
shire.

MYRES, estate, with castellated man-
sion, near Auchtermuchty, Fife.

MYRESIDE, village in Kettle parish,
Fife.

MYRETON, quondam burgh of barony
in Penningham parish, Wigtonshire.

MYROCH, small bay on east coast of
Kirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire.

NABAIGH, south - eastern section of
Harris, Outer Hebrides.

NABEANNIBH, northern section of
Harris, Outer Hebrides.

NABO, fine lake in vicinity of Elgin.

NACKERTON, village in Bothwell par-
ish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 556.

NAGANA, picturesque lake in Assynt
parish, Sutherland.

NAGUNNAICHEAN, cavernous chasms,
emitting thunderous sounds during gales,
off north coast of Kilmuir parish, Isle of
Skye.

NAIRN, town and parish on coast of
Nairnshire. The town stands adjacent to
mouth of Nairn river, 15 miles north-east
of Inverness ; dates from at least the time
of "William the Lion ; gave the peerage
title of baron from 1681 till 1746, and from
1824 till 1837, to a family of its own name ;
has given that of baroness since 1874 to
their lady representative ; ranks as a sea-
bathing resort, a sub-port, and a royal
burgh ; unites with Forres, Fortrose, and
Inverness in sending a member to Parlia-
ment ; publishes 2 newspapers, one of
them weekly, the other twice a week ;
presents an appearance partly old and
dingy, partly new and pleasant ; and has
a head, post office with all departments, a
railway station, 4 banking offices, 2 hotels,
steepled town and county buildings, a
public hall, fine artificial baths of 1872, a
large Established church of 1811, a very
large Free church of 1881, 2 Episcopalian
churches, United Presbyterian, Congrega-
tional, and Roman Catholic churches, an
academy, 3 public primary schools, and a
town and county hospital. Real property
in 1880-81, £12,943. Pop. 4161.— The par-
ish contains also Seatown village, measures
8 miles by 6, and comprises 8827 acres.
Real property of landward part in 1880-
81, £7063. Pop. 5368. The seaboard is
low and flat, and the rest of the land is
chiefly a gentle slope. The seats are
Geddes, Viewfield, Newton, Firhall,
Auchrhea, Millbank, Ivybank, and House-
hill ; and chief antiquities are vestiges or
remains of two old castles. Six schools
for 1077 scholars are in the parish, and 3
of them and enlargements for 704 are new.

NAI

344

NEI

NAIRN, river, rising in Inverness-shire
at 9 miles east of middle of Loch Ness, and
running about 31 miles, measured in
straight line, north-eastward to Moray-
Firth at Nairn town.

NAIRNE, extinct seat of Lord Nairn in
Auchtergaven parish, Perthshire.

NAIRNSHIRE, small maritime county,
comprising main body and detached sec-
tions in ancient province of Moray, and
detached section in ancient earldom of
Ross. The main body lies around Nairn
town; extends southward across Findhorn
river to lofty mountain watershed ; mea-
sures 19 miles in length, and from 3^ to
16J miles in breadth ; has a coast-line 7f
miles long ; is, for nearly 6 miles thence,
prevailingly low and flat ; and consists
elsewhere of uplands, less or more lofty,
intersected through the middle by the pic-
turesque vale of the Findhorn. The de-
tached sections lie at distances of from 1\
to more than 20 miles from the main body ;
are surrounded variously by Elginshire,
Inverness - shire, and Ross - shire ; have
such measurements as to be little else than
pendicles ; and, for the most part, are
wildly upland. The entire area of the
county is 215 square miles. The only
town is Nairn, and the only village with
more than 300 inhabitants is Auldearn.
Real property in 18S0-81, £35,801. Pop.
in 1871, 10,225 ; in 1881, 10,454.

NALUIRE, lake on mutual border of
Kiltarlity and Kilmorack parishes, In-
verness-shire.

NAMHOON, small lake, 2 \ miles east of
Aviemore, in Badenoch, Inverness-shire.

NAMOIN, lake in Kildonan parish, Suth-
erland.

NANBREACDEARG, lake in Kiltarlity

parish, Inverness-shire.

NANEAN, lake in Kirkmichael parish,
Perthshire.

NA-NUA. See Lochnanua.

NAORS AL, islet, containing Rhinns point,
adjacent to extremity of Rhinns peninsula,
in Islay Island, Argyleshire.

NARROWS, sheltered anchoring-ground
at head of Loch Scriden, south-west coast
of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

NATHANSTHIRN. See Nenthoen.

NAUGHTON, mansion and ruined old
castle in Balmerino parish, Fife.

NAUNT, rivulet, running about 6 miles
northward to Loch Etive at short distance
west of Bunawe, Argyleshire. It traverses
a deep, narrow, densely-wooded glen, and
makes several cascades.

NAVAR, ancient parish, now united to
Lethnot, Forfarshire.

NAVE, islet off entrance of Loch Grui-
nard, west coast of Islay Island, Argyle-
shire.

NAVER, lake and river in Sutherland.
The lake lies immediately north of Ben-
clybric, nearly in centre of the county ;
extends 7 miles east-north-eastward, with
mean width of 1^ mile ; has, in some parts,
a depth of 30 fathoms ; and contains an

islet with remains of Scandinavian tower.
— The river issues from the lake ; runs
about 16 miles northward to Torrisdale
Bay; traverses a fine strath, formerly
maintaining about 1200 inhabitants, but
now nearly all pastoral ; and is the best
salmon stream in the Northern High-
lands.

NAVIDALE, site of ancient chapel, with
extant burying-ground, in Loth parish,
Sutherland.

NEARTAY, small island in Harris Sound,
Outer Hebrides.

NEATTIE, small lake in Kiltarlity par-
ish, Inverness-shire.

NEDD, small bay, forming natural har-
bour, 1\ miles south-west of Kyle-Skow,
west coast of Sutherland.

NEEDLE, isolated pyramidal rock at
entrance of Quiraing, Isle of Skye.

NEEDLE'S EYE, long, grand, curious
cavern on Gamrie coast, Banffshire.

NEEDLE'S EYE, long, deep, narrow
fissure, swept by rushing billows during
easterly gales, on Slains coast, Aberdeen-
shire.

NEEDLE'S EYE, rude natural arch, about
40 feet high, on Colvend coast, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

NElDPATH, massive structure, partly
peel-tower of 12th century, chiefly thick-
walled quadrangular castle of 15th century,
on the Tweed, about a mile west of Peebles.
It was garrisoned for Charles II.; it resisted
a siege by Cromwell ; it was purchased by
the first Duke of Queensberry, and given
by him to his second son, who became
Baron Neidpath and Earl of March ; and
it went by inheritance to the Earl of
Wemyss.

NEILSLAND, estate in Hamilton parish,
Lanarkshire. It belonged anciently to a
branch of the noble family of Hamilton,
and it was sold in 1871 for £23,000.

NEILSTON, town and parish in upper
ward of Eenfrewshire. The town stands
on the Levern, 8|- miles south-west of
Glasgow ; shares with Barrhead a con-
siderable country trade ; and has a post
office under Glasgow, a railway station,
a banking office, Established, Free, and
Roman Catholic churches, and a large
public school. Pop. 2311.— The parish
contains also Crofthead, "West Arthur-
lee, Newton-Ralston, Gateside, and Up-
lawmoor villages, Cross-Arthurlee and
Grahamston suburbs, and most of Barr-
head town. Its length is nearly 7 miles ;
its greatest breadth 4f miles ; its area
12,481 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£51,556. Pop., quoad civilia, 11,359; quoad
sacra, 4631. The land, in the north-east,
is flat ; through most of the centre, is
valley ; in the west, is part of the
Fereneze Hills ; in the south-east, in-
cludes the fine hill-ridges of Neilston-Pad
and Corkindale-Law, commanding magni-
ficent views. Several lakes and reservoirs
are in the south ; and springs of purest
water, one of them discharging 42 gallons

NEI

345

NET

per minute, are numerous. Chief seats are
Arthurlee and Crofthead ; chief spots of
antiquarian interest are sites of old castles
and two religious houses ; and prominent
objects are numerous printfields, bleach-
fields, and cotton factories. Five places
of worship are in Barrhead. Seven schools
for 1338 scholars are in the parish, and 2
of them for 655 are new. Neilston-Pad is
854 feet high.

NEISH, wooded islet in foot of Loch
Earn, Perthshire.

NELL, lake, 2 miles long, averagely 3
miles east-south-east of Oban, Argyle-
shire. See also LoCHNELL.

NELLFIELD, lands, with quarries and
iron-ore, in Carluke parish, Lanark-
shire.

NEMPHLAR, village and braes on right
side of the Clyde about 2 miles north-west
of Lanark. The village has a public
school.

NENTHORN, hamlet and parish on south
border of Berwickshire. The hamlet lies
4 miles north-west of Kelso, and has Es-
tablished and Free churches, and a public
school with about 67 scholars. Its post
town is Kelso. — The parish measures 5J
miles by and comprises 3454 acres.
Keal property in 1880-81, £5851. Pop.
454. The surface is partly bounded,
partly bisected by Eden rivulet, and is
variously flat, sloping, and undulated.
The seats are Nenthorn House and
Newton-Don. An ancient chapel stood
at Nathansthirn, and became for some
time the parochial church.

NEPTUNE'S STAIRCASE, series of eight
locks on south-west extremity of Cale-
donian Canal, Inverness-shire.

NERSTON, village in East Kilbride
parish, Lanarkshire.

NERVELSTONE, colliery in west ex-
tremity of Lochwinnoch parish, Renfrew-
shire.

NESEIT. See Nisbet.

NESS, each of numerous headlands
and promontories in Shetland, Orkney,
Hebrides, and northern parts of Scottish
mainland. The name is sometimes used
in bald form, sometimes with prefix of
the definite article, and sometimes, as
in Buddonness and Fifeness, with desig-
native prefix.

NESS, bay on south-east coast of North
Ronaldshay Island, Orkney.

NESS, northern section of Lewis, Outer
Hebrides. It has a post office under
Stornoway.

NESS, cavern in small precipitous head-
land, mile east-north-east of Arbroath,
Forfarshire.

NESS, deep, narrow, romantic ravine,
traversed by Doon river, in Dalmellington
parish, Ayrshire.

NESS, lake and river in Inverness-shire.
The lake occupies the bottom of north-
eastern reach of Great Glen ; extends
from Fort- Augustus to Bona Ferry;
measures 23^ miles in length, about l|

mile in mean width, and mostly from 630
to 960 feet in middle depth ; and is closely
flanked by steep mountain-ranges. — The
river issues from the lake, runs 8 miles
north-eastward to head of Moray Firth
at Inverness, and has a mean width of
180 feet, and a mean summer depth of
about 3 feet.

NESS CASTLE, estate with mansion on
Ness river, 5 miles south-west of Inver-
ness. It belonged to Lord Saltoun, and
was sold in 1871 for £90,000 to Sir John
Bams den.

NESSOCK See Portnessock.

NESTING, parish in east side of Shet-
land. It contains "Whalsay post office
under Lerwick ; includes part of Mainland
measuring 18 miles by 4, on coast and sea-
board, from Gletness to Lunanness ; com-
prehends also Whalsay Island, and Bound,
Brurie, Gruna, and Housie skerries ; and
is much diversified, on all its coasts, by
voes and headlands. Real property in
1880-81, £2523. Pop. , quoad civilia, 2626 ;
quoad sacra, 1599. The land comprises
only about 1000 acres in tillage, and is
mostly pastoral or waste. The seats
are Lunna and Whalsay. Established
churches are in the south and the north of
Mainland section and on Whalsay Island.
There are 8 schools for 443 scholars, and
3 of them for 240 are new.

NETHAN, rivulet, running about 11
miles northward to the Clyde at vicinity
of Crossford, Lanarkshire. It passes
Lesmahagow town and Craignethan Castle,
and, while traversing a deep ravine, is,
crossed at about 3 miles from the Clyde
by the loftiest railway viaduct in
Scotland.

NETHANFOOT, village at mouth of
Nethan rivulet, Lanarkshire.

NETHER-BUCKIE. See Buckie.

NETHERBURN, place in south-east of
Dalserf parish, Lanarkshire. It has a
post office under Hamilton, and a railway
station.

NETHERBYRES, seat near Eyemouth,
Berwickshire.

NETHERCLEUGH, railway station, 2\
miles north - north - west of Lockerby ,
Dumfriesshire.

NETHER-COLL, stream, running to
Broad Bay in Stornoway parish, Outer
Hebrides.

NETHERCRAIGS, place, mile south
of Paisley, Renfrewshire.

NETHERCROY, seat in Cumbernauld
parish, Dumbartonshire. A Roman altar
is in its garden.

NETHERDALE, seat in Marnoch parish,
Banffshire.

NETHERFIELD, seat near Strathaven,
Lanarkshire.

NETHERHALL, lands in Kirkmahoe
parish, Dumfriesshire.

NETHERHILL, seat near Paisley,
Renfrewshire.

NETHERHOUSE, estate in Mearns
parish, Renfrewshire.

NET

346

NEW

NETHERH 0 U SE , coal-field in Old
Monkland parish, Lanarkshire.

NETHERINCH, hill-stream in Kilsyth
parish, Stirlingshire.

NETHER-KILRENNY. See Kilrenny.

NETHERLAW, seat and headland in
Rerrick parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

NETHERLEE, village and seat in
Cathcart parish, Renfrewshire.

NETHERLEY, post office under Stone-
haven, seat, and public school in Fetteresso
parish, Kincardineshire.

NETHERMAINS, hamlet in Kinnaird
parish, Perthshire.

NETHERMILL, place in Kirkmichael
parish, Dumfriesshire. It has a public
school with about 116 scholars.

NETHERMILL, place on coast at foot of
deep wooded glen, 10 miles east of Banff.

NETHERMILL, place with distillery
near Fettercairn, Kincardineshire.

NETHERMILL, rivulet, running 7 miles
north-eastward to Firth of Forth at 3|
miles west of Queensferry, Linlithgowshire.

NETHERMILLS , hamlet in Grange
parish, Banffshire.

NETHERMUIR, seat in New Deer
parish, Aberdeenshire.

NETHERPLACE, vestige of strong old
tower in Dryfesdale parish, Dumfriesshire.

NETHERPLACE, printfield in Mearns
parish, Renfrewshire.

NETHERSHIELS, farm, with remains of
Roman camp, in Stow parish, Edinburgh-
shire.

NETHERTON, hamlet in Crawfordjohn
parish, Lanarkshire.

NETHERTON, extinct ancient town,
predecessor of Hamilton town, on ground
now within Hamilton ducal park,
Lanarkshire.

NETHERTON, village in New Kilpat-
rick parish , Dumbartonshire. Pop. 677.

NETHERTON, place in Lesmahagow
parish, Lanarkshire. It has a public
school with about 70 scholars.

NETHERTOWIE, farm, with ruined
ancient chapel, in Towie parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

NETHER-TYNE, bleachfield in King-
horn parish, Fife.

NETHERWOOD, lands with limestone
and sandstone quarries in Cumbernauld
parish, Dumbartonshire.

NETHY, burn, running to the Earn in
Abernethy parish, Perthshire.

NETHY, rivulet, running about 12 miles
northward from Cairngorm Mountains to
the Spey at Abernethy church, Inverness-
shire.

NETHY-BRIDGE, railway station adja-
cent to Nethy rivulet, 4| miles south-west
of Grantown.

NEVAY, ancient parish, now annexed
to Eassie, Forfarshire.

NEVIE, place, with site of ancient
chapel, in Inveraven parish, Banffshire.

NEVIS, sea-loch on mutual boundary of
Knoydart and Morar districts, Inverness-
shire. It measures 13 miles in length,

varies from i mile to 2 miles in breadth,
is closely flanked by mountain-ranges,
and exhibits much picturesqueness.

NEVIS, rivulet traversing Glennevis,
curving round southern base of Bennevis,
making several romantic cascades, and
falling into Loch Eil at Fort-William,
Inverness-shire.

NEWABBEY, village and parish on east
border of Kirkcudbrightshire. The village
stands on a charming tract near north-
east base of Criffel Mountain, 2 miles
west of the Nith and 7 south of Dumfries ;
and has a post office under Dumfries, a
hotel, a ruined abbey of 13th century, a
parochial church of 1876, a Free church,
and a public school with about 73 scholars.
Pop. about 320. — The parish contains also
Drumbarn and Lochend hamlets, measures
about 10 miles by 4 \, and comprises 13,199
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £8237.
Pop. 906. A belt of flat land, partly
carse, adjoins the Nith's estuary ; a slope
ascends thence westward, and is pro-
longed, in the north, by a narrow strath ;
and two hill-ridges, one of them ascend-
ing to summit of Criffel, form most of
the rest of the surface. There are three
lakes, all more or less fringed with wood.
Chief seats are Shambelly and Kinharvey ;
and prominent objects are a Wellington
monument 50 feet high, and a very large
rocking-stone. There are 2 schools for
224 scholars, and 1 of them for 130 is new.

NEW ABERDOUR. See Abeedoue,
Aberdeenshire.

NEWARK, locality more or less identified
with Port-Glasgow, Renfrewshire. The
site of that town is part of a tract origin-
ally called Newark ; a bay at it, converted
at great cost into spacious wet dock, is
still called Newark Bay ; and a portion of
the town, with church containing 1600
sittings, forms the quoad sacra parish of
Newark, constituted in 1855. Newark
Castle, on a small low headland in eastern
vicinity, was the seat of an ancient barony
extending far into Kilmalcolm parish ; is
a massive, quadrangular, well-preserved
pile, mostly of date near end of 16th
century, but partly older; and forms a
striking feature in views from the firth.
Pop. of quoad sacra parish, 3287.

NEWARK, large, square, roofless ancient
castle, scene of Sir Walter Scott's Lay of
the Last Minstrel, 4 miles west-by-north
of Selkirk.

NEWARK, renovated old baronial
fortalice, a seat of Marquis of Ailsa, 4
miles south of Ayr.

NEWARK, ruinous old mansion in Aber-
crombie parish, Fife.

NEWARK, place, with well-preserved
ancient Caledonian stone circle, in Lon-
may parish, Aberdeenshire.

NEWARK, place, with ancient Scandi-
navian remains, and traces of ancient
church, in north-eastern peninsula of
Sanday Island, Orkney.

NEWARTHILL, town amid a rich

NEW

347

NEW

mineral field, 2\ miles north-east of
Motherwell, Lanarkshire. It has a post
office under Motherwell, a railway station,
a United Presbyterian church, and a large
public school. Pop. 1355.

NEWBARNS, estate in Oathlaw parish,
Forfarshire.

NEWBATTLE, village and parish in east
of Edinburghshire. The village stands on
the South Esk about a mile south of
Dalkeith, is a small old place, and has a
parochial church and a large public school.
Its post town is Dalkeith. — The parish
contains also Easthouses, Newton-Grange,
and Stobhill villages, and part of White-
hill. Its length is 5J miles ; its greatest
breadth 3| miles ; its area 5223 acres.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £17,884. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 3346 ; quoad sacra, 2771.
The ground rises from boundary vales in
all directions to a central ridge, with
height of about 680 feet above sea-level.
Coal is extensively worked, and limestone
and sandstone are quarried. Newbattle
Abbey, the chief seat of the Marquis of
Lothian, is a large elegant modern edifice,
and occupies the site of a monastery of
12th century. The only other mansion is
"Woodburn, and the only noticeable extant
antiquity is the remnant of a Roman
station. Established and Free churches
are at Stobhill. Three schools are in the
parish, and have capacity for 540 scholars.

NEWBIGGING, suburb or section of
Musselburgh, Edinburghshire. -

NEWBIGGING, village, 4| miles south-
east of Carstairs Junction, Lanarkshire.
It has a post office under Lanark, a rail-
way station, and a public school with about
53 scholars.

NEWBIGGING, village in Auchtertool
parish, Fife.

NEWBIGGING, seat and limestone
quarries near Burntisland, Fife.

NEWBIGGING, seat in Carnock parish,
Fife.

NEWBIGGING, farm, with long range of
basaltic columns, in Ceres parish, Fife.

NEWBIGGING, hamlet, 2f miles south-
west of St. Andrews, Fife.

NEWBIGGING, village in Monikie parish,
Forfarshire. It has a post office under
Dundee, and a United Presbyterian
church.

NEWBIGGING, village in Newtyle par-
ish, Forfarshire.

NEWBIGGING, village in Tealing parish,
Forfarshire.

NEWBIGGING, place, with small Cale-
donian stone circle and remains of ancient
tower, in Lethnot parish, Forfarshire.

NEWBIGGING, hamlet, with spinning-
mill, in Kinnell parish, Forfarshire.

NEWBIGGING, place in Cargill parish,
Perthshire. It has a public school with
about 137 scholars.

NEWBIGGING, extinct ancient village in
Oxnam parish, Roxburghshire.

NEWBRIDGE, village on Almond river,
9 miles west of Edinburgh.

NEWBRIDGE, hamlet in Terregles par-
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

NEWBURGH, town and parish in extreme
north-west of Fife. The town stands
amid delightful environs on upper part of
Firth of Tay, lOf miles east-south-east of
Perth ; dates from at least 13th century,
and was once a royal burgh ; includes
Mount Pleasant suburb within Abdie par-
ish ; presents for the most part a modern
and attractive appearance ; ranks as a sub-
port, with convenient harbour and con-
siderable commerce ; and has a head post
office with all departments, a railway sta-
tion, a banking office, a town hall, new
waterworks commenced in 1877, Estab-
lished, Free, United Presbyterian, Evan-
gelical Union, and Baptist churches, and
a large public school. Pop. 2366. — The
parish is nearly cut into two sections by
intervention of Abdie, measures about 3
miles by 2, and comprises 1365 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £7554. Pop.
2183. The northern section extends
about 2 miles along the Tay, and is low,
flat, and fertile ; but the other section lies
averagely about 2 miles south of the town,
has much diversity of surface, and includes
elevations of more than 500 feet. A chief
seat is Mugdrum House ; and chief anti-
quities are Mugdrum Cross, Macduff Cross,
and the ruins of Lindores Abbey. There
are 2 schools for 437 scholars, and an
enlargement of one of them for 142 is new.

NEWBURGH, seaport village, 10 miles
north of Aberdeen. It has a post office
under Aberdeen, a banking office, and a
public school with about 191 scholars.
Pop. 636.

NEWBURN, parish between Largo and
Elie, on south coast of Fife. Its post town
is Largo. Its length is about 3J miles ;
its greatest breadth about 2 miles ; its area
3040 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£5516. Pop. 344. The shore is flat,
and the interior rises in fine diversity of
surface north-westward and northward,
and includes part of Largo Law. There
are 4 mansions, and the reputed site of
a Culdee church. The public school has
about 86 scholars.

NEWBYRES, ruined castle near Gore-
bridge, Edinburghshire.

NEWBYTH, village and quoad sacra
parish in Buchan district, Aberdeenshire.
The village stands 6 miles north-west of
New Deer, was founded in 1764, and has
a post office under Turriff, a church of
1852, and 2 public schools with about 158
scholars. Pop. of the village, 491; of
the quoad sacra parish, 1932.

NEWBYTH, seat of Sir David Baird,
Bart., 2 miles north -by- west of East
Linton, Haddingtonshire.

NEWCASTLETON, village on the Liddel,
21£ miles south of Hawick, Roxburgh-
shire. It was founded in 1793 ; it forms
a street nearly a mile long, with intersec-
tion of three squares ; and it has a post
office, with money order and telegraph

NEW

348

NEW

departments, designated of Roxburghshire,
a railway station, a banking office, United
Presbyterian and Evangelical Union
churches, and a public school with about
254 scholars. Pop. 924.

NEW CATHCART. See Cathcaet.

NEWCK, seat in Airth parish, Stirling-
shire.

NEW CRAIGHALL, etc. See Craig-

HALL, etc.

NEWE, seat of Sir Charles J. Forbes,
Bart. , in Strathdon parish, Aberdeenshire.

NEW ELGIN, village in Elgin parish,
Elginshire. Pop. 625.

NEW ENGINE. See Engine.

NEW ENGLAND, small bay, 1\ miles
north of Mull of Galloway, Wigtonshire.

NEWFIELD, seat near Eutherglen,
Lanarkshire.

NEWFIELD, seat in Dundonald parish,
Ayrshire.

NEWFIELDDYKE, village in Slamannan
parish, Stirlingshire. Pop. 153.

NEW GALLOWAY. See Galloway (New).

NEW GILSTON, village in Largoward
quoad sacra parish, Fife. It has a public
school with about 81 scholars.

NEWGORD, pastoral isle adjacent to
Unst, Shetland.

NEW HALLES, railway station and seat,
\ mile west of Fisherrow, Edinburghshire.

NEWHALL, quoad sacra parish in Glas-
gow. Pop. 5199.

NEWHALL, seat, with romantic grounds,
3 miles south-west of Penicuick, Edin-
burghshire.

NEWHALL, seat in Kettins parish,
Forfarshire.

NEWHALL, seat in Fetteresso parish,
Kincardineshire.

NEWHALL, seat in Resolis parish, Ross-
shire.

NEWHALL, quondam town in Crail
parish, Fife.

NEWHALLS, ferry station adjacent to
Queensferry, Linlithgowshire. It figures
in Sir Walter Scott's Antiquary.

NEWHALLS, burn entering Quair rivu-
let, Peeblesshire.

NEWHAVEN, town and quoad sacra
parish on the Forth in Edinburghshire.
The town stands 2J miles north of centre
of Edinburgh ; made some figure in time
of James IV., with prospect of becoming
a place of considerable commerce ; has
long been little else than a prosperous
fishing place, but adjoins Trinity and some
fine tracts thickly studded with villas ;
gave the title of viscount, from 1681 till
1738, to the family of Cheyne ; acquired
extensive harbour improvements, at a cost
of £10,000, in 1876-77 ; and has a post
office with telegraph under Edinburgh,
a banking office, Established and Free
churches, and a large public school. Pop.
of the quoad sacra parish, 4694.

NEWHILLS, parish extending west-
north-westward from a line about 2 miles
west of Aberdeen. Its post town is
Aberdeen. Its length is about 6 miles ;

its greatest breadth about 5 miles ; its
area, 10,282 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £23,379. Pop. 5480. The
surface in the north-east is low and level,
but elsewhere is upland. The seats are
Springhill, Hazelhead, Sheddocksley,
Fairley, Crailston, Cloghill, Gateside,
Waterton, and Newhills Place. The
churches are 2 Established and 1 Free.
There are 8 schools for 954 scholars, and 3
of them for 420 are new. A Convalescents'
Cottage Home was opened in June 1882.

NEWHOLM, estate in Dolphinton par-
ish, Lanarkshire.

NEWHOUSE, village adjacentto north end
of St. Ninians suburb of Stirling. Pop. 33 i.

NEWHOUSE, place about a mile south-
west of Ettrick - Bridge, Selkirkshire.
Ettrick river here has cut the barrier of
an ancient lake, and traverses a deep
ravine flanked by wooded cliffs.

NEWHOUSE, mineral field adjacent to
the Clyde in Both well parish, Lanarkshire.

NEWHOUSEMILL, hamlet on eastern
verge of East Kilbride parish, Lanarkshire.

NEWHOUSES, hamlet in Kirkliston par-
ish, Linlithgowshire.

NEWINGTON, modern, genteel, south-
eastern suburb of Edinburgh. It stands
on a gentle slope, declining to the south ;
consists principally of handsome villas,
along the sides of spacious thoroughfares ;
is adjoined by Grange suburb on the
west, and Mayfield on the south ; and has
a quoad sacra parochial church, Free,
United Presbyterian, and Baptist churches,
and a large public school. Pop. of quoad
sacra parish, 11,904.

NEWINGTON, estate in Kilmany parish,
Fife.

NEW INVERAWE, seat on west shore of
Loch Awe, Argyleshire.

NEW KEITH. See Keith.

NEW KELSO, village on Carron river, 7
miles north-east of Strome Ferry, Ross-shire.

NEW KILPATRICK. See Kilpatrick
(New).

NEW LANARK. See Lanark (New).
NEWLANDRIGG, village in Borthwick

parish, Edinburghshire.

NEWLANDS, parish, containing Noble-
house post office, and Lamancha and
Macbiehill railway stations, in north of
Peeblesshire. It measures about 9 miles
by 3|, and comprises 12,518 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £10,958. Pop. 819.
The surface is chiefly a vale flanked by
hill-ridges, and comprises more than 3300
acres of arable land. Coal, limestone,
sandstone, and chalybeate springs abound.
Chief seats are Whim, Lamancha, Macbie-
hill, Romanno, and Callends ; and chief an-
tiquities are Drochil Castle and vestiges
of several hill-forts. The churches are
Established and United Presbyterian.
There are 2 schools for 157 scholars,
and 1 of them for 90 is new.

NEWLANDS, quoad sacra parish in
Glasgow. Pop. 4415.

NEWLANDS, hamlet in Latheron parish,

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349

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Caithness. It has a public school with
about 101 scholars.

NEWLANDS, extensive bleachfield near
Pollockshaws, Eenfrewshire.

NEWLANDS, or DUNCAN, burn in
Kirkmahoe parish, Dumfriesshire.

NEW LANGHOLM. See Langholm.

NEWLAW, hill, with extensive splendid
views, in Rerrick parish, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

NEW LEEDS. See Leeds (New).

NEWLISTON, seat, 1| mile west of
Kirkliston, Linlithgowshire.

NEW LUCE. See Luce (New).

NEW MACHAR. See Machab (New).

NEWMAINS, town adjacent to Coltness
Ironworks, north of Wishaw, and between
(Jleland and Morningside, Lanarkshire. It
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of Lan-
arkshire, a railway station, and a well- en-
dowed church, projected in 1876 in memory
of a member of the Houldsworth family.
Pop. with Coltness Ironworks, 2682.

NEWMAINS, seat in Lochmaben parish,
Dumfriesshire.

NEWMARKET, village in Stornoway
parish, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 313.

NEWMILL, village and quoad sacra
parish in Banffshire. The village stands
on the Isla, 1J mile north of Keith, and
has a post office under Keith, a recently
erected church, and a piiblic school with
about 116 scholars. Pop. of the village,
651 ; of the quoad sacra parish, 1431.

NEWMILL, place, with public school,
in Hawick parish, Roxburghshire.

NEWMILL, place, with large flour-mill,
in Kilmarnock parish, Ayrshire.

NEWMILL, seat in Dairsie parish,
Fife.

NEWMILL, place, with foundry, in
St. Andrews-Lhanbryde parish, Elgin-
shire.

NEWMILlS, village on Firth of Forth,
4 miles west-south-west of Dunfermline,
Fife.

NEWMILLS, hamlet in Fordyce parish,
Banffshire.

NEWMILLS, place, with corn-mills, in
Jedburgh parish, Roxburghshire.

NEWMILN, harbour on the Forth in
Airth parish, Stirlingshire.

NEWMILNS, town on river Irvine, 1\
miles east of Kilmarnock, Ayrshire. It
consists of Newmilns-proper on right bank
of the river, and Greenholm on left bank ;
enjoys delightful environs, including
' Loudoun's bonnie woods and braes ; '
contains an old tower which figured in the
history of the Covenanters ; and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Kilmarnock, a ter-
minal railway station, a banking office,
Established, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches, 2 public schools with about 404
scholars, and a working men's institute.
Pop. 2860.

NEW MONKLAND. See Monkland
(New).

NEWMORE, seat near Invergordon,
Ross-shire.

NEW NORTH, parish, with Established
and Free churches, in Old Town, Edin-
burgh. Pop. 2792.

NEW PITSLIGO. See Pitsligo (New).

NEWPORT, town on south coast of
Firth of Tay, directly opposite Dundee.
It strictly is both town and village, East
and West ; it ranks as a sub-port of Dun-
dee, and maintains a ferry many times
a-day to that town ; it has an excellent
ferry harbour, 350 feet long and 60 feet
wide, with carriage-way on each side ; it
adjoins or is near numerous handsome
villas and two fine mansions ; and it has
a post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, under Dundee, a hotel,
a quoad sacra parochial church, Free,
United Presbyterian, and Congregational
churches, and a public school with about
195 scholars. Pop. of town, 2311 ; of
quoad sacra parish, 1775.

NEW POSSO. See Dawick.

NEW PRESTWICK. See Prestwick.

NEW RATTRAY. See Rattbay.

NEW REAY, village in Reay parish,
Caithness.

NEW SAUCHIE, suburb of Alloa, Clack-
mannanshire. Pop. 904. See Sauchie.

NEW SAUGHTON, seat in Cramond
parish, Edinburghshire.

NEW SCONE. See Scone.

NEW SEAT, railway station, 4 miles
west of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire.

NEWSHOT, island in the Clyde, 2 miles
north-west of Renfrew.

NEW SPYNIE. See Spynie.

NEWSTEAD, village on the Tweed
about a mile east of Melrose, Roxburgh-
shire. It adjoins ground where Roman
relics have been found, and where a
monastery stood between 9th and 12th
centuries ; it is believed to stand on or
near the site of a Roman town ; and it has
a post office under Melrose. Pop. 301.

NEW STEVENSTON, suburb of Holy-
town, Lanarkshire. It has a public school
with about 180 scholars. Pop. 1048.

NEW TARBAT, quondam seat of Earls
of Cromarty, now a fragmentary ruin, in
Kilmuir-Easter parish, Ross-shire.

NEWTON, parish, containing Millerhill
village, with post office and railway station,
and ten other villages or hamlets, in north-
east of Edinburghshire. Its length is 2f
miles ; its greatest breadth If mile ; its.
area 2033 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£15,000. Pop. 1307. The surface is partly
a gentle slope toward the North Esk,
partly a low ridge, the ends of which are in
contiguous parishes. Coal abounds, and is
extensively worked. The seats are Edmon-
stone, Newton, and Woolmet ; and the
chief antiquity is an ancient church tower.
The public school has about 99 scholars.

NEWTON, suburb of Kirkcaldy, Fife.
It adjoins east end of Linktown, and was
founded about the year 1790, and built on
a regular plan.

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350

NEW

NEWTON, suburb of Carnoustie, For-
farshire.

NEWTON, suburb of Dunning, Perthshire.

NEWTON, village, 6 miles south-east of
Glasgow. It stands on a rich mineral
field, and has a post office, with money-
order department, under Glasgow, a rail-
way station, and an Episcopalian church
of 1875. Pop. 730.

NEWTON, village in Glammis parish,
Forfarshire.

NEWTON, village in Panbride parish,
Forfarshire.

NEWTON, hamlet in Wiston parish,
Lanarkshire.

NEWTON, village in Abercorn parish,
Linlithgowshire. Pop. 109.

NEWTON, village in Pencaitland parish,
Haddingtonshire.

NEWTON, village inKirkpatrick-Fleming
parish, Dumfriesshire.

NEWTON, village in Fintry parish, Stir-
lingshire.

NEWTON, village in Falkland parish, Fife.

NEWTON, suburb of Cupar, Fife.

NEWTON, village in Ross detached
district of Nairnshire. See Ferintosh.

NEWTON, hamlet and estate in Bedrule
parish, Roxburghshire.

NEWTON, section of Millport, on Big
Cumbray Island, Buteshire.

NEWTON, quondam village and ancient
chapelry in Nenthorn parish, Berwickshire.

NEWTON, place, with vestige of ancient
castle, in Glenisla parish, Forfarshire,

NEWTON, estate in Abbey - Paisley
parish, Renfrewshire.

NEWTON, estate, with mansion and two
ancient sculptured standing-stones, in Cul-
salmond parish, Aberdeenshire.

NEWTON, estate in Avondale parish,
Lanarkshire.

NEWTON, estate in Boharm parish,
Banffshire.

NEWTON, seat in Kirkhill parish, In-
verness-shire.

NEWTON, place, with ruined old chapel,
in Kilmadock parish, Perthshire.

NEWTON, seat in Nairn parish, Nairn-
shire.

NEWTON, seat in St. Vigeans parish,
Forfarshire.

NEWTON, seat in "Whit-some parish,
Berwickshire

NEWTON, burn, running from Hemp-
riggs Loch to Wick river in Caithness.

NEWTONAIRDS, seat on the Cluden
in Holywood parish, Dumfriesshire.

NEWTON-ARGYLE, village in South-
end parish, Kintyre, Argyleshire.

NEWTON-DON, seat on Eden rivulet, 3
miles north-west of Kelso.

NEWTON-EDROM. See Edeom.

NEWTON-FERRY, place, with post office
under Lochmaddy, Outer Hebrides.

NEWTON-GRANGE, town in Newbattle
parish, Edinburghshire. It has a post
office under Dalkeith, gasworks of 1873,
and a school with capacity for 280 scholars.
Pop. 1010.

NEWTONHALL, estate in Yester parish,
Haddingtonshire.

NEWTONHALL, seat in Kennoway
parish, Fife.

NEWTONHILL, railway station, 5^ miles
north-by-east of Stonehaven, Kincardine-
shire.

NEWTON-MEARNS, village in Mearns
parish, Renfrewshire. It has a post office
under Glasgow. Pop. 900.

NEWTONMILL, seat in Strickathrow
parish, Forfarshire.

NEWTON-MOOR, or NEWTONMORE,
village in Kingussie parish, Inverness-
shire. It has a post office under Kin-
gussie. Pop. 306.

NEWTON-ON-AYR, suburb and parish
on coast of Ayrshire. The suburb forms
part of Ayr parliamentary burgh ; is sepa-
rated only by Ayr river from Ayr-proper ;
shares largely in the industries and com-
merce of Ayr burgh ; contained, till 1701,
a strong castle of the feudal times ; and
contains now extensions of Ayr harbour,
the original Ayr railway station, Estab-
lished and Free churches, an academy,
and 2 large primary public schools. Pop.
6113. — The parish measures about 1^ mile
by 1, and comprises 585 acres. Real pro-
perty of landward part in 1879-S0, £1806.
Pop. of the whole, 6150. The coast is
flat and sandy, and the interior is nearly

NEWTON-RALSTON, village in Levern
valley between Neilston and Barrhead,
Renfrewshire.

NEWTON ST. BOSWELLS, village, 3±
miles south-east of Melrose, Roxburgh-
shire. It adjoins the station at forking of
railway from Edinburgh toward respec-
tively Hawick and Kelso, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Roxburghshire,
a hotel, waterworks of 1876, a recent
United Presbyterian church, and a pub-
lic school with about 85 scholars. Pop.
423

NEWTONSHAW, village, If mile north of
Alloa, Clackmannanshire. See Sauchie.

NEWTON-STEWART, town on river
Cree, comprising Newton-Stewart-proj>er
on Wigtonshire bank, and Minnigaff suburb
on Kirkcudbrightshire bank, 50J miles by
railway west-by-south of Dumfries. It
was founded in 1701 ; had long a rude
appearance, but underwent much improve-
ment ; is now a centre of considerable
country trade ; publishes a weekly news-
paper ; and has a head post office with all
departments, a railway station, 3 banking
offices, 2 chief inns, a town hall, a lofty
monument to the Earl of Galloway who
died in 1873, a handsome five-arched bridge,
2 Established churches, 2 Free churches,
a United Presbyterian church of 1878,
Episcopalian and Roman Catholic churches,
and a great suite of schools called the
Ewart Institute. Pop. of town-proper,
2645 ; with Minnigaff suburb and Cree-
bridge, 3072.

NEW

351

NIN

NEWTON-WAMPHRAY, or GILGAL, ham-
let in Wamphray parish, Dumfriesshire.

NEWTOWN, place, with public school,
in Inverary parish, Argyleshire.

NEW TOWN. See Edinburgh.

NEW TROWS, village in Lesmahagow
parish, Lanarkshire.

NEWTYLE, village and parish on south-
west border of Forfarshire. The village
stands 16f miles by railway north-west-by-
west of Dundee ; was founded in 1832, in
relation to the Dundee and Newtyle Eail-
way ; assumed a neat and prosperous ap-
pearance ; and now has a post office under
Coupar- Angus, a railway station and
depot, Established and Free churches, and
2 public schools with capacity for 204
scholars. Pop. 409. — The parish con-
tains also Newbigging village and several
hamlets, measures about 2r? miles by 2,
and comprises 5192 acres. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £12,586. Pop. 911. The
surface lies partly in Strathmore, partly
among Sidlaw Hills, and includes a hill-
pass called Glack-of-Newtyle, regarded
from old times as a strong military pass,
and now traversed by Dundee and Newtyle
Eailway. Hatton Castle, built in 1575,
and now a ruin, commanded the pass.
The shell of an old observatory crowns one
of the hills, and figures in a great extent
of landscape.

NEWTYLE, wooded hill in eastern vicin-
ity of Dunkeld, Perthshire. It commands
rich extensive views.

NEWYEARFIELD, farm, with site of
hunting-seat of the kings of Scotland, in
Livingstone parish, LinlithgoAvshire.

NIBEN, islet in Northmaven parish,
Shetland.

NICHOLAS (ST.). See Aberdeen.

NIDDRY, village and seat, 3^ miles
south-east of Edinburgh. The village
commands a delightful view, and has a
public school with about 115 scholars. —
The seat is partly an ancient baronial
fortalice, partly a handsome modern edi-
fice, and is near vestiges of an ancient
chapel.

NIDDRY, hamlet and ruined ancient
castle in Kirkliston parish, Linlithgow-
shire. The castle stands adjacent to rail-
way, \ mile south-east of Winchburgh,
belonged to the Earls of Winton, received
Queen Mary on her escape from Loch
Leven, and gave the peerage title of baron
to General Sir John Hope, afterwards
fourth Earl of Hopetoun.

NIGG, parish in extreme north-east of
Kincardineshire. It has a post office of its
own name under Aberdeen, contains the
post office villages of Cove and Torry, and
the villages of Burnbank and Charleston,
and is separated by only the river Dee from
Aberdeen. Its length is about 5 miles ;
its greatest breadth 3 miles ; its area 4432
acres. Eeal property in 1880-81, £16,163.
Pop. 2935. The north border is partly
low ground along Aberdeen harbour,
partly Girdleness promontory crowned by

lighthouse with two fixed lights ; the east
side includes Nigg Bay, of half-moon
form, about \ mile in diameter, imme-
diately south of Girdleness, and presents
thence to the sea a bold cavernous breast
of rock from 60 to 80 feet high ; and the
interior and western sections are mainly
unarable and wild. The churches are
Established and Free. Public schools are
at Cove, Torry, and Kirkhill.

NIGG, parish, chiefly peninsulated, be-
tween Moray Firth and north side of
Cromarty Firth in east of Boss-shire. It
contains Shandwick, Balnabruach, and
Balnapellin villages, has a post office of its
own name under Inverness, and communi-
cates with Nigg railway station in its
north-western vicinity. Its length is 6
miles ; its breadth from 2 to 3| miles.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £6842. Pop.
1000. Nigg Bay flanks the west side,
forms a northward projection of Cromarty
Firth, has a triangular outline contracting
from 4^ miles to a point, and is bare at
efflux of the tide. About two-thirds of
the land are fertile plain or slope, and the
rest consists of Nigg Hill extending along
the east coast, rising to heights of from
300 to 500 feet, commanding very grand
views, and presenting to the sea fissured
cavernous cliffs. The chief seat is Bay-
field; and the chief antiquities are the
sculptured stone of Shandwick, a similar
stone now placed at gable of parochial
church, and traces of a fort erected by
William the Lion. The churches are
Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian. There are 2 public schools with
capacity for 180 scholars, and both are
new.

NIGG STATION, station, 7f miles north-
north-east of Invergordon, Eoss-shire. It
has a post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, designatedof Eoss-shire.

NINEMILEBURN, village in Penicuick
parish, Edinburghshire. It has a public
school with about 47 scholars.

NINESTANERIG, hill, where Lord Soulis
is traditionally said to have been burned
to death, in Castleton parish, Eoxburgh-
shire.

NINEWARE, seat, 3f miles west-south-
west of Dunbar, Haddingtonshire.

NINEWELLS, seat near Chirnside, Ber-
wickshire. It was built in 1841 to super-
sede a previous mansion, the birth-place
and occasional residence of David Hume.

NINEWELLS, copious pure spring in
hill district of Newburgh parish, Fife.

NINIAN'S (ST.) (popularly ST. RINGAN'S),
town and parish in Stirlingshire. The
town stands nominally \\ mile south of
Stirling, but is nearly united to it by the
intermediate villages of Bellfield and New-
house, and forms part of its Parliamentary
burgh ; has intimate association with the
battlefield of Bannockburn ; extends to
within \ mile of the ' Bore Stone,' where
Bruce planted his standard ; retains the
steeple of a church used as a powder-

NIN

352

NOR

magazine by Prince Charles Edward in
1746, and then blown to pieces; consists
principally of one long, narrow, dingy
street ; and has a post office under Stirling,
Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
and Baptist churches, and a large public
school. Pop. 1654. — The parish contains
also Bannockburn and Cambusbarron
towns, and Bannockburn-Muir, Whins-
of -Milton, Bellfield, Newhouse, Plean,
Torbrex, Charterishall, Greenyards, and
Auchinbowie villages. Its length is 13
miles ; its greatest breadth nearly 8 miles ;
its area 38,012 acres. Keal property of
landward part in 1880-81, £59,243. Pop.
of the whole, quoad civilia, 10,423 ; quoad
sacra, 6105. The river Forth, except
for a short distance contiguous to Stirling,
traces all the northern boundary, and
effects there most of the serpentine wind-
ings called Links of Forth. The land, in
the east, is nearly all carse ; in the middle,
is variously undulating, broken, and hil-
iocky ; in the west, is mostly part of the
Lennox Hills, either moorish or poorly
pastoral Coal abounds and is extensively
worked. Chief residences are Touch, Pol-
maise, Craigforth, Sauchie, Auchintowie,
Plean, Throsk, and Carnock ; chief anti-
quities are a Roman road, five Roman
camps, and ruins or vestiges of several
baronial fortalices ; and historical places
are the battlefields of Bannockburn and
Sauchie, the skirmish-field of Newhouse,
and part of the battlefield of Stirling.
Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian churches are at Bannockburn, an
Established church is at Plean, and a Free
church is at Cambusbarron. Ten schools
for 1344 scholars, besides the large one in
the town, are within the parish, and 6 of
them for 940 are new.

NINIAN'S (ST.), island in Dunrossness
parish, Shetland.

NINIAN'S (ST.), famous spring near Lam-
ington village, Lanarkshire.

NINIAN'S (ST.), Episcopalian cathedral
in Perth.

NINIAN'S (ST.), site or remains of
ancient chapels in Edinburgh, Aberdeen,
Bute Island, Sanday Island, St. Ninian's
parish, St. Vigeans parish, Penningham
parish, Loth parish, Urquhart parish,
Wick parish, and other parts of Scot-
land.

NINIAN'S (ST.), quondam notable hospital
in Gorbals, Glasgow.

NIPPES, hill in New Cumnock parish,
Ayrshire.

NISBET, hamlet and ancient parish, now
in Crailing, Roxburghshire. The hamlet
lies adjacent to the Teviot, 3f miles north-
north-east of Jedburgh, represents an
ancient village of considerable note, and
has a railway station and a recently con-
structed bridge.

NISBET, hamlet on the Tyne, 4| miles
south-west of Haddington.

NISBET, seat, 2 miles south-east of
Dunse, Berwickshire.

NISBET, estate in Culter parish, Lanark-
shire.

NITH, river, partly of Ayrshire, and
partly on north-eastern boundary of Kirk-
cudbrightshire, but chiefly traversing
western district of Dumfriesshire. It rises
7 miles south-west of New Cumnock ; runs
11 miles eastward to Kirkconnel ; goes
thence chiefly south-south-eastward about
39 miles to Solway Firth at about 3 miles
below Glencaple ; and is tidal and navi-
gable from Dumfries to its mouth. But
its tides, like those of the Solway, 4 flow
with a bore or breast of water,' and make
a long recess at the reflux.

NITHSDALE, anciently a political terri-
tory of shifting limits, more or less com-
mensurate with the basin of the Nith, and
sometimes called Strathnith ; but now the
western one of the three great divisions of
Dumfriesshire. Yet while now excluding
the portions of the basin within Ayrshire
and Kirkcudbrightshire, it includes the
long narrow tract drained to the Solway
by Lochar rivulet. Nithsdale gave the
title of earl from 1620 till 1716 to the
family of Maxwell.

NITHSIDE, seat in Troqueer parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

NITSHILL, village in Levern vale, 4
miles south-east of Paisley, Renfrewshire.
It adjoins extensive mineral works, and
has a railway station and a Free church.
Pop. 1001.

NIVINGSTONE, place, with sandstone
quarry, in Cleish parish, Kinross-shire.

NOBLEHOUSE, place, 3 miles east-south-
east of Linton, Peeblesshire. It has a head
post office with money order and telegraph
departments.

NOCHTY, rivulet, running 7 miles south-
eastward to the Don in Strathdon parish,
Aberdeenshire.

NODDLE, rivulet in Largs parish, Ayr-
shire.

NOE, stream traversing Glennoe, in Ard-
chattan parish, Argyleshire.

NOIR, lake in Dallas parish, Elgin-
shire.

NOLTLAND, ruined strong, thick-walled,
ancient castle on north-west coast of "Wes-
tray Island, Orkney.

NOOP, bay and headland in north-west
of Westray Island, Orkney.

NOOP, mural headland, nearly 500 feet
high, on east side of Noss Island, Shetland.

NORAN, rivulet, running about 11 miles
southward and east-south-eastward to the
South Esk at 4 miles west-by-south of
Brechin, Forfarshire.

NORANSIDE, seat on Noran rivulet,
Forfarshire.

NORMANDYKES, trace of large Roman
camp, perhaps site of Roman town, on
hill-top, with delightful view, in Petercul-
ter parish, Aberdeenshire.

NORMAN'S LAW, lofty hill, with rough
remains of ancient fortification, and with
charming view, 4 miles east-by-north of
Newburgh, Fife.

NOR

353

NOR

NORRIE'S LAW, rising-ground, where
Roman relics have been found, in Largo
parish, Fife.

NORRIESTON, quoad sacra parish, with
village 6 miles south-south-east of Cal-
lander, Perthshire. The village stands
conjoint with Thoniiill, and has a
parochial church with 870 sittings, and a
Free church. — The parish includes also
Thornhill, with post office under Stirling,
and a large public school. Pop. 1032.

NORSHIELD, farm, with pretty entire
ancient circular camp, in Eddlestone
parish, Peeblesshire.

NORTHBAR, village, 2 miles south-east
of Beith, Ayrshire.

NORTH BARR, estate, with site of old
castle of Lords Sempill, in Erskine parish,
Renfrewshire.

NORTH BERWICK. See BERWICK
(North).

NORTH BRITISH RAILWAY, extensive
railway system, with centres in Edinburgh
and Glasgow, and with lines, branches,
and connections throughout much of
Scottish Lowlands, southward into Eng-
lish border, and northward to Aberdeen.
It was originally a line of 58 miles from
Edinburgh to Berwick, with branch of 4
miles to Haddington, authorized in 1844,
and opened in 1846 ; it afterwards in-
cluded the Edinburgh and Dalkeith, 16
miles ; the Edinburgh and Hawick, 43J
miles ; branches to Tranent, Cockenzie,
North Berwick, Dunse, Selkirk, Jedburgh,
and Kelso, 42 miles ; the Peebles, 21 miles ;
and two lines in Cumberland, 21 miles ; it
subsequently acquired, by amalgamation,
the Edinburgh, Perth, and Dundee, the
"West of Fife, the Monkland, and the
Edinburgh and Glasgow, together with
their several connections and branches ;
it includes also the Border Union from
Hawick to Carlisle, the Border Counties
from Riccarton to Hexham, the "Wansbeck
across Northumberland, the Tay-Bridge
line from Leuchars to Dundee, the
Arbroath and Montrose, and a number of
recent branches ; and it had, in 1879-80,
a stock and share capital of £22,650,016,
an ordinary capital of £6,283,239, and a
loans and debenture stock of £7,272,857..
The dividends on the preference shares, in
the early part of 18S0, notwithstanding
the loss by the fall of the Tay bridge,
were paid in full ; but the dividends on
the ordinary shares were then nil, and
they had fluctuated between nil and 4j
per cent since 1873.

NORTH BUTE. See Bute (North).

NORTH CALDER. See Calder (North).

NORTH CHURCH, quoad sacra parish in
Paislev. Pop. 7844.

NORTHDALE, place, with remains of
old chapel, in North Yell parish, Shetland.

NORTH ESK. See E-^K (North).

NORTHFIELD, fishing village in Cold-
ingham parish, Berwickshire.

NORTHFIELD, seat in Annan parish,
Dumfriesshire.

NORTHFIELD, seat in Duffus parish,
Elginshire.

NORTHFIELD, estate in Bower parish,
Caithness.

NORTHFIELD, old mansion at west end
of Prestonpans, Haddingtonshire.

NORTH KNAPDALE. See Knapdale
(North).

NORTHMAVEN, parish in north-west of
Shetland. It contains the post office
villages of Hillswick and OUaberry, com-
prehends northern part of Mainland and
a number of adjacent islets, and measures
16 miles by 8. Real property in 1880-81,
£2274. Pop. 2269. An isthmus about
100 yards wide, mostly submerged at
spring tides, forms the sole connection
with the rest of Mainland. The coast is
indented by numerous bays ; consists
largely of high precipitous rocks ; presents
to the west a series of lofty, fissured,
cavernous cliffs ; is flanked, at brief dis-
tance, by many skerries, bold islets, and
lofty insulated rocks ; and exhibits great
diversity and force of romantic scenery.
The interior comprises a very small aggre-
gate of arable land ; consists mostly of
rough rising-grounds and bleak hills ; and
culminates on Rona or Roeness Hili,
1476 feet high, crowned by an ancient
watch-tower, and commanding a view of
nearly all Shetland. Remains of other
ancient watch-houses, and remains of
barrows and dunes, are numerous. The
churches are the parochial with about 600
sittings, 2 mission stations on the Royal
Bounty, and United Presbyterian, Con-
gregational, and Methodist churches.

NORTHMUIR, village in Kirriemuir
parish, Forfarshire. Pop. 315.

NORTH OF SCOTLAND RAILWAY
(GREAT), railway system north-west-
ward and northward from Aberdeen. It
originally consisted of a line from Aber-
deen to Huntly opened in 1S54, a branch
from Inverury to Old Meldrum opened in
summer of 1856, and a prolongation from
Huntly to Keith opened in October 1856 ;
but it now comprises also a prolongation
from Keith to Elgin, the Morayshire
from Craigellachie to Lossiemouth, the
Deeside from Aberdeen to Ballater, a
branch from Kintore to Alford, a line
from Inveramsay to Macduff, and a line
from Dyce Junction to Maud, forking
there into branches to Fraserburgh and
Peterhead. Its stock and share capital in
1879-80 was £2,960,724; its ordinary
capital, £87,791 ; its loans and debenture
stock, £956,807. The dividend for its
ordinary stock in January 18 ^0 was 1 per
cent.: at end of next half-year, nil. A
branch to Buckie was projected in 1881.

NORTH RONALDSHAY. See RoNALD-
shay (North).

NORTH TARRY, seat and factory in St.
Vigeans parish, Forfarshire.

NORTH TOLSTA, place, 12 miles north
by-west of Stornoway, Outer Hebrides. It
J has a post office under Stornoway.

NOR

354

OBA

NORTH UIST. See Uist (Nokth).

NORTHWALL, ancient chapelry, now
part of Lady parish, Sanday Island,
Orkney.

NORTH WATER, head-stream of the
South Esk, Edinburghshire.

NORTH WATER, river North Esk in
Forfarshire, and on boundary with Kin-
c&rciin6sliii'G

NORTH WATER BRIDGE, place, 3 miles
north of Montrose, Forfarshire. It has
a post office under Laurencekirk, and a
railway station.

NORTHWEST CASTLE, seat in Inch
parish, Wigton shire.

NORTH YELL. See Yell (North).

NORTON, seat in Ratho parish, Edin-
burghshire.

NORWICK, bay, public school, and
ruined old church, with burying-place, on
east side of Unst Island, Shetland.

NOSS, island, less than \ mile east of
Bressay, Shetland. It measures about 5J
miles in circuit ; consists mostly of fertile
pleasant land ; has, on its east coast, the
lofty mural headland of Noop ; and is
separated on the south-east by only a
narrow chasm from the tabular, cliff-girt,
lofty islet of Holm-of-Noss. Pop. 3.

NOSS, bold rocky promontory on south
side of Sinclair Bay, 3 miles north-east of
Wick, Caithness. It is crowned by a
lighthouse with revolving light visible at
the distance of 18 nautical miles.

NOTH, lofty conical hill, with remains of
vitrified fort, in Rhynie parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

NOTHLAND. See Noltland.

NOVAR, railway station and seat, 6£
miles north-by-east of Dingwall, Boss-
shire.

NUNGATE, suburb of Haddington. Pop.
564.

NUNRAW, seat in Garvald parish,
Haddingtonshire.

NUNSBURGH, headland, hamlet, and
Scandinavian burgh in Sandsting parish,
Shetland.

NUN'S CAVE, cavern marked with
crosses in Innimore headland, on south
coast of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

NUNS' ISLAND, islet adjacent to Iona,
Argylesbire.

NUNS' WELL, one of three famous
springs, surmounted by modern pillars, in
Ladykirk parish, Berwickshire.

NUNTON, hamlet on Benbecula Island,
Outer Hebrides. It has a post office
under Lochmaddy, and a banking office.

NUNTOWN, two farms, high and low,
named from extinct ancient nunnery, in
Twynholm parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

NUTBERRY, hill, 1712 feet high, 6 miles
south-west of Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire.

NUTHILL, seat about a mile west of
Falkland, Fife.

NUTHOLM, hill in St. Mungo parish,
Dumfriesshire.

NUTWOOD, seat in Berrick parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire .

OA, peninsula and quoad sacra parish in
south-east of Islay Island, Argyleshire.
The peninsula forms the south - eastern
section of the island ; contains on its
south-east coast the village of Port-Ellen,
with post office under Greenock ; projects
to the south - south - west a grand lofty
promontory called Mull of Oa ; and is
crowned at extremity of that promontory
by ruined strong ancient fortalice. — The
parish comprehends large portion of the
peninsula, was constituted in 1849, and
has a modern church and a public school.
Pop. 247.

OAKBANK, village in Kirknewton parish,
Edinburghshire. It adjoins oil - works,
and has a public school with about 76
scholars. Pop. 506.

OAKFIELD, village in Beath parish, Fife.

OAKLEY, village and seat, 4J miles west
of Dunfermline, Fife. The village is en-
tirely modern, adjoins extensive iron-
works, and has a post office under Dun-
fermline, a railway station, and a Roman
Catholic church. Pop. 191.

OAKSHAW, hill in Abbey-Paisley parish,
Renfrewshire.

OAKWOOD, ruined ancient tower on
Ettrick river, 4 miles south-west of Selkirk.
It belonged to the Scotts of Harden, and
was occupied for some time by the reputed
wizard Sir Michael Scott.

OATFIELD, hamlet in Campbelton parish ,
Argyleshire.

OATHLAW, parish, with church 3 \
miles north-by-east of Forfar. It contains
Finhaven hamlet, is itself sometimes called
Finhaven, measures 6 miles by 3, and com-
prises 5274 acres. Real property in 1880-
81, £5649. Pop. 440. Much of the
surface is low land adjacent to the South
Esk, and part is the north side of a lofty
hill. Chief antiquities are ruins of Fin-
haven Castle, and remains of a large
Roman camp. The public school has
capacity for 63 scholars.

OATLANDS, south-western suburb of
Glasgow. It is of recent origin, and has a
post office, with money order department,
under Glasgow, a chapel-of-ease, and a
United Presbyterian church.

OBAN, coast town on crescent - shaped
bay on east side of Firth of Lorn, at
terminus of Callander and Oban Railway,
39 miles by road north-west of Inverary,
and 45 by water north of Ardrishaig,
Argyleshire. It was founded in 1791 ; it
had a rental of £1719 in 1847, and of
£8423 in 1866 ; it made rapid increase in
subsequent years, and underwent great
changes in connection with completion of
the rail way to it in 1880 ; it acquired ex-
tensions of its harbour in sea-walls and
other works before the end of 1881 ; it
came to be regarded by some spectators as
prospectively a ' Celtic Liverpool ' ; it was
bewailed by Professor Blackie in October
1879 as undergoing alterations and en-
largements in a manner most detrimental
to its beauty ; it comprises streets in

OBB

355

OIK

regular alignment, and presents a fine
frontage to the bay ; it enjoys charming
environs, and commands near or ready
access to many objects and scenes of high
interest ; it serves as the central point for
steam-vessel communication between the
Clyde on the south and the Deucaledonian
sea and the Caledonian Canal on the
north; it contains numerous hotels and
many genteel lodging-houses ; it ranks as
a parliamentary burgh, and unites with
Inverary, Campbelton, Irvine, and Ayr in
sending a member to Parliament ; it pub-
lishes 2 weekly newspapers ; and it has
a head post office with all departments, 4
banking offices, a court-house, 2 Established
churches, Free, United Presbyterian, Con-
gregational, Episcopalian, and Roman
Catholic churches, and 2 public schools
with about 290 scholars. Real property
in 1880-81, £20,054. Pop. 3991.

OBBE, hamlet and salmon - stream in
Harris, Outer Hebrides. The hamlet has
a post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, under Stornoway.

OBINAG, semicircular creek, well-
sheltered harbour, in Glenshiel parish,
Ross-shire.

OBNEY, short high hill-range in Auch-
tergaven parish, Perthshire.

OCAL, interesting cavern in Ardna-
murchan parish, Argyleshire.

OCCLESTER, place of cattle-markets in
St. Andrews parish, Orkney.

OCCUMSTER, headland near Lybster,
Caithness.

OCHILS, hill-range east-north-eastward
from eastern vicinity of Stirling to southern
vicinity of Perth. It measures about 24
miles in length, and 12 miles in mean
breadth ; it culminates in Bencleuch and
Craigrossie at altitudes of 2352 and 2859
feet above sea-level ; it includes carboni-
ferous rocks in its eastern skirts, but con-
sists mainly of traps, with much variety
and value of rare minerals ; it presents
some abrupt bald faces, but has mostly
roundish verdant shoulders and summits ;
and it is so cut and diversified by glens and
defiles as to possess abundance of fine close
scenery.

OCHILTREE, village and parish in Kyle
district, Ayrshire. The village stands on
the Lugar, 4 miles west of Cumnock ;
made some figure in violent scenes of early
times of James V. , and in the insurrection
of the Covenanters in 1666 ; gave the
peerage title of baron to a branch of the
Stewarts from 1543 till 1675 ; and now
has a post office, with money order depart-
ment, under Cumnock, a railway station,
Established and Free churches, and a
large public school. Pop. 523. — The parish
measures 8 miles by 5, and comprises
18,328 acres. Real property in 1879-80,
£20,066. Pop. 1493. The surface con-
sists of hill-ridges and intervening vales
or dingles ; and, to fully two-thirds of its
extent, is arable. Ochiltree Castle is ex-
tinct, and Auchendoich Castle is a ruin.

There are 2 schools for 298 scholars, and
1 of them and a class-room for 140 are new.

OCHILTREE, eminence, with traces of
Roman camp, in south-east of Linlithgow
parish, Linlithgowshire.

OCHTERLONY, seat in Rescobie parish,
Forfarshire.

OCHTERTYRE, seat,3| miles south-south-
east of Doune, Perthshire. It was visited
by Sir Walter Scott and Robert Burns,
and it has delightful grounds, mentioned
in The Lady of the Lake.

OCHTERTYRE, seat in Monivaird parish,
Perthshire.

OCHTO, mission-station in Kincardine
parish, about 13 miles from Kincardine
church, Ross-shire.

OCKREN, headland in south-west of
Nor-thmaven parish, Shetland.

ODAIRN, sea-loch, 12 miles south of
Stornoway, Outer Hebrides.

ODIN'S CAVE, vast cavern on south side
of Loch Buy, south coast of Mull Island,
Argyleshire. It is believed to have been
a retreat of the Scandinavian pirates ; and
it gave shelter for many months after the
battle of Culloden to Lord Lovat.

ODINSWICK. See Otterswick.

ODNESS, headland on east side of
Stronsay Island, Orkney.

OFFERS, ruined historical bridge on the
Forth, 5J miles west-by-north of Stirling.

OGILFACE, vestige of ancient castle,
seat of ancient Barons of Ogilface, in
Torphichen parish, Linlithgowshire.

OGILVTE, glen and quondam castle in
Glammis parish, Forfarshire.

OGILVY, ruined castle in Blackford par-
ish, Perthshire.

OGLE, two seats, Easter and "Wester, in
Tannadice parish, Forfarshire.

OGLE, Perthshire. See Glenogle.

OGSTON, ancient parish, now part of
Drainie, Elginshire.

OICH, lake and river in Great Glen,
Inverness-shire. The lake commences 9
miles south-west of Fort-Augustus ; is 3|
miles long, and from \ furlong to 2 fur-
longs wide ; lies at elevation of 1000 feet
above sea-level ; forms the summit-level
of Caledonian Canal ; contains one or two
wooded islets ; receives on its north-west
side the river Garry ; and is flanked by
green banks and steep lofty hills.— The
river issues from the lake, and runs in
curved line to head of Loch Ness at Fort-
Augustus.

OIKELL, river, rising at south skirt of
Benmore-Assynt, and running about 23
miles successively south-eastward, east-
ward, and east-south-eastward to head of
Kyle of Sutherland. Its basin for about
half-way is wildly Highland, afterwards
is vale or strath ; its current, before reach-
ing the vale, makes a series of wild cata-
racts and a great cascade ; and its waters,
up to Rosehall, are navigable by boats,
and nearly to that point tidal. The
Dornoch Firth, commencing in Kyle of
Sutherland, is properly the Oikell's estuary.

OIS

356

ORA

OISGIL, bay in Kilmuir parish, Isle of
Skye.

OISHNIE, small lake in Dowally parish,
Perthshire.

OLA (ST.), landward part of Kirkwall
parish, Orkney.

OLD ABERDEEN, etc. See Aberdeek,
etc.

OLD CAMBUS. See Aldcambus.

OLDCASTLE, fishing village in Slains
parish, Aberdeenshire.

OLD CAULDRON, very deep lake in
Dryfesdale parish, Dumfriesshire.

OLD CUMNOCK, etc. See Cumnock, etc.

OLD FINGLAND, early affluent of the
Tweed in Tweedsmuir parish, Peeblesshire.

OLDHALL, quondam ancient tower in
Gargunnock parish, Stirlingshire.

OLDHAMSTOCKS, village in Hadding-
tonshire, and parish partly also in Ber-
wickshire. The village stands 2^ miles
west-south-west of Cockburnspath, and
18J east-south-east of Haddington, and
has a post office under Cockburnspath,
Established and Free churches, and a
public school with about 78 scholars.— The
parish contains also Bilsdean village ; com-
prehends a main body mostly in Hadding-
tonshire, and a detached section, If mile
to the south-east, all in Berwickshire ;
measures about 6 miles by 3 in the main
body ; and comprises 6492 acres in Had-
dingtonshire and 2345 in Berwickshire.
Real property in 1880, £5295 and £1856.
Pop. 568. The surface includes 1§ mile of
bold rocky coast, and an adjacent belt of
low undulating ground ; and it rises thence
first into a succession of small hills, and
afterwards into the Lammermoors. Chief
objects of interest are the mansion, grounds,
and dean of Dunglass.

OLDHAVEN, small cliff -screened bay in
Gamrie parish, Banffshire.

OLD IRONWORKS, village in Gladsmuir
parish, Haddingtonshire. Pop. 211.

OLD KILPATRICK, etc. See KlL-

PATRICK, etc.

OLD KIRK, parish in Old Town, Edin-
burgh. Pop. 3136.

OLDMORE, hill, with about 300 in-
habitants, in Keith parish, Banffshire.

OLDNEY, island and harbour in Assynt
parish, Sutherland. Pop. 4.

OLD PLACE, village in Blantyre parish,
Lanarkshire.

OLD RAYNE, village, 9 miles north-west
of Inverury, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Insch, and a public school
Avith about 80 scholars.

OLD ROME, village and colliery in
Dundonald parish, Ayrshire.

OLD ROSEISLE, hamlet in Duffus parish,
Elginshire.

OLD ROXBURGH. See Roxburgh.

OLDSHIELDS, estate, with remains of
Caledonian stone circle, in Biggar parish,
Lanarkshire.

OLDSHOREMOLE, place, with large
public school, in Edderachyllis parish,
Sutherland.

OLDTOWN, place, with public school,
in Kennethmont parish, Aberdeenshire.

OLDWALLS, vestige of strong old tower
in Dryfesdale parish, Dumfriesshire.

OLD WATER, affluent of the Cluden on
north-east border of Kirkcudbrightshire.

OLD WIFE'S POINT, headland on north-
west coast of Mull Island, Ar-gyleshire.

OLGRINMORE, place, with public school
and site of ancient chapel, in Halkirk
parish, Caithness.

OLIVER, seat and site of ancient
baronial fortalice in Tweedsmuir parish,
Peeblesshire.

OLIVER'S KNOLL, spot, with traces of
camp ascribed to Cromwell, on Firth of
Forth, near Burntisland, Fife.

OLLABERRY, hamlet on east coast of
Northmaven parish, Shetland. It has a
post office under Lerwick, a chapel-of-
eace, a United Presbyterian church, and
ruins of old parochial church.

OLLA'S, voe or bay on west side of
Sandsting parish, Shetland.

OLNAFIRTH, bay and hamlet in Delting
parish, Shetland. The bay strikes east-
ward from south-east part of St. Magnus
Bay, and is about 5 miles long. — The ham-
let lies at its head, and has an Established
church.

OLRIG, parish, containing Castletown
post town, on north coast of Caithness.
Its length is about 5 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 3J miles. Real property in
1880-81, £9521. Pop. 2002. The coast
extends along Dunnet Bay to within 2|
miles of Thurso, and includes some sandy
links. The interior is partly flat, partly
hilly. Olrig Hill rises to a height of 453
feet, has vestiges of an ancient watch-
tower, and commands an extensive view.
Flagstone abounds, and is very largely
quarried and exported. The seats are
Olrig, Murkle, and Ratter. The site of
an ancient nunnery, and the scene of a
notable battle between two Scandinavian
earls, are near Murkle ; and the site of an
ancient church dedicated to St. Columba
is on the eastern border. The churches
are Established and Free. There are 6
schools with 614 scholars, and 1 of them
and an enlargement for 329 are new.

OMACHIE, estate in Monifieth parish,
Forfarshire.

OMOA, village with ironworks, 3 miles
east of Motherwell, Lanarkshire.

ONICH, village at head of Loch Linnhe,
9 miles south-south- west of Fort-William,
Inverness-shire. It has a post office under
Ballachulish, and a public school.

OOA. See Oa.

OPINAN, hamlet in Gairloch parish,
Ross-shire. It has a public school with
about 98 scholars.

OPSAY, islet in Sound of Harris,
Outer Hebrides.

ORANGEFIELD, seat in Monkton parish,
Ayrshire.

ORANSAY, island contiguous to south
end of Colonsay, and 4 miles north-west

ORA

357

ORK

of northern extremity of Islay, Argyle-
shire. It is separated from Colonsay by
only a narrow channel, dry at low-water ;
it measures about 2 miles in length, and
has a rugged but not high surface ; and it
contains a modern mansion, an interesting
ruined ancient priory, a beautiful sculp-
tured ancient cross, and several cairns.

ORANSAY, island in Loch Sunart, 6 miles
east-north-east of Tobermory, Argyleshire.

ORANSAY, Inverness-shire. See IsLE-
Oronsay.

ORAN (ST.). See IONA.
ORBISTON, estate in southern vicinity
of Bellshill, Lanarkshire. It contained
the quondam Owenite establishment of
New Orbiston, popularly called Babylon.

ORBOST, seat in Duirinish parish, Isle
of Skye.
ORCADES. See Orkney.
ORCHARD, seat in Kilsyth parish,
Stirlingshire.

ORCHARD, colliery in Carluke parish,
Lanarkshire.

ORCHARDTON, seat in Kerrick parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

ORCHARDTON, small bay miles
south-by-east of Wigton.

ORCHIL, estate and moor in Ardoch
parish, Perthshire.

ORCHIL, burn in Boharm parish,
Banffshire.

ORCHY, rivulet, issuing from Loch
Tolla and running about 14 miles south-
westward and westward to north-east
horn of Loch Awe, Argyleshire.

ORD, quoad sacra parish in south-
western vicinity of Banff. It has a
church of about 1836, and a public school
with about 158 scholars. Pop. 851.

ORD, abrupt, broad, lofty hill, rising
sheer from the sea on mutual border of
Caithness and Sutherland. It forms the
commencement of the Morven mountains,
and is traversed by the public road, rising
in very steep gradients to an elevation of
about 1200 feet.

ORD, receding rocky headland, about
500 feet high, in south of Bressay Island,
Shetland.

ORD, southern part of Mullbuy, Ross-
shire. See Moor-of-Ord.

ORD, abrupt hill in east side of Drum-
oak parish, Aberdeenshire.

ORD, seat in Urray parish, Koss-shire.

ORDBAN, isolated wooded hill near
west end of Rothiemurchus parish,
Inverness-shire.

ORDFUNDLIE, hill in Kincardine-O'Neil
parish, Aberdeenshire.

ORDHEAD, place near Tillyfourie rail-
way station, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office, with money order department, under
Aberdeen.

ORDIE, lake in Dowally parish, Perth-
shire.

ORDIE, rivulet, running about 7 miles
south-eastward to the Tay in vicinity of
Luncarty, Perthshire.

ORDIQUHILL, parish, containing Corn-

hill post office and railway station and
Corncairn village, in Banffshire. Its
length is 3| miles ; its greatest breadth -\
miles ; its area 4754 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £3477. Pop. 714. The
surface is partly flat, partly tumulated,
and includes north-east side of Knock
Hill, 1409 feet high. The only mansion is
Park. The churches are Established and
Free. There are two schools with capacity
for 192 scholars.

ORE, rivulet, running about 16 miles
east-by -northward to the Leven at 3 miles
west of Leven town, Fife. See Lochore.

ORE-BRIDGE, place with chemical
works on Ore rivulet, 2| miles north of
Dysart, Fife.

ORKIE, seat near Kettle, Fife.
ORKNEY, archipelago separated by Pent-
land Firth from north coast of Caithness.
Its length northward is 37 miles ; its
greatest breadth 27 miles ; its area 510
square miles. It comprises the main island
of Pomona, 2S other inhabited islands, 38
pastoral islands, and a multitude of
skerries, and it embraces an aggregate of
intersecting sea not much greater than the
aggregate of its land. The northern third
of it lies beyond a belt of sea about 5 miles
in mean breadth, is much less compact
than the rest, and bears the name of
North Isles. The coast-line, in much of
the west of the southern two -thirds,
consists of bold high cliffs ; but in nearly
all other parts is almost constantly cut or
carved into constant diversity of headlands
and bays. The land in the south-west
is grandly upland, almost mountainous ;
toward the south-east subsides into suc-
cessively hills, slopes, and plains ; and in
the north is mostly low, and either undu-
lating or flat. The archipelago was known
to the Romans as Orcades ; appears, from
its antiquities, to have been originally
occupied by Celts ; seems to have lost its
Celtic population before the time of
Agricola ; became a haunt of Scandinavian
pirates towards close of third century, c r
early in the fourth; was annexed io
Norway in latter part of ninth century ;
became subject in 920 to the first of a Ion.;
line of independent Scandinavian jarls or
earls ; passed afterwards to another line
of earls connected with Scotland ; becarru ,
through that line, at beginning of fifteenth
century, an annexation to the Scottish
crown ; and has thenceforth been part of
the Scottish kingdom. It unites with
Shetland in sending a member to Parlia-
ment, and is under the same sheriff as
Caithness ; but in all other respects it is
a separate county, and has its own sheriff-
substitute. Its only towns are Kirkwall
and Stromness, and its only village with
more than 300 inhabitants is St. Margaret's
Hope ; but it both forms of itself a great
fishery district, and has commercial im-
portance in Kirkwall being a head sea-
port. Real property in 1880-81, £77,527.
Pop. in 1871, 31,274 ; in 1881, 32,037.

ORM

358

OUT

ORMIDALE, watering-place on west side
of Loch Riddan. It lies 5f miles north-
west of Rothesay ; is of recent formation ;
has steamboat pier, hotel, and villas ; and
is near Ormidale mansion.

ORMISTON, village and parish on west
border of Haddingtonshire. The village
stands near Macmerry railway, 1\ miles
south of Tranent, and has a post office
under Pencaitland, a railway station, an
old cross, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 65 scholars.
Pop. 378. — The parish measures 4^ miles
by 3J, and comprises 3444 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £7416. Pop. 1026.
The surface is low and flat. Ormiston
Hall is a seat of the Earl of Hopetoun.
A female public school is at East Paiston.

ORMISTON, barony, with site of Border
tower, in Eckford parish, Roxburghshire.

ORMISTON - HILL, seat in Kirknewton
parish, Edinburghshire.

ORMOND, isolated rocky knoll, site of
ancient castle, in Avoch parish, Ross-shire.
It gave the title of Marquis to second son
of James ill.

ORMSARY, seat, and post office under
Ardrishaig, in South Knapdale parish,
Argyleshire.

ORONSAY. See Oeansay.

ORPHIR, parish, averagely 9 miles south-
west of Kirkwall, Orkney. It has a post
office under Kirkwall ; and it comprehends
a sea-board tract on Pomona measuring
about 7 miles by 3J, and the island of
Cava, Real property in 1880-81, £2749.
Pop. 1013. The mainland coast includes
Houton head, about 300 feet high, but all
elsewhere is nearly level ; and the interior
is an assemblage of vales and hills, the
latter culminating at about 700 feet above
sea-level, and commanding fine views. A
chief residence is Claistran Hall ; and
chief antiquities are ruins of Earl Paul's
palace, remains of Romish chapels, and
several tumuli. The churches are Estab-
lished and Free ; and there are 2 new
public schools with capacity for 150
scholars.

ORR. See Oke and Ukr.

ORREA, quondam Roman station at
confluence of the Tay and the Almond,
Perthshire.

ORRIN, river, running about 27 miles
east-north-eastward to the Conan at 4^
miles south-south-west of Dingwall, Ross-
shire.

ORROCK, lofty hill, partly with basaltic
colonnades, in Burntisland parish, Fife.

ORROLAND, seat in Rerrick parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

ORSAY, or OVERSAY, islet adjacent to
Rhinns Point, at south-west extremity of
Islay Island, Argyleshire. It is crowned by
a lighthouse, with flashing light visible at
the distance of 17 nautical miles. Pop. 15.

ORTON, estate, with post office under
Fochabers, railway station, and mansion
on the Spey, 9| miles south-east of Elgin.

ORWELL, parish, containing Milnathort

post town and Middleton village, in north
of Kinross-shire. Its length is 8f miles ;
its greatest breadth 3f miles ; its area
13,133 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£18,736. Pop. 2031. The southern section
is a level, diversified by gently swelling
heights ; and the northern one has braes
in the east, and includes a portion of
the Ochils in the west. About 8000 acres
are in tillage. Chief objects of interest
are Burleigh Castle, near Milnathort, and
remains of a huge cairn on one of the
Ochils. The churches are Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian ; and there
are 2 schools with capacity for 340 scholars.

OSCAR, small bay on west side of
Lismore Island, Argyleshire. It has a
group of islets in its mouth, and it forms
a sheltered natural harbour.

OSNABURGH, village, 3 miles north-
east of Cupar, Fife.

OSPISDALE, seat in Criech parish,
Sutherland.

OSSE, lofty insulated rock, with great
natural arch, off south-west coast of
Northmaven, Shetland.

OSSIAN'S GRAVE, old stone-faced small
cavity in deep narrow pass of G-lenalmond,
Perthshire. It got its name from the
sheer fancy of some antiquaries.

OSSIAN'S HALL, summer-house so placed
and furnished as to reflect startlingly a
contiguous foaming cataract of the river
Bran, about \\ mile west of Dunkeld,
Perthshire.

OTTER, sandbank, quay, ferry, mansion,
and public school on east side of Loch
Fyne, 6 miles east of Ardrishaig, Argyle-
shire. The sandbank is about 1800 yards
long, seems to be due to conflicting cur-
rents, and is nearly all bare during six
hours of ebb spring tide.

OTTERBURN, farm in Longformacus
parish, Berwickshire. It contests with
Otterburn in Northumberland the claim
of having been the battlefield between
Douglas and Hotspur.

OTTERSTON, seat and lake in Dalgetty
parish, Fife.

OTTERSWICK, bay, 3J miles long, with
good anchoring-ground, in north of Sanday
Island, Orkney.

OTTERVORE, bay and sound, sprinkled
with islets, at north end of Barra group,
Outer Hebrides.

OUAM, small lake in Monivaird parish,
Perthshire.

OUCHAN, lake, 3 miles long, on south-
east border of Lochaber, Inverness-shire.

OUDE, rivulet, running 4 \ miles south-
westward from Loch Trallaig to head of
Loch Melfort, Argyleshire.

OUPLAYMOOR, place near Neilston,
Renfrewshire. It has a post office under
Glasgow.

OUSIE, or USSIE, isleted lake on shoulder
of Knockfarrel, on south side of Strath-
petfer valley, Ross-shire.

OUTER HEBRIDES. See Hebrides.

OUTER HIGH. See Paul (St.), Glasgow.

OUT

359

PAI

OUT-SKERRIES, islet group north-east
of Whalsay, Shetland. See Housie.

OVERBERVIE. See Glenbeevie.

OVERBIE, Roman camp in Eskdalemuir
parish, Dumfriesshire.

OVERBRAE, hill, with great turbary,
in King-Edward parish, Aberdeenshire.

OVERLEE, farm on which an ancient
subterranean village was discovered about
1812, on the White Cart, 3 miles south-
south-east of Pollockshaws, Renfrewshire.

OVERSAY. See Oksay.

OVERTON, town, 3^ miles north-west
of Carluke, Lanarkshire. It has a post
office under "Wishaw, a railway station, a
depot for Lesmahagow coal, and a recent
steepled quoad sacra parochial church.
Pop. of town, 1293; of quoad sacra
parish, 2051.

OVERTON, suburb of Johnstone, Ren-
frewshire.

OVERTON, village in Dreghorn parish,
Ayrshire. Pop. 413.

OVERTON, section of Smailholm village,
Roxburghshire.

OVERTON, seat near Strathaven, Lan-
arkshire.

OXCLEUGH, burn, entering foot of Loch
of the Lowes, Selkirkshire.

OXENFORD, seat of the Earl of Stair,
4£ miles east-south-east of Dalkeith,
Edinburghshire.

OXGANG, estate, with ruined old
parochial church, in south-eastern vicinity
of Kirkintilloch, Dumbartonshire.

OXHILL, burn and medicinal spring in
Rathven parish, Banffshire.

OXNA, island, 4 miles south-west of
Scalloway, in Shetland. Pop. 30.

OXNAM, rivulet, hamlet, and parish in
Roxburghshire. The rivulet rises among
the Cheviot Hills, and runs about 10 miles
northward to the Teviot at 6 miles south-
south- west of Kelso. — The hamlet lies on
the rivulet, 4 miles south-east of Jedburgh,
and has a post office under Jedburgh,
a parochial church, and a public school.
— The parish measures 10 miles by 5, and
comprises 21,190 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £12,643. Pop., quoad civilia,
683 ; quoad sacra, 638. The southern
section is a lofty part of the Cheviot Hills,
and the northern one is much diversified
with green conical hills and numerous
narrow ravines. Chief objects of interest
are a long reach of the Roman Watling
Street, two Caledonian stone circles, several
old circular camps, and ruins of an old
castle. There are 2 schools with capacity
for 176 scholars.

OXNOR, island in Tingwall parish, Shet-
land.

OXTON, village, 4| miles north-north-
west of Lauder, Berwickshire. It has a
post office under Lauder.

OYKELL. See Oikell.

OYNE, village and parish in Garioch
district, Aberdeenshire. The village stands
25 miles north-west of Aberdeen, and has a
post office designated of Aberdeenshire, a

railway station, a large suite of factories,
a conspicuous modern parochial church,
a Free church, and a public school with
capacity for 150 scholars. The parish
measures about 6 miles by 3J, and com-
prises 10,131 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £5898. Pop. 962. The surface
is bounded on the north by the Shevock,
on the north-east by the Ury, on the south
by the Don ; and it includes about three-
fourths of the great mountain Bennochie.
About 3200 acres are in tillage, and the
rest is vai-iously woodland, good pasture,
moor, and bare rock. Chief residences
are Westhall, Pittodrie, and Tillyfour ;
and chief antiquities are the ruined ancient
fortalice of Harthill and three Runic
stones.

PABBAY, island off mouth of Broadford
Bay, north-east side of Isle of Skye. It
measures nearly 3 miles in circuit, has a
fiattish surface less than 60 feet high, and
is engirt with low reefs.

PABBAY, island in north-west end of
Harris Sound, Outer Hebrides. It
measures about 7 miles in circuit, rises
conically to a height of about 800 feet,
and has been much damaged by storm and
sand-drifts.

PABBAY, island, 5 miles north-north-
east of south-western extremity of Outer
Hebrides. It measures about 4^ miles in
circuit, consists of a single hill, and rises
to a height of about 800 feet. Pop. 26.

PABBAY, islet, with ruins of ancient
nunnery, in Uig parish, Lewis, Outer
Hebrides.

PACKMAN, quondam island in the
Clyde, now part of Scotstown lands, near
Renfrew.

PAD, tabular-topped hill, 854 feet high,
with grand panoramic view, in south-
eastern vicinity of Neilston, Renfrewshire.

PADANARAM, village in Kirriemuir
parish, Forfarshire. It has a post office
under Forfar, and a public school with
about 53 scholars.

PAISLEY, town and parishes in upper
ward of Renfrewshire. The town stands
on the White Cart, 6f miles west of Glas-
gow ; covers the site of the Roman station
Vanduara, with commencement of iter
thence to Antoninus' Wall ; sprang from
an abbey founded in 1163 by the High
Steward of Scotland ; was originally a
village for use of the abbey's retainers, all
situated on the Cart's right bank, and now
represented by Seedhill suburb ; spread
thence to the left bank, and gradually
extended there into large town and new
suburbs ; stands partly there on a gentle
hill-ridge, but everywhere else on low
ground ; enjoys charming environs, with
rich immediate scenery, and exquisite, ex-
tensive, panoramic views ; ranks as the
political capital of upper ward of Renfrew-
shire, a burgh sending a member to Parlia-
ment, and a great seat of textile manufac-

PAI

360

PAN

ture ; measures nearly 2 miles in length,
and fully 1| mile in breadth ; exhibits an
urban centre and almost rural outskirts,
compact and straggling sections, regular
and irregular thoroughfares and intermix-
tures of old and new; is traversed from
side to side by a high railway viaduct
overlooking much of its interior; was
designed in 1877 to undergo material im-
provement by widening and otherwise
altering narrow streets ; contains a number
of imposing public edifices ; publishes a
daily newspaper and three weekly news-
papers ; has a head post office, with all
departments, 2 sub post offices, with money
order department, a central railway sta-
tion on expansion of the high viaduct, 7
banking offices, 4 hotels, a beautiful public
park of about 22 acres opened in May
1877, 8 Established churches, 7 Free
churches, 6 United Presbyterian churches,
12 churches of other denominations, an
endowed educational institution, a grammar
school or academy, 10 primary public
schools, a number of other schools, and a
free public library and museum ; and is
notable for the great number of distin-
guished natives who have emerged from it
into almost every part of the field of fame.
The County Buildings were erected in
1818-22 at a cost of £28,000, and enlarged
about 1860 at a cost of £10,000. The New
Town Hall was erected in 1879-82 at a cost
of between £80,000 and £100,000, and has a
large tower and an imposing aspect. The
waterworks have extensive reservoirs of
1837 among Gleniffer braes, acquired a
large new one in 1879-80, and were to be
enlarged in and after 1881 at an estimated
cost of £100, COO. The Abbey church was
burnt by the English in 1307, was rebuilt
in portions till about middle of 15th cen-
tury, survives in main parts of much
architectural and monumental interest, has
been used in its nave as a parochial church
since the Reformation, and was designed
in 1882 to undergo renovation. The High
Established church stands conspicuously
on the hill-ridge, and has a lofty steeple.
The High Free church is in the Norman
style, and has a massive tower. The
Underwood Road United Presbyterian
church was erected in 1881, and is a steepled
cruciform edifice. The endowed educa-
tional institution, like the High Established
church, figures conspicuously on the hill-
ridge, and is a large edifice in form of a
Greek cross surmounted by a dome. The
free public library and museum was erected
in 1869-71 at a cost of £15,000. The Good
Templars' halls were built in 1880 at a cOst
of about £6500. The new cemetery com-
prises 23 acres of high undulated ground,
is richly embellished, and contains a
number of interesting monuments. Real
property of the burgh in 1880-81, £206,334.
Pop. 55,627.— The parishes are Abbey,
High, Low, and Middle. The Abbey par-
ish includes part of the town, but extends
far beyond it, and has been separately

noticed. The other three parishes lie
wholly in the town, and comprise respec-
tively 259, 94, and 517 acres. Pop. 17,914,
and 7095, and 13,117.

PAISTON, or PEASTON, two small
villages, East and West, and ancient
barony, in Ormiston parish, Haddington-
shire. East Paiston has a public school
with about 40 scholars.

PALACE, vestige of ancient strong resi-
dence of Bishops of Caithness, in western
vicinity of Thurso, Caithness.

PALACE-BRAE, site of ancient mansion
of Duke of Athole's ancestors, 2 miles east
of Dollar, Clackmannanshire.

PALACE-CRAIG, village, with colliery
and ironstone pits, near Faskine, Lanark-
shire.

PALDY, ancient chapelry, now part of
Fordoun parish, Kincardineshire.

PALHARROW, rivulet, running to the
Ken, in Kells parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

PALKILL, or PENKILL, rivulet, running
about 9?? miles westward and southward
to the Cree at Minnigaff village, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

PALMALLET, place, with two large
beautiful caverns, on Sorbie coast, Wig-
tonshire.

PALNACKIE, seaport village at head of
Urr estuary, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has
a post office under Dalbeattie, and a
public school with about 88 scholars.

PALNURE, rivulet and railway station
in west of Kirkcudbrightshire. The rivulet
runs about 10 miles south-westward to the
Cree at 4 miles south-south-east of Minni-
gaff village ; and the station stands near
the rivulet at 3^ miles east of Newton-
Stewart.

PANANICH. See Pannanich.

PANBRIDE, parish, containing Muir-
drum post office village, "Westhaven
suburb of Carnoustie, Easthaven village,
and Gallowlaw and Newton - Panbride
hamlets, on south-east coast of Forfar-
shire. Its length is 5 miles ; its greatest
breadth 2j miles ; its area 5199 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £12,533. Pop.
1395. The coast is flat and very rocky ;
and the interior has a flatfish surface,
rising slowly towards the north-west, and
tracked by deep rocky course of two burns.
The only mansion is Panmure House, a
seat of the Earl of Dalhousie ; and the
only noticeable antiquity is the vestige
of Panmure Castle, long the residence
of the Earl of Panmure, whose peerage
originated in 1646 and was forfeited in
1716. The churches are Established and
Free ; and there are 4 schools with
capacity for 204 scholars.

PANHOPE, excellent natural harbour
on east side of Flotta Island, Orkney.
PANMURE. See Panbride.
PANNANICH, place, with medicinal
springs and accommodation for visitors,
1£ mile east of Ballater, Aberdeenshire ;
also a hill-range whence the springs flow.
PANTETH, small hill, with extensive

PAP

361

PAR

view and vestige of ancient watch-tower,
in Mouswald parish, Dumfriesshire.

PAPA, small island about a mile north
of Burra, Shetland.

PAPA, sound, about a mile broad, be-
tween Mainland and Papa-Stour, Shetland.

PAPA, sound between Stronsay and
Fapa-Stronsay, Orkney. It projects a
bay into Stronsay, and forms an excellent
harbour.

PAPAL, headland and small bay at
north extremity of Yell, Shetland.

PAPA-STOUR, island and ancient parish
in west of Shetland. The island lies on
south side of mouth of St. Magnus Bay ;
exhibits grand coast scenery of crags,
caverns, and stacks ; was the seat of an
early Culdee establishment for evangelizing
Shetland ; and now has a post office under
Lerwick, an Established church, a Metho-
dist chapel, and a public school with about
57 scholars. Pop. 254. — The parish is now
united to Walls.

PAPA- STRONSAY, island off north-east
of Stronsay, Orkney. It measures about
3 miles in circuit, is flat and fertile, and
contains vestiges of two ancient chapels.
Pop. 23.

PAPA-WESTRAY, island, 1J mile east
of northern extremity of Westray, Ork-
ney. It measures miles in length and
about 1 mile in breadth ; consists mostly
of very fertile land ; forms at its northern
extremity the bold, lofty Mull of Papa ;
was the place where Thorsin, Earl of
Caithness, slew Bonald, Earl of Orkney ;
and contains a post office under Kirkwall,
Holland mansion, Established and Free
churches, two ruined ancient churches, a
public school with about 68 scholars, three
vitrified cairns, and a very large Picts'
house. Pop. 345.

PAPIGOE, marine offset in Wick Bay,
Caithness.

PAPLAY, ancient parish, now part of
Holm, Orkney.

PAPPLE, estate, with remains of ancient
monastery, in Whittingham parish, Had-
dingtonshire.

PAPS OF CAITHNESS, summits of Mor-
ven Mountains, the loftiest 2331 feet high,
on south border of Caithness.

PAPS OF JURA, conical peaks of three
mountains, the loftiest 2566 feet high,
in Jura Island, Argyleshire.

PARADISE, remains of beautiful plea-
sure-grounds, laid out in 1719, in Mony-
musk parish, Aberdeenshire.

PARALLEL ROADS. See GLENROY.

PARBROATH, vestige of ancient castel-
lated mansion in Creich parish, Fife.

PARF, district between Kyle of Dur-
ness and the Atlantic, in Durness parish,
Sutherland.

PARISHOLM, trace of ancient fortress
near skirts of Cairntable Mountain, in
Douglas parish, Lanarkshire.

PARK, quoad sacra parish, with massive
Gothic church of 1861, in west of Glasgow.
Pop. 7538.

PARK, village in Closeburn parish,
Dumfriesshire. Pop. 67.

PARK, rivulet, running to right side of
the Nith in southern vicinity of Drum-
lanrig Castle, Dumfriesshire. It is men-
tioned in lines traditionally ascribed to
Thomas the Rhymer.

PARK, principal head-stream of Rotten
Calder, Lanarkshire.

PARK, seat in Ordiquhill parish, Banff-
shire.

PARK, seat in Drumoak parish, Aber-
deenshire.

PARK, seat near the Clyde, 2f miles
north-west of Renfrew.

PARK, ancient castle in western vicinity
of Glenluce, Wigtonshire.

PARK, place, with medicinal spring, on
west side of Blantyre parish, Lanarkshire.

PARK, farm, with ancient camp, in
Garvald parish, Haddingtonshire.

PARK, place, with numerous standing
stones, supposed to commemorate a san-
guinary clan-fight of 15th century, in
Fodderty parish, Ross-shire.

PARK, or FOREST, large south-eastern
section of Lochs parish, Lewis, Outer
Hebrides.

PARKEND, quondam village in Cold-
stream parish, Berwickshire.

PARKFOOT, small suburb of Falkirk,
Stirlingshire. Pop. 319.

PARKFOOT, village in Denny parish,
Stirlingshire. Pop. 360.

PARKGATE, place, 8 miles north-north-
east of Dumfries. It has a post office,
with money order department, under
Dumfries.

PARKHEAD, quoad sacra parish, with
suburb, nominally 2 miles east of Glasgow.
It has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Glasgow, a
railway station, Established, United Pres-
byterian, and Congregational churches,
and a public school with about 155 scholars.
The United Presbyterian church was built
in 1877. Pop. of the parish, 8572.

PARKHEAD, suburb of Beilshill, Lanark-
shire.

PARKHEAD, affluent of Douglas river,
Lanarkshire.

PARKHILL, village in Kilmuir-Easter
parish, Ross-shire. It has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Boss-shire.

PARKHILL, railway station, mansion,
and public school with about 92 scholars,
7h miles north of Aberdeen.

"PARKHILL, seat in St. Vigeans parish,
Forfarshire.

PARKHILL, seat in Polmont parish,
Stirlingshire.

PARKHOUSE, hill, with ancient Cale-
donian stone circle, in Old Deer parish,
Aberdeenshire.

PARKNOOK, village on south-east verge
of Dunfermline parish, Fife.

PARK PLACE. See Park, Wigtonshire.

PARNASSUS, two-topped hill in More-
battle parish, Roxburghshire.

PAR

362

PEA

PARNEY, burn, crossed by double-arched
viaduct, one arch above the other, at about
2 miles north-north-east of Auchterarder,
Perthshire.

PARSONS, wooded lake, with ruins, in
Kilninver parish, Argyleshire.

PARSONS, medicinal spring, near Park,
in Drumoak parish, Aberdeenshire.

PARSON'S-GREEN, small suburb, adja-
cent to north gate of Queen's Park, Edin-
burgh. Pop. 120.

PARTICK, suburban police burgh, on
right side of the Kelvin, adjacent to wes-
tern extremity of Glasgow city. It stands
from 2 to 9 furlongs south-west of Glasgow
New University ; was, till a recent period,
anisolated,unimportant village ; contained,
in the Romish times, a residence of the
Archbishops of Glasgow ; retains extensive
flour-mills, on ground given to the Glasgow
bakers for aids rendered at the battle of
Langside ; includes a small dingy ancient
portion, but consists chiefly of airy modern
streets, with numerous outskirting villas ;
is partly traversed by a viaduct of Stobcross
branch railway ; communicates with the
city and Whiteinch by tramway cars ; and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Glasgow, 3
banking offices, a spacious town-hall of
1872, 2 Established churches, 2 Free
churches, 3 United Presbyterian churches,
Methodist and Eoman Catholic churches,
an academy, and 3 public primary schools.
The churches are all modern ; several are
steepled and ornamental ; and one of the
Free, one of the Established, and the
Methodist were built in respectively 1879,
1877, and 1881. Pop. with Whiteinch,
27,394.

PARTON, village and parish near centre
of Kirkcudbrightshire. The village stands
on the Dee, 7 miles north-north-west of
Castle-Douglas, and has a post office desig-
nated of Kirkcudbrightshire, a railway
station, a parochial church with 418 sit-
tings, and a public school with about 77
scholars. — The parish contains also Corsock
village, measures about 6£ miles by 5, and
comprises 15,841 acres. Peal property in
1880-81, £10,155. Pop. 716. The surface
is very uneven, includes a considerable
ridge about 4 miles long, and, to the extent
of more than one-third, is chiefly heath
and moss. Five landowners are resident.
The chief antiquities are two ditch-encircled
artificial mounds, two cairns, remains of
a Caledonian stone circle, and ruins of
Corsock Castle. A quoad sacra parochial
church and a Free church are at Corsock.

PATAIG. See Pattaig.

PATAVIEG, small lake in Rosskeen par-
ish, Ross-shire.

PATERSON, dangerous insulated rock,
fully a mile in circuit, about 1| mile east-
by-south of Sanda Island, off south-eastern
extremity of Kintyre, Argyleshire.

PATH, place, with public school, in
Minnigaff parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

PATHHEAD, suburban town adjacent

to north-east end of Kirkcaldy, Fife. It
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Kirkcaldy,
a banking office, a quoad sacra parochial
church, 2 Free churches, an Evangelical
Union church, and a public school with
about 440 scholars, and was designed in
June 1882 to have a neat new town hall.
Pop. of the town, 2871; of the quoad
sacra parish, 3930.

PATHHEAD, village on the Tyne, 5
miles south-east of Dalkeith, Edinburgh-
shire. It adjoins Ford, with post office
under Dalkeith, and United Presbyterian
church ; and it has a grand five-arched
bridge. Pop. 583.

PATHHEAD, village, contiguous to New
Cumnock village, in New Cumnock parish,
Ayrshire. Pop. 532.

PATHHEAD, seat near Lesmahagow,
Lanarkshire.

PATH-OF-CONDIE, or PATHSTRUIE,
village, 4 miles east-south-east of Dimn-
ing, Perthshire. It has a post office under
Bridge of Earn, a United Presbyterian
church, and a public school with about
40 scholars.

PATIEMUIR, village in Dunfermline
parish, Fife.

PATIE'S MILL, place near Galston,
Ayrshire.

PATNA, village and quoad sacra parish,
on north border of Carrick, Ayrshire.
The village stands on the Doon, 9| miles
south-east of Ayr, is maintained chiefly
by mining of coal and ironstone, and has
a post office with money order department
under Ayr, a railway station, Established
and United Presbyterian churches, and an
endowed school. Pop. 603. The pa.rish
was constituted in 1877. Pop. 1179.

PATRICKHOLM, seat near Larkhall,
Lanarkshire.

PATTAIG, alpine stream, running from
Benaulder forest to head of Loch Laggan,
Inverness-shire. It expands, about mid-
way of its course, into a considerable lake.

PAUL (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in Dundee.
Pop. 7051.

PAUL (ST.), parish in Perth. Pop. 3009.

PAUL (ST.), or OUTER HIGH, parish,
with Established and Free churches, in
north of Glasgow. Pop. quoad sacra, 6622.

PAUL YARD, burn in Walston parish,
Lanarkshire.

PAVILION, marine seat of Earl of
Eglinton, in Ardrossan, Ayrshire.

PAVILION, seat on left bank of the
Tweed, in Melrose parish, Roxburghshire.

PAXTON, village on the Whitadder,
5 miles west of Berwick. It has a post
office under Berwick, and is believed to
be the scene of the song ' Robin Adair.'
Paxton House, in its vicinity, is a fine edifice
of latter part of last century. Pop. 240.

PEARSIE, seat in Kingoldrum parish,
Forfarshire.

PEASE-DEAN, deep, wooded, romantic
ravine in Cockburnspath parish, Berwick-

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shire. It was regarded, in the times of
the international wars, as a strong defence
against invasion by the English ; it could
then be crossed only by difficult zig-zag
paths ; and it is now crossed by a bridge
300 feet long and 127 feet high, and by a
railway viaduct 120 feet high.

PEASTON. See Paiston.

PEATHILL, ridge of Benchinnan
Mountains, descending from summit-line
15 miles south-eastward to a point 7 miles
north-west of Brechin, Forfarshire.

PEATIE, hamlet in Kettins parish,
Forfarshire.

PEATIE, affluent of Bervie rivulet,
Kincardineshire.

PEAT INN, place, 6i miles from Cupar,
Fife. It has a post office under Cupar.

PEATLAW, mountain, miles north-
west of Selkirk.

PEATLAW, one of the Lammermoor Hills,
9^ miles south of Dunbar, Haddingtonshire.

PEBBLE, hill and medicinal spring in
Kirkmabreck parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

PECHSTANE, cromlech about 2|
miles north-north-east of Chirnside,
Berwickshire.

PEDDIESTON, place in Cromarty
parish, Cromartyshire. It has a public
school with about 70 scholars.

PEEBLES, town in Peeblesshire and
parish partly also in Selkirkshire. The
town stands on left bank of the Tweed,
at influx of Eddlestone rivulet, 22 miles
by road, but 27 by railway, south of
Edinburgh ; was probably founded by
either ancient or Romanized Caledonians ;
appears first on record, about beginning of
12th century ; had then a royal castle,
and was long thence an occasional
residence of Scottish kings and princes ;
flourished much in connection with royal
hunts around it, famous games called
f Peebles at the Play,' and a great annual
fair or festival of Beltane ; suffered great
injury from English armies in 1406 and
1545 ; is now a favourite resort of anglers,
tourists, and summer residents ; ranks as
a royal burgh and the political capital of
Peeblesshire; unites with its own county
and the rural parts of Selkirkshire in
sending a member to Parliament ; has a
head post office with all departments, 2
railway stations, 3 banking offices, and 6
hotels ; has also a hydropathic establish-
ment, erected at a cost of £70,000, and
opened in 1881 ; publishes a weekly
newspaper ; contains county buildings
of 1844, a town-hall, a corn-exchange,
Established, Free, Episcopalian, and
Roman Catholic churches, 2 United
Presbyterian chui'ches, remains of 2
ancient churches, Chambers' Institution,
3 public schools with about 533 scholars,
and remnant of ancient town wall. The
games of ' Peebles at the Play ' are
mentioned in King James i.'s poem of
Christ's Kirk on the Green. One of the
hotels dates from 1(553, and figures as
'Meg Dods" in Sir Walter Scott's St.

Bonan's Well. The Established church
dates from 1784, has a massive steeple,
and was designed in 1877 to be improved
at a cost of £9000. One of the two
ancient churches dates from at least 1170,
was probably erected on the site of a
Culdee cell, and is now represented mainly
by a ruined tower ; and the other dates
from 1261, acquired a new steeple at the
Reformation, and is now represented
mainly by that steeple. Chambers'
Institution is partly a monastic edifice
of ancient date, partly a structure of
1857-59 ; was in its ancient portion the
scene of the romantic incident narrated
in Sir Walter Scott's Maid of Neidpath ;
includes, in a court-yard, an interesting
ancient cross which formerly stood in
High Street ; comprises public hall, public
reading-room, public library, art gallery,
and natural history museum ; and was
presented to the town by Dr. William
Chambers, and opened in 1859. A five-
ai'ched ancient bridge spans the Tweed
at the town, and was improved in 1835.
The streets are partly old and dingy, but
principally modern, well - built, and
pleasant ; and the environs consist chiefly
of green hills and interesting vales, and
abound in woods, parks, walks, and pictur-
esque close scenes. Real property of the
burgh in 1880-81, £10,579. Pop. 3495.—
The parish measures 10 miles by 6, and
comprises 13,425 acres in Peeblesshire and
3172 in Selkirkshire. Real property in
1880-81 of landward part in Peeblesshire,
£13,517; of part in Selkirkshire, £107.
Pop. of the whole, 4059. The surface in-
cludes fine reaches of vale along the Tweed
and the Eddlestone, but consists partly
of heathy uplands and chiefly of verdant
pleasant hills. Principal seats are Hay-
ston, Kings Meadows, Kerfield, Rosetta,
Venlaw, Winkstone, and Swintonbank ;
and principal antiquities are Neidpath,
Horsburgh, and Shieldgreen castles,
remains of a Roman camp, vestiges of
other camps, and a great group of
monumental stones. Seven schools for
8G5 scholars are in the parish, and en-
largements of them for 152 are new.

PEEBLES RAILWAY, railway, 18| miles
long, from Peebles northward to junction
with the North British at Eskbank. It
was authorized in 1853, constructed at a
cost of about £4500 per mile, and opened
in 1855 ; and it was amalgamated with the
North British in 1876, on terms of fixed
dividend of 8 per cent, on the ordinary
shares, and 5 per cent, on the preference
shares.

PEEBLESSHIRE, or TWEEDDALE, inland
county immediately south of Mid-Lothian.
Its length is 30 miles ; its greatest breadth
25 miles ; its circumference about 110
miles ; its area 356 square miles. The
lowest ground is a long portion of the
Tweed's vale from 400 to 500 feet above
sea-level ; a considerable aggregate of
ground, a little higher, lies along the

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course of tributary streams ; the rest of
the land is chiefly an assemblage of hills,
hill-groups, hill-ridges, and mountain-
ranges ; and the southern border is a
dense portion of Hartfell Mountains, with
the loftiest summits of Southern High-
lands. Only about one-seventh is arable,
and a larger portion of the rest is either
bleakly pastoral or altogether waste.
Two coal-fields are in the north-west, but
greywacke slate predominates everywhere
else. The Tweed rises in the extreme
south-west, and curves through the centre
to the extreme east ; and all the other
streams, with three trivial exceptions,
are tributaries of the Tweed. The chief
lake is St. Mary's Loch, touching the
south-east boundary for about a mile ;
and the chief mineral spring is the
famous St. Ronan's Well at Innerleithen.
Sheep husbandry is conspicuous ; tillage
husbandry is skilful ; and woollen manu-
facture figures well at Innerleithen and
"Walker-burn. The only towns are Peebles
and Innerleithen, and the only villages
with each more than 500 inhabitants are
"Walkerburn and Linton. The territory
belonged to the Caledonian Gadeni, was
included in the Roman Valentia, passed
to the kingdoms of Strathclyde and
Northumbria, and was made a county in
loth century ; and it possesses numerous
monuments of all successive times from
the Roman to the mediaeval. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £153,096. Pop. in 1871,
12,330; in 1881, 13,819.

PEELBOG, or PEEL-RING, large, cir-
cular, ancient fort, in marshy hollow, in
Lumphanan parish, Aberdeenshire.

PEEL-FELL, mountain, 1964 feet high,
on east border of Castleton parish, Rox-
burghshire.

PEEL - OF - GARFARRAN, remains of
Roman fort at west end of Flanders Moss,
in Drymen parish, Stirlingshire.

PEEL - OF - GARGUNNOCK, quondam
strong fort, scene of exploit of Sir William
Wallace, adjacent to the Forth, 5J miles
west of Stirling.

PEEL-RING. See Peelbog.

PEELWALLS, seat in Ayton parish,
Berwickshire.

PEESWEEP-ROW, village adjacent to
Roughrigg, Lanarkshire.

PEFFER, rivulet, traversing Strathpeffer
eastward to head of Cromarty Firth,
Ross-shire.

PEFFER (EAST), rivulet, running about
8 miles north-eastward to the sea at 4f
miles north-north-west of Dunbar, Had-
dingtonshire.

PEFFER (WEST), rivulet, running about
7 miles westward to head of Aberlady Bay,
Haddingtonshire.

PEINDINAVAIG, lofty hill on east side
of Portree harbour, Isle of Skye.

PEINDUIN, remains of castle of 16th
century on insulated rock in Snizort parish,
Isle of Skye.

PEINGOWEN, lands, with site of ancient

pipers' college, in Kilmuir parish, Isle of
Skye.

PEIRCETON. See Pierceton.

PELAIG, headland on east side of low-
most reach of Loch Fyne, Argyleshire.

PELPHRIE, rivulet, running about 6£
miles east-north-eastward to West Water
at 5J miles north - by - west of Brechin,
Forfar.

PENCAITLAND, two villages and parish
in west of Haddingtonshire. The villages
are Easter and Wester; they stand on
opposite banks of the Tyne, 3| miles south-
east of Tranent, and communicate with
each other by a bridge ; and they have a
post office, with money order department,
designated of Mid-Lothian, an old. cross, an
inn, Established and Free churches, and
2 public schools with about 79 scholars.
— The parish contains also Newton village,
measures 6j miles by 4, and comprises
5075 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£9566. Pop. 1107. The surface is low,
fertile, and embellished. The rocks are
carboniferous, and yield abundance of coal,
limestone, and sandstone. The seats are
Winton House, Pencaitland House, and
Fountainhall. Four schools, with capacity
for 283 scholars, are in the parish.

PENCREST, pyramidal mountain on
south - east border of Teviothead parish,
Roxburghshire.

PENERSAX, estate in Middlebie parish,
Dumfriesshire.

PENICUICK, town and parish on south
border of Edinburghshire. The town
stands on the North Esk, 10 miles by
road, but 15| by railway, south of Edin-
burgh ; adjoins large structures used as
depots for French prisoners of war, and
afterwards converted into paper-mills and
an iron foundry ; and has a head post office
with all departments, a terminal railway
station, a banking office, a good inn, a
spacious parochial church founded in 1771,
and largely improved in 1880, a Free
church of 1863, a United Presbyterian
church of 1869, an Episcopalian church
founded in 1881, and a large public school.
Pop. 3793. — The parish excludes small
part of the town, but includes Howgate
village and the larger part of Kirkhill ;
and it measures about 9§ miles by 5^, and
comprises 18,880 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £26,226. Pop. 5309. The
north-western half consists of a portion of
the Pentland Hills, ascending to some of
the loftiest summits, and intersected by
glens and vales ; and the south-eastern
half is much diversified, includes much of
the beautiful upper vale of the North Esk,
and comprises variously parks, well-
cultivated lands, bleak pastures, moors,
and wastes. Limestone and sandstone
have been largely worked, and coal
abounds but is much dissevered by
' faults. ' Penicuick House, a florid
Grecian edifice, is the seat of Sir George
D. Clerk, Bart. , and has in its grounds an
obeliskal monument of Allan Ramsay and

PEN

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PEN

a lofty circular observatory tower. New-
hall House includes part of an ancient
strong castle, and adjoins the scenery of
Ramsay's Gentle Shepherd. Beveiaw
House, Eavensnook Castle, Brunstane
Castle, and Logan House are interesting-
antiquities. A United Presbyterian
church is at Howgate. Eight schools
for 990 scholars are in the parish, and 1
of them and an enlargement for 154 are
new.

PENIELHEUGH, isolated hill, 624 feet
high, on left side of the Teviot, oh, miles
north of Jedburgh, Roxburghshire. It
has vestiges of two Roman camps, and is
crowned by cylindrical column, 150 feet
high, commemorative of the peace won at
"Waterloo.

PENKILL, seat in Dailly parish, Ayr-
shire.

PENKILL, Kirkcudbrightshire. See
Palkill.

PENKILN, farm, with ancient burying-
ground and ruined ancient church, in
Sorbie parish, "Wigtonshire.

PENMANSHIEL, estate, with railway
tunnel 780 feet long, on south border of
Cockburnspath parish, Berwickshire.

PENNAN, burn, bay, and fishing village
in Aberdour parish, Aberdeenshire. Pop.
279.

PENNERSAUGHS, ancient parish, now
part of Middlebie, Dumfriesshire.

PENNINGHAM, parish, containing New-
ton-Stewart town, on north-east border of
Wigtonshire. Its length is 15 miles ; its
greatest breadth 6£ miles ; its area 33,448
acres. Real property. in 1880-81, £22,536.
Pop., quoad civilia, 3940; quoad sacra,
3777. The surface extends from boun-
dary with Ayrshire southward between
rivers Cree and Bladenoch ; is mostly
tumulated and moorish ; presents almost
everywhere a bleak appearance ; and in-
cludes, in the south-east, an extensive
moss. A chief residence is Penningham
House ; others are Corsbie, Corvisal, and
Merton Hall; and chief antiquities are
ruins of Castle-Stewart, an ancient chapel,
and an old parochial church. The places
of worship are Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, Episcopalian, and Roman
Catholic, all in Newton-Stewart. There
are 11 schools for 989 scholars, and 1 of
them for 135 is new.

PENNIWHIGATE, affluent of Gala river
at Stow village, Edinburghshire.

PENNON. See Pennan.

PENNYCROSS, seat in Kilfinichen parish,
Mull Island, Argyleshire.

PENNYCUICK. See Penicuick.

PENNYGHAEL, place in south-west of
Mull Island, Argyleshire. It has a post
office under Oban.

PENNYGOWAN, bay. south-south-east of
Aros, on east coast of Mull Island, Argyle-
shire.

PENNYMORE, seat on Loch Fyne, 6
miles south-west of Inverary, Argyleshire.
PENNYMUIR, place of Border trysts,

with camp on Roman road, in east of
Oxnam parish, Roxburghshire.

PENPONT, village and parish in Upper
Nithsdale, Dumfriesshire. The village
stands on Scarr rivulet, 2 miles west-south-
west of Thornhill ; had a Roman bridge,
destroyed in 1801 ; and has now a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Thornhill, a parochial
church, 2 Free churches, a Reformed
Presbyterian church, and a public school
with about 137 scholars. Pop. 437.— The
parish contains also Burnhead hamlet,
measures 13J miles by 4, and comprises
21,961 acres." Real property in 1880-81,
£8667. Pop. 1176. The western half
' contains numerous hills, variously smooth
and rugged, ascends to watersheds with
summits 1657 and 1813 feet high, and is
altogether pastoral ; and the eastern half

| has diversity of surface, with very little

I flat or low ground, includes part of Drum-
lanrig ducal park, and exhibits a charming

j appearance. Chief summits in the west
are the picturesque ones of Glenquhargen

I and Cairnkinna ; and chief antiquities are
Tibbers Castle, traces of a Roman cause-
way, vestiges of a Roman camp, four large
cairns, two moats, and a pedimented,
faintly-sculptured obelisk. A United Pres-
byterian church is at Burnhead ; and 3
schools, with capacity for 233 scholars, are
in the parish.

PENRIA, hill, with ancient circular for-
tification, in Newlands parish, Peebles-
shire.

PENRIOCH, place, with public school,
in Kilmorie parish, Arran Island, Bute-
shire.

PENSHIEL, ancient chapelry, with ruined
baronial residence, in Whittingham parish,
Haddingtonshire.

PENSTON, village in centre of rich coal-
field, 3 miles east of Tranent, Haddington-
shire.

PENTECOX, hamlet in Newton parish,
Edinburghshire.

PENTLAND, two hamlets and ancient
parish in Edinburghshire, and hill-range
partly also in Peeblesshire. The hamlets
are Pentland and New Pentland, and they
stand near each other, each about 5| miles
south of Edinburgh. — The parish was
suppressed after the Reformation, and is
now divided between Lasswade and Glen-
cross. — The hill-range commences suddenly
at about 4 miles south -by -west of Edinburgh ;
extends about 12 miles south-south-west-
ward ; has a mean breadth of about 4 miles ;
rises mostly to altitudes of from 1300 to
1839 feet ; is cut by ravines and hollows
into numerous sections ; embosoms many
a piece of fine close landscape ; contains,
near its north end, copious springs and
large reservoirs of Edinburgh water- works ;
and commands, from that end, magnificent
views over Edinburgh and Firth of Forth
to distant sky-lines.

PENTLAND, firth and skerries between
Scottish mainland and Orkney. The firth

PEN

366

PER

is a strait or sound, connecting the German
Ocean with the Atlantic ; measures about
17 miles in length, and from 6 to 8 miles
in width, but expands at middle of north
side into Scalpa Flow ; and is swept by
such rapid tides and occasional whirlpools
as to make large demands on the experi-
ence, skill, and vigilance of navigators.
— The skerries are two islets and some
insulated rocks near middle of the firth's
east end ; and the largest islet is crowned
by two lighthouses, 100 feet apart, with
fixed lights visible at the distance of 18
and 19 nautical miles. Pop. 17.

PENTLAND (NEW). See Pentland,
Edinburghshire.

PENTON, grand cataract on Liddel river,
on boundary between Dumfriesshire and
England, about 6 miles south-east of
Langholm. It takes its name from a
village on the English side.

PENWHERRY. See Pinwherry.

PERCETON. See Pierceton.

PERCHHALL, partially-drained lake in
Applegarth parish, Dumfriesshire.

PERCY, one of the Cheviots, in More-
battle parish, Roxburghshire.

PERK, hill, with cairns supposed to be
memorials of Macbeth's fatal battle, in
Lumphanan parish, Aberdeenshire.

PERSIE, quoad sacra parish, averagely
about miles north of Blairgowrie,
Perthshire. It contains Ballintuim
hamlet, with post office under Blair-
gowrie, and a lofty hill of its own name,
with good medicinal spring ; and it has a
church of 1785, and a public school with
about 29 scholars. Pop. 715.

PERTH, city and four parishes in Perth-
shire. The city stands on the Tay, 39
miles by road, but 45 by railway, north-
north-west of Edinburgh ; is believed by
some antiquaries to date from or before
the Roman times, either on its present
site or. on one at influx of the Almond to
the Tay ; was either founded or refounded
about beginning of 13th century, and bore
for some time the name of St. John's
Town or St. Johnstone ; figured promi-
nently, with eventful issues, throughout
the wars of the Succession ; had, periodi-
cally or frequently, the status of the
metropolis of Scotland, for a long time
prior to the reign of James ill. ; was, as
described in Sir Walter Scott's Fair Maid
of Perth, the scene of a great judicial
combat in the time of Robert ill. ; was
also the scene, in 1437, of the murder of
James 1. ; in 1600, of the event known as
the Gowrie conspiracy ; in 1623, of the
burning of three women for alleged witch-
craft ; in 1617 and 1632, of pompous
demonstrations at visits of James VI. and
Charles 1. ; served as a centre of military
operations by the Marquis of Montrose,
Oliver Cromwell, the Chevalier St.
George, and Prince Charles Edward ; gave
the title of earl from 1605 to the family
of Drummond, forfeited in 1746, and
restored in 1853 ; was publicly visited by

Queen Victoria in 1842, and became her
stated halting-place in her journeys to and
from the Highlands ; ranked long as the
centre of traffic between the Lowlands and
the Highlands ; ranks now as a seat of
manufacture, a head port, a nexus of rail-
way communication, a grand centre for
tourists, a seat of justiciary courts, the
political capital of Perthshire, and a burgh
sending one member to Parliament ;
publishes 3 weekly newspapers and 2
twice a week ; and has a head post office
with all departments, a sub post office
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, a railway station with convergent
lines from all parts of the kingdom,
8 banking offices, 8 principal hotels,
many imposing public edifices, 7 Estab-
lished churches, 5 Free churches, 4.
United Presbyterian churches, Original
Secession, Congregational, Evangelical
Union, Baptist, Methodist, and Uni-
tarian churches, an Episcopalian cathe-
dral, 2 other Episcopalian places of wor-
ship, 2 Roman Catholic churches, 19
schools with capacity for 4933 scholars,
and a number of important institutions.

The burgh comprises the ancient city
and modern environs on right bank of the
Tay, the suburb of Bridgend on left bank,
and small portions within Tibbermore and
Scone parishes ; stands chiefly on low flat
ground engirt round most of its circle by
ornate hills ; embraces at its upper and
lower extremities, contiguous to right bank
of the river, two large public parks called
Inches ; includes numerous villas and
adornments, both on low outskirts and on
overhanging braes ; enjoys in the adjacent
reaches of the Tay's valley, in the con-
tiguous hills of Moncrieff and Kinnoul,
and in expanse of country for several miles
around, most attractive environs, both
abounding in rich close scenes, and com-
manding splendid distant views ; and
exhibits within itself, in at once alignment,
architecture, and amenity, a finer appear-
ance than any other Scottish town except
Edinburgh and Glasgow. A compact
body, measuring about 4 furlongs by 3,
intersected westward by spacious streets,
and comprising all the ancient city, with
numerous secondary streets, alleys, and
lanes, lies between the two Inches ; two
modern wings, including streets, terraces,
and crescents, lie respectively north and
south of that body ; a spacious, handsome
street, begun to be formed in 1869, and
serving partly as a fine promenade, extends
along the Tay between the two wings ;
and great improvements, in formation of
another new street and in erection of
numerous new buildings, were made in
1877 and subsequent years. The Municipal
Buildings, on site of previous town hall,
were erected in 1879 at a cost of about
£12,000, and include a fac-simile of a
famous old tower. The County Buildings,
on site of Gowrie House, adjacent to the
river, were erected in 1808-20 at a cost of

PER

367

PER

£32,000, and underwent great enlargement
in 1866. The Convict Prison for Scotland,
on plot of about 18 acres in the south-
western outskirts, was erected in 1812 at a
cost of £130,000 for French prisoners of
war ; underwent change in 1841 at a cost
of £28,000 to adapt it to its present use ;
and was enlarged in 1858, in some subse-
quent years, and again in 1880-81. The
County and City prisons, behind the County
Buildings, are an extensive pile with high-
walled enclosure. The railway station, in
the south-western outskirts, is a very large
structure with Tudor front and commo-
dious arrangements, and includes elegant
refreshment rooms. The railway viaduct
across the Tay on the line to Dundee was
completed in 1861 at a cost of more than
£24.000, describes the segment of a circle
about 1180 feet long, and includes on its
north side a pedestrian bridge. The car-
riage bridge, connecting the city-proper
with Bridgend, was erected in 1766-72 at
a cost of £26,631, underwent improvement
in 1870-71 at a cost of £3060, and is a ten-
arched structure 880 feet long. The water
reservoir, on site of Cromwell's citadel
adjacent to the Tay, was constructed in
1830 at a cost of £13,600 ; and an extension
of the waterworks was completed in 1880
at a cost of about £30,000.

St. John's Established church, within
an open area in the city-proper, is a
cruciform edifice, mostly ancient but partly
modern ; has a very old steeple, a Norman
arch, and a diversity of Gothic feature ;
had, in the Romish times, a very great
number of altars ; and is now partitioned
into three parochial churches, East, Middle,
and West. St. Paul's parochial church
was erected in 1807 at a cost of £7000.
St. John's West Free church was erected
in 1871 at a cost of about £8000, and has
a steeple 215 feet high. St. Leonard's
and St. Stephen's Free churches were
erected in or after 1877. The North
United Presbyterian church, partly on site
of a previous church, was erected in 18S0
at a cost of more than £7000. St. Ninian's
Episcopalian Cathedral was partly erected
in 1850, with design to be completed as a
cruciform structure. The public semi1
naries were erected in 1837 at a cost of
£6000, and have capacity for 1039 scholars.
Provost Marshall's monument is a circular
dome-capped edifice of 1824, and contains
the Perth public library, and the Literary
and Antiquarian Society's museum. A
new public hall to contain accommodation
for 1200 persons, and to be adjoined by
lecture-room, scientific library, and good,
museum, was projected in 1877. Other
monuments than Marshall's are the late
Prince Consort's, the poet Burns', and Sir
Walter Scott's. The city and county
infirmary was erected in 1837, and treats
about 1590 patients a year. The lunatic
asylum was erected in 1827, and extended
in 1834, at a cost of more than £40,000.
Portions of a strong ancient wall, supposed

to be that which enclosed the ancient city,
were discovered at digging the foundation
for the new public hall in beginning of
1880 ; and part of a fosse, thought to have
existed before the time of Malcolm Can-
more, was contiguous. An ancient chapel,
part of another ancient chapel, a number
of ancient dwelling-houses, and vestiges
of the localities noticed in Sir Walter
Scott's Fair Maid of Perth, are still extant.
The harbour was a few years ago improved
at a cost of £60,000. The vessels belonging
to the port at end of 1879 were 25 sailing
vessels of 1969 tons, and 1 steam vessel of
IS tons. The arrivals in 1879 were 83
British vessels of 5543 tons, and 32 foreign
vessels of 4054 tons ; the departures 92
British vessels of 6204 tons, and 34 foreign
vessels of 4167 tons. Real property of
the burgh in 1880-81, £117,983. Pop.
28,949.

The four parishes are East, Middle, St.
Paul, and West ; and a quoad sacra parish,
that of St. Leonard's, consists of parts of
the East and the West. The whole
aggregately measure 4 J miles in length,
2£ miles in extreme breadth, and 3658
acres in area. Real property of the land-
ward parts in 1880-81, £6207. The Middle
and St. Paul lie wholly in the city. Pop.
4902 and 3009. The West also lies almost
all in the city. Pop., quoad civilia, 6192 ;
quoad sacra, 3983. The East includes part
of the city, comprises nearly all the land-
ward parts, and contains the villages of
Dovecotland, Tulloch, Craigie, Cherry-
bank, Pitheavlis, Craigend, and Friar-
ton. Pop., quoad civilia, 12,102; quoad
sacra, 10,720. The surface, in a general
view, lies westward from the Tay ; consists
largely of rich plain ; includes, in the
south-east, a part of Moncrieff hill ; and
is diversified in the interior by numerous
swelling ridges. Upwards of two-thirds
are fertile arable land, and about 750
acres of the other third are under wood.
A United Presbyterian church is at Craig-
end ; and public schools are at Craigend
and Cherrybank.

PERTH AND DUNDEE RAILWAY. See
Dundee and Perth Railway.

PERTH AND DUNKELD RAILWAY,
railway, 8§ miles long, from a junction at
6J miles north of Perth north-north-west-
ward to Birnam, in vicinity of Dunkeld.
It was opened in 1856, and is now part of
the Highland Railway system.

PERTHSHIRE, large county, partly
maritime, but chiefly inland, in centre of
Scotland. It extends southward from
summit-line of Central Grampians to upper
and middle reaches of the Forth, and east-
ward from summit-line of lateral Gram-
pians to boundary with Forfarshire and
Fife ; it includes a section of 6J miles by
4^, detached about 2 miles from its main
body, and lying on upper part of Firth of
Forth ; and it comprehends the ancient
districts of Athole, Breadalbane, Rannoch,
Balquhidder, Monteith, Strathearn, Strath-

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368

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tay, Stormont, and Gowrie. Its length is
74 miles ; its greatest breadth 67 miles ;
it-s area 2601 square miles. Its extent of
coast is 12 miles on Firth of Tay and 4 on
Firth of Forth. Its interior unites the
Highlands to the Lowlands, combines or
puts into juxtaposition the characteristic
features of both, and contains a larger
quantity and a richer variety of picturesque
landscape than any other equal extent of
country in the British empire. The nor-
thern and western sections, comprising
more than one-half of all the area, are
entirely Highland ; consist mostly of moun-
tain-ranges, intersected by long glens,
radiating toward the centre ; and contain
Benlawers, Bendearg, Benygloe, Ben-
vrackie, Schichallion, Stobinian, Benvoir-
lich, Mealgirdy, Benchonzie, Benmore,
Benledi, Ben venue, and other alpine
summits. The other sections exhibit a
large miniature of all the Scottish Low-
lands ; consist variously of hill-range,
strath, valley, undulation, and plain ; and
include portions of the Sidlaw and the
Ochil hills, part of Strathmore, all Strath-
earn, most of Strathallan, part of Carse of
Forth, and all Carse of Gowrie. The
mountains and the uplands are greatly
diversified in form and feature ; the up-
land plateaux range from pastoral to wildly
weird ; the glens, esj^ecially toward their
outlets, exhibit rich diversity of width,
flank, and ornature ; the several portions
of the Lowlands range from bold cliffs to
gardenesque expanses ; and the entire area
is threaded and gemmed with beautiful
streams and lovely lakes. The chief rivers
are the Tay, winding centrally through
both Highlands and Lowlands ; the Tum-
mel, the Lyon, the Bran, the Isla, the
Almond, and the Earn, running to the
Tay ; the Garry, running to the Tummel ;
the Ericht, running to the Isla ; the Forth,
running mainly along the southern boun-
dary ; ' and the Teith, the Allan, and the
Devon, running to the Forth. The chief
lakes are Ericht, Bannoch, Garry, and
Tummel in the north; Lows, Marlee,
and Clunie in the east ; Tay, Earn, and
Dochart in the centre and the west ; and
Katrine, Achray, Vennachoir, Monteith,
Lubnaig, Voil, Ard, and Chon in the south-
west. Coal and ironstone abound in the
detached section ; red sandstone lies be-
neath Strathmore and Carse of Gowrie ;
and fine marble is found in Glentilt. The
tillage lands in the carses, in Strathearn,
and in some other parts, are of prime
character ; and the pastures for both sheep
and black cattle are nearly as various as
those of all Scotland. Textile manufac-
ture employs much of the population ;
and commerce at Perth and through
Dundee and Alloa is considerable. The
towns with each more than 3000 inhabi-
tants are Perth, Crieff, and Blairgowrie ;
with each more than 2000, Auchterarder,
Alyth, and Coupar - Angus ; with each
more than 1000, Dunblane, Doune, Callan-

der, Kincardine, Scone, Comrie, Dunning,
Aberfeldy, Muthill, and Lornty ; and the
villages with each more than 300 amount
to 26. The territory belonged to the
Caledonian Horestii and Vecturiones ; was
included by the Romans in their Vespa-
siana ; contained a capital of Pictavia ;
and figured much in the public events of
the mediaeval and Reformation times. Its
chief antiquities are numerous Caledonian
stone circles, hill-forts, and cairns ; ves-
tiges of many watch-towers ; the Roman
camp of Ardoch, other Roman camps, a
Roman road, and the site of the Roman
Bertha ; the cylindrical tower of Aber-
nethy, and site of the royal palace of
Scone ; curious monuments associated with
the semi-fabulous King Arthur and the
famous Macbeth ; Doune Castle, Ruthven
Castle, Elcho Castle, and Castle-Campbell ;
the cathedrals of Dunkeld and Dunblane ;
the abbeys of Scone, Inchaffray, Culross,
and Coupar-Angus ; the monasteries of
Inchmahome, Strathfillan, Loch Tay, and
Elcho ; and the collegiate churches of
Perth, Methven, and Muthill. Real pro-
perty of the county in 1880-81, £977,216.
Pop. in 1871, 127,768 ; in 1881, 128,985.

PETCOX, village in Stenton parish,
Haddingtonshire. It formerly gave name
to the parish.

PETERCULTER, parish on left side of
the Dee, averagely 6 miles west-south- west
of Aberdeen. It contains the post offices
of Peterculter and Countesswells, each
under Aberdeen ; and it includes 359 acres
formerly belonging to Banchory-Devenick.
Its length is about 6 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 4^ miles; its area 10,547
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £11,726.
Pop. 1908. The land includes some
haugh adjacent to the Dee, rises thence in
gentle slope, and then becomes very uneven
and rugged, with interspersions of rocky
heights and marshy flats, but is nearly all
arable or utilized. The seats are Culter,
Murtle, Binghall, Countesswells, and
Bieldside ; and the antiquities are a Cale-
donian stone circle, a large tumulus, and
traces of the Roman camp of Normandykes.
The churches are Established and Free ;
and there are 3 schools with capacity for
237 scholars.

PETERHEAD, town and parish on east
coast of Aberdeenshire. The town stands
at terminus of branch railway, on penin-
sula two-thirds engirt by the sea, 32 miles
by road but 44J by railway north-north-
east of Aberdeen ; was founded in 1593
adjacent to the fishing village of Keith-
Inch ; ranks now as a head port, the
centre of a fishery district, a resort of
invalids for sea - bathing and use of
medicinal springs, and a burgh uniting
with Inverury, Kintore, Banff, Cullen,
and Elgin in sending a member to Parlia-
ment ; attracts tourists for inspection of a
neighbouring reach of romantic coast ;
possesses harbour works constructed at a
cost of more than £85,000, and designed

PET

369

PHI

in 1878 to be improved at a cost of about
£30,000; is the largest depot of the
whale-fishing of Great Britain; publishes
two weekly newspapers ; and has a head
post office with all departments, a rail-
way station, 4 banking offices, several
hotels, a steepled town hall, 3 Established
churches, 2 Free churches, United Presby-
terian, Baptist, Methodist, Episcopalian,
and Roman Catholic churches, and 4
public schools with upwards of 700
scholars. The town is well-built, clean,
and airy, yet presents a confused street
arrangement. The vessels belonging to
the port at end of 1879 were 66 sailing
vessels of 8769 tons, and 7 steam vessels of
1263 tons. The arrivals in 1879 were 739
British vessels of 59,240 tons, and 139
foreign vessels of 12,211 tons ; the de-
partures, 730 British vessels of 60,793 tons,
and 143 foreign vessels of 12,323 tons.
Real property of the burgh in 1880-81,
£33,672. Pop. 10,922.— The parish con-
tains also the suburb of Buchanhaven, and
the villages of Boddam, Burnhaven, and
Ronheads. Its length is 5 miles ; its
greatest breadth 4 miles ; its area 9670
acres. Real property of landward part in
1880-81, £16,741. Pop. of the whole,
quoad civilia, 14,257 ; quoad sacra, 9906.
The river Ugie traces the northern bound-
ary to the sea ; the coast thence to the
southern boundary includes the bays of
Peterhead and Sandford ; is partly high
and rocky, partly flat and sandy ; and,
near the southern boundary, projects into
the promontory of Buchanness. A sweep
of hill bearing four successive names, and
nowhere higher than 286 feet above sea-
level, goes from that promontory round
the southern and western borders', and is
crowned on one summit by a lofty tower in
honour of Earl Grey and the Reform Bill.
The rest of the land is an undulated or
rolling plain. Granite and syenite are
extensively quarried and exported. Chief
objects of interest are Ravenscrag and
Boddam castles. An Established mission
church is in the town, and a chapel-of-ease
is at Boddam. Eleven schools for 2365
scholars are in the parish, and 1 of them
and enlargements for 731 are new.

PETERHEAD (EAST), quoad sacra parish,
with church, in Peterhead parish, Aber-
deenshire. Pop. 3926.

PETERHILL, summit of hill in Birse
parish, Aberdeenshire.

PETER (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in Glas-
gow. Pop. 1444.

• PETER (ST.), ancient chapelry in Lady
parish, Sanday Island, Orkney.

PETER (ST.), section of South Ronald-
shay parish, with church in northern part
of South Ronaldshay Island, Orkney.

PETER'S WELL (ST.), copious spring in
Mouswald parish, Dumfriesshire.

PETERTOWN, place, with public school,
in Orphir parish, Orkney.

PETERUGIE, parish, disjoined from

Peterhead in 1620, and now called Long-
side, in Aberdeenshire.

PETTIE. See Petty.

PETTINAIN, hamlet and parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. The hamlet lies
near the Clyde, 5J miles east-south-east
of Lanark, and has a post office under
Lanark, a small church, and a public
school with capacity for 66 scholars. — The
parish measures about 3 miles by 2^, and
comprises 3900 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £4568. Pop. 360. The surface
is partly very low flat land adjacent to the
Clyde, and partly a gentle unequal acclivity
up to a height of about 500 feet above
the Clyde's level. The only mansion is Sir
Wyndham Ansti-uther's seat of Westraw.

PETTY, village in Inverness-shire, and
parish partly also in Nairnshire. The
village stands on Moray Firth, 7 miles
north-east of Inverness, and has a post
office under Inverness, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
70 scholars. — The parish contains also
Connage village and the Stuarton section
of Campbelton. Its length is about 9
miles ; its breadth between 2 and 3 miles ;
its area 9455 acres in Inverness-shire, and
321 in Nairnshire. Real property in
1880-81, £8100 and £203. Pop. 1488
and 43. The surface rises like a
broken wave from the coast, then sinks
into a vale of moss land, then ascends to
Culloden moor. The seats are Castle-
Stuart, Gollanfield, and Flemington ; and
the antiquities are several Caledonian stone
circles, and two mediaeval judicial moats.
A United Presbyterian church is at Camp-
belton ; and 2 new public schools with
capacity for 250 scholars are in the parish.

PETTYCUR, harbour with good quay, J
mile south-by -west of Kinghorn, Fife.

PETYN, ancient parish, now part of
Petty, Inverness-shire.

PHANTASSIE, estate in Prestonkirk
parish, Haddingtonshire.

PHARAY (HOLM OF), pastoral islet
adjacent to north end of North Pharay,
Orkney.

PHARAY (NORTH), island, 1£ mile west
of Eday, Orkney. It is about 2 miles long,
and has a public school. Pop. 72.

PHARAY (SOUTH), island, about 2 miles
long, adjacent to east side of Hoy, Ork-
ney. Pop. 68.

PHESDO, seat, 3J miles north-north-
west of Laurencekirk, Kincardineshire.

PHILIP, burn, running eastward to the
Monynut, on boundary between Hadding-
tonshire and Berwickshire.

PHILIPHAUGH, alluvial plain, scene of
Sir David Leslie's victory over Marquis of
Montrose in 1645, from L| to 3 miles south-
west of Selkirk. It contains a monument
of the victory, and the modern mansion of
Philiphaugh Castle.

PHILIPSTON, village, 2\ miles north-
west of Winchburgh, Linlithgowshire.

PHILLANS (ST.), ancient parish, now
called Forgan, on north border of Fife.

2 A

PHI

370

PIT

PHILORTH, seat of Lord Saltoun, 2 miles
south of Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire.

PHLADDA. See Fladda.

PHONA, place, with site of ancient
chapel, in Inveraven parish, Banffshire.

PHOPACHY, seat on promontory on
south side of Loch Beauly, Inverness-
shire.

PHYSGILL, seat and coast caves in
Glasserton parish, Wigtonshire.

PICKET, hill and three lake-like reser-
voirs in Eaglesham parish, Renfrewshire.

PICTAVIA, ancient kingdom of the Picts.
It originated with portions of the northern
Caledonians unsubdued by the Romans ;
it came obscurely into view at the Roman
abdication ; it does not seem to have had
any recognised permanent limits, or to
have ever extended farther south than the
Forth ; it shifted its court from one place
to another, and held it for a time at
respectively Inverness, Forteviot, Aber-
nethy, and probably other places ; it had
many contests both within itself and
against the Dalriadans, the Romanized
Caledonians, and the Saxons ; and it be-
came united in 843 with Dalriada to form
the pristine kingdom of Scotland.

PICTSWORKDITCH. See Catrail.

PIDOURIN, affluent of Douglas river,
Lanarkshire.

PIERCETON, village, with Free church,
in Dreghorn parish, Ayrshire.

PIEROWALL, bay and village in north-
east of Westray Island, Orkney. The bay
is a very fine natural harbour for small
vessels ; and the village stands at its head,
and has an inn, and a public school with
about 92 scholars.

PIERSHILL, cavalry barracks at Jock's
Lodge, in eastern vicinity of Edinburgh.

PIGEONS, spar cave on west coast of
Gigha Island, Argyleshire.

PIKE FELL, mountain, 1637 feet high,
6| miles north-north-east of Langholm,
Dumfriesshire.

PILGRIMS, eminence, with site of
Lazarite establishment, adjacent to Lin-
lithgow.

PILNOUR. See Palnure.

PILTANTON, rivulet, running about 12
miles east-south-eastward to head of Luce
Bay, Wigtonshire.

PINGARIE, prominent crag in Tynron
parish, Dumfriesshire.

PINKIE, seat of Sir Archibald Hope,
Bart., barony, and battlefield of 1547, in
eastern vicinity of Musselburgh, Edin-
burghshire.

PINKIE'S HOLE, large round cavity on
Sheriffmuir, in Stobo parish, Peeblesshire.

PINMORE, railway station and mansion
5 miles south of Girvan, Ayrshire. The
mansion was burnt in 1876, and rebuilt in
1877.

PINNACLEHILL, seat on rock overhang-
ing the Tweed in vicinity of Kelso, Rox-
burghshire.

PINWHIRRY, railway station, ruined
ancient fortalice, and public school with

about 60 scholars, in Colmonell parish,
Ayrshire.

PIPER-DAM, reedy marsh, swarming
with water-fowl, in Fowlis-Easter parish,
Perthshire.

PIPERHALL, hamlet in Kingarth parish,
Isle of Bute.

PIPER'S COVE, large cavern, with deep
well, on Colvend coast, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

PIPER'S-HEUGH, quondam village,
notable for manufacture of Jew's harps,
in vicinity of Stevenston, Ayrshire.

PIRN, seat on the Gala, 2 miles north-
north-west of Stow, Edinburghshire.

PIRNMILL, place, with post office under
Brodick, Arran Island, Buteshire.

PIRNTAITON, place, with remains of
Roman camp, 3| miles north-north-west
of Stow, Edinburghshire.

PITALPIE. See King's Cross, Forfar-
shire.

PITBEADLAY, hill, with remains of cir-
cular camp, in St. Cyrus parish, Kincar-
dineshire.

PITBLADO, seat in Cupar parish, Fife.

PITCAIRLY, woodlands in Newburgh
parish, Fife.

PITCAIRN, or PITC AIRNGREEN , and
BRIDGETON-OF-PITCAIRN, two conjoint
villages, on Almond river, 4J miles west-
north- west of Perth. They have bleaching-
works, Free and United Presbyterian
churches, and a public school with about
80 scholars. Pop. 213 and 88.

PITCAIRN (NEW), or NEWTON-OF-
PITCAIRN, village, i mile south of Dun-
ning, Perthshire. It has a public school
with about 96 scholars.

PITCAIRNS, seat in vicinity of New
Pitcairn, Perthshire.

PITCAITHLY, medicinal springs, with
lodging-houses, about a mile south-west of
Bridge of Earn, Perthshire.

PITCAPLE, railway station, post office
with money order department designated
of Aberdeenshire, castellated seat, partly
ancient, partly modern, and a public school
with about 86 scholars, 4f miles north-west
of Tnverury, Aberdeenshire.

PITCON, colliery in Dairy parish, Ayr-
shire.

PITCULLO, castellated old mansion in
Leuchars parish, Fife.

PITCUR, ruined ancient baronial castle,
1£ mile south-east of Kettins, Forfar-
shire.

PITEADIE, hill and ruined old castle in
Kinghorn parish, Fife.

PITFICHIE, ruined old castle in Mony-
musk parish, Aberdeenshire.

PITFODELS, estate in Banchory-Deve-
nick parish, Kincardineshire.

PITFOUR, seat in Old Deer parish,
Aberdeenshire.

PITFOUR, seat in St. Madoes parish,
Perthshire.

PITGAIR, farm, with ruined, thick-
walled, romantically-situated old castle,
in Gamrie parish, Banffshire.

PIT

371

PIT

PITHEAVLIS, village, and a seat of Lord
Elibank, near Perth.

PITKERRO, estate in Dundee parish,
Forfarshire.

PITLESSIE, village, 4 miles south-west
of Cupar, Fife. It figures much in the
history of Sir David Wilkie, and it has a
post office under Ladybank, a Free church,
a United Presbyterian church, and a large
public school. Pop. 356.

PITLETHIE, seat in Leuchars parish, Fife.

PITLIVER, seat, 2| miles south-west of
Dunfermline, Fife.

PITLOCHRIE, village on the Tummel,
28h miles north-by-west of Perth. It
stands amid richly picturesque scenery,
contains many fine villas, presents a beau-
tiful appearance, is a favourite resort of
convalescents and summer visitors, and
has a head post office with all departments,
a railway station, 3 banking offices, 2
hotels, a large hydropathic establishment,
opened in 1878, Free and Episcopalian
churches, and a public school with about
201 scholars. Pop. 777.

PITLOCHRIE, small affluent of the Isla,
in Glenisla parish, Forfarshire.

PITLOUR, seat in Strathmiglo parish,
Fife.

PITLUNDIE, hill in Avoch parish, Ross-
shire.

PITLURG, seat, 4f miles east-north-east
of Ellon, Aberdeenshire.

PITLYAL, lake in Lundie parish, Forfar-
shire.

PITMAIN, place, with inn, in Kingussie
parish, Inverness-shire.

PITMEDDEN, seat of Sir William C.
Seton,Bart.,in Udny parish, Aberdeenshire.

PITMIDDIE, village in Kinnaird parish,
Perthshire.

PITMILLY, seat in Kingsbarns parish,
Fife.

PITMUDIE, hamlet in Lintrathen parish,
Forfarshire.

PITMUIES, seat in Kirkden parish,
Forfarshire.

PITNACREE, seat on left side of the
Tay, between Weem and Logierait, Perth-
shire.

PITNAPIES, village in Newtyle parish,
Forfarshire.

PITORMIE, seat in Dairsie parish, Fife.

PITREAVIE, seat and battlefield of
1651, on south-east border of Dunfermline
parish, Fife.

PITRICHIE, seat in Udny parish, Aber-
deenshire.

PITRODIE, village and glen in Kilspindie
parish, Perthshire. The village has a post
office under Perth and a United Presby-
terian church, and the glen is said to
have been a hiding-place of Sir William

"YV ft 1 1 R C €5

PITSCANDLY, seat and hill in Rescobie
parish, Forfarshire.

PITSCOTTIE, estate once belonging to
the Scottish historian Lindsay, in Ceres
parish, Fife.

PITSLIGO, parish, containing Rosehearty

post office village and Pittullie and Sand-
haven fishing villages, in western vicinity
of Fraserburgh, on north coast of Aber-
deenshire. Its length is 4 miles; its
greatest breadth 2^ miles ; its area 4641
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £8561.
Pop. 2582. The coast is partly flat and
sandy, partly high, bold, rocky, and
fissured ; and the interior rises gently
thence to an elevation of about 300 feet,
and then declines to the south. Pitsligo
and Pittullie castles stand on the coast,
and are ancient structures in a state of
ruin ; and the former gave to the family
of Forbes the peerage title of baron,
forfeited in 1746. The churches are
Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian. There are 3 schools with capacity
for 529 scholars, and an enlargement of 1
of them for 120 is new.

PITSLIGO (NEW), town and quoad
sacra parish in Buchan district, Aberdeen-
shire. The town stands 4 miles west of
Strichen, and 11 south-west of Fraser-
burgh ; was founded about the year 1790 ;
comprises two well-built main streets, one
of them fully a mile long ; and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Aberdeen, a banking
office, 2 hotels, Established, Free, Congre-
gational, and Episcopalian churches, a new
public school with capacity for 464 scholars,
and 3 other schools. Pop. 2056.— The
parish was formed in 1799, enlarged in
1835, and reconstituted by civil authority
in 1853 ; and it measures about 6 miles by
5. Pop. 2964.

PITTAIRTHY, estate, with relinquished
large old castellated mansion, in Dunino
parish, Fife.

PITTENCRIEFF, seat in western vicinity
of Dunfermline, and glen within that
town, in Fife.

PITTENWEEM, town and parish on
south-east coast of Fife. The town stands
on Firth of Forth, 1 mile west-south- west
of Anstruther ; contains interesting re-
mains of priory of 12th century ; consists
of well-built streets, partly old and partly
new ; ranks as a sub-port and a royal
burgh ; unites with St. Andrews and five
other Fife burghs in sending a member to
Parliament ; and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Fife, a railway station, a good
harbour, 2 banking offices, Established,
United Presbyterian, and Episcopalian
churches, and 3 public schools with about
417 scholars. Real property in 1880-81,
£5878. Pop. 2087.— The parish measures
about 1|- mile by \, and comprises 663
acres. Real property of landward part in
1880-81, £753. Pop. of the whole, 2119.
The land is flat, and overlies workable
seams of coal.

PITTHEVELISS. See Pitheavlis.

PITTODRIE, seat, loftily situated on east
side of Bennachie Mountain, and command-
ing a grand view of Garioch valley, Aber-
deenshire.

PIT

372

POL

PITTULLIE, fishing village and ruined
old baronial castle, 3 miles west of Fraser-
burgh, Aberdeenshire. Pop. 277.

PLADDA, small low green island near
south-eastern extremity of Arran, in Firth
of Clyde. A lighthouse is on it with two
fixed lights, the one above the other,
visible at the distance of 14 and 17 nautical
miles. Pop. 17.

PLAIDY, railway station and estate, 4|
miles north of Turriff, Aberdeenshire.

PLAINS, village in New Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 516.

PLANTATION, south-western suburb of
Glasgow, on the Clyde, above Govan. It
has a quoad sacra parochial church, and a
United Presbyterian church. Pop. of the
quoad sacra parish, 11,519.

PLATANE, quondam forest, extending
from Finhaven Castle to Kirriemuir, in
Forfarshire.

PLATT, hill, with site of ancient camp,
and with extensive view, in Ratho parish,
Edinburghshire.

PLEAN, village and quoad sacra parish
in Stirlingshire. The village stands 5
miles south-east of Stirling, and has a post
office under Stirling, a large hospital for old
men, an Established church, and 2 public
schools with about 218 scholars. Pop. 369.
—The parish contains a ruined, thick-walled
old tower, extensive collieries, and the
camping-ground of Prince Charles Edward
prior to the battle of Falkirk. Pop. 1037.

PLEASANCE, old suburb in south-east of
Old Town of Edinburgh. It contained a
nunnery of St. Mary of Placentia, and got
its name from corruption of the word
Placentia.

PLEASANCE, village in Dalserf parish,
Lanarkshire.

PLENDERLEATH, place, with ruined
old chapel, in Oxnam parish, Roxburgh-
shire.

PLOCKTON, village and quoad sacra
parish on south-west coast of Eoss-shire.
The village stands on the south side of
Loch Carron, 5 miles west-south-west of
Strome Ferry, and has a post office
under Strome-Ferry, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
126 scholars. Pop. 440.

PLODDA, fine cascade on Deaothack
ri vulet, in Kiltarlity parish, Inverness-shire.

PLORA, burn, running northward from
Minchmoor to the Tweed, in Peeblesshire.

PLOTCOCK, colliery in Hamilton parish,
Lanarkshire.

PLUNTON, picturesquely-situated ruined
old castle in Borgue parish, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

PLUSCARDINE, place, with ruined abbey
of 13th century, in pleasant vale 5 miles
south-west of Elgin. It has a post office
under Elgin and a Free church. The
abbey resembles that of Melrose, but is
smaller and plainer ; its chapter-house re-
sembles that of Elgin Cathedral ; and part
of its cloisters has been re-constructed into
the Free church.

POLAGHLOUP, great cavernous fissure
on north coast of Durness parish, Suther-
land.

POLBEATH, burn, running southward
to the Irvine, at 3J miles east of Kilmar-
nock, Ayrshire.

POLGAVIE. See Powgavie.

FOLGREE, rivulet, running south-east-
ward to the Garnock, in Kilbirnie parish,
Ayrshire.

POLHARROW, affluent of the Ken, in
Kells parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

POLKEMMET, seat of Sir William Baillie,
Bart., 1| mile west of Whitburn, Linlith-
gowshire.

POLLA, rivulet, running to the sea, in
north-east of Durness parish, Sutherland.

POLLEWE. See Poolewe.

POLLOCK, rivulet, running to Loch
Shiel, on north border of Argyleshire.

POLLOCK, seat of Sir John M. S.
Maxwell, Bart., about a mile west of
Pollockshaws, Renfrewshire.

POLLOCK, or UPPER POLLOCK, seat of
Sir Hew C. Pollock, Bart., 3f miles south-
west of Pollockshaws, Renfrewshire.

POLLOCKSHAWS, town on the White
Cart, 1\ miles south-south-west of Glasgow.
It stands in Eastwood parish, which had
for ministers the ecclesiastical historians
Crawford and Woodrow; consists of ir-
regularly-arranged streets, but presents a
pleasant appearance ; is a prosperous seat
of manufacture ; and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Glasgow, a railway station,
2 banking offices, a town hall, 2 Established
churches, 2 Free churches, United Pres-
byterian, Original Secession, and Roman
Catholic churches, an academy so enlarged
in 1879 as to have capacity for about 550
scholars, the Sir John Maxwell school,
with about the same capacity as the aca-
demy, and a handsome monument to the
historian Woodrow. Pop. 9363. Part of
the town forms a quoad sacra parish.
Pop. 6402.

POLLOCKSHIELDS, suburb averagely
If mile south-west of centre of Glasgow.
It is all modern and regularly aligned ;
was constituted a police burgh in 1876 ;
consists largely of rows of handsome villas ;
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, under Glasgow,
a railway station, Established and Free
churches of 1878, erected at cost of about
respectively £14,000 and £6500, a United
Presbyterian church of 1882, and a public
school. Pop. 6464. — A quoad sacra parish
contains the suburb and extends beyond
it. Pop. 6523.

POLMADDIE, hill, 1750 feet high, 12
miles south of Maybole, Ayrshire.

POLMADIE, suburb, with site of ancient
hospital, in southern outskirts of Glasgow.
Pop. 1876.

POLMAILY, seat and public school in
Urquhart parish, Inverness-shire.

POLMAISE, seat on the Forth, 2\
\ miles east of Stirling.

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373

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POLMONT, village and parish, on east bor-
der of Stirlingshire. The village stands 3|
miles east of Falkirk, gives the title of
baron to the Duke of Hamilton, and has
a post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, designated of Stirling-
shire, Established and Free churches, and a
public school with about 196 scholars. Pop.
519. — The parish contains also Redding,
Wallacetown, Shieldhill, and Craigs vil-
lages, and small part of Grangemouth
town. Its length is 6 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 2^ miles ; its area 5121
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £20,883.
Pop., quoad civilia, 3955; quoad sacra,
3861. The northern section is bounded
by the Forth, and consists of rich carse,
so low as to be protected by strong
embankments from the tides ; and the
southern section rises gradually to a maxi-
mum height of about 553 feet. Coal,
ironstone, and sandstone abound, and are
lai'gely worked. Chief seats are Polmont
House, Polmont Park, Polmont Bank,
Parkhill, Clarkstone, and Millfield; and
a great antiquity was a reach of Antoninus'
wall, now quite extinct. A chapel-of-ease
is at Shieldhill. Six schools for 826
scholars are in the parish, and 1 of them
and enlargements for 316 are new.

POLMONT JUNCTION, railway station,
3 miles east of Falkirk, Linlithgowshire.
It has a post office designated of Stirling-
shire.

POLMOOD, burn running north-eastward
to the Tweed, in Tweedsmuir parish,
Peeblesshire.

POLMUNCKSHEAD, estate in Douglas
parish, Lanarkshire.

POLNACKIE. See Palnackie.

POLNOON, quondam castle, now repre-
sented by only slight vestiges, in Eagles-
ham parish, Renfrewshire. It was long the
residence of the Earl of Eglinton's ancestors.

POLROAG, cove, with narrow entrance,
but good anchorage, on Duirinish coast,
Isle of Skye.

POLTAIRVE, creek, with safe anchoring-
ground, on Mull coast, opposite Iona,
Argyleshire.

POLTALLOCH, ancient seat on south-
east shore of Loch Craignish, Argyleshire.

POLTIEL, sea-loch, 2 miles long, on
Duirinish coast, Isle of Skye.

POLTON, village, 1 mile west of Lass-
wade, Edinburghshire. It has a post office
designated of Mid-Lothian, and a railway
station. Pop. 130.

POLTONHALL, village in Cockpen parish,
Edinburghshire. Pop. 304.

POLWARTH, village and parish in Ber-
wickshire. The village stands 4 miles
south-west of Dunse, is an ancient place
under modern improvement, figures in the
song of 'Polwarth on the Greenland gives
the peerage title of baron to the family of
Hepburn - Scott. — The parish contains
Marchmont railway station, and its post
town is Dunse. It measures about 3 miles
by 2, and comprises 3013 acres. Real

property in 1880-81, £2812. Pop. 227.
About one-third of the land is hilly and
heathy, and the rest undulates gradually
to the east. Marchmont House is the
only mansion. The church stands within
Marchmont grounds, was built in 1703,
and succeeded an ancient one on the same
spot which gave concealment, in the per-
secuting times of Charles II., to the Pro-
testant statesman Sir Patrick Hume, who
eventually became Earl of Marchmont.
There are 2 schools with capacity for 91
scholars.

POMATHORN, railway station, 15 miles
south of Edinburgh.

POMONA, largest of the Orkney Islands.
It lies south-westward of the centre of
Orkney, but presents its south coast to
Scalpa Flow, and its west and north-west
coast to the Atlantic ; it measures 22 miles
from east to west, and 17^ from north to
south, but probably not more than 150
square miles in area ; it is deeply and
variously indented, especially in the east
and the south, by sea inlets ; it includes
on the south-east a section of about 9 by
9^ miles, connected with the rest by only
an isthmus of 2| miles ; and it presents a
surface of similar character and diversity
to that of the entire archipelago.

PONFEIGH, railway station, 2 miles
north-east of Douglas, Lanarkshire. A
coal-field of same name is adjacent.

PONIEL, burn and farm, with large
cairn, in Douglas parish, Lanarkshire.

POOL, village in Muckart parish, Perth-
shire.

POOLEWE, village and quoad sacra par-
ish on west coast of Ross-shire. The village
stands at head of Loch Ewe, 5 miles north-
north-east of Gairloch church, and 60^
west-by-north of Dingwall ; is a chief point
of communication across the Minch with
Outer Hebrides ; and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Ross-shire, an inn,
Established and Free churches, and a public
school with about 51 scholars. — The parish
measures about 20 miles by 12, and was
constituted by ecclesiastical authority in
1838, and re-constituted by civil authority
in 1851. Pop. 2217.

POOLTANTON. See Piltanton.

PORT, village in Barvas parish, Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 180.

PORT, Perthshire. See Monteith (Port
of).

PORT ALLAN, creek and landing place,
2-| miles east of Whithorn, "VVigtonshire.

PORT ALLEN, small harbour, 1J mile
south of Errol, Perthshire.

PORT APPIN, hamlet on Appin coast,
opposite north end of Lismore Island,
Argyleshire. It has a post office desig-
nated of Argyleshire, an inn, and a ferry.

PORT ASKAIG, seaport village on north-
east coast of Islay, opposite Jura, Argyle-
shire. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Greenock, and a good inn.

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374

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PORTA V AIDE, i^lace, with public school,
in Kilfinan parish, Argyleshire.

PORT BANNATYNE. See Kaimesbuegh.

PORT CHAISTEL, creek, overhung by
ruined old castle, in Tarbat parish, north-
east extremity of Ross-shire.

PORT CHARLOTTE, village on west
coast of Lochindaal, opposite Laggan Point,
in Islay Island, Argyleshire. It is entirely
modern, and has a post office under Green-
ock, an inn, and a distillery. Pop. 502.

PORT-CORKRIE, small bay, 5| miles
north-west of Mull of Galloway, Wigton-
shire.

PORT-CRINAN. See Ceinan.

PORT-CUMMING. See Cummingston.

PORT-DOWNIE, basin at west end of
Union Canal, in Falkirk parish, Stirling-
shire.

PORT - DUNDAS, northern suburb of
Glasgow. It stands on tabular hill-ridge,
around harbour of Forth and Clyde and
Monkland canals ; is chiefly a seat of
commerce and manufacture ; contains
large warehouses, large granaries, and
an Established church ; and presents the
curious appearance of lofty buildings and
lines of shipping on crown of steep ascent,
GO or 80 feet above adjacent levels. Pop.
4704.

PORT-EASY, or PORTEASSIE, fishing-
town, nearly 2 miles east of Buckie,
Banffshire. It has a Methodist chapel.
Pop. 1061.

PORT-EDGAR, small harbour, f mile
west of Queensferry, Linlithgowshire.

PORT - E6LINT0N, terminal basin of
Glasgow and Johnstone Canal, on south
side of Glasgow.

PORT-ELLEN, seaport village, 6 miles
north-east of Mull of Oa, in Islay Island,
Argyleshire. It is modern and well-built,
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, under Green-
ock, a- good harbour with lighthouse, a
neat inn, a large distillery, and a public
school with about 135 scholars. Pop. 974.

PORT-ELPHINSTONE, suburb of Inver-
ury, Aberdeenshire. It has a post office
under Inverury, and a public school with
about 147 scholars. Pop. 473.

PORT-ERROL, village in Cruden parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Ellon. Pop. 493.

PORTERSTOWN, place, with limeworks,
in Keir parish, Dumfriesshire.

PORT-GILL, bay, 8 miles south-south-
east of Portpatrick, Wigtonshire.

PORT-GLASGOW, town and parish on
north coast of Renfrewshire. The town
stands on the Clyde, 2f miles east-south-
east of Greenock ; occupies a belt of low
flat ground about 300 yards broad, im-
mediately overhung by hills from 561 to
794 feet high ; was founded in 1668 to
serve as the port of Glasgow ; sustained a
check to rapidly increasing importance by
the deepening of the river up to the city ;
comprises regularly-aligned, well-edificed
streets, around a capacious, costly, artificial

harbour ; is a royal burgh, uniting with
Dumbarton, Renfrew, Rutherglen, and
Kilmarnock in sending a member to Par-
liament ; and has a head post office with
all departments, a railway station, 3 bank-
ing offices, a weekly newspaper office, 3
hotels, a fine steepled town hall, water
supply so greatly enlarged in 1880 as to
give great facility for erection of public
works, 2 Established churches, 3 Free
churches, 2 United Presbyterian churches,
Episcopalian and Roman Catholic churches,
a public library, a new public school with
capacity for 700 scholars, and 7 other
schools with capacity for 1165. Real
property in 1880-81, £47,644. Pop.
13,224. — The parish excludes a western
part of the town, measures about 1% mile
by 1, and comprises 944 acres. Real pro-
perty of landward part in 1880-81, £712.
Pop. of the whole, quoad civilia, 10,912 ;
quoad sacra, 7556. The surface com-
prises prolongation of the low flat tract
contiguous to the Clyde, a rapid ascent
of green and wooded hill thence to the
middle, and a tabular tract thence to the
southern boundary. The chief object
outside of the town is Newark Castle.

PORT-GORDON, seaport village, 2£ miles
south-west of Buckie, Banffshire. It has
a post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, under Fochabers, a
banking office, and a tolerably good har-
bour. Pop. 732.

PORT-GOWER, fishing village, 2^ miles
south-west of Helmsdale, Sutherland.
It has an inn, a small harbour, and a
public school.

PORT HOPETOUN, terminal basin of
Union Canal, in west of Edinburgh.

PORTINCROSS, sea-cliff, 300 feet high,
and about a mile long, at north side of
entrance of Ayr Bay, Ayrshire. A ruined
but tolerably entire small fortalice of 13th
century stands at its base.

PORTINELLAN, place, about 2| miles
west of Callander, Perthshire. It is the
best starting-place for ascending Benledi.

PORTINLICK, ferry onKyle of Sutherland,
north-west of Bonar-Bridge, Sutherland.

PORTKALE, small bay, \\ mile north-
north-west of Portpatrick, Wigtonshire.

PORT-KINGSTON. See Kingston.

PORT-KNOCKIE. See Poetnockie.

PORTLETHEN, village and quoad sacra
parish in north-east of Kincardineshire.
The village stands on the coast, 8 miles
north-north-east of Stonehaven, and has a
railway station, a church with 460 sittings,
and a public school with about 234 scholars.
Pop. 298. — The parish was constituted
in 1856. Pop. 1610.

PORTLICH, village on coast of Kilmuir-
Easter parish, Ross-shire.

PORT-LOGAN, seaport village, 11 miles
south-south-east of Portpatrick, Wigton-
shire. It has a post office designated of
Wigtonshire, and a public school with
about 181 scholars.

PORTMAHOMACK, seaport village on

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Tarbatness, 11 miles east-north-east of
Tain, Ross-shire. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Eoss-shire, 2 inns, and a pier
420 feet long. Pop. 293.

PORMALUAG, landing-place on Lismore
Island, Argyleshire.

PORT-MARY, creek and seat, 6 miles
east of Kirkcudbright. The creek was
Queen Mary's place of embarkation on her
flight to England.

PORTMOAK, parish, containing Scotland-
well post office village and Kinriesswood
village, on east side of Kinross-shire. Its
length is 5 miles ; its greatest breadth 3§
miles ; its area 9957 acres. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £11,238. Pop. 1042. The
surface embraces more than half of the
shores of Loch Leven, rises thence to the
summit of "West Lomond Hill on the east,
and the summit of Benartie on the south,
makes some declension to the east, and
presents aggregately a rich and beautiful
diversity of feature. Coal, ironstone, and
limestone are worked. The churches are
Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian. A monument to the native poet
Michael Bruce is in the churchyard. The
public school was recently enlarged, and
has capacity for 160 scholars.

PORT MONTEITH. See Monteith
(Port op).

PORTMONTGOMERY, coast village of
17th century, now represented by Port-
patrick, Wigtonshire.

PORTMORE, bay, with good anchorage
for large vessels, on west side of Loch
Ryan, 7-| miles north-by-west of Stranraer,
Wigtonshire.

PORTMORE, seat in Eddlestone parish,
Peeblesshire.

PORTMOULIN, place near Corsewall
lighthouse, at north-western extremity of
Wigtonshire.

PORTMURRAY, small bay in northern
vicinity of Portpatrick, Wigtonshire.

PORTNACROISH, village on north horn
of Appin Bay, off east side of Loch Linnhe,
Argyleshire. It has an inn and an Epis-
copalian church.

PORTNACULTER (RIVER OF), Oikell
river and Dornoch Firth, forming boundary
between Sutherland and Ross-shire.

PORTNACURRACH, creek on south-west
coast of Iona Island, Argyleshire.

PORTNAFEAMIN, good harbour, with
quay, in Colonsay Island, Argyleshire.

PORTNAHAVEN, village and quoad
sacra parish in south-west of Islay Island,
Argyleshire. The village stands on the
coast adjacent to Rhinns Point and Over-
say lighthouse, and has a post office under
Greenock, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 56 scholars.
Pop. 361. — The parish was constituted
originally by ecclesiastical authority, and
reconstituted in 1849 by civil authority.
Pop. 860.

PORTNAMURLOCH, harbour on west
side of Lismore Island, Argyleshire.

PORTNAUGHAN, bay on west coast of
Kirkcolm parish, Wigtonshire.

PORTNELLAN, place on the Tummel,
between Loch Tummel and Tummel-
Bridge, Perthshire.

PORTNELLAN, place on left side of
upper part of Loch Katrine, Perth-
shire.

PORTNESSOCK, bay on west coast of
Kirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire.

PORTNOCKIE, fishing town, If mile
west-north-west of Cullen, Banffshire. It
has a chapel-of-ease, a Free church, and
a public school with about 120 scholars.
Pop. 1102.

PORTOBELLO, town and quoad sacra
parish on coast of Edinburghshire. The
town stands 3 miles east of Edinburgh,
occupies part of an extensive tract which
was all a furzy waste till second half of
last century ; took its name from a small
house erected there by a sailor who had
served at the capture of Porto-Bello in
South America under Admiral Vernon ;
was at first a small village, now represented
by a dingy portion at its north-west end ;
began about beginning of present century
to assume the character of a watering-
place and summer retreat for citizens of
Edinburgh ; rose gradually in estimation
till it had from 6000 to 8000 summer resi-
dents additional to its stated inhabitants ;
continued in 1882 to acquire increasing
popularity and increasing motives for
extension ; covered then a gently-sloping
site nearly a mile long, and about £ mile
broad ; consists chiefly of handsome streets
and numerous beautiful detached villas ;
ranks as a parliamentary burgh, uniting
with Leith and Musselburgh in sending a
member to Parliament ; commands de-
lightful views of the waters and screens of
the Firth of Forth ; adjoins at its south-east
end the village of Joppa ; and has a head
post office with all departments, a railway
station, tramway communication with.
Edinburgh, 3 banking offices, 3 chief
hotels, a weekly newspaper office, a very
fine bathing beach, a handsome marine
parade, a fine promenade pier 1250 feet
long, constructed in 1871 at a cost of about
£7000, a suite of hot and cold baths, a
roller-skating rink of 1876, a neat recent
town hall, used also as a mission church,
a double - towered parochial church pro-
jected in 1877, a steepled Free church of
that year erected at a cost of £9000,
a spired United Presbyterian church of
1880 built at a cost of £8500, another
United Presbyterian church of the same
year, reconstructed from an old church,
Congregational, Episcopalian, and Roman
Catholic churches, an ornamental cemetery
of 1876, and a public school of that year
erected at a cost of about £7000, and con-
taining accommodation for more than 600
scholars. Real property of the burgh in
1880-81, exclusive of railways and tram-
ways, £46,927. Pop. 6794.— The parish
consists chiefly of part of Duddingston,

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but includes small part of South Leith.
Pop. 4504.

PORT-OF-MONTEITH. See Monteith
(Port of).

PORTONKILL, small bay in Kirkmaiden
parish, Wigtonshire.

PORTOUR, harbour on north coast of
Durness, Sutherland.

PORTPATRICK, seaport village and
parish on west coast of "Wigtonshire.
The village stands at narrowest part of
North Channel, 6J miles by road, but 1\
by railway, south-west of Stranraer, and
unobstructedly opposite Donaghadee in
Ireland ; took its name from a foolish
legend about St. Patrick; possessed im-
portance for a time as the packet station
of Scotland and north of England to
Ireland; is ensconced on a small bay
within a deep natural amphitheatre ;
began in 1821 to get a grand artificial
harbour, carried on till 1843, and then
left off incomplete; lost its importance,
and began to decline, at establishment of
steam communication with Ireland by
more facile routes ; and now has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Wigtonshire,
a terminal railway station, Established
and Free churches, and a public school.
Pop. 586. — The parish measures 5f
miles by 4^, and comprises 9094 acres.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £6379. Pop.
1285. The entire coast is a series of
rocks and cliffs, rising abruptly or murally
from deep water, partly fissured and
cavernous, and partly attaining heights
of about 130 feet. The interior is ir-
regularly undulated, includes remarkably
small aggregate of level ground, and con-
sists largely of flat-topped hills. Chief
objects are Dunskey House, Dunskey
ruined castle, and two circular fortifica-
tions.

PORTPATRICK RAILWAY, railway, 62J
miles long, from junction with Castle-
Douglas and Dumfries Eailway at Castle-
Douglas, curvingly westward to a point
near Portpatrick village, with two short
branches to respectively Stranraer har-
bour and north pier of Portpatrick har-
bour. It was authorized in 1857 on a
capital of £460,000 in shares and £150,000
in loans ; and it is worked by the Cale-
donian.

PORTRACT, seat in Holywood parish,
Dumfriesshire.

PORTRAMSAY, village, with large well-
sheltered harbour, on west coast near
north-east end of Lismore Island, Argyle-
shire.

PORTREE, sea-loch, town, and parish
in Skye district, Inverness-shire. The
loch is on east coast of Skye Island, opens
from Raasay Sound, strikes about 1\ miles
westward, has grand cliffs guarding north
side of its entrance, is flanked and over-
hung by romantic mountains, and forms
an excellent land-locked natural harbour.
— The town stands on an eminence near

the loch's head, 30 miles west-by-north of
Strome Ferry, and 109 west of Inverness ;
got its name, signifying 'king's harbour,'
from a visit to it by James v. when making
a progress round the Hebrides ; ranks as
the capital of Skye and seat of sheriff
courts ; and has a head post office with
all departments, steam communication
southward, northward, and to Strome
Ferry station, 3 banking offices, 4 hotels,
some fine residences, Established, Free,
United Presbyterian, and Episcopalian
churches, and a public school with about
114 scholars. Pop. 858. — The parish
comprises a portion of Skye around the
town, and all Raasay, Fladda, and Rona
islands, and measures, inclusive of these
islands and the intersecting straits, about
20 miles by 12. Real property in 1880-81,
£7843. Pop. 3191. The section in Skye
Island measures 17f miles along the coast ;
extends from Loch Inord on the south to
a line 5§ miles beyond Portree on the
north ; has a mean breadth of not more
than about 3 miles ; presents to the sea
long ranges of stupendous romantic cliffs ;
includes some low tracts at heads of lochs
and bays ; and consists chiefly of lofty hills
and mountains, with an intersecting glen.
Chief, antiquities are two circular dunes,
and ruins of a Romish chapel.

PORTSBURGH, old suburb, once a burgh
of barony, west-south- west of Grassmarket,
Edinburgh.

PORTSEATON, seaport village adjacent
to east end of Cockenzie, Haddington-
shire. It had twelve salt-pans in former
part of 17th century ; it now shares in the
commerce and fisheries of Cockenzie ; and
it acquired in 1880 a new harbour at a cost
of £11,000.

PORTSKERRY, small bay and fishing
village at mouth of river Halladale, on
north coast of Sutherland, 15 miles west-
south-west of Thurso. Pop. 387.

PORT-SONNACHAN, hamlet on east side
of Loch Awe, 1\ miles south-west of Dal-
mally, Argyleshire. It has a hotel.

PORTSOY, seaport at terminus of branch
railway, 1\ miles west of Banff. It dates
from old times ; presents an irregular but
interesting appearance ; is notable for ex-
portation of beautiful quartz and very
ornamental serpentine, found in its vicin-
ity ; publishes a weekly newspaper ; was
designed in 1879 to have a public water
supply ; and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Banffshire, 2 banking offices, 2
hotels, a quoad sacra parochial church, Free,
United Presbyterian, Episcopalian, and
Roman Catholic churches, and a public
school of 1877 with accommodation for 430
scholars. Pop. of town, 2090 ; of quoad
sacra parish, 2312.

PORTUISGEN, creek on south coast of
Ross district, Mull Island, Argyleshire.

PORTVADIE, small bay on east side of
lower part of Loch Fyne, Argyleshire.

PORTVASGO, small bay and flag quarry

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377

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near Rabbit Island, in Kyle of Tongue,
Sutherland.

PORT-WHAPPLE, small bay in Sorbie
parish, "Wigtonshire.

PORT-WILLIAM, seaport village on east
side of Luce Bay, 7 miles west-north-west
of Whithorn, Wigtonshire. It was founded
in 1770 ; it presents a neat appearance ;
and it has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, designated of
Wigtonshire, a banking office, a well-
sheltered small harbour, Free and United
Presbyterian churches, and a public school
with about 157 scholars. Pop. 742.

PORT WYMS, village in neighbourhood
of Portnahaven, Islay Island, Argyleshire.

PORT YARROCK, small bay, 1J mile
north of Isle of Whithorn, Wigtonshire.

POSSIL PARK, suburb, If mile north-
north-west of Royal Exchange, Glasgow.
It covers the site of Possil House, the seat
of the late Sir Archibald Alison, Bart. ; it
is all quite recent ; it consists chiefly of
streets crossing one another at right angles ;
and it has a post office, with money order
department, under Glasgow, and a chapel-
of-ease. Pop. 4594.

POSSO, quondam large peel tower in
Manor parish, Peeblesshire.

POSSO (NEW). See Dawick.

POT, cascade , on Wamphray rivulet,
Dumfriesshire.

POT, burn, running to Cromarty Firth,
on boundary between Nigg and Logie-
Easter parishes, Eoss-shire.

POTARCH. See Bridge of Potarch.

POTENTO, seat in Meigle parish, Perth-
shire.

POTTECH, sea-loch on west coast of Isle
of Skye.

POUL-A-GHLOUP, large vertical cavity
and long natural tide-swept tunnel on
north coast of Durness, Sutherland.

POW, sluggish rivulet, going 1\ miles
north-eastward to the South Esk at 3^
miles east of Brechin, Forfarshire.

POW, sluggish rivulet, going about 11
miles south-westward to the Earn in
vicinity of Innerpeffray, Perthshire.

POW, sluggish rivulet, going about 8
miles mostly southward to Solway Firth
at 2f miles west of Annanfoot, Dumfries-
shire.

POW, sluggish rivulet, going 8 miles
eastward to the Forth at \\ mile east of
Airth village, Stirlingshire.

POW, sluggish rivulet, going about
15 miles round north skirt of Criffel, and
eastward thence to the Nith at 2 miles
east of Newabbey, Kirkcudbrightshire.

POW, each of numerous sluggish streams,
mostly short, on low flat lands, in many
parts of Scotland.

POWBATE, hill on east side of Eddie-
stone parish, Peeblesshire.

POWFOOT, small watering-place on
Solway Firth, 3^ miles west-south-west of
Annan, Dumfriesshire.

POWFOULIS, seat in Airth parish, Stir-
lingshire.

POWGAVIE, small seaport on north side
of Firth of Tay, 8 miles west-south- west
of Dundee.

POWIS, seat in vicinity of Old Aber-
deen.

POWMILLION, rivulet, running south-
eastward to the Avon, through and near
Strathaven town, Lanarkshire,

POWNESS, affluent of Ayr river, in
Muirkirk parish, Ayrshire.

POWRIE, ruined old castle in Murroes
parish, Forfarshire.

POWTRAIL, head-stream of the Clyde,
running about 9 miles north-north-eastward
to confluence with the Daer at 1\ miles
south of Elvanfoot, Lanarkshire.

POYNTZFIELD, seat and post office
in Resolis parish, Boss-shire. The post
office is under Invergordon.

PRECEPTOR Y, a seat of Lord Torphichen,
and interesting remains of chief seat of
Knights of St. John, in Torphichen parish,
Linlithgowshire .

PREMNAY, parish, containing Auchleven
post office village, in Garioch district,
Aberdeenshire. Its length is 4 miles ; its
greatest breadth 1\ miles ; its area 5431
acres. Beal property in 1880-81, £4444.
Pop. 930. The surface is bisected by
Gadie rivulet, includes part of Bennochie
Mountain, and consists elsewhere of slopes
and little hills. Chief residences are
Overhall and Licklyhead. The churches
are Established and Free, the former en-
larged in 1828, the latter erected in 1876.
The public school is new, and has capacity
for 120 scholars.

PRENDERGUEST, estate in Ay ton parish,
Berwickshire.

PRESHOLM, place, with Roman Catho-
lic church and bishop's residence, in
Ruthven parish, Banffshire.

PRESS, place, with quondam stage inn,
4|- miles north-west of Ayton, Berwick-
shire.

PRESSMENNAN, beautiful artificial lake,
in Stenton parish, Haddingtonshire.

PRESSTELLOCH, estate in Luss parish,
Dumbartonshire.

PRESTON, ancient parish, now part of
Bunkle, Berwickshire.

PRESTON, decayed village \ mile south-
west of Prestonpans, Haddingtonshire.
It contains an ancient pillar-cross, is near
a ruined ancient historical fortalice, and
gave the title of viscount, from 1631 till
1739, to the family of Graham.

PRESTON, suburb of East Linton, Had-
dingtonshire.

PRESTON, small village, 5 miles east-
south-east of Dalkeith, Edinburghshire.

PRESTON, hamlet, 3 miles south of
Kirkbean, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a
post office under Dumfries, and an ancient
cross.

PRESTON, islet in Firth of Forth, 2
miles north of Borrowstownness.

PRESTONFIELD, seat of Sir Robert K.
A. D. Cunyngham, Bart., in eastern vicin-
ity of Newington, Edinburgh.

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PRESTONGRANGE, estate adjacent to
south-west end of Prestonpans, Hadding-
tonshire. It belonged to the monks of
Newbattle ; brought them much wealth
from salt-making and coal- mining ; passed
to the baronet family of Suttie ; was sold
in 1875 to a company, that they might
work and export its minerals ; and has
now, at Morrison's Haven, a harbour, en-
larged and improved by them at a cost of
£10,000.

PRESTONHALL, seat near Preston vil-
lage. Edinburghshire.

PRESTONHALL, seat in Cupar parish,
Fife.

PRESTONHOLM, village in Cockpen
parish, Edinburghshire.

PRESTONKIRK, parish, containing East
Linton town and Preston suburb, in Had-
dingtonshire. It has a head post office
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments ; and it measures about 7 miles by
4, and comprises 7058 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £18,615. Pop. 1929.
The surface is bisected by the Tyne, in-
cludes Traprain-Law, and is elsewhere little
diversified. Chief seats are Smeaton,
Phantassie, and Beanston ; and the chief
antiquity is Hailes Castle. The churches
are Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian ; and there are 4 schools with
capacity for 351 scholars.

PRESTONMILL, hamlet in Kirkbean
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

PRESTONPANS, town and parish on
west coast of Haddingtonshire. The town
stands J mile north-north-west of railway
station of its own name, at 9^ miles east
of Edinburgh ; extends about a mile along
the shore ; was long famous for vast
manufacture of salt ; is now notable for
oysters obtained in vicinity of its quondam
salt-pans, and thence called Pandoor or
Pandore oysters ; consists chiefly of one
dingy crooked street, with grimy remains
of its salt-pans ; and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Haddingtonshire, a parochial
church of 1774, a Free church of 1878, and
a public school of 1881 erected at a cost
of £3000. Pop. 1610.— The parish con-
tains also Preston and Dolphinton villages
and Morrison's Haven. Its length is
fully 2-J miles ; its greatest breadth 1^
mile ; its area 1291 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £12,341. Pop. 2573. The
shore is low and sandy, but is faced
with low shattered reefs, and the
interior is mostly low and flat. Coal has
been worked from an early period, and
continues to be productive. Prestonpans
battlefield of 1745 lies partly within the
eastern border, and partly south-eastward
thence toward Tranent.

PRESTWICK, town and ancient parish
on coast of Kyle, Ayrshire. The town
stands 1\ miles north of Ayr, dates from
very early times, and has a post office,
with money order department, designated
of Ayrshire, an ancient market cross, a

steepled modern town hall, and a ruined
ancient church. Pop. 1064. — The parish
is now united to Monkton.

PRESTWICK (NEW), village, I mile south
of Prestwick, Ayrshire. Pop. 734.

PRIEST, island, 13 miles west-north-west
of Ullapool, Ross-shire.

PRIESTHAUGH, vale and ancient hill-
fort in upper part of Cavers parish, Rox-
burghshire.

PRIESTHILL, place, famous in history of
the Covenanters, about 3| miles north-east
of Muirkirk, Ayrshire. It contained the
domicile of the martyr John Brown, shot
by Claverhouse ; and it now contains a
monument to his memory.

PRIESTHOPE, glen in Innerleithen par-
ish, Peeblesshire.

PRIESTINCH, low precipitous hill, three-
fourths engirt by bog, and formerly crowned
with rude fortification, on south border of
Abercorn parish, Linlithgowshire.

PRIESTLAW, estate, with large, strong,
oval ancient camp, in south-east extremity
of Whittingham parish, Haddingtonshire.

PRIEST'S BURN, brook, running to
Lindores Loch, in north-east corner of
Fife. It flows in the greatest drought,
and never freezes in the keenest frost.

PRIEST'S CRAIG, rocky height, con-
tiguous to Loch Ard, in south-west corner
of Perthshire.

PRIEST'S CRAIG, fresh-water well and
rocky height onRathven coast, Banffshire.

PRIEST'S CROWN, place, where Roman
relics have been found, in Eckford parish,
Roxburghshire.

PRIEST'S ISLE, wooded islet, with re-
mains of priest's dwelling, in lower part
of Loch Awe, Argyleshire.

PRIEST'S ISLE, Ross-shire. See Priest.

PRIMSIDE, lake about a mile west of
Yetholm. Roxburghshire.

PRINCE CHARLES' CAVE, cave, 2 miles
north of mouth of Loch Portree, on east
coast of Isle of Skye. It gave shelter to
Prince Charles Edward in 1746, and it
displays beautiful stalactites.

PRINCE CHARLES' CAVE, cave near
middle of east side of Loch Scavaig, in
Isle of Skye. It gave shelter to Prince
Charles Edward in 1746.

PRINCE'S CAVE, cave near middle of
east coast of South Uist Island, Outer
Hebrides. It gave shelter to Prince Charles
Edward for some days in 1746.

PRINLAWS, suburb of Leslie, Fife. Pop.
1253.

PRINTFIELD, manufacturing village on
the Dee, near Aberdeen.

PRIOR-BANK, seat near Melrose, Rox-
burghshire.

PRIOSMHEALL, hill in Bracadale parish,
Isle of Skye.

PROAIG, small bay near middle of east
coast of Islay Island, Argyleshire.

PROCRIBE, burn in Muirkirk parish,
Ayrshire.

PROSEN, small river, running about 16
miles south-eastward to the South Esk at

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3 miles north-north-east of Kirriemuir, in
Forfarshire. The upper and middle parts
of its basin are the deep glen, called from
it Glenprosen, among the Benchinnan
Mountains.

PROSPECT HILL, part of Mount Florida
suburb in northern vicinity of Glasgow.

PROTRACT, seat on the Nith in vicinity
of Holywood village, Dumfriesshire.

PROTSTONHILL, place, with public
school, in Gamrie parish, Banffshire.

PROUDFOOT, promontory in Wick
parish, Caithness.

PROVANMILL, village, 2| miles north-
east of Glasgow.

PUBILL, place, with public school, in
Glenlyon, Perthshire.

PUDDLE, burn, running to the Tyne,
on west border of Haddingtonshire.

PULPIT-ROCK, recess, with excavation,
on rock-face, serving the purpose of a
church, on west side near head of Loch
Lomond.

PULROSSIE, estate in Dornoch parish,
Sutherland.

PULTENEYTOWN, modern extension
and main portion of Wick town, Caith-
ness. It stands on south bank of Wick
river, while Wick-proper and Louisburgh
stand on north bank. It is all regularly-
aligned and pleasant, while they are
irregularly-aligned and unpleasant ; it
includes the town's harbour, seat of
manufactures, and centre of trade ; and
while sharing the benefits of their public
buildings and institutions, it has within
itself a post office with money order
department under Wick, Established,
Free, and LTnited Presbyterian churches,
a large academy, and 2 large primary
public schools. Pop. 4884. See Wick.

PUMPHERSTON, quondam old castle in
Mid-Calder parish, Edinburghshire.

PURDOVAN, seat, 2| miles east of Lin-
lithgow.

PURVESHALL, seat in Eccles parish,
Berwickshire.

PYKE-STANE. See Hell's Cleugh.

PYKETHOWE, mountain on mutual
border of Dumfriesshire and Roxburgh-
shire, 8 miles north of Langholm.

QUAICH. _ See Queich.

QUAIR, rivulet, running about 7 miles
northward to the Tweed in vicinity of
Innerleithen, Peeblesshire. See Tba-

QUAIK.

QUANTERNESS, headland, with inte-
resting Picts' house, 2 miles north-west
of Kirkwall, Orkney.

QUARFF, ancient parish and modern
quoad sacra parish in south of Shetland.
The ancient parish extends across Mainland
from sea to sea, between Lerwick and
Dunrossness parishes ; gives name to two
bays, East and West, at its extremities ;
comprises a valley about 2 miles long and \
mile broad, flanked on both sides by pas-
toral hills ; and is now annexed to Bressay.

— The quoad sacra parish comprises Quarff-
proper and Burra, the latter consisting of
islands to the west ; was constituted by
ecclesiastical authority in 1833, and re-
constituted by civil authority at a later
date ; contains a post office of Burra
under Lerwick ; and has 2 parochial
churches, a United Presbyterian church,
and a Baptist chapel.

QUARREL, burn in Dollar parish,
Clackmannanshire.

QUARREL, knoll, said to have been a
place of Pictavian military games, in
Abernethy parish, Perthshire.

QUARRELTON, collier village in southern
vicinity of Johnstone, Renfrewshire. It has
a public school with about 215 scholars.

QUARRELWOOD, site of quondam
notable Reformed Presbyterian church,
in Kirkmahoe parish, Dumfriesshire.

QUARROLSHORE, village, now called
Carronshore, in Larbert parish, Stirling-
shire.

QUARRYHILL, huge mass of conglomer-
ate rock in western vicinity of Melrose,
Roxburghshire.

QUARRYPARK, place, with flagstone
quarries, in Rescobie parish, Forfar-
shire.

QUARRYWOOD, place, with very fine
durable sandstone quarries, in New Spynie
parish, Elginshire. It has a post office
under Elgin.

QUARTER, village, 3 miles south of
Hamilton, Lanarkshire. It adjoins ex-
tensive collieries, and has a post office under
Hamilton, extensive ironworks, a chapel-
of-ease, and a public school with about
200 scholars.

QUARTER, seat mile north-west of
Denny, Stirlingshire.

QUARTER, seat, in Broughton parish,
Peeblesshire.

QUARTER ROAD, railway station in
vicinity of Quarter village, Lanarkshire.

QUEENISH, small village in Mull Is-
land, Argyleshire.

QUEENSBERRY, mountain, culminating
at 15 miles north of Dumfries. It projects
from convergence of two ranges of Southern
Highlands ; presents a bold acclivitous
front overlooking all Southern Nithsdale
and Annandale ; has a summit altitude of
2285 feet above sea-level ; and gave to a
branch of the Douglas family the titles of
earl in 1633, marquis in 1682, and duke in
1684. These titles became extinct in the
direct line in 1810 ; and then those of earl
and marquis went to Sir Charles Douglas
of Kelhead, and that of duke went to the
Duke of Buccleuch.

QUEENSBERRY, or POWFOOT, small
watering - place in Cummertrees parish,
Dumfriesshire.

QUEENSFERRY, town and parish on
coast of Linlithgowshire. The town stands
at terminus of short branch railway, amid
charming environs, contiguous to con-
tracted part of Firth of Forth, 9 miles
west - north - west of Edinburgh ; got its

QUE

380

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name from being the place where Malcolm
Canmore's queen made numerous passages
between Edinburgh and Dunfermline ;
has always since her time, especially till
the railway epoch, been a main ferry
station on the Forth ; adjoins the site
which was selected for erection of the
stupendous Forth railway bridge ; ranks
as a royal burgh, uniting with Inverkeith-
ing, Dunfermline, Culross, and Stirling in
sending a member to Parliament ; presents
an uninviting appearance, yet serves as a
quiet watering-place ; and has a head post
office with money order and telegraph
departments, a railway station, a banking
office, a town hall with ancient steeple,
remains of a Carmelite friary, Established
and United Presbyterian churches, and a
public school with about 200 scholars.
Real property in 1880-81, £4642. Pop.
1676. — The parish excludes part of the
town, and comprises only 11 acres. Pop.
1064.

QUEENSFERRY (NORTH), village on
Fife coast of Firth of Forth, directly
opposite Queensferry, and 2 miles south
of Inverkeithing. It is the ferry station
for the passage from Queensferry ; it
adjoins the site selected for north end of
Forth railway bridge ; and it has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Fife, good ferry
piers, fragments of a castle of James iv.'s
time and of a dismantled fort of 1779, a
quoad sacra parochial church, and a Free
church evolved from a mission station in
1880. Pop. of village, 360; of quoad
sacra parish, 416.

QUEENSHILL, estate in Tongland par-
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

QUEENSIDE, lake in Lochwinnoch par-
ish, Renfrewshire.

QUEEN'S PARK, royal demesne contigu-
ous to east side of Edinburgh. It extends
eastward, south-eastward, and southward
from Holyrood Palace ; measures nearly 5
miles in circuit ; comprehends Arthur's
Seat, Salisbury Crag, part of St. Leonard's
Hill, and a rich diversity of plain, slope,
and ravine around them ; was long a
natural forest ; underwent enclosure in
time of James V. , rich ornamentation to-
ward time of Queen Mary, and great
desolation in time of Cromwell ; passed
afterwards from the crown into such
common uses as reduced much of its low-
lying parts to a state of morass ; was
repurchased by the crown in 1844 for
£30,674 ; was then for a number of years
raised to a condition of much embellish-
ment, and acquired then a grand circular
drive in winding line around its border,
commanding splendid views, and open to
the public.

QUEEN'S PARK, public park and suburb
adjacent to Crossbill, in southern outskirts
of Glasgow. The park comprises about
100 acres, is beautifully laid out, rises
gently to a central roundish summit, and
commands there a rich, extensive view.

— The suburb includes portions bearing
other names, and contains three churches,
Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian. Pop. 4781.

QUEEN'S SEAT, peak of Carberry Hill,
3 miles south-east of Musselburgh, Edin-
burghshire.

QUEEN'S SEAT, rock on top of Cathkin
Hill, 3j miles south-east of Glasgow.
m QUEEN'S VIEW, commanding spot on east
side of pass of Killiecrankie, Perthshire.

QUENDAL, bay and seat in Dunrossness
parish, Shetland.

QUIECH, rivulet and lake describing
segment of circle about 7 miles long to
head of Glengarry, on north-west border
of Inverness-shire.

QUIECH, rivulet, descending about 6
miles with great curve from Cairngorm
mountain Benaven to the Dee, a little
west of Castleton-Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Part of it is a powerful cataract over a
series of precipitous ledges.

QUIECH, rivulet, running about 6 miles
in semi-circular line to Loch Fraochy, and
through that to the river Bran, at about
10 miles west-south-west of Dunkeld,
Perthshire.

QUIECH, two rivulets, north and south,
running about 6 miles eastward from the
Ochil Hills to Loch Leven, the latter at
Kinross town, the former at about 1^ mile
to the north.

QUIEN, lake on mutual border of Rothe-
say and Kingarth parishes, Isle of Bute.

QUINAG, precipitous pinnacled moun-
tain ridge, with summit 2240 feet high, on
north side of Loch Assynt, west of Suther-
land.

QUINZIE, hill burn in Kilsyth parish,
Stirlingshire.

QUIRAING, wild, romantic, elliptical
hollow on summit of rugged, precipitous,
basaltic mountain, 1\ miles west of Stein-
scholl, in Isle of Skye. It is entered by
a steep narrow passage, overhung by
pyramidal rock about 120 feet high ; it
measures about 300 feet by 180 ; it is en-
girt by mural rocks in separate pieces,
chiefly with columnar and pyramidal
forms ; and it commands through the
clefts among the pieces very striking views
southward in Skye, and eastward, to the
mountains of Ross and Sutherland.

QUIVOX (ST.), parish, containing
"Wallacetown and Content sections of Ayr,
and post office village of "Whitletts, in
Ayrshire. Its length is 5 miles ; its
greatest breadth 3 miles ; its area 4876
acres. Real property of landward j)art in
1879-80, £13,151. Pop., quoad civilia,
7352 ; quoad sacra, 1429. The river
Ayr traces all the northern boundary.
The land in the west and centre is low and
level ; in the east is somewhat tumulated ;
and everywhere, except under buildings
or wood, is arable. Coal and excellent
sandstone abound and are worked. Chief
seats are Auchincruive and Craigie. The
parochial church stands about 3 miles from

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the town, and a quoad sacra parochial
church and seven other places of worship
are in Wallacetown. Two public schools
with each about 110 scholars are in the
landward part, and others are in Wallace-
town.

QUOICH. See Quiech.

QUOTHQUAN, village, hill, and ancient
parish in upper ward of Lanarkshire. The
village stands 1J mile east of Thankerton,
has a public school, and had a strong
baronial fortalice, which was destroyed
by the Regent Moray after the battle of
Langside. — The hill rises a little south
of the village, attains a height of about
600 feet above the level of adjacent reach
of the Clyde, is verdant to the summit,
and has there a large unhewn stone, called
"Wallace's Chair, and said to have been
the council-seat of Sir William Wallace
with his followers on eve of the battle
of Biggar. — The parish was annexed in
1660 to Libberton.

QUOYAFIRTH, sea-loch on east coast of
Northmaven parish, Shetland.

QUOYHOUSE, branch of Cliff sea-loch in
Unst Island, Shetland.

QUOYLOO, place in Sandwick parish,
Orkney. It has a post office under Strom-
ness.

QUYTEFIELD, ancient chapelry in In-
verkeilor parish, Forfarshire. Its bury-
ing-ground and remains of its chapel still
exist.

RAASAY, sound and' island in Skye dis-
trict, Inverness-shire. The sound separates
the island from Isle of Skye ; extends
northward from mouth of Loch Sligachan
in Isle of Skye ; projects from its west
side Loch Portree ; and measures 14 miles
in length, and from 1 mile to 4 miles in
width. — The island flanks all the sound's
east side ; has mostly a breadth of about
2 miles ; consists chiefly of a hill-ridge,
rising in many parts to heights of about
1000 feet, and in one part to a height
of 1500 feet ; is mostly moorish, but in-
cludes arable lands, coppices, and some
grand cliffs ; and contains a post office
under Portree, the fine modern mansion
of Raasay House, the dilapidated masses
of Brochel Castle, and a Free church.
Pop. 458.

RAASAY, small island in Glenelg parish,
Inverness-shire.

RABBIT ISLANDS, three islets in Kyle
of Tongue, Sutherland.

RACHAN, mansion, two fine lakelets,
and an isolated green hill, on north
border of Glenholm parish, Peebles-
shire.

RACHANMILL, place near Rachan man-
sion, Peeblesshire, 5 miles south-east of
Biggar. It has a post office under
Biggar.

RACKS, railway station, 3f miles south-
east of Dumfries.

RACKWICK, place, with fibrous gypsum,
in Sandwick parish, Orkney.

RADDER, remains of strong old fortalice
on north side of Iveiss Bay, Caithness.

RADERNIE, village and limestone quarry
in Cameron parish, Fife.

RAE, lake in Kinloch parish, Perthshire.

RAEBERRY, quondam strong castle on
crown of terrific coast precipice, 5 miles
south-by-east of Kirkcudbright.

RAEBURNFOOT, farm, with traces of
Roman camp, in Gretna parish, Dumfries-
shire.

RAEBURNFOOT, hamlet adjacent to
Saxon camp, in Eskdalemuir parish, Dum-
friesshire.

RAECLEUGH, upland tract in Moffat
parish, but within southern border of
Lanarkshire.

RAECLEUGH, farm, with remains of
Roman camp, in Westruther parish, Ber-
wickshire.

RAECLEUGHHEAD, place, with remains
of two ancient military stations, in Lang-
ton parish, Berwickshire.

RAE DIKE, old earthen fence along
north-western boundary of Garvock parish,
and probably around ancient Garvock
forest, in Kincardineshire. Many traces
of it still exist.

RAEHILLS, seat of Johnstone of Annan-
dale on Kinnel river, 13 miles north-east
of Dumfries.

RAEMOIR, estate including part of
Hill of Fare, in Banchory-Ternan parish,
Kincardineshire.

RAEMORE, detached section of Caputh
parish, surrounded by Clunie, in Perthshire.

RAES, ravine and limeworks in Carluke
parish, Lanarkshire.

RAFFLES, old peel tower in Mouswald
parish, Dumfriesshire.

RAFFORD, village and parish in west of
Elginshire. The village stands3miles south-
east of Forres, and has a post office under
Forres, Established and Free churches,
and 2 public schools with about 141 scholars.
— The parish measures about 8 miles by 5,
and comprises 12,456 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £6786. Pop. 1052. The
northern section is low, flat, and fertile ;
the central section is undulated arable
land, diversified by moors and lakes ; and
the southern section is rough, rocky,
moorish upland. The seats are Altyre,
Blervie, and Burgie ; and the chief
antiquities are Sweno's Stone or Forres
Pillar, a similar sculptured obelisk at
Altyre, and Burgie Castle. There are. 3
schools for 171 scholars, and 1 of them for
30 is new.

RAIGMORE, seat in Inverness parish,
Inverness-shire.

RAILSBURGH, headland in Nesting par-
ish, Shetland.

RAINBERG, hill, 1495 feet high, near
middle of west side of Jura Island,
Argyleshire.

RAINNIESHILLS, estate in New Machar
parish, Aberdeenshire.

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382

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RAISS, ruined castle on Levern rivulet,
miles south-east of Paisley, Renfrew-
shire.

RAIT, village in Kilspindie parish, Perth-
shire. It has a post office under Errol.

RAIT, ruined ancient castle of the
Oomyns, on east side of Nairn river, 2
miles south of Nairn.

RAITH, estate with mansion, 1J mile
west of centre of Kirkcaldy, Fife. It be-
longed to the ancestors of the Earl of
Leven, and gives him the peerage title of
baron. The grounds around the mansion
contain the site of a residence of the
abbots of Dunfermline, are extensive and
ornate, and have a beautiful lake 2\ miles
in circuit, and a lofty tower surmounting
a hill and commanding a magnificent
view.

RAITS, burn, running to the Spey, in
Alvie parish, Inverness-shire. A cavern,
once a stronghold of bandits, is adjacent to
it.

RALIA, hamlet in Kingussie parish,
Inverness-shire.

RALSTON, seat in Abbey-Paisley parish,
Renfrewshire.

R ALSTON-NEWTON. See Newton-
Ralston.

RAMMERS CALES, seat in Dalton parish,
Dumfriesshire.

RAMNA, group of very high, tower-like,
insulated rocks near northern extremity
of Northmaven parish, Shetland.

RAMORE, part of the highest of the
three land ledges in Eddertoun parish,
Ross-shire.

RAMORNIE, seat in vicinity of Lady-
bank, Fife.

RAMPHORLIE. See Ranfurly.

RAMSAY. See Port Ramsay.

RAMSAYCLEUGH, place, 18 miles from
Selkirk. It has a post office under Selkirk.

RAMSNESS, headland in south of Fetlar
Island, Shetland.

RANDERSTONE, seat and headland 7
miles south-east of St. Andrews, Fife.

RANDIEFORD, place among the Lennox
Hills, 9 miles south-west of Stirling.

RANDOLPH BRIDGE, picturesque spot
on Findhorn river, 7 miles south-south-
west of Forres, Elginshire.

RANDOLPH FIELD, place, with stand-
ing-stones, memorials of battle of Ban-
nockburn, in southern outskirts of Stir-
ling.

RANDOLPH HILL, place on Carron
river, in Denny parish, Stirlingshire.

RANFURLY, ruined baronial castle of
Knox family, If mile north-north-west
of Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire. It gives
the titles of baron and earl to the Irish
branch of the Knoxes ; and it is notable
as having belonged to the ancestors of
the Reformer John Knox.

RANGAY, lake and remains of ancient
fortification in Latheron parish, Caithness.

RANGE, strong circular ancient camp
on hill with commanding view of Annan-
dale, in Dalton parish, Dumfriesshire.

RANKEILOUR, seat in Monimail parish,
Fife.

RANKINSTON, village in Coylton par-
ish, Ayrshire. It has a post office, with
money order department, under Ayr.
Pop. 954.

RANKLE, burn, running about 8 miles
deviously northward, along a very secluded
glen, to Ettrick river, at 3f miles north-
north-east of Ettrick hamlet, Selkirkshire.

RANNACHIE, moor, 2 miles south of
Buckie, Banffshire. It appears to have
been the scene of the hottest part of
great battle between the Scotch and the
Danes in 960.

RANNES, seat in Kennethmont parish,
Aberdeenshire.

RANNOCH, lake in Perthshire and dis-
trict partly also in Argyleshire. The lake
discharges Tummel river at Kinloch-
Rannoch village, 21 miles west of Pit-
lochrie ; extends thence westward about
10 miles, with mean breadth of about 7
furlongs ; is nearly overhung at east side
of its foot by Schichallion, and flanked
along both sides by ranges of lofty hill
and mountain ; contains, near its head,
an artificial islet, once used as an asylum
and a prison; and commands, from its
surface, a clear view far westward to the
mountain-peaks of Glencoe. Birch cop-
pices and cultivated spots fleck its north
flank ; a pine forest covers all the lower
half of its south flank ; Dall mansion is
on its south shore, 4J miles from the foot ;
and Rannoch Lodge, a seat of Sir Robert
Menzies, Bart., is at its head. — The dis-
trict commences at some distance east
of the lake's foot ; extends about 28 miles
westward, with mean breadth of about
12 miles ; possesses considerable amenity
along its centre to a brief distance from
the lake's head ; forms thence a dismal
moor, the largest and most hideous in
Scotland ; and there includes repulsive
pools, black morasses, and the sinuous,
unsightly Loch Lydoch, within a gap
between south-west end of Central Gram-
pians and north end of the great moun-
tain-range going southward to Firth of
Clyde.

RANNOCH BRIDGE. See Randolph
Bridge.

RANZA. See Loch Ranza.

RAPLOCH, village within Stirling burgh,
overhung by the castle, at £ mile west-
north-west of Stirling bridge. It has a
public school with about 39 scholars.

RAPLOCH, seat, braes, and colliery in
Dalserf parish, Lanarkshire.

RAPNESS, headland and small bay in
south-east of Westrav Island, Orkney.

RARICHIE (EASTER and WESTER),
places with respectively vestige of ancient
fort and copious medicinal spring, in Nigg
parish, Ross-shire.

RARNISH, village in Lochs parish,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 419.

RASAY, stream, running 5 miles south-
south-eastward from Loch Garve to Conan

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RAV

river at 6 miles south-west of Dingwall,
Ross-shire. It makes a cascade somewhat
similar to the Falls of Tivoli in Italy.

RASAY, Inverness-shire. See Raasay.

RASHELIE, prime sandstone quarry in
Inchinnan parish, Renfrewshire.

RATHEN, rivulet and parish near north-
east extremity of Aberdeenshire. The
rivulet runs about 9 miles eastward and
north-eastward to the sea at 2 miles south-
east of Fraserburgh. — The parish is partly
traversed, partly bounded by the rivulet ;
has a railway station 2§ miles south-south-
east of Fraserburgh ; and contains the
villages of Cairnbulg, Inverallochy, and
Charleston. Its length is about 7 miles ;
its greatest breadth about 4 miles ; its
area 9587 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£10,048. Pop., quoad civilia, 2825;
quoad sacra, 1248. The coast has an
extent of 2f miles, includes Cairnbulg
Point, and is partly flat and sandy, partly
low and rocky. The interior comprises
much low good land, and includes part of
Mormond Hill. Limestone abounds, and
is worked. Chief seats are Memsey and
Mormond ; and chief antiquities are a
Caledonian stone circle, a large cairn, and
the ruins of Cairnbulg and Inverallochy
castles. The churches are 2 Established
and 1 Free. There are 2 public schools
with about 443 scholars.

RATHILLET, estate, with mansion, hill,
and United Presbyterian church, in Kil-
many parish, Fife.

RATH M ORE AL, ancient parish, now
divided between Kennethmont and Insch,
Aberdeenshire.

RATHO, village and parish in north-west
of Edinburghshire. The village stands
about a mile south of railway station of
its own name, 8J miles west-by-south of
Edinburgh ; was long a place of consider-
able importance ; decayed, and underwent
revival ; presents now a modern pleasant
appearance ; and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Mid-Lothian, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 104 scholars. Pop. 713. — The parish
contains also Bonnington village, measures
5^- miles by 3J, and comprises 6147 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £20,321. Pop.
1815. The north-eastern section is
flattish, but slightly undulating ; the
south-eastern section runs up to the iso-
lated, rocky, picturesque summits of
Dalmahoy and Kaimes ; and the western
section is a tumulated low plateau. Chief
seats are Dalmahoy, Ratho, Hatton, Bon-
nington, Norton, Ashley, and Millburn
Tower ; and chief antiquities are two
camps. There are 3 schools with capacity
for 365 scholars.

RATHVEN, village and parish on coast
of Banffshire. The village stands 1J mile
north-east of Buckie, and contains the
parochial church with 1000 sittings, and
a public school with about 105 scholars. —
The parish contains also the post town of

Buckie, the town of Portnockie, the vil-
lages of Port-Gordon, Porteasie, Findochtie,
and New Tannachie, and part of the burgh
of Cullen. Its length is 10 miles ; its
greatest breadth 5 miles ; its area 23,165
acres. Real property, exclusive of Cullen
portion, in 1880-81, £26,791. Pop. of the
whole, quoad civilia, 10,931 ; quoad sacra,
4492. The surface comprises some good
low ground on the coast, but is elsewhere
a congeries of hills, and includes a con-
spicuous summit 945 feet high. Limestone,
sandstone, and slate abound, and are
worked. Perennial springs are plenti-
ful, and three of them are medicinal.
Chief seats are Letterfourie, Cairnfield,
Burnside, Tannachie, Presholm, and
Buckie Lodge ; and chief antiquities are
numerous cairns, portions of several Cale-
donian stone circles, ruins of two old
castles, and remains of an old mansion and
an old chapel. The churches are 3 Estab-
lished, 2 Free, 2 United Presbyterian, 2
Episcopalian, and 2 Roman Catholic. There
are 10 schools for 1969 scholars, and 5 of
them for 420 are new.

RATSHILL, tufaceous eminence near
Broughton village, Peeblesshire,

RATTACHAN. See Maam-Rattachan.

RATTER, seat on coast of Dunnet par-
ish, and burn running north-north-west-
ward to the sea near that seat, in
Caithness.

RATTRAY, two suburbs and a parish
in north-east of Perthshire. The suburbs
are New Rattray and Old Rattray ; they
stand nearly contiguous to each other,
on left bank of Ericht river, opposite
Blairgowrie ; they are, as to both position
and social interests, suburban to that
town ; each has a post office under it,
that of New Rattray with money order
department ; and they contain a number
of factories, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and a large public
school. Pop. 2533. — The parish con-
sists of a main body measuring about 5J
miles by 2 J, and a detached district lying 3§
miles to the north-north- west and measur-
ing 1J mile by 1 ; and it comprises 5382
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £13,005.
Pop., quoad civilia, 3051. The main body is
flat in the south, ascends thence gradually
to the north, and exhibits picturesque
f eatures along the Ericht ; and the detached
section lies wholly among the frontier
Grampians. The chief seat is Craighall ;
and the chief antiquities are part of a
Caledonian stone circle and vestiges . of a
large ancient castle. There are two
schools with capacity for 333 scholars.

RATTRAY, low dangerous promontory,
fishing village, mansion, and hamlet
representing extinct town, in Crimond
parish, Aberdeenshire.

RAVELRIG, hill with remains of Roman
station in Currie parish, Edinburgh-
shire.

RAVELSTON, seat at east base of
Corstorphine Hill, Edinburghshire.

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RAVENSBY, suburb or section of
Carnoustie, Forfarshire.

RAVENS CRAIG, ruined fine old baronial
castle on the Ugie, near Peterhead,
Aberdeenshire.

RAVENSCRAIG, ruined ancient castle,
long the seat of ancestors of Earl of
Rosslyn, on sea-cliff ^ mile west of Dysart,
Fife.

RAVENSCRAIG, railway station between
Greenock and Innerkip, Renfrewshire.

RAVENSHALL, reach of romantic
coast, with curious caves and old tower,
believed to have furnished Sir Walter
Scott with the scenery around ' Elian -
gowan,' in his Guy Manner ing, averagely
3 miles south-south-east of Creetown,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

RAVENSHAUGH, burn, running to
Firth of Forth on boundary between
Edinburghshire and Haddingtonshire.

RAVENSHEUGH, coast crag, 4J miles
north-west of Dunbar, Haddingtonshire.

RAVENSNOOK, remains of old castle
f mile south of Penicuick, Edinburgh-
shire.

RAVENSTONE, old castellated mansion
3£ miles north-west of Whithorn, Wigton-
shire.

RAVENSTRUTHER, village about a
mile north-west of Carstairs Junction,
Lanarkshire. It has a post office under
Lanark.

RAVENSWOOD, seat on the Tweed, 2£
miles east of Melrose, Roxburghshire.

RAW, mineral field in Old Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire.

RAWHEAD, farm, with site of very large
sepulchral cairn, in East Kilbride parish,
Lanarkshire.

RAWYARDS, suburb of Airdrie, Lanark-
shire. It has a railway station.

RAYNE, village and parish on north
border of Garioch district, Aberdeenshire.
The village stands on the Ury 9 miles
north-west of Inverury, bears the name of
Old Rayne, was anciently a residence of
the bishops oi Aberdeen, and has a post
office under Insch, a parochial church
with 700 sittings, and a public school with
about 80 scholars. — The parish contains
also Meiklewarthill village, measures
about 2>\ miles in both length and
breadth, and comprises 7885 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £9042. Pop. 1284.
The surface is mostly undulated, but in-
cludes Rothmaise hill and a long tract of
bog. The seats are Freefield, Rothmaise,
and Warthill ; and the antiquities are two
Caledonian stone circles and some cairns.
A Free church bears the name of Rayne,
but stands within Fyvie. There are 2
schools with capacity for 270 scholars,
and both are new.

REARCHAR, hill-ridge in Dornoch par-
ish, Sutherland.

REAWICK, headland, seat, and Congre-
gational church, in Sanclsting parish,
Shetland.

REAY, village on north-west coast of

Caithness, and parish partly also in north-
east of Sutherland. The village stands 12
miles west-south-west of Thurso, gives the
peerage title of baron to the family of
Mackay, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Thurso, an inn, an old cross, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 113 scholars. — The parish con-
tains also Melvich village, measures about
18 miles by 9, and is bisected southward by
a line of watershed forming the boundary
between its Caithness and its Sutherland
portions. Real property in 1880 - 81,
£7620 and £2801. Pop. 1197 and 994.
The coast has an extent of 10J miles, and
is partly bold, rocky, and cavernous. The
interior of the Caithness section is low
adjacent to the coast, but hilly and
mountainous thence to the southern
boundary ; and that of the Sutherland
section consists wholly of the valley and
upland screens of Strathhalladale. The
seats are Bighouse, Sandside, and Isald ;
and the antiquities are remains of several
circular towers, walls of a very large fort,
ruins of two Romish chapels, and site of
ancient village of Old Reay. There are
5 schools for 475 scholars, and 2 of them
and enlargements for 238 are new.

REAY'S COUNTRY (LORD), district
comprehending Tongue, Durness, and
Edderachyllis parishes, in north - west of
Sutherland.

RED ABBEY STEAD, site of ancient
monastery contiguous to Newstead, about
a mile east of Melrose, Roxburghshire.

RED - BEARD'S, medicinal spring in
Durris parish, Kincardineshire.

REDBRAES, quondam noble seat in
Polwarth parish, Berwickshire.

RED BURN, brook, traversing bleak
ravine northward to Bonny rivulet at
boundary between Dumbartonshire and
Stirlingshire. An eight - arched railway
viaduct crosses the ravine in vicinity of
Castlecary.

RED BURN, brook, running to left side
of the Clyde, a little below Bothwell-
Bridge, Lanarkshire.

RED BURN, brook, running on boundary
between Kilwinning and Irvine parishes,
Ayrshire.

RED BURN, brook, running to the
Lossie, in Dallas parish, Elginshire.

RED BURN, stream, running to TJig
Bay, in Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

RED CASTLE, modernized old seat, once
a royal castle, in Killearnan parish, Ross-
shire.

RED CASTLE, ruined old structure,
believed to have been a royal hunting-
seat, on an eminence at south side of
Lunan Bay, east coast of Forfarshire.

REDCOLL, seat in Gladsmuir parish,
Haddingtonshire.

REDCRAIG, mountain in Port-of-Mon-
teith parish, Perthshire.

REDCRAIG, sandstone cliff and quarry
near Stonehaven, Kincardineshire.

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REL

REDCRAIGS, place, with trap -rock
quarries, 3 miles north of Dunfermline,
Fife.

REDDANCE, place in Dairy parish,
Ayrshire. It has a public school with
about 106 scholars.

REDDEN, burn and hamlet in Sprouston
parish, Roxburghshire. The hamlet re-
presents an ancient town, and both that
and the burn figured in old Border
history.

REDDING, village, 2| miles east-south-
east of Falkirk, Stirlingshire. It stands
in the centre of a rich coal-field, and has
a post office under Polmont Station. Pop.
520.

REDGILL, chalybeate spring in Alvah
parish, Banffshire.

REDGORTON, parish, comprising penin-
sula between the Tay and the Almond,
and detached district 3j miles to the north-
west, in Perthshire. It has a post office
of its own name under Perth, and contains
the villages of Pitcairngreen, Luncarty,
Cromwellpark, and Bridgeton, and part of
Stanley. It measures 4| miles by 4-£ in
its main body, and 3J miles by f in its
detached district, and comprises 6007 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £9183. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1452; quoad sacra, 1100.
The main body is undulating, fertile, and
beautiful ; and the detached district is
upland and mostly pastoral. Chief ob-
jects of interest are extensive factories,
vestiges of a Caledonian camp, the battle-
field of Luncarty, and the site of the
Roman Bertha. The churches are 2 Estab-
lished, 3 Free, and 1 United Presbyterian ;
and there are 2 public schools.

REDHALL, seat and quondam strong
castle, besieged by Cromwell, in Colinton
parish, Edinburghshire.

REDHALL, quondam notable baronial
castle on Kirtle rivulet, in Kirkpatrick-
Fleming parish, Dumfriesshire.

REDHALL, seat in Fordoun parish,
Kincardineshire.

REDHEAD, farm, with remains of ancient
castle on Caddon rivulet, in north-east of
Selkirkshire.

REDHEAD, bold headland on south side
of Lunan Bay, east coast of Forfarshire.

REDHEAD, high promontory at northern
extremity of Eday Island, Orkney.

REDHEUGH, place, with interesting
coast scenery, 3^ miles east-by-south of
Cockburnspath, Berwickshire.

REDHEUGH, seat on Hermitage rivulet,
in Castleton parish, Roxburghshire.

REDHILL, hill-range flanking south side
of middle part of Alford valley, Aberdeen-
shire.

REDHOLM, islet adjacent to Eday,
Orkney.

REDHOUSE, estate, with ruined old
castellated mansion, on south border of
Aberlady parish, Haddingtonshire.

REDHYTH, headland, mile north-west
of Portsoy, Banffshire.

REDKIRK, small headland and site of

ancient church on Solway Firth, 6| miles
east of Annan, Dumfriesshire.

REDLANDS, farm, with site of ancient
nunnery, in Olrig parish, Caithness.

RED LOCH, small lake in Rothesay par-
ish, Isle of Bute.

RED MOSS, bog in Kilsyth parish,
Stirlingshire.

REDMYRE, estate and public school, the
latter with about 113 scholars, in Laurence-
kirk parish, Kincardineshire.

REDMYRE, lake in north-east of Cam-
busnethan parish, Lanarkshire.

REDNOCK, seat in Port-of-Monteith
parish, Perthshire.

REDPATH, village in Earlston parish,
Berwickshire.

REDPATRICK. See Redkirk.

RED ROCKS, shattered romantic rocks,
associated with dismal old traditions,
about a mile north-east of Dysart, on
south coast of Fife.

REDROW, village in Newton parish,
Edinburghshire.

REDROW, village adjacent to Dunlop
Place, in Dalserf parish, Lanarkshire.

REDSLIE, site of ancient castle in de-
tached part of Lauder parish, Berwickshire.

RED SWIRE, skirmish-field of 1575 on
part of Carter Fell, on boundary between
Scotland and England, 10 miles south of
Jedburgh. The skirmish is detailed in
an old ballad preserved in the Border
Minstrelsy.

RED WELL, medicinal spring in Boyndie
parish, Banffshire.

REDWELLS, hill, crowned with con-
spicuous tower of 1812, immediately north
of Kinglassie village, Fife.

REDWELLS, estate, with site of strong,
large ancient building, in Crail parish, Fife.

REE, island in Kilmartin parish, Ar-
gyleshire.

REEF, plain, believed to have been
formerly covered by the sea, in middle
of Tyree Island, Argyleshire.

REEKIE LINN, broken cascade of about
75 feet in aggregate fall on Isla river,
2J miles north-west of Airlie Castle, on
west border of Forfarshire.

REELICK, seat in Kirkhill parish, In-
verness-shire.

REFIRTH, bay on east coast of Yell
Island, Shetland.

REGLAND, small lake in Dairy parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

REICHIP, romantic dell, with mansion,
about 4 miles north-east of Dunkeld,
Perthshire.

REIDIE, farm, with remains of Roman
road, in Airlie parish, Forfarshire.

REILIG-ORAIN, famous cemetery, with
multitude of ancient monuments, in Iona
Island, Argyleshire.

REISS, townland on Sinclair Bay in
Wick parish, Caithness. It has a post
office under Wick.

REIVING-CRAIG, hill in Bathgate parish,
Linlithgowshire.

RELUGAS, estate, post office under
2b

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386

REN

Forres, mansion, and picturesque grounds
in Edenkillie parish, Elginshire.

KENDALL, ancient parish, averagely
about 5 miles north-north-west of Kirk-
wall, in Orkney. It is now annexed to
Evie, and it has a post office designated
of Orkney, and a chapel-of-ease.

RENFIELD, estate, now called Blyths-
wood, on the Clyde and the Cart adjacent
to Renfrew.

RENFREW, town and parish in upper
ward of Renfrewshire. The town stands
about \ mile south of the Clyde and 6
miles west of Glasgow ; dates from at
least the time of David I., and was made
a royal burgh in 1396 ; presents an anti-
quated appearance, but now includes a
small modern suburb contiguous to the
river ; gives the title of baron to the
Prince of Wales ; unites with Port-Glas-
gow, Dumbarton, Rutherglen, and Kil-
marnock in sending a member to Parlia-
ment ; and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Paisley, a railway station, a bank-
ing office, wharves and extensive ship-
building yards on the river, Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian churches,
a fine grammar school, and a large public
primary school. Real property in 1880-81,
£12,228. Pop. 4825.— The parish contains
also part of Paisley town and Yoker village,
measures 6j miles by 2J, and comprises
4311 acres. Real property of landward
part in 1880-81, £27,883. Pop. of the
whole, quoad civilia, 7439 ; quoad sacra,
7267. The surface is cut into nearly
three equal sections by the Clyde and.
the "White Cart ; and, excepting the iso-
lated eminence of Knock in the south,
and some low undulating outskirts of the
Lennox Hills on the north, is all low and
level. The soil almost everywhere is deep
and fertile, and the general landscape is
much embellished. Excellent coal is
worked in the north. Chief seats are
Blythswood, Elderslie, Scotstown, Jor-
danhill, and Walkingskaw ; and chief
antiquities are the site of the ancient
residence of the royal Stewarts, the lands
of Knock, which gave name to the dis-
tinguished family of Knox, and a frag-
mentary rock on the spot where the Earl
of Argyle was wounded and taken prisoner
in 1685. Five schools for 621 scholars are
in the parish, and 2 of them for 240 are new.

RENFREWSHIRE, maritime county in
west of Lowlands. It includes a section
of Renfrew parish on right side of the
Clyde, but lies all elsewhere on left side
of that river and of its estuary from
suburbs of Glasgow to Kelly burn on
boundary with Ayrshire. Its length, in
direction of north-by- west, is 31^ miles ; its
greatest breadth, nearly across the middle,
is 13^ miles ; and its area is 254 square
miles. About one-fourth of the land, com-
prising the parts nearest the Clyde down
to vicinity of Erskine Ferry, is mostly low
and flat ; about a third, comprising the

parts southward of that and some parts to
the west, is variously sloping, undulated,
tumulated, and ridgy, with interspersions
of vale and dale, and abounds in both
natural and artificial beauty; and the
rest, along the south-western border and
in the north-west, though including fine
spots and presenting interesting features
to the firth, consists mostly of high moor-
ish plateaux and hills. The chief streams
are the Clyde, its direct tributary the
Cart, and its remote tributaries the White
Cart, the Levern, the Black Cart, the
Gryfe, and the Calder. The chief lake is
Castle-Semple ; a beautiful little lake is
Libo ; and other lakes are numerous small
tame ones among the moors. Carboniferous
rocks underlie the surface from north-
eastern boundary to Bishopton Hills, and
yield a great output of coal, limestone,
sandstone, and peculiarly constituted iron-
stone. Agriculture has made fair improve-
ment, but necessarily presents different
aspects in the rich low tracts and in the
poor high plateaux. Manufactures at
Paisley, Barrhead, Johnstone, Pollock-
shaws, Greenock, and other places are
both diversified and aggregately very great ;
and commerce at Greenock, at Port-
Glasgow, and through Glasgow, is very
extensive. The territory now forming
Renfrewshire belonged to the Caledonian
Damnii ; was included by the Romans in
their Valentia ; and formed part of the
kingdom of Strathclyde or Cumbria. The
greater part of it afterwards bore the name
of Strathgryfe, and was for ages the chief
patrimony of the Stewards of Scotland.
The whole was constituted a county in
1404 ; and it is now divided administra-
tively into two wards, upper and lower,
with sheriff courts at respectively Paisley
and Greenock. Its towns with each more
than 10,000 inhabitants are Paisley, Green-
ock, Port-Glasgow, and part of Glasgow ;
with each more than 5000, Pollockshaws,
Johnstone, and Barrhead ; with each more
than 2000, Renfrew, Kilbarchan, Gourock,
and Thornliebank ; with each more than
1000, Neilston, Lochwinnoch, Eaglesham,
Elderslie, Linwood, Busby, and Bridge of
Weir; and the villages with each more
than 300 amount to 27. Real property in
1880-81, £727,261. Pop. in 1871, 216,947 ;
in 1881, 262,981.

RENIGALE, place, with public school,
in Harris, Outer Hebrides.

RENTON, town and quoad sacra parish
in Vale of Leven, Dumbartonshire. The
town stands 2 miles north of Dumbarton,
was founded in 1782, is a seat of manufac-
ture, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig
nated of Dumbartonshire, a railway sta-
tion, a monument to the novelist Smollett,
an Established church, 2 Free churches, a
Gaelic Free church, a public school with
about 230 scholars, and a female industrial
school with about 52. Pop. of the town,
4319 ; of the quoad sacra parish, 4387

EEN

387

RHI

RENTON, seat, public school with about
110 scholars, and quondam historical tower,
7^ miles north-west of Ay ton, Berwick-
shire.

REOCH, head-stream of the White Cart,
Renfrewshire.

REPENTANCE, conspicuous tower of
15th century, 4 miles north-west of Annan,
Dumfriesshire.

RERES, part of hill-ridge in Kilconquhar
parish, Fife.

RERIGONIUM, site of ancient Cale-
donian town on Loch Ryan, miles north-
east of Stranraer, Wigtonshire.

RERRICK, or RERWICK, parish, con-
taining the post office villages of Auchen-
cairn and Dundrennan, on coast of Kirk-
cudbrightshire. Its length is 9^ miles ;
its greatest breadth 6 miles ; its area
19,980 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£19,311. Pop., quoad civilia, 1807; quoad
sacra, 770. The coast, without reckon-
ing indentations, has an extent of 9J
miles ; is mostly bold, iron-bound, and
romantic ; and may have furnished Sir
"Walter Scott with features of the scenery
of ' Ellangowan ' in his Guy Mannering.
The interior is variously flafc, undulated,
and rolling ; rises gradually to the north
in successive summits commanding fine
views ; and terminates northward in a
group of mountains. The seats are Dun-
drennan, Orchardton, Orroland, Nether-
law, Balcarry, Collin, Nutwood, and Port-
Mary ; and the antiquities include a large
■Caledonian cairn, remains of two Caledonian
stone circles, vestiges of twelve ancient
camps, and the imposing ruin of Dun-
drennan Abbey. The churches are 2
Established and 1 Free. There are 3
schools for 458 scholars, and 1 of them
and a class-room for 260 are new.

RESART. See Resokt.

RESAURIE, small village in Inverness
parish, Inverness-shire.

RESCOBIE, parish, with church 3 miles
east-north-east of Forfar. Its post town
is Forfar. Its length is about 7j miles ;
its greatest breadth 2| miles ; its area
6559 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£10,218. Pop. 685. The surface is
much diversified, includes whole or part
of four considerable hills, and contains
Rescobie lake, 1J mile long. The seats
are Ochterlony, Burnside, Pitscandly,
Carse, Drimmie, and Reswallie ; and the
antiquities are a large Caledonian fort, on
craggy summit of Turin Hill, and sites of
two mediaeval castles. The public school
has about 68 scholars.

RESOLIS, parish, containing Jemima
and Gordon's Mills villages, in counties of
Ross and Cromarty. Its post town is In-
vergordon. Its length is about 8 miles ; its
breadth about 3J miles. Real property in
1880-81, £1672 and £4819. Pop. 1424. The
surface is bounded on the west and the north
by Cromarty Firth, rises gradually for nearly
2 miles from low shore, subsides then into
a valley extending through nearly all its

length, and rises somewhat steeply thence
to the watershed of the Mullbuy. Resolis
burn traverses the valley to the firth at
Gordon's Mills. The seats are Poyntzfield
and Newhall; and the antiquities are
numerous tumuli, traces of ancient camps,
relics of sanguinary clan fights, the frag-
mentary ruin of Castle Craig, and remains
of Kirkmichael church, described by Hugh
Miller. The churches are Established and
Free. There are 2 public schools for 246
scholars, and both are new.

RESORT, sea-loch on west coast
boundary between Lewis - proper and
Harris, Outer Hebrides. It strikes about
10 miles eastward, contains Scarf Island
in its mouth, is there about 3 miles wide,
and makes such contraction as to be very
narrow towards the head.

RESTALRIG, village and ancient barony
in north-eastern vicinity of Edinburgh.
The village stands about J mile north-by-
west of Jock's Lodge, is environed by
irrigated meadows, dates from the Culdee
times, was a rival of pristine Edinburgh,
had a collegiate church, rebuilt or enlarged
by James iv. and James v., passed into
decadence, and is now small and unattrac-
tive. The choir of its collegiate church
was restored from ruinous condition about
1842, and is now used as a mission church.
The barony includes the site of Leith, and
figures in the history of the Logans and in
the forming of Leith harbour.

RESTENET, quondam lake, If mile north
of Forfar. It gave the name of Forfar-
Restenet to Forfar parish ; it was drained
in latter part of last century ; and it con-
tained an island, now a pleasant dry
eminence, crowned by ruins of an ancient
priory.

RESTENNOTH, site of ancient church in
Rosemarkie parish, Ross-shire.

RESTLAW, ruined old retreat or resting-
place of pilgrims in Channelkirk parish,
Berwickshire.

RESTON, village, 4 miles west of Ayton,
Berwickshire. It has a post office desig-
nated of Berwickshire, a junction railway
station, an inn, a market-cross, and a Free
church of 1880. Pop. 321.

RESWALLIE, seat in Rescobie parish,
Forfarshire.

RETREAT, woodlands in Longformacus
parish, Berwickshire.

REWCASTLE, hamlet in Bedrule parish,
Roxburghshire.

RHEA. See Kyle-Rhea.

RHEILAN, headland on west side of
Gigha Island, Argyleshire.

RHENINVER, lake in Dallas parish,
Elginshire.

RHIANS, stream entering head of Kyle-
of-Tongue, Sutherland.

RHICONICH, place, with inn, at head of
Loch Inchard, on west coast of Suther-
land.

RHIDORCH, vale and noble shooting-
lodge in Lochbroom parish, Ross-
shire.

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388

EIO

RHIMUSAIG, detached section of
Dornoch parish, Sutherland.

RHIN, rising-ground near conflux of the
Endrick and the Blane, in Stirlingshire.

RHIND, small headland in Alloa parish,
Clackmannanshire.

RHIND, Perthshire. See Ehynd.

RHINNS, double peninsula, with isthmu3
at its east side, in west of "Wigtonshire.
It forms one of the three districts of that
county.

RHINNS, south-western peninsula of
Islay Island, Argyleshire.

RHINNS - OF - KELLS, mountains, with
summits 2280 and 2650 feet high, on
north-west border of Kirkcudbrightshire.

RHIVES, residence of Duke of Suther-
land's factor near Golspie, Sutherland.

RHONEHOUSE, village contiguous to
Keltonhill, 2^ miles south of Castle-
Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a
public school with about 75 scholars. Pop.
223.

RHUAD, small headland at southern
extremity of Kintyre, Argyleshire.

RHUANDUNAN, headland at southern
extremity of Bracadale parish, Isle of Skye.

RHUBANE, headland on north side of
Gair Loch, on west coast of Eoss-shire.

RHUCOIGACH, headland in section of
Cromartyshire, contiguous to north-
western extremity of Eoss-shire.

RHUDHU, western point of Strathy
Head, on north coast of Sutherland.

RHUERA, headland, 5 miles west of
mouth of Loch Ewe, west coast of Eoss-
shire.

RHUEVA, harbour, narrow - mouthed
but sheltered, on east coast of North Uist,
Outer Hebrides.

RHUHORMAID, eastern point of Whiten-
head, on north coast of Sutherland.

RHUHUNISH, headland at north-west
extremity of Trotternish, Isle of Skye.

RHUMORE, promontory separating
Loch Greinord from Loch Ewe, on west
coast of Eoss-shire.

RHU -NA-BRADD AN, headland, 13 miles
north-north-east of Portree, Isle of Skye.

RHURAIRNISH, headland in Lochs
parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

RHURUAIG, headland at north side of
entrance of Loch Torridon, west coast of
Eoss-shire.

RHUSTORE, bold headland, 9 miles
north-north-west of Lochinver, on west
coast of Sutherland.

RHYMER'S GLEN, small ravine in lands
of Abbotsford, Eoxburghshire.

RHYND, peninsular parish between the
Tay and left bank of the Earn, in Perth-
shire. It has a post office under Perth.
Its length is 4 miles ; its greatest breadth
about If mile ; its area 2457 acres. Eeal
property in 1880-81, £7884. Pop. 297.
The surface includes south-east skirt of
Moncrieff Hill, slopes thence to the south-
east, and is low and level over the rest
and greater part of the area. Chief
objects are Elcho Castle and the ruin of

an ancient nunnery. The public school
has about 77 scholars.

RHYNDS, seat in Saline parish, Fife.
RHYNIE, village and parish in Strath-
bogie district, Aberdeenshire. The village
stands 4 miles south-west of Kennethmont
railway station, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Aberdeenshire, 2 banking-
offices, 2 inns, Established, Free, Congre-
gational, and Episcopalian churches, and
a public school with about 136 scholars.
Pop. 442. — The parish measures about 5
miles in both length and breadth, and
comprises 12,879 acres. Eeal property in
1880-81, £4705. Pop. 1126. The surface
is nowhere lower than about 400 feet above
sea-level, and it includes the conspicuous
hill of Noth and some other but com-
paratively small heights. Eemains of a
vitrified fort are on Noth Hill, and ruins
of Lesmore Castle and Essie church are
near that hill's west base. There are
3 schools for 326 scholars, and enlarge-
ments of them for 150 are new.

RIAWR, lake in Straiton parish, Ayrshire.

RICCARTON, town and parish on
northern verge of Kyle, Ayrshire. The
town stands on Irvine river ; is suburban
to Kilmarnock; was originally called
Eichardstone ; is alleged to have got that
name from an uncle of Sir William
"Wallace ; adjoins the site of a quondam
residence of the Wallaces ; passed in
recent times from an antiquated to a
greatly improved condition ; shares now
in the industries of Kilmarnock ; and has
a post office under Kilmarnock, an ancient
judicial moat, a conspicuous steepled
parochial church, and a large public school.
— The parish contains also Hurlford
town and Sornhill village, measures
about 8 miles by 3, and comprises 7550
acres. Eeal property in 1879-80, £28,487.
Pop., quoad civilia, 7112 ; quoad sacra,
3263. The surface is mostly low and
little diversified, yet rises gradually toward
the south-east to a considerable hill-ridge.
The rocks are chiefly carboniferous, and
yield a large output of coal, limestone,
and ironstone. The seats are Caprington,
Shawhill, Bellfield, Milrig, Dollars, and
Treesbank ; and prominent objects are
ironworks at Hurlford. Established and
Free churches are at Hurlford, and
a public school is at Crossroads.

RICCARTON, village, 13 miles south of
Hawick, Eoxburghshire. It stands at
forking of railway from Hawick toward
respectively Carlisle and Hexham, was
founded and erected entirely in connec-
tion with the railway, and has a post
office under Hawick, and a railway station.

RICCARTON, hamlet, hill-ridge, and
burn in Linlithgow parish, Linlithgowshire.

RICCARTON, seat of Sir James H. G.
Craig, Bart., 6 miles south-west of Edin-
burgh.

RICCARTON, or RICKARTON, quoad
sacra parish, with church 3 miles north-

RID

389

ROB

west of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire. It
contains a mansion of its own name,
and has a post office under Stonehaven,
and a public school with about 88 scholars.
Pop. 473.

RIDDAN, sea-loch in Cowal district,
Argyleshire. It strikes from northernmost
part of Kyles of Bute, goes 6 miles
northward to mouth of rivulet Euel,
and has, on its lower part, the steamboat
pier, inn, mansion, and villas of Ormidale.

RIDDELL, estate on Ale rivulet adjacent
to Lilliesleaf, Roxburghshire.

RIDDENS, village in Dairy parish, Ayr-
shire. Pop. 279.

RIDLEYWOOD, village in Cambuslang
parish, Lanarkshire.

RIENLOAN. See Rinloan.

RIESS. See Reiss.

RIFF, headland in Lochbroom parish,
west coast of Eoss-shire.

RIGEND, village, 3 miles north of Air-
drie, Lanarkshire. It has a public school
with' about 104 scholars. Pop. 333.

RIGG, small bay, 1 mile south of Gar-
lieston. "Wigtonshire.

RIGG, or RIGG OF GRETNA, bam let
in Gretna parish, Dumfriesshire. It has
a post office under Annan, and a United
Presbyterian church.

RIGSIDE, village and colliery in north-
east of Douglas parish, Lanarkshire. The
village figures notably in the history of
the Cameronians, and has a Free church,
a Reformed Presbyterian church, and a
public school with about 88 scholars.

RIN, steep cuneiform acclivity between
two ravines in Gamrie parish, Banffshire.

RINGANS, deep dell flanked by preci-
pice, with site of ancient church, in
Bowden parisb, Roxburghshire.

RINGANS (ST.). See Ninians (St.).

RINGANWHEY, place in Crossmichael
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a pub-
lic school with about 175 scholars.

RING BURN, stream, running south-
ward to the sea at 5 miles south-south-
east of Kirkcudbright.

RINGDOW, headland between mouth
of Fleet estuary and mouth of Cree
estuary, Kirkcudbrightshire.

RINGFORD, hamlet in Tongland parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a post office
designated of Kirkcudbrightshire.

RINGKNOLL, rising - ground, with ves-
tige of circular entrenchment, in Manor
parish, Peeblesshire.

RINGLYHALL, rocky height overhang-
ing the Tweed in vicinity of Rutherford
village, Roxburghshire. It is crowned
by an ancient camp ; it presents a cliff
to the rivei*, and was formerly defended
on other sides by moats and ramparts ;
and it is said to have been occupied, at an
early period, by an invading English army.

RINGS, traces of very extensive fortifi-
cation in Hounam parish, Roxburghshire.

RINGS, ancient circular fortification in
Kirkurd parish, Peeblesshire.

RINGSDALE, remains of old castle

overhanging the Avon in Stonehouse
parish, Lanarkshire.

RINGWEE, cliff on Portpatrick coast,
"Wigtonshire.

RINK, place, with ancient camp, in
Galashiels parish, Selkirkshire.

RINK, place of sheep fairs in Hawick
parish, Roxburghshire.

RINLOAN, place, with inn and with
quondam Established mission church, in
Glengairn section of Glenmuick parish,
Aberdeenshire.

RINMURE, estate in Kinnell parish,
Forfarshire.

RINNS. See Rhinns.

RIPPEL-WALLS, huge projecting trap
dykes on east coast of Big Cumbray Island,
Buteshire.

RISE, lofty hill-summit, 4 miles west
of Newabbey, Kirkcudbrightshire.

RISGA, island in Loch Sunart, Argyle-
shire.

RISKEND, place, with good lime, in
Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

RISPOND, headland, with romantic group
of naked rocks, and harbour with pier and
basin, on north coast of Durness parish,
Sutherland.

RISTAL, small island in Lochbroom
parish, Ross-shire.

RIVE, half -tide skerries off north coast of
Burness peninsula, Sanday Island, Orkney.

ROADMEETINGS, village in Carluke
parish, Lanarkshire.

ROADSIDE, village in St. Cyrus parish,
Kincardineshire.

ROADSIDE, place, 3 miles from Errol,
Perthshire. It has a post office under Errol.

ROAG, sea-loch, north-east of Gallan-
head on west coast of Lewis, Outer
Hebrides. It measures 10 miles across
the entrance, extends 6^ miles eastward
with width of from 8 to 6 miles, extends 5
miles farther eastward in separate narrow
branches, is cut by islands into portions
bearing four several names, contains one
island about 6 miles long and nearly 40
small ones, and is so blocked about the
mouth as not to be readily found by
strange boatmen. All the land of both its
shores and its islands is either low or tame.

ROAIRD, section of Rogart parish,
Sutherland.

ROAN, small lake in Crossmichael
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ROAN, mountain and burn on west side
of Castleton parish, Roxburghshire.

ROAN, Sutherland. See Ellan-na-
Roan.

ROBERTLAND, seat and ruined castle in
Stewarton parish, Ayrshire.

ROBERTON, parish, with church h\
miles west of Hawick, Roxburghshire. It
lies along the mutual border of Roxburgh-
shire and Selkirkshire, contains Dean-
burnhaugh post office hamlet, measures
about 15 miles by 7J, and comprises 17,936
acres in Roxburghshire and 11,483 in
Selkirkshire. Real property in 1880-81,
£6737 and £3928. Pop. 317 and 250.

ROB

390

RON

The surface is mostly hilly or moun-
tainous, includes six summits upwards of
1420 feet high, and is diversified by several
lakes. The seats are Harden, Borthwick-
brae, Borthwickshiels, Hoscote, and
Chisholme ; and the antiquities are
several Caledonian and Boman camps.
There are 2 public schools with capacity
for 149 scholars.

ROBERTON, village and ancient parish
in upper ward of Lanarkshire. The village
stands on burn of its own name near the
burn's influx to the Clyde, 4 miles north-
east of Abington, and has a United Bres-
byterian church. The parish contains a
conspicuous hill called Boberton Law, and
is now annexed to Wiston.

ROBERTSON MEMORIAL, quoad sacra
parish in Grange suburb, Edinburgh.
Bop. 8335.

ROBERTSON MEMORIAL, quoad sacra
parish in Glasgow. Bop. 5605.

ROBGILL, seat, including old tower, on
Kirtle rivulet, 4f miles north - east of
Annan, Dumfriesshire.

ROBINRIG, sandbank in Solway Firth
off SoutbernessBoint, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ROBIN'S HEIGHT, place where King
Bobert Bruce lay encamped during severe
sickness, in Drumblade parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

ROB ROY'S CAVE. See Craigroyston.

ROBROYSTON, estate, 4 miles north-
east of Glasgow. It contained, till 1826,
the cottage in which Sir William Wallace
was betrayed ; it retains the bed of the
lake which figures in the stories of his
betrayal ; and it now has a modern mansion.

ROB'S REDE, trace of ancient circular
fort in Bescobie parish, Forfarshire.

ROCHANE, place on west side of upper
part of Gare Loch, Dumbartonshire.

ROCHELHILL, estate in Glammis
parish, Forfarshire.

ROCHSILLOCH, mineral tract, with rich
ironstone pits, in Old Monkland parish,
Lanarkshire.

ROCHSOLES, seat, 1J mile north of
Airdrie, Lanarkshire.

ROCK-AND-SPINDLE, curious insulated
trap rock about 1^ mile from St. Andrews,
Fife.

ROCKCLIFFE, extensive sands in head
of Solway Firth between Scotland and
England.

ROCKFIELD, village in Tarbat parish,
Boss-shire.

ROCKHALL, seat of Sir Alexander D.
Grierson, Bart., in Mouswald parish,
Dumfriesshire.

ROCKHALL, artificial large mound on
spur of hills overlooking south side of
Lochmaben lochs and castle, Dumfries-
shire. It served, in old times, both as a
seat of justice and as a beacon-post, and
is often called Beacon Hill.

ROCKHALL, small bay in St. Cyrus
parish, Kincardineshire.

ROCKHILL, seat in Glenorchy parish,
Argyleshire.

ROCKHILLFLAT, burn in Applegarth
parish, Dumfriesshire.

ROCKHOLE, very deep pool, engirt by
rock, in Annan river, 4 miles south of
Lockerby, Dumfriesshire.

ROCK-OF-THE-KILT. See Craigna-

FEILE.

ROCK-OF-WEEM, romantic, acclivitous,
wooded ridge, about 600 feet high, 1\ mile
north-west of Aberfeldy, Berthshire.

ROCKVILLE, seat in North Berwick
parish, Haddingtonshire.

RODEL. See Bowadill.

RODONO, recently erected mansion on
St. Mary's Loch, Selkirkshire.

ROE, sound and two islands, Meikle and
Little, in St. Magnus Bay, Shetland.

ROENESS. See Bona, Shetland.

ROGART, hamlet and parish in south-
east of Sutherland. The hamlet lies 1\
miles west of Golspie, and has a post
office designated of Sutherlandshire, a
railway station, Established and Free
churches, and a public school. — The
parish measures 17 miles in length and
from 3 to 1\ miles in breadth. Beal
property in 1880-81, £5196. Bop. 1227.
The surface includes upper part of
Strathbrora and all Strathneet, each with
bottom from a few yards to f mile broad,
and consists wholly of these and their
hill-screens ; and it contains many tumuli,
Scandinavian structures, and vestiges of
camps. There are 2 public schools with
about 101 scholars.

ROGER'S KIRK, deep ravine, a retreat
of the Covenanters, on south-east border
of Dunsyre parish, Lanarkshire.

ROGIE, fine cascade on Basay rivulet,
Boss-shire. See Basay.

ROLLOX (ST.), suburb about \ mile
north of Glasgow Cathedral. It has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Glasgow, and very
extensive chemical works with more than
100 furnaces, and a conspicuous chimney-
stalk 435 feet high.

ROMACH, picturesque small lake, 6
miles south-south-east of Forres, Elgin-
shire.

ROMANNO, seat, 3 miles south-south-
east of Linton village, Beeblesshire.

RON A, island, averagely 14 miles north-
east of Bortree, in Skye, Inverness-shire.
It measures about 5 miles in length, and
less than a mile in breadth ; is nowhere
higher than about 500 feet ; presents an
uninviting appearance ; and has a light-
house with flashing white light visible at
the distance of 20 nautical miles. Bop.
176.

RONA, island near south-west point of
North Uist, Outer Hebrides. It measures
about 2 miles by lh, and rises to a height
of about 600 feet. Bop. 6.

RONA, small island, 38 miles north-west
of Butt of Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

RONA, or ROENESS, hill, 5^ miles south-
south-west of northern extremity of Main-
land, Shetland. It rises to a height of

RON

391

ROS

1476 feet, is crowned by an ancient watch-
tower, and commands a view of nearly all
Shetland.

RONALDSHAY (NORTH), northernmost
of the Orkney Islands. It commences 2\
miles north of northernmost part of San-
day •; is separated from that island by a
dangerous sound called North Eonaldshay
Firth ; measures 4 miles in length, and
fully 2 in greatest breadth ; is flat and
rocky in its shores, and flat and low in its
interior ; forms a quoad sacra parish ; and
has a post office under Kirkwall, Estab-
lished and Free churches, and a lighthouse
with flashing light visible at the distance
of 17 nautical miles. Real property in
1880-81, £858. Pop. 547.

RONALDSHAY (ST. MARY), quoad sacra
parish in South Eonaldshay Island, Ork-
ney. Pop. 695.

RONALDSHAY (SOUTH), island and
parish in south-east of Orkney. The
island extends northward from east end
of Pentland Firth ; measures 8 miles in
length, and mostly from 2 to 5| miles in
breadth ; includes in its coast three bold
headlands, and two excellent natural
harbours ; rises nowhere higher than about
300 feet above sea-level ; presents aggre-
gately a productive and well-cultivated
appearance ; contains the post office village
of St. Margaret's Hope ; and has some
large ancient standing-stones, numerous
remains of Picts' houses, ruins or vestiges
of 7 ancient chapels, 2 modern Established
churches, a Free church, a United Presby-
terian church, and 2 public schools. Pop.
2548. — The parish contains also Burray,
Hunda, and Swona Islands, and Pentland
Skerries, and measures 13ir miles in length.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £4254. Pop.
3314. Established, United Presbyterian,
and Baptist churches are in Burray. Five
schools for 659 scholars are in the parish,
and 3 of them for 350 are new.

RONALDSONS, ruined watch-tower on
Kilninver coast, in Lorn, Argyleshire.

RONAVAL, mountain, 1502 feet high,
in south of Harris, Outer Hebrides.

RONHEADS, fishing suburb of Peter-
bead, Aberdeenshire.

ROOST, tumult of tidal currents adja-
cent to Sumburgh Head, at southern
extremity of Mainland, Shetland.

ROOST, foaming rapids between Eday
and Sanday Islands, Orkney.

RORA, estate, with granite quarries and
public school, in Longside parish, Aber-
deenshire.

RORAY, headland in north-west of Hoy,
Orkney.

ROSA, stream, traversing Glenrosa, in
Arran Island, Buteshire.

ROSCOBIE, village, lime-works, and hill-
ridge about Z\ miles north of Dunferm-
line, Fife.

ROSEBANK, quoad sacra parish in Dun-
dee. Pop. 7954.

ROSEBANK, modern village on the Clyde
in Dalserf parish, Lanarkshire.

ROSEBANK, seat in Eutherglen parish,
Lanarkshire.

ROSEBANK, seat in Wick parish, Caith-
ness.

ROSEBURN, handsome modern western
suburb of Edinburgh. It has a Free church.

ROSEHALL, handsome recent suburb
of Edinburgh. It has a United Presby-
terian ornate church of 1880.

ROSEHALL, town in eastern vicinity of
Coatbridge, Lanarkshire. It adjoins Whif-
flet railway station, and is largely engaged
in mineral traffic. Pop. with Whifflet, 3829.

ROSEHALL, estate, with mansion 7
miles west-north-west of Invershin, on
south border of Sutherland. It has a post
office designated of Sutherlandshire, and a
Free church.

ROSEHAUGH, seat in Avoch parish,
Ross-shire.

ROSEHEARTY, fishing town, 4 miles
west of Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire. It
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Fraserburgh,
a banking office, a Free church, a United
Presbyterian church, and a public school
with about 227 scholars. Pop. 1404.

ROSEISLE, eminence and estate in
Duffus parish, Elginshire.

ROSEISLEHAUGH, estate in Duffus par-
ish, Elginshire.

ROSEMARKIE, village and parish on
east coast of Ross-shire. The village
stands about \ mile north-north-east of
Chanonry, was made a royal burgh by
Alexander II., became united with
Chanonry to constitute the town and
burgh of Fortrose, is identical in
industries and institutions with that
town, 10J miles north-north-east of Inver-
ness, and has a post office under Inver-
ness. Pop. 301. — The parish extends
about 6 miles along the coast, and has a
mean breadth of between 2 and 3 miles.
Real property of landward part in 1880-
81, £4561. Pop., quoad civilia, 1357;
quoad sacra, 865. The coast is bold,
rocky, cavernous, and romantic ; and the
interior makes a gradual ascent, includes
part of the Mullbuy, and presents a very
agreeable appearance. A chief residence
is Raddery, and chief antiquities are
Rosemarkie Cross, and an artificial mound
called Court Hill. The churches are 2
Established, 1 Free, 1 Baptist, and 1
Episcopalian. There are 3 schools for
325 scholars, and 1 of them for 130 is new.

ROSEMOUNT, quoad sacra parish in
Aberdeen. It has a post office, with money
order department, under Aberdeen. Pop.
8263.

ROSENEATH, village and peninsulated
parish in extreme west of Dumbartonshire.
The village stands on Gare Loch, opposite
Row Point, 3£ miles west-north-west of
Helensburgh, is a small charming water-
ing-place, includes some handsome villas,
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, under Helens-
burgh, a steamboat pier, Established and

ROS

392

EOS

Free churches, and a public school with
about 82 scholars. — The parish contains
also Kilcreggan, Craigrownie, Cove,
Coulport, Clynder, and Kahane villages,
and part of Garelochhead. Its length is
about 7 miles ; its greatest breadth 3|
miles ; its area 8461 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £22,074. Pop., quoad civilia,
1994 ; quoad sacra, 1901. The eastern
boundary is all Gare Loch down to its
mouth at Roseneath Point ; the southern
boundary is Firth of Clyde from that
westward, to Craigrownie ; the western
boundary is Loch Long from its mouth up
to vicinity of Loch Goil ; and the northern
boundary is an isthmus of about a mile
from Loch Long eastward to head of Gare
Loch. The coast is variously sandy,
sloping, and rocky ; exhibits, over much
of its aggregate, a fine display of hand-
some villages, villas, and ornate cottages ;
and includes, on the lower part of Gare
Loch, the singularly good anchoring-place
of Campsaile Bay. The southern part of
the interior is a mixture of slope, swell,
and dingle, contains Roseneath Castle,
and has much embellishment ; the middle
and northern parts are chiefly a hill-ridge,
culminating at 530 feet above sea-level,
and commanding exquisite views ; and
the whole belonged, till the latter part of
15th century, to the Earls of Lennox, and
passed then to the noble family of Argyle.
Roseneath Castle, a seat of the Duke of
Argyle, stands near the site of an ancient
fortalice refitted as a noble residence in
1630, and destroyed by accidental fire in
1802; and it was erected in 1803-6, is
in a mixed style of Gothic, Roman, and
Italian, and has ornate offices and splendid
grounds. The ancient fortalice is said to
have been captured by Sir "William
Wallace ; and a tract adjacent to it
figures strongly, but quite out of
character with its true topography, in
Sir Walter Scott's Heart of Midlothian.
The churches are 4 Established, 2 Free,
and 2 United Presbyterian ; and there are
3 public schools with about 317 scholars.

ROSENESS, promontory on north side
of Holm Sound, 9 miles south-south-east
of Kirkwall, Orkney.

ROSETTA, seat about a mile north of
Peebles.

ROSEWELL, town about a mile south
of Hawthornden railway station in Edin-
burghsbire. It adjoins collieries, and has
a post office, with money order department,
designated of Mid-Lothian, a quoad sacra
parochial church of 1872, and a public
school with about 215 scholars. Pop. of
town, 1394 ; of quoad sacra parish, 2129.

ROSHK, lake in Strathbran, Ross-shire.

ROSKIE, lake in north-east of Port-of-
Monteith parish, Perthshire.

ROSLIN, village, f mile north of North
Esk river, and 8 miles by road, but 12 by
railway, south of Edinburgh. It adjoins
a picturesque reach of the North Esk's
ravine ; it draws much attention for sake

of neighbouring ancient church and
ancient castle ; it gives name to three
victories in one day achieved in its vicinity
in 1303 by the Scotch over the English ;
it ranked in 15th century as the third
largest town in the Lothians, and
witnessed then a great concourse of noble
visitors to the neighbouring ancient castle ;
it now presents a modern, pleasant, semi-
rural appearance ; it communicates with
south bank of the Esk by a long iron girder-
bridge of 1871 ; it has a post office desig-
nated of Mid-Lothian, a railway station, 2
hotels, a quoad sacra parochial church, a
Free church of 1881, and a public school
with about 171 scholars ; and it gives the
title of earl, in the form of Rosslyn, to
the family of St. Clair-Erskine. Pop.
611. The ancient church, popularly
called Rosslyn Chapel, stands about a
furlong south-east of the village ; was
founded in 1446, for a provost and six
prebendaries, by William St. Clair, third
Earl of Orkney ; was designed to be cruci-
form, but was never completed, and con-
sists of only a chancel and part of a
transept, with subjacent burial-vault ;
exhibits peculiar features of pointed archi-
tecture, and a richly ornate interior ; is
celebrated, connectedly with a superstition
about the St. Clairs, in Sir Walter Scott's
ballad of ' Rosabelle ; ' and serves now, in
the summer months, as an Episcopalian
church. Roslin Castle stands about 200
yards from the church; crowns an insu-
lated precipitous rock rising from the bed
of the Esk ; surmounts a triple tier of
vaults ; and comprises an old ruin of 200
feet by 90, and a comparatively modern
pile. Pop. of quoad sacra parish, 1476.

ROSLINLEE. See Rosslynlee.

ROSS, suburb of Comrie, Perthshire.

ROSS, fishing village, 2\ miles west-by-
south of Ay ton, Berwickshire. Pop. with
Burnmouth, 371.

ROSS, ancient seat of junior member of
noble family of Hamilton, in Hamilton
parish, Lanarkshire.

ROSS, peninsular tract, 14 miles long, in
south-west of Mull Island, extending to
within a mile of Iona, in Argyleshire.

ROSS, ancient parish, comprehending all
Mull Island south of Aros and Loch-na-
Keal, in Argyleshire.

ROSS, bay and hill in Borgue parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

ROSSACHY, burn, running to the Dee
in Aboyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

ROSS-ARDEN, small headland on west
side of Loch Lomond, 5| miles south of
Luss.

ROSSDHU, seat of Sir James Col-
quhoun, Bart., on west side of Loch
Lomond, 2 miles south of Luss.

ROSS (EASTER). See Ross-SHIRE.

ROSSEND, castellated seat, partly of
15th century and partly modern, at west
end of Burntisland, Fife.

ROSSFINLAS, small headland on west
side of Loch Lomond, south of Luss.

EOS

393

ROS

ROSSIE, seat in south-western vicinity
of Montrose, and island, called also Inch-
brayock, in the South Esk, suburban to
Montrose, in Forfarshire. Pop. of island,
169.

ROSSIE, estate in Collessie parish, Fife.

ROSSIE PRIORY, seat of Lord Kinnaird,
3 miles north of Inchture railway station,
Perthshire. It was erected in 1817, and
it has fine grounds containing a campanile
tower and a ruined ancient fortalice.

ROSSITER, place, with ruined old chapel,
in North Yell, Shetland.

ROSSKEEN, parish, containing Inver-
gordon town, and Bridgend and Saltburn
villages, in east of Eoss-shire. Its length
is about 10 miles ; its mean breadth about
6 miles. Real property in 1880 - 81,
£15,217. Pop. 3773. The surface in-
cludes a level shore along middle part of
Cromarty Firth ; rises thence with gentle
acclivity over a distance of about 4 miles ;
and is hilly and mountainous thence to
the north-western boundary. Chief seats
are Invergordon Castle and. Ardross, and
chief antiquities are an obelisk and a
number of cairns. The churches are Es-
tablished and Free. There are 7 schools for
941 scholars, and 4 of them for 628 are new.

ROSSLAND, hamlet and estate in
Erskine parish, Renfrewshire.

ROSS (LITTLE)', islet in mouth of river
Dee, Kirkcudbrightshire. It commands a
splendid view, and has a lighthouse with
flashing light visible at the distance of 18
nautical miles.

ROSSLYN. SeeRoSLiN.

ROSSLYN CASTLE, station on Penicuick
Railway, 4J miles south-west of Eskbank,
Edinburghshire. It has a post office
designated of Mid-Lothian.

ROSSLYNLEE, station on Peebles Rail-
way, 4^ miles south-west-by-south of
Eskbank, Edinburghshire.

ROSS (MIDDLE and NETHER), two
small headlands on west side of Loch
Lomond, in Luss parish, Dumbartonshire.

ROSS PRIORY, seat on Loch Lomond,
3| miles north-north-east of Balloch, Dum-
bartonshire. It was much visited by Sir
Walter Scott while composing his Rob R,oy.

ROSS-SHIRE, or ROSS, maritime county
immediately north of Inverness-shire. It
comprehends a section of the mainland
extending from Moray Firth to the
Atlantic ; comprehends also Lewis-proper
in Outer Hebrides ; includes numerous
islands and islets, both near the mainland
and near Lewis ; is intermixed, in east,
north, and west parts of its main body,
with the scattered sections of Cromarty-
shire ; and embosoms, in south-east of its
main body, the Ferintosh section of Nairn-
shire. The main body is proximately
triangular, and measures 55 miles along its
north side, 83 miles along its south-east
side, and 64 miles along its west side ; the
Hebridean portion, exclusive of remote
islands, measures 45 miles by 30 ; and the
entire county, exclusive of the Cromarty-

shire and Nairnshire interspersions, com-
prises 3445 square miles. Ross, Cromarty,
Ferintosh, and Sutherland form one
sheriffdom ; but the three former are
divided administratively into Easter Ross,
"Wester Ross, and Lewis, with sheriff
courts at respectively Tain, Dingwall,
and Stornoway; and are regarded
popularly as comprehending the districts
of Easter Ross from Tai-batness to Alness
river, Ardmeanach or Black Isle between
Cromarty Firth and Moray Firth, Fearn-
donald from Alness river to Orrin river,
and Highlands subdivided into Ardross,
Strathoikell, Strathcarron, Coigach, Loch-
broom, Gairloch, Applecross, Lochalsh,
Glenshiel, Strathbran, Strathgarve, Strath-
dirry, Glenelchaig, and some minor
sections. The east coast is bounded in
the north and the south by respectively
Dornoch Firth and Loch Beauly, includes
the entire extent of Cromarty Firth, and
possesses many fine small bays and good
natural harbours; and the west coast ex-
tends from Loch Enard in the north to
Loch Alsh in the south, and is cut into
ten sections by sea-lochs mostly of con-
siderable or great length, and winged with
creeks or small bays. The eastern dis-
tricts, to the mean breadth of about 11
miles from the coast, are prevailingly low,
fertile, and embellished, but include the
Mullbuy and some ranges of sea-cliff, and
are overhung by the stupendous alpine
mass of Benwyvis ; the western districts,
both on the immediate seaboard and
far inland, abound in bold mountains,
with altitudes of from 2000 to upwards
of 3000 feet above sea- level ; and the
interior districts, with exception of glen
bottoms and lake margins, are all wildly
upland, and include many an alpine
summit. The chief rivers are the Oikell
and the Carron, running to Dornoch Firth ;
the Balnagowan, the Alness, the Ault-
grande, and the Conan, running to Cromarty
Firth ; the Broom, the Ewe, and the
Carron, running to heads of sea-lochs of
the same names in the west ; and the
Shiel, running to head of Loch Duich in
the south-west. The fresh-water lakes
include the long splendid Maree, the
Fannich, the Fuir, the Luichart, the
Glass, the Moir, the Monar, the Vattie,
the Lurgan, and many others. The rocks
possess great interest for geologists, but
have very little economical value. The
agriculture of lowland tracts is in highly
improved condition ; the manufactures of
any sort are very limited; the fisheries
comprise four districts and part of
another of the 25 fishery districts of
Scotland, and are very productive ; and
the exports are made from several sub-
ports, and from Inverness and Stornoway,
and consist chiefly of black cattle, sheep,
wool, fish, and grain. The towns with
each more than 2000 inhabitants are Ding-
wall and Stornoway ; with each more than
1000 are Tain, Cromarty, Swainbost, Inver-

ROS

394

ROT

gordon, and Avoch ; and the villages with
each more than 300 amount to 35. Ross
was inhabited by the Caledonian Creones
and Cantse ; was held along with Moray
province by Macbeth ; formed an earldom,
from an early period till that of James
III., in favour of the Macdonalds ; passed
to the Mackenzies of Kintail ; gave the
peerage title of baron from 1502 till 1754
to the Rosses of Halkhead; and retains
numerous monuments of both the Cale-
donian and the mediaeval times. Real
property of Ross in 1880-81, £301,556.
Pop. of Ross and Cromarty in 1871,
80,955 ; in 1881, 78,539.

ROSS (WESTER). See Ross-shire,

ROSYTH, ruined castle and ancient
parish on south coast of Fife. The castle
stands on small rock connected by cause-
way with mainland, 2 miles east of Lime-
kilns, and is the remnant of a royal seat
noticed in Sir Walter Scott's Abbot. — The
parish was annexed in 1636 to Inverkeith-
ing, and retains its burying-ground and
ruins of its church.

ROTHES, town in Elginshire, and parish
partly also in Banffshire. The town stands
near the Spey, 13 miles south -by-east of
Elgin ; was founded in 1766 ; comprises
four streets meeting in a centre ; has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Elgin, a railway sta-
tion, 2 banking offices, 2 hotels, Established
and Free churches, and 2 public schools ;
gives the title of earl to the family of
Leslie ; and adjoins the site of the ancient
strong castellated seat of the earls. Pop.
1382. — The parish contains also Orton
village, measures about 9J miles in length,
and nearly 3 in mean breadth, and com-
prises 18,965 acres in Elginshire and 851
in Banffshire. Real property in 1880-81,
£9716 and £383. Pop. 2201. The Banff-
shire section is a peninsular tract on
right side of the Spey; and the Elgin-
shire section includes a level tract along
left side of the Spey, rises thence into
irregular eminences intersected by four
vales, and ascends to the north and the
west into considerable hills. Chief seats
are Orton and Auchinroath ; and chief
antiquities are the walls and burying-
ground of Dundurcus church. There are
5 schools for 581 scholars, and 2 of them
for 445 are new.

ROTHES, place, with paper-mill and
bleachfield, in Markinch parish, Fife.

ROTHESAY, town and parish in Isle of
Bute. The town stands on half-moon bay
1| mile wide, immediately within south-
east end of Kyles of Bute, 18 miles south-
west of Greenock ; arose and prospered
around a famous ancient castle ; gave to
the eldest son of Robert nr., and gives
now to the Prince of Wales, the title of
duke ; ranks as a favourite watering-place,
a retreat of invalids, a seat of manufacture,
a seaport, the centre of a fishery district,
a royal burgh, and the capital of Bute-
shire ; enjoys so fine a climate as to have

been long reputed the Montpellier of
Scotland ; commands charming views both
from its front, and especially from Barone
Hill immediately behind it ; comprises a
compact mass of streets at the bay's head,
and handsome outskirts and lines of villas
along the shores to the bay's mouth ;
underwent improvement of its sanitary
condition by extensive works in 1871-77 ;
acquired a tramway to Port-Bannatyne in
1882 ; publishes 3 weekly newspapers ; and
has a head post office with all departments,
3 banking offices, 5 hotels, county buildings,
public halls, an aquarium, a band pavilion,
an excellent harbour, 3 Established
churches, 3 Free churches, United Presby-
terian, Baptist, Episcopalian, and Roman
Catholic churches, an academy, and 2
primary public schools. The Castle stands
within a compact part of the town ; was
founded in 1098 by Magnus Barefoot of
Norway to secure his hold on the Hebrides ;
underwent enlargement to become a pala-
tial fort of the Lords High Stewards of
Scotland ; figured in the invasion by Haco
of Norway, and in wars of the Succession ;
was an occasional residence of several of
the Scottish kings, and the death-place of
Robert ill. ; suffered injury by Cromwell,
and ruination in 1685 by the Earl of
Argyle ; and was so extensively and taste-
fully restored in 1873-74 as to be rendered
eminently picturesque. The County
Buildings are a castellated structure of
1832. The public halls were completed in
December 1879, cost upwards of £12,000,
and have an elegant main circular apart-
ment with accommodation for 1367 per-
sons. The aquarium was formed in
1875-76 at a cost of about £12,000, is a
crystal palace contiguous to the sea, and
includes a promenade and concert-hall.
One of the Established churches adjoins
the ruined choir of what was for some
time the cathedral of the diocese of Argyle
and the Isles ; and two of the Free churches
are modern structures with conspicuous
spires. The harbour was formed in years
from 1822 till 1873 at a cost of about
£22,000. Real property of the burgh in
1880-81, £55,704. Pop. 8291.— The par-
ish contains also Ascog village ; it formerly
included what is now North Bute parish,
containing Port-Bannatyne or Kaimes-
burgh ; and it may be most conveniently
described as still including that parish. Its
length, thus understood, is nearly 10 miles ;
its greatest breadth, exclusive of Inchmar-
nock, 5 miles ; its area 20,847 acres, of
which 14,764 are in North Bute. Real pro-
perty of landward part in 1880-81, £14,646,
of which £12,196 were in North Bute.
Pop. 8538, of which 1192 were in North
Bute. The boundary all round, except on
the south, is formed by Kyles of Bute and
Firth of Clyde. The coast consists mostly
of gravelly slopes and shelving rocks, and
is indented by two bays on the east and
two on the west. Two fine dingles cross
the interior from the eastern bays to the

ROT

395

ROW

western ones ; and rising-grounds and
hills, with pleasing diversity of surface,
fill nearly all the rest of the interior.
Chief residences are handsome villas at
and near Ascog ; and chief antiquities are
a Caledonian stone circle, numerous stand-
ing7stones, tumuli, and hill-forts, # and
Kaimes and Kilmorie castles. Established
and Free churches are in North Bute.
There are 12 schools for 1930 scholars ; 2
of them for 516 are new, and 2 for 263 are
outside of Bothesay burgh.

ROTHIE, seat in Fy vie parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

ROTHIEMAY, village and parish in
Banffshire. The village stands on left
side of Deveron river, 2 miles north-east
of a railway station of its own name, at 5
miles north of Huntly, and has a post
office under Huntly, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
139 scholars. — The parish contains also
Milltown village, measures about 1\ miles
by 5^, and comprises 9365 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £5062. Pop. 1363.
The southern section is rich low country,
and the northern one is a partially tumu-
lated plateau. The seats are Bothiemay
and Mayen, and the former belongs to the
Earl of Fife. There are 4 schools for 375
scholars, and 1 of them for 80 is new.

ROTHIEMURCHUS, quoad sacra parish,
with church about 13 miles north-east of
Kingussie, on east border of Inverness-
shire. Its post town is Aviemore. Its
length is about 10 miles ; its breadth
about 7 miles. Pop. 293. The surface
includes a rich low tract along right side
of the Spey, and rises thence to an alpine
summit-line of Cairngorm Mountains.
The chief residence is Bothiemurchus
House, and the chief antiquity is a ruined
fortalice of the Wolf of Badenoch on an
islet in Loch-an-Eilan. The public school
has about 94 scholars. The parish was
formerly a quoad civilia one, but is now
annexed politically to Duthil.

ROTHIE-NORMAN, place, 6& miles north
of Inveramsay, Aberdeenshire. It has a
post office designated of Aberdeenshire,
and a railway station.

ROTHMAISE, seat and hill in Bayne
parish, Aberdeenshire.

ROTHNEY, village near Insch railway
station, Aberdeenshire. Pop. 241.

ROTHNICK, estate in Fetteresso parish,
Kincardineshire.

ROTMEL, two lakes and site of ancient
castle in Dowally parish, Perthshire.

ROTTEARN, village in Dunblane parish,
Perthshire.

ROTTEN C ALDER. See Calder,

ROTTENRAW, affluent of Elliot rivulet,
Forfarshire.

ROTTRAW, farm, with site of ancient
tower, in Borgue parish, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

ROUCAN, village, 3J miles east-north-
east of Dumfries.

ROUGH, hill, once crowned with ancient
fort, in East Kilbride parish, Lanarkshire.

ROUGH, burn, entering the Garnock
1 mile north of Kilwinning, Ayrshire.

ROUGHCASTLE, site of fort on Anto-
ninus' Wall, 6 miles west-south-west of
Falkirk, Stirlingshire.

ROUGHLY, affluent of Hermitage
rivulet in Liddesdale, Boxburghshire.

ROUGHLYNOOK, hill in south of Jed-
bugh parish, Boxburghshire.

ROUGHRIGG, village in New Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 689.

ROUGHTREE, place, with public school,
in Kirkpatrick-Irongray parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

ROUNDABOUT, ancient camp in Alf ord
parish, Aberdeenshire.

ROUNDHILL, eminence, with vestige of
hill-fort, in Old Kilpatrick parish, Dum-
bartonshire,

ROUNDYHILL, hamlet in Kirriemuir
parish, Forfarshire. It has a public school
with about 97 scholars.

ROUSAY, island and parish in Orkney.
The island lies from \ mile to If mile
north-east of Evie in Pomona ; measures
about 4 miles by 3 ; rises from shores vari-
ously rocky, sloping, and low into the
form of a massive truncated cone ; has a
post office, with money order department,
designated of Orkney, an inn, several
harbours, Westness and Westside
mansions, Scandinavian dunes, tumuli,
standing-stones, an ancient camp, Estab-
lished, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches, and 3 public schools ; and
yielded in 1880, through excavation of
sepulchral mounds, a curious urn, destined
to be lodged in Edinburgh Antiquarian
Museum. Pop. 873. — The parish com-
prehends also Eagleshay, Weir, and
Enhallow islands, and two pastoral islets,
and is so little intersected by the sea as to
measure only about 6 \ miles by 5. Beal
property in 1880-81, £3773. Pop. 1118.
An Established church is in Eagleshay ;
and 2 old public schools for 113 scholars,
and 3 new ones for 141, are in the parish.

ROUSHOLM, bay and bold high head-
land on south of Stronsay Island, Orkney.

ROUTDON, burn in Largs parish, Ayr-
shire.

ROUTING-BRIDGE, place on Old Water
rivulet, at romantic chasm and cascade,
in Kirkpatrick-Irongray parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

ROUTING-WELL, deep shaft through
rocks, emitting rumbling noise at high
wind, in vicinity of Musselburgh, Edin-
burghshire.

ROVA, headland in north-east of Ting-
wall parish, Shetland.

ROW, village and parish on west border
of Dumbartonshire. The village stands
on north side of Gareloch, 2j miles north-
west of Helensburgh ; is environed by
charming scenery of water, wood, and
villas j and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under

ROW

396

ROX

Helensburgh, a steamboat pier, a beauti-
ful towered parochial church of 1850, a
cemetery with grave and monument of
Henry Bell, and a public school with about
83 scholars. Pop. 516. — The parish con-
tains also Helensburgh town and most of
Garelochhead village, measures 9 miles
by 5, and comprises 20,126 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £79,855. Pop. , quoad
civilia, 10,097 ; quoad sacra, 1725. A belt
of low shore and contiguous slope extends
along all Gareloch from Helensburgh to
Garelochhead, is thickly studded with
mansions and villas, and has rich embel-
lishment of wood and culture ; a hill-
range, with altitudes of from 667 to 1183
feet above sea-level, extends immediately
behind, and abuts on Loch Long ; another
range, with altitudes of from 1630 to
2092 feet, extends parallel to that, has its
watershed, along the northern boundary,
and also abuts on Loch Long ; and Glen-
fruin, contracting gradually from strath
to narrowness, lies between the two ranges.
Chief seats are Ardincaple, Shandon
Lodge, and West Shandon ; and chief
antiquities are vestiges of Shandon and
Faslane castles. Eight churches are in
Helensburgh, 2 are in Garelochhead, and
1 is at Shandon. Fourteen schools for
2132 scholars are in the parish, and 2 of
them for 230 are new.

ROW, high natural arch in peninsular
crag on Sandwick coast, Orkney.

ROWADILL, sea-loch and peninsula at
south-eastern extremity of Harris, Outer
Hebrides. A ruined church stands on the
peninsula ; belonged to an ancient monas-
tery on site of a Culdee cell ; and was used
for some time as a parochial church.

ROWALLAN, ancient castle, 1^ mile
north-east of Kilmaurs, Ayrshire.

ROWANBURN, brook and village in
Canonbie parish, Dumfriesshire. Pop. 407.

ROWARDENNAN, hotel on east side of
Loch Lomond and south skirt of Ben-
lomond, Stirlingshire. It is the best and
ordinary starting-point for ascending
Benlomond.

ROWCHESTER, seat in Greenlaw parish,
Berwickshire.

ROXBURGH, village and parish in north
of Boxburghshire. The village stands \
mile west of the Teviot, and 3J miles by
road, but 4 by railway, south-south-west
of Kelso ; was long a considerable town,
dating from about the time of David I. ;
adjoins a ruined old tower bearing vari-
ously the names of Roxburgh, Wallace,
and Sunlaws ; gives the titles of earl and
duke to the family of Kerr ; is now a small
place with rural aspect ; and has a post
office designated of Roxburghshire, a rail-
way station, a parochial church with about
500 sittings, and a public school with about
104 scholars. — The parish contains also
Heiton village, measures about 8 miles
by 5, and comprises 7781 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £16,499. Pop. 1012.
The Tweed forms part of the northern

boundary, and the Teviot crosses the
interior, and is here spanned by a lofty
fourteen -arched railway viaduct. A
moorish hill is in the south-west, but the
rest of the surface declines chiefly to the
rivers, and is prevailingly low, undulated,
and fertile. The seats are Sunlaws and
Fairnington ; curious objects are several
old artificial caves overlooking the Teviot ;
and the chief antiquity is the ruin of
Roxburgh Castle. There are 3 schools
with capacity for 248 scholars.

ROXBURGH (OLD), quondam town on
northern verge of Roxburgh parish,
Roxburghshire. It stood on the peninsula
between the Tweed and the Teviot,
opposite original town of Kelso ; was one
of the early four burghs of Scotland, and
long a provincial capital ; had such
prosperity in time of David I. as to
originate Roxburgh town, 2 miles to the
south -south-west, by overflow of its
population ; possessed a great castle, a
royal mint, and large ecclesiastical and
commercial establishments ; figured much
and suffered severely in wars of the
Succession and other military conflicts ;
underwent utter desolation in 1369 and
1460 ; passed under ban of the Scottish
Government on account of entanglement
with the English ; and is now represented
by only a fragment of its castle. That
structure stood on a tabular rock about
40 feet high at its upper extremity ; may
have been erected by the Northumbrian
Saxons; became, by enlargement, both a
fortress of the Scottish kingdom and a
palace of the Scottish kings ; went re-
peatedly, by capture, into possession of the
English ; sustained a vigorous siege by
James II. of Scotland at the cost of his
life ; was then taken by the Scotch, and
dismantled, that it might not again serve
the English ; underwent reconstruction
into a barrack by the Duke of Somerset
in 1547 ; and now consists of only ruined
portions of walls covered with trees.

ROXBURGHSHIRE, inland county be-
tween Berwickshire and Dumfriesshire,
on Scottish border. Its length is 41 miles ;
its greatest breadth 29 miles ; its circuit
about 140 miles ; its area 670 square miles.
Its boundary in most of the east, in most
of the south-east, and in nearly all the
south-west, is mostly lofty mountain
watershed ; over an aggregate of about 7
miles in the north is the Tweed ; in other
parts is mostly artificial and extensively
capricious. A small section in the north-
west, between the Gala and the Leader,
consists of pastoral hills intersected by one
vale, and flanked by parts of two others.
Another small section on north side of the
Tweed is part of the champaign of the
Merse. A larger section, in the extreme
south, is Liddesdale, chiefly moorish up-
land, mainly bounded by lofty watersheds.
The rest of the area, comprising fully
three-fourths of the whole, consists princi-
pally of the basin of the Teviot ; gives some

ROY

397

RUM

times the name of Teviotdale to the whole
county ; includes Eildon Hills in the north-
west, Minto Hills in the west centre, and
Ruberslaw, Dunian, and Bonchester Hills
farther south ; is bisected from south-west
to north-east by the Teviot's vale, com-
mencing in narrow glen, widening into
considerable strath, and flattening and
expanding into champaign ; and rises
thence, partly in upper portion of the left
side, principally with increasing breadth
on the ri-;ht side, through much diversity
and pic;uresqueness of feature, to a
boundary line of watershed, first along
a range of the Southern Highlands, next
along a central line of the Cheviots, with
multitudes of summits upwards of 1500
feet high, to a culminating one 2668 feet
high. The chief streams are the Liddel
in the south passing into England, the
Tweed in the north, the Teviot along the
centre, and such numerous and brilliant
affluents of the Tweed and the Teviot as
give great beauty to the landscape. The
lakes are numerous, but all small. The
rocks possess much interest for geologists,
but have small amount of economical
value. Agriculture in both its arable and
its pastoral departments is advanced and
skilful. The woollen manufactures flourish
in Hawick, Jedburgh, and Galashiels ;
and other manufactures are considerable,
both in these towns and in other places.
The towns with each more than 4000
inhabitants are Hawick, Kelso, and part
of Galashiels ; one with upwards of 3000
is Jedburgh ; one with upwards of 1000
is Melrose ; and the villages with each
more than 300 amount to 12. The terri-
tory belonged to the Caledonian Gadeni
and Ottadini ; was included by the Eomans
in their Valentia ; formed part of the
Saxon Northumbria ; figured much in the
movements of the Culdees, and in all
stages of the Border wars ; and has nume-
rous Caledonian and Roman remains,
numerous Border peels and castles, and
fine abbey ruins at Melrose, Jedburgh, and
Kelso. Real property in 1880-81, £429,916.
Pop. in 1871, 49,407 ; in 1881, 53,445.

ROY, rivulet, running 16 miles south-
westward to the Spean, in Inverness-shire.
See Glenkoy.

ROY'S CAIRN, mountain summit, with
extensive view, in Knockando parish,
Elginshire.

ROZELLE, seat near Ayr.

RU. See Rhu.

RUBERSLAW, rugged peaked mountain,
1392 feet high, overhanging vale of the
Teviot near Denholm, Roxburghshire.

RUBISLAW, village, factories, and fine
granite quarries in Old Machar parish,
Aberdeenshire. The village has a post
office under Aberdeen, and a quoad sacra
parochial church. Pop. of quoad sacra
parish, 3194.

RUCHAZIE, place, with public school,
in Shettleston parish, south-eastern out-
skirts of Glasgow.

RUCHILL, rivulet, running about 13
miles to right side of the Earn at Comrie,
Perthshire.

RUCHILL, woodlands in East Barony,
Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

RUCHLAW, ancient seat in Whittingham
parish, Haddingtonshire.

RUDE, spring, beneath curious circular
stone building, near Stenton village, Had-
dingtonshire.

RUEL, rivulet, running 10 miles south-
ward to head of Loch Riddan, in Cowal,
Argyleshire.

RUEVAL, sound between North Uist
and Benbecula, Outer Hebrides. It
measures about 9 miles in length and 3
in mean breadth, but is so studded with
islands and islets as to be a labyrinth of
land and water.

RUGGY, hill, with site of annual mar-
ket, 7^ miles south-by-east of Thurso,
Caithness.

RUGH, hill in Kilsyth parish, Stirling-
shire.

RUGLEN. See Rutherglen.

RUISKY, old forest around Mealfour-
vounie Mountain, on north-west side of
Loch Ness, Inverness-shire.

RULE, rivulet, running about 14 miles
northward to the Teviot at 2 miles north-
east of Denholm, Roxburghshire.

RULLION GREEN, scene of defeat of the
Covenanters in 1666, with monument to
those of them who fell there, 2 miles
north-west of Penicuick, Edinburghshire.

RUM, island of Inner Hebrides, 16 miles
north-by-west of Ardnamurchan Point,
Argyleshire. It measures 8 miles by 7,
consists chiefly of trap rocks, has rough
dangerous shores, rises in many parts
abruptly from the sea, and is mostly a
wild mass of mountains, culminating at
an altitude of 2667 feet above sea-level.
Pop. 89.

RUMBLETON, estate in Gordon parish,
Berwickshire.

RUMBLING-BRIDGE, place on Devon
river, 4^ miles east-north-east of Dollar,
Clackmannanshire. It adjoins romantic
falls in the river ; includes a chasm spanned
by two bridges at heights of respectively 80
and 120 feet above the stream ; and has a
post office designated of Clackmannanshire,
a railway station, and a hotel.

RUMBLING-BRIDGE, place, with fearful
chasm traversed by wild cataracts of river
Bran, and spanned by a single arch, 2.j
miles west-south-west of Dunkeld, Perth-
shire.

RUMBLING BURN, brook, tracing
mutual boundary of Monkton and Dun-
donald parishes, Ayrshire.

RUMBLING WELL, chalybeate spring,
formerly an object of superstitious regard,
in Buittle parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

RUMFORD, village adjacent to Craigs,
Stirlingshire.

RUMFORD, colliery adjacent to Old
Rome village, in Dundonald parish, Ayr-
shire.

RUM

398

RUT

RUMLIE, burn in Leochel parish, Aber-
deenshire.

RUMSDALE, tract in south of Halkirk
parish, Caithness.

RUNABRARIN, headland, 13 miles north-
by-east of Portree, Isle of Skye.

RUNABRECK, large dangerous shoal, 2\
miles west of North Ronaldshay, Orkney.

RUNAGALL, headland on Sound of
Mull, Argyleshire. It has a lighthouse
showing fixed red light toward the sea,
green toward Stirks Rocks, and white
toward Sound of Mull, visible at distance
of 12 nautical miles.

RUNAHAVRINE, headland on west
coast of Kintyre, opposite north end of
Gigha Island, Argyleshire.

RUNALEAC, headland in south-east of
Raasay Island, Inverness-shire.

RUSCO, modern seat and old baronial
tower, the latter once a residence of Vis-
counts Kenmure, in Anwoth parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

RUSDALE, pastoral strath in Rosskeen
parish, Ross-shire.

RUSKIE, village and lake in Port-of-
Monteith parish, Perthshire. The village
has a post office under Stirling, and a
public school with about 58 scholars ; and
the lake has an islet with ruins of ancient
mansion.

RUSSNESS, hill in Sandsting parish,
Shetland.

RUTHERFORD, village and ancient
parish in north of Roxburghshire. The
village stands adjacent to the Tweed, 5§
miles west-south-west of Kelso, has a rail-
way station, and adjoins the ancient camp
of Ringlyhall. — The parish is now united
to Maxton.

RUTHERFORD, place, with medicinal
spring, in Linton parish, Peeblesshire.

RUTHERGLEN, town and parish in
lower ward of Lanarkshire. The town
stands, adjacent to the Clyde, 2 miles
east - south - east of Glasgow ; figures
obscurely in ^ery early tradition ; rivalled
or excelled pristine Glasgow in both size
and importance ; had an ancient strong
military castle, and shared through that
in the wars of the Succession; had also
an ancient church, notable in the history
of Sir William "Wallace ; presents now
an appearance little accordant with its
ancient consequence ; is practically a
manufacturing suburb of Glasgow, but
unites with Renfrew, Port - Glasgow,
Dumbarton, and Kilmarnock in sending
a member to Parliament ; publishes a
weekly newspaper; and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Glasgow, a railway station,
2 banking offices, a conspicuously and
curiously towered modern town hall, a
masonic hall of 1876, 2 Established
churches, 2 Free churches, a United
Presbyterian church, a Roman Catholic
church, and 2 large public schools. Real
property in 1880 - 81, £34,468. Pop.
11,265. — The parish contains also small

part of Cambuslang town, measures about
3 miles by Lj, and comprises 2151 acres.
Real property of landward part in 1880-81,
£21,720. Pop. of the whole, quoad civilia,
13,801; quoad sacra, 10,900. The part
adjacent to the Clyde is low, level, and
very fertile ; and the rest rises in pleasantly
diversified surface to skirts of Cathkin
Hills, and is all arable. Coal and iron-
stone abound, and are largely worked.
The mansions are numerous ; and the
chief antiquities are remains of a tumulus
and site of a remarkable sculptured cross.
There are 5 schools for 1329 scholars, and
2 of them and an enlargement for 770 are
new.

RUTHERGLEN (WEST), quoad sacra
parish, with church in Rutherglen. Pop.
2901.

RUTHERHOUSE, seat near Rutherglen,
Lanarkshire.

RUTHERLAW, one of the Moorfoot
Hills, 1249 feet high, adjacent to source
of Heriot river, on south-east border of
Edinburghshire.

RUTHIGOE, rocky -sided small bay in
north of Wick parish, Caithness.

RUTHRIE, romantic cascade on Aber-
lour burn about a mile south-east of Aber-
lour village, Banffshire.

RUTHRIESTON, village, 2 miles west-
south-west of Aberdeen. It has a railway
station, a recent chapel-of-ease, a Free
church of 1876, and a public school with
about 127 scholars.

RUTHVEN, parish on west border of
Forfarshire, averagely 2f miles north of
Meigle. It has a post office of its own
name under Meigle, contains 4 hamlets,
measures about 2 miles by 2, and comprises
2049 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£2593. Pop. 195. The surface is
bisected by the Isla, and makes a gentle
slope toward the south. Chief objects are
Ruthven House and the site of Ruthven
Castle, the latter once belonging to the
Earls of Crawford. The public school
has about 60 scholars.

RUTHVEN, rivulet, running 7 miles
north-north-eastward to the Earn at 2f
miles east-north-east of Kinkell, Perth-
shire.

RUTHVEN, eminence on right side of
the Spey, opposite Kingussie, Inverness-
shire. It had anciently a strong castle of
the Comyns, has now the ruin of a govern-
ment barrack, destroyed by the rebels in
1746, and commands an extensive view.

RUTHVEN, lake in Glenfarigag, Inver-
xiGss~sliirG

RUTHVEN, place, 7 miles from Huntly,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Huntly.

RUTHVEN, or RUTHVENFIELD, village,
2^ miles north-west of Perth. It adjoins
Huntingtower, formerly called Ruthven
Castle, the scene of the remarkable event
known as Raid of Ruthven; it gives the
peerage title of baron to the noble family
of Ruthven ; and it has an extensive

RUT

399

SAL

printfield. The seats Euthvenfield and
Ruthvenhill are in the vicinity.

RUTHWELL, village and parish on coast
of Dumfriesshire. The village stands 8^
miles south-east of Dumfries, dates from
ancient times, was rebuilt about beginning
of present century, and has a railway sta-
tion, Established and Free churches, a
public school with about 95 scholars, and
a famous Runic monument. — The parish
contains also Clarencefield post office vil-
lage, and the decayed small watering-place
of Brow. Its length is 5^ miles ; its
greatest breadth 3 miles ; its area 8693
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £7007.
Pop. 868. The surface adjoins the
broad foreshore of Solway Firth, includes
part of Lochar moss, and is all low and
tame. Chief objects are the Earl of
Mansfield's seat of Comlongan Castle,
and vestiges of Cockpool Castle.

RYAN, sea-loch, deflecting from Firth of
Clyde at boundary between Ayrshire and
Wigtonshire, and projecting 10 miles south-
by-eastward to Stranraer. Its northern
half has a mean breadth of about 1^ mile,
its southern half about 2J miles ; its west
side, at about the middle, is invaded south-
eastward by a sandbank 2^ miles long ; its
seaboards, except around the head, are
assemblages of knolls, hills, and hillocks ;
and its bottom, at and near all the head,
is dry at low-water. Lochryan House,
the seat of Sir William T. F. A. Wallace,
Bart., is near the middle of its west shore.

RYE, rivulet, running about 8 miles
south-eastward to the Garnock at Dairy,
Ayrshire.

RYEDALE, seat in Troqueer parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

RYLAY, pastoral islet in Walls parish,
Orkney.

SAARTAY, islet in Harris Sound, Outer
Hebrides.

SAATVEN, rivulet in south of Isle of
Skye.

SABBATH WELL, medicinal spring in
Knockando parish, Elginshire.

SABHALMORE, lofty mountain in
Edderachyllis parish, Sutherland.

SADDELL, parish, containing Carradale
post office hamlet, in Kintyre district,
Argyleshire. It forms the eastern part of
the peninsula from about 3 miles south of
Tarbert to about 8 miles north of Camp-
belton, and comprises 46,872 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £8601. Pop., quoad
civilia, 1156; quoad sacra, 684. The
coast and seaboard both include and
command delightful scenery, and the
interior is chiefly an assemblage of hills
with intersecting vales, but ascends to the
summit of Beninturk Mountain. Princi-
pal objects of interest are four mansions, a
Caledonian stone circle, several tumuli, a
vitrified fort, Aird Castle, Skipness Castle,
Saddell Castle, once a seat of the Lords of
the Isles, and Saddell monastery, erected

in 12th century by two of the Lords of the
Isles, and now represented by interesting
remains of its church, and by many inter-
esting monuments in its cemetery. Two
parochial churches are at respectively
Carradale and Skipness. There are 5
schools for 227 scholars, and 2 of them for
78 are new.

SADDLEBACK, steep lofty hill, with
saddle-shaped summit, 6 miles north-
north-east of Moffat, Dumfriesshire.

SADDLEHAGG, hill in New Cumnock
parish, Ayrshire.

SAIGTOWN, town of 12th century, now
called Kilwinning, Ayrshire.

SAINT ANDREWS, etc. See Andkews
(St.), etc.

SAINT'S ISLAND. See Ellan-na-
Naoimh.

SAINT'S WELL, very deep and copious
spring in St. Mungo parish, Dumfries-
shire.

SAINT'S WELL, very strong chalybeate
spring in Fodderty parish, Ross-shire.

SALACHIE, lake in Golspie parish,
Sutherland.

SALANSIDE, tract, with vestige of very
strong tower, in Ashkirk parish, Roxburgh-
shire.

SALEN, village and quoad sacra parish
on north-east coast of Mull Island, Argyle-
shire. The village stands on bay of its
own name, 10 miles south-south-east of
Tobermory, commands the road across the
isthmus to head of Loch-na-Keal, and has
a post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, designated of Argyle-
shire, a banking office, an inn, Estab-
lished and Episcopalian churches, and a
new public school with capacity for 120
scholars. — The parish comprises portions
of Torosay and Kiminian. Pop. 594.

SALIGUE, bay, 10 miles north of
Rhinns, in Islay Island, Argyleshire.

SALINE, village and parish on west
border of Fife. The village stands 6 miles
west-north-west of Dunfermline, presents
a pleasant appearance, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Dunfermline, Estab-
lished and Free churches, and a new public
school with capacity for 180 scholars.
Pop. 369. — The parish measures 6^ miles
by 4i, and comprises 8189 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £8482. Pop. 954.
The western section is mostly level, and
the eastern one is mainly occupied by a
group of considerable hills. The seats are
Kineddar, Inzievar, Hillside, Bandrum,
Balgonar, Kirklands, Rhynds, and Oakley ;
and the antiquities are some cairns, ves-
tiges of two Roman camps, and remains of
two old towers.

SALISBURY CRAG, hill in Queen's
Park contiguous to south - east verge of
Edinburgh. It is separated by the dingle
of Hunter's Bog from west base of Arthur's
Seat ; it ascends westward in regular
gradient, over a distance of about 700
yards, to a height of 574 feet above sea-

SAL

400

SAN

level ; it then makes a semicircular sweep
of about 5 furlongs in diameter, with con-
vexity to the west ; it then makes a crest
of sheer rocky precipice, averagely about
60 feet deep, round all the semicircle ;
it then has a broad artificial foot-path
contiguous to that crest ; and it thence
descends in smooth and very declivitous
talus to the great western curve of the
Queen's Drive.

SALLACHAN, bay and headland at
junction of Loch Linnhe and Loch Eil,
Argyleshire.

SALLOCH. See Glensalloch.

SALLYSBURGH, or SALSBURGH, vil-
lage in Old Monkland parish, Lanarkshire.
It has a post office under Holytown.
Pop. 576.

SALMON LEAP, cascade on Kale rivulet,
in Hounam parish, Roxburghshire.

SALMORE, mountain, 2498 feet high,
8 miles south-west of Ullapool, Ross-shire.

SALTBURN, village in Rosskeen parish,
Ross-shire. It has a public school with
about 55 scholars. Pop. 302.

SALTCOATS, coast town, nominally 1 mile
east-south-east of Ardrossan. Ayrshire. It
got its name from salt-works erected in
time of James v. ; fluctuated till modern
times in diversity of manufacture and
commerce ; shares now in the business and
sea-bathing attractions of Ardrossan ; and
has a head post office with all departments,
a railway station, 2 banking offices, 2 Estab-
lished churches, 2 Free churches, 2 United
Presbyterian churches, an Evangelical
Union church, a Roman Catholic church,
and a large public school. Pop. 5096.

SALTCOATS, estate, with ruined old
mansion, in Dirleton parish, Haddington-
shire.

SALTERNESS. See Southeeness.

SALT GREENS, large tidal lake at mouth
of Tyne river, Haddingtonshire.

SALTHOUSE, or SALTERS, headland
in southern vicinity of Peterhead, Aber-
deenshire.

S ALTON, two villages and a parish in
south - west of Haddingtonshire. The
villages are East Salton and West Salton,
and the latter stands about a mile west of
the former, and 6 miles south - west of
Haddington, and has a post office under
Pencaitland. — The parish measures about
4 miles by nearly 3, and comprises 3812
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £6405.
Pop. 575. The land rises gradually
from the north and the west, and some-
what abruptly from the south, into broad-
based tabular hill, and presents a pleasing
diversity of aspect. Limestone abounds
and is worked. The seats are Salton
Hall and Herdmanston ; and the anti-
quities are remains of a camp and of a
very old chapel. The parochial church
contains about 400 sittings ; there is a Free
church for Salton and Bolton ; and the
public school has about 92 scholars.

SALTPAN, creek, 7 miles west-north-
west of Stranraer, Wigtonshire.

SALTPANS, coast village, 5 miles west
of Campbelton, Argyleshire.

SALTPANS, coast cave, 4| miles south-
south-west of Kirkwall, Orkney.

SALT STONES, reef, 2 miles north of
Banff.

SAMPHREY, island, about 2£ miles
long, in south end of Yell Sound, Shet-
land.

SAMSON'S RIBS, lofty cliff, with
basaltic columns, at south base of Arthur's
Seat, in south-eastern vicinity of Edin-
burgh.

SAMUEL'S CAVE, cave in Glennevis, 8
miles east - south - east of Fort - "William,
Inverness-shire. It gave refuge to some
fugitives from battlefield of Culloden.

SAMUELSTON, village on the Tyne, 3£
miles south-west of Haddington. It has a
post office under Haddington.

SANCHAR. < See Sanquhar.

SAND, lake in Slains parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

SAND, lake in Dumfries parish, Dum-
friesshire.

SAND, small bay in Fetlar Island, Shet-
land.

SAND, bay, seat, and old church in
Sandsting parish, Shetland.

SANDA, island, 6 miles east-south-east
of Mull of Kintyre, Argyleshire. It
measures about \\ mile in length, \ mile
in breadth, and 300 feet in height ; is
partly engirt with cliffs ; exhibits in one of
these a very large natural arch ; was a
station of the Scandinavian fleets in the
times of the contest for the Hebrides ; has
vestiges of an ancient church, probably
on site of a Culdee cell; and is crowned
by a lighthouse showing a fixed red light
visible at a distance of 17 nautical miles.
Pop. 14.

SANDAY, island, contiguous to Canna,
Inner Hebrides, Argyleshire. It is united
to Canna at low-water, extends thence
eastward If mile, rises from Sanday beach
into gentle elevations, and terminates in
cliffs.

SANDAY, island in centre of North
Isles group, Orkney. It comprises five
peninsulas radiating from a centre, and
measures about 13 miles in length, but has
an area of not more than about 19 square
miles; and, excepting a hillocky ridge on
its west side, it is all remarkably low and
flat. It includes several spacious har-
bours ; terminates on the north-east in
Start Point with lighthouse ; is divided
into Lady parish and the united parish of
Cross and Burness ; has a post office, with
money order department, under Kirkwall,
and a good inn ; and contains 2 Established
churches, a Free church, a United Pres-
byterian church, 5 public schools with
accommodation for 450 scholars, Tresness
mansion, upwards of 20 vitrified cairns,
remains of several Scandinavian dunes,
and ruins of 1 or 2 ancient chapels. Real
property in 1880-81, £6023. Pop. 2075.

SANDBANK, village on south side of

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401

SAN

Holy Loch, opposite Kilmun, Argyleshire.
It is a sea-bathing resort, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Greenock, a quoad
sacra parochial church, and a Free church.
Pop. of quoad sacra parish, 570.

SANDEEL, or SANDY, small bay, with
rocky side and cave, in Portpatrick parish,
Wigtonshire.

SANDEND, fishing village, 2| miles
west-north-west of Portsoy, Banffshire.
It has a public school with about 65
scholars. Pop. 256.

SANDERA, island, 3£ miles south-west
of Barra, Outer Hebrides. It measures
about 1^ mile each way, and consists
chiefly of one pretty lofty hill. Pop. 10.

SANDFIOLD, low sandy hill in Sand-
wick parish, Orkney.

SANDFORD, village in Stonehouse
parish, Lanarkshire.

SANDFORD, bay, with flat sandy shore,
in Peterhead parish, Aberdeenshire.

SANDHAVEN, fishing village, mile
west of Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire. It
has a post office under Fraserburgh, a pier,
and a Free church of 1881. Pop. 308.

SANDHEAD, fishing village on east
coast of Stoneykirk parish, Wigtonshire.
It has a post office designated of Wigton-
shire, and a pretty good natural harbour.

SANDHILLS, extensive sandy waste on
seaboard of Stevenston parish, Ayrshire.

SANDHILLS, Elginshire. See Culbin.

SANDHOLM, place, with public school,
in Applegarth parish, Dumfriesshire.

SANDILANDS, place, 3| miles south-
south- west of Lanark. It has a post office
under Lanark and a railway station.

SANDINCH, quondam island, now part
of mainland, near Renfrew Ferry, Renfrew-
shire.

SANDNESS, headland and district in
west of Shetland. The headland flanks
south side of Papa Sound leading into
St. Magnus Bay ; and the district includes
the headland, forms a mainland part of
Walls parish, and has a post office under
Lerwick.

SANDS, spacious bay forming northern
extremity of Cromarty Firth. It has a
water-depth of 8 feet at spring tides, but
is dry at low- water; and it affords large
supply of shell-fish and flounders.

SANDS, seat some distance from
Kincardine-on-Forth.

SANDSIDE, bay and seat, 9| miles west-
south-west of Thurso, Caithness.

SANDSOUND, bay, winding about 5J
miles northward, in Sandsting parish,
Shetland.

SANDSTING, parish, containing Garder-
house post office hamlet, in west of
Shetland. It includes Venentry and Little
Papa islands in south side of St. Magnus
Bay, and comprehends a mainland district
of about 10 miles by 8 between that bay
and Scalloway Bay. Real property in
1880-81, £2445. Pop. 2702. The coast
is partly bold and cavernous ; the sea-

board is cut into sections by long bays ;
and the interior is mostly an assemblage
of knolls and hillocks, with profusion of
heath and interspersions of moss. The
seats are Sandhouse, Garder, and Rea-
wick ; and the antiquities are standing-
stones, tumuli, Scandinavian dunes, and
old burying-grounds. The churches are
Established, Congregational, and Baptist.
There are 10 schools for 589 scholars, and
7 of them for 482 are new.

SANDWICK, parish on west coast of
Pomona, Orkney. It commences 4 miles
north of Stromness, has a post office under
that town, and measures 6 miles by 4|.
Real property in 1880-81, £3475. Pop.
1198. The coast, except at a small
sandy bay, consists of cavernoixs cliffs
from 100 to 200 feet high, includes a lofty
natural arch, and is much flanked by
insulated pillar-rocks. The interior is
much diversified, and comprises both a
large aggregate of flat arable land, and a
considerable extent of hilly ground, partly
more than 300 feet high. The chief
residence is Breckness, and chief anti-
quities are numerous tumuli, a vitrified
cairn, a remarkable cromlech, a remnant
of very large Caledonian stone circle, five
Scandinavian dunes, and ruins of Sunsgar
Castle. The churches are Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian. There
are 3 schools for 190 scholars, and 1 of
them for 190 is new.

SANDWICK, quoad sacra parish in south
of Shetland. It lies averagely 13 miles
south-by- west of Lerwick, has a post office
under that town, and belongs quoad
civilia to Dunrossness ; and it has a
parochial church with 564 sittings, a
Congregational church, and a public school
with about 72 scholars. Pop. 230S.

SANDWICK, ancient parish, now form-
ing part of Borgue, Kirkcudbrightshire.

SANDWICK, two villages, Sandwick Hill
and Lower Sandwick, near Stornoway,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 370 and 155.
_ SANDWOOD, small bay, receiving
rivulet from lake 6 miles south-by -west of
Cape Wrath, in Sutherland.

SANDY, islet adjacent to Canna, Inner
Hebrides.

SANDY, small rocky-sided sea-inlet in
Wick parish, Caithness.

SANDY, Wigtonshire. See Sandeel.

SANDYDEAN, suburb of Bonnyrigg,
Edinburghshire .

SANDYFORD, quoad sacra parish, com-
prising handsome new suburb, in west of
Glasgow. Pop. 9299.

SANDYFORD, burn in Muiravonside
parish, Stirlingshire.

SANDYHILLS, village, 5 miles east of
Glasgow.

SANDYHOLES, suburb of Shettleston,

SANDYKNOWE, farm, 6£ miles east of
Melrose, Roxburghshire. Sir Walter
Scott spent on it part of his boyhood,
and took impressions from it which

2 c

SAN

402

SAX

afterwards appeared in his Marmion and
his Eve of St. John. See Smailholm.

SANEG, reach of cavernous coast in
north-west of Islay Island, Argyllshire.

SANNES. See Sandness.
SANNOX, stupendous glen, two burns,
and small seaport in north-east of Arran
Island, Buteshire. See Glensannox.

SANQUHAR, town and parish in Upper
Nithsdale, Dumfriesshire. The town
stands on the Nith, 26J miles north-north-
west of Dumfries ; sprang from an ancient
strong historical castle ; is notable for the
* Sanquhar Declaration' promulgated at
it in 1680 by the extreme Covenanters ;
figures in a poem of Burns as 4 Black Joan
frae Crichton Peel ; ' was constituted a
royal burgh at request of Robert Crichton,
lord of Sanquhar, in 1598 ; unites with
Dumfries, Annan, Lochmaben, and Kirk-
cudbright in sending a member to Parlia-
ment ; consists chiefly of a single street ;
retains a picturesque ruin of its ancient
castle ; and has a post office with all depart-
ments designated of Dumfriesshire, a rail-
way station, 2 banking offices, a hotel, a
towered town hall, a handsome towered
Established church, 2 United Presbyterian
churches, Free, Evangelical Union, and
Baptist churches, a large public school,
and the Crichton school. Real property in
1880-81, £3657. Pop. 1339.— The parish
contains also "Wanlockhead and Crawick-
mill villages, measures 18 miles by 5, and
comprises 40,846 acres. Real property of
landward part in 1880-81, £14,868. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 3109; quoad sacra, 2255.
The Nith, in south-eastward course, cuts
the area into two nearly equal sections ;
numerous burns subdivide each of the
sections to the Nith ; lofty watersheds of
the Southern Highlands, with culminating
summits 2403 and 2298 feet high, form
the eastern and the western boundaries ;
and a narrow strath along the Nith, glens
along the burns, and a dense diversity of
hill and mountain, form all the interior.
Coal, limestone, sandstone, and lead-ores
are worked. Elliock House, the birthplace
of the Admirable Crichton, is a chief resid-
ence. Established and Free churches are at
Wanlockhead ; and 4 schools, with accom-
modation for 650 scholars, are in the parish.

SANQUHAR, seat about a mile south of
Forres, Elginshire.

SANQUHAR, ancient parish, now called
St. Quivox, in Ayrshire.

SARCLET, fishing village, 4| miles south-
by-west of Wick, Caithness. Pop. 290.

SARK, rivulet, running southward about
5 miles on east border of Dumfriesshire,
and 6 miles along boundary with England
to head of Solway Firth.

SARK (BLACK), affluent of the Sark in
Dumfriesshire.

SARKFOOT, small seaport village at
mouth of the Sark, 8J miles east of Annan,
Dumfriesshire.

SARKSHIELDS, place in Kirkpatrick-
Fleming parish, Dumfriesshire.

SASSEN, burn in Fortingal parish,
Perthshire.

SATURNESS. See Southerness.

SAUCHEN, place in Cluny parish, Aber-
deenshire. It has a banking office.

SAUCHENFORD, place in St. Ninians
parish, Stirlingshire.

SAUCHENLOAN, place, with medicinal
spring, in Culsalmond parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

SAUCHENSIDE, village in Cranston
parish, Edinburghshire.

SAUCHER, village in Collace parish,
Perthshire.

SAUCHIE, village, 1| mile north-east of
Alloa, Clackmannanshire. It has a post
office under Alloa, a railway station, and
a quoad sacra parochial church. Pop. of
village, 875 ; of quoad sacra parish, 2935.

SAUCHIE, seat, and battlefield of 1488,
in St. Ninians parish, Stirlingshire.

SAUCHIE, burn in Kinglassie parish, Fife.

SAUCHIEBOG, section of Cambuslang
town, Lanarkshire.

SAUCHIEBURN, place in Marykirk par-
ish, Kincardineshire.

SAUCHIEHALL, quondam narrow rural
road, now well-built spacious long street
in north-west of Glasgow.

SAUCHIE (NEW). See New Sauchie.

SAUCHRIE, ruined ancient castle in
Maybole parish, Ayrshire.

SAUCHUR, bay and bold headland in
Elie parish, Fife.

SAUGHS (WATER OF), head-stream of
North Esk river, Forfarshire.

SAUGHTON, seat, \ mile south-west of
Cramond-Bridge, Edinburghshire.

SAULSEAT, lake, quondam abbey, and
ancient parish in Wigtonshire. The lake
lies 3 miles south-east of Stranraer,
measures about a mile in horse-shoe form,
and has finely-wooded shores. — The abbey
stood within the lake's curve, was founded
in 12th century, and is now represented
by only fragments of its walls and curious
monuments in its cemetery. — The parish
is now part of Inch.

SAVALMORE. See Sabhalmore.

SAVILLE, seat on west side of Sanday
Island, Orkney.

SAVOCH, quoad sacra parish, comprising
portions of Old Deer, New Deer, Ellon,
and Tarves, in Aberdeenshire. Its post
town is Ellon ; its churches are Estab-
lished and United Presbyterian ; and its
public schools are 2, with about 124
scholars. Pop. 1981.

SAVOCH, burn, running north-eastward
to Loch Strathbeg at 6 miles south-east
of Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire.

SAVSKAL, bay in north of Rousay
Island, Orkney.

SAXAFORTH, conspicuous hill on north
coast of Unst Island, Shetland. It is
pierced through the base by a wide, long
natural tunnel ; it rises boldly from the
sea to height of 938 feet ; and it serves as
a landmark to mariners at distances of
very many miles.

SAX

403

SCA

SAXON, place, with sites of five ancient
fortalices, in Dunsyre parish, Lanark-
shire.

SAXONIA, territory of the three Lothians
in times of Saxon Northumbria.

SAYRS, one of the Lammermoor Hills,
1531 feet high, 3| miles east of Lammer-
law, on mutual border of Haddingtonshire
and Berwickshire.

SCADDENS, lake in Avoch parish, Ross-
shire.

SCALLOP, basaltic cave, 30 feet high
and 130 feet long, in Staffa, Argyle-
shire.

SCALLOWAY, village, castle, and bay
in south-west of Shetland. The village
stands on the bay, 6 miles west-south-west
of Lerwick, was anciently the capital of
Shetland, presents now a pleasant modern
appearance, and has a post office under
Lerwick, a good natural harbour, and
Established, Congregational, and Baptist
churches. Pop. 752. — The castle stands
east of the village and above it ; was
erected in 1600 by Patrick, Earl of
Orkney; and is now a mere shell, quad-
rangular, and 3 storeys high. — The bay, in
one sense, opens between Skeldaness and
Burra Island, measures 6^ miles across
the entrance, penetrates 7 miles eastward
and north-eastward, and sends off a
number of long narrow voes ; but, in
another sense, opens between Skeldaness
and Fitful Head, measures 18 miles across
the entrance, and includes the sounds
between Burra and Mainland.

SCALFA, island and sound in Skye
district, Inverness-shire; The island lies
near south-east extremity of Raasay and of
Broadford part of Skye; measures 4J miles
in length and 2f miles in breadth ; consists
chiefly of one verdant mountain, with
rounded outline and uneven summit ; and
has vestiges of an ancient chapel on site
of a Culdee cell. Pop. 540. — The sound
separates it from Skye; has in many
parts a width of not more than \ mile ; is
a great centre or rendezvous of herring-
fishery ; and yields large quantities of
bluish and blackish coloured oysters.

SCALP A, island in mouth of East Loch
Tarbert, Harris, Outer Hebrides. It
measures about 3 miles by If ; is cut into
numerous small peninsulas ; includes 2
very good natural harbours ; is mostly
low and heathy ; and adjoins an islet with
lighthouse showing fixed light visible at
the distance of 16 nautical miles. Pop. 37.

SCALPA-FLOW, expanse of sea between
Pentland Firth and Pomona, Orkney. It
measures 16 miles in length northward, 8
miles in mean breadth, and about 46 miles
in roughly-estimated circumference ; it is
bounded by South Ronaldshay, Burray,
and Holm on the east, and by Hoy on the
west ; it makes large expansion in the
north, and communicates there by Holm
Sound with the German Ocean, and by
Hoy Sound with the Atlantic ; it con-
tracts suddenly from that expansion into

narrow angular bay, terminating at 2 miles
south of Kirkwall ; it has there a steam-
boat pier for traffic to Kirkwall, com-
pleted in June 1880, and noticed in our
article on Kirkwall ; it embosoms Flotta,
Pharay, Rysay, Cava, Hunda, and other
islands ; and it projects from its sides and
into its islands a great number of sheltered
roadsteads and fine natural harbours.

SCALPSIE, bay on west coast of Bute
Island, 5 miles north - north - west of
Garroch Head, Buteshire.

SCAMMADALE, fine lake, 2 miles long,
7 miles south-south-east of Oban, Argyle-
shire.

SCAR, sandbank extending 1\ miles
south-eastward from middle of west side
of Loch Ryan, Wigtonshire.

SCAR, seat on west coast of Sanday
Island, Orkney.

SCARABEN, mountain, 2054 feet high,
4J miles north-west of Berriedale, Caith-
ness.

SCARBA, island, \\ mile north of Jura,
Argyleshire. It measures 3 miles by 2J ;
is mostly an oblong conoidal mountain,
1490 feet high ; rises picturesquely on the
east side in form of an amphitheatre ;
and falls precipitously to the sea on the
other sides, partly with cliffs several
hundred feet deep. The fearfully whirl-
ing tidal current of Corrievreckan scours
the strait between it and Jura ; and a
similar current, though not quite so
violent, scours a strait on the north
between it and Lunga. Pop. of the
island, 19.

SCARBH, hill in extreme north of Islay
Island, Argyleshire.

SCARES, sunken rocks, ranging far
into the sea, off Cruden coast, Aberdeen-
shire.

SCARES, two rocks, Big and Little,
within mouth of Luce Bay, Wigtonshire.

SCA RFSKERRY, landing-place and
headland on Pentland Firth, 3 miles west
of Dunnet Head, Caithness. The landing-
place has a post office under Thurso, and
a Baptist chapel.

SCARHILL, place, with limeworks, in
Cleish parish, Kinross-shire.

SCARINISH, harbour in north-east of
Tyree Island, Argyleshire.

SCARLAW, vestige of old castle in
Cranshaws parish, Berwickshire.

SCARMCLET, estate and lake in Bower
parish, Caithness.

SCARNOSE, bold headland on west side
of Cullen Bay, Banffshire.

SCARP, island in south side of mouth
of Loch Reasort, Harris, Outer Hebrides.
It measures about 3 miles by 2, and is
chiefly a hill nearly 1000 feet high. Pop. 213.

SCARR, rivulet, running about 15 miles
south-eastward to the Nith at 2£ miles
south-east of Penpont, Dumfriesshire.

SCARSBURGH, place, with fine, well-
preserved circular camp, and with site
of ancient chapel, in Jedburgh parish,
Roxburgh,

SCA

404

SCO

SCARSCOCH, mountain, 3402 feet high,
among Central Grampians, 13 miles
north-north-east of Blair-Athole, Perth-
shire.

SCARVAG, pastoral isle in Harris Sound,
Outer Hebrides.

SCATAVAGH, bay, 2£ miles long, on east
coast of Harris, Outer Hebrides.

SCATERIG, collier village on mutual
border of Govan and Renfrew parishes,
near Glasgow.

SCAT WELL, reach of Meag and Conan
valley, 10 miles west-south-west of Ding-
wall, Ross-shire.

SCAUR, coast village in Colvend parish,
Kirkc u dbrightshire.

SCAVAIG, sea-loch between Minginish
and Strathaird, on south coast of Isle of
Skye. It measures 4f miles in length,
and from 4 miles to li in width ; holds in
its mouth the cliff-bound rugged island
of Soa ; is flanked by bare, bold, fissured,
rocky hills; has, on its east side, a cave
which gave shelter to Prince Charles
Edward ; is sky-lined by the alpine spiry
summits of Cuchullin Mountains ; and as
a whole has a very impressive aspect.

SCAWDLAW, mountain, 2354 feet high,
5 miles south of Peebles.

SCHAW PARK, a seat of the Earl of
Mansfield in Clackmannan parish, Clack-
mannanshire.

SCHELL, one of the Cheviot Hills in
Morebattle parish, Roxburghshire.

SCHICHALLION, isolated mountain,
3547 feet high, on south side of the
Tummel, between Tummel-Bridge and
Loch Rannoch, Perthshire. It has a
lumpish form, but, as seen at a distance
from either east or west, looks to be a
regular cone ; and it is notable for
astronomical observations made on it in
1777 bv Dr. Maskelyne.

SCHIVAS, seat in Tarves parish,
Aberdeenshire.

SCHURROCH, hill-ridge, with remains of
Caledonian stone circle, in Kingoldrum
parish, Forfarshire.

SCIRACH, lake, 3| miles south-by-east
of Reay, Caithness.

SCIRRIVAL, headland at northern
extremity of Barra Island, Outer
Hebrides.

SCIULri-A-CHARRA, mountain in Bal-
nagown forest, Kincardine parish, Ross-
shire.

SCLANDERS, burn in south of Denny
parish, Stirlingshire.

SCLATTIE, village near Buxburn railway
station, Aberdeenshire. Pop. 374.

SCLATYGOE, small steep-sided sea-inlet
in Wick parish, Caithness.

SCOBBACH, seat in Turriff parish,
Aberdeenshire.

SCOLIESCROSS, place in Strachan
parish, Kincardineshire.

SCOLPET, farm, with great sea-cavern,
in North Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

SCOLTIE, hill, with delightful view, in
Strachan parish, Kincardineshire.

SCONCER. See Sconser.

SCONE, palace, quondam abbey, extinct
city, modern town, and parish in Perth-
shire. The palace stands near left side of
the Tay, 2 miles north of Perth, is the
chief seat of the Earl of Mansfield, was
erected in 1803-6, is a grand castellated
edifice with frontage of 240 feet, and
either covers or adjoins the site of an
ancient royal palace, the occasional
residence of many kings. — The abbey
stood adjacent to the royal palace,
covered the site of a Culdee cell, was
founded in 1114, contained the coronation-
stone previously in Dunstaffnage and now
in "Westminster Abbey, was long the
coronation place of the Scottish kings,
and, together with the royal palace, was
destroyed at the Reformation. — The
extinct city adjoined the abbey, was long
a place of great historical note, declined
to the condition of a hamlet, and is now
represented chiefly by a market-cross
within the Earl of Mansfield's pleasure-
grounds. — The modern town stands about
a mile to the east, bears the name of New
Scone, was mostly built since beginning
of present century, presents a pleasant
appearance, and has a post office with
money order department under Perth,
Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian churches, and a large public school.
Pop. 1483. — The parish contains also
Stormontfield village and a small part of
Perth burgh. Its length is about 4 miles ;
its greatest breadth about 3 miles ; its
area 7815 acres. Real property in 1880-81
of landward part, £14,059. Pop. of the
whole, 2347. The Tay traces all the western
boundary. The land rises gently from the
river towards the north-east and the east,
has pleasant diversity of surface, and
exhibits a richly cultured appearance. A
recent mansion is Bonhard, and the
antiquities include two Caledonian stone
circles, the line of a Roman road, and
vestiges of a large oblong camp. There
are 2 public schools for 362 scholars, and 1
of them for 311 is new.

SCONSER, hamlet and ferry-station on
south side of mouth of Loch Sligichan,
Isle of Skye.

SCOONIE, parish, containing Leven town,
on south coast of Fife. Its length is 3|
miles ; its greatest breadth 2f miles ; its
area 4091 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£16,909. Pop. 3730. The coast extends
1| mile east-north-eastward from mouth
of Leven river, and is flat and sandy. The
interior rises gently northward, is diversi-
fied with swells, and attains an elevation
of more than 600 feet. The seats are
Durie, Kilmux, and Montrive ; and the
chief antiquity is the site of extensive
sepulchral remains on supposed scene of
ancient battle between the Scotch and the
Danes. The churches are Established,
Free, United Presbyterian, and Episco-
palian. There are 4 schools for 565
scholars, and 1 of them for 239 i3 new.

SCO

405

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SCOONIEBURN, hamlet in Scoonie par-
ish, Fife.

SCORAIG, place, adjacent to vast hed of
bog iron-ore, in Lochbroom parish, Ross-
shire. It has a public school with about
78 scholars.

SCGRIDALE, place, with medicinal
spring, in Orphir parish, Orkney.

SCORRIEBRECK, farm, 4 miles north-
east of Portree, in Isle of Skye. It gave
shelter to Prince Charles Edward.

S C OTLAND WELL, village, f mile from
Loch Leven, and 5 miles south-east of
Milnathort, Kinross-shire. It adjoins
some notable springs, contains vestiges of
an ancient hospital called Fons-Scotiae,
and has a post office under Kinross.

SCOTSBURN, place, with public school,
in Logie-Easter parish, Ross-shire.

SCOTSCALDER, railway station, 18|
miles west of "Wick, Caithness.

SCOTSCRAIG, seat in western vicinity
of Tayport, Fife.

SCOTSDYKE, old ditch and embank-
ment, about 4 miles long, eastward from
Sark rivulet, on boundary between Scotland
and England.

SCOTSHOLE, ravine on the Tweed,
opposite Ringlyhall, in Maxton parish,
Roxburghshire.

SCOTSMILL, place, with public school,
in Tullynessle parish, Aberdeenshire.

SCOTSTARVIT, fine old tower, with
charming view, in south-eastern vicinity
of Cupar, Fife.

SCOTSTOWN, village in Renfrew parish,
Renfrewshire. Pop. 757.

SCOTSTOWN, seat on right bank of the
Clyde, 4^ miles north-west of Glasgow.

SCOTSTOWN, seat near Rutherglen,
Lanarkshire.

SCOTSTOWN, estate in Auchterhouse
parish, Forfarshire.

SCOTSTOWN, seat in northern vicinity
of Aberdeen.

SCOTSTOWN, headland, 3£ miles north
of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire.

SCOTS WAY, island in Harris parish,
Outer Hebrides.

SCOTTISH CENTRAL RAILWAY, rail-
way from two junction lines converging at
Larbert in Stirlingshire, going north-north-
westward thence through Stirling to Dun-
blane, and proceeding north-eastward thence
to general station of Perth. It was autho-
rized in 1845, and became amalgamated
with the Caledonian in 1865.

SCOTTISH MIDLAND RAILWAY, rail-
way from general station at Perth north-
eastward to Forfar. It was opened in
1848, acquired afterwards some branches,
and is now part of the Caledonian system.

SCOTTISH NORTH-EASTERN RAIL-
WAY, railway system formed in 1856 by
amalgamation of the Scottish Midland, the
Arbroath and Forfar, and the Aberdeen,
together with their branches and connect-
ing lines, and is now part of the Cale-
donian system.

SCOUGAL, ancient chapelry, now part

of Whitekirk parish, on north-east coast
of Haddingtonshire.

SCOULAG, small bay on east coast of
southern part of Isle of Bute.

SCOURIE, village and bay, 21 miles
south of Cape Wrath, in Sutherland. The
village has a post office, with money order
department, under Lairg, an inn, and a
public school.

SCOURINGBURN, section or suburb of
Dundee. It has a post office, with money
order department, under Dundee.

SCOURMORE, mountain, 1774 feet high,
in north of Trotternish, Isle of Skye.

SCOUR-OURAN, alpine mountain, with
conical summit 3505 feet high, overhang-
ing upper part of Glenshiel, on south-west
border of Ross-shire. It commands a
striking view over Loch Duich to Isle of
Skye and Outer Hebrides.

SCOYNE, place, with female public
school, in Panbride parish, Forfarshire.

SCRAADA (HOLES OF), two wide, deep,
vertical apertures at inner end of two
natural tunnels on west coast of North-
maven parish, Shetland.

SCRABSTER, seaport suburb of Thurso,
on westward expansion of upper part of
Thurso Bay, Caithness. It has a post
office under Thurso, and it adjoins vestiges
of Scrabster Castle, once a residence of the
Bishops of Caithness, and afterwards a
fortalice of the crown.

SCRAPE, round-backed mountain, 2347
feet high, with traces of Roman road and
with extensive view, 8 miles south-west of
Peebles.

SCRAULAC, mountain, 2432 feet high,
6 miles north -north- west of Ballater,
Aberdeenshire.

SCREBHISBEN, mountain in Parf sec-
tion of Durness parish, Sutherland.

SCRESORT, bay, 1| mile long, on east
side of Rum Island, Inner Hebrides.

SCRIDEN, long, broad, steep declivity
of shattered blocks, appearing like a rocky
avalanche rushing to the shore, at northern
extremity of Arran Island, Buteshire.

SCRISHBEN, lofty hill on north coast
of Durness parish, Sutherland.

SCROGIEHILL, village in Methven par-
ish, Perthshire.

SCROULACH, mountain in Strathdon
parish, Aberdeenshire.

SCUIR-DONALD, mountain - summit,
2730 feet high, in centre of Ardgour dis-
trict, Argyleshire.

SCUIR-EIGG, precipitous eminence, with
columnar peak 1272 feet high, in Eigg
Island, Inner Hebrides.

SCUIR-MAXY, bold rocky hills, upwards
of 1600 feet high, overhanging cataracts
of Conan river immediately below Loch
Luichart, Ross-shire.

SCUIR-NA-BANACHTICH, peak, 3200
feet high, in west centre of Cuchullin
Mountains, in south of Isle of Skye.

SCUIR-NA-CAIRAN, lofty peaked moun-
tain near falls of Glomach, in south-west
of Ross-shire.

scu

406

SEI

SCUIR-NA-FINGAL, mountain peak,
3168 feet high, on north side of Glencoe,
Argyleshire.

SCUIR-NA-GILLEAN, peak, 3220 feet
high, in north-east of Cuchullin Mountains,
in south of Isle of Skye.

SCUIR-NA-GOUR, peaked mountain,
1983 feet high, near Kyle-Ehea, in east of
Isle of Skye.

SCUIR-NA-LAPICH, peaked mountain,
3772 feet high, on south side of upper part
of Glenstrathfarrar, Inverness -shire.

SCUIR-NA-RIACH, mountain peak on
north side of GlencOe, Argyleshire.

SCUIR-NA-VERTACH, peaked mountain
on north side of head of Glenstrathfarrar,
Inverness-shire.

SCUIR-OURAN. See Scouk-Ouban.

SCUIR-VULLIN, mountain, with three
rocky peaks about 2500 feet high, over-
hanging south side of Loch Fannich, in
Ross-shire.

SCULOMY, boat harbour on east side of
Kyle of Tongue, Sutherland.

SCUNT, salmon rivulet in Harris, Outer
Hebrides.

SCURDYNESS, headland in vicinity of
Montrose, Forfarshire.

SCURR, hill, remarkable for fine kinds
of agates, in Balmerino parish, Fife.

SEABANK, seat in Stevenston parish,
Ayrshire.

SEABEGS, barony, containing several
mediaeval judicial moats, in Falkirk parish,
Stirlingshire.

SEACLIFFE, seat, with very fine sea-
view, in "VVhitekirk parish, Haddington-
shire.

SEAFIELD, barony in Cullen parish,
Banffshire. It was formerly called Ogilvy,
and it gives the titles of Earl of Seafield,
Viscount Seafield, and Baron Ogilvy to
the family of Grant-Ogilvy.

SEAFIELD, chapelry, with church of
1839,. in Bathven parish, near Cullen,
Banffshire.

SEAFIELD, hamlet, small port, and
ruined ancient fortalice, 1J mile north of
Kinghorn, in Fife.

SEAFIELD, small suburb on Firth of
Forth, at eastern extremity of Leith Links,
Edinburghshire. It includes baths erected
in 1813 at a cost of £8000.

SEAFIELD, place, with public school, in
Mid Yell parish, Shetland.

SEAFORTH, sea-loch, partly dividing
Lewis-proper from Harris, and partly pene-
trating Lewis-proper, in Outer Hebrides.
It opens at 23 miles south-by-west of
Stornoway ; is 6J miles wide at entrance ;
goes 5J miles north-westward ; diminishes
there to f mile in width ; goes thence 7^
miles northward with width of from j
mile to 2| miles ; contains in that reach
an island of its own name 1^ mile long ;
and terminates in two branches westward
and eastward 1 mile and 2f miles long.
It is everywhere flanked or overhung by
high mountains, is much exposed to
sudden squalls, and presents, in its middle

and upper reaches, a solemn appearance.
It gave the title of earl from 1623 till 1716
to the family of Mackenzie.

SEAGREENS, small harbour in St. Cyrus
parish, Kincardineshire.

SEAL CAVE, coast cavern about a fur-
long in length, with terminal spacious
stalactitic semicircular chamber, in Storno-
way parish, Outer Hebrides.

SEAL ISLAND. See Ellan-na-

ROAN.

SEAMAB, conical hill, 1440 feet high,
one of the Ochils, in Muckart parish,
Perthshire.

SEAMILL, eminence in West Kilbride
parish, Ayrshire.

SEAPARK, seat near Kinloss, Elgin-
shire.

SEATON, ancient parish, now part of
Tranent, Haddingtonshire. Seaton House,
1^ mile north-north-east of Tranent town,
is a castellated mansion of latter part of
last century. Seaton Palace, on the
ground now occupied by that mansion,
was a very splendid edifice erected in the
time of James v. ; belonged to Lords
Seaton, Earls of Winton, attainted in
1716 ; and gave entertainment to James
VI. and Charles I. on occasion of their
public progress through Scotland. Seaton
collegiate church, in vicinity of site of the
palace, was a handsome spired Gothic
edifice of 14th century, contained the
mausoleum of the Earls of Winton, and is
now an interesting ruin.

SEATON, seat in vicinity of Old Aber-
deen.

SEATON, seat in St. Vigeans parish,
Forfarshire.

SEATOWN, section or suburb of Lossie-
mouth, Elginshire. Pop. 277.

SEATOWN, section or suburb of Cullen,
Banffshire.

SEATOWN, suburb of Bosehearty, Aber-
deenshire.

SEATOWN, village in Nairn parish,
Nairnshire.

SEEDHILL, suburb of Paisley, Benfrew-
shire.

SEGGIE, place, with extensive distillery,
on the Eden near Leuchars, Fife.

SEGGIEDEN, seat near the Tay in Kin-
fauns parish, Perthshire.

SEIL, island, 8 miles south-south-west
of Oban, Argyleshire. It is separated by
narrow straits from Nether Lorn mainland
on the east, from Torsa and Luing on the
south, and from Easdale and Sheep Isle
on the west ; it measures 4£ miles in
length, and 2J in extreme breadth ; it is
so much indented by the sea as to have a
very irregular outline; it consists chiefly
of three parallel ridges, two intervening
vales, and a belt of low seaboard ; it
rises, in its loftiest ground, to a height of
more than 800 feet ; it ranks as one of the
Slate Islands, but is greatly eclipsed by
Easdale ; and it contains the village of
Balvicar and the mansion of Ardincaple.
Pop. 656.

SEI

407

SER

SEIRACH, lake in Reay parish, Caith-
ness.

SEISTER, lake, about 2 miles long,
amid dismal expanse of moss, 11 miles east
of Thurso, Caithness.

SELIBISTER, section of north-eastern
peninsula of Sanday Island, Orkney.

SELIVOE, bay in Sandsting parish, Shet-
land.

SELKIRK, town in Selkirkshire, and
parish partly also in Roxburghshire. The
town stands on right side of Ettrick river,
at terminus of branch railway, 6 J miles
south-by- west of Galashiels ; sprang from
a hunting-seat of the Scoto-Saxon kings ;
figured notably in the wars of the Succes-
sion ; lost many of its best men, 4 the
Flowers of the Forest,' on the field of
Flodden ; was famous during several
centuries for its shoemakers or 'sutors,'
celebrated in song ; appeared, at beginning
of present century, to be going rapidly to
decay ; underwent sudden revival, with
subsequent steady prosperity, as a seat of
woollen manufacture ; ranks now as the capi-
tal of Selkirkshire, and as a burgh uniting
with Galashiels and Hawick in sending a
member to Parliament ; stands on tabular
ground contiguous to a haugh, with charm-
ing environs, comprising Haining Park and
mansion ; comprises a spacious market-
place, well-edificed streets, and a number
of elegant private residences ; was designed
in 1877 to be much improved by formation
of new drainage works ; publishes a weekly
newspaper ; has a head post office with all
departments, a railway station, 3 banking
offices, 2 hotels, a recent suite of county
buildings, a steepled town hall, monu-
ments of Sir Walter Scott and Mungo
Park, Established churches of 1863 and
1867, a Free church, a United Presbyterian
church of 1880, another United Presby-
terian church, Evangelical Union, Episco-
palian, and Eoman Catbolic churches, a
grammar school, and 2 large primary public
schools ; and gives the title of earl to a
branch of the Douglases. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £22,788. Pop. 6090. — The
parish consists of a main body measur-
ing 1\ miles by 7 in Selkirkshire, and
two small sections in Roxburghshire, and
comprises 21,210 acres in the main body,
and 1348 acres in the sections. Real
property, exclusive of the burgh, in
1880-81, £14,923 and £1381. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 7432; quoad sacra, 7369.
The Tweed traces all the northern bound-
ary, the Ettrick intersects the main body
to conflux with the Tweed, and the Yar-
row joins the Ettrick at If mile west-
south- west of the town. About 3000 acres
of the land are under the plough, about
1000 are under wood, and the rest nearly
all consists of pastoral or waste hills with
diief summits from 1519 to 1718 feet high.
Chief seats are Bowhill, Haining, Philip-
haugh, Sunderland Hall, and Broad-
meadows ; chief antiquities are Newark
Castle and Oakwood Tower ; and other

chief objects of interest are the battlefield
of Philiphaugh and the birthplace of
Mungo Park.

SELKIRK AND GALASHIELS, railway,
6£ miles long, from junction with Hawick
branch of North British near Galashiels
station south - by - westward across the
Tweed to Selkirk. It was authorized in
1854, opened in 1856, and amalgamated
with the North British in 1859.

SELKIRKSHIRE, inland county be-
tween Peeblesshire and Roxburghshire.
Its length southward is 28 miles ; its
greatest breadth 17J miles ; its area 260
square miles. The boundary round the
south, to the extent of about one-third of
the entire circumference, is a lofty water-
shed of the Southern Highlands, but all
elsewhere is irregularly denned and mostly
arbitrary. All the surface lies on a base of
from 280 to nearly 800 feet above sea-
level ; a belt on the east side is compara-
tively low ; tracts along the Ettrick, the
Yarrow, the Tweed, and the Gala are
pleasant vale ; the rest of the land con-
sists chiefly of hills and mountains, with
intersection of glens and heughs ; and the
part near and on the sweep of watershed
southern boundary contains a number of
summits from 1800 to 2269 feet in alti-
tude. St. Mary's Loch and the Loch of
the Lowes are in the south-west, and
some small lakes are in the east. Sheep-
farming in the higher parts, and arable
husbandry in the lower ones, are skilful
and effective. Woollen manufacture, at
Selkirk and Galashiels, is extensive
and flourishing. The only towns are
Selkirk and part of Galashiels ; and no
village is so large as to have 300 inhabi-
tants. The territory belonged to the
Caledonian Gadeni, was overrun by the
Saxons, and formed the chief part of the
royal sporting-ground of Ettrick Forest.
Real property in 1880-81, exclusive of
railways, £125,079. Pop. in 1871, 14,005;
in 1881, 25,562.

SELLAY, pastoral island in Harris
parish, Outer Hebrides.

SELLER, headland, 17 miles north-north-
east of Stornoway, Outer Hebrides.

SELLMOOR, hiU, 1368 feet high, in
eastern vicinity of Stow, Edinburghshire.

SELMA. See Beeigonidm.

SEMMIEDORES, popularly St. Madoes
parish, Perthshire.

SEMPILL, estate in Lochwinnoch parish,
Renfrewshire. It has given the peerage
title of baron since 1489 to a distinguished
family of its own name. Sempill House,
long inhabited by that family, stood in
High Street, Paisley, and passed into a
state of decadence.

SENWICK. See Sandwick.

SERF (ST.), island, with remains of
ancient priory, in south-east of Loch
Leven, Kinross-shire.

SERVENT, rivulet, making cascade of
about 110 feet, falling afterwards 20 feet
into natural tunnel, and entering upper

SET

408

SHE

part of Loch Leven, on south-east verge
of Inverness-shire.

SETON. See Seaton.

SEUNTA. See Sianta.

SEVEN BRETHREN, semicircular line
of ancient standing-stones in Tunder-
garth parish, Dumfriesshire.

SEVEN GREY STONES, vestige of
ancient Caledonian stone circle in Loch-
rutton parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

SGIAH, rivulet, running eastward from
Benwyvis, Ross-shire. Its basin contains
coal.

SGRINNCALDALE, mountain, 1653
feet high, in Jura Island, Argyleshire.

SGURCHAIRIE, lofty mountain in Fort-
ingal parish, Perthshire.

SGURRANAIRGOID, mountain, 2734 feet
high, on north side of Loch Duich, Ross-
shire.

SHADIR, small bay, 11 miles south-south-
west of Butt of Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

SHAGGY, romantic stream, making three
falls, one of them of 55 feet, in Monzie
parish, Perthshire.

SHALLAIN, rivulet, running to Loch
Garry, Perthshire.

SHAMBELLY, seat near Newabbey,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

SHANDON, hamlet on north side of
Gareloch, miles north-north-west of
Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire. It took
its name, signifying 'old fort,' from an
ancient f ortalice, now almost extinct ; it
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Helensburgh,
and a Free church; and it is near the
elegant modern mansions of Shandon
Lodge and West Shandon. Pop. 291.

SHANDWICK, village, mansion, and
curiously-sculptured ancient obelisk in
Nigg parish, Ross-shire. Pop. of village,
182.

SHANK, picturesque spot, sung by the
poet Graham, at influx of Gore rivulet to
the South Esk, in Edinburghshire.

SHANKEND, railway station, 7 miles
south of Hawick, Roxburghshire.
> SHANKRAMUIR, estate, with extensive
limeworks, in Cadder parish, Lanarkshire.

SHANKSTON, lake in Kirkmichael
parish, Ayrshire.

SHANNAN, hill, 4 miles south-west of
Luss village, Dumbartonshire.

SHANNASS, place in Old Deer parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a public school
with about 122 scholars.

SHANNOCKHILL, estate in Tillicoultry
parish, Clackmannanshire.

SHANTER, farm once occupied by
Burns' ' Tarn o' Shanter,' 1J mile west of
Kirkoswald, Ayrshire. It is now annexed
to another farm and stripped of its
buildings.

SHANWELL, seat near Milnathort, Kin-
ross-shire.

SHAPINSHAY, insular parish, aver-
agely 6 miles north-north-east of Kirk-
wall, Orkney. It flanks the north side of
the String or eastward marine outlet from

Kirkwall, and measures about 5 miles by
4J, but is indented on the north by the
large bay of Viantro. Real property in
1880-81, £2125. Pop. 974. The shores
and seaboard are mostly low and fertile,
but the interior rises gradually into
pastoral or barren hill, and commands
from a summit there a map-like view of
great part of Orkney. A modern village
overlooks Elswick Bay on the south coast,
and has there a fine natural harbour,
screened by a green islet. Chief objects
of interest are Cliff dale modern mansion,
How ruined old mansion, numerous littoral
Scandinavian dunes, the Black Stone of
Odin, and a place on the west coast tra-
ditionally said to have been fatal to one of
the ships of Agricola. The churches are
Established, United Presbyterian, and
Evangelical Union ; and there are 3
schools with accommodation for 141

SctlolclI'S

SHAWBOST, three villages, New, North,
and South, in Lochs parish, Lewis, Outer
Hebrides. Pop. 214, 322, and 291.

SHAWEND, burn, running to large
reservoir about a mile east-north-east of
Kilsyth, Stirlingshire.

SHAWFIELD, SHAWFIELD-BANK, and
SHAWFIELD-PARK, seats near Ruther-
glen, Lanarkshire.

SHAWHEAD, village in Kirkpatrick-
Irongray parish, Kirkcudbrightshire. It
has a post office under Dumfries.

SHAWHILL, seat in Riccarton parish,
Ayrshire.

SHAWLANDS, village in northern vicinity
of Pollockshaws, Renfrewshire. It shares
in the industries of Pollockshaws, and has
a chapel-of-ease. Pop. 798.

SHAW PARK. See Schaw Pakk.

SHAWS, reservoirs at 500 feet above sea-
level, and copious constant stream thence
for water-supply of Greenock, Renfrew-
shire.

SHAWS, small lake and high hill about
1\ miles south-west of Selkirk.

SHAWS, farm, with two ancient circular
fortifications, in Castleton parish, Rox-
burghshire.

SHAWS, near Glasgow. See POLLOCK-
SHAWS.

SHAWSBURN, colliery in Dalserf parish,

SHAWTONHILL, small cemetery in
Glassford parish, Lanarkshire.

SHEAL, affluent of Leochel rivulet in
Leochel parish, Aberdeenshire.

SHEARDALE, coalfield in Dollar parish,
Clackmannanshire.

SHE ARINGTON , village in Caerlaverock
parish, Dumfriesshire.

SHEBSTER, hamlet and hill in Reay
parish, Caithness. The hamlet lies 6
miles south-west of Thurso, and has a post
office under Thurso, a public school, and a
ruined old chapel ; and the hill has remains
of two ancient forts at some distance from
each other.

SHEDDEN, public park, with fine

SHE

409

SHE

entrance gateway, on east side of Kelso,
Roxburghshire.

SHEDDOCKSLEY, seat in Newhills par-
ish, Aberdeenshire.

SHEE, mountain rivulet, running about
16 miles southward into conflux with the
Ardle to form the Ericht, on north-east
border of Perthshire.

SHEECHAILLIN. See Schichallion.

SHEELAGREEN, estate in Culsalmond
parish, Aberdeenshire.

SHEEMORE, seat in south of Luss par-
ish, Dumbartonshire.

SHEEN, upper part of Conan river,
Ross-shire.

SHEEOCH, rivulet, running about 12
miles north-north-eastward to the Dee at
Dun-is church, Kincardineshire.

SHEEP, islet, engirt with low cliffs,
near Seil. and 9 miles south-south-west of
Oban, Argyleshire.

SHEEP, islet in Lismore parish, Argyle-
shire.

SHEEP, islet adjacent to Sanda, near
southern extremity of Kintyre, Argyle-
shire.

SHEIL. See Shiel.

SHEILSWOOD, lake in Ashkirk parish,
Roxburghshire.

SHELKY, skerry near north-east of
North Ronaldshay Island, Orkney.

SHELL, sea-loch in Forest district of
Lewis, Outer Hebrides. It opens 9^ miles
south of Stornoway, and strikes about 5
miles to the west.

SHELLEGHAN, rivulet, running to the
Almond, in Fowlis-Wester parish, Perth-
shire.

SHELLIVA, bay, with natural harbourage
for small craft, in north of South Uist
Island, Outer Hebrides.

SHELLOCH, affluent of Old Water of
Cluden, in east of Kirkcudbright-
shire.

SHELNICK, small cliff-screened bay in
Stornoway parish, Outer Hebrides.

SHERIFFHALL-ENGINE. See Engine.

SHERIFFMUIR, extensive heathy out-
skirt of Ochil Hills, about 2 miles north-
east of Dunblane, Perthshire. It was the
scene of the battle in 1715 between the
royal forces under the Earl of Argyle and
the rebel forces under the Earl of Mar,
celebrated in well-known derisive verses ;
and it contains, within an iron grating, the
' Gathering Stone of the Clans,' renovated
in 1840.

SHERIFFMUIR, tabular peninsula at
confluence of the Lyne and the Tweed, 3
miles west-by-south of Peebles. It con-
tains ancient standing-stones ; is supposed
to have been the scene of a battle between
the Caledonians and the Romans ; and
commands fine vista-views through gaps
in surrounding hills.

SHERIFF-POT, scene of tragical event in
time of James I., on top of Garvock Hill,
Kincardineshire.

SHERLETT, lake, 6£ miles west of
Auchnasheen, Ross-shire.

SHESHERNICH, upland lake in Kirk-
michael parish, Perthshire.

SHETLAND, archipelago in extreme
north of Scotland. It includes Fair and
Foula islands, respectively about 20 miles
south - south - west and 17 miles west-
south - west of nearest parts of its own
mainland ; but it otherwise forms a very
compact group, commences 48 miles north-
east of northern extremity of Orkney,
extends 68 miles north-by-eastward, and
has a breadth of from to 28 miles.
It altogether comprehends 23 inhabited
islands, about 70 pastoral islets, and a
great number of skerries or insulated
rocks, and has a total land area of 325
square miles. Its chief island, called
Mainland, comprises about one-half of the
area, but is so profusely intersected by
sea-lochs as to be mostly a chain of penin-
sulas. The three islands next in size,
Yell, Unst, and Fetlar, form most of a
compact group in the extreme north, and
are separated from Mainland by a sound
from 2 to 4 miles wide, but thickly
sprinkled with islets and skerries. The
coasts, in all parts, are prevailingly bold
and rocky ; in many parts are cut by long
deep bays, forming good natural harbours ;
in some parts are bored with tunnels,
caverns, and arches, and flanked by insu-
lated pillar-rocks ; and, on the whole, ex-
hibit a large amount of very striking
romantic scenery. The seaboards in-
clude a considerable aggregate of verdant
plain, but are predominantly bleak and
wild, and frequently terminate in bold
headlands or sheer cliffs. The interior
is extensively moorish or mossy ; contains
not one grove or coppice, and very little
shrubbery ; consists mostly of tabular or
undulating low hills; and culminates at
north-west of Mainland in a summit 1476
feet high. The rocks are various and
interesting, but the minerals have
little economical value. Arable husbandry
is of small account ; and the rearing of live
stock is mainly remarkable for the fact
that the sheep, the cattle, and the horses
or shelties are all of breeds peculiar to
Shetland. Fisheries are the main source
of subsistence, insomuch that all the able-
bodied males, with trivial exceptions, are
more or less fishermen, and that Shetland
by itself constitutes one of the twenty-five
fishery districts of all Scotland. The only
town is Lerwick, the only village with
more than 300 inhabitants is Scalloway,
and most of the few other villages are
small hamlets. The civil history is nearly
identical with that of Orkney ; and the
antiquities, though numerous and interest-
ing, are chiefly Scandinavian. Shetland
unites with Orkney in sending a member
to Parliament, and is under the same lord-
lieutenant and sheriff as Orkney, but in
other respects forms a separate county.
Real property in 1880-81, £38,125. Pop.
in 1871, 31,608 ; in 1881, 29,709.

SHETTLESTON, town and parish in

SHE

410

SHI

lower ward of Lanarkshire. The town
stands nominally 3 miles south - east of
Glasgow, is inhabited chiefly by operatives
and colliers, and has a post office under
Glasgow, a railway station, Established,
Free, and Eoman Catholic churches, and
a large public school. Pop. with Eastmuir
and Sandyholes, 3608. — The parish contains
also most of Millerston and Hogganfield,
was constituted quoad sacra by civil autho-
rity in 1847, and ranks now as quoad omnia.
Its territory is the south-eastern part of
Barony of Glasgow. Beal property with
that of Springburn and Maryhill in 1880-
81, £151,416. Pop. of Shettleston alone,
9232. There are 7 schools for 1354
scholars, and 2 of them and an enlarge-
ment for 650 are new.

SHEUCHAN, quoad sacra parish, con-
taining part of Stranraer town, in Wig-
tonshire. It has Established and Free
churches, and a Madras school. Pop. 1533.

SHEVOCK, rivulet, running to the Ury
a little above Old Eayne, Aberdeen-
shire.

SHEWALTON, village, mansion, and
large turbary in Dundonald parish, Ayr-
shire.

SHEWGLIE, residences at Loch Meikle,
in Glenurquhart, Inverness-shire.

SHIAN, seat in Glenquiech, about 11
miles west of Dunkeld, Perthshire.

SHIANT, group of islets, 18 miles south
of Stornoway, Outer Hebrides. Two of
them measure each about 2 miles in
circuit, and are mutually adjacent ; and
all have a basaltic columnar formation
similar to that of Staffa.

SHIANT, Isle of Skye. See SiANTA.

SHIEL, lake and river on boundary
between Inverness-shire and Argyleshire.
The lake commences at foot of Glenfinnan,
extends about 16 miles south-westward,
has nowhere a width of more than 2 miles,
and is flanked by picturesque mountains.
The river issues from the lake's foot, and
runs about 1\ miles north - westward to
Loch Moydart.

SHIEL, rivulet, running about 10 miles
westward and west-north- westward to head
of Loch Duich, on south - west border of
Ross-shire.

SHIELBURN, place, with public school,
in Eathven parish, Banffshire.

SHIELDAG, village and quoad sacra
parish on west coast of Eoss-shire. The
village stands on a bay of its own name on
middle reach of Loch Torridon, 9 miles
from the loch's mouth ; is overhung by a
hill of vast sandstone cliffs, rising to a
height of 1667 feet; carries on an exten-
sive fishery ; and has a post office under
Lochcarron, a small inn, a parochial
church of 1827, a Free church of 1879, and
a public school with about 47 scholars. —
The parish was constituted ecclesiastically
in 1833, and politically in 1851, measures
about 18 miles by 15, and has all its
population, except two families, in a
rugged tract along the coast. A sub-

parochial church and a public school are
at Kishorn. Pop. 1447.

SHIELDFIELD, estate in Gordon parish,
Berwickshire.

SHIELDGREEN, lofty ruined old castle
near head of Soonhope burn, in vicinity of
Peebles.

SHIELDHALL, estate about 4 miles
south-west of Glasgow. It was sold in
1872 for £112,000.

SHIELDHILL, fishing village in Kinneff
parish, Kincardineshire.

SHIELDHILL, modernized old seat in
Libberton parish, Lanarkshire.

SHIELDHILL, place, with railway
station and public school, 6| miles north-
north-east of Dumfries.

SHIELDHILL (EAST), village in Polmont
parish, Stirlingshire. Pop. 391.

SHIELDS, estate in Eenfrewshire section
of Govan parish, in south-western vicinity
of Glasgow.

SHIELDS, place, with limeworks, in
East Kilbride parish, Lanarkshire.

SHIELDS, burn in Campsie parish,
Stirlingshire.

SHIELDS ROAD, railway - junction
station in southern suburbs of Glas-
gow.

SHIELHILL, seat on the South Esk,
in Kirriemuir parish, Forfarshire.

SHIELHOUSE, inn near head of Loch
Duich, at foot of Glenshiel, on south-west
border of Eoss-shire.

SHIELHOUSE, burn, entering Carron
rivulet at 4 miles north of Thornhill,
Dumfriesshire.

SHIELLS, burn, running to the Tweed
at 3J miles north-north-east of Coldstream,
Berwickshire.

SHIELS, place, with United Presbyterian
church, in Belhelvie parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

SHIERGLASS, seat near Blair-Athole

village, Perthshire.

SHILLINGLAW, affluent of Quair
rivulet, Peeblesshire.

SHIN, lake and river in south-west of
Sutherland. The lake lies all in Lairg
parish, extends 18 miles south-eastward,
has a mean breadth of less than a mile,
and is flanked by uplands, very grand
around the head, but tame along the
sides. The river issues from the lake's
foot, runs 7 miles southward to the Oikell
at 7 miles north-west of Bonar-Bridge,
and makes, at 2 miles from its mouth, a
considerable cascade.

SHINEACH, lake in Glassary parish,
Argyleshire.

SHINNEL, rivulet, running 10 miles
south-eastward, and If mile north-north-
eastward, to the Scarr in western vicinity
of Penpont, Dumfriesshire. It is partly
flanked by picturesque mountains, and it
makes a rushing cataract and a consider-
able cascade.

SHIRA, rivulet, running 10 miles south-
by-westward to Loch Fyne at 2 miles
north-west of Inverary, Argyleshire. It

SHI

411

SIL

traverses Glenshira, and then, on a very
low level, makes a lacustrine expansion to
its mouth.

SHIRGARTON, village in Perthshire
section of Kippen parish.

SHIRVA, estate, with colliery, in Kirkin-
tilloch parish, Dumbartonshire.

SHIRVA, hamlet in Fair Island, Shet-
land.

SHISKIN, hamlet and vale in south-west
of Arran Island, Buteshire. The hamlet
lies on Drimadown Bay, 9 miles west-by-
south of Lamlash, and has a post office
under Brodick, Isle of Arran, a Free
church, and a public school with about
126 scholars. — The vale extends from the
hamlet up Blackwater rivulet, comprises
more than 1700 acres of arable land, and
is the most fertile part of Arran.

SHOCHIE, rivulet, running about 8 miles
eastward to the Tay at Luncarty, Perth-
shire.

SHONA, island bisecting about two-
thirds of Loch Moydart, Inverness-shire.
Pop. 118.

SHOTTS, parish on north-east border of
middle ward of Lanarkshire. It is bounded
on the north-west by North C alder river,
on the south-east by South Calder river.
It has, of its own name, a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Lanarkshire, a railway station,
and a banking office ; and it contains the
villages of Dykehead, Harthill, Muirhead,
Omoa, and Sallysburgh, and most of the
villages of Shotts-Ironworks and Cleland-
Ironworks. Its length is 10 miles ; its
greatest breadth 8 miles ; its area 24,944
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £74,635.
Pop., quoad civilia, 8593; quoad sacra,
4294. The watershed between the
basin of the Clyde and that of the Forth
passes along the centre, has here a
maximum altitude of about 500 feet above
sea-level, and commands here extensive,
delightful, panoramic views. The surface
declines gradually on both sides of the
watershed, sinks to a minimum elevation
of about 200 feet, and formerly was mostly
moorish, sterile, and bleak, but now
exhibits prevailingly a reclaimed and
highly-improved appearance. Coal and
ironstone abound throughout the south,
and are richly utilized in the ironworks
of Shotts, Omoa, Gartness, and Cleland.
The parishioners, in the times of persecu-
tion, figured greatly in the affairs of the
Covenanters. The parochial church was
shattered by lightning, and afterwards
restored, in 1876. Other churches are
Free, United Original Secession, Evan-
gelical Union, and Roman Catholic.
There are 6 schools for 1329 scholars, and
3 of them and an enlargement for 880 are
new.

SHOTTSBURN, place, with United
Original Secession church, in Shotts par-
ish, Lanarkshire.

SHOTTS-IRONWORKS, village, with iron-
works, on right bank of Calder rivulet, 6^

miles north-east of Wishaw, Lanarkshire.
Pop. with Torbothie, 969.

SHOUGHENDS, hill-ridge forming back-
bone of Big Cumbray Island, Buteshire.
It commands a panoramic view of the
waters and screens of Firth of Clyde.

SHUNA, island, about 3 miles long,
divided by narrow straits from Luing
Island and Craignish peninsula, in Nether
Lorn, Argyleshire. Pop. 14.

SHUNA, island in Loch Linnhe, opposite
Appin village, Argyleshire.

SHURIRY, lake in Reay parish, Caith-
ness.

_ SHURRACH, hill, with Caledonian stone
circle, in Kingoldrum parish, Forfarshire.

SHUTTERFLAT, barony, 2\ miles east-
by-north of Beith, Ayrshire.

SIAN, bay on west side of Jura Island,
Argyleshire.

SIANTA, tiny limpid lake, long associated
with popular superstition, in Kilmuir par-
ish, Isle of Skye.

SIBBALDBIE, ancient parish, now part
of Applegarth, Dumfriesshire. It retains
ruins of its church, and has a public school
with about 65 scholars.

SIBSTER, seat in Wick parish, Caith-
ness.

SICCAR, small headland, with almost
vertical stratified rocks, in Cockburnspath
parish, Berwickshire.

SIDEHILL, eminence on right side of
the Liddel, 2 miles south-by-west of New-
castleton, Roxburghshire. It is crowned
by a Roman camp 300 feet broad, and was
the site of the residence of the Border
riever 'Jock o' the Side.'

SIDERA, township in Dornoch parish,
Sutherland.

SIDLAW, hill-chain commencing on left
side of the Tay adjacent to Perth, extend-
ing 21 miles north-eastward to a line 6
miles south-south-west of Forfar, and
forking there into one line 18 miles east-
north-eastward to Redhead in Forfarshire,
and another line 38 miles north-eastward
to the coast adjacent to Stonehaven in
Kincardineshire. Its prominent portion is
from the Tay to the fork ; consists of
ridges, plateaux, and isolated hills, mostly
compact but occasionally separated by
passes and hollows ; and has numerous
summits upwards of 900 feet high, but
none higher than 1406 feet.

SIGHTHILL, eminence, 7 furlongs north
of Glasgow Cathedral. It rises to a
height of nearly 400 feet ; is covered, to
the extent of 12 acres, by an ornate
cemetery ; and commands a view of the
Clyde's basin from Tinto to the Grampians.
A Free church and a railway goods station
are adjacent.

SIGHTHILL, eminence, formerly forti-
fied, in Muiravonside parish, Stirlingshire.

SILL YEARN, wooded hill in Grange
parish, Banffshire.

SILVERBANK, village in west end of
Cambuslang parish, Lanarkshire. Pop.
479.

SIL

41

2

SKE

SILVERBIT, seat near Hawick, Rox-
burghshire.

SILVER CASTLE, vestige of ancient
fortification in Scone parish, Perthshire.

SILVERMILLS, old village, f mile north
of Edinburgh Castle. It had crown mills,
erected in early part of 17th century, for
reducing silver-ore brought from Linlith-
gowshire ; but it never acquired much
importance, and it became engirt by
northern part of New Town, and is now
nearly obliterated.

SILVERMINE, extensive limework,
miles west-north-west of Bathgate, Lin-
lithgowshire.

SILVER-ROCK, hill in Golspie parish,
Sutherland.

SILVERTONHILL, small farm, with site
of ancient residence of branch of the
noble family of Hamilton, in Hamilton
parish, Lanarkshire.

SILVERWELLS, farm, with spring long
regarded as powerfully medicinal, in
Turriff parish, Aberdeenshire.

SIMBISTER, fine modern seat in
Whalsay Island, Shetland.

SIMPRIN, ancient parish, now part of
Swinton, Berwickshire.

SINAVEY, copious pure spring in Mains
parish, Forfarshire.

SINCLAIR, bay and ruined castle in
"Wick parish, Caithness. The bay opens
on north side of Noss Head, at 4£ miles
north-east of Wick town ; is nearly of half-
moon form on chord of 5g miles ; lies so
open to the ocean as to have been some-
times mistaken by mariners for east
entrance of Pentland Firth ; and bears the
alternative names of Keiss Bay and Bless
Bay. — The castle stands adjacent to
Girnigoe Castle, on the bay's south shore,
about 1^ mile west of Noss Head, has a
grim appearance, and was a stronghold of
the Earls of Caithness.

SINCLAIRSTON, hamlet in Ochiltree
parish, Ayrshire.

SINCLAIRTON, northern suburb of
Kirkcaldy, Fife. It was founded in 1766 ;
it stands continuous with the older
suburb of Dunnikier ; it and that suburb
are reached from Kirkcaldy-proper by a
steep ascent, and are therefore jointly
called Pathhead ; and, besides sharing in
the institutions bearing the name of
Pathhead, it has a railway station, a
banking office, a chapel-of-ease, a United
Presbyterian church of 1881, and a public
school with about 250 scholars.

SITHCHAILLINN. See Schichallion.
SIX PLOUGHS, detached district of
Methlick parish, Aberdeenshire.

SIX TOWNS, northern section of Birse
parish, traversed by Birse burn and lying
along the Dee, in Aberdeenshire.

SKA, islet adjacent to north end of
Unst, in Shetland.
SKAE. See Skea.

SKAILL, small bay near middle of west
coast of Pomona, Orkney.

SKAILWICK, section of Westray Island,

Orkney. It has a public school with about
96 scholars.

SKARR. See Scare.

SKATERAW, village in Innerwick
parish, Haddingtonshire.

SKATEROW. See Sketeaw.

SKAVAIG. See Scavaig,

SKEA, hill-range, promontory, and
group of skerries at south-west of Westray
Island, Orkney.

SKEABOST, hamlet and seat in Snizort
parish, Isle of Skye. The hamlet has a
post office under Portree, and an inn.

SKEANASS, headland on east side of
Northmaven parish, Shetland.

SKEEN. See Skene.

SKELBO, public school and ruined
ancient seat of Lords Duffus on south side
of Loch Fleet, in Dornoch parish, Suther-
land.

SKELD, headland, two bays, and ancient
burying-ground in Sandsting parish,
Shetland.

SKELDAQUOY, headland on north side
of west end of Holm Sound, Orkney.

SKELDON, seat on the Doon, in Dal-
rymple parish, Ayrshire.

SKELF, spire-peaked, precipitous hill,
1745 feet high, 9 miles west of Hawick,
Roxburghshire.

SKELLATER, seat in Strathdon parish,
Aberdeenshire.

SKELLYTON, colliery in Dalserf parish,
Lanarkshire.

SKELMORLIE, seaside village and
noble castle on north-west verge of Ayr-
shire. The village stands on Firth of
Clyde, 5 miles north-by-west of Largs ; is
a recently erected watering-place ; consists
largely of handsome villas ; and has a post
office, with money order department,
under Greenock, a steamboat pier, a
hydropathic establishment, and a quoad
sacra parochial church. Pop. of village,
757 ; of quoad sacra parish, 953. — The
castle stands in southern vicinity of the
village, is a seat of the Earl of Eglinton,
was erected partly in 16th and 17th cen-
turies, partly in 1858, and figures con-
spicuously amid dense old woods.

SKELWICK. See Skailwick.

SKENE, hamlet and parish in south-east
of Aberdeenshire. The hamlet lies 8 miles
west-by-north of Aberdeen, and has a post
office under Aberdeen, Established and
Free churches, and a large public school.
— The parish measures 6f miles by 4^, and
comprises 10,246 acres. Peal property in
1880-81, £10,846. Pop. 1787. The sur-
face is uneven, lies within the basin of
the Dee, declines prevailingly to the
south-east, and includes, on the west
border, a lake about 3 miles in circuit,
serving as a reservoir for mills and fac-
tories, and sending off a rivulet toward the
Dee. Skene estate, with Skene House,
had in 1880 an annual value of about
£2820, and was then sold by the Earl of
Fife to Mr. George Hamilton. Other
seats are Easter Skene and Kirkville ;

SKE

413

SKY

and chief antiquities are tumuli, Cale-
donian stone circles, the line of a Roman
road, and the site of a mediaeval watch-
tower. A public school is at TTesthill.

SKENE, lake, 10 miles north-east of
Moffat, Dumfriesshire. It measures nearly
a mile by about £ mile ; has a surface ele-
vation of about 1000 feet above sea-level ;
is overhung by rugged lofty masses of the
Southern Highlands ; and emits the stream-
let which forms the profound cascade of
Grey Mare's Tail.

SKEOCH, hill, with extensive view, in
Tarbolton parish, Ayrshire.

SKEOCH, moorland hill, notable _ in
history of the Covenanters, in Kirkpatrick-
Irongray parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

SKEOK, site of ancient chapel, 1 mile
north-east of Bannockburn, Stirlingshire.

SKEOTISVAY, islet in East Loch Tarbert,
between Harris and Lewis-proper, Outer
Hebrides.

SKERNISH, headland in Kilmuir parish,
Isle of Skye.

SKERRAY, hamlet in Tongue parish,
Sutherland. It has a post office under
Thurso, and a public school.

SKERRIES, each of numerous groups of
rocky islets, or insulated rocks, off many
parts of Scottish coasts, specially in Shet-
land, Orkney, and Hebrides.

SKERRIES (OUT). See HousiE.

SKERRINGTON, mineral-field near Kil-
marnock, Ayrshire.

SKERROW, lake in Girtkon parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

SKERRYVORE, insulated rock, 11 miles
south-west-by-south of southern extremity
of Tyree Island, Inner Hebrides. It lies
within a dangerous reef about 10 miles
long, and has a lighthouse of 1844, with
revolving light visible at the distance of
18J nautical miles. Pop. 3.

SKERVUILE, island near southern
entrance to Jura Sound, Argyle shire. It
has a lighthouse with revolving light
visible at the distance of 14 nautical
miles.

SKETEWEN, hamlet near the Tay, be-
tween Balnaguard and Grandtully, Perth-
shire.

SKETRAW, or SKATEROW, fishing
village, 5 miles north-north-east of Stone-
haven, Kincardineshire. Pop. 30S.

SKEULAN, well, held in superstitious
veneration, in Aboyne parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

SKIACH, rivulet, running about 8 miles
north-eastward to Cromarty Firth near
Kiltearn church, Ross-shire.

SKIACH, two small lakes, Skiach and
Little Skiach, in Little Dunkeld parish,
Perthshire.

SKIANID, village in Tongue parish,
Sutherland.

SKIBA, place, 2\ miles north of Port-
Charlotte, Islay Island, Argyleshire.

SKIBBA, boat harbour in Birsay parish,
Orkney.

SKIBO, seat and hill-ridge in Dornoch

parish, Sutherland. The seat is called
Skibo Castle ; and an ancient edifice of
the same name stood on or near the site,
was the residence of the Bishops of
Sutherland and Caithness, and was
demolished in last century.

SKILMONY, hill in Methlick parish,
Aberdeenshire.

SKILTIEMUIR, village in Cockpen
parish, Edinburghshire.

SKIMMER, hills in Salton parish,
Haddingtonshire.

SKINFLATS, village in Bothkennar
parish, Stirlingshire. Pop. 395.

SKINNET, ancient parish, now part of
Halkirk, Caithness. Remains of its
church still exist.

SKINSDALE, rivulet and vale, descend-
ing about 9 miles southward to the Brora,
in Clyne parish, Sutherland.

SKIPNESS, headland, ancient castle,
bay, fishing village, and parish in Kintyre,
Argyleshire. 'The headland flanks south
side of entrance of Loch Fyne, and is
4 miles north-north-west of northern
extremity of Arran.— The castle crowns
the headland, forms an open square of
450 feet, and has walls 7 feet thick and
35 feet high, with 3 small towers. — The
bay lies immediately south of the head-
land, and receives a rivulet of 5 miles in
length of course.— The village stands at
the bay's head, and has a post office under
Greenock, an inn, and a quay. — The
parish is ancient, was annexed to Saddell,
and is now separate quoad sacra. The
church and a public school are at Clonaig.
Pop. of the quoad sacra parish, 470.

SKIPORT, sea-loch in northern part of
east coast of South Uist Island, Outer
Hebrides. It penetrates about 4 miles
westward, is much ramified, includes good
harbourage, and connects, at its head,
with branches of a sea-loch striking south-
westward from north-west coast.

SKIRLING, village and parish on west
border of Peeblesshire. The village
stands miles north-east of Biggar, and
has a post office under Biggar, Established
and Free churches, and a public school. —
The parish measures 3| miles by If, and
comprises 3423 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £3683. Pop. 274. The sur-
face lies at considerable elevation above
sea-level, and is uneven and partly rolling.
Skirling Castle belonged to the Cockburns,
became obnoxious for partisanship with
Queen Mary, and was demolished by
order of the Regent Moray.

SKIRMISHFIELD, scene of fierce Border
conflict in 1526 in western vicinity of
Melrose, Roxburghshire.

SKIRSA, headland, 3 miles south of
Duncansby Head, Caithness.

SKREEL, lofty hill, with rich extensive
view, in Kelton parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

SKYE, island and district in west of
Inverness-shire. The island is a very pro-
minent one of Inner Hebrides ; extends
from a point opposite Arasaig in Inverness-

SKY

414

SLA

shire mainland to a point opposite Loch
Torridon in Ross-shire ; is separated from
Inverness-shire mainland by Sound of
Sleat, from Eoss-shire partly by mouth of
Loch Alsh, mainly by a band of sea from 9
to 17 miles wide ; lies so Dear mainland as
to appear to be interlocked with it in part
of Sound of Sleat and round the mouth of
Loch Alsh ; has an exceedingly irregular
outline, such as to make it, in large degree,
an assemblage of peninsulas ; measures 47
miles in length from south-east to north-
west, and mostly from 7 to 25 miles in
breadth, but with contractions to 4 miles
and less ; is so intersected by long and
numerous sea-lochs as to contain no point
farther than 3J miles from some shore ;
presents to the sea many bold high head-
lands, and some extensive reaches of grand
lofty cliff ; includes on its coasts and
within its sea-lochs a remarkable amount
of very imposing scenery ; and, while com-
prising some aggregate of arable plain and
large aggregate of pastoral hill, consists
principally of bleak high moors and wild
lofty mountains. The chief sea-lochs are
Sligachan, Portree, Snizort, Dunvegan,
Bracadale, Scavaig, and Eishart. Chief
ranges of coast-cliff are northward from
mouth of Portree, and eastward from mouth
of Loch Bracadale. Striking natural
features are Loch Staffin on north-east
coast, the Quiraing west of Loch Staffin,
mountain screens around fresh- water Lake
Coruisk near head of Loch Scavaig, and
Spar Cave on south-east coast. Chief
moiintains are the Storr, 7 miles north of
Portree, summits overhanging Loch Por-
tree, and pre-eminently the Cuchullins
and Blabhein to the north of Loch Scavaig.
Streams are numerous, but all small, and
mostly subject to become voluminous
torrents in time of rains. The rocks form
a study to geologists, and those of the
Cuchullins are so predominantly syenitic
and hypersthenic as to present a very bare
and dark appearance. Portree is the
capital, but would in a lowland county be
regarded as only a very small town ; and
the other chief seats of population are
either very small villages or mere hamlets.
Principal antiquities are cairns, pristine
forts, watch-towers, and mediaeval castles.
Pop. of the island, 16,795. — The district
comprehends also Raasay, Scalpa, Rona,
and some smaller islands, all near Skye.

SKYREBURN, brook and hamlet in
Anwoth parish, Kirkcudbrightshire. The
brook rises among mountains, runs about
5 miles southward to Fleet Bay, and some-
times swells into river volume. — The
hamlet lies on the brook, and has a post
office under Gatehouse.

SLACK, burn, running from Bengairn
Hill north-north-westward to the Dee in
south-western vicinity of Castle-Douglas,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

SLACKHEAD, place in Enzie quoad
sacra parish, Ban IT shire. It has a public
school with about 113 scholars.

SLADE, place, with flagstone quarry, in
Carmylie parish, Forfarshire.

SLAGINNAN, deep cavern in wild narrow
glen near Duniphail Castle, in Edenkillie
parish, Elginshire.

SLAINS, parish, containing Collieston
post office village, on Buchan coast, Aber-
deenshire. It includes a cuneiform penin-
sula between Ythan river and the sea,
measures about 6| miles by 4j, and com-
prises 9124 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£6925. Pop. 1256. The coast is fully 6
miles long ; about a third of it is sandy
beach ; and the rest consists of cavernous
shattered cliffs from 170 to 200 feet high,
and includes a stalactitic cave, and a long
high-arched cavern. The surface is re-
markably diversified, but nowhere hilly.
Slains lake covers about 70 acres. The
chief residence is Leask House, and chief
antiquities are extensive ruins of Old Slains
Castle, and remains of a mediaeval chapel.
The churches are Established and Free.
There are 3 schools for 225 scholars, and 2
of them for 150 are new.

SLAINS, hill in Kinneff parish, Kin-

SLAINS CASTLE, seat of the Earl of
Errol on brink of sea-cliff, 6| miles south-
south-west of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire.
It dates from time of James VI., was
mostly rebuilt in 1836, and commands a
very grand sea view ; and it succeeded Old
Slains Castle, 5^ miles to the south-south-
west, destroyed in 1594 by command of
James VI.

SLAM, lake, overhung by Benstomina,
in Tongue parish, Sutherland.

SLAMANNAN, town and parish on
south-east border in Stirlingshire. The
town stands 5 miles south-south-west of
Falkirk, and 13 by railway west-south-
west of Borrowstownness, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Stirlingshire,
a railway station, a banking office, Es-
tablished, Free, and Methodist churches,
and a public school with about 207 scholars.
Pop. 1644. — The parish contains also the
villages of Binniehill, Burnrow, Limerigg,
and Southfield. Its length is 6J miles ;
its greatest breadth 4J miles ; its area
7062 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£21,086. Pop., quoad cirilia, 5850 ;
quoad sacra, 6428. The Avon separates
about one-third of the area on the north
from about two-thirds of the area on the
south. The lands on each side of it, to
the width of about a mile, are low and
alluvial ; and those farther off rise, in
undulations and ridges, to a maximum
elevation of fully 600 feet. Coal and
ironstone of superior quality abound, and
are largely worked. Chief seats are Bal-
quhatson and Glenellrig. There are 6
schools for 1029 scholars, and 3 of them for
695 are new.

SLAMANNAN RAILWAY, railway, 12J
miles long, from a point in Muiravonside
parish, Stirlingshire, through Slamannan

SLA

415

SMA

parish, onward to a junction with the
Ballochney. It was opened in 1840, but it
became amalgamated with the Monkland
system, and went through that to the
North British.

SLAP, farm, with well once reputed
sacred, in Turriff parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

SLAPIN, sea-loch, 4 miles long, over-
hung by Blabhein Mountain, on south
coast of Isle of Skye.

SLATEFORD, village, 1\ miles south-
west of Edinburgh. It stands on Water-
of-Leith at near juxtaposition of carriage
bridge, canal aqueduct, and railway via-
duct, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Mid-Lothian, a railway station, a
United Presbyterian church, and a public
school with about 158 scholars. Pop. 417.

SLATEFORD, Forfarshire. See Ed-

ZELL.

SLATE ISLANDS, group, 10 miles long
and 2>\ miles broad, separated by narrow
straits from one another and from Nether
Lorn, Argyleshire. They consist more or
less largely of fissile clay slate, include
extensive slate quarries, and comprehend
Luing, Shuna, Torsay, Seil, Easdale, and
Balnahuaigh.

SLEAT, parish, containing Isle Oransay
post office village, in south-east end of
Skye, Inverness-shire. It is separated
from Inverness-shire mainland by Sleat
Sound, 21 miles long and from \ mile to
miles wide ; includes a peninsula 14
miles long, extending south-westward to
termination in Sleat Point ; and measures
21 miles in total length, and about 6 miles
in greatest breadth. Real property in
1880-81, £3665. Pop. 2060. The north-
west border is a high hill-ridge, and much
of the interior is low bleak moor ; but the
seaboard of the peninsula, all round, is
low and populous. The only mansion is
Lord Macdonald's seat of Armadale ; and
the chief antiquities are remains of two
old castles. The churches are Established
and Free. There are 5 public schools for
420 scholars, and all are new.

SLEDMUIR, village in Kirriemuir parish,
Forfarshire.

SLEISCHILLIS, ancient district, com-
prising Strathoikell down to Bonar-Bridge,
on mutual border of Sutherland and Ross-
shire. It was given in 12th century, by
the Earls of Sutherland, to the Bishops of
Caithness.

SLEITILL, lake in Reay parish, Caith-
ness.

SLIABHACH, SLIOCH, or SLEUGACH,

mountain, 3216 feet high, overhanging
north side of upper part of Loch Maree, in
Ross-shire.

SLIABHGAOIL, hill, associated with
ancient legend, in Kilcalmonell parish,
Argyleshire.

SLIACH, battlefield of 1307, on mutual
border of Drumblade and Huntly parishes,
Aberdeenshire.

SLICKLY, burn, entering Wester Lake,
in Wick parish, Caithness.

SLIDDRY, rivulet, running to the sea,
in south-west of Arran Island, Bute-
shire.

SLIGHSHOUSES, estate in Bunkle par-
ish, Berwickshire.

SLIGACHAN, sea-loch, hamlet, and glen
in Isle of Skye. The loch opens opposite
south end of Raasay Island, goes 2>\ miles
south-westward, and has an extreme width
of about \ mile. — The hamlet lies at the
loch's head, and has a post office under
Broadford, and a good inn. — The glen
commences in vicinity of the hamlet,
strikes 5 miles southward to vicinity of
Lochs Coruisk and Scavaig, is all narrow
and partly a gorge, and shares in the wild
alpine scenery of Cuchullin Mountains.

SLIN, lake, 2^ miles long, about 1\ miles
east-south-east of Tain, Ross-shire.

SLIOCH. See Sliabhach.

SLIPPERFIELD, notable smaU lake,
surrounded by extensive moor, in Linton
parish, Peeblesshire.

SLISBEG, vale in Logierait parish, Perth-
shire.

SLITRIG, rivulet, running about 10 miles
northward to the Teviot at Hawick, Rox-
burghshire. It makes a descent of about
1000 feet, rushes along a narrow hill-
screened vale, descends often in sudden
strong freshets, is followed upward by the
North British branch railway toward Car-
lisle, and abounds in associations with
legendary stories.

SLOCH-A-CHORRY, coast cavern at
Tighary Point, near parochial church, in
North Uist, Outer Hebrides. It has a
vertical aperture about 12 feet wide, and
it discharges thence, in times of storm, a
vast and very lofty jet-d'eau.

SLOCHD - A - MHADAIDH, coast tunnel
in Kilmuir parish, Isle of Skye. It com-
mences in a natural arch, swept by the
sea ; contains thence a circular pool, open
to the sky ; and curves thence, in contracted
breadth and height, some hundred yards
backward to the shore.

SLOCHMUICHT, wild perilous pass
through Monadhleadh Mountains, between
Freeburn and Duthill, Inverness-shire.

SLOCH OF DESS. See Dess.

SLOHABERT, village in Kirkinner par-
ish, Wigtonshire.

SLOY, lake in Glensloy at base of Ben-
voirlich, 4 miles south-west of head of
Loch Lomond, Dumbartonshire. The clan
Macfarlane took their war-cry from it,
« Loch Sloy ! Loch Sloy ! '

SLUGS OF ACHRANNIE. See Achran-

NIE.

SLUIE, fine vale in Edenkillie parish,
Elginshire.

SLUIE, promontory in Dyke parish,
north-west corner of Elginshire.

SMADDY, lake in Crossmichael parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

SMAILHOLM, village and parish on
north border of Roxburghshire. The vil-

SMA

416

SOA

lage stands 6 miles west-north-west of
Kelso, is ancient and straggling, consists
of three sections, East-Third, West-Third,
and Overtown, and has a post office under
Kelso, a parochial church, and a public
school with about 82 scholars. — The par-
ish measures 4^ miles by 2|, and comprises
4194 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£6192. Pop. 446. The surface exhibits
variety of flat and rising-ground, and is
nowhere higher than about 500 feet above
sea-level. Smailholm Tower is a large
Border keep, was erected in 1535, is
visible at a great distance, and stands on
Sandyknowe farm, where Sir "Walter
Scott spent part of his boyhood.

SMALL GLEN. See Almond, Perth-
shire.

SMALLHOLM, one of the villages called
Four Towns in Lochmaben parish, Dum-
friesshire.

SMALL ISLES, parish, comprising Eigg,
Rum, Canna, and Muck, in Inner
Hebrides. Eigg belongs to Inverness-
shire, the other islands to Argyleshire.
Real property in 1880-81 of Eigg, £1077 ;
of the other islands, £3259. Pop. of the
whole, 541. The churches are Es-
tablished and Roman Catholic ; and
there are 2 schools with accommodation
for 78 scholars.

SMALL ISLES, harbour, sheltered by
islets, 3 miles north of south - eastern
extremity of Jura Island, Argyleshire.

SMEATON, seat of Sir Thomas P>.
Hepburn, Bart., 1 mile north of East
Linton, Haddingtonshire.

SMEATON, station on Macmerry Rail-
way, near boundary between Haddington-
shire and Edinburghshire.

SMIRSIRI, headland at mouth of Loch-
na-Nua, Inverness-shire.

SMITHSTONE, seat in Tarbolton parish,
Ayrshire.

SMITHSTOWN - ROW, village in Cum-
bernauld parish, Dumbartonshire. Pop.
420.

SMITHTOWN, village in Inverness
parish, Inverness-shire.

SMITHYHAUGH, village on Ruthven
rivulet, 2-g miles east of Auchterarder,
Perthshire.

SMOO, limestone cavern at head of
narrow sea-inlet, 3 miles west of mouth
of Loch Eriboll, in Sutherland. It enters
by a grand Gothic-like arch, 53 feet high ;
penetrates about 200 feet with width of
about 110 feet, a vaulted roof, and cupolar
aperture to the open air ; proceeds side-
ward 70 feet by 30, with high-arched roof
and vertical aperture ; receives then a
cascade of 80 feet in leap by an inflowing
burn ; and extends farther about 120
feet by 8, with height of from 12 feet
to 40.

SMOUDIE, fine cascades on lowmost
reach of Leven river, on boundary between
Argyleshire and Inverness-shire.

SMYLLUM, seat, \ mile south-east of
Lanark.

SNAB, coal - field in Borrowstownness
parish, Linlithgowshire.

SNADON, hill in St. Cyrus parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

SNAIGOW, seat in Caputh parish, Perth-
shire.

SNALDA, inaccessible insulated colum-
nar rock, at least 60 feet high, off "Walls
coast, Shetland.

SNAMABHAL, lake and mountain in
Uig parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

SNAP, headland in south-east of Fetlar
Island, Shetland.

SNAR, rivulet, rising in vicinity of
Leadhills, and traversing a mountain glen
about 7 miles northward to Duneaton
river, Lanarkshire. A lead-mine and the
site of a Border peel-tower are on its
banks.

SNAWBURGH, place, with ancient camp
alleged to be Roman, on Fetlar Island,
Shetland.

SNELSETTER, seat in Walls parish,
Orkney.

SNICKERTKNEES, hill in Wandell
parish, Lanarkshire.

SNIPE, lake in Dalrymple parish, Ayr-
shire.

SNIZORT, sea-loch, hamlet, and parish
in Isle of Skye. The loch enters between
Dunlea and Vaternish points on north-
west coast, is there 8 miles wide, pene-
trates 13 miles south - south - eastward,
sends off several ramifications, contracts
toward the head to the width of a few
furlongs, has picturesque shores, and
receives, near its head, the rivulet Snizort,
running 9 miles to it from the south. — The
hamlet lies at the loch's head, 6 miles
north-west of Portree, and has a post office
under Portree, an inn, and Established and
Free churches. — The parish contains also
the post office village of Uig, and measures
12 miles by 6. Real property in 1880-81,
£5777. Pop., quoad civilia, 2120; quoad
sacra, 2103. The coast, at heads of the
bays Or ramifications of Loch Snizort, is
low and sandy, but elsewhere is bold and
rocky. The interior includes three vales,
consists chiefly of pastoral or heathy
hills, and contains the pinnacled con-
spicuous Storr Mountain, 2343 feet high.
Cairns, tumuli, and Caledonian stone
circles are in several places. A sub-
parochial church is at Uig ; and public
schools are at Bernisdale and Kensa-
leyre.

SNOASIMIL, islet in Vatersay Sound,
Outer Hebrides.

SNOOK, barony, with remains of fortifi-
cation, in Coldstream parish, Berwick-
shire.

SNUCK, headland near middle of west
coast of Hoy, Orkney.

SOA, islet near St. Kilda, Outer Heb-
rides.

SOAY, island in mouth of Loch Scavaig,
Isle of Skye. It measures 3 miles by 2|,
has bold cliffy shores, is nearly bisected
by two bays, and rises from low ground

SOA

417

SOR

to elevation of more than 500 feet. Pop.
102.

SOAY, islet near mouth of Loch Inver,
west coast of Sutherland.

SOAY, small island near soutn end of
Iona, Argyleshire.

SOAY, two islets, Little and Meikle, in
mouth of W. Loch Tarbert, Outer Hebrides.

SOCCACHMAAM, lofty mountain in
Kintail parish, Eoss-shire.

SOCCOCH, lofty hills on mutual border of
Leochel and Towie parishes, Aberdeenshire.

SOLEBURN, bay in Loch Ryan, 3 miles
north of Stranraer, Wigtonshire.

SOLLAS, place, with post office under
Lochmaddy, Outer Hebrides.

SOLWAY, firth, entered at its head by
rivers Sark, Esk, and Eden, and extend-
ing westward and south-westward, between
Scotland and England, to the Irish Sea.
Its length is about 33 miles ; its breadth,
over the first 12 miles, averages about 2^
miles, and afterwards increases to about
19 ; and its coast, on the Scottish side, is
modified by entrance of rivers Annan,
Nith, Urr, and Dee. Its tidal ebb leaves
all its upper reaches, except the ruts of
streams, so bare as to be a sheer sandy
expanse ; and its tidal flow begins with a
breast of waters from 3 to 6 feet high, and
runs, in spring tides, at the rate of from 8
to 10 miles per hour. An earldom of
Solway was created in favour of a branch
of the Douglas family in 1706, merged into
the dukedom of Queensberry in 1711, and
became extinct in 1778.

SOLWAY BANK, seat in Half-Morton
parish, Dumfriesshire.

SOLWAY JUNCTION RAILWAY, rail-
way, 25| miles long, from the Caledonian
near Kirtlebridge south-south-westward
to Annan, and thence southward across
Solway Firth to Brayton station of Mary-
port and Carlisle Railway in Cumberland.
It was authorized in 1864 on a capital of
£320,000 in shares and £106,600 in loans,
was opened in 1869, and became amalga-
mated with the Caledonian in 1873. Its
communication across the firth commences
at 1J mile south-south-east of Annan ;
extends 2544 yards in straight line ; con-
sists of embankment over 594 yards, and
of grand iron viaduct over 1950 yards ;
and commands, from the viaduct, a splen-
did view, sky -lined by Hartfell Mountains,
Criffel, and Skiddaw. The viaduct was
severely damaged by storm in February
1881 ; suffered overthrow near its south
end to the extent of almost £ mile ; was
much shaken also in the centre and near the
north end ; looked, for a time, as if it would
be totally destroyed ; and was proposed,
by bill in July 1882, to be reconstructed.

SOMMER, high moor, formerly crowned
with group of ancient tumuli, and now
covered with plantation, in Bonhill parish,
Dumbartonshire.

SOMMERLEE. See Summeelee.
SOMMERVILLE, barony, with ruined
ancient castle, in Carnwath parish,

Lanarkshire. It gave the peerage title of
baron from 1430 till 1870 to a family of
its own name ; and its castle was much
frequented by King James VI.

SONACHAN, seat and hotel on Loch
Awe near Port Sonachan, Argyleshire.

SOONHOPE, vale traversed by burn 4
miles southward to the Tweed at about a
mile east of Peebles.

SORBIE, village and parish on south-east
coast of Wigtonshire. The village stands
6|; miles south of Wigton, was founded in
latter part of last century, and has a post
office designated of Wigtonshire, a railway
station, and a parochial church of 1877. —
The parish contains also Garlieston village,
measures 6| miles by 3, and comprises
9611 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£16,065. Pop. 1696. The coast has an
extent of about 4 miles, and is partly
sandy and flat, partly rocky and bold.
The interior is finely diversified by hillocks
and small vales, and presents, in many
parts, a charming appearance. The
western border includes part of Dowalton
lake. A chief feature is the Earl of
Galloway's seat of Galloway House ; and
chief antiquities are the ruined strong
baronial fortalice of Sorbie Place, and
remains of the strong ancient noble resi-
dence of Cruggleton Castle. Free and
Congregational churches are in Garlieston.
Two schools for 326 scholars are in the
parish, and 1 of them for 160 is new.

SORBIES, section of Portpatrick parish,
Wigtonshire.

SORN, village and parish in north of
Kyle, Ayrshire. The village stands on
Ayr river, 4 miles east of Mauchline, and
has a post office under Mauchline, a
parochial church with 611 sittings, and
a public school with about 200 scholars.
— The parish contains also Catrine town,
measures about 65 miles in both length
and breadth, and comprises 19,195 acres.
Real property in 1879-80, £20,206.
Pop., quoad civilia, 4255; quoad sacra,
1617. The surface rises to an al-
titude of 1540 in the east, declines
toward the west, and exhibits much
diversity of moorland, hill, rising-ground,
vale, and haugh. The rocks include coal,
ironstone, limestone, and sandstone.
Sorn Castle is a modernized very ancient
edifice, crowns a rock overhanging Ayr
river, belonged successively to the Earls
of Linton and the Earls of Loudoun, and
was occupied by Government forces for
overawing the Covenanters. Established,
Free, United Presbytei'ian, and Evangelical
Union churches are in Catrine. Four schools
for 762 scholars are in the parish, and 1 of
them and an enlargement for 255 are new.

SORNE, headland in north of Mull
Island, Argyleshire.

SORNHILL, village in Riccarton parish,
Ayrshire.

SORRYSIKEMUIR, tract, with site of
large ancient sepulchral tumulus, in St.
Mungo parish, Dumfriesshire.

2d

sou

418

SPE

SOULSEAT. See Saulseat.

SOURIN, hamlet in Rousay Island,
Orkney. It has a post office under Eousay,
and a public school with about 94 scholars.

SOUTHANNAN, estate, with ruined
mansion of time of James VI., in West
Kilbride parish, Ayrshire.

SOUTHBARR, seat in Inchinnan parish,
Renfrewshire.

SOUTH BRAE, western section of Campsie
parish, Stirlingshire.

SOUTH CHURCH. See Paisley and
Greenock.

SOUTHDEAN, parish, with church 7
miles south-south-west of Jedburgh, Rox-
burghshire. It has a post office under
Hawick. Its length is 9f miles ; its greatest
breadth 6| miles ; its area 27,880 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £11, 507. Pop. , quoad
civilia, 724 ; quoad sacra, 641. The surface
extends from watershed of the Cheviots
to within 2J miles of Jedburgh, and is
mostly drained by Jed river. The southern
section is mountainous, and has summits
from 1802 to 1964 feet high. The
northern section also contains much upland,
but has about 3000 acres in tillage, and
about 500 under wood. The seats are
Wolflee, Abbotrule, and Glendouglas ;
and the antiquities are sites of cairns and
ancient camps, and ruins of peel towers.
A Free church is at "Wolflee, and a public
school with about 82 scholars is near the
parochial church.

SOUTHEND, parish, comprehending
southern extremity of Kintyre and neigh-
bouring islands of Sanda and Sheep, in
Argyleshire. It has a post office under
Campbelton. Its length is 11 miles ; its
greatest breadth 5 miles ; its area 30,801
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £14,168.
Pop. 955. The mainland coast measures
about 19 miles ; is chiefly sandy in the
east, but rocky, bold, and high in the
south-west and west ; includes Mull of
Kintyre ; and, especially at Keil and
Dunaverty, abounds with caves. The
interior contains the conspicuous mountain
of Knockmoy, and exhibits elsewhere much
diversity of hills, rising-grounds, hollows,
and vales. Chief residences are Ballyshear,
Keil, Carskey, and Levenstrath ; and chief
antiquities are obelisks, Scandinavian forts,
vestiges of Dunaverty Castle, and ruins or
traces of three ancient churches. The pre-
sent churches are Established and United
Presbyterian ; and there are 2 schools
with accommodation for 148 scholars.

SOUTHEND, curious natural harbour,
with sides, quay, and breakwater, near Lag,
on south coast of Arran Island, Buteshire.

SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS, broad band of
hills and mountains, extending west-south-
westward from coast of Berwickshire
around St. Abb's Head to coast of Ayr-
shire opposite Ailsa Craig. They stand
partly in ranges, but chiefly in groups ;
they have, in their middle parts, many
summits from 2000 to 2651 feet high ; and
they are so far compact as to be divided

by only three lines of railway or good road
communication through them, traced by
Gala, Evan, and Nith rivers.

SOUTH ESK, etc. See Esk, etc.

SOUTHFIELD, seat in Liberton parish,
Edinburghshire.

SOUTHFIELD, seat in Mearns parish,
Renfrewshire.

SOUTHFIELD, seat in Auchtermuchty
parish, Fife.

SOUTHFIELD, seat, converted into farm-
house, in Gladsmuir parish, Haddington-
shire.

SOUTHFIELD, village in Lesmahagow
parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 467.

SOUTHFIELD, village in Dairy parish,
Ayrshire.

SOUTHFIELD, village in Slamannan
parish, Stirlingshire. Pop. 340.

SOUTHFIELD, small modern suburb of
Stirling, partly on scene of skirmish on
eve of famous battle of Bannockburn.

SOUTHHALL, seat, Free church, and
public school on Kyles of Bute, about a
mile west of mouth of Loch Striven,
Argyleshire.

SOUTHMUIR, section or suburb of
Kirriemuir, Forfarshire. Pop. 1453.

SOUTH RONALDSHAY, etc. See Ron-

ALDSHAY, etc.

SOUTHWICK, ancient parish, now part
of Colvend, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a
post office under Dumfries, and a railway
station at 7f miles east of Castle-Douglas.

SOUTRA, ancient parish in Haddington-
shire, now united to contiguous parish of
Fala in Edinburghshire. Soutra Hill,
1209 feet high, at 2 miles south-east of
Fala village, commands a splendid view
over the Lothians and Fife, and had
anciently a village with famous hospital
founded by Malcolm IV.

SOY, quondam lake adjacent to Portsoy,
in Banffshire. It gave name to Portsoy,
but has been reduced to the limits of a
mill pond.

SOYA, island off mouth of Loch Inver,
at south-west corner of Sutherland.

SPALANDER, lake in Kirkmichael par-
ish, Ayrshire.

SPAN60, upland stream, running about
6 miles eastward to the Crawick at 5
miles north-by-east of Sanquhar, Dum-
friesshire.

SPAR CAVE, notable stalactitic cavern
on west side of Loch Slapin, Isle of Skye.

SPARTLEDOWN, lofty summit of Lam-
mermoors, 9 miles south of Dunbar, Had-
dingtonshire.

SPEAN, river, running about 20 miles,
chiefly west-south-westward, from Loch
Laggan to the Lochy, in Great Glen,
Inverness-shire. Its basin is alpine, has
Glenspean along its middle, and includes
Glenroy and Glentreig in its flanks.

SPEAN-BRIDGE, hamlet on Spean river,
10 miles from Fort-William, Inverness-
shire. It has a post office designated of
Inverness-shire, and a hotel.

SPEDDOCH, hamlet, with mill and pub-

SPE

419

SPR

lie school, on Cluden river, in Holywood
parish, Dumfriesshire.

SPEDLIN, strong, turreted, ancient
tower on Annan river, opposite Jardine
Hall, miles north-by-east of Loch-
maben, Dumfriesshire.

SPELVIE, sea-loch on east side of Mull
Island, Argyleshire. It opens opposite
south side of Kerrera, goes 6 miles west-
north- west ward, is narrow in the mouth,
but about 1^ mile wide in the middle, and
has flanks ranging from low to alpine.

SPEY, largest river, except the Tay, in
Scotland. It issues from small lake of its
own name 10 miles geographically south-
east of Fort- Augustus in Inverness-shire ;
runs about 82 miles, chiefly north-eastward,
mostly in Inverness-shire, partly in Elgin-
shire, partly on boundary between Elgin-
shire and Banffshire, to Moray Firth at
Garmouth ; has principally a very moun-
tainous basin, with great diversity of con-
tour ; runs generally in very rapid current,
subject to sudden and voluminous freshets ;
gives the name of Strathspey to a long
glen of its upper and middle reaches ; and
is distinguished, next to the Tweed and
the Tay, for salmon fisheries.

SPEYMOUTH, paiish on left side of
lowmost reach of the Spey, adjacent to
Garmouth post office village, in Elginshire.
Its length is 6J miles ; its greatest breadth
2 miles; its area 6025 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £6545. Pop., quoad
civilia, 656 ; quoad sacra, 1608. The sur-
face presents a steep bank, averagely about
45 feet high, to the Spey, and includes a
small steep hill, but is elsewhere almost all
a continuous plain. There are 5 schools for
445 scholars, and 1 of them for 230 is new.

SPINNINGDALE, village, 4 miles east of
Bonar-Bridge, on south verge of Sutherland.
It has a post office under Dornoch, and a
public school with about 99 scholars.

SPITTAL, ancient parish, now part of
Crailing, Roxburghshire.

SPITTAL, place, with site of ancient
hospital, in north-east of Cavers parish,
Roxburghshire.

SPITTAL, seat in Hutton parish, Ber-
wickshire.

SPITTAL, hamlet in Halkirk parish,
Caithness. It has a post office under
Wick, and a public school with about 84
scholars.

SPITTAL, estate in northern vicinity of
Aberdeen.

SPITTAL, burn, running 6 miles south-
westward to Firth of Forth, in Dunferm-
line parish, Fife.

SPITTAL, site of ancient hospital, 2
miles east of Cambuslang, Lanarkshire.

SPITTALFIELD, village in Caputh par-
ish, Perthshire. It has a post office under
Dunkeld, and a public school with about
108 scholars.

SPITTAL OF GLENSHEE, place, with
hotel, on Highland road, 23 miles north of
Blairgowrie, Perthshire.

SPITTLEHAUGH, se# of Sir James R.

Fergusson, Bart., in Linton parish, Peebles-
shire.

SPITTLEHOPE, burn, running southward
to the Tweed at 2\ miles east-south-east
of Peebles.

SPOTT, village and parish in east of
Haddingtonshire. The village stands on
Spott or Broxburn rivulet, 1\ miles south
of Dunbar, and has a post office under
Dunbar, a parochial church, and a public
school with capacity for 58 scholars. — The
parish consists of two sections 2^ miles
asunder ; extends from about 1| mile
north of the village to watershed of the
Lammermoors ; measures, inclusive of the
intersection, 9J miles by 3 ; and comprises
7583 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£7076. Pop. 579. The northern and
greatly larger section includes Doon Hill
and some other eminences, but is mostly
low and undulated ; and the southern
consists wholly of part of the Lammer-
moors. Doon Hill was the place of
General Leslie's camp at the battle of
Dunbar. Chief residences are Spott House
and Bowerhouses ; and a chief antiquity
is vestige of a Roman or Danish camp.

SPOTTISWOODE, seat in Westruther
parish, Berwickshire.

SPOTTSHALL, seat on Urr river, 4
•miles north-east of Castle-Douglas, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

SPOUTING CAVE, cave on west coast
of Iona Island, Argyleshire. It has a
vertical aperture, and it projects thence
a lofty jet-d'eau at high-water in stormy
weather.

SPOUT-OF-BALLAGAN, leap of 70 feet
in upper part of Blane river, Stirlingshire.

SPOUT- OF-GARNOCK, fine cataract in
upper part of Garnock river, Ayrshire.

SPOUT-ROLLA, waterfall on upper
part of Lednock rivulet, Perthshire.

SPRINGBANK, northern suburb of
Glasgow. It has a United Presbyterian
church and a large public school.

SPRINGBANK, village in East Kilbride
parish, Lanai-kshire.

SPRINGBANK, place, with United
Presbyterian church, near Ay ton, in
Berwickshire.

SPRINGBANK, seat on the Clyde in
eastern outskirts of Glasgow.

SPRINGBURN, town and quoad omnia
parish in lower ward of Lanarkshire.
The town stands nominally 1^ mile north-
east of GlasgoAv, includes a portion within
Maryhill parish, presents a good aud
prosperous appearance, and has a post
office with money -order and telegraph
departments under Glasgow, Established
and United Presbyterian churches, and a
large Roman Catholic church founded in
November 1881. Pop. 5911.— The parish
was constituted in 1854, extends from
Duke Street of Glasgow northward to
boundary with Cadder, comprises 1901
acres, and includes Cowlairs village, part
of Hogganfield village, and part of Glasgow
burgh. Pop., quoad civilia, 20,987. A

SPR

420

STA

chapel-of-ease and a large industrial school
are at Hogganfield ; and other places of
worship and large schools are in the part
within Glasgow burgh.

SPRINGFIELD, village on Eden river,
2 miles west-south-west of Cupar, Fife.
It has a post office under Cupar, a railway
station, and a quoad sacra parochial church.
Pop. of village, 931 ; of quoad sacra parish,
1480. Springfield House is adjacent.

SPRINGFIELD, village on Sark rivulet
at boundary with England, 9 miles east of
Annan, Dumfriesshire. It was founded
in 1791, and became the place of the
Gretna irregular marriages. Pop. 200.

SPRINGFIELD, place, with paper-mills
on North Esk river, 1^ mile south-
south-west of Lasswade, Edinburghshire.
Springfield House is adjacent.

SPRINGFIELD, part of Larkfield, Lan-
arkshire.

SPRINGFIELD, seat in Cadder parish,
Lanarkshire.

SPRINGFIELD, seat in St. Vigeans
parish, Forfarshire.

SPRINGFIELD, ruined old castle in
Scone parish, Perthshire.

SPRINGHILL, seat in Newhills parish,
Aberdeensbire.

SPRINGHILL, estate in Douglas parish,
Lanarkshire.

SPRINGHOLM, village on mutual
border of Urr and Kirkpatrick-Durham
parishes, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a
post office under Dalbeattie, and a public
school. Pop. 223.

SPRINGKELL, seat of Sir John H.
Maxwell, Bart., 4£ miles east of Eccle-
fechan, Dumfriesshire.

SPRINGVALE, north-eastern suburb of
Glasgow.

SPRINGWELL, suburb of Stonefield,
Lanarkshire. Pop. 693.

SPRINGWOOD, seat of Sir George H. S.
Douglas, Bart., on the Teviot, 1J mile
south-south-west of Kelso, Roxburghshire.

SPROUSTON, village and parish in
extreme north-east of Roxburghshire.
The village stands near right bank of the
Tweed, 2^ miles east-north-east of Kelso,
was once a considerable town, suffered
much devastation from the English, pre-
sents now a semi-rural appearance, and
has a post office under Kelso, a railway
station, a parochial church with 420
sittings, and a public school with about 64
scholars. — The parish contains also Lempit-
law hamlet, measures 4^ miles by 3|, and
comprises 8635 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £16,286. Pop. 1026. The northern
district lies along the Tweed, and is low and
fertile ; and the southern district includes
two ridgy swells, with intermediate vale.
A Free church of Sprouston is in Kelso,
and 4 schools, with accommodation for
290 scholars, are in the parish.

SPURNESS, headland at southern ex-
tremity of Sanday Island, Orkney.

SPUTBAAN, cascade on river Lyon at
mouth of Glenlyon, Perthshire.

SPYLAW, estate in Colinton parish,
E dinburghshire.

SPYNIE, ancient parish, with quondam
episcopal palace and cathedral church, 1^
mile north-north-east of Elgin. It took
its name from a lake, 3 miles long, which
has been entirely drained ; and it gave the
peerage title of baron from 1590 till 1672
to the family of Lindsay. The palace was
a magnificent edifice, forming a quadrangle
of about 120 feet, with strong towers at
the corners, and it still exists in a state of
haggard ruin. A new church, in lieu of
the cathedral, was erected on' a widely
different site in 1736, and occasioned the
parish to be thenceforth called New Spynie.

SPYNIE (NEW), parish, containing
Bishopmill suburb of Elgin. It measures
about 4 miles by 2, and comprises 5956
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £5432.
Pop., quoad civilia, 1626 ; quoad sacra, 544.
Part of bed of quondam Spynie lake is on the
northern border, and a ridge 3 miles long,
rising into considerable hill, and mostly
covered with wood, extends along the
middle. The parochial church stands fully
2 miles north-west of Elgin. There are 3
schools with accommodation for 208 scholars.

SPYONBEG and SPYONMORE, hills,
1155 and 1455 feet high, on north-east
coast of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

SQUARETOWN, hamlet in Newton par-
ish, Edinburghshire.

SRONFERNAN, village on Loch Tay, 3
miles west-by-south of Kenmore, Perthshire.

STABLESTONE, place, with public
school, in Douglas parish, Lanarkshire.

STACK, fine lake, 3 miles long, and
mountain, 2364 feet high, overhanging that
lake, in Edderachyllis parish, Sutherland.

STACK, mountain, overhanging west
side of Loch Eck, in Cowal, Argyleshire.

STACK, rocky islet, famous for seals, 31
miles north of Whiten Head, in Sutherland.

STACK-A-CHLO, insulated pillar-rock,
about 200 feet high, near the coast, 2|
miles east-south-east of Cape Wrath, in
Sutherland.

STACKS, two insulated tower-like rocks
near Duncansby Head, in Caithness.

STACKS, insulated rocks, the chief one
a huge tower-like perforated mass, and all
swarming with sea-fowl, near mouth of
Wick Bay, Caithness.

STAFFA, famous basaltic island, 4J
miles west-by-north of nearest part of
Gribon promontory, and 57 miles by
steamer's course west of Oban, in Argyle-
shire. It has an irregularly oval outline,
measures about 1| mile in circuit, and
rises to a height of 129 feet above high-
water level. It lies on a basement of con-
glomerated trap"; projects thence a small
rough landing-place, and a small basaltic
inclined plane ; nearly adjoins an islet of
similar structure to its own ; ascends in
vertical columnar cliffs to near its summit;
is pierced with grand basaltic caves ; and
terminates in an uneven plateau of amor-
phous rock. Its objects of chief interest,

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421

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named in order from the landing-place,
are the Buachaille or Herdsman, a conoidal
islet about 30 feet high, faced with basal-
tic columns seeming to be piled against a
central nucleus ; the Great Causeway, an
inclined plane of similar character to the
Giant's Causeway on the north coast of
Ireland, but both larger and more pictur-
esque ; the Great Colonnade, a long
facade of vertical columnar cliff, aver-
agely about 36 feet high ; Fingal's Cave,
59 :feet high, 33 feet wide, and 288 feet
long, faced all round with basaltic
columns ; the Boat Cave, 16 feet high, 12
feet broad, and 150 feet long, presenting
some resemblance to the gallery of a mine ;
and the Cormorant's or Mackinnon's Cave,
50 feet high, 48 feet wide, and 224 feet
long, walled with conglomerate trap and
crowded with cormorants.

STAFFIN, or ALTAVAIG, sea-loch or bay
in vicinity of Steinscholl, on north-east
coast of Isle of Skye. It measures about
1J mile across the entrance, has nearly a
half -moon form, and is screened all round
by s\iccessive tiers or terraces of basaltic
colonnades, terminating at elevation of
from 1000 to 1500 feet, Staffin post office,
under Portree, is in Steinscholl.

STAGEHALL, farm, with remains of So-
man camp, in Stow parish, Edinburghshire.

STAIN. See Stane.

STAIR, village and parish in Kyle dis-
trict, Ayrshire. The village stands on
Ayr river, 5 miles south-west of Mauch-
line, gives the titles of viscount and earl
to the family of Dalrymple, and has a
post office designated Stairbridge, under
Tarbolton Station, Established and Free
churches, and a large public school. —
The parish measures about 6 miles by 2f,
and comprises 5376 acres. Real property
in 1879-80, £10,782, Pop. 928. The
boundaries are largely formed by rivers
Ayr and Coyle, and the land exhibits much
beauty adjacent to the Ayr, and is pre-
valently undulating. Chief seats are Stair
House, Barskimming, and Drongan ; and
chief antiquities are remains of Tribboch
and Drongan towers.

STAIRHAVEN, small harbour, 2f miles
south of Glenluce, "VVigtonshire.

STAKE, hill, 1711 feet high, 5 miles
north-east of Largs, Ayrshire.

STANDARD, small lake on high ground
in Gamrie parish, Banffshire.

STANDING-STONES. See Stenness.

STANDRIGG, village in Muiravonside
parish, Stirlingshire.

STANE, village on South Calder river, 7
miles north-east of Wishaw, Lanarkshire.
It adjoins extensive collieries, is connected
with Shotts Ironworks, and has an Evan-
gelical Union church.

STANEMANNISHEAD, ancient estate in
Alvah parish, Banffshire.

STANGAR, headland in south-east of
Westray Island, Orkney.

STANHOPEMILL, hamlet in Corstorphine
parish, Edinburghshire.

STANLEY, town and quoad sacra parish
in Perthshire. The town stands on the
Tay, 7 miles north of Perth ; was named
from a member of the ducal family of
Athole ; and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, designated
of Perthshire, a railway junction station,
an inn, cotton mills, a public hall of 1880,
a conspicuous Established church, and a
Free church. Pop. 1015. Stanley House,
a renovated old mansion of the Lords
Nairne, stands adjacent to the town. — The
quoad sacra parish was constituted in 1877.
Pop. 1276.

STANLEY, tower and braes, 2 miles
south-west of Paisley, Renfrewshire. The
tower is a ruined baronial fortalice about 40
feet high, and was engirt in 1837 by a reser-
voir of Paisley waterworks. The braes are
a northern portion of the Fereneze Hills.

STANNER, island in Isla river near mu-
tual border of Forfarshire and Perthshire.

STANSTILL, estate and public school
in east of Bower parish, Caithness.

STAPLEGORTON, ancient parish, now
part of Langholm, Dumfriesshire.

STAR, village in Kennoway parish, Fife.
It has a post office under Markinch. Pop.
264.

STAR, mountains, flanking east side of
Loch Doon, on north-west verge of Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

STARE-DAM, place, adjacent to ancient
rude standing - stones, in Auchtergaven
parish, Perthshire.

STARLEY, burn and small harbour in
Burntisland parish, Fife. The burn falls
in cascade into Firth of Forth, and the
harbour is adjacent to its mouth.

STARR, farm, where considerable num-
ber of sarcophagi have been found, in
Kilmany parish, Fife.

STARSACH-NA-GAEL, mountain-pass in
Moy parish, Inverness-shire.

START, terminating point of narrow
peninsula in north-east of Sanday Island,
Orkney. It has a lighthouse with fixed
red light visible at the distance of 14 J
nautical miles.

STARTHOPE, hill, with remains of Cale-
donian camp, in Wandell parish, Lanark-
shire.

STASLAY, islet on east side of South
Uist, Outer Hebrides.

STAVANESS, headland in Nesting parish,
Shetland.

STAXIGOE, fishing village, 2 miles north-
east of Wick, Caithness. It has a public
school with about 120 scholars. Pop. 402.

STEELE -ROAD, railway station, 16|
miles south of Hawick, Roxburghshire.

STEILSTON, place, with public school,
in Holywood parish, Dumfriesshire.

STEIN, fishing village, 5 miles north of
Dunvegan, in Isle of Skye.

STEINSCHOLL, village and quoad sacra
parish in north-east of Isle of Skye. The
village stands near head of Loch Staffin,
18 miles north of Portree, and has a post
office of Staffin under Portree, an inn,

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422

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Established and Free churches, and a
public school. — The parish was constituted
ecclesiastically in 1833, and politically in
1847. Pop. 1314.

STEMPSTER, hamlet in Bower parish,
Caithness. It has a public school with
about 107 scholars.

STEMPSTER, lake on north border of
Latheron parish, Caithness.

STENHOUSE, hamlet in Liberton parish,
Edinburghshire.

STENHOUSE, seat of Sir William C.
Bruce, Bart., in Larbert parish, Stirling-
shire.

STENHOUSE, small eminence, with
ruined small fort, in north-west of Burnt-
island parish. Fife.

STENHOUSEMUIR, town in north-
eastern vicinity of Larbert railway sta-
tion, Stirlingshire. It has a post office
under Larbert, a public hall, a Free
church, and a large public school ; and
it adjoins the ground on which the Falkirk
trysts, or cattle, sheep, and horse fairs,
are held. Pop. 2617.

STENISH, northern suburb of Storno-
way, Outer Hebrides.

STENNESS, lake, great Caledonian
monuments, and quoad sacra parish in
south-west of Pomona, Orkney. The lake
communicates with the tidal currents of
Hoy Sound, at 3J miles north-east of
Stromness ; has somewhat the form of
the letter V, with two arms 3^ and 4|
miles long, meeting in acute angle at about
2 miles east-north-east of the point of
communication with the tidal currents ;
and is partly flanked with the scene of much
of the action in Sir "Walter Scott's Pirate.
The Caledonian monuments comprise two
standing-stones 17 feet high, a prostrate
stone 18 feet long, and remains of a large
stone semicircle outside the lake's apex,
and 16 standing-stones from 3 to 14| feet
high, 17 remains of other standing-stones,
and traces of a surrounding ditch 1071 feet
in circuit within the lake's peninsula ; and
form the most remarkable group of monu-
ments of their class in Great Britain. —
The parish adjoins the southern extremity
of the lake ; is bounded on the west by
the efflux thence and a branch of Hoy
Sound ; measures 4f miles by 3J ; is
politically part of Firth parish ; and has
a post office designated of Orkney, and a
parochial church. Beal property in 1880-81,
£1494. Pop. 697.

STENNESS, isle in Northmaven parish,
Shetland.

STENNIS, upland rivulet in Westerkirk
parish, Dumfriesshire.

STENRIESHILL, seat in Wamphray par-
ish, Dumfriesshire.

STENSHIEL, hill in Bunkle parish,
Berwickshire.

STENTON, village and parish in east of
Haddingtonshire. The village stands 5^
miles south-west of Dunbar, and has a
post office under Prestonkirk, a handsome
church with 400 sittings, and a public

school with about 117 scholars. — The parish
contains also Pitcox village, consists of
two sections fully 2 J miles asunder, measures
across the intersection 9J miles by 4^, and
comprises 7676 acres. Beal property in
1880-81, £6715. Pop. 594. The northern
and larger section lies averagely about 180
feet above sea-level, exhibits beautiful
diversity of surface, comprises a luxuriant
hanging plain, and includes the picturesque
lake of Presmennan. The southern section
lies wholly among the Lammermoors,
includes one of their loftiest summits, and
is partly bounded by Whitadder river. A
prominent feature in the north is Beil
mansion.

STENTON, seat and romantic crag in
Caputh parish, Perthshire.

STEPHEN (ST.), parish, with Established
and Free churches, in New Town, Edin-
burgh. Pop. 7678.

STEPHEN (ST.), quoad sacra parish,
with Established and Free churches, in
Glasgow. Pop. 5423.

STEPPS, railway station, 5 miles north-
east of Glasgow.

STEU ARTFIELD . See Stewaettfield,
Aberdeenshire.

STEVENSON, seat near Carfin, Lanark-
shire. •

STEVENSON, burn in Newlands parish,
Peeblesshire.

STEVENSON, large public school in
Kilwinning parish, Ayrshire.

STEVENSTON, town and parish in
Cunningham district, Ayrshire. The town
stands about a mile north-east of Saltcoats,
dates at least from 13th century, commands
a fine view, has large connection with
neighbouring collieries and ironworks, and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of Ayr-
shire, a railway station, Established and
Free churches, and a large public school.
Pop. 3556. — The parish contains also
Ardeer Works and part of Saltcoats,
measures about 5 miles by 3, and comprises
3771 acres. Beal property in 1879-80,
£20,829. Pop. 5694. The southern sec-
tion lies along Ayr Bay, and includes a
sandy waste of about 1200 acres ; and the
middle and northern sections rise gradually
thence, and have a fertile, well-cultivated
surface. The seats are Kerilaw, Ardeer,
Seabank, Mayville, Hallerhirst, and
Hayocks ; and the chief antiquity is the
massive ruin of Kerilaw Castle. Several
churches are in Saltcoats ; and 3 schools
for 1101 scholars, 1 of them new for 750,
are in the parish.

STEVENSTON, seat of Sir Bobert C.
Sinclair, Bart., 2 J miles east-north-east of
Haddington.

STEVENSTON (NEW), suburb of Holy-
town, Lanarkshire. Pop. 1048.

STEWARTFIELD, village, 3 miles south-
west of Mintlaw, Aberdeenshire. It was
founded in latter part of last century, bore
for some time the name of Crichie, and
has a post office under Mintlaw, United

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STI

Presbyterian and Congregational churches,
and a public school with about 124 scholars.
Pop. 675.

STEWARTFIELD, seat in Jedburgh par-
ish, Koxburgh.

STEWARTHALL, seat near Crossford,
Lanarkshire.

STEWARTON, town and parish in Cun-
ningham district, Ayrshire. The town
stands on Annock rivulet, 5 miles north-
by-west of Kilmarnock; sprang from an
obscure village of ancient date ; presents
an appearance much superior to that of
most third-rate towns ; comprises portions
called Townhead, Darlington, and. Kirk-
ford ; carries on extensive and various
woollen manufactures ; and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Ayrshire, a
railway station, 3 banking offices, a town
hall, Established, Free, United Presby-
terian, Congregational, and Methodist
churches, a large educational institute,
and a primary educational school. Pop.
3130. — The parish measures nearly 10
miles by 4, and comprises 13,626 acres.
Real property in 1879-80, £29,189. Pop.
4309. The surface on the north - east
border is somewhat high, descends thence
gradually towards the south-west, and
exhibits a pleasing diversity of rising-
grounds, slopes, and flats. Limestone
and sandstone are extensively worked, and
coal exists in thin seams. Chief seats are
Lainshaw, Robertland, Kennox, and Gir-
genti ; and chief antiquities are remains of
two castles, and site of an ancient chapel.
There are 3 schools for 702 scholars, and 1
of them for 430 is new.

STEWARTON, suburb of Wishaw, Lan-

STEWARTON, part of Campbelton
village, Inverness-shire.

STEWARTON, village, more commonly
called Kirkcolm, in Wigtonshire.

STEWART'S RAIS8, ancient tower on
Levern rivulet, 4 miles south-south-east of
Paisley, Renfrewshire.

STICKS, small detached district of Weem
parish, Perth.

STILAIG, small headland on east side of
head of Locb Fyne, Argyleshire.

STINCHAR, river, running about 30
miles south-westward to the sea in vicinity
of Ballantrae, near south-west extremity
of Ayrshire.

STIRKOKE, seat and public school about
2| miles west-south- west of "Wick, and fine
strath extending about 12 miles west-
north-westward from Wick Bay to Watten
Lake, in Caithness.

STIRKRIGG, site of Roman camp in
Bedrule parish, Roxburghshire.

STIRLING, town on north border of
Stirlingshire, and parish partly also in
Clackmannanshire. The town stands on
right bank of the Forth, 36 miles north-
west of Edinburgh ; had military command,
till modern times, over chief communication
between the Lowlands and the Highlands ;

was probably a powerful strategic place
of the ancient Caledonians, the Romans,
and the Picts ; had and retains a strong
castle dating from times unknown to
record; was intermittingly, through large
aggregate of years, the metropolis of
Scotland from the time of Malcolm Oanmore
till that of James VI. ; figured prominently
in national events, both martial and
political, till the end of the rebellion of
1745-46 ; ranks now as a royal burgh
within ancient limits, a parliamentary
burgh with extended boundaries, a seat
of justiciary courts, and the capital of
Stirlingshire ; unites with Dunfermline,
Inverkeithing, Culross, and Queensferry
in sending a member to Parliament ;
occupies a site, presents features, is widely
engirt with environs, of remarkable pictur-
esqueness, and both contains and adjoins
view-points of very striking interest ; and
has a head post office with all departments,
a commodious central railway station, 7
banking offices, 5 hotels, many important
ancient edifices and monuments, numerous
handsome modern public buildings, 4
Established churches, 4 Free churches, 3
United Presbyterian churches, Congrega-
tional, Baptist, Wesleyan, Episcopalian,
and Roman Catholic churches, and a
remarkable number of educational, phil-
anthropic, and miscellaneous institutions.
Its site is partly an isolated hill similar to
that of the original Old Town of Edin-
burgh, rising gradually to an altitude of
340 feet with sudden termination in mural
cliffs, and partly a circumjacent plain
diversified by eruptive masses and gentle
slopes. The old streets occupy most of
the hill, and are variously antique,
modernized, narrow, and spacious ; and
the new streets occupy adjacent parts of
the plain, exhibit much diversity of align-
ment and structure, and include an ex-
tensive wing of beautiful terraces, places,
and crescents. Part of a strong wall which
engirt the ancient town is still standing ;
a very fine wooded public airing-ground,
called the Back Walk, curves round the
exterior of the wall's base ; a series of
curious remains of ancient royal gardens
are at the skirt of part of the Back Walk ;
and the King's Park, measuring about 3
miles in circuit, and once profusely embel-
lished, but now unadorned, adjoins these
remains.

The castle crowns the summit of the
hill, and forms a bold feature in an ex-
tensive landscape; is separated from the
town's head by an esplanade, used as a
parade ground ; retains massive features
of great military strength, but serves now
only as a barrack garrison ; and has, around
two courts, a quondam parliament hall
erected by James ill., a quondam royal
palace erected by James v., a quondam
chapel-royal rebuilt by James VI. , and an
edifice of 1856 on site of the apartment in
which James II. slew the Earl of Douglas.
A depression, called the Valley, lies ad-

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STI

jacent to the castle's esplanade ; was long
used for tournaments and other feats of
chivalry ; and, together with adjacent
slopes, is now occupied by ornate gardens,
and by a modern cemetery containing
many interesting monuments. Argyle's
House, in Castle Wynd, is a large quad-
rangular edifice of 1633, and was long a
palatial residence. Mar's Work, at head
of Broad Street, was erected by the Regent
Mar about 1570, and is now a haggard
ruin. The Town . Hall, adjacent to that
ruin, was erected in 1701, and has a
steeple with finely toned bell. The Guild
Hall, on brink of west shoulder of the hill,
is a pinnacled edifice of 1637. The Public
Hall, in Dumbarton Road, was erected in
1882 at a cost of about £6000. The new
Prison, near the Guild Hall, is a castel-
lated structure of 1846-48, and makes a
prominent figure. The County Buildings,
in Barton Place, are a handsome erection
of 1874. Smith's Institute, adjacent to
skirt of Back "Walk, was erected and
largely endowed in 1874, and contains
spacious picture galleries, museums,
reading-room, and library, free to the
public. The Athenaeum, in centre of the
town, is a modern edifice with lofty spire.
Greyfriar's church dates from 1494, mea-
sures 200 feet by 52, and is divided into
two parochial churches, East and West.
One of the other parochial churches, 1 of
the Free churches, and 2 of the United
Presbyterian churches, are fine steepled
Gothic edifices ; and another of the Free
churches is a handsome edifice of 1882. The
Episcopalian church, in Dumbarton Road,
was erected in 1878, at a cost of £14,000. A
monument to King Robert Bruce, a pedes-
talled standing statue, is on the castle esplan-
ade, and was erected in 1877. A small
mausoleum monument to Rev. Ebenezer
Erskine is on a neat plot in front of Erskine
United Presbyterian church. Two hand-
some bridges take the North British and the
Caledonian railways across the Forth; and
the North British one, in 3 spans of 105,
108, and 105 feet, was rebuilt in 1881. _ A
remarkable number of handsome build-
ings, both semi-public and private, was
erected in 1880-82. Real property of the
parliamentary burgh in 1880-81, £71,063.
Pop. 16,001.

The parish contains also the villages of
Raploch and Abbey, but excludes small
part of the royal burgh and large part of
the parliamentary burgh ; and it comprises
1212 acres in Stirlingshire, and 200 in
Clackmannanshire. Real property of
landward parts in 1880-81, £1883 and £819.
Pop., quoad civilia, 13,469; quoad sacra,
8901. The Forth, flowing in serpentine
folds, traces most of the northern boundary,
but runs across some small sections. The
land outside of the town's site is partly carse
and partly what is locally called dryfield.
A chief object of interest is Cambuskenneth
Abbey. There are 19 schools for 3161
scholars, and 2 of them for 755 are new.

STIRLING, hill on the coast, 3£ miles
south of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. It
includes the promontory of Buchanness ;
rises from a bold, rocky, fissured, cavern-
ous coast ; exhibits a remarkably beautiful
outline as seen from the north ; and con-
tains the quarries of the famous Peterhead
granite or syenite.

STIRLING AND DUNFERMLINE RAIL-
WAY, railway, 24 miles long, from Stirling
to Dunfermline, with branches to Tilli-
coultry and Alloa harbour. It was autho-
rized in 1846 on a share capital of £390,000 ;
it became amalgamated in 1858 with the
Edinburgh and Glasgow ; and it passed
with that in 1865 to the North British.

STIRLINGSHIRE, inland county between
Perthshire and Dumbartonshire. It in-
cludes part of Logie parish, and all Alva,
lying respectively about a mile north-east
and 2J miles north-north-east of nearest
parts of its main body ; but it elsewhere is
all compact, extending from Loch Lomond
east-south-eastward to river Avon ; and it
measures 45 miles in length, 18 miles in
greatest breadth, and 467 square miles in
area. The detached sections are part of
the Ochil Hills, with a belt of plain at the
foot ; a broad tract along the north and
the north-east of the main body, compris-
ing between one-fourth and one-third of
the entire area, is chiefly flat carse, and
partly gently inclined plains ; another
broad tract through the centre, from
vicinity of Stirling to south-western
boundary, is the main portion of the Lennox
Hills ; a stripe between that tract and the
southern boundary is part of the great dingle
or strath traversed by the Forth and Clyde
Canal ; two lowland tracts emerging from
the Lennox Hills, and going respectively
westward and north-westward into junc-
tion, are the valleys of the Endrick and
the Blane ; and a tract north-north-west-
ward from these, flanking most of the east
side of Loch Lomond, is all upland, and
culminates in Benlomond. The principal
streams, besides the Forth, the Avon, the
Endrick, and the Blane, are the Allan,
the Devon, the Carron, the Bannock, and
the Allander; and the only considerable
lake, besides Loch Lomond, is about 2
miles of the upper part of Loch Katrine.
Coal is very extensively worked ; limestone
and sandstone also are abundant and valu-
able ; and several other economical minerals
are found and utilized. Agriculture is in
high condition, and is conducted with
skilful regard to diversity of soil and situa-
tion. Woollen factories, cotton mills,
printfields, and other manufacturing
establishments are numerous and pro-
ductive. Distilleries and a large chemical
work also are prominent. The territory
belonged to the Caledonian Damnii; was
included by the Romans in their Vespasiana;
was annexed for a time to both the Cum-
brian and the Northumbrian kingdoms ;
and figured largely in the conflicts between
the Picts and the Scots; and it contains

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STO

many interesting monuments of at once
the Caledonian, the Roman, and the
subsequent times. The towns with each
more than 10,000 inhabitants are Stirling
and Falkirk ; with each more than 3000
are Kilsyth, Denny, Lennoxtown, and
part of Bridge of Allan ; with each more
than 2000 are Grangemouth, Bannockburn,
and Milngavie ; with each more than 1000
are St. Ninians, Cambusbarron, Balfron,
Stenhousemuir, Lauriston, and Carron
Ironworks ; and the villages with each
more than 300 amount to twenty-nine.
Real property in 1880-81, £488,582. Pop.
in 1871, 98,218 ; in 1881, 112,437.

STITCHEL, village and parish on north
border of Roxburghshire. The village
stands 3| miles west of Kelso, and has a
post office under Kelso, a parochial church,
a United Presbyterian church of 1877 in
lieu of a notable old one, and a public
school with about 62 scholars. — The parish
measures 4 miles by 2|, and comprises
2799 acres, but has annexed to it, both
politically and ecclesiastically, the contigu-
ous parish of Hume in Berwickshire.
Hume has been separately noticed. Real
property of Stitchel in 1880-81, £5641.
Pop. 342. The rivulet Eden runs across
and makes a fine cascade. Nearly all the
land is under cultivation. Stitchel House
was erected in 1866, and has a tower more
than 100 feet high, commanding a very
extensive view.

STOBACHOIN, mountain, 2839 feet high,
on north screen of Strathgartney, Perth-
shire.

STOBBS, village, with gunpowder mills,
adjacent to Gore bridge, Edinburghshire.

STOBCOIRE, summit, 3497 feet high, at
north-western extremity of Balquhidder
braes, Perthshire.

STOBCREAGACH, summit, 2966 feet
high, If mile north-east of Stobcoire,
Perthshire.

STOBCROSS. See Glasgow.

STOBGARBH, summit, 3148 feet high,
2| miles south-east of Crianlarich, Perth-
shire.

STOBGLAS, summit, 3673 feet high,
1| mile south-south-west of Stobgarbh,
Perthshire.

STOBGREEN, village adjacent to Stob-
hill, Edinburghshire.

STOBHALL, seat on the Tay in Cargill
parish, Perthshire.

STOBHILL, village on mutual border of
Newbattle and Temple parishes, Edin-
burghshire. It has a quoad sacra
parochial church, a Free church, and a
large public school. Pop. of quoad sacra
parish, 3065.

STOBHILL-ENGINE, hamlet in Cockpen
parish, Edinburghshire.

STOBINNAN, summit, 3827 feet high,
adjacent to Benmore, on south flank of
Glendochart, Perthshire.

STOBLUIB, hill-summit, 1579 feet high,
on south flank of Glendochart, near Luib
railway station, Perthshire.

STOBMEALL, summit, 2467 feet high,
3 miles north-west of Balquhidder village,
Perthshire.

STOBO, parish, with post office desig-
nated of Peeblesshire, and railway station
6J miles south-west of Peebles. Its
length is 6 miles ; its greatest breadth
4^ miles ; its area 10,302 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £5183. Pop. 467.
The surface is half engirt by the Tweed
and the Lyne ; includes, on a high base,
a belt of beautiful ornate land along
the Tweed ; rises thence in uplands,
with intersecting glens, to the north-west ;
and has there a number of summits up-
ward of 1500 feet high. Stobo Castle and
Dawick are the seats of respectively Sir
Graham G. Montgomery, Bart., and Sir
James Nasmyth, Bart.; and Sheriffmuir
peninsula, at confluence of the Lyne and
the Tweed, contains interesting anti-
quities. The public school has about 52
scholars.

STOBS, railway station and seat of Sir
"William F. A. Eliott, Bart., 4 miles south
of Hawick, Roxburghshire.

STOBSMILLS. See Stobbs.

STOCKBRIDGE, north-western suburb
of Edinburgh. It is bisected by Water of
Leith northward from vicinity of Dean
Bridge ; it embraces a romantic reach
of the river's ravine, overhung by lofty
houses of Moray Place, and containing
St. Bernard's Well ; it engirds the site of
an ancient village ; it stands on ground
diversified from low flat to steep brae ;
it exhibits much diversity and mixture
of character, from meanness to high
grandeur ; it includes elegant terraces and
handsome crescents ; and it contains Free
and United Presbyterian churches, adjoins
an Episcopalian church, and is near great
educational and philanthropic institutions.

STOCKBRIDGE, place, with United
Presbyterian church, about a mile south
of Cockburnspath village, Berwick-
shire.

STOCKBRIGGS, seat near Lesmahagow,
Lanarkshire.

STOCKMUIR, tract, with ancient
Caledonian stone circle, in Abernyte
parish, Perthshire.

STOCKY, extensive high moor, aver-
agely 4^ miles south-by- east of Dry men
village, on south-west border of Stirling-
shire.

STOER, quoad sacra parish, north of
Lochinver, on south-west coast of Suther-
land. It was constituted in 1877 ; it mea-
sures about 11 miles by 10 ; and it has a
post office under Lairg, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 126 scholars. Pop. 1386.

STONEBYRES, fall on the Clyde, and
estate adjacent to it, about 3 miles north-
west of Lanark. The fall commences at
foot of very narrow rocky crevasse ; makes
three fan-like leaps, somewhat similar to
those of Corra-Linn ; and is engirt by a
rugged, rocky, copse-clad amphitheatre.

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426

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The estate adjoins the fall's left side,
and has a mansion with extensive view,
and a public school with about 58
scholars.

STONEFIELD, town in Blantyre parish,
Lanarkshire. It has a post office under
Glasgow, and an Established church
founded in 1878 and containing 900 sittings.
Pop. of town proper, 2164 ; with Spring-
wall, Dixon's Eows, and Baird's Rows, 4509.

STONEFIELD, bay on south side of Loch
Etive, between Bunawe and Connel Ferry,
Argyleshire.

STONEFIELD, seat on south-east side of
West Loch Tarbert, Argyleshire.

STONEHAVEN (vulgarly STANEHIVE),
seaport town and capital of Kincardine-
shire, 15 miles by road, but 16 by railway,
south-south-west of Aberdeen. It consists
of a dingy irregular old town, and a plea-
sant well-planned new town, separated
from each other by Carron river ; it carries
on small commerce and considerable coun-
try business, and publishes a weekly news-
paper ; and it has a head post office with
all departments, a railway station, 3 bank-
ing offices, a town hall of 1877, Free,
United Presbyterian, Episcopalian, and
Roman Catholic churches, the last two
built in 1877, and a free school. Pop. 3948.

STONEHILL, hill in Oarmichael parish,
Lanarkshire.

STONEHOUSE, town and parish in
middle ward of Lanarkshire. The town
stands near Avon river, 7 miles south-east
of Hamilton ; comprises a long main street
and two neat new streets ; and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Lanarkshire,
a railway station, a banking office, Estab-
lished, Free, United Presbyterian, and
Evangelical Union churches, and 2 public
schools with about 326 scholars. The
Established church is a handsome modern
edifice, with upwards of 900 sittings, and
the United Presbyterian church was re-
built in 1879. Pop. of the town, 2615.—
The parish contains also Sandford village,
measures about 6 miles by nearly 3, and
comprises 6241 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £12,654. Pop. 3173. The sur-
face consists of pleasant hanging plains,
and the rocks are chiefly carboniferous.
Chief antiquities are remains of two old
castles, and the site of a very strong
camp.

STONEHOUSE, vestige of strong Border
peel in Gretna parish, Dumfriesshire.

STONELAW, seat and colliery in Ruther-
glen parish, Lanarkshire.

STONE-LUDD, standing-stone, suj>posed
to be memorial of ancient victory, in Bower
parish, Caithness.

STONEYHALL, hamlet in Inveresk par-
ish, Edinburghshire.

STONEYHILL, estate in Abercorn parish,
Linlithgowshire.

STONEYKIRK, village and parish in
Rhinns district, Wigtonshire. The village
stands 5J miles south-south-east of Stran-

raer, and has a post office designated
of Wigtonshire, Established and Free
churches, and a public school. — The parish
measures about 8 miles by 1\, and com-
prises 19,480 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £21,382. Pop. 2766. The west
coast has an extent of 7 miles, and is
mostly bold and rocky ; the east coast, on
upper part of Luce Bay, has an extent of
6 miles, and includes a bay with landing-
ground for small craft ; and the in-
terior is mostly undulated, but rises much
more rapidly from the west coast than
from the east. Chief seats are Ardwell and
Balgreggan ; and chief antiquities are three
conical earthen mounds, a battlemented
tower of 13th century, and remains of two
old churches and of several Scandinavian
forts and Caledonian stone circles. There
are 4 schools for 448 scholars, and 1 of
them and a class-room for 210 are new.

STONEYPATH, hill and ruined old
tower in Whittingham parish, Haddington-
shire.

STONEYWOOD, place, 4 miles west of
Aberdeen. An Established church was
erected here in 1879, contains 800 sittings,
and was intended to be made quoad sacra
parochial.

STONEYWOOD, place, with two factories,
in Denny parish, Stirlingshire.

STONYHILL, quondam notable mansion
and extant seat in Inveresk parish, Edin-
burghshire.

STOOP, village about a mile north-east
of Dumfries.

STOOS, headland near middle of east
side of South Ronaldshay Island, Orkney.

STORE, Isle of Skye. See Storr.

STORE, Sutherland. See Stoer.

STORMONT, district, bounded by Dun-
keld Hills and the rivers Tay, Isla, and
Ericht, in Perthshire. It measures about
14 miles by 1\, exhibits much beauty and
diversity of landscape, and gives the title
of viscount to the Earl of Mansfield.

STORMONTFIELD, village on the Tay in
Scone parish, Perthshire. It has a large
bleachfield and a public school with about
57 scholars.

STORNOWAY, sea -loch, seaport town,
castle, and parish in Lewis, Outer Hebrides.
The sea-loch opens from the south-east at
60 miles north - by - west of Portree ; is a
capacious well-sheltered bay; has, on a
point at its entrance, a lighthouse with
revolving light visible at the distance of
12 nautical miles ; has also, on low tide
rock, about 200 yards from the lighthouse,
a beacon with prisms showing an apparent
light ; and is provided, at the head, with
commodious pier and first-class patent
slip. — The town stands at the loch's head ;
sprang from an old small fishing hamlet ;
underwent much extension and vast
improvement subsequent to Sir James
Matheson's purchase of Lewis ; ranks now
as a head port, the centre of a great fishery
district, and the seat of administration for
the Ross-shire Hebrides ; comprises ten or

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427

STR

more -well-aligned streets and a number of
small suburbs ; presents an appearance
similar to that of a neat third-class Low-
land town ; includes fragmentary ruin of
an old castle dismantled by the troops of
Cromwell ; and has a head post office with
all departments, 3 banking offices, 3 hotels,
an assembly-room , a court-house, a parochial
church, 2 Free churches, United Presby-
terian and Episcopalian churches, 2 educa-
tional institutes, and a Free Church school.
The vessels belonging to the port at end
of 1879 were 23 sailing vessels of aggre-
gately 1642 tons, and 1 steam vessel of 66
tons. The vessels which entered in that
year were 731 British of 101,195 tons, and

6 foreign of 727 tons ; and those which
cleared were 694 British of 98,222 tons, and

7 foreign of 857 tons. The exports com-
prise fish, cattle, horses, sheep, and wool,
and have a value of about £150,000 a year ;
and the imports are very miscellaneous,
and have an equal or greater value. The
fishing-boats of the district in 1879 were
1014, worked by 3968 men and boys. Pop.
of the town, 2627. — The castle crowns a
height overlooking the town, occupies the
site of an old mansion of the Mackenzies
of Seaforth, was erected by the late Sir
James Matheson, is a splendid edifice in
the Tudor style, and has charming grounds
adorned at great cost, and open to the
public. — The parish contains also Back,
Lower Bayble, Upper Bayble, Coll, Gar-
rabost, Sandwick, Swordle, Knock, Tolsta,
Tong, and Vatskir villages ; measures
about 20 miles by 12 ; and comprises
67,652 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£13,155. Pop., quoad civilia, 10,386 ;
quoad sacra, 7333. Most of the land is
compact, narrowing northward to an
acute angle ; but a large arm strikes from
the north side of Loch Stornoway, first
forms a peninsula 3| miles long and from
■| mile to 2h miles broad, then contracts to
an isthmus less than 200 yards wide, and
then expands into a semi-insular tract 6^
miles long and from f mile to 2\ miles
broad, separated from the mainland by a
bay averagely more than 3 miles wide.
The coast has mostly a gentle acclivity,
but is partly bold and rocky, and includes
several caves and fissures. The interior
almost everywhere rises slowly from the
coast ; and, excepting a hill about 650 feet
high on the southern boundary, it con-
tains no considerable eminence. Chief
antiquities are a large cairn and remains
of three old chapels. Established and Free
churches are at Knock, and a Free church
is at Back. Fifteen schools for 1963
scholars are in the parish, and 7 of them
and an enlargement for 1209 are new.

STORNOWAY, bay adjacent to Ardpat-
rick Head, in Knapdale, Argyleshire.

STORE, mountain, 2313 feet high, 7
miles north of Portree, Isle of Skye. Its
east side ascends in an avalanche of fallen
rocks to a precipice about 405 feet high ;
its other sides are massive and almost

symmetrical ; and its summit is grouped
with shattered crags looking like castles,
towers, and pinnacles, and commands a
very extensive and impressive view.

STOTFIELD, coast village and headland
in western vicinity of Lossiemouth, Elgin-
shire. Pop. 203.

STOUREOLM, island about midway
between Mainland and Yell, Shetland.

STOUSLIE, place, with public school, in
Wilton parish, Roxburghshire.

STOVE, bay in south-west of Sanday
Island, Orkney.

STOW, village in Edinburghshire and
parish partly also in Selkirkshire. The
village stands on Gala river, 24J miles by
road, but 26| by railway, south-south-east
of Edinburgh ; sprang from an ancient
seat of the bishops of St. Andrews ; was a
retreat of the monks of Melrose ; and now
has a post office with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of Mid-
Lothian, a railway station, a good inn, a
public hall, handsome Established and
United Presbyterian churches of 1872 and
1876, a Free church, and a large public
school. Pop. 341. — The parish contains
also four hamlets, measures about 15
miles by 8j, and comprises 26,863 acres
in Edinburghshire, and 9969 in Selkirk-
shire. Real property in 1880-81,
£26,386 and £6851. Pop. 1954 and 56.
The Edinburgh section consists of the
valley, hill-screens, and lateral vales of
the Gala to within \\ mile of Galashiels ;
and the Selkirk section consists of the
basin of the Cacldon. Chief seats are
Crookston, Burnhouse, Symington, Pirn,
Torquhan, Torwoodlee, and Bowland ;
and chief antiquities are remains of seven
camps, and ruins or vestiges of many old
castles. An Established church is at
Caddonfoot. Five schools for 599 scholars
are in the parish, and 2 of them for 335
are new.

STRACATHRO. See Strickathrow.

STRACHAN, hamlet and parish in west
of Kincardineshire. The hamlet lies on
the Feugh, 3 J miles south-south -west of
Banchory, and has a post office under
Aberdeen, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 135 scholars.
— The parish measures 13 miles by 9, and
comprises 41,672 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £5272. Pop. 694. The surface
includes about 2250 acres of arable land
adjacent to the Dee and the Feugh, con-
sists mainly of outskirts and masses of the
Grampians, and culminates on the west
boundary in the summit of Mount Battock.
Chief objects are 2 mansions, a shooting-
lodge, 3 ancient artificial mounds, and 2
large cairns. There are 3 schools for 257
scholars, and 1 of them for 120 is new.

STRACHUR, hamlet and parish on west
side of Cowal, Argyleshire. The hamlet
lies on small bay of Loch Fyne, adjacent
to Creggan Ferry, 5 miles south of Inverary ,
and has a post office with money order
and telegraph departments, designated of

STR

428

STR

Argyleshire, an inn, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
70 scholars. — The parish extends 18 miles
along Loch Fyne, and is from 3 to 8 miles
broad. Eeal property in 1880-81, £7810.
Pop. 932. About one-twentieth of the
land, chiefly in two vales, is arable ;
most of the rest of the area is filled with
an assemblage of lofty verdant hills ; and
a portion in the south-east is occupied with
the upper part of Loch Eck. Chief seats
are Strachur, Strachurmore, Glenshellis,
Ballimore, G-lenbrantir,and Castle-Lachlan;
and an object of curious interest and of
popular superstition is a conspicuous stone
on an eminence commanding an extensive
view. The parochial church of the annexed
parish of Stralachlan stands 6 miles south-
south-west of Strachur hamlet. There are
3 schools for 156 scholars, and 1 of them
and an enlargement for 100 are new.

STRAE, rivulet, traversing Glenstrae
south-south-westward to head of north-
east branch of Loch Awe, in Argyleshire.

STRAFONTANE, ancient parish, now
part of Abbey St. Bathans, in Berwick-
shire.

STRAGEATH, quondam Roman camp on
the Earn near Innerpeffray, Perthshire.

STRAIT, medicinal spring in Muthill
parish, Perthshire.

STRAITON, village and parish in east of
Carrick, Ayrshire. The village stands 63
miles south-east of Maybole, and has a
post office under Maybole, a parochial
church with 411 sittings, and a public
school with about 89 scholars. — The parish
is divided quoad sacra into Straiton and
Patna, measures about 20 miles by 8, and
comprises 49,801 acres. Peal property in
1879-80, £15,012. Pop., quoad civilia,
1241 ; quoad sacra, 701. The Doon
traces the northern boundary, the Girvan
runs through the centre, and numerous
burns and lakes are in the interior. Low
grounds adjacent to the two rivers, and
gentle ascents on their flanks, are arable,
but nearly all the rest of the ground is
loftily hilly, and either pastoral or waste.
Two conspicuous summits are near the
village, and command extensive views ;
and one of them is crowned by a fine
monument to Colonel Blair. Chief seats
are Blairquhan, Berbeth, and a noble
shooting-lodge ; and chief antiquities are
cairns. There is a Free church at Straiton,
and Established and United Presbyterian
churches are in Patna. Three schools,
all new, for 303 scholars are in the
parish.

STRAITON, lands with ruined tower in
Logie parish, Fife.

STRAITON, place in Liberton parish,
Edinburghshire.

STRALACHLAN, ancient parish, now
annexed to Strachur, Argyleshire. Its
church and a public school stand 6 miles
south-south-west of Strachur hamlet.

STRALOCH, place in Strathardle
section of Moulin parish, Perthshire. It

has an Established church, served by a
missionary on the royal bounty, and a
public school with about 85 scholars.

STRALOCH, seat in New Machar parish,
Aberdeenshire.

STRAMORE, islet and inn adjacent to
north-east of North Uist Island, Outer
Hebrides.

_ STRANAMBAN, lake, about 5 miles in
circuit, on east side of Mull Island, Argyle-
shire.

STRANATHRO, coast _ village in
Fetteresso village, Kincardineshire.

STRAND, place, with ruined old chapel,
in Fetlar parish, Shetland.

STRANDIBURGH, headland on east side
of Fetlar Island, Shetland.

STRANDUFF, estate in Kincardine
O'Neil parish, Aberdeenshire.

STRANFASKET, seat in Kells parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

STRANITH. See Nithsdale.

STRANRAER, seaport town and parish
in west of Wigtonshire. The town stands
at head of Loch Ryan, 68f miles by road,
but 73 by railway, west-south-west of
Dumfries ; ranks as a head port, a seat of
sheriff courts, and a royal and parliamen-
tary burgh ; unites with Wigton, "Whit-
horn, and New Galloway in sending a
member to Parliament ; is a focus of con-
siderable trade and steamboat communica-
tion ; publishes a weekly newspaper ;
comprises all Stranraer parish, and parts
of Leswalt and Inch ; stands on broken
ground unfavourable to regularity or neat-
ness of arrangement ; contains, neverthe-
less, some elegant houses and many good
ones ; and has a head post office with all
departments, a railway station, 5 banking
offices, 3 hotels, a town hall, 2 Estab-
lished churches, 2 Free churches, 2
United Presbyterian churches, Original
Secession, Reformed Presbyterian, and
Roman Catholic churches, an athenaeum,
an academy, a Madras school, and a
primary public school. The harbour
works went by purchase in 1877 to the
Portpatrick Railway Company, and are
maintained partly by means of £500 a
year handed from that company to the
town council. The vessels belonging to
the port at end of 1879 were 21 sailing
vessels of aggregately 1319 tons, and 2
steam vessels of jointly 491 tons. The
vessels which entered in that year were
774 British of 121,748 tons, and 1 foreign
of 298 tons ; and those which cleared were
784 British of 122,470 tons, and 1 foreign
of 298 tons. Real property of the parlia-
mentary burgh in 1880-81, £21,079. Pop.
6415. — The parish is co-extensive with the
royal burgh, and comprises 55 acres.
Pop. 3455.

STRATH, parish, containing Broadford
and Kyleakin post office villages, in Skye
district, Inverness-shire. It comprehends
Scalpa, Pabba, and Longa islands, and
large part of south-east of Skye. Its
length is 26 miles ; its greatest breadth

STE 429

11 miles. Eeal property in 1880-81,
£5102. Pop. 2616. The Skye part con-
tains the Cuchullin Mountains, Blabhein
Mountain, Glensligachan, Strathaird, and
Lochs Scavaig, Coruisk, Slapin, and
Broadford, and is predominantly, pre-
eminently, grandly, and wildly upland.
Objects of interest include Strathaird
cave, a great rocking-stone, a number of
tumuli, and ruins of 7 circular towers
and 3 ancient chapels. The churches are
2 Established, 1 Free, and 1 Baptist.
There are 5 schools, all new, for 439
scholars.

STRATH, seat in Halkirk parish,
Caithness.

STRATH, any belt or band of low
ground, small or great, between flanking
ranges of hill or mountain, in any part of
Scotland.

STRATHAAN. See Stkachan.

STRATHACHVAICH, small belt of low
ground near source of river Evelix, in
Dornoch parish, Sutherland.

STRATHAFFRICK, upland glen, con-
taining Lochs Affrick and Beneveian,
traversed by Affrick rivulet, and extend-
ing 16 miles north-eastward to Chisholm's
Pass, in north-west of Inverness-shire.

STRATHAIRD, peninsula and headland
between Loch Slapin and Loch Scavaig,
in Isle of Skye. The peninsula extends
southwards from Blabhein Mountain ; and
it has on its east shore, at about 2 miles
from the headland, a famous spar cave.

STRATHALLADALE, either the glen
and vale of Halladale rivulet, or that
rivulet's entire basin, forming the Suther-
land section of Reay parish.

STRATHALLAN, valley of Allan river
in Perthshire and Stirlingshire. It gives
the title of viscount to a branch of the
family of Drummond. The title was
added to that of Baron Madderty in 1686,
was forfeited in 1746, and was restored in
1824. The Viscount's seat is Strathallan
Castle, 5 miles south-east of Crieff.

STRATHARDLE, upland glen, traversed
by Ardle rivulet, in north-east of Perth-
shire.

STRATHAVEN, town, 7| miles by road,
but 9^ by railway, south-by-west of Hamil-
ton, Lanarkshire. It is partly old, irregu-
lar, and dense, and partly modern, neat,
and airy ; it contains Avondale Castle,
erected by grandson of Murdoch, Duke of
Albany, now a picturesque ruin ; and it
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of Lan-
arkshire, a terminal railway station, 3
banking offices, 2 Established churches, 3
United Presbyterian churches, Free, Con-
gregational, and Roman Catholic churches,
and 2 public schools. Pop. in 1871, 3645.

STRATHAVEN, glen and vale of Aven
river, Banffshire.

STRATHAVEN (EAST), quoad sacra
parish with church in Strathaven,
Lanarkshire. Pop. 2250.

STRATHBEG, narrow fertile vale, at

head of Loch Eriboll, in Durness parish,
Sutherland.

STRATHBEG, lake, 2| miles long, adja-
cent to the coast and parallel with it, near
north-east extremity of Aberdeenshire.

STRATHBLANE, village and parish in
Lennox district, Stirlingshire. The village
stands on Blane river, 4 miles north of
Milngavie, and has a post office under
Glasgow, a railway station, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with capacity for 200 scholars. — The par-
ish contains also Blanefield village, mea-
sures 5 miles by 4, and comprises 9068
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £16,975.
Pop. 1343. The central section is a
depression across the Lennox Hills,
between the Kilpatrick range on the
west, and the Campsie Fells on the east ;
comprises the upper and middle parts of
the valley of the Blane ; descends from an
elevation of about 340 feet to one of about
100 feet above sea-level ; and, as seen
from the head, presents a very beautiful
and picturesque appearance. The west
side consists of gentle pleasant slopes and
braes ; but the east side rises into bold
lofty heights, is overhung by a grand
basaltic colonnade, and culminates at
north-east extremity in the loftiest sum-
mit of the Lennox Hills. Chief seats are
Craigend and Carbeth ; chief antiquities
are Mugdock and Duntreath ruined noble
castles ; and other chief objects of interest
are Ballagan Spout waterfall and the
great reservoir of Glasgow waterworks.

STRATHBOGIE, vale and district in
north-west of Aberdeenshire. The vale is
traversed by Bogie rivulet about 14 miles
northward to the Deveron in vicinity of
Huntly, and is celebrated in song. — The
district consists of the estate given by
King Robert Bruce to the family of
Gordon, and comprises 120 square miles.

STRATHBRAN, upper part of vale of
Conan river, extending about 14 miles
eastward, in Ross-shire.

STRATHBRAN, vale of Bran rivulet in
Perthshire.

STRATHBROCK, estate in Uphall par-
ish, Linlithgowshire.

STRATHBRORA, vale of rivulet Brora
in south-east of Sutherland.

STRATHBUNGO, suburban town, nom-
inally about 1^ mile south of Glasgow. It
has a post office with money order depart-
ment under Glasgow, a railway station,
a quoad sacra parochial church, and a
public school with about 170 scholars.
Pop. of town, 2757 ; of quoad sacra
parish, 3172.

STRATHCAIRNAIG, vale of rivulet
Cairnaig in Dornoch parish, Sutherland.

STRATHCARRON, valley of upper part
of Lochcarron in south-west of Ross-shire.
It is nominally distinct from Glencarron ;
traversed to the loch's head by Carron
river ; and at 71 miles north-east of Strome
Ferry it has a post office designated of Ross-
shire, and a railway station.

STR 430 STR

STRATHCEANNARD, vale of Ceannard
rivulet, descending westward to Loch
Broom, in north-west of Ross-shire.

STRATHCLYDE. See Clydesdale
and Cumbria.

STRATHCONAN, reach of Conan
river's valley north-eastward from foot of
Strathgarve, in south - east of Ross-shire.
It has a post office designated of Ross-
shire, a Free church, and a public school.

STRATHCROE, glen of Croe rivulet,
descending south-south-westward to head
of Loch Duich, on south-west border of
Ross-shire.

STRATHDEARN, glen and basin _ of
Findhorn river in Inverness - shire,
Nairnshire, and west border of Elginshire.

STRATHDEE, valley of the Dee in
Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire.

STRATHDIGHTY, valley of Dighty
rivulet in south of Forfarshire.

STRATHDINARD, glen, descending
about 9 miles northward to head of Kyle
of Durness, in north-west of Sutherland.

STRATHDIRRIE, wild moorish mountain
glen, traversed by Dime head-stream of
river Conan, in centre of Ross-shire.

STRATHDON, hamlet and parish on
west border of Aberdeenshire. The
hamlet lies on the river Don, 45 miles
west of Aberdeen, and has a post office,
with money order department, under
Aberdeen, a banking office, Established
and Free churches, and a large public
school. — The parish embosoms part of
Tarl and, measures 16 miles by 9 across
the intersection, and comprises 47,728
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £8625.
Pop. 1316. The surface is remarkably
diversified, exhibits blendings of Lowland
beauty with Highland wildness, includes
a fine strath along the Don and five
sequestered glens, and contains rugged
masses of lofty hill and mountain. Little
more than an eighth is arable or wooded,
and the rest is either pastoral or waste.
Chief seats are Castle-Newe, Edinglassie,
Candacraig, Invernan, Auchornach, Bella-
beg, Skellater, and Glenkindy; and a chief
antiquity is Invernochty dune. A quoad
sacra parochial church and a Roman
Catholic chapel are at Corgarff ; and public
schools are at Knocklea and Forbeston.

STRATHEARN, either the valley or the
entire basin of the river Earn in Perth-
shire. It exhibits great wealth of pic-
turesque landscape ; it formed a stewartry,
with Crieff for its capital, in the times of
hereditary jurisdiction ; and it gave the
title of earl to an old branch of the royal
family of Stewart, and that of duke in the
Scottish peerage to the Duke of Kent,
father of Queen Victoria.

STRATHEDEN, valley of Eden river in
Fife. It gives the peerage title of baron
to a branch of the family of Campbell.

STRATHENDRICK, valley of the End-
rick, in Stirlingshire.

STRATHENDRY, seat in Leslie parish,
Fife.

STRATHERRICK, band of upland plain,
parallel to south-east side of greater part
of Loch Ness, in Inverness-shire. It is
mostly separated from the loch by a
narrow range of hills ; it sends to the
loch, through that range, the rivulets
Foyers and Farigag ; it exhibits a diversity
of arable land, meadow tumulation, and
moor ; it is flanked by lofty granitic
heights with many bare summits ; and it
has a Free church, a Roman Catholic
church, and a public school with about 93

SCllolcLTS

STRATHFARRAR, ancient district, ex-
tending from Loch Beauly up the rivers
Glass and Farrar to head of Glenstrath-
farrar, on north-west border of Inverness-
shire.

STRATHFENELLA, hill and narrow vale
in Fordoun parish, Kincardineshire.

STRATHFILLAN, glen of rivulet Fillan,
descending 10 miles eastward from Benloy
to head of Glendochart, in extreme south-
west of Perthshire. It contains Tyndrum
village and a Free church, and it formerly
had, about midway between Tyndrum and
Crianlarich, a priory founded by King
Robert Bruce.

STRATHFLEET, valley of Fleet rivulet
in south-east of Sutherland.

STRATHGARRY, valley of Garry river
in Athole district, Perthshire.

STRATHGARTNEY, tract along north
side of Loch Katrine, Perthshire.

STRATHGARVE, glen and vale traversed
by Garve rivulet, past west base of Ben-
wyvis, to conflux with the Conan, in
Ross-shire.

STRATHGLASS, vale of rivers Glass and
Beauly, from Chisholm's Pass to head of
Loch Beauly, in north-west of Inverness-
shire.

STRATHGRYFE, valley of the Gryfe in
Renfrewshire, but formerly all the Gryfe's
basin together with part of basin of the
Cart.

STRATHHALLADALE. See Strath-

ALLADALE.

STRATHHEAD, tract in Auchtergaven
parish, Perthshire.

STRATHHELMSDALE, glen and vale of
Helmsdale river, Sutherland.

STRATHIRE. See Strathyre.

STRATHKINNESS, village and quoad
sacra parish in east of Fife. The village
stands 3 miles west of St. Andrews, and
has a post office under St. Andrews, an
Established church, a Free church, and
2 public schools with about 223 scholars.
Pop. of the village, 584 ; of the quoad
sacra parish, 1120.

STRATHL ACHL AN . See Stralachlan.

STRATHLEVEN, seat in vale of Leven,
Dumbartonshire.

STRATHLOCH. See Straloch.

STRATHMARTINE, ancient parish, now
united to Mains, in Forfarshire. It has a
public school with about 125 scholars.

STRATHMIGLO, village and parish on
north-west border of Fife. The village

STR

431

STR

stands on Miglo rivulet, 8^ miles north-
east-by-east of Kinross, is partly old,
partly new, and has a post office with
money order and telegraph departments
designated of Fife, a railway station, a
banking office, a parochial church, 2 Free
churches, United Presbyterian and Evan-
gelical Union churches, and 2 public schools
with about 258 scholars. Pop. 585. —The
parish contains also Edenshead village,
measures about 5| miles by 3f , and com-
prises 9024 acres. Keal property in
1880-81, £13,925. Pop. 2061. The sur-
face includes low skirts of the Ochil Hills
on the north, and most of the bold lofty
West Lomond Hill on the south, but con-
sists chiefly of a fine valley traversed by
Miglo rivulet or upper reach of the Eden.
A great assemblage of cairns and tumuli
was formerly in the west, and has been
regarded by some persons as occupying
the battlefield of Mons Grampus between
the Caledonians and the Romans.

STRATHMORE, belt or band of plain
extending north-eastward from centre of
main body of Dumbartonshire to the
German Ocean at Stonehaven. It is
flanked along all north-west side by the
frontier Grampians, along the south-east
side by successively the Lennox, the Ochil,
the Sidlaw, and , the southern Kincar-
dineshire hills ; it measures about 80
miles in length, and from 1 mile to 16
miles in breadth, but over most part from
6 to 8 miles in breadth ; it is most uniform
and distinctive in character, and bears
emphatically the name of Strathmore,
from about Methven in Perthshire to a
line a little north-east of Brechin in For-
farshire ; and it gives the title of earl to
the family of Lyon, whose seat is at
Glammis.

STRATHMORE, vale, descending to head
of Loch Eynort, in Isle of Skye.

STRATHMORE, vale, traversed by More
rivulet to head of Loch Hope, in north-
west of Sutherland.

STRATHMORE, vale, containing Loch
More, in Halkirk parish, Caithness.

STRATHMUDALE, glen, traversed by
Mudale rivulet to Loch Naver, in centre
of Sutherland.

STRATHNAIRN, Highland part of river
Nairn's basin, chiefly in Inverness-shire,
and partly in Nairnshire. It gives the
peerage title of baron to the family of
Rose.

STRATHNAVER, glen, occupied by Loch
Naver and traversed thence to the sea by
river Naver, in north of Sutherland.

STRATHNITH. See Nithsdale.

STRATHOIKELL, valley of the Oikell,
on mutual border of Sutherland and Ross-
sbire.

STRATHORD, district, with railway sta-
tion 7 miles north of Perth.

STRATHORE, estate, 3J miles north-
north-west of Dysart, Fife.

STRATHPEFFER, village and valley in
south-east of Ross-shire. The village

stands adjacent to east skirt of Benwyvis,
5 miles west of Dingwall ; is a favourite
inland watering-place, with mineral springs;
is also the best starting-point for ascending
Benwyvis ; and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Dingwall, a railway station, 2 hotels,
a pump-room of 1829, and a handsome
pavilion with reading and recreation room
opened in August 1881. — The valley ex-
tends from skirts of Benwyvis to vicinity
of Dingwall ; was the scene of two severe
clan fights in 15th century ; is flanked on
south side by Knockfarrel with great
vitrified fort ; and contains, near the
village, the Duchess of Sutherland's seat
of Castle Leod.

STRATHRATHY, vale of Strathy rivulet
in Farr parish, Sutherland.

STRATHRHIDORCH, fine vale, descend-
ing westward to Ullapool, in north-west
of Ross-shire.

STRATHRORY, glen, traversed by rivulet
Rory to Cromarty Firth, in north-east of
Ross-shire.

STRATHRUSDALE, pastoral vale in up-
land part of Rosskeen parish, Ross-shire.

STRATHSHIN, vale of loch and river
Shin in south of Sutherland.

STRATHSPEY, valley of river Spey in
Inverness-shire, Elginshire, and Banff-
shire.

STRATHSWORDALE, parish of Strath
in Isle of Skye.

STRATHTAY, valley of the Tay from
Kenmore to influx of the Earn, but more
strictly from Kenmore only to Logierait,
in Perthshire.

STRATHTUMMEL, glen and valley of
Tummel river, Perthshire.

STRATHY, village, bay, headland, rivu-
let, and quoad sacra parish in north-east
of Sutherland. The village stands at the
bay's head, 24 miles west-by-south of
Thurso, and has a post office under Thurso,
an inn, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 72 scholars.
— The bay extends northward from the
village, and has a triangular outline with
shore-sides If and 2| miles long. — The
headland flanks west side of the bay,
extends to a point 3 miles north of the
village, and commands an extensive view.
— The rivulet issues from two small lakes,
and runs about 14 miles north-by-eastward
to the bay's head. — The parish consists of
the rivulet's basin. Pop. 790.

STRATHYRE, village and glen in Bal-
quhidder parish, Perthshire. The village
stands in the glen, 8| miles north-north-
west of Callander, and has a post office
under Stirling, and a railway station. —
The vale extends from foot of Loch Yoil
to head of Loch Lubnaig, and is mentioned
in Sir Walter Scott's Lady of the Lake.

STRAVANAN, small bay on west side
of Bute Island, Buteshire.

STRAVEN. See Strathaven.

STRAVITHY, seat and quondam f ortalice
in Dunino parish, Fife.

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432

STR

STREAM, sound, with river-like current,
connecting Cliff and Burra Sounds, in
south-west of Shetland.

STRELITZ, village, 4 miles south-west
of Coupar-Angus, Perthshire.

STRETTUM, brae, with memorial stone
of Macbeth, in Lumphanan parish, Aber-
deenshire.

STRICHEN, town and parish in Buchan
district, Aberdeenshire. The town stands
on the Ugie, adjacent to Mormond Hill,
37 miles north of Aberdeen ; was founded
in 1764 ; bore, for some time, the name of
Mormond ; is built on a regular plan, with
two principal streets meeting at an angle ;
and has a post office, with money order
department, under Aberdeen, a railway
station, 2 banking offices, 3 hotels, a town
hall, Establisbed, Free, Episcopalian, and
Koman Catholic churches, and 2 public
schools with about 200 scholars. Pop.
1204. — The parish contains also New
Leeds village, measures 6J miles by 3f,
and comprises 10,183 acres. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £12,894. Pop., quoad civilia,
2348; quoad sacra, 2013. The surface
is cut into nearly equal parts by the Ugie,
and has a general inclination to that river,
but is prevailingly hilly. Strichen House
is a Grecian edifice of 1821, and has
grounds with remains of a Caledonian
stone circle. There are 4 schools for 448
scholars, and 1 of them for 120 is new.

STRICKATHROW, parish, containing
Inchbare post office village, on north
border of Forfarshire. It lies averagely
3| miles north-by-east of Brechin, mea-
sures about- 6f miles by 2, and comprises
5239 acres. Eeal property in 1880-81,
£6614. Pop. 487. The middle district
is part of Strathmore ; the north-west
district is largely occupied by the con-
spicuous hill of Lundie ; and the south-
east district comprises part of Strickathrow
Hill, a -plateau upwards of 400 feet high,
extending into three contiguous parishes.
The seats are Strickathrow House, Auch-
enreoch, and Newtonmill ; and the chief
antiquities are two old signal stations.
The public school has about 81 scholars.

STRING, sound between Shapinshay and
Pomona, in Orkney.

STRING, or LINE, lake at eastern ex-
tremity of Kilninver parish, Argyle-
shire.

STRIVEN, sea-loch in south of Cowal,
Argyleshire. It strikes from Kyles of
Bute 2iy miles north of Port-Bannatyne ;
goes Sj; miles north-north-westward to
Ballymore ; commences with a width of
1\ miles, but contracts to a width of less
than \ mile ; and is flanked by steep, bleak,
lofty hill-ranges.

STROAN, lake in Kells parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

STROMA, island in Pentland Firth, %\
miles west-north-west of Duncansby Head,
Caithness. It measures 7 miles in circuit,
rises mostly in lofty rocky cliffs, contains
some good land, and has a post office

under Wick, and a lofty iron beacon.
Pop. 341.

STROMBERRY, headland at south-
western extremity of Shapinshay Island,
Orkney.

STROME, ruined ancient fortalice of
the Glengarry Macdonalds, in vicinity of
Strome Ferry, Boss-shire.

STROME FERRY, place on Loch Car-
ron, 5 miles north-east of Plockton, in
south-east of Ross-shire. It is situated at
terminus of Dingwall and Skye Railway,
53 miles west-south-west of Dingwall; is
the point of communication with the
steamers to Skye ; and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Ross-shire, and a
hotel.

STROMNESS, seaport town and parish
in south-west of Orkney. The town
stands on a fine bay 14 miles west-by-
south of Kirkwall ; adjoins picturesque
hill scenery ; sprang from a small hamlet
in course of last century; is now nearly
a mile long, but very irregularly built ;
possesses a safe commodious harbour, with
new pier opened in 1879 ; and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Orkney, 3
banking offices, 2 hotels, an interesting
museum, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and 2 public schools
with about 220 scholars. Pop. 1703.—
The parish comprehends Holm Island and
a tract of about 5 miles by 3| in Pomona.
Real property in 1880-81, £5659. Pop.
2410. The main or Pomona part is
bounded on the west by the Atlantic, on
the south and south-east by Hoy Sound,
on the north-east by Loch Stenness ; it
presents to the Atlantic a range of cliffs
from 100 to 500 feet high, to Hoy Sound
a band of fertile lowlands ; and it else-
where consists mainly of bleak sterile
heights. The rocks possess great geologi-
cal interest, and were made famous by
the publication of Hugh Miller's Astero-
lepis of Stromness. Breckness House,
erected in 1633 by last Bishop of Orkney,
stands on Breckness Head, at west en-
trance of Hoy Sound ; and an ancient
cemetery, with ruined church and remains
of a monastery, lies midway between that
edifice and the town. There are 3 schools,
all new, for 350 scholars.

STRON, mineral field in Kirkintilloch
parish, Dumbartonshire.

STRONACHLACHLAR, place, with
steamboat pier and hotel, on upper part
of Loch Katrine, 5 miles east-by-north of
Inversnaid, and 7 J west-north-west of
Trossachs pier.

STRONCHRUBIE, farm, with interesting
cave and vast ridge of limestone rock, in
Assynt parish, Sutherland.

STRONE, headland and village on north
side of Holy Loch, 2 \ miles north-by-east
of Dunoon, Argyleshire. The village is a
modern watering-place, consists chiefly of
a chain of villas and ornate cottages, and

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433

SUI

has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of
Argyllshire, a steamboat pier, a ferry
station, a banking office, a hotel, a public
hall of 1872, two neat churches, and a
public school.

STRONE, hill on west side of Loch
Lomond, immediately north of Luss vil-
lage, Dumbartonshire. It commands a
splendid bird's-eye view of the lake.

STRONE, stream, with beautiful cas-
cades near head of wooded glen, descend-
ing to head of Loch Broom, Ross-shire.

STRONFERNAN. See Seonfeenan.

STRONFREGGAN, burn in Dairy parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

STRONSAY, island and parish in south
of North Isles division of Orkney. The
island is divided from Shapinshay and
Pomona by a sound or firth from 4 to 10
miles wide ; lies, at its nearest point,
about 12J miles north-east of Kirkwall;
measures 7j miles by 6j, but comprises an
area of not more than about 13 square
miles ; is so profusely and deeply indented
by bays as to form a group of peninsulas,
and to contain no spot more than a mile
from the sea ; consists of low and ridgy
land, nearly all capable of cultivation ;
carries on extensive trade in catching,
curing, and exporting herrings ; and has a
village, a post office with money order and
telegraph departments under Kirkwall, a
new pier, Established and United Presby-
terian churches, 3 public schools with
about 207 scholars, and several Picts'
houses. Pop. 1268. — The parish com-
prehends also Eday, Papa - Stronsay,
Pharay, Auskerry, Holm of Midgarth, and
four pastoral islets. Its length is 17 miles ;
its greatest breadth about 8 miles ; its
area, exclusive of intersecting sea, about
26 square miles. Real property in 1880-81,
£5923. Pop. 2107. Established and
United Presbyterian churches are in Eday,
and ruins or sites of ten ancient churches
are within the parish. There are 6 schools
for 436 scholars, and 2 of them and en-
largements for 190 are new.

STRONSHIRA, headland, with fine view,
in Inverary parish, Argyleshire.

STRONTIAN, village and quoad sacra
parish in north of Argyleshire. The vil-
lage stands on north side near head of
Loch Sunart, 21 miles east-north-east of
Tobermory ; was partly built in 1828, so
as to present a neat appearance ; is situ-
ated at foot of glen, with lead mines
famous for their mineralogy ; gives name
to strontites or carbonate of strontium,
first discovered at these mines in 1790 ;
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, designated of
Argyleshire, an inn, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with ac-
commodation for 138 scholars. Strontian
House, in vicinity of the village, is the
seat of Sir Thomas M. Riddell, Bart. The
parish comprises parts of Ardnamurchan
and Morvern. Pop. 1360.

STRONVAR, seat near foot of Loch
Voil, in Balquhidder parish, Perth-
shire.

STROWAN, seat and ancient parish
in Strathearn, Perthshire. The seat is on
the Earn, 3 miles west of Crieff ; and the
parish is now annexed to Monivaird, and
retains ruins of its church.

STRUAN, hamlet, with railway station
and an inn, 4| miles west of Blair- Athole,
Perthshire.

STRUAN, hamlet in Bracadale parish,
near Bracadale church, on south-west
coast of Isle of Skye. It has a post office
under Portree, and an inn.

STRUBSTER, ancient chapelry in Wick
parish, Caithness.

STRUDE, glen in the Ochils adjacent to
Alva town, and often called Alva Glen, in
Stirlingshire.

STRUEY, range of basaltic sea-cliffs in
eastern vicinity of Lag, on south coast of
Arran Island, Buteshire. It rises to a
height of 400 feet, is cut by deep vertical
fissures, and contains a cavern 80 feet
high, 40 feet wide, and more than 160 feet
long.

STRUIE, hill, 1088 feet high, with
extensive view, adjacent to Dornoch Firth,
in Eddertoun parish, Ross-shire.

STRUTHERS, ruined ancient seat of
Earls of Crawford, 2 miles south-west of
Ceres, in Fife.

STRUTHILL, well, long an object of
strong popular superstition, in Muthill
parish, Perthshire.

STRUY,jhamlet and seat, 12 miles south-
west of Beauly, Inverness-shire. The
hamlet has a post office under Beauly, and
an inn.

STRYAL, large cairn, alleged to have
been a feudal judgment-place, in Mous-
wald parish, Dumfriesshire.

STUARTFIELD. See Stewaetfield.

STUARTON. See Stewaeton.

STUCK, ancient cemetery, with site of
church, in north-east of Monzie parish,
Perthshire.

STUCKGOUN, seat on Loch Lomond
near Glendouglas, Dumbartonshire.

STUIC-A-CHROIN, curious, shattered,
conspicuous mountain-summit, 3189 feet
high, adjacent to Benvoirlich, 6 miles
north of Callander, Perthshire.

STYWICK, bay in south - east of
Sanday, Orkney.

SUCCOTH, estate in Cardross parish,
Dumbartonshire.

SUDDEY, ancient parish, now part of
Knockbain, Ross-shire.

SUGAR-LOAF. See Suilven.

SUIDHE-CHATAIN, hill in Kingarth
parish, Isle of Bute.

SUIDHE-CHUIMAN, hill, traversed by
military road, and crowned with cairn, in
Boleskine parish, Inverness-shire.

SUIE, place, with inn, in Glendochart,
Perthshire.

SUILVEN, or SUGAR-LOAF, mountain,
2396 feet high, 3^ miles east-south-east of
2e

SUL

434

SUT

Lochinver village, in south-west of Suther-
land.

SULEM. SeeSULLAM.

SULISKER, rocky isle, 13 leagues
north - west of Butt of Lewis, Outer
Hebrides.

SULLAM, bay and hamlet in north of
Mainland of Shetland. The bay is 8
miles long, but narrow, and strikes south-
ward from Yell Sound, between North-
maven and Delting parishes. — The hamlet
lies on the bay, and has a post office under
Lerwick.

SUMBURGH HEAD, bold lofty pro-
montory at southern extremity of Shet-
land. It is crowned by a lighthouse with
fixed light visible at the distance of 21
nautical miles.

SUMBURGH-ROOST, vexed and whirl-
ing collision of tidal currents, strong in
even calm weather and terrible in storms,
immediately south of Sumburgh Head.

SUMMERHILL, hamlet in New Machar
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office, with money order department, under
Aberdeen, and 2 public schools with
about 131 scholars. Pop. 204.

SUMMERHILL, place, with United
Presbyterian church, in Ayton parish,
336rwicksliii,6.

SUMMER ISLANDS, group of about 30
islets at mouth of Lochbroom, Boss-shire.
All are bare, most are rocky, only about
nine have pasture-ground, and only one is
inhabited.

SUMMERLEE, section of Coatbridge
town, Lanarkshire. It has a range of
blast iron furnaces ; and the new patent
blast was initiated here in 1873.

SUMMERSDALE, battlefield of 1529,
with several tumuli, in south of Stenness
parish, Orkney.

SUMMERSTON, station on Kelvin
Valley Bailway, on north-east verge of
Lanarkshire, between Maryhill and Tor-
rance.

SUMMER VILLE, seat in Troqueer
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

SUNADALE, rivulet, running eastward
to the sea in Saddell parish, Argyleshire.

SUNART, sea-loch and district in north
of Argyleshire. The loch strikes from
north end of Sound of Mull ; goes 14 miles
eastward to within 5 miles of upper part
of Loch Linnhe ; ranges in width from 3
miles at the mouth to 3 furlongs at the
head ; looks mostly like a series of inland
lakes ; and has shores and flanks exhibit-
ing much Highland scenery. — The district
lies between Ardnamurchan-proper and
Ardgour; is bounded on the south by
upper part of Loch Sunart, on the north
by Loch Shiel ; measures 12 miles by 6 ;
and contains the village and mines of
Strontian.

SUNDAYWELL, old tower, a retreat of
the persecuted Covenanters, in west of
Dunscore parish, Dumfriesshire.

SUNDERLAND, seat on the Tweed, 3
miles north of Selkirk.

SUNDERLAND, seat on west side of
Lochindaal, Islay Island, Argyleshire.

SUNDHOPE, burn, with fine cascades, in
Castleton parish, Boxburghshire.

SUNDRUM, seat in Coylton parish,
Ayrshire.

SUNIPOL, seat near Callioch Point, on
north-west coast of Mull Island, Argyle-
shire.

SUNLAWS, seat on the Teviot, 3 miles
south-by-west of Kelso, Boxburghshire.

SUNNYBANK, place, with quarries, 3
miles south-east of Dunfermline.

SUNNYBRAE, village in Middlebie
perish, Dumfriesshire.

SUNNYSIDE, seat in Liberton parish,
Edinburghshire.

SUNNYSIDE, seat on steep bank of the
Clyde, 1^ mile north-west of Lanark.

SUNNYSIDE, place, with large recent
lunatic asylum, 2\ miles north-north-west
of Montrose, Forfarshire.

SUSANNAH, lead mine adjacent to Lead-
hills, Lanarkshire.

SUTHERLAND, or SUTHERLANDSHIRE,
maritime county in extreme north-west of
Scottish mainland. It is bounded on the
north by the ¥g&H0QH9m', on the east by
Caithness ; on the south-east by Dornoch
Firth ; on the south by Boss and Cromarty ;
on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Its
length is 62 miles ; its breadth 49 miles ;
its area 1886 square miles. The eastern
boundary is a line of watershed nearly all
hilly or mountainous ; and the southern
one is mostly the Kyle of Dornoch Firth
and the river Oikell, and partly a chain of.
lakes and streams westward to the Atlantic.
The south-east coast has nearly all a belt
of rich low ground from \ mile to 2 miles
broad ; the north coast also includes por-
tions of low seaboard ; but most of the
north coast and all the west coast exhibit
a series of bold headlands, deep bays,
beetling cliffs, long sea-lochs, and salient
promontories. Chief projections are
Strathy Head, "Whiten Head, Farout Head,
Cape Wrath, and Bhu store ; and chief
intersections are Kyle of Tongue, Loch
Eriboll, Kyle of Durness, Loch Inchard,
Loch Laxford, and Kyle-Scow. The interior
has considerable aggregate of low ground
in bottoms of glens, along lakes and streams,
but lies mostly on a basis of averagely
about 1500 feet above sea-level, and con-
sists mainly of mountains with numerous
summits at altitudes of from 2000 to 3281
feet. The mountains have much diversity
of both form and amassment ; they include
one continuous watershed going sinuously
through most of the centre ; and those in
the middle and southern parts of the west
have more sharpness of feature, more
intricacy of arrangement, more spiriness
and shatteredness, than are found in any
other tract in the kingdom. Chief glens
and streams are Halladale, Strathy, Naver,
Melness, Hope, Assynt, Shin, Oikell,
Evelix, Fleet, Brora, and Helmsdale ;
and chief fresh-water lakes are Naver,

SUT

435

SYM

Loyal, Hope, Stack, More, Assynt, Vattie,
Shin, Fleet, and Brora. Principal rocks
of economic value are marbles in the west,
and oolitic and lias deposits in the east.
Arable husbandry is very limited, but skil-
ful ; pastoral husbandry has superseded
the arable in much of the glens. Fisheries
are extensive ; and manufactures are of
very little note. An enormous proportion
of the land is waste ; and a vigorous,
extensive, costly enterprise for reclamation
was begun by the Duke of Sutherland in
1874. The earldom of Sutherland, ranking as
the premier earldom of Scotland, dates from
about 1228 ; the dukedom of Sutherland,
in peerage of the United Kingdom, dates
from 1833 ; and both belong to the family
of Leveson-Gower, with the seats of Dun-
robin Castle and Tongue House within the
county. The antiquities include Caledonian
stone circles, Scandinavian forts, Pictish
forts, mediseval castles, and a restored
cathedral. The only towns with each
more than 1000 inhabitants are Helmsdale
and Golspie ; the only villages with each
more than 500 inhabitants are Dornoch,
Brora, Embo, Portskerry, and Bonar ; and
the first of these five villages is the capital.
Beal property in 1880-81, £97,749. Pop.
in 1871, 24,317 ; in 1881, 23,365.

SUTORS-OF-CROMARTY, two bold pro-
montorial wooded hills, almost resembling
sides of a stupendous gateway, at mouth
of Cromarty Firth.

SUURSAY, islet in Sound of Harris,
Outer Hebrides.

SWAINBOST, range of village northward
from Cross, in Barras parish, Lewis, Outer
Hebrides. Pop. of Swainbost-proper, 336 ;
with Cross, Habost, Lional, and Port, 1495.

SWAITES, hill in Pettinain parish, Lan-
arkshire.

SWAN A. See SWONA.

SWANBISTER, ruined remnant of palace
of Earls of Orkney, on coast, 6^ miles south-
west of Kirkwall, Orkney.

SWANSTON, village, Smiles south-south-
west of Edinburgh.

SWARTMILL, lake in Westray Island,
Orknev.

SWEETHEART ABBEY. See NEW abbey.

SWENO'S STONE, interesting sculptured
ancient obelisk in vicinity of Forres, Elgin-
shire.

SWIN, sea-loch in west of Knapdale,
Argyleshire. It opens opposite southern
part of J ura ; strikes north-north-eastward
in such divergent line as to leave only a
narrow peninsula between it and Jura
Sound ; measures 10 miles in length, and
from 24; miles to 5 furlongs in width ; has
intricately-cut shores and wooded sloping
hilly screens ; and adjoins, at two miles
from its mouth, the ruined strong ancient
fortalice of Castle Swin.

SWINANESS, headland, with rare
minerals, on east side of Unst Island,
Shetland.

SWINDON, hill in Morebattle parish,
Roxburghshire.

SWTNDRIDGE, seat near Dairy, Ayr-
shire.

SWINEHILL, colliery in Dalserf parish,
Lanarkshire.

SWINEY, village, mansion, and ruined
feudal fortalice, 12 miles south-west of
Wick, Caithness. The village has a
public school with about 84 scholars, and
an inn.

SWINNA. See SWONA.

S WINNIE, place, with traces of ancient
camp, in Jedburgh parish, Boxburgh shire.

SWINSEY, affluent of the Annock at
Stewarton, Ayrshire.

SWINTON, village and parish in Merse
district, Berwickshire. The village stands
on Leet rivulet, 5 miles south - east of
Dunse, stands round a large green, and
has a post office, with money order de-
partment, under Dunse, an inn, an ancient
cross, Established and Free churches, and
2 public schools with accommodation for
232 scholars. Pop. 434. — The parish
measures about 4 miles by 3, and comprises
5561 acres. Beal property in 1880-81,
£11,364. Pop. 964. The surface is partly
a series of low, billowy, parallel ridges,
partly a series of interjacent level tracts.
Swinton House is a handsome modern
edifice on site of one of great antiquity.

SWINTON, village in Old Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 619.

SWINTON BANK, seat in northern
vicinity of Peebles.

SWONA, island in Pentland Firth, 3
miles west-by-north of southern extremity
of South Ronaldshay Island, Orkney. Its
length is 1J mile : its mean breadth less
than \ mile. Pop. 47. Whirlpools,
called Wells of Swona, are adjacent.

SWONA, lake, 5 miles in circuit, near
northern extremity of Pomona, Orkney.

SWORDLE, village in Stornoway parish,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 219.

SWORDLY, vale and bay in Farr parish,
Sutherland.

SWORDWELL, battlefield between
Scotch and English in Dornock parish,
Dumfriesshire.

SYDSERF, decayed mansion in North
Berwick parish, Haddingtonshire.

SYMINGTON, village and parish in north-
west of Kyle, Ayrshire. The village stands
5 miles south-west of Kilmarnock, and has
a post office under Kilmarnock, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 96 scholars. — The parish
measures about 4 miles by lj, and com-
prises 3725 acres. Real property in 1879-
80, £7467. Pop. 697. The land has
pleasant diversity of swells and slopes,
and is partly wooded and all elsewhere
arable. Chief seats are Williamfield,
Kosemount, Dankeith, and Townend.

SYMINGTON, village and parish in
upper ward of Lanarkshire. The village
stands adjacent to the Clyde, 7 miles
south-east of Carstairs Junction, and has
a post office under Biggar, a renovated very
old church, and a public school with

SYM 436

accommodation for 71 scholars. — The
parish measures 3 miles by nearly 1^, and
comprises 3504 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £5913. Pop. 462. The surface
includes a low tract of arable land along
the Clyde, and rises thence in high pastoral
land to the summit of Tinto Mountain.
Chief antiquities are vestiges of a camp
near the village, and remains of a castle
on the slope of Tinto.

SYMINGTON, seat in Stow parish,
E d inburghsh ire.

SYNNINESS, old castle on Luce Bay, 3
miles south-south-east of Glenluce, "Wigton-
shire.

SYNTON, seat in Ashkirk parish, Rox-
burghshire.

SYPLAND (LITTLE and MUCKLE), two

farms, with large ancient Caledonian forts,
in Kirkcudbright parish, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

SYSTER, lake in Dunnet parish, Caith-
ness.

TAARNER, islet at mouth of Loch
Bracadale, Isle of Skye.

TACTAGILL, burn in Sandsting parish,
Shetland.

TAFTSNESS, promontorial headland at
northern extremity of Sanday Island,
Orkney.

TAIN, town and parish on north-east
border of Ross-shire. The town stands
near south shore of Dornoch Firth, 44£
miles north - by - east of Inverness ; is
thought to have been the earliest chief
seat of bishopric of Ross ; was long the
capital of Ross-shire ; ranks now as the
political capital of Easter Ross, and as a
royal and parliamentary burgh ; unites
with Dingwall, Cromarty, Dornoch, "Wick,
and Kirkwall in sending a member to
Parliament ; presents an agreeable appear-
ance amid splendid environs ; and has a
head post office with all departments, a
railway station, 4 banking offices, 2 hotels,
county buildings of 1825 with fine spired
anoient tower, a public hall of 1876, a
memorial fountain of 1877, a collegiate
church of 1471 used till 1815 as parochial,
Established, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches, a famous academy, and 3 public
schools with about 339 scholars. Real
property in 1880-81, £5879. Pop. 1742 —
The parish contains also Inver village, and
measures about 9J miles by 4|. Real
property of landward part in 1880-81,
£6948. Pop. 3009. A low sandy plain
lies along the firth ; a gently sloping and
highly cultivated tract, more extensive
than the plain, occupies the centre ; and
a hilly tract, with maximum summit of
about 700 feet, lies along the south. Chief
seats are Hartfield, Rosemount, and
Knockbreck ; and an interesting antiquity
is a ruined small ancient chapel, which
had the privilege of sanctuary, and figured
curiously in the personal history of
James V.

TAN

TAING, hamlet on Fair Island, Shetland.

TAIRLOUR, head - stream of Girvan
river, Ayrshire.

TAIRTH. See Tarth.

TAIT'S CROSS, quondam notable monu-
mental stone on hill at head of Kirkhope
vale, in Selkirkshire.

TALISKER, seat, bay, and very bold
and lofty headland in north-west of Min-
ginish district, Isle of Skye.

TALLA, islet, with ruined ancient noble
castle, in Monteith lake, on south-west
border of Perthshire.

TALLA, rivulet, running 7 miles north-
ward and north-westward to the Tweed in
Tweedsmuir parish, Peeblesshire.

TALMINE, hamlet and bay on west
side of Kyle of Tongue, Sutherland. The
hamlet has a post office under Thurso.

TAMNAHARA, hill-summit, 530 feet
high, in Roseneath peninsula, Dumbarton-
shire. It adjoins a small lake, and com-
mands a very grand view.

TAMNATHERSKINS, hill in Killearn
parish, Stirlingshire.

TAMNAVOULAN. See Tomnavoulin.

TANERA, largest of the Summer Islands,
in west of Ross-shire. Pop. 119.

TANFIELD, small suburb on left side of
"Water of Leith in north of Edinburgh.
An extensive suite of fortress-like buildings
was erected here in 1825 for a purpose
which speedily collapsed ; and a large
hall formed within it was the meeting-
place of the Free Church General Assembly
from its origin in 1843 till 1856.

TANGLEHA, fishing village in St. Cyrus
parish, Kincardineshire.

TANKERNESS, hamlet, seat, and head-
land in St. Andrews parish, Orkney. The
hamlet has a public school with about 83
scholars.

TANNA, lake, 3J miles in circuit, within
a ravine of upper part of Gleniorsa, in
Arran Island, Buteshire.

TANNACH, seat and moss in "Wick par-
ish, Caithness.

TANNACHY, seat, 3J miles south-west
of Buckie, Banffshire.

TANNADICE, village and parish in
centre of Forfarshire. The village stands
on the South Esk, 5£ miles north of
Forfar, and has a post office under Forfar,
a handsome parochial church of 1846, and
a public school with about 97 scholars. —
The parish measures 12 miles by 8, and
comprises 21,328 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £15,611. Pop. 1254. The south-
ern district is part of Strathmore, and the
central and northern ones ascend gradu-
ally to skirts of Benchinnan Mountains,
with maximum height of about 800 feet
above sea-level. The seats are Downie-
park, Inshewan, Tannadice, Whitewell,
Easter Ogle, "Wester Ogle, Glenquiech, and
Wester Markhouse ; and the antiquities
are sites of three sepulchral tumuli and
two strong baronial castles. There are
3 schools with accommodation for 265
scholars.

TAN

437

TAR

TANNER, rivulet, running 11 miles
north-eastward to the Dee at 1| mile
west of Aboyne, Aberdeenshire.

TANTALLON, ruined strong famous
ancient castle on peninsulated lofty pre-
cipitous sea-rock, 2f miles east of North
Berwick, Haddingtonshire. It belonged,
in the time of Robert II., and till 1455, to
the Earls of Douglas ; it possessed then
such force against assailants that to ' ding
it doon ' became proverbially as impossible
as to ' mak' a brig to the Bass ; ' it passed
to the Earls of Angus, and served them to
give defiance to James IV. and James v. ;
it was besieged and captured in 1639 by
the Covenanters ; and it went, by sale, in
beginning of 18th century, to Lord Presi-
dent Dalrymple, and was then relinquished
to decay. It formed an irregular hexagon,
could be approached only by a drawbridge,
was defended there by very massive towers;
and it continues tolerably entire in its
outer walls, but is roofless, crushed, and
chaotic throughout its interior. A graphic
description of it, in its former condition,
occurs in Sir Walter Scott's Marmion.

TARANSAY, island off mouth of West
Loch Tarbert, in north-west of Harris,
Outer Hebrides. It measures 4^ miles by
fully 2, and consists of two considerable
peninsulated hills, and narrow sandy
isthmus. Pop. 55.

TARBAT, parish in extreme north-east
of Ross-shire. It contains Portmahomack
post office village and Balnabruach and
Rockfield villages, and projects between
Dornoch Firth and Moray Firth. Its
length is 1\ miles ; its' greatest breadth
4^ miles. Real property in 1880-81,
£8204. Pop. 1878. The coast measures
about 15 miles ; is partly cavernous, and
mostly bluff and rocky, but not high ; and
includes six natural harbours. The in-
terior is a plain, diversified by low rising-
grounds ; and the north-eastern district,
to the length of 5| miles, is a peninsula,
diminishing from a breadth of If mile to
the point of Tarbatness. The only man-
sion is Geanies ; the chief antiquities are
the large dilapidated noble castle of
Balone, remains or sites of five other castles,
and vestiges of a Roman camp and a
Roman landmark ; and an interesting
object is a beautiful piece of stone- work
called Dingwall's Tomb. The churches
are Established and Free ; and the schools
are 2 new ones with accommodation for
357 scholars.

TARBAT, estate from 2f to 7 miles
north-east of Invergordon, Ross-shire. It
has a modern mansion adjacent to site of
grand old demolished castle ; it belonged
to the Earls of Cromarty, and gave them
the title of viscount ; and it descended,
along with the title, to the lady who in
1849 became Duchess of Sutherland.

TARBAT, burn, running to left side of
the Don near Aberdeen.

TARBATNESS, terminating point of
Tarbat peninsula, 13 miles east-north-east

of Tain, Ross-shire. It has a lighthouse
with light constant in one direction but
intermittent in another, visible at the
distance of 18 nautical miles.

TARBERT, bay, seaport town, and
quoad sacra parish on west side of lower
reach of Loch Fyne, in Argyleshire. The
bay opens at 7 miles north of Skipness
Point ; is about a mile long, and nowhere
more than about 3 furlongs wide ; forms
first a narrow winding passage between
low ridges of naked rock, next a fine land-
locked natural harbour; bears the alter-
native name of East Loch Tarbert ; and is
separated by only a small isthmus from
head of West Loch Tarbert. — The town
stands at the bay's head ; carries on ex-
tensive herring fishery ; and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Greenock, a steamboat
quay, a banking office, 2 inns, Established
and Free churches, a public school with
about 135 scholars, and the ruins of three
ancient castles which commanded the
isthmus. Pop. of the town, 1621 ; of the
quoad sacra parish, 2017.

TARBERT, hamlet, with Free church,
at head of West Loch Tarbert, Outer
Hebrides.

TARBERT, hill in West Kilbride parish,
Ayrshire.

TARBERT, curving glen, about 9 miles
long, traversed by rivulet to south-east
side of Loch Eil at 3 miles south-west of
Fort- William, Inverness-shire.

TARBERT, glen, between Lochs Sunart
and Linnhe, in north of Argyleshire.

TARBERT, narrow sea -loch, striking
about 5 miles eastward from north end of
Islay Sound, and nearly bisecting Jura
Island, Argyleshire.

TARBERT (EAST), village in Harris,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 230.

TARBERT (EAST and WEST), two sea-
lochs on mutual boundary of Knapdale and
Kintyre, Argyleshire. The East loch is
called also Tarbert Bay, and has been
noticed in our article on Tarbert. — The
West loch has a steamboat quay at its
head within a mile of Tarbert town ; de-
scends 11 miles south - westward to the
sea opposite middle part of Islay ; has a
mean breadth of about f mile ; and is flanked
with ornate slopes and gentle hills con-
taining two villages and numerous villas
and mansions. A project was started in
1882 to connect the heads of the lochs by
a canal 18 feet deep and 56 feet wide,
estimated to cost £200,000.

TARBERT (EAST and WEST), two sea-
lochs, nearly bisecting Harris, Outei
Hebrides. The East loch commences
around Scalpa Island, strikes about 5
miles north-westward, is mostly from 4| to
nearly 2 miles wide, and forks at its head
into 2 small bays. — The West loch com-
mences within \ mile of one of these bays,
extends 6 miles westward, expands from
little more than a point to a width of i\
| miles, is overhung by precipitous lofty

TAR

438

TAY

mountains, and is screened across the
mouth by Taransay Island.

TARBET, village on west side of Loch
Lomond, 1^ mile east of Arrochar, Dum-
bartonshire. It stands on small bay
opposite main front of Benlomond, com-
mands an impressive view of upper reaches
of the lake, and has a steamboat pier and
a large hotel.

TARBET CASTLE, or FIDRAY, pictur-
esque islet, 3 miles west-north-west of
North Berwick, Haddingtonshire.

TARBET (EAST and WEST), two small
bays at east and west sides of isthmus
near Mull of Galloway, Wigtonshire.

TARBOLTON, village and parish in Kyle
district, Ayrshire. The village stands 4
miles west of Mauchline, was from 1777
till 1784 a habitual resort of the poet
Burns, adjoins or is near numerous objects
or scenes which figure in his writings, and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of Ayr-
shire, a railway station, 2 inns, Estab-
lished, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches, and 2 public schools. Pop.
922. — The parish measures 7 miles by
4, and comprises 12,059 acres. Beal pro-
perty in 1879-80, £23,571. Pop. 3599.
Ayr river traces most of the south-
eastern boundary. The land adjacent to
the river is low, and the rest consists
partly of arable hill-ridges. The seats
are Montgomery, Enterkin, Smithston,
Drumley, and Afton Lodge ; and chief
antiquities are ruins of Fail monastery and
traces of reputed Boman camp. There
were 3 schools for 465 scholars, and the
board abolished 2 of them for 295, and pro-
vided a new one and an enlargement for 430.

TARF, rivulet and railway station in
Kirkcudbrightshire. The rivulet runs about
11 miles southward to the Dee at If mile
north of Kirkcudbright ; and the station
stands adjacent to it, 3J miles from Kirk-
cudbright.

TARF, real head-stream of the Tilt, on
north border of Athole, Perthshire. It
rises and runs among the Central Gram-
pians, goes 9 miles eastward to confluence
with the nominal Tilt, and is all flanked and
overhung by alpine masses.

TARF, affluent of the North Esk in
Lochlee parish, Forfarshire.

TARFF, rivulet, running 7 miles curvingly
north-westward to head of Loch Ness at
Fort-Augustus, Inverness-shire.

TARFSIDE, hamlet in Lochlee parish,
Forfarshire. It has a post office under
Brechin.

TARLAIN, mineral spring on the coast
near Macduff, Banffshire.

TARLAND, village and parish in south-
west of Aberdeenshire. The village stands
on burn of its own name, 5 miles north-
west of Aboyne, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Aberdeen, 2 banking offices, Es-
tablished and Free churches, and a public
school. Pop. 374.— The parish has a main

body of about 5 miles by 4, includes a large
detached district about 8 miles to the west-
north-west, and comprises 17,353 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £6992. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1173; quoad sacra, 1051.
A considerable aggregate of low ground lies
along the course of streams, but most of the
surface is hilly or mountainous. Chief
seats are Skellater, Edinglassie, Candacraig,
and Inverearnan ; and chief antiquities are
remains of Caledonian stone circles, and
vestiges of an old noble castle. A small
Established church is in Migvie, and 3
schools for 236 scholars are in the parish.

TARLOGIE, estate in Tain parish, Ross-
shire.

TARNTY. See Trinity Gask.

TARRANSAY. See Taransay.

TARRAS, rivulet, running 9 miles south-
south-westward to the Esk at 2^ miles
south of Langholm, Dumfriesshire. It
has a rugged bed, an impetuous current,
and romantic banks ; and it gave the
title of earl in 1660 to a member of the
family of Scott.

TARRIEMOUNT, place, with slate
quarry, in Rathven parish, Banffshire.

TARRYCROYS, hamlet in Keith parish,
Banffshire. It has a public school with
about 84 scholars.

TARTH, rivulet, running about 8 miles
south-eastward to the Lyne near Drochil
Castle, Peeblesshire.

TARTY, eminence in Logie-Buchan par-
ish, Aberdeenshire.

TARVES, village and parish in Ellon
district, Aberdeenshire. The village
stands 6 miles west of Ellon, and has a
post office under Aberdeen, a banking
office, a parochial church with 870 sittings,
and a public school with about 64 scholars.
— The parish contains also Craigdam, mea-
sures 12 miles by 8, and comprises 16,303
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £14,841.
Pop., quoad civilia, 2558; quoad sacra,
1827. The land is partly low, partly
undulating and slightly hilly, and is
watered by the Ythan and numerous
burns. The only mansion is Schivas, and
the chief antiquity is the ruin of Tolquhon
Castle. A United Presbyterian church is
at Craigdam. Four schools for 444 scholars
are in the parish, and 1 of them and an
enlargement for 170 are new.

TARVIT, seat and hill, the latter
crowned by old tower 50 feet high,
in south-eastern vicinity of Cupar, Fife.

TAY, lake in Breadalbane district,
Perthshire, and river flowing thence to
influx of the Earn, and proceeding thence
as an estuary between Perthshire and
Forfarshire on the left, and Fife on the
right, to the German Ocean. The lake
commences at Killin ; extends, with slight
curves, to the north-east; measures 15
miles in length, about 1 mile in mean
breadth, and from 15 to 100 fathoms in
depth ; lies all in the bottom of a con-
tinuous glen ; and is flanked, on the left,
by Benlawers and its offsets ; on the right,

TAY

439

TEI

by a chain of heights more like hills than
mountains. The river receives, through
the lake, a line of head-stream descending
from a point about 7 miles north-north-
west of head of Loch Lomond; it goes
eastward, with northerly curve, to Logie-
rait, and there receives the Tummel,
descending from a distance of about 60
miles ; it proceeds mainly south-eastward,
but with great curves and sinuosities, to
the influx of the Earn ; it traverses, to
that point, a rich, diversified, picturesque
valley, flanked variously by grand moun-
tains, beautiful hills, and rolling banks ;
and it proceeds, as an estuary, about 26
miles, mainly east-north-eastward, with
width of from f mile to 9 miles, flanked
variously by carse lands, slopes, and
gentle heights. Its length, measured
from remotest head-stream, but excluding
sinuosities, is 115 miles ; its extent of
basin is about 2500 square miles ; and its
volume of water, carried to its estuary,
averages 218,400 cubic feet per minute.

TAY BRIDGE, railway viaduct across
Firth of Tay, from west end of Dundee to
a point about Vj mile west of Newport.
It was authorized in 1870 on a capital of
£350,000 ; was commenced in July 1871,
and opened in June 1878 ; measured 3450
yards in length ; had, at its middle, a
height of 88 feet above high-water level ;
was constructed on the lattice-girder prin-
ciple, with supports on strong piers ; com-
prised 11 spans of each 245 feet, 2 of
each ,227 feet, and 72 of lesser length ;
and was connected at the ends with new
railway branches, giving direct communi-
cation from Dundee through the centre
of Fife. It was believed to have ample
strength for bearing any strain which
could be put on it, and for resisting the
most boisterous storm ; but on the evening
of 28th December 1879, during a strong
hurricane, and while a passenger train of
six carriages was traversing it northward,
a portion of it, fully \ mile long, together
with the entire train, fell into the firth so
suddenly and darkly as to be unobserved
from the shore, and so completely as to
leave nothing standing in the long gap but
bare iron piers. A new viaduct, under
parliamentary sanction, was planned in
March 1881, to stand a little farther west
than the ruined one, to have a height at
the centre of only 58^ feet, to be laid with
a double line of rails, and to possess such
differences of structure from the former
one as should make it both vastly stronger
and much more convenient ; and opera-
tions for constructing this were begun in
March 1882.

TAYFIELD, seat near Newport, Fife.

TAYHUIRST, place in Lismore and
Appin parish, Argyleshire. It has a
public school with about 71 scholars.

TAYINLOAN, village on west coast of
Kin tyre, 20 miles north-north- west of
Campbelton, Argyleshire. It has a post
office, with money order and telegraph

departments, under Greenock, and it
adjoins a ferry to Gigha.

TAYINLONE, place, with inn, 10 miles
north-west of Portree, Isle of Skye.

TAYLUN, bay in south-west of Coll
Island, Argyleshire.

TAYMOUNT, seat near Stanley, Perth-
shire.

TAYMOUTH CASTLE, seat of Earl of
Breadalbane, about a mile north-east of
foot of Loch Tay, Perthshire. It was
erected partly in 1580, but chiefly in
present century ; is mainly a great quad-
rangular four - storey structure, with
towers at the corners, and a large central
pavilion 150 feet high; underwent very
costly improvement for reception of Queen
Victoria and the Prince Consort in 1842 ;
was further improved in 1879, at a cost of
about £4000 ; and has extensive and very
beautiful grounds.

TAYNABRUICH. See Tighnabeuaich.

TAYNUILT, hamlet about a mile south-
south-west of influx of river Awe to Loch
Etive, Argyleshire. It has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Argyleshire, a railway
station, and a hotel.

TAYOCK, burn, running south-south-
eastward to Montrose lagoon, Forfarshire.

TAYPORT, town, formerly called Ferry-
Port-on-Craig, on north coast of Fife.
Pop. 2605. See Feeey-Poet-on-Ceaig.

TAYRIBBI, village in Appin district,
Argyleshire.

TAYVALLICH, hamlet in North Knap-
dale parish, Argyleshire. It has a post
office under Lochgilphead, and a public
school with about 72 scholars.

TEAGUS, beautiful lake in Morvern
parish, Argyleshire.

TEALING, village and parish in south of
Forfarshire. The village stands 5| miles
north of Dundee, and has a post office
under Dundee, Established and Free
churches, and a public school. — The parish
contains also Newbigging, Balgray, Bal-
kello, and Todhills villages ; and it measures
about 5 miles by 4, and comprises 7227
acres. Keal property in 1880-81, £7831.
Pop. 757. The surface has all a basis of
fully 500 feet above sea-level, and ascends
northward to the summit-line of the Sid-
laws. Tealing House is the only mansion.
There are 3 schools with accommodation
for 253 scholars.

TEANASSIE, picturesque burn, entering
Beauly river at the Drhuim, in Inverness-
shire.

TEANINICH, estate in Alness parish,
Koss-shire.

TEARNATE, lake in Morvern parish,
Argyleshire.

TEASSES, seat in Ceres parish, Fife.

TECHMUIRY, place, with public school,
in Fraserburgh parish, Aberdeenshire.

TEITH, river formed by two head-streams
at Callander, and running thence 13 miles
south-eastward to the Forth at 2^ miles
west of Stirling.

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TBITH (BRIDGE OF), suburb of Doune,
Perthshire.

TELLERS, chalybeate spring in Drum-
blade parish, Aberdeenshire.

TEMPER, seat on the Tummel near
Kinloch-Pannoch, Perthshire.

TEMPLAND, village in Lochmaben par-
ish, Dumfriesshire. It has a post office
under Lockerby.

TEMPLE, village and parish in south of
Edinburghshire. The village stands on
the South Esk, 6£ miles south-by-west of
Dalkeith, and has a post office under
Gorebridge, a parochial church, and a
public school. — The parish contains also
part of Gorebridge and Stobhill villages ;
has a main body measuring 8f miles by 5 ;
includes a small detached district If mile
to the north-east ; and comprises 14,464
acres. Keal property in 1880-81, £19,551.
Pop., quoad civilia, 1551 ; quoad sacra,
541. The northern half of the main
body is mostly arable, but the southern
half is mostly occupied by the Moorfoot
Hills. Coal abounds in the north, and is
worked. Toxside is the only mansion, but
Arniston is adjacent. Established and
Free churches are at Stobhill ; another
Free church serves for Temple and Car-
rington ; and a United Presbyterian church
is at Gorebridge. Two schools are in the
parts exclusive of Stobhill quoad sacra
parish, and have capacity for 154 scholars.

TEMPLE, village in Largo parish, Fife.

TEMPLE, site of small establishment of
Knights Templars on Urquhart Bay, on
Loch Ness, Inverness-shire.

TEMPLECROFT, ancient burying-
ground, where stone coffins have been
found, in Fodder+y parish, Eoss-shire.

TEMPLE-DENNY, upper district of
Denny parish, Stirlingshire.

TEMPLE-GAVIN, ruined ancient chapel
in Thurso parish, Caithness.

TEMPLEHALL, remains of old fortalice
on the Clyde, Carluke parish, Lanarkshire.

TEMPLEHALL, seat in Kemback parish,
Fife.

TEMPLEHOUSE, site of peel-tower, on
land which belonged to the Knights
Templars, in Manor parish, Peebles-
shire.

TEMPLEHOUSE, old village, now called
'Darlington, suburban to Stewarton,
Ayr sb ire.

TEMPLELAND, seat in Forgue parish,
Aberdeenshire.

TEMPLELANDS, suburb of Strathmiglo,
Fife.

TEMPLELISTON, ancient parish, now
called Kirkliston, in Linlithgowshire and
Edinburghshire.

TEMPLETON, village in Newtyle parish,
Forfarshire.

TENANDRY, quoad sacra parish, com-
prising parts of Blair- Athole, Moulin, and
Dull, in north-east of Perthshire. It was
constituted ecclesiastically in 1836, and
politically in 1851. Pop. 497.

TENDAL, rivulet, running about 6 miles

westward toward Loch Creran, and mak-
ing _ picturesque falls, in Ardchattan
parish, Argyleshire.

TENTSMOOR, extensive low flat on
coast of Leuchars parish, Fife.

TEQULIATS, limework in Ceres parish,
Fife.

TERPERSE, estate in Tullynessle parish,
Aberdeenshire.

TERRAUGHTY, seat in Troqueer parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

TERREGLES, parish on east border of
Kirkcudbrightshire. It includes small
part of Dumfries burgh, and is partly
bounded by the Cluden and the Nith.
Its length is 4f miles ; its greatest breadth
2f miles ; its area 3842 acres. Peal pro-
perty of landward part in 1880-81, £6895.
Pop. of the whole, 471. Most of the
land is low, rich, and ornate ; and the
western part consists of hills variously
pastoral and wooded. Terregles House is
the seat of the Maxwells, representatives
of the Earls of Nithsdale ; and Terregles
Choir is part of a church of 1568, used
as the Maxwells' burying-place, and so
restored in 1875 as to show much artistic
grandeur. Lincluden College, a ruined
ancient collegiate church, is on the east
border. The public school has capacity
for 60 scholars.

TERRINGZEAN, ruined ancient noble
seat in Old Cumnock parish, Ayrshire.

TERRY, ruined old chapel in Leochel
parish, Aberdeenshire.

TERVIE, affluent of the Aven in Inver-
aven parish, Banffshire.

TEVIOT, river, rising among mountains
on south-west verge of Roxburghshire,
and running about 36 miles north-east-
ward, all within Poxburghshire, to the
Tweed at Kelso.

TEVIOTBANK, seat adjacent to the
Teviot near Denholm, Poxburghshire.

TEVIOTDALE, either the valley or the
basin of the Teviot, or, in a loose sense,
most or all of Poxburghshire.

TEVIOTHEAD, parish in extreme south-
west of Poxburghshire. It was formed in
1850 out of parts of Hawick and Cavers,
and it has a post office under Hawick.
Its length is 10 miles ; its breadth 8
miles ; its area 31,459 acres. Peal pro-
perty in 1880-81, £10,978. Pop. 486.
All the land, except in narrow vales or
glens, is pastoral or waste hill or moun-
tain ; and a number of its summits have
altitudes ranging from 1607 to 1996 feet.
The original church was Caerlanrig old
chapel ; a new church was built in 1856.
The public school has about 77 scholars.

TEXA, islet off south-east coast of Islay
Island, Argyleshire.

THAINSTON, seat and wooded hill in
Kintore parish, Aberdeenshire.

THANKERTON, village and ancient
parish in upper ward of Lanarkshire.
The village stands on the Clyde, 5 miles
south-south-east of Carstairs Junction, is
ancient but small, and has a post office,

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441

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with money order department, designated
of Lanarkshire, a railway station, and a
bridge of 1778. The parish is now united
to Covington.

THEODOSIA, quondam Eoman naval
station on ground now occupied by Dum-
barton.

THIEF'S BUSS, ravine on Cairn Hill, in
Strachan parish, Kincardineshire.

THIEF'S CAVE, cavern in lateral glen
off Glenalmond, in Monzie parish, Perth-
shire.

THIEF'S ROAD, old freebooters' moun-
tain-path from Border through Peebles-
shire to Mid-Lothian.

THIMBLEROW, hamlet in Hounam
parish, Roxburghshire.

THIRDPART, estate in Kilrenny parish,
Fife.

THIRLSTANE, modern mansion and
ancient tower in Ettrick Vale, 2 miles
north-east of Ettrick hamlet, Selkirkshire.
The mansion is the seat of Lord Napier,
and the tower was the stronghold of an
ancient Border riever.

THIRLSTANE CASTLE, seat of Earl of
Lauderdale on the Leader, adjacent to
Lauder, Berwickshire.

THOMAS (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Leith. Pop. 4363.

THOMASTON, strong old castle, \\ mile
north-west of Kirkoswald, Ayrshire.

THORLIESHOPE, seat in Castleton
parish, Roxburghshire.

THORN, mining village in southern
vicinity of Johnstone, Renfrewshire.

THORNHILL, town, f mile west of rail-
way station of its' own name, \i\ miles
north-north-west of Dumfries. It stands
on plateau about 5 furlongs east of the
Nith, commands a rich panoramic view,
consists of spacious, cleanly, boulevarded
streets, and has a head post office with all
departments, 2 banking offices, 2 hotels,
a market-cross, a museum, Established,
United Presbyterian, and Evangelical
Union churches, and a large public school.
Pop. 1289.

THORNHILL, village, contiguous to
Norrieston, in Kincardine parish, Perth-
shire. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Stirling, and a public school with about
186 scholars. Pop. 474.

THORNILEE, railway station adjacent
to the Tweed, 1\ miles west of Galashiels
Junction, Selkirkshire.

THORNLIEBANK, manufacturing town,
1J mile south of Pollockshaws, Renfrew-
shire. It has a post office under Glasgow,
a United Presbyterian church, and a public
school of 1878 with capacity for 500
scholars. Pop. 2156.

THORNMUIR, limework in Carluke
parish, Lanarkshire.

THORNTON, village and quoad sacra
parish in south of Fife. The village
stands at crossing of railway, 5 miles
north of Kirkcaldy, and has a post office
under Kirkcaldy, a railway station, a

parochial church, and a public school
with about 239 scholars. Pop. of the
village, 552 : of the quoad sacra parish,
909.

THORNTON, village in Carrington
parish, Edinburghshire.

THORNTON, village in Giammis parish,
Forfarshire.

THORNTON, hamlet, 4 miles from Keith,
in Banffshire. It has a post office under
Keith.

THORNTON, seat in Kilmaurs parish,
Ayrshire.

THORNTON, burn and quondam noble
castle in Innerwick parish, Haddington-
shire.

THORNTON, renovated old castle in
Marykirk parish, Kincardineshire.

THORNTON, glen, replete with lime-
stone, in East Kilbride parish, Lanark-
shire.

THORNTON, estate, with remains of
ancient Caledonian stone circle, in Bourtie
parish, Aberdeenshire.

THORNTON HALL, railway station be-
tween Busby and Hairmyres, on north-west
verge of Lanarkshire.

THORNTONLOCH, coast village, 6 miles
south - east of Dunbar, Haddington-
shire.

THORNYBANK, modern collier village
in Dalkeith parish, Edinburghshire.

THORNYDYKE, quondam village in
Westruther parish, Berwickshire.

THREE BRETHREN, mountain, 1523
feet high, 3J miles north-west of Sel-
kirk.

THREE KINGS, massive insulated rocks
off Cullen coast, Banffshire.

THREEMILETOWN, hamlet in Eccles-
machan parish, Linlithgowshire.

THRIEPLAND, head -stream of White
Cart, Renfrewshire.

THRIEVE, ancient castle on islet in the
Dee, mile west of Castle - Douglas,
Kirkcudbrightshire. It occupies the site
of a stronghold of ancient petty kings of
Galloway ; was erected as a palace-fort by
one of the Earls of Douglas ; served these
earls for maintaining their oppressing
sway and resisting the Crown ; passed to
the Maxwells, who became Earls of Niths-
dale ; was garrisoned for the Crown in
the time of Charles I. ; and is now repre-
sented by massive ruins.

THROSK, small harbour on the Forth,
4^ miles east-south-east of Stirling.

THRUMSTER, hamlet, seat, burn, an-
cient standing-stone, and site of ancient
church in south of Wick parish, Caith-
ness. The hamlet has a post office under
Wick.

THURA, estate in Bower parish, Caith-
ness.

THURSO, river, seaport town, and
parish in Caithness. The river rises on
north side of Morven Mountains, near
boundary with Sutherland ; runs 13 miles
north-eastward and 14 northward to head
of Thurso or Scrabster Bay ; takes down

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superfluence of at least 20 lakes ; and
was designed, in 1877, to be provided with
a harbour at its mouth, at a cost of about
£10,000. — The town stands at the river's
mouth, 20 miles by road north-west of
Wick, and 154 by railway north - by-
east of Inverness ; was founded by Scan-
dinavians, probably in 12th century, and
called originally Thor's Town ; served as
the capital of Caithness till superseded by
Wick ; is partly old and clingy, partly new
and handsome ; commands a striking view
across the sea to the bold south-western
coast of Orkney ; carries on extensive
export of pavement flag ; publishes a
weekly newspaper ; and has a head post
office with all departments, a terminal
railway station, 5 banking offices, 6 hotels,
a fine town hall, a museum, a free public
library, a monument to the late Sir John
Sinclair, an elegant Established church, an
elegant Free church, a second Free church,
Original Secession and Congregational
churches, an educational institution, and
a primary public school. Pop. 4026. — The
parish measures 7f miles by 7J. Real
property in 1880-81, £26, 981. Pop. 6217.
The coast includes the middle and western
parts of Dunnet Bay, with its western
expansion of Scrabster Bay, and its grand
flank of Holborn Head, and is flat and
sandy near the town, but rocky in most
other parts. The interior is prevailingly
flat, but rises gently from the shore, and
presents some breaks and undulations.
Old red sandstone underlies most of the
area, and is extensively quarried for both
building stone and pavement flag. Thurso
Castle is the seat of Sir John G. T. Sinclair,
Bart. ; and other mansions are Murkle
and Forss. Thurso Palace is the vestige
of an ancient episcopal residence ; and
Harold's Tomb is a monumental tower on
the grave of an Earl of Caithness who
flourished, in 12th century. Ten schools
for 1012 scholars are in the parish, and
1 of them and enlargements for 220 are
new.

THURSTON, estate in Innerwick parish,
Haddingtonshire.

TIBBERMORE, parish extending west-
ward from Perth. It contains Ruthven
village and small part of Perth burgh, has
a post office of its own name under Perth,
measures 6 miles by 3, and comprises
6140 acres. Real property of landward
part in 1880-81, £11,762. Pop. of the
whole, quoad civilia, 1883 ; quoad sacra,
1832. The surface descends from the
watershed with the Earn to the right
bank of the Almond, and is aggregately a
gradual declivity, but includes a large
plain, mostly engirt by abrupt descent
from the surrounding ground, and ex-
tending eastward to the Tay. Chief
features are a number of resident pro-
prietors' seats, Huntingtower Castle, the
site of a residence of several bishops of
Dunkeld, the site of an ancient convent,
and part of the scene of the Marquis of

Montrose's first battle with the Cove-
nanters. There are 2 schools with capacity
for 264 scholars.

TIBBERS, vestige of an ancient castle,
believed to have been originally Roman,
on the Nith, 2 miles north-north- west of
Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.

TIBBY SHIELS', hostelry at head of St.
Mary's Loch, Selkirkshire.

TIEL, rivulet, running eastward to Firth
of Forth at south end of Kirkcaldy,
Fife.

TIG, rivulet, running to Firth of Clyde
in Ballantrae parish, Ayrshire.

TIGERTON, village in Menmuir parish,
Forfarshire.

TIGHARY, or TIGYARRY, hamlet and
headland near parochial church, in North
Uist Island, Outer Hebrides. The hamlet
has a post office under Lochmaddy, and a
public school with about 112 scholars ; and
the headland has a cave, with vertical
aperture, which ejects a very lofty jet-
d'eau in times of storm.

TIGHNABRUAICH, village on Kyles of
Bute, 1\ miles south-south-west of mouth
of Loch Riddan, Argyleshire. It is a
recently formed watering-place, enjoys
pleasant views and environs, and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Greenock, a steam-
boat pier, 2 hotels, a chapel-of-ease, and
a public school with about 140 scholars.
Pop. 374.

TIGHNALINN, hamlet at head of Loch
Rannoch, Perthshire.

TILLANAMOLS, seat in Tyrie parish,
Aberdeenshire.

TILLER, burn, running westward to the
South Calder near Cleland, Lanarkshire.

TILLERY, seat in Foveran parish, Aber-
deenshire.

TILLICOULTRY, town and parish in
Clackmannanshire. The town stands on
the Devon, 3§- miles north-east of Alloa ;
is encompassed by picturesque scenery of
hill and Vale ; carries on extensive woollen
manufacture ; publishes a weekly news-
paper ; and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Clackmannanshire, a railway
station, 2 banking offices, Established,
Free, United Presbyterian, Congregational,
and Evangelical Union churches, and a
large public school. Pop. 3732. —The
parish contains also Coalsnaughton and
Devonside villages, measures 6 miles by
2|, and comprises 6946 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £18,599. Pop. 5344.
The southern section, comprehending
about one-third of the entire area, is low
and nearly all arable ; and the northern
one lies wholly among the Ochils, and con-
tains some of their loftiest summits. Chief
seats are Tillicoultry House and Harvies-
ton ; and chief antiquities are a Caledonian
stone circle, and remains of a circular fort.
Three schools for 876 scholars are in the
parish, and 1 of them for 600 is
new.

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443

TIP

TILLIEBREEN, hill-pass in Aboyne par-
ish, Aberdeenshire.

TILLIECHEWAN, seat in Yale of Leven,
between Balloch and Alexandria, Dum-
bartonshire.

TILLIETUDLEM, railway station near
Graignethan Castle, in north-east of Les-
mahagow parish, Lanarkshire. Craignethan
is the prototype of Tillietudlem in Sir
Walter Scott's Old Mortality.

TILLIMORGAN, hill, 1249 feet high, 9
miles east-south-east of Huntly, Aber-
deenshire.

TILLIORN, farm, with large Pictish
work, in Echt parish, Aberdeenshire.

TILLPHOUDIE, ruined mansion, once a
seat of the Gordons, in Aboyne parish,

TILLYANGUS, scene of skirmish in 1572
between the clans of Forbes and Gordon
in Clatt parish, Aberdeenshire.

TILLYCAIRN, sepulchral tumujus, near
some Picts' houses, in Aboyne parish,
Aberdeenshire.

TILLYDESK, hamlet in Ellon parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Ellon, and a public school.

TILLYFOURIE, railway station, 10|
miles west-south-west of Kintore, Aber-
deenshire.

TILLYGREIG, seat in Udny parish,
Aberdeenshire.

TILLYMINNET, charming glen in Gartly
parish, Banffshire.

TILLYMUICK, hill in Premnay parish,
Aberdeenshire.

TILLYNAUGHT, railway station, 2|
miles south-by-east of Portsoy, Banffshire.

TILLYOCHIE, manufacturing locality, 3
miles west of Kinross.

TILLYTHROWIE, vestige of ancient
castle in Gartly parish, Banffshire.

TILNEY, glen in Kildonan parish,
Sutherland.

TILT, small alpine lake and furious
alpine river among the Grampians, in
north of Perthshire. The lake lies on
north-east verge of Athole, and the river
issues from it and rushes 15 miles south-
south - "westward and southward to the
Garry in vicinity of Blair-Athole village.
See Glentilt.

TILWHILLY, seat and limeworks on
right side of the Dee, in eastern vicinity
of Banchory, Kincardineshire.

TIMAH, rivulet, running about 6 miles
northward to the Ettrick at about a mile
east of Ettrick hamlet, Selkirkshire.

TIMPENDEAN, ruined tower on right
side of the Teviot, in Jedburgh parish,
Roxburghshire.

TINA, quondam Roman station, alleged
to have been on the North Esk, in Stricka-
throw parish, Forfarshire.

TINGWALL, hamlet and parish in Shet-
land. The hamlet lies at head of long
narrow bay, 4 miles north-west of Lerwick,
and has a post office under Lerwick. — The
parish contains also Scalloway village and
Whiteness hamlet, each with post office

under Lerwick ; comprehends a section of
Mainland extending from the Atlantic at
Scalloway to the North Sea at Rova Head ;
includes the inhabited islands of Hildesay,
Langa, Linga, and Oxna ; is so much in-
dented, in its Mainland section, by sea-
lochs and bays as to contain no point
farther than 2 miles from the sea ; and,
measured across marine intersections, has
a length of about 19 miles, and a maximum
breadth of 10 miles. Real property in
1880-81, £4169. Pop. 2385. The Main-
land section is divided into two districts
by a hill-ridge ; comprises two parallel
straths nearly at right angles with the
ridge ; and is diversified by Tingwall,
Girlsta, Asta, and Strom lakes, and some
others. Lawting Islet, in Tingwall Lake,
was the seat of Scandinavian supreme
administration over all Shetland. Many
tumuli and remains of ancient chapels are
in the parish, and many stone axes and
flint arrow-heads have been found. The
present churches are 2 Established, 2
Congregational, and 1 Baptist. There
are 6 schools for 376 scholars, and 5 of
them for 320 are new.

TINNIS, fragment of very strong ancient
fortalice, on steep conical hill, with ex-
tensive view, 1J mile south of influx of
Biggar rivulet to the Tweed, in Peebles-
shire.

TINNIS, rivulet, running to right side
of the Liddel at 3 miles south of New-
castleton, Roxburghshire ; and hill, 1326
feet high, adjacent to the rivulet.

TINTO, isolated mountain, 2335 feet
high, culminating at 2f miles west-south-
west of Symington, in upper ward of
Lanarkshire. It was long a beacon-post,
is crowned with a huge ancient cairn, and
commands a very grand and extensive
view.

TINWALD, parish, with church i\ miles
north-north-east of Dumfries. It con-
tains Amisfield post office village, and two
other small villages, measures 5| miles
by 4^, and comprises 10,283 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £11,124. Pop. 861.
A band of low flat country extends along
the north ; a broader band of low flat
country, partly reclaimed from Lochar
moss, extends along the west ; and a
broad hill-ridge, with summits upwards
of 500 feet high, but nearly all arable,
occupies most of the rest of the area, and
is prolonged southward into Torthorwald.
Tinwald House is a seat of the Marquis of
Queensberry ; other seats are Amisfield
and Glenae ; and chief antiquities are
Amisfield Castle and a Caledonian fort.
There are 2 schools with accommodation
for 191 scholars.

TIPPERLIN, quondam village, J mile
west of Morningside, Edinburgh.

TIPPERTY, place, with public school, in
Fordoun parish, Kincardineshire.

TIPPERTY, hill and remarkably copious
spring in Alvah parish, Banffshire.

TIPPET, hill, with source of Little

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444

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Clyde, in Crawford parish, Lanark-
shire.

TIRALLY, small bay on east coast of
Kirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire.

TIREE. See Ttree.

TIREFOOR, ruined Scandinavian watch-
tower, with two circular, concentric, un-
cemented walls, on south-east side of
Lismore Island, Argyleshire.

TIRIVEE, bay on south-east of Barra
Island, Outer Hebrides.

TIRLUNDIE, hill, with slope occupied
by New Pitsligo, Aberdeenshire.

TIRRIE, rivulet, running about 10 miles
south-south-eastward to Loch Shin in
western vicinity of Lairg, Suther-
land.

TISTER, a seat of the Earl of Caithness
in Bower parish, Caithness.

TITWOOD, estate in Benfrewshire sec-
tion of Govan parish.

TOBERACRAIG, medicinal spring in
Halkirk parish, Caithness.

TOBERMASSAN, spring, formerly^ of
great medicinal note, in Loth parish,
Sutherland.

TOBERMORY, seaport town and quoad
sacra parish on Mull Island, Argyleshire.
The town stands on spacious well-sheltered
bay, 28 miles north-west-by-west of Oban ;
was founded in 1788 ; took its name,
signifying ' Mary's Well,' from a fountain
dedicated in old times to the Virgin ;
presents, with contiguous heights, a plea-
sant appearance in form of amphitheatre ;
is a focus of trade and commerce for most
of Mull and much of the neighbouring
mainland ; and has a post office, with
money order and telegi-aph departments,
under Oban, 2 banking offices, a hotel, a
court-house, 2 good quays, a parochial
church of 1827, a Free church of 1879,
Baptist and Boman Catholic churches, and
2 public schools with about 185 scholars.
Pop. 1131. — The parish was constituted
ecclesiastically in 1837, and politically in
1845, and measures about 6 miles in length
and nearly 2 miles in mean breadth.
Pop. 1273.

TOBERNAREAL, scene of skirmish in
16th century between the Grahams and
the Stewarts, in Port-of-Monteith parish,
Perthshire.

TOBERONOCHY, bay and village on east
side of Luing Island, Argyleshire.

TOCHIENEAL, place, with distillery and
mineral spring, in Cullen parish, Banff-
shire.

TOD CRAIGS, romantic ravine on hill
near Yetholm, Boxburghshire.

TODDERANCE, seat, now called Lin-
trose, in Kettins parish, Forfarshire. It
gave the title of Lord Todderance to a lord
of Session.

TODHEAD, headland, 3f miles north-
north-east of Bervie, Kincardineshire.

TODHILLMUIR, seat in Lochmaben
parish, Dumfriesshire.

TODHILLS, hamlet in Tealing parish,
Forfarshire.

TODHOLES, quondam strong fortalice
in Dunsyre parish, Lanarkshire.

TODSHAW, tract, with three ancient
camps, in Boberton parish, Boxburghshire.

TOD'S HOLE, coast-cave between Dunbuy
and Bullers-of-Buchan, Aberdeenshire.

TOD'S MILL, deep rocky dens in Borrow-
stownness parish, Linlithgowshire.

TOFTHOLM, place, with ancient strong
circular entrenchment, in Castleton parish,
Boxburghshire.

TOFTINGALL, seat of Sir Patrick M.
Threipland, Bart. , and lake about 5 miles
in circuit, in Watten parish, Caithness.

TOFTSNESS. See Taftsness.

TOLBOOTH, parish, with Established and
Free churches, in Edinburgh. Pop. 2229.

TOLLA, lake and rivulet in Glenorchy
parish, Argyleshire. The lake lies about
11 miles north-east of Dalmally ; measures
about 4 miles by 1 ; is adjoined by Inver-
oran inn, Ardvrecknish shooting-lodge,
and Achallader Castle ; and sends off the
river Orchy. — The rivulet rises at south-
west corner of Bannoch Moor, and runs 8
miles south-westward to the lake.

TOLLCROSS, town, nominally 3 miles
south-east of Glasgow. It has a post office
under Glasgow, and Free and United Pres-
byterian churches, and is near Tollcross
House, Dalbeth Convent, and Clyde iron-
works. Pop. 3533.

TOLLIE, ancient parish, now part of
Foddarty, Boss-shire.

TOLLIS, hill, with ancient camp, on
north border of Lauder parish, Berwick-
shire.

TOLLO. hill in Banchory-Devenick par-
ish, Kincardineshire.

TOLLPARK, farm, with vestiges _ of
Antoninus' Wall, in Cumbernauld parish,
Dumbartonshire.

TOLLY, small lake and site of ancient
castle near head of Loch Ewe, on west
coast of Boss-shire.

TOLQUHON, ruined castle of 16th century
in Tarves parish, Aberdeenshire.

TOLSTA, village and headland in Storno-
way parish, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 597.

TOMACHAR, hamlet in Port-of-Monteith
parish, Perthshire.

TOMACHASTEL. See Tomnachastle.

TOMACHORACHASICH, small round
hill, with alleged grave of Scandinavian
prince, near head of Loch Eck, Argyleshire.

TOMANDOUN, place, with inn, in upper
part of Glengarry, Inverness-shire.

TOMANTOUL. See Tomintoul.

TOMATIN, hamlet, 16 miles east-south-
east of Inverness. It has a post office
under Inverness, and a public school.

TOMBAE, place, with Boman Catholic
chapel, in Glenlivet, Banffshire.

TOMBEA, place at foot of Loch Lub-
naig, Perthshire.

TOMENBOWIE, ancient burying-ground
and ruined chapel in Monzie part of Glen-
almond, Perthshire.

TOMICH, place, with post office under
Beauly, Inverness-shire.

TOM

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TOR

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TOMINTOUL, village and quoad sacra
parish near south-western extremity of
Banffshire. The village stands on the
river Aven, 14 miles south-east of Gran-
town, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Ballindalloch, Established and Roman
Catholic churches, and a public school
with about 147 scholars. Pop. 478. —
The parish was constituted ecclesiastically
in 1833, and politically in 1845. Pop.
686.

TOMMORE, burn in Inveraven parish,
Banffshire.

TOMNACHASTLE, beautiful eminence,
3 miles east of Comrie, Perthshire. It
has a height of 434 feet above sea-level,
and commands delightful views. An
ancient strong castle of the Earls of
Strathearn surmounted it ; and a monu-
ment to Sir David Baird, a granite obelisk
82 feet high, was erected on the castle's
site in 1832, suffered severe damage from
lightning in 1878, and was restored at a
cost of about £1250.

TOMNACLAG, summit of Inchtavanach
Island, in Loch Lomond.

TOMNACROSS, place in Kiltarlity par-
ish, Inverness-shire. It has a public
school with about 140 scholars.

TOMNAHIVRIGH, small hill, with an-
cient Caledonian stone circle, in Coull
parish, Aberdeenshire.

TOMNAHURICH, isolated, diluvial,
wooded eminence about a mile south-west
of Inverness. It is traced with charming
walks, and partly occupied by recent
ornate cemetery.

TOMNARROCH, burn, entering the
Findhorn in Ardclach parish, Nairn-
shire.

TOMNAVOULIN, place in Glenlivet,
Banffshire. It has a post office under
Craigellachie.

TOMONT, hill, 1652 feet high, 4|
miles south-south-east of Crawford, Lan-
jl i*lc s li ire

TOMRAWER, estate in Kilsyth parish,
Stirlingshire.

TON, affluent of the Don in Kemnay
parish, Aberdeenshire.

TONDERGHIE, estate in Whithorn par-
ish, Wigtonshire.

TONG, village, headland, and rivulet on
west side of Broad Bay, in Stornoway par-
ish, Outer Hebrides.

TONGLAND, parish lying along right
side of the Dee to a point 2 miles north-
north-east of Kirkcudbright. It has a
post office under Kirkcudbright, and
contains the post office village of Ring-
ford. Its length is 6| miles ; its breadth
from ^ mile to 5^ miles ; its area
9738 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£10,131. Pop. 829. The surface is
variously fiat, sloping, ridgy, and rugged ;
and part of it is moorish, but most is
arable. The seats are Argrennan, Queens-
hill, Valleyfield, Barcaple, and Upper
Barcaple ; and the chief antiquity is a

fragment of a priory of 12th century.
The churches are Established and Free ;
and there is a public school with about 65
scholars.

TONGUE, village and parish on north
coast of Sutherland. The village stands
on Kyle of Tongue, 44 miles west-south-
west of Thurso, is sometimes called Kirki-
boll, and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, designated of
Sutherlandshire, a ferry station, an inn,
Established and Free churches, and a public
school with about 60 scholars. — The parish
contains also three other villages, includes
several islets, and measures about 20 miles
by 12. Real property in 1880-81, £4635.
Pop. 1929. The coast extends from
Torrisdale Bay to "VVhitenhead, has nume-
rous intersections, and is mostly high and
rocky, partly lofty, mural, and romantic.
A valley opens at middle of the coast ;
ascends through the interior to the ex-
treme south-south-west ; is grandly over-
hung, in the upper parts, on respectively
the east and the west sides, by Benloyal
and Benhope ; has high hill-screens also
in the lower part ; is occupied along the
bottom there, to the length of 8 miles,
by Kyle of Tongue ; and, in the aggregate
aspect, looks like a vast amphitheatre.
Only about 1000 acres are in tillage.
Tongue House, on the Kyle, about a mile
below the village, is a seat of the Duke of
Sutherland ; and Castle Varrich, a little
above the village, is the shell of an old
square fortalice. A Free church is at
Melness. Three schools for 355 scholars
are in the parish, and 1 of them and an
enlargement for 140 are new.

TONLEY, seat in Tough parish, Aber-
deenshire.

TOOKQUAY, bay, 4J miles wide at
entrance and 5 miles long, in south-west
of Westray Island, Orkney.

TOR, head-stream of the White Cart,
Renfrewshire.

TOR, hill in Ecclesmachan parish, Lin-
lithgowshire.

TOR, glen in Kirkmichael parish, Dum-
friesshire.

TOR, eminence, with ancient encamp-
ment lines, near Aberfeldy, Perth-
shire.

TOR-A-BHEAN, hill-ridge, nearly 300
feet high, with traces of ancient ramparts
and ditches, about a mile south-west of
Inverness.

TOR-ACHILTIE, beautiful wooded hill
overhanging Loch Achiltie, in south-east of
Ross-shire.

TOR-ALVIE, conspicuous hill-like crag,
crowned by huge cairn-monument to the
heroes of Waterloo, in Alvie parish, Inver-
ness-shire.

TORBANEHILL, rich mineral field in
Bathgate parish, Linlithgowshire.

TORBANK, seat near Birnam, Perth-
shire.

TORBECK, hill in Tundergarth parish,
Dumfriesshire.

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446

TOR

TORBOLL, hill-ridge in north-east of
Dornoch parish, Sutherland.

TORBRAX, morass with copious spring
forming Luggie rivulet, in Cumbernauld
parish, Dumbartonshire.

TORBREX, village between St. Ninians
and Cambusbarron, Stirlingshire.

TORCASTLE, ruined old castle of the
Cummings in Dallas parish, Elginshire.

TORCASTLE, fragment of ancient
stronghold of the Mackintoshes, 1^ mile
north-east of Bannavie, Inverness-shire.

TORCORSE, hill in Tarbolton parish,
Ayrshire.

TORDOFF, small headland, miles east-
south-east of Annan, Dumfriesshire.

TORE, place on south-east border of
Ross-shire. It has a post office under In-
verness.

TORE, rivulet, traversing deep wooded
glen to Moray Firth at 9 \ miles east of Banff.

TORGARROW, burn, running to the
Findhorn, and making a fine cascade, in
Ardclach parish, Nairnshire.

TORGUIL, place, with inn, in Glen-
moriston, Inverness-shire.

TORHEAD, skirmish -field of 1297, in
Kirkmichael parish, Dumfriesshire.

TORHILL, wooded eminence, with villas,
near Birnam, Perthshire.

TORHOUSE, place, with ancient Cale-
donian stone circle, 3 miles west of
"Wigton.

TORK, hill in Dunlichity section of
Daviot parish, Inverness-shire.

TORLIN, rivulet, traversing narrow glen
southward to the sea at Lag, on south
coast of Arran Island, Buteshire.

TORLISK, seat on Loch-na-Keal, west
coast of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

TORLUM, conspicuous conical wooded
hill, 1291 feet high, 3| miles south-east
of Crieff, Perthshire.

TORMAID, lake in Eeay parish, Caith-
ness.

TORMORE, place, with Caledonian
monuments, near mouth of Mauchry
rivulet, on west coast of Arran Island,
Buteshire.

TORMORE, cascade on rivulet running
to head of Loch Rannoch, Perthshire.

TORNAGRAIN, spring, with intermittent
spouts, called Boiling Fountain, in Petty
parish, Inverness-shire.

TORNAVEEN, hamlet in Kincardine
O'Neil parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a
post office under Aberdeen, and a public
school with about 113 scholars.

TORNESS, headland in south of Stron-
say Island, Orkney.

TORNESS, place, with preaching-station,
in Strathcrrick, Inverness-shire.

TORNIDNEON, summit, 1057 feet high,
If mile south-east of Lochranza, Arran
Island, Buteshire.

TOROGAY, islet between North Uist
and Bernera, Outer Hebrides.

TOROSAY, parish in east-south-east and
centre of Mull Island, Argyleshire. It
contains Auchnacraig and Salen post office

villages, and includes all Kinlochspelvie
and part of Salen quoad sacra parishes.
Its extent along the coast, exclusive of
sinuosities, is about 22 miles ; its length,
by shortest road southward through the
interior, is 12 miles ; and its breadth from
east to west varies from 3J to 1&? miles.
Real property in 1880-81, £9270/ Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1102 ; quoad sacra, 791.
The surface is mountainous, and rises to
the summits of Bentaluidh and Benmore,
but includes three considerable glens, and
comprises about 7500 acres of ploughed
land. Chief seats are Achnacroish and
Lochbuy House ; and chief antiqvrities are
Duart Castle and ruins of two small
chapels. The churches are 3 Established
and 2 Free. Four schools for 255 scholars
are in the parish, and 3 of them for 220
are new.

TORPHICHEN, village and parish in
west of Linlithgowshire. The village
stands 1\ miles north-by- west of Bathgate ;
was the Scottish seat of the Knights of St.
John of Jerusalem ; retains an interesting
portion of their preceptory church ; contains
vestiges of other ancient massive buildings ;
gives the peerage title of baron to the
family of Sandilands ; and has a post office
under Bathgate, Established and Free
churches, and 2 public schools. Pop.
358. — The parish contains also Black-
ridge village, measures about 10 miles by
2h, and comprises 9939 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £12,029. Pop. 1526.
The north-eastern section includes the
highest summit in the county, and, as
compared with the rest of the county, is
strongly tumulated and boldly hilly ; and
the south-western section is extensively
moorish. Chief seats are the Preceptor}'-,
Wallhouse, Lochcote, and Crawhill; and
chief antiquities, besides those of the
village, are Kipp's old peel-like mansion,
Bedlarmie Tower, Bridge Castle, vestiges
of Ogleface Castle, a hill-camp, and remains
of a Caledonian stone circle. There are 5
schools for 445 scholars, and 2 of them for
210 are new.

TORPHINS, village, 24 miles west-south-
west of Aberdeen. It has a post office
under Aberdeen, a railway station, a bank-
ing office, a quoad sacra parochial church,
and a public school with about 112
scholars. Pop. of quoad sacra parish, 830.

TORQUHAN, seat in Stow parish, Edin-
burghshire.

TORQUIL'S, cave in hill above Dunrobin,
in Golspie parish, Sutherland.

TORR, estate in Rerrick parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

TORRA, rivulet in Barvas parish, Lewis,
Outer Hebrides.

TORRAN, rivulet, running to Loch
Shuriry, in Reay parish, Caithness.

TORRANCE, ancient parish, now part
of East Kilbride, Lanarkshire. Torrance
House within it stands on the Rotten
Calder ; and the church stood about J mile
from that mansion.

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447

TOU

TORRANCE, village near Kelvin Valley
Railway, 3 miles south of Lennoxtown,
Stirlingshire. It has a post office under
Glasgow, a railway station, a public school
with about 107 scholars, and a new first-
class school of 1882 with capacity for 160
scholars. Pop. 496.

TORRIDON, sea-loch, hamlet, and seat
in west of Ross-shire. The loch opens
opposite the north-east of Skye ; divides
Gairloch parish from Applecross; penetrates
13 miles east-south-eastward, but forms
three successive reaches separated by narrow
stiaits ; is 4 miles wide at the entrance,
and lh mile at the head; has Shieldag
village on shore of its middle reach ; and
is flanked by bold massive heights, variously
mural, shattered, and shelving, and rising
on one summit to an altitude of 3015 feet.
— The hamlet and the seat are at the loch's
head ; and the former has a post office,
with money order department, under
Auchna sheen, and an inn.

TORRIN, hamlet on east side of upper
part of Loch Slapin, Isle of Skye.

TORRINCH. See Inch-Torr.

TORRISDALE, bay and village, 2 miles
west of Farr, on north coast of Sutherland.

TORRISDALE, rivulet and seat in Saddell
parish, Kin tyre, Argyle shire.

TORRS, fine natural harbour on east
side of Kirkcudbright Bay, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

TORRS, farm, with copious spring and
remains of Caledonian stone circle, in
Kelton parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

TORRS, wooded heights in Kilbarchan
parish, Renfrewshire.

TORRVAULD, plateau, with charming
views, on right side of the Tay near Dun-
keld, Perthshire.

TORRY, fishing town on right bank of
the Dee, opposite Aberdeen. It has a post
office, with money order department, under
Aberdeen, a battery with fortification and
barracks, a pier, a Free church, and a
public school with about 115 scholars. Pop.
1281.

TORRY, seat in Torryburn parish, Fife.

TORRYBURN, village and parish in
south-western extremity of Fife. The
village stands on the coast, 4 miles west-
south-west of Dunfermline ; carries on
some little commerce ; and has a post office,
with money order department, under Dun-
fermline, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with capacity for 182
scholars. — The parish contains also New-
mills, Crombie, and Crombie-Point vil-
lages, and most of Low Torry. Its length
is 4ij miles ; its greatest breadth 2 miles ;
its area 3994 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £7691. Pop. 737. The surface
is pleasantly diversified, and commands,
from its higher grounds, very fine views of
the Firth and the Lothians. The rocks
are carboniferous. Chief objects are Torry
House and ruins of Crombie church.

TORRYBURNRIG, mountain, 6£ miles
west of Sanquhar, Dumfriesshire.

TORRYLEITH, lands on south border of
Udny parish, Aberdeenshire.

TORRY (LOW), village, chiefly in Torry-
burn parish, Fife, and partly in Perth-
shire.

TORSAY, one of the Slate Islands, sepa-
rated by only narrow straits from Seil and
Luing, in Argyleshire. It measures about
3 miles by 1, and has a smooth verdant
surface less than 200 feet high. Pop.
10.

TORSONCE, renovated old castle in
southern vicinity of Stow village, Edin-
burghshire.

TORTERSTON, barony on right side
of the Ugie, near Peterhead, Aberdeen-
shire.

TORTHORWALD, village and parish in
south-west of Dumfriesshire. The village
stands 4 miles east-north-east of Dumfries,
and has a post office under Dumfries, a
parochial church, and a public school. —
The parish contains also Roucan and
Collin villages, measures 6J miles by 3J,
and comprises 6831 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £7656. Pop. 990. The
north-western and the southern sections
are part of Lochar moss, and the rest is
the gentle western ascent and part of the
tabular summit of a softly-featured hill-
range continuous with that of Tinwald.
Torthorwald Castle, on the face of the
ascent, is a curious fragmentary thick-
walled ruin ; and when entire, belonged
to a natural son of Regent Morton, and
gave him the title of Lord Torthorwald.
There are 3 schools for 227 scholars, and 1
of them for 100 is new.

TORWOOD, village and remnant of
ancient extensive forest in north-east of
Dunipace parish, Stirlingshire. The forest
was a hiding-place of Sir William Wallace,
and the scene of Donald Cargill's excom-
munication of Charles II.

TORWOODLEE, seat and ruined large
ancient fortalice, 2 miles north-west of
Galashiels, Selkirkshire.

TOSCORTON, ancient parish, now part
of Stoneykirk, Wigtonshire.

TOTAGAN, place, with vestiges of cairns
and Caledonian stone circles, in Kilmuir
parish, Isle of Skye.

TOTE, seat in Snizort parish, Isle of
Skye.

TOTE-BROW, scene of Pictish encamp-
ment in Strathmartine section of Mains
parish, Forfarshire.

TOTHORL, fragment of ancient fortalice,
1J mile south of Douglas Castle, in Douglas
parish, Lanarkshire.

TOUCH, seat of Sir Henry J. S. Stewart,
Bart., on burn of same name, 2| miles
south-west of Stirling.

TOUCHADAM, estate in St. Ninians
parish, Stirlingshire.

TOUCKS, low hill in Dunnottar parish,
Kincardineshire.

TOUGH, parish, averagely 4 miles south-
east of Alford, Aberdeenshire. It con-
tains the post office of Whitehouse under

TOU

448

Aberdeen, measures about 5^ miles by 3,
and comprises 7108 acres. Peal property
in 1SS0-81, £5726. Pop. 681. The
surface is diversified, lies on a basis of
about 420 feet above sea-level, and includes
a summit upwards of 1500 feet high.
The only seat is Tonley ; and the chief
antiquities are two cairns, a Caledonian
stone circle, and a mediaeval monumental
standing-stone. The churches are Estab-
lished, Free, and United Presbyterian ;
but the last, though designated of Tough,
stands within Leochel. The public school
is new, and has capacity for 120
scholars.

TOUR, seat in Kilmaurs parish, Ayr-
shire.

TOURIELUM, section of Avoch parish,
Boss-shire.

TOWARD, estate in south - eastern ex-
tremity of Cowal, Argyleshire. It includes
Toward Point, crowned by a lighthouse, at
north side of entrance of Kyles of Bute ;
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Greenock, a
chapel-of-ease, and a public school; and
contains, about a mile west-north-west of
Toward Point, the splendid mansion of
Toward Castle amid finely- wooded grounds,
with ruined baronial fortalice of the
Lamonts.

TOWE, eminence, once a place of feudal
courts, in Cumbernauld parish, Dumbar-
tonshire.

TOWER, deep wooded glen, with site
of old castle, in Cockburnspath parish,
Berwickshire.

TOWER, picturesque steep hill, crowned
by lofty modern tower, in Kinfauns parish,
Perthshire.

TOWERHILL, seat in Kilmaurs parish,
Ayrshire.

TOWER-LINDSAY, ruined baronial fort-
alice on the Clyde, in Crawford parish,
Lanarkshire.

TOWIE, parish, containing Inverkindy
post office under Aberdeen, in Alford
district, Aberdeenshire. Its length is
about 8 miles ; its greatest breadth about
5 miles ; its area 12,150 acres. Beal
property in 1880-81, £5589. Pop. 759.
The surface is bisected by the Don, in-
cludes an inhabited tract of about 3£
miles by 2 along that river, and is else-
where hilly or mountainous and mostly
pastoral. Towie Castle, on the Don, be-
longed to the family of Forbes, was the
scene, in 1571, of a tragedy commemorated
in a famous old ballad, and is now little
more than a ruined square tower. Other
antiquities are large tumuli, two curious
standing-stones, two artificial mounds,
and ruins of five old chapels. The public
school is new, and has accommodation for
110 scholars.

TOWIE-BARCLAY, interesting old cas-
tellated mansion in Turriff parish, Aber-
deenshire.

TQWNEND, seat in Symington parish,
Ayrshire.

TOWNHEAD, quoad sacra parish in
north-east of Glasgow. Pop. 12,529.

TOWNHEAD, place with post office under
Castle-Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire.

TOWNHEAD, village in Penpont parish,
Dumfriesshire.

TOWNHEAD, seat and lake in Kilsyth
parish, Stirlingshire.

TOWNHILL, town adjacent to collieries
in Dunfermline parish, Fife. It has a
post office under Dunfermline, and a pub-
lic school of 1876, with accommodation for
400 scholars. Pop. 1862.

TOWN-YETHOLM. See Yetholm.

TOXSIDE, seat in Temple parish, Edin-
burghshire. It has a post office under
Gorebridge.

TRABOCH, barony in Ochiltree parish,
Ayrshire.

TRABOURNA, place, inhabited by George
Heriot's ancestors, in Gladsmuir parish,
Haddingtonshire.

TRADESTON, section of southern portion
of Glasgow, on left bank of the Clyde,
westward from Glasgow Bridge.

TRAILFLAT, village and ancient parish
in Dumfriesshire. The village stands 2J
miles north-west of Lochmaben, and the
parish is now part of Tinwald.

TRAILTROW, ancient parish, now part
of Cummertrees, Dumfriesshire.

TRALIG, lake discharging Oude rivulet,
in Kilninver parish, Argyleshire.

TRALIGILL, rivulet, running to head of
Loch Assynt in west of Sutherland.

TRANENT, town and parish on north-
west border of Haddingtonshire. The
town stands along the brow of a rising-
ground about a mile south-south-east of
Prestonpans railway station, and 3^ miles
east of Musselburgh ; appears on record
as Travernent in 12th century ; adjoins a
coal-field which has been worked from
that time till now ; presents an irregular
and unattractive appearance ; and has a
head post office with money order and
telegraph departments, a banking office,
2 inns, Established, Free, United Presby-
terian, and Methodist churches, and a
public school erected in 1876 at a cost of
about £6000. Pop. 2235.— The parish
contains also Cockenzie town, and Port-
seaton, Elphinstone, and Meadowmill
villages. Its length is 4| miles; its
greatest breadth 3 miles ; its area 5919
acres. Eeal property in 1880-81, £25,985.
Pop. 5198. The surface slopes gradually,
with gentle undulations, from the southern
boundary toward the sea, and has a maxi-
mum elevation of about 320 feet above
sea-level. The only mansion is St. Ger-
mains ; the chief antiquities are Elphin-
stone and Falside towers ; and interesting
grounds are the site of Seaton Palace and
part of the battlefield of Prestonpans.
Established and Free churches are at
Cockenzie. Stiell's education hospital is
£ mile north of Tranent town ; and 5
schools, with accommodation for 1141
scholars, are in the parish.

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449

TRO

TRAPRAIN, conspicuous steep conical
hill, 724 feet high, with extensive view,
4^ miles east of Haddington.

TRAQUAIR, hamlet and parish on south-
east border of Peeblesshire. The hamlet
lies f mile from right bank of the Tweed,
and' If mile south of Innerleithen ; gave
the title of earl, from 1633 till 1861, to
the family of Stuart ; and has a church
with 356 sittings, and a public school with
about 62 scholars. The post town is
Innerleithen.— The parish measures 7|
miles by 5^, and comprises 15,327 acres.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £7977. Pop.
754. The Tweed traces all the north-
ern boundary; and Quair rivulet goes
northward to it through the interior.
Belts of valley, with elevation of from
nearly 400 to about 500 feet above sea-
level, lie along the streams ; hills and
mountains, generally steep, lumpish, and
sombre, occupy most of the area ; and the
summits of Minchmoor and Gumscleuch
are on the southern boundary. About
3000 acres are in tillage, and about 600
are under wood. The 'Bush aboon Tra-
quair,' celebrated in song, was a grove of
natural birches, now represented by some
modern trees. Traquair House, formerly
the seat of the Earls of Traquair, is an
edifice of the time of Charles I., conjoined
to a very ancient tower ; and has a relin-
quished avenue approach with curious
entrance gateway, believed to be the
prototype of Baron Bradwardine's avenue
in Sir Walter Scott's Waverley. Other
seats are Glen, Cardrona, and Kailzie;
and chief antiquities -are Cardrona Tower
and several camps.

TRAVAY, bay in south-east of Tyree
Island, Argyleshire.

TREACHTAN, small lake in Glencoe,
Argyleshire.

TREALAVALL, lake, 11 miles south-west
of Stornoway, Outer Hebrides.

TREASLAND, seat in Snizort parish,
Isle of Skye.

TREES, seat near Barrhead, Benfrew-
shire.

TREESBANK, seat in Eiccarton parish,
Ayrshire.

TREFAD, lofty coast cliff in south of
Latheron parish, Caithness.

TREFOR, large steep artificial mound
in Bathen parish, Aberdeenshire.

TREIG, alpine lake and rivulet adjacent
to south-east side of Bennevis, Inverness-
shire. The lake is 7 miles long, but com-
paratively narrow ; and the rivulet runs
about 8 miles in a semicircular curve to
its head, passes through it, and proceeds
about 2 miles to the Spean.

TRENABY, estate in Deerness parish,
Orkney.

TRESHINISH, headland at north-west
extremity of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

TRESHINISH, group of pastoral islets
off north-west coast of Mull, Argyleshire.
It commences about 2 miles south-south-
west of Treshinish headland, extends about

4J miles south-south-westward, and com-
prises Bachmore, Bachbeg, Lunga, Fladda,
Cairnburgbeg, Cairnburgmore, and some
intermediate rocks.

TRESSNESS, peninsular headland and
district, with several tumuli and vestiges
of ancient chapel, in east of Sanday
Island, Orkney.

TRESTA, hamlet and bay in Fetlar
Island, Shetland. The hamlet has a post
office under Lerwick.

TREVIE, lake in Dallas parish, Elgin-
shire.

TRIALIVALL. See Trealavall.
TRIBBOCH, old tower in Stair parish,
Ayrshire.

TRINAFOUR, hamlet in Glenerichkie,
Athole, Perthshire.

TRINITY, town on Firth of Forth, ad-
jacent to west end of Newhaven, 2 miles
north-by-west of Edinburgh. It consists
largely of new villas, and has a post office
under Edinburgh, a railway station, a
long chain-pier, now used chiefly for
accommodation of bathers, and Free and
Episcopalian churches.

TRINITY, quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in Aber-
deen. Pop. 3069.

TRINITY COLLEGE, parish in north-
east of Old Town of Edinburgh. Its
former church was a famous edifice of
1462, on ground now covered by Noi'th
British Bailway premises ; and its present
church stands in Jeffrey Street, and was
erected in 1871-72, largely out of materials
of the old church. Pop. 1257.

TRINITY-GASK, popularly TARNTY,
parish on the Earn, averagely 5^ miles
east-by-south of Crieff, Perthshire. It
has a post office under Auchterarder, mea-
sures about 5 miles by 3, and comprises
5689 acres. Beal property in 1880-81,
£7330. Pop. 396. Part of the land is
low and nearly flat, and part rises gently
toward the north. The seats are Millearne
and Colquhalzie ; the antiquities are a
Boman causeway, a curious standing-stone,
and a ruined old castle ; and a noticeable ob-
ject is a well famous in the Bomish times for
alleged thaumaturgic properties. A United
Presbyterian church is at Kinkell. The
public school has capacity for 54 scholars.

TRINITY-MOOR, place of cattle fairs
about a mile from Brechin, Forfarshire.

TROCHRIE, village and ruined castle of
Earls of Gowrie, 4 miles west-south- west of
Dunkeld, Perthshire. The village has a post
office under Dunkeld, and a Free church.

TRODDA, pastoral island in Kilmuir
parish, Isle of Skye.

TROHOUGHTON, hamlet and eminence,
believed to have been a Boman station, 3
miles south-south-east of Dumfries. The
hamlet has a public school with about 97
scholars.

TROMIE, rivulet, running 15 miles
northward to the Spey at 2 miles east-
north-east of Kingussie, Inverness-shire.

TRON, parish, with Established and
2p

TRO

450

TUA

Free churches, in Old Town of Edin-
burgh. Pop. 1912.

TRON, parish, with Established and
Free churches, in central part of Glasgow.
Pop. quoad sacra, 4207.

TRONACH, ruined castle in Eathven
parish, Banffshire.

TRONDA, bay and cave in Delting parish,
Shetland.

TRONDRA, island, about 3 miles long
and nearly 2 miles broad, in southern
vicinity of Scalloway, Shetland. Pop. 133.

TROOL, glen and lake about 9 miles
north of Minnigaff village, Kirkcudbright-
shire. The glen contains a seat of the
Earl of Galloway ; is flanked by lofty
hills, partly precipitous, partly wooded ;
and was the scene of a skirmish, in 1685,
between Covenanters and Government
troops. — The lake lies in the glen, and is
2 miles long, and richly picturesque.

TROON, promontory, seaport town, and
quoad sacra parish in Kyle district, Ayr-
shire. The promontory projects into head
of Ayr Bay at 5 miles north of Ayr town,
measures about 1J mile in length and £
mile in breadth, and is low, rocky, and
curving. — The town occupies large portion
of the promontory ; figures strikingly in
views both from land and from water ;
possesses attractions as a watering-place,
and advantageous position as a port ;
communicates with Kilmarnock by a rail-
way of 1812, the oldest in Scotland ; com-
municates by coach also with a near
station of the coast -line railway ; and has
a head post office with all departments,
2 banking offices, a hotel, large harbour
accommodations, Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian churches, and a large
public school. The vessels belonging to
the port at end of 1879 were 9 sailing
vessels of 1855 tons, and 2 steam vessels of
150 tons. The entries during that year
were 2759 British vessels of 309,620 tons,
and 66 foreign vessels of 20,449 tons ; and
the departures were 2687 British vessels of
294,323 tons, and 67 foreign vessels of
19,842 tons. Pop. of the town, 2328 ; of
the quoad sacra parish, 2532.

TROQUEER, parish, containing Max-
welltown, on east border of Kirkcud-
brightshire. Its length is 8^ miles ; its
greatest breadth 4J miles ; its area
11,675 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
of Maxwelltown, £12,837 ; of landward
part, £16,104. Pop. of the whole, quoad
civilia, 5524; quoad sacra, 3454. The
surface extends along the right bank of
the Nith from head of Maxwelltown to a
point near Newabbey village ; rises thence
in the aggregate toward the west ; and is
divided into three sections by three parallel
ranges of heights, all of such gentle
elevation as to be wholly or chiefly arable.
Chief seats are Kirkconnell, Cargen,
Mabie, Dalscairth, Goldielea, Terraughty,
Carruchan, Cargenholm, Mavis-Grove, and
numerous handsome villas ; and a chief
antiquity is a circular artificial mound,

anciently a seat of courts of justice. The
parochial church stands on the Nith,
opposite extreme south of Dumfries ; a
quoad sacra parochial church and a Free
church are in Maxwelltown ; a Roman
Catholic church is at Kirkconnell ; and
4 schools, with accommodation for 710
scholars, are in the parish.

TROSSACHS, defile and quoad sacra
parish near south-west extremity of Perth-
shire. The defile commences 8 miles west-
by-south of Callander ; is adjoined there
by Trossachs Hotel, erected in 1852, and
overhung by a hill 1149 feet high ; extends
about a mile westward to foot of Loch
Katrine ; is a profound, dark, craggy,
wooded gorge, overtopped at the sides of
its west end by Benvenue and Benawn ;
took its name, signifying 'Bristled Land,'
from profusion of peaks and fissures on its
flanks ; could formerly be entered only by
' a sort of ladder composed of the branches
and roots of trees ; ' is now traversed by a
good public road, commanding impressive
views of its features ; and cannot be de-
scribed better than in the highly graphic
language of a well-known long passage of
Sir Walter Scott's Lady of the Lake.— The
quoad sacra parish comprises parts of
Callander, Aberfoyle, and Port-of-Mon-
teith. Its church, a small modern edifice,
stands on Loch Achray, and its public
school has about 38 scholars. Pop. 302.

TROSTRIE, lake in Twynholm parish,
Kirkcu dbrightshir e.

TROTTERNISH, district, comprehending
all Portree, Kilmuir, and Snizort parishes,
and small part of Bracadale and Strath, in
Isle of Skye. Most of it is peninsular north-
north-westward from the isthmus between
head of Loch Portree and Loch Snizort.

TROUP, headland, hill, burn, and man-
sion in Gamrie parish, Banffshire.

TROW-CRAIGS, a congeries of bold
rocks in the Tweed; 3f miles west-south-
west of Kelso, Roxburghshire. The river's
course through it, in ordinary times, is a
series of rapids and eddies ; in times of
freshet is wild foaming cataract.

TROWS, seat in Lesmahagow parish,
Lanarkshire.

TRUDERSCAIG, lake in Kildonan par-
ish, Sutherland.

TRUIM, rivulet, running 13 miles north-
north-eastward to the Spey at 6 miles
west of Kingussie, Inverness-shire.

TRUMISGARRY, quoad sacra parish in
North Uist, Outer Hebrides. It measures
about 17 miles by 12, and has Established
and Free churches. Pop. 881.

TRUMP AN, old church in Vaternish,
Isle of Skye.

TRUSTACH, estate in Banchory-Ternan
parish, Kincardineshire.

TRYNELAW, seat near Strathaven, Lan-
arkshire.

TRYST, old mustering place of free-
booters in Morebattle parish, Roxburgh-
shire.

TUACH, burn, running north-eastward

TUA

451

TUL

to the Don, in Kintore parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

TUACKS, sepulchral tumuli in Westray
Island, Orkney.

TUADH, sea-loch on west coast of Mull
Island, flanked on south side by Gometra
and.Ulva islands, Argyleshire.

TUBERNACH, lake in Clyne parish,
Sutherland.

TUDHOPE, mountain, 1961 feet high,
10 miles north-north-east of Langholm,
Dumfriesshire.

TUIMPAN, headland at northern ex-
tremity of Aird, in Stornoway parish,
Outer Hebrides.

TUITEAM-TARBHACH, battlefield of
14th century in Kincardine parish, Ross-
shire.

TULLA, island, with ruins of noble
mansion, in Monteith Lake, Port-of-Mon-
teith parish, Perthshire.

TULLIALLAN, parish, containing Kin-
cardine town, on the Forth, in detached
district of Perthshire. Its length is about
2§ miles ; its breadth nearly 2\ miles ; its
area 3586 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£9120. Pop. 2199. The land includes
part of a gentle broad-based hill, but
mostly slopes gently from northern bound-
ary to the Forth, and comprises a valuable
tract reclaimed and embanked from the
tide. Coal and ironstone are plentiful.
The chief seat is Tulliallan Castle ; and
the chief antiquities are the ruined, old
Tulliallan Castle, and the old church at
Overtown. The present churches are
Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian, and the public schools are 2, with
about 251 scholars.

TULLIBARDINE, place, with railway
station and public school, 1\ miles north-
north- west of Crieff Junction, Perthshire.
Tullibardine Castle, in vicinity of the sta-
tion, was a magnificent seat of ancestors
of the Duke of Athole ; underwent total
demolition near end of last century ; and
gives to the Duke of Athole the titles of
baron, earl, and marquis. Tullibardine
Chapel, in the same vicinity, is an old
well-preserved cruciform edifice, now the
burial-place of the noble family of Strath-
allan.

TULLIBODY, village and ancient parish
in Clackmannanshire. The village stands
2\ miles west-north-west of Alloa, claims
to have been founded in 9th century, and
has a post office under Stirling, a renovated
church of 12th century, a Free church,
and a public school with about 192 scholars.
Tullibody House, in the vicinity, is a seat
of Lord Abercromby, and was the birth-
place of Sir Ralph Abercromby. — The
parish is now annexed to Alloa.

TULLIBOLE, ancient parish, now annexed
to Fossaway, in Perthshire and Kinross-
shire. Tullibole Castle here includes a
fortalice of 1608, and belongs to Rev. Sir
Henry vV. Moncreiff, Bart.

TULLICH, small village and ancient
parish in south-west of Aberdeenshire.

The village stands 2 miles north-north-east
of Ballater, commands a charming view,
and has a public school with about 65
scholars. — The parish is now annexed to
Glenmuick.

TULLICH, burn in Mortlach parish,
Banffshire.

TULLILUM, site of ancient convent and
quasi-cathedral in east of Tibbermore par-
ish, Perthshire.

TULLIMOSS, skirmish-field of 1489 in
Port-of-Monteith parish, Perthshire.

TULLOCH, village and bleachfield, 2
miles north-west of Perth.

TULLOCH, hill and castellated mansion
on north side of lower part of Strathpeffer,
Ross-shire.

TULLOCH, lake in Rafford parish,
Elginshire.

TULLOCH, lands in Bellie parish, Elgin-
shire.

TULLOCH, burn, running to the Fiddich
in Mortlach parish, Banffshire.

TULLOCH, place, with public school, in
Abernethy parish, Inverness-shire.

TULLOCH, hill, 1541 feet high, with
splendid view, in Blair-Athole parish,
Perthshire.

TULLOCH, estate in Kiltearn parish,
Ross-shire.

TULLOCH, estate in Gairloch parish,
Ross-shire.

TULLOCHARD, lofty mountain, with
extensive view, on north side of Loch
Duich, in south-west corner of Ross-
shire.

TULLOCHGORUM, pristine seat of
branch of clan Grant on the Spey, nearly
opposite Abernethy church, Invemess-
shire. It has famous association with the
ancient music of Strathspey.

TULLO CH6RIB AN, small lake in
Duthill parish, Inverness-shire.

TULLOCH (LITTLE), hill, with remains
of curious ancient stair-like house, in
Aboyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

TULLOCH (NETHER and UPPER),
places, with quondam ancient Caledonian
remains, in Garvock parish, Kincardine-
shire.

TULLOES, lands in Dunnichen parish,
Forfarshire.

TULLOS, hill-skirt of the Grampians
in Nigg parish, Kincardineshire.

TULLYBEAGLES, detached section of
Methven parish, Perthshire.

TULLYBELTON, seat and hill in Auch-
tergaven parish, Perthshire.

TULLYDIVIE, hamlet in Edenkillie par-
ish, Elginshire.

TULLYMET, hamlet and seat, 4 miles
south-east of Pitlochrie, Perthshire. The
hamlet has a post office under Ballinluig,
and a Baptist chapel.

TULLYNESSLE, parish on left side of
the Don in Alford district, Aberdeenshire.
It contains Forbes post office under Aber-
deen, lies adjacent to Alford village, mea-
sures about 7 miles by 4, and comprises
11,279 acres. Real property in 1880-81,

TUL

452

TUR

£6034. Pop. 981. The tract adjacent
to the Don is valley, and the surface
thence ascends in somewhat parallel glens
and ridges to a lofty hill-range on the
northern and western borders. A chief
residence is "Whitehaugh, and a place of
chief interest is General Baillie's camping-
ground on eve of the battle of Alford.
There are 2 public schools with about 171
sell, ol £irs

TULLYPOWRIE, place, 1J mile from
Aberfeldy, Perthshire. It has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Ballinluig.

TULM, pastoral islet in Kilmuir parish,
Isle of Skye.

TUMMEL, lake and river in north of
Perthshire. The lake commences 9 miles
west-north-west of Pitlochrie ; is about
3 miles long and 7 furlongs wide ; has
diversified shores, beautiful flanks ascend-
ing to high undulating ridges, and a
grand sky-line, including Benvracky and
Schichallion ; is overhung by a grand
standpoint called the Queen's View ; and
contains, near its head, a wooded artificial
islet, with vestiges of an ancient fortalice.
— The river issues from the lake into a
narrow, romantic, Highland glen ; makes
there, at 1\ miles from the lake, a magni-
ficent fall of rapids, cataracts, and a ter-
minating leap of 18 feet ; proceeds thence
through a wider glen with softer screens ;
and runs altogether about 12 miles, in
demi-semi-circle, to the Tay at Logierait.
But the Gair rises near King's House,
within Argyleshire, traverses Loch Lydoch,
and goes eastward to head of Loch Ran-
noch ; and Rannoch river issues from foot
of Loch Eannoch, and goes eastward to
head of Loch Tummel ; and these are the
upper and the middle reaches of the same
river as the Tummel.

TUMMEL-BRIDGE, hamlet on Rannoch
river, .3 miles west of head of Loch Tum-
mel, Perthshire. It has a post office under
Pitlochrie, an inn, and a Free church.

TUNDERGARTH, parish, with church
3 miles east-by-south of Lockerby, Dum-
friesshire. Its length is 9^ miles ; its
greatest breadth 2\ miles ; its area 10,482
acres. Real property in 18S0-81, £8219.
Pop. 466. The surface is bounded from
end to end, on north side, by Milk
rivulet, declines all to that stream, and
has such prevailing ruggedness as to be
mostly pastoral. Tundergarth Castle was
an ancient fortalice, but is now extinct.
Existing antiquities are remains of ancient
Caledonian stone circle, traces of a Roman
road and numerous small camps. The
public school has about 75 scholars.

TUNILAW, lofty coast cliff, with remains
of Caledonian fort, a little north-west of
St. Abb's Head, in Berwickshire.

TURFHOLM, section of Lesmahagow
town, Lanarkshire.

TURIN, estate and hill, with craggy
summit crowned by remains of large
Caledonian fort, 4 miles east of Forfar.

TURINGS, quondam ancient tower in
Foveran parish, Aberdeenshire.

TURK, streamlet, running 5 miles south-
south-eastward down Glenfinlas to outlet
of Loch Achray, near south-west extremity
of Perthshire. It first traverses a profound
chasm, then runs some distance under-
ground, then emerges toward a gorge, then
makes along cataract, then glides into the
efflux from Loch Achray at Bridge of Turk.

TURLUM. See Toklum.

TURNAGAIN, eminence on Luncarty
battlefield, in Redgorton parish, Perth-
shire.

TURNBERRY, headland, with vestiges
of ancient castle, 6 miles north-by-east
of Girvan, Ayrshire. The castle was a
fortalice of the petty kings of Galloway ;
became the chief seat of the Earls of
Carrick ; went by marriage with Countess
of Carrick to Bruce of Annandale ; was
seized and garrisoned by the troops of
Edward I. of England ; and, by enterpris-
ing feat graphically described in Sir Wal-
ter Scott's Lord of the Isles, was stormed
and taken by King Robert Bruce.

TURNER HALL, seat, 2 miles north of
Ellon, Aberdeenshire.

TURNHOUSE, one of the Pentland Hills,
in Glencross parish, Edinburghshire.

TURNLAW, hill in Cambuslang parish,
Lanarkshire.

TURNNESS, headland at south-western
extremity of Hoy Island, Orkney.

TURNWHEEL, place at influx of Rotten
Calder to the Clyde in Lanarkshire.

TURRET, rivulet, running about 8^
miles south-eastward to the Earn in
western vicinity of Crieff, Perthshire. It
rises on Benchonzie ; expands soon into a
lake about a mile long, overhung by moun-
tains 2535 and 2571 feet high ; makes after-
wards a leap of 30 feet; and throughout most
of its course traverses a picturesque glen.

TURRIFF, town, parish, and district on
north-west border of Aberdeenshire. The
town stands on burn of its own name, \
mile south-east of influx to the Deveron,
and Htj miles south-south-east of Banff ;
is mostly old and irregular, but partly new
and well-built ; carries on some manufac-
ture and considerable inland trade ; and
has a head post office with all departments,
a railway station, 4 banking offices, several
inns, a renovated ancient market - cross,
Established, Free, and Episcopalian
churches, and 3 public schools. Pop. 2304.
—The parish measures 1\ miles by 5f , and
comprises 18,386 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £21,548. Pop. 4343. The
surface rises aggregately eastward and
south-eastward from the Deveron, but is
much diversified with flats, vales, undula-
tions, hills^and pastoral plateaux. Chief
seats are Dalgaty, Hatton, Muiresk,
Scobbach, Gask, and Towie-Barclay ; and
chief antiquities are cairns, tumuli, and
standing - stones. There are 5 public
schools with about 662 scholars. — The
district extends from northern vicinity of

TUR

453

TYN

Old Meldrum to vicinity of Banff, and
measures about 22 miles by 13.

TURRY, quondam ancient chapel in
Coull parish, Aberdeenshire.

TUSHIELAW, burn, inn, and old tower
in Selkirkshire. The inn stands at influx
of the burn to Ettrick river, 4£ miles north-
east of Ettrick hamlet ; and the tower
stands £ mile to the south-west, and was
the stronghold of the notable freebooter
commonly called King of the Thieves.

TWATT, place, with public school,
ancient burying- place, and site of ancient
church, in Sandsting parish, Shetland.

TWECHAR, village in Kirkintilloch
parish, Dumbartonshire. Pop. 671.

TWEED, river, chiefly in Scotland,
partly on boundary with England, and
briefly in England. It rises near centre
of Southern Highlands, at elevation of
about 1500 feet above sea-level ; runs pre-
vailingly north-north-eastward to Peebles,
eastward and sometimes east-south-east-
ward thence to Kelso, and variously north-
eastward and north-north-eastward thence
to the sea at Berwick ; and, measured in
straight lines, has a total course of about 100
miles. Its upper reaches traverse bleak high
moors ; its further reaches traverse narrow
vales, flanked by verdant or wooded hills ;
its still further reaches traverse a wide, rich
valley with fine diversity of sky -line ; and
its final reaches traverse a deep wood-
fringed bed through a great opulent cham-
paign. Its basin comprises about 1870
square miles ; and both its own waters
and those of its chief affluents afford
famous fishing.

TWEEDDALE. See Peeblesshire, That
county under this name gives the title of
earl and marquis to the family of Hay.

TWEED EN, burn, running to the Liddel
at ^ mile south of Newcastleton, Rox-
burghshire.

TWEEDHILL, seat in Hutton parish,
Berwickshire.

TWEEDHOPE, head-stream of the Tweed
in Tweedsmuir parish, Peeblesshire.

TWEEDMILL, place in Coldstream par-
ish, Berwickshire.

TWEEDSCROSS, hill, with site of ancient
cross, adjacent to source of the Tweed, on
south-west verge of Peeblesshire.

TWEEDSIDE, reach of the Tweed's vale
within Selkirkshire.

TWEEDSMUIR, parish in extreme south-
west of Peeblesshire. It contains Crook
post office under Biggar, measures 9 miles
by 8^, and comprises 32,469 acres. Beal
property in 1880-81, £8207. Pop. 215.
The boundary all round, except for about
2f miles in the north, consists of lofty
watersheds of the Southern Highlands,
and includes, in the south-west and south,
some of their loftiest summits ; and even
all the interior is a congeries of mountains
and lofty hills, diversified only by bogs and
narrow vales. The entire area is simply
the basin of the uppermost reach of the
Tweed. A chief residence is Oliver House,

and chief antiquities are vestiges of Oliver,
Fruid, and Hawkshaw castles. The church
was rebuilt in 1875 ; and the public school
has accommodation for 35 scholars.

TWEED'S WELL, fountain emitting head-
stream of the Tweed, 6f miles south-south-
west of Tweedsmuir church, Peeblesshire.

TWINLAW, one of the Lammermoor
Hills, crowned by two large conspicuous
cairns, in north of "Westruther parish,
Berwickshire.

TWISLEHOPE, burn, running to Her-
mitage rivulet in Castleton parish, Box-
burghshire.

TWYNHOLM, village and parish in south
of Kirkcudbrightshire. The village stands
3 miles north-north-west of Kirkcudbright,
and has a post office designated of Kirk-
cudbrightshire, a parochial church with
410 sittings, and a public school with 96
scholars. — The parish measures 9f miles
by 2^, and comprises 10,484 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £9670. Pop. 681.
The Tarf forms middle part of the eastern
boundary for nearly 2 miles, and the Dee
afterwards forms it to a point about 3
miles south of Kirkcudbright. The land
adjacent to the rivers is partly haugh ;
westward, in the south and in the centre,
is rolling and hillocky ; and in the north is
chiefly high pastoral plateau. Chief seats
are Compston and Barwhinnock ; and
chief antiquities are ruins of Compston
Castle and remains of Caledonian forts.

TYNABRUACH. See Tighnabruaich.

TYNDRUM, small village at head of
Strathfillan, amid wild mountain scenery,
34 miles by railway north-west-by-west of
Callander, Perthshire. It has a post office
under Stirling, a railway station, and a
large hotel.

TYNE, river, rising on east verge of
Edinburghshire, bisecting all Haddington-
shire, running altogether about 28 miles,
chiefly north-eastward, and entering the
sea about 2| miles north-west of Dunbar.

TYNE, large river, drawing brief head-
streams from south-east border of Rox-
burghshire, but having all its subsequent
course within England to the sea between
Tynemouth and South Shields.

TYNECASTLE, western suburb of Edin-
burgh.

TYNEHEAD, place near source of Tyne
river, 16 miles south-east of Edinburgh.
It has a post office designated of Mid-
Lothian, and a railway station.

TYNETT, burn and place, with Roman
Catholic church, in Rathven parish, Banff-
shire.

TYNNINGHAME, village, bay, noble
mansion, and ancient parish on north
coast of Haddingtonshire. The village
stands 5J miles west-north-west of Dun-
bar, and has a post office under Preston-
kirk, and a public school with about 87
scholars.— The bay is a small estuary at
mouth of the Tyne.— The mansion stands
about £ mile west of the bay, is the chief
seat of the Earl of Haddington, and has

TYN

454

TJDS

an extensive richly- wooded park. — The
parish is now united to Whitekirk.

TYNRON, hamlet and parish in Upper
Nithsdale, Dumfriesshire. The hamlet
lies on the Shinnel, 2f miles west-south-
west of Penpont, and has a post office
under Thornhill, a church, and a public
school. — The parish measures 9^ miles by-
Si, and comprises 15,683 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £5960. Pop. 416.
The surface consists chiefly of the
Shinnel's glen and two lofty flanking hill-
ridges. Tynron-Doon, at foot of the glen,
projects saliently from one of the hill-
ridges, has a profile fancied to resemble
that of a human face, is crowned by
vestiges of a notable ancient fortalice, and
figures very strikingly in many views to
the east. A Roman road went from the
Doon along the face of the hill-ridge to
the upper part of the glen, and has left very
distinct traces. There are 2 schools, with
jointly accommodation for 78 scholars.

TYREBAGGER, hill with granite quarry
in Dyce parish, Aberdeenshire.

TYREE, island and parish in Argyleshire
Hebrides. The island extends south-west-
ward on a line with Coll; lies, at its
north-eastern extremity, 2 miles south of
Coll, and 13 west-by-south of Treshinish
Point in Mull ; and measures 13 miles in
length, and from 1^ mile to 6j miles in
breadth. Its north-eastern and middle
parts have a mean elevation of not more
than 20 feet above high-water level ; its
south-western parts are diversified only by
eminences from 30 to 400 feet high; its
shores are sandy beaches and bays with
interspersions of ridgy rocks ; and its
entire surface is destitute of either tree
or shrub. Somewhat more than a third
is in tillage, and the rest is pastoral or
waste. A factor's dwelling-house, on the
site of an ancient castle, is a chief resi-
dence ; and standing-stones, Scandinavian
forts, and ruined churches are the chief
antiquities. The island has a post office,
with money order department, under
Oban, Established, Free, Congregational,
and Baptist churches, and 2 old schools
and 3 new ones, with aggregate capacity
for 498 scholars. Pop. 2733.— The parish
includes also Skerryvore Island. Real
property in 1880-81, £5636. Pop., quoad
civilia, 2733 ; quoad sacra, 1241.

TYRIE, hamlet and parish near north-
east extremity of Aberdeenshire. The
hamlet lies 5 miles south-west of Fraser-
burgh, and has a post office under Fraser-
burgh, a church with 400 sittings, and a
public school with about 92 scholars. — The
parish contains also New Pitsligo town,
and includes most of New Pitsligo quoad
sacra parish. Its length is 7^ miles ; its
greatest breadth 3^ miles ; its area 11,182
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £10,060.
Pop., quoad civilia, 3391; quoad sacra,
871. The surface is variously hill and
dale, and rises north-westward into a high
range continuous with the heights of

Aberdour. The seats are Boyndlie, Ladys-
f ord, and Tillanamols ; and the antiquities
are tumuli and other memorials of battle.
Four places of worship and 3 schools are
in New Pitsligo.

TYRIE, farm, with remains of old chapel,
in Kinghorn parish, Fife.

UAIGHLAMAICH, large arch-roofed
cavern on west coast of Jura Island,
Argyleshire. It opens at about 38 feet
above sea-level, is 33 feet high at the
entrance, and has an interior area of 1312
square yards.

UAIGHMORE, cavern in loftiest summit
of Braes of Doune, 4 miles north-east of
Callander, Perthshire. It is the Uamoar
of Sir "Walter Scott's Lady of the Lake,
where ' 'tis told a giant made his den of
old ; ' and it has a spring leaping from its
side in the manner of a jet.

UAIGH-THORCUIL, cave in hill above
Dunrobin, in Golspie parish, Sutherland.

UAISH, ancient forest on Benwyvis,
Ross-shire.

UAMH-A-CHOINNLEIR, dark cave, about
50 feet high and nearly 100 feet long, in
Duirinish parish, Isle of Skye.

UAMH-AN-OIR, cave, presenting minia-
ture resemblance to the great cave of Staffa,
on north-east coast of Isle of Skye.

UAMOAR. See Uaighmoke.

UCHTERMONSEY, ancient parish, now
called Moonzie, in Fife.

UDALE, estate in Cromarty parish,
Cromartyshire.

UDDINGSTON, town near the Clyde, 9
miles south-east of Glasgow. It rose
recently from the condition of a village ;
carries on extensive manufacture of agri-
cultural implements ; and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Glasgow, a railway station,
a banking office, a quoad sacra parochial
church of 1873, a Free church of 1876, and
United Presbyterian and Evangelical Union
churches. Pop. of town, 3542; of quoad
sacra parish, 4086.

UDDINGTON, village in Douglas parish,
Lanarkshire.

UDNY, village and parish in Formartine
district, Aberdeenshire. The village stands
14^ miles north-by-west of Aberdeen, and
has a post office under Aberdeen, a railway
station, a banking office, Established and
Free churches, and male and female public
schools. — The parish measures about 6f
miles by 6, and comprises 11,548 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £14,528. Pop.
1638. The surface is partly flat and
partly undulating. The seats are Pittrichie
and Tillygreig ; and the antiquities are
Dumbrake Castle on Udny estate, and two
ruined mansions on Pitmedden estate.
There are 4 schools with accommodation for
344 scholars, and part of 1 of them is new.

UDSTON, quondam seat of branch of the
Hamilton family in Hamilton parish,
Lanarkshire.

UGI

455

ULV

UGIE, river, formed by two head-streams,
and running about 20 miles, chiefly in
south-easterly direction, to the sea about
a mile north of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire.

UIDHAY, islet adjacent to north-east
side of Barra, Outer Hebrides.

UIE, isthmus and quoad sacra parish
in east of Lewis, Outer Hebrides. The
isthmus connects the mainland of Stcrno-
way with the peninsula of Airds, lies low,
and partly is less than 200 yards broad.—
The parish is commonly called Knock, and
has Established and Free churches at about
4 miles from Stornoway town. Pop. 2990.

UIG, parish in south-west of Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. It contains Carloway
post office village, and Breasclet, Caller-
nish, and Valtos villages ; comprehends a
mainland part of Lewis, measuring 24
miles by 10 ; includes Bernera, Mealista,
Babay, Yacsay, and Flannan islands ; and
comprises 135,471 acres. Keal property in
1880-81, £4627. Pop. 3489. The main-
land part is broadly and deeply bisected
by Loch Boag ; includes also Shawbost,
Carloway, and Uig bays ; and is bounded
on the south by Loch Keasort. The sea-
board is mostly low, and extensively arable ;
and the interior lies aggregately higher
than the rest of Lewis, and consists chiefly
of bleak hills arid flat moors. A chief
object of interest is a large Caledonian
stone circle on a mound overlooking Loch
Boag. The churches are a parochial one
with 1000 sittings, and 2 Free ; and there
are 7 schools, all new, with accommodation
for 699 scholars.

UIG, village on circular bay of its own
name, 14 miles north-north-west of Por-
tree, Isle of Skye. It has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Portree, and an inn.

UILEVAY, good natural harbour on east
side of Barra Island, Outer Hebrides.

UISHGAVA, large, intricately-ramified
sea-loch on east side of Benbecula, Outer
Hebrides.

UIST, narrow sound between Bernera
and North Uist islands, Outer Hebrides.

UIST (NORTH), island and parish in
Inverness-shire Outer Hebrides. The
island lies opposite the northern third of
Skye, and immediately south of Harris
Sound; measures 16^ miles from east to
west, and 13 from north to south; is an
intricate assemblage of sea-lochs, penin-
sulas, fresh-water lakes, moors, marshes,
hills, and plains ; contains, on its east
side, the seaport village and head post
office of Lochmaddy ; is pierced, on its
east coast, by two very singular and grand
caverns; and has numerous tumuli and
many remains of Scandinavian forts.
Pop. 3358. — The parish contains also
Baleshare, Illeray, Boveray, Grimisay,
Heisker, Hut, Kirkibost, Levera, Mhor-
gay, Monach, Bonay, and Vallay islands,
and is divided quoad sacra into North
Uist-proper and Trumisgarry. Beal pro-
perty in 1880-81, £5380. Pop., quoad

civilia, 4264; quoad sacra, 3383. The
churches are 3 Established and 2 Free.
There are 14 schools for 832 scholars, and 5
of them and enlargements for 467 are new.

UIST (SOUTH), island and parish in
Inverness-shire Hebrides. The island lies
opposite the southern half of Skye ;
extends southward from Benbecula Sound;
measures 8 miles from east to west, and 21
from north to south ; comprises, on its
east side, three mountain groups, two of
them rising to altitudes of respectively
1992 and 2038 feet, and all separated from
one another by long sea-lochs; consists,
throughout its west side, of a mixture of
marshes, plains, fresh- water lakes, and
pastoral grounds ; has, on its east coast,
a cave which gave shelter to Prince
Charles Edward for some days after his
defeat at Culloden. Pop. 3810.— The
parish comprehends also Benbecula, Eris-
kay, Fladda, Grimisay, and Wiay islands.
Beal property in 1880-81, £6726. Pop.
6063. The churches are 3 Established,
2 Free, and 2 Boman Catholic. There are
10 schools for 1051 scholars, and 5 of them
and enlargements for 717 are new.

ULBSTER, headland, hamlet, and man-
sion, 6 miles south-south-east of Wick,
Caithness.

ULLAPOOL, seaport village and quoad
sacra parish on west coast of Boss-shire.
The village stands on north side of Loch
Broom, 45 miles north -west-by- west of
Dingwall ; was founded in 1788, to serve
as the headquarters of a fishery district ;
presents a neat appearance, amid pleasant
environs ; and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Boss-shire, a banking office,
a hotel, a good harbour, Established and
Free churches, and a large public school
of 1877. Pop. 897.— The parish was
constituted ecclesiastically in 1833, and
politically after 1843, and measures 25
miles by 12. Pop. 2573.

ULLHOUSE, seat in Delting parish,
Shetland.

ULLINISH, islet in Kilmuir parish, Isle

of Skye.

ULSTA, place in north of Shetland. It
has a post office under Lerwick.

ULSTON, village in Jedburgh parish,
Boxburghshire.

ULVA, village, island, and quoad sacra
parish in north-west of Mull district,
Argyleshire. The village stands on east
end of the island, on north side of Loch-
na-Keal ; was once populous, but first
declined to the condition of a hamlet, and
then suffered severely by fire in 1880 ;
furnishes boats for visiting Staffa and
Inchkenneth ; and has a ferry station, an
inn, a church, and a public school. — The
island measures 4i miles by nearly 2 ; is
very nearly united, at its west end, with
Gometra ; consists largely of basaltic
cliffs and colonnades, similar to those of
Staffa and Giant's Causeway ; rises in suc-
cessive tiers or terraces to a height of

ULV

456

IJRI

about 1300 feet ; includes a group of
columnar rocks resembling fortalices, and
a promontory with outline like well-formed
bust of an old woman ; and contains a
large modern mansion, the old residence
of the Macquaries, an ancient burying-
ground, a ruined Scandinavian castle, and
several large ancient standing-stones.
Pop. 19. — The parish was constituted
ecclesiastically in 1833, and politically in
1845, and comprehends Ulva, Gometra,
Little Colonsay, and Staffa islands, and
part of Mull. Pop. 164.

ULVA, place, with public school, in North
Knapdale parish, Argyleshire.

ULYSSES-HAVEN, old village, now
called Usan, in Craig parish, Forfarshire.

UNAPOOL, place with inn on south side
of Kyle-Skow, on south-west coast of
Sutherland.

UNDERCRAIG, eminence and hamlet in
Erskine parish, Renfrewshire. The emi-
nence commands a splendid view, and the
hamlet has a public school with about 77

UNDERWOOD, seat to the south of Ric-
carton, Ayrshire.

UNES, river, better known as Fleet, in
south-east of Sutherland.

UNICK, mountain rivulet, running 6
miles eastward to Lee Lake in Lochlee
parish, Forfarshire.

UNICORN, sunken rock outside north
entrance of Bressay Sound, in Shetland.

UNIMORE, picturesque mountain vale,
entered from Loch Aline and Loch Teagus,
in Morvern parish, Argyleshire.

UNION BRIDGE, suspension carriage
bridge on the Tweed, 1^ mile south of
Paxton village, Berwickshire. It was
erected in 1820, and is 361 feet long and
18 feet wide.

UNION CANAL, canal from western part
of Edinburgh, westward to Forth and
Clyde Canal at lj mile west-south-west
of Falkirk. It measures 31| miles in
length ; goes 30 miles on level, then falls
110 feet by 11 locks ; is 5 feet deep, and
has a width of 40 feet at top and 20 feet
at bottom. It was formed in 1818-22 ;
it served till the railway times for pas-
senger traffic between Edinburgh and
Glasgow ; it became the property of
the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway Com-
pany in 1848, and passed with that to the
North British ; and it now serves chiefly
for mineral traffic.

UNST, island and parish in extreme
north of Shetland. The island, except by
sounds in the south and south-west, is
surrounded by the open ocean ; it extends
11^2 miles north-north-eastward, and is
about 3£ miles broad ; it exhibits, all
round, a series of promontories, sea-lochs,
headlands, and bays ; it presents, espe-
cially to the north and to the west, rocky,
mural, cavernous, and lofty ranges of coast ;
it culminates, at north end, in a bold
conspicuous hill, 938 feet high, pierced
through the base by a grand natural sea-

tunnel ; it comprises, throughout the in-
terior, about 4000 acres either actually in
tillage or naturally arable ; it exports
chromate of iron, and abounds in other rare
or valuable minerals ; and it contains the
post office villages of Baltasound and
Uyeasound, Belmont and Bunness man-
sions, a parochial church with 1224 sittings,
a Free church, a Methodist church, 4 pub-
lic schools, ruins or vestiges of more than
20 ancient places of worship, numerous
tumuli, and a chain of Scandinavian dunes.
Pop. 2173. — The parish comprehends also
Flugga, Uyea, and Balta islands, and a
number of pastoral islets. Real property
in 1880-81, £3445. Pop. 2181.

UNTHANK, -place, with ruined old chapel,
in Ewes parish, Dumfriesshire.

UNTHANK, burn in Avondale parish,
Lanarkshire.

UPHALL, village and parish in Linlith-
gowshire. The village stands on Broxburn
rivulet, 13J miles west-by-south of Edin-
burgh ; and has a post office, with money
order department, designated of Linlith-
gowshire, a railway station, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 155 scholars. Pop. 591. — The
parish contains also Broxburn town,
measures 4f miles by 3, and comprises 4541
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £34,331.
Pop. 4812. Almond river traces all the
eastern boundary. The land is boldly un-
dulated, but not hilly. Coal, ironstone,
limestone, and excellent sandstone are
plentiful. The seats are Amondell, Kirk-
hill, Houston, and Middleton. United
Presbyterian and Roman Catholic churches,
and a large public school, are at Brox-
burn.

UPLAWMOOR, village, 3^ miles south
of Neilston, Renfrewshire. It has a public
school with about 111 scholars.

UPPAT, estate in Clyne parish, Suther-
land.

UPPER BARVAS, etc. See Barvas,

UPPER KEITH, village in Humbie
parish, Haddingtonshire. It has a post
office designated of East Lothian.

UPSETLINGTON, village and ancient
parish on east border of Berwickshire.
The village stands on the Tweed, 7 miles
north-north-east of Coldstream, and the
parish is now united to Ladykirk.

URAFIRTH, bay and public school on
west side of Northmaven parish, Shet-
land.

URCHANY, hill in Nairn parish, Nairn-
shire.

URCHAY. See Orchy.

URE, rivulet, running about 7 miles
northward to the Creran in Ardchattan
parish, Argyleshire.

URE, bay in Stornoway parish, Outer
Hebrides.

URE, small lake, nearly united to foot of
Loch Dochart, in Glendochart, Perthshire.

URIE, bay with pier in Fetlar Island,
Shetland.

URl

457

URR

URIE, Aberdeenshire. See Ury.

URIGILL, picturesque mountain lake,
2% miles long, near south-eastern extremity
of Assynt parish, Sutherland.

URISKIN. See Coir-nan-Uriskin.

URQUHART, village and parish on coast
of Elginshire. The village stands 4| miles
east-by-south of Elgin, and has Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 136 scholars. The post town
is Elgin. — The parish forms nearly an
equilateral triangle of 5 miles on each
side, and comprises 13,069 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £8068. Pop., quoad
civilia, 2139; quoad sacra, 1187. The
coast extends from the Lossie to the Spey,
and is all a sandy beach. Part of the
interior is almost a dead level, little higher
than the beach ; and the rest is diversified
only by swells and gentle eminences. The
seats are Innes and Leuchars ; and the
chief antiquities are remains of a Cale-
donian stone circle and the site of a priory
of 12th century. There are 2 schools with
capacity for 208 scholars.

URQUHART, parish, chiefly in south-
east of Ross-shire, but comprehending
also Ferintosh distiict of Nairnshire. It
contains the post office villages of Conan-
Bridge, Culbockie, and Newton-Ferintosh,
and measures about 9| miles in length and
3J in breadth. Eeal property in 1880-81,
£10,644. Pop. 1087. The surface is
bounded on the east by the watershed of
the Mullbuy, and descends thence, in
pretty regular gradient, to Conan river
and upper part of Cromarty Firth. The
seats are Conanside, Findon, and Ferin-
tosh. The churches are Established and
Free. There are 4 schools for 501 scholars,
and 3 of them and an enlargement for 402
are new.

URQUHART, parish, containing Glen-
urquhart and Drumnadrochit post offices,
on north-west side of Loch Ness, Inver-
ness-shire. It measures about 30 miles in
length, and mostly from 8 to 12 miles
in breadth. Real property in 1880-81,
£11,642. Pop. in 1871, 2780. The surface
has a shore-line of about 15 miles on Loch
Ness ; comprises two glens, Urquhart and
Moriston, nearly parallel to each other, at
mean mutual distance of about 7 miles, and
respectively about 9 and 12 miles long ;
includes, in the north-west, the plateau of
Corriemony, elevated about 800 feet above
sea-level ; and consists elsewhere of high
moors and mountains, culminating between
lower part of the glens in Mealfourvounie.
Three rivulets, Enneric, Coiltie, and Div-
ach, make remarkable falls ; and two
smaller streams make remarkable cataracts.
Chief seats are Balmacaan, In ver moriston,
Polmaily, Lochletter, Hazlebrae, Lakefield,
and Corriemony ; and chief antiquities are
Urquhart Castle, — which was once a strong
fortalice besieged by troops of Edward I.
of England, and is now mainly a turreted
three-storey keep, — a small vitrified fort,
numerous cairns, several Caledonian stone

circles, and sites or vestiges of several old
churches. The present churches are 3
Established, 2 Free, and 1 Episcopalian.
There are 6 schools for 559 scholars, and 5
of them for 508 are new.

URQUHART (NORTH), place, with sand-
stone quarry remarkable for fossils, in
Dunfermline parish, Fife.

URR, lake, river, and parish in Kirk-
cudbrightshire. The lake lies on bound-
ary with Dumfriesshire, 4 miles south of
Minniehive, measures about 3 miles in
circuit, and contains an islet with site of
ancient Caledonian town, and remains of
a strong ancient baronial fortalice. — The
river issues from the lake, traces for If
mile the boundary with Dumfriesshire,
and then runs about 22 miles southward
to Solway Firth, midway between Nith
estuary and Kirkcudbright Bay. — The
parish adjoins the left side of a long reach
of the river ; contains Dalbeattie town,
Haugh of Urr and Hardgate villages,
most of Springholm, and part of Crocket-
ford ; measures 9 miles by 3J ; and com-
prises 15,426 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £26,137. Pop., quoad civilia,
5490 ; quoad sacra, 1350. The north-
eastern section includes hills about 600
feet high, but the rest is all comparatively
low, and only about one-thirteenth of the
whole is not in tillage. Chief seats are
Munshes, Spottes, Redcastle, and Milton ;
and chief antiquities are several moats
and fortified camps. The Moat of Urr, 3
miles north of Dalbeattie, is probably the
largest antiquity of its kind in Scotland,
and was formerly surrounded by works
supposed to have been constructed by the
Romans. The churches, inclusive of those
in Dalbeattie, are 2 Established, 2 United
Presbyterian, and 4, respectively Free,
Evangelical Union, Episcopalian, and Ro-
man Catholic. There are 5 schools for
861 scholars, and 2 of them for 570 are
new.

URRALL, farm, with remarkable rock-
ing-stone, in Kirkcowan parish, Wigton-
shire.

URRARD, seat, contiguous to battlefield
of Killiecrankie, near Blair- Athole village,
Perthshire.

URRAY, hamlet in Ross-shire and par-
ish partly also in Inverness-shire. The
hamlet lies on peninsula at conflux of the
Conan and the Orrin, 5 miles south-south-
west of Dingwall, and has a post office
designated of Ross-shire, and Established
and Free churches. — The parish comprises
a main body 7 miles long and 6 miles
broad, and a detached section in Strath-
conan, 18 miles distant. Real property in
1880-81, of the Ross-shire parts, £15,536 ;
of the Inverness-shire part, £793. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 2474; quoad sacra, 2427. The
main body is low plain with skirting slopes,
and the detached section lies embosomed
among mountains. A medicinal spring simi-
lar to that of Strathpeffer is on the Conan's
bank. The seats are Brahan, Highfield,

UER

458

YEN

and Ord ; and the antiquities are Fair-
burn Tower and Kilchrist burying-ground.
An Episcopalian church is at Highfield.
There are 3 schools for 364 scholars, and 1
of them and a class-room for 214 are new.

URR (BRIDGE OF), hamlet on western
verge of Kirkpatrick-Durham parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

URR (HAUGH OF), village in Urr par-
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a post
office under Dalbeattie. Pop. 207.

URY, river of Aberdeenshire. It rises
4 miles south-east of Huntly, and runs
sinuously south-eastward to the Don at
Inverury. Its length of course, in straight
line, is 14 miles ; along its bed, about 24
miles.

URY, seat, If mile north-west of Stone-
haven, Kincardineshire.

USAN, fishing village and seat, 3 miles
south-south-east of Montrose, Forfarshire.

USE, natural harbour at head of Took-
quoy Bay, in Westray Island, Orkney.

USHENISH, headland, projecting from
Mount Heckla, on east coast of South
Uist, Outer Hebrides. It is crowned by a
lighthouse with fixed red light visible at
the distance of 18 nautical miles.

USHINISH, mountain in Park section of
Lochs parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

USKEVAGH. See Uishgava.

USSIE. See Ousie.

UXELLUM, main chain of Southern
Highlands from coast of Berwickshire, as
known in the Middle Ages.

UY. See Uie.

UYEA, island, about 1J mile long,
between Unst and Yell, in Shetland.
Pop. 5.

UYEA (LITTLE), islet off west coast of
Northmaven, Shetland.

UYEASOUND, channel and village in
north of Shetland. The channel separates
Uyea Island from Unst, forms a good natural
harbour, and is a rendezvous of craft for
deep-sea fishing. — The village stands on
Unst side of the channel, is modern and
neat, and has a post office under Lerwick,
and a public school.

VAAKSAY, or VACSAY, island near
north-eastern extremity of North Uist,
Outer Hebrides.

VAGASTIE, rivulet, running 7 miles
north - north - eastward to head of Loch
Naver, in centre of Sutherland.

VAILA, island and sound in west of
Shetland. The island belongs to Walls
parish, lies about 5 miles north-west of
Skeldaness, measures about 4 miles in
circuit, and contains the mansion of the
chief landowner of Walls. Pop. 9. — The
sound is a narrow belt between the island
and the southern Mainland coast of Walls,
and forms an excellent natural harbour.

VAIN, ruined castle, supposed to have
been built by Cardinal Beaton, in Fearn
parish, Forfarshire.

VALL AFIELD, hill-ridge, with summit
697 feet high, on west coast of Unst Island,
Shetland.

VALLAY, island, 1\ miles long, adjacent
to north-west side of North Uist, Outer
Hebrides. Pop. 29.

VALLEYFIELD, extensive paper-mills
adjacent to Penicuick, Edinburghshire.

VALLEYFIELD, seat in Culross parish,
Perthshire.

VALLEYFIELD, seat in Tongland parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

VALLEYFIELD (LOW), place in Culross
parish, Perthshire.

VALLY, islet across mouth of Loch
Bowadill, near south-eastern extremity of
Harris, Outer Hebrides.

VALTOS, village in Uig parish, Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 332.

VANDUARA, quondam Roman station,
now covered by high part of Paisley, Ren-
frewshire.

VANNICH, head-stream of the Don in
Aberdeenshire.

VARRICH, small promontory and ruined
ancient fortalice on Kyle-of-Tongue, above
Tongue village, in Sutherland.

VASA, skerry off middle of west coast of
Shapinshay Island, Orkney.

VAT, burn, issuing from wild chasm in
Culblean Mountain, traversing a vertical
vat-shaped cave about 60 feet deep, and
running to head of Kinnord Loch, in Glen-
muick parish, Aberdeenshire.

VATERNISH, headland and peninsula in
north-west of Isle of Skye. The headland
forms a point 6^ miles north-north-east of
Dunvegan Head ; and the peninsula ex-
tends south-eastward thence between Loch
Snizort and Loch Dunvegan, measures 14
miles in length and mostly from 2 to 7
miles in breadth, is indented by several sea-
inlets, and has a post office under Portree.

VATERSA, or WATERSAY, island near
the southern extremity of Barra, Outer
Hebrides. It measures about 3 miles by
1\, but is deeply cut by bays, and under-
goes change from shifting sands. Pop.
19.

VATISKIR, village in Stornoway parish,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 396.

VAULT, glen in Cumbernauld parish,
Dumbartonshire.

VEAL, picturesque lake, 2 miles long, on
east side of Benclybric, in centre of Suther-
land.

VEMENTRY, island, about 5J miles in
circuit, on south side of St. Magnus Bay,
in Shetland.

VENESS, headland in south-east of Eday
Island, Orkney.

VENLAW, seat on site of ancient chapel,
adjacent to north end of Peebles.

VENNACHOIR, lake, from 1\ to 1\ miles
west-south-west of Callander, Perthshire.
It measures from 3 to 10 furlongs in width ;
has a sinuous cincture, fringed with wood ;
contains, near its middle, the rocky islet
of Ellan-a-vroin ; and includes storage
embankments for Glasgow waterworks.

VES

459

WAL

VESTRAFIOLD, hill in Sandwick parish,
Orkney.

VEYATTIE, lake, 3| miles long, ter-
minating at 5 miles east - south - east of
Lochinver, on south-west verge of Suther-
land.

VIA, place, with cromlech, in Sandwick
parish, Orkney.

VICARLAND, section of Cambuslang
town, Lanarkshire.

VICTORIA (LOWER), section or suburb
of Carnoustie, Forfarshire.

VIEWFIELD, seat in Nairn parish,
Nairnshire.

VIGEANS (ST.), village and parish on
east coast of Forfarshire. The village
stands about a mile north of Arbroath,
and is ancient but small. — The parish
contains also Auchmithie, Collistonmill,
Marywell, and Gowanbank villages, and
fully one-half of Arbroath burgh. It
includes two detached districts J and 3
miles south of the main body, measures 8
miles by 4| in the main body, and comprises
altogether 12,731 acres. Real property of
landward parts in 1880-81, £23,928. Pop.
of the whole, quoad civilia, 14,982 ; quoad
sacra, 1821. The coast, from the northern
boundary to within a mile of Arbroath,
is a range of rocky, precipitous, cavernous
cliffs ; and the interior is a valley enclosed
by three reaches of declivity in different
aspects. Chief seats are Letham, Abbe-
thune, Seaton, Newton, Parkhill, Spring-
field, Almericlose, Millbank, Colliston,
"Woodlands, Beechwood, and Hospitalfield.
The parochial church was erected about
1200, underwent restoration at a cost of
fully £3000 in 1872, and possesses great
antiquarian and architectural interest. A
chapel-of-ease is in Auchmithie, and
numerous churches are in Arbroath. Four
schools for 427 scholars are under a joint
board for the landward parts of St. Vigeans
and Arbroath, and 1 of them for 150 is new.

VIKISTILL, harbour in south-east of
Coll Island, Ayrshire.

VINAVORE, small island in southern
part of Loch Roag, in west part of Lewis,
Outer Hebrides.

VINAY, small island in Bracadale parish,
Isle of Skye.

VINCENT (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Glasgow. Pop. 8085.

VINNEY, rivulet, running 8 miles east-
north-eastward to the Lunan at 8 miles
east of Forfar.

VIRKIE, hamlet in south of Shetland.
It has a post office under Lerwick.

VOE, place, 19 miles from Lerwick, Shet-
land. It has a post office under Lerwick.

VOETER, harbour in Delting parish,
Shetland.

VOGRIE, estate, 3 miles south-east-by-
south of Dalkeith, Edinburghshire.

VOIL, lake, about 3 miles long, in Bal-
quhidder parish, Perthshire.

VORD. See Saxaforth.

VOTTERSAY, small island in Harris
Sound, Outer Hebrides.

VRAE, hill in north of Turriff parish,
Aberdeenshire.

VRINE, narrow lake, about 2 \ miles
long, and streamlet going thence 3 miles
north-eastward to the Mashak at 10 miles
south-south-east of Ullapool, in west of
Ross-shire.

VROGIE, streamlet, descending from
Buachail-Etive Mountain, and proceeding
to Etive river, in Ardchattan parish,
Argyleshire. It has a precipitous course,
and it makes a cascade very remarkable
both for great depth and for wild rocky
environments.

WACHENWAE, spring, emitting Cadzow
burn, in Glassford parish, Lanarkshire.

WADEHAVEN, harbour at Elie, on south
coast of Fife.

WAIROWS, lakelet in Wick parish,
Caithness.

WAITH, bridge on efflux of Loch Sten
ness, in south-west of Pomona, Orkney.

WALESAY, farm, traversed by Roman
road, in Avondale parish, Lanarkshire.

WALKERBURN, modern manufacturing
town on the Tweed, 2 miles east of Inner-
leithen, Peeblesshire. It has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Peeblesshire, a rail-
way station, an Established church of 1876,
and a public school with about 144 scholars.
Pop. 1026.

WALKINGSHAW, estate, 2f miles north
of Paisley, Renfrewshire.

WALLACE HALL, large endowed clas-
sical school in Closeburn parish, Dumfries-
shire.

WALLACE-MEMORIALS, either objects
associated with Sir William Wallace's
history, or structures erected to his
memory. Some of these are the Barrel
or cave in Bothwell parish ; caves in
Lasswade, Torphichen, and Lesmahagow
parishes ; chair at Bonniton near Lanark ;
cradle on hill, 2 miles south-by-west of
Linlithgow ; house at Elderslie in Ren-
frewshire ; larder at Ardrossan ; leap in
Roseneath parish ; knowe in Lochwinnoch
parish ; monument on Abbeycraig near
Stirling ; oaks at Elderslie and at Tor-
wood ; seats in Biggar, Kilbarchan, and
Dumbarton parishes ; statues at Lanark
and adjacent to the Tweed near Dryburgh ;
stone in Polmont parish ; towers in Ayr
town, Roxburgh parish, Auchterhouse
parish, and Dumfriesshire Kirkmichael
parish ; trench in Kincardine-in-Monteith
parish ; and well in Biggar parish.

WALLACETOWN, suburb of Ayr. It
compactly adjoins east side of Newton,
forms part of Ayr burgh, is separated from
Ayr-proper by only Ayr river, was nearly
all built subsequent to 1760, and contains
8 places of worship and a very large public
school. Pop. 5923. See Ayr.

WALLACETOWN, village in south border
of Polmont parish, Stirlingshire. Pop.
with Lawyett, 252.

TVAL

460

WAR

WALLACETOWN, quoad sacra parish,
with Established and Free churches, in
Dundee. Pop. 3525.

WALLHOUSE, seat in Torphichen parish,
Linlithgowshire.

WALLIFORD. See Wallyfoed.

WALLPATH, alpine pass in Lowther
Mountains, on mutual border of Dumfries-
shire and Lanarkshire, 8 miles north of
Thornhill. It was traversed by a Roman
road, and it contains vestiges of a Eoman
camp.

WALLS, parish, containing Longhope
post office and harbour, in south-west of
Orkney. It comprehends the southern or
larger section of Hoy Island, and all Flotta
and Pharay islands, and measures, within
Hoy, 1\ miles by 6J. Real property in
1880-81, £2486. Pop. 1506. Chief fea-
tures are noticed in our articles on Hoy,
Longhope, Flotta, and Pharay. The
churches are 2 Established and 1 Free,
and the latter was founded in 1877. There
are 5 schools for 289 scholars, and 2 of
them for 127 are new.

WALLS, hamlet and parish in west of
Shetland. The hamlet lies at head of a
bay 16 miles, as the crow flies, west-north-
west of Lerwick, and has a post office
under Lerwick. — The parish comprehends
a portion of Mainland, measuring about 7^
miles by 5, and the islands of Papa-Stour,
Vaila, Linga, and Foula. Real property
in 1880-81, £2083. Pop. 2262. _ The
Mainland portion comprises the districts
of Walls-proper and Sandness ; lies be-
tween St. Magnus Bay on the north, and
Scalloway Bay on the south ; has mostly a
rocky coast, much indented by bays, and
rising in many parts to a height of 100
feet ; and is much diversified by a con-
siderable bisecting hill-ridge and many
small eminences. The churches are 4
Established and 3 respectively Free, Con-
gregational, and Methodist ; and public
schools are at Happyhansel and Papa.

WALLSEND, deep and very productive
colliery in Dunfermline parish, Fife.

WALLSHOTHILL, section of Cambuslang,
Lanarkshire. Pop. 669.

WALLYFORD, collier village, \\ mile east
of Musselburgh, Edinburghshire. Pop. 280.

WALSTON, parish immediately north-
west of Dolphinton, and averagely 5 miles
north-north-east of Biggar, Lanarkshire.
Its post town is Biggar ; and it contains
the small villages of Walston and Ells-
rickle, measures 3J miles by 3, and com-
prises 4361 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£3518. Pop. 340. The surface ranges
from 660 to 1600 feet of elevation above
sea-level, and is variously vale, slope, and
hill. The churches are Established and
Free, and the public school has about 47
scholars.

WALTON, hamlet, hill, and remains of
ancient camp in Cults parish, Fife.

WALTON, lake-like reservoir in Neilston
parish, Renfrewshire.

WALTON, one of three spots assigned as |

site of eastern termination of Antoninus'
Wall, in Carriden parish, Linlithgowshire.

WAMPHERFLAT, seat near Lanark.

WAMPHRAY, rivulet, village, and par-
ish in Upper Annandale, Dumfriesshire.
The rivulet rises among mountains near
boundary with Selkirkshire ; runs 9 miles
southward and south-westward to the
Annan at 6^ miles south of Moffat ; and
makes three cascades, called Pot, Washing-
Pan, and Dubbs-Cauldron. — The village
stands on lowmost reach of the rivulet,
5 miles south-by-east of Beafctock ; is a
scattered but pleasant place ; includes the
site of an ancient fortalice of the John-
stones, celebrated in the ballad of the
' Lads of Wamphray ; ' and has a post
office under Moffat, Established and
United Presbyterian churches, and a pub-
lic school with about 76 scholars. — The
parish measures 6| miles by 3J, and com-
prises 13,133 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £7074. Pop. 455. The Annan
river traces all the western boundary,
and Wamphray rivulet bisects the interior.
Two parallel mountain-reaches are in the
north-east, two hill-ridges are in the
south-east, and hanging plains and valley-
grounds occupy the rest of the area.
Chief seats are Girth-head, Stenrieshill,
and Millhouses ; and chief antiquities are
a reach of Roman road, vestiges of several
camps, and site of a Caledonian stone circle.

WANDELL, ancient parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. It has a burn, and
vestiges of an old seat of its own name,
and is now annexed to Lamington.

WANGIE, wooded hill in Dallas parish,
Elginshire.

WANLOCK, mountain-stream, running
4 J miles north-westward to confluence
with the Spango on north-east border of
Sanquhar parish, Dumfriesshire.

WANLO CKHE AD, mining village at
head of Wanlock stream, 8j miles east-
north-east of Sanquhar, Dumfriesshire.
It adjoins the mountain boundary with
Lanarkshire ; stands amid wild, high
moorlands of the Southern Highlands ;
resembles Leadhills, 1J mile to the north
of it ; and has a post office under Abington,
a quoad sacra parochial church, and a Free
church. Pop. of village, 788 ; of quoad
sacra parish, 854.

WARD, fishing village in Cruden parish,
Aberdeenshire.

WARD, hill in Canisbay parish, Caith-

neWARD, hill, 1559 feet high, in north of
Hoy, Orkney.

WARD, or BEACON, hill in Bressay
Island, Shetland.

WARDHOUSE, railway station and seat,
14f miles west-north-west of Inverury,
Aberdeenshire.

WARDIE, eastern suburb of Granton,
2\ miles north-north-west of Edinburgh.
A large Free church bearing its name, but
standing £ mile south of it, was erected in
1880-81.

WAR

461

WAU

WARDLAW, ancient parish, now part of
Kirkhill, Inverness-shire.

WARDLAW, hill in Kirkmahoe parish,
Dumfriesshire.

WARDLAW, mountain, 1950 feet high,
in Ettrick parish, Selkirkshire.

WARDLAWBANK, hill, with Caledonian
camp, in Colclingham parish, Berwickshire.

WARDMILL, hill in St. Vigeans parish,
Forfarshire.

WARDYKES, place, with Roman camp,
in position to command the Caledonian
fort of Caterthun, in Menmuir parish,
Forfarshire.

WARKLAW, hill, with remains of Ro-
man station, in Currie parish, Edinburgh-
shire.

WARMANBIE, seat near Annan, Dum-
friesshire.

WARNESS, headland in south-west of
Eday Island, Orkney.

WART, hill, with extensive view, in
Shapinshay Island, Orkney.

WART, hill, with extensive view, in
Orphir parish, Orkney.

WARTHILL, or WARTLE, village in
Rayne parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Aberdeen, and a railway station.
"VVarthill House is in the vicinity.

WARWICKHILL, village and seat in
Dreghorn parish, Ayrshire. The village
has a public school with about 130
scholars.

WASBISTER, place, with public school,
in Rousay parish, Orkney.

WASHING- PAN, cascade on Wamphray
rivulet, Dumfriesshire.

WASHINGTON, village in Coupar- Angus
parish, Perthshire.

WATCHMAN'S, hill, with fine view, in
Kirkmahoe parish, Dumfriesshire.

WATCHMAN'S, Inverness-shire. See

TOMNAHURICH.

WATERBECK, village in Middlebie par-
ish, Dumfriesshire. It has a post office
under Ecclefechan, a United Presbyterian
church, and a public school.

WATERESK, reach of South Esk's
valley in Cortachy parish, Forfarshire.

WATERFOOT, harbour at mouth of
Annan river, Dumfriesshire.

WATERFOOT, place at confluence of
Main and Cross rivulets in New Luce par-
ish, Wigtonshire.

WATERHAUGHS, place in Galston par-
ish, Ayrshire.

WATERHEAD, place at confluence of
two head-streams of river Nith, in New
Cumnock parish, Ayrshire.

WATERLOO, -village in Auchtergaven
parish, Perthshire.

WATERLOO, village in Cambusnethan
parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 855.

WATERNISH. See Vaternish.

WATER-OF-AYR. See Ayr.

WATER-OF-LEITH. See Leith.

WATERSAY. See Vatersay.

WATERSIDE, village in Fenwick par-
ish, Ayrshire. It has a post office under
Kilmarnock.

WATERSIDE, town, with railway sta-
tion, 11^ miles south-west of Ayr. It was
founded in 1847 in connection with Dal-
mellington ironworks. Pop. 1473.

WATERSIDE, village in Kirkintilloch
parish, Dumbartonshire. Pop. 420.

WATERSIDE, place, with public school,
in Edzell parish, Forfarshire.

WATERTON, hamlet and seat in New-
hills parish, Aberdeenshire.

WATERTON, hamlet in Echt parish,
Aberdeenshire.

WATH, sluggish stream, going south-
south-westward to the Lochar at 5 miles
south-east of Dumfries.

WATLING STREET, Roman road from
England to east end of Antoninus' Wall in
Scotland. It enters Scotland near the
sources of Coquet river ; goes north-west-
ward to the Teviot near influx of the Jed ;
proceeds thence north-north-westward to
the Tweed in vicinity of Melrose ; crosses
the Tweed there and goes thence up
Lauderdale to Soutra Hill ; proceeds north-
westward to Firfch of Forth at Cramond ;
crosses the Almond there and goes along
the coast to Carriden. Considerable
reaches of it continue to be distinct in
vicinity of Oxnam, in vicinity of Bonjed-
ward, and in upper part of Lauderdale.
Another Roman road, sometimes called
Watling Street, went up Annandale,
crossed into Crawford, and went down the
valley of the Clyde.

WATLY, lake in Unst Island, Shetland.

WATSTON, lake in Kilmadock parish,
Perthshire.

WATSWICK, bay on south-west coast of
Unst, Shetland.

WATTEN, hamlet and parish in Caith-
ness. The hamlet lies 8 miles west-by-
north of "Wick, and has a post office
designated of Caithness-shire, a railway
station, Established and Free churches,
and a public school. — The parish measures
10 miles by 8, and comprises 30,579
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £7598.
Pop. 1406. Part of the surface is low,
some of it less than 25 feet above sea-
level ; part is undulating, but nowhere
hilly ; part is deep flow moss ; and part is
occupied by "Watten and Toftingall lakes,
respectively about 8 and about 5 miles in
circuit. The seats are Strath and Toftin-
gall ; and the chief antiquities are remains
of many Scandinavian dunes. There are
3 schools for 284 scholars, and 2 of them
for 182 are new.

WATTSTON, village in New Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 324.

WAUCHOPE, rivulet, ruined castle, and
ancient parish in Eskdale, Dumfriesshire.
The rivulet runs about 7 miles south-south-
eastward and east-north-eastward to the
Esk at Langholm. — The castle crowns a
precipice adjacent to the rivulet, and was
once a structure of great strength. — The
parish is now annexed to Langholm.

WAUCHOPE, burn and vestiges of ancient
camp in Hobkirk parish, Roxburghshire.

WAU

462

WEM

WAUGH, summit of long hill-ridge in
Keir parish, Dumfriesshire.

WAUKMILL, village in Glammis parish,
Forfarshire.

WAWS, small lake in Lochwinnoch
parish, Renfrewshire.

WAYGATESHAW, seat in Carluke parish,
Lanarkshire.

WEATHERHOLM, pastoral islet near
Unst, Shetland.

WEATHERLAW, hill on north border of
Linton parish, Peeblesshire.

WEATHERNESS, headland in south-east
of Westray Island, Orkney.

WEAVERS, conspicuous fragment of
ancient castle on small island in southern
extremity of South Uist parish, Outer
Hebrides.

WEDALE, lower part or whole of Gala
river vale in Edinburghshire. The name
signifies ' vale of woe,' and has long ceased
to be used.

WEDDERBURN, seat near Dunse, Ber-
wickshire.

WEDDERBURN, vestige of ancient
castle in Murroes parish, Forfarshire.

WEDDERLIE, decayed mansion and
quondam village in Westruther parish,
Berwickshire.

WEEM, village and parish in north-
west of Perthshire. The village stands on
the Tay, about a mile north-west of
Aberfeldy, and has a hotel, a parochial
church of 1835, an ancient church with
curious monument, and a public school
with about 61 scholars. — The parish con-
tains also six other small villages, com-
prehends eleven sections, all detached
from one another, lies dispersed over
nearly one-fourth of the county, and
comprises 41,887 acres. Eeal property in
1880-81, £6201. Pop. quoad civilia, 474.
"Weem-proper is much the more populous
section, extends about If mile along north
bank of the Tay, and forms a richly em-
bellished portion of the Tay's strath. The
other ten sections share almost every
feature of the county, but have aggregately
a predominance of mountain and waste ;
and only three of them are included in
the parish quoad sacra. Chief seats are
Castle Menzies and Auchmore.

WEEMS, quondam old castle in Rescobie
parish, Forfarshire.

WEEMS, Fife. See Wemyss.

WEEMS-HOLE, large artificial ancient
cave on Mearns Hill, in Kirriemuir
parish, Forfarshire.

WEESDALE, bay, hamlet, and ancient
parish in Shetland. The bay opens near
northern extremity of Scalloway Bay, and
strikes 4J miles to the north-north-east. —
The hamlet lies at the bay's head, 12 miles
north-west of Lerwick, and has a post
office under Lerwick, and a Free church.
The parish is now united to Tingwall.

WEIR, sound and island immediately
south of Rousay, in Orkney. The sound
is from § mile to 2 miles wide ; and the
island flanks its south side, measures 2^

miles in length, and fully 1 in breadth, is
low and fertile, and has ruins of a church
and vestiges of a fort.

WEIR, rising-ground, crowned by paro-
chial church, in west of Melrose parish,
Roxburghshire.

WEIR (BRIDGE OF). See Bridge-of-
Weir.

WELLBANK, estate in Monifieth parish,
Forfarshire. It has a post office under
Dundee, and a very old extensive pave-
ment-flag quarry.

WELLBURN, suburb of Lochee, Forfar-
shire.

WELLFIELD, seat near Strathmiglo, in
Fife.

WELLMEADOW, place, with printfield
and bleachfield, in Mearns parish, Ren-
frewshire.

WELL PARK, quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in north-
east of Glasgow. Pop. 6362.

WELL PARK, quoad sacra parish, with
church of 1877, in east of Greenock, Ren-
frewshire.

WELLS, estate in Bedrule parish, Rox-
burghshire.

WELLSBURNSPOUT, cascade of about 56
feet in Eskdalemuir parish, Dumfriesshire.

WELLSHOT, seat and extensive early-
worked colliery in Cambuslang parish,
Lanarkshire.

WELLSHOT, copious pure spring in
Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

WELL-TREE'S SPOUT, spring, emitting
a powerful stream, in Maybole parish,
Ayrshire.

WELLWOOD, village and colliery in
Dunfermline parish, Fife. Pop. 617.

WELLWOOD-ROW, village in Muirkirk
parish, Ayrshire.

WEMYSS, parish, containing West
Wemyss and Buckhaven towns, and East
Wemyss, Methil, Methilhill, Kirkland,
and Coaltown villages, on south coast of
Fife. Its length is 5 miles ; its greatest
breadth 2 miles ; its area 4732 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £25,777. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 7307 ; quoad sacra, 380S.
The coast is all very rocky and partly
cavernous. The interior rises with gentle
slope to the north and the west, and
presents a pleasant appearance. The rocks
are carboniferous, and include twelve
workable seams of coal. The land was
part of the estate of Macduff, belongs
now to his remote descendant, R. G. E.
Wemyss, Esq., and gives the title of
baron and earl to the family of Douglas.
Wemyss Castle, the chief seat of the
proprietor, stands on a sea-cliff 2^ miles
north-east of Dysart, and is a splendid
edifice, partly ancient, partly modern.
Chief antiquities are ruins of an old castle,
commonly called Macduff's, and remains
of two Romish chapels. The churches are
3 Established, 2 Free, and 1 United Pres-
byterian. There are 9 schools for 1404
scholars, and 1 of them and an enlargement
for 374 are new.

WEM

463

WES

WEMYSS-BAY, recently-erected coast
town on Firth of Clyde, at terminus of
branch railway, 8 miles south-west of
Greenock, Renfrewshire. It takes its
name from a slightly encurved bay ; stands
on a belt of old raised sea-beach, in front
of fissured sandstone cliffs ; ranks as a
select watering-place ; consists chiefly of
ornate villas ; includes the mansion of
Castle- Wemyss ; and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Renfrewshire, a
railway station, a banking office, a hotel,
a spacious steamboat pier, and a United
Presbyterian church.

WEMYSS (EAST), village on the coast,
1J mile east of West Wemyss, Fife. It con-
tains Wemyss parochial church. Pop. 895.

WEMYSS HALL, seat, l± mile south of
Cupar, Fife.

WEMYSS-SQUARE, village on west
border of Aberdour parish, Fife.

WEMYSS (WEST), town on the coast, 2
miles north-east of Dysart, Fife. It has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Dysart, a harbour with
recently-extended wet dock, a quoad sacra
parochial church, and a Free church. Pop.
of town, 1178 ; of quoad sacra parish, 1600.

WEST ARTHURLEE, etc. See Arthur-
lee, etc.

WESTBANK, estate in Gladsmuir parish,
Haddin gtonshire.

WEST BARNS, etc. See Barns, etc.

WESTBURN, village in Cambuslang
parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 372.

WEST COATES. See Coates (West).

WESTER, rivulet and lake in north-east
of Caithness. The rivulet runs about 10
miles eastward and south-south-eastward
to Keiss Bay at 4f miles north of Wick ;
and the lake is an expansion, about \\
mile long, of the rivulet's lowmost reach.

WESTER, head -stream of Water-of-
Leith, Edinburghshire.

WESTER ANSTRUTHER, etc. See
Anstruther, etc.

WESTERDALE, seat and Free church
in Halkirk parish, Caithness.

WESTERGATE, suburb of North Ber-
wick, Haddingtonshire.

WESTERHALL, seat of Sir Frederick
J. W. Johnstone, Bart., in Westerkirk
parish, Dumfriesshire.

WESTERHOULL, village near Scalloway,
in Tingwall parish, Shetland.

WESTERKIRK, parish, with church
miles north-west of Langholm, Dum-
friesshire. Its length is 9 miles ; its
greatest breadth 6i miles ; its area 26,992
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £8187.
Pop. 478. The Esk, running sinu-
ously eastward, bisects the southern dis-
trict. The land, along the Esk's course,
is a narrow fertile vale ; and nearly all
the rest of the surface is either hill or
mountain. Chief residences are Wester-
hall, Burnfoot, and Hopesrigg ; and chief
antiquities are remains of Caledonian
Btone circle, vestiges of many Roman

camps, and remains of two Border peels.
There are 2 schools with jointly accommo-
dation for 132 scholars.

WESTERN ISLANDS. See Hebrides.

WESTERSIDE, moorland farm, with
numerous small cairns, in Rathven parish,
Banffshire.

WESTERTON, seat near Bridge-of- Allan.

WESTERTON, seat near Elgin.

WESTERWOOD, place, with vestige of
fort on Antoninus' Wall, in Cumbernauld
parish, Dumbartonshire.

WESTFIELD, village in Clackmannan
parish, Clackmannanshire.

WESTFIELD, hamlet in Cathcart parish,
Renfrewshire.

WESTFIELD, village in Rattray parish,
Perthshire. It has a post office under
Blairgowrie.

WESTFIELD, railway station between
Bathgate and Blackston Junction, Linlith-
gowshire.

WESTFIELD, seat in Cupar parish, Fife.

WESTFIELD, estate in New Spynie
parish, Elginshire.

WESTHALL, village and estate adjacent
to Oyne railway station, Aberdeen.

WESTHALL, site of ancient fortalice in
Dunsyre parish, Lanarkshire.

WESTHAVEN, fishing suburb of Car-
noustie, Forfarshire.

WESTHEAD, headland in western
vicinity of Portsoy, Banffshire.

WESTHILL, place, with public school, in
Skene parish, Aberdeenshire.

WESTHILL, site of Border peel in
Gretna parish, Dumfriesshire.

WESTMAINS, site of Roman tumulus
in Stonehouse parish, Lanarkshire.

WESTMILL, suburb of Lasswade,
Edinburghshire.

WESTMOIN, section of Durness parish,
Sutherland.

WESTMUIR, village in Kirriemuir par-
ish, Forfarshire.

WESTMUIR, colliery in Cambuslang par-
ish, Lanarkshire.

WESTNESS, headland and seat in Bou-
say Island, Orkney.

WESTON, village, with ruined ancient
church, in Errol parish, Perthshire.

WESTON, decayed village in Dunsyre
parish, Lanarkshire.

WESTPANS, village, 1£ mile east-north-
east of Musselburgh, Edinburghshire. Pop.
244.

WEST PARK, public park and quoad
sacra parish in west of Glasgow. See Park
and Glasgow.

WEST PORT, old western suburb of Old
Town of Edinburgh.

WESTPORT, section of Arbroath town,
Forfarshire.

WESTQUARTER , village, 2J miles north-
east of Strathaven, Lanarkshire. Pop. 389.

WESTQUARTER, rivulet, running about 7
miles north-eastward and northward to the
Carron, near Grangemouth, Stirlingshire.

WESTRAW, a seat of Sir Windham C. J. 0.
Anstruther, Bart., formerly chief residence

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of last Earl of Hyndfoid, near the Clyde,
opposite Carstairs Junction, Lanarkshire.

WESTRAY, firth, island, and parish in
north-west of Orkney. The firth is a
sound 11 miles long and from 3^ to 7 miles
wide, and separates Westray and Eday
on the north-east from Rousay and Egil-
shay on the south-west. — The island
extends 9^ miles from north-west to south-
east ; consists of a central part measuring
4 miles by 3f . a narrow peninsula thence
northward, and a long narrow peninsula
south-eastward ; lies, at its nearest part,
10^ miles north-north-east of northern
extremity of Pomona ; has mostly rocky
coasts, partly precipitous and cavernous ;
is chiefly level in the south-east, but rises
into considerably high hills in the north-
west ; and contains a post office, with
money order department, under Kirkwall,
Pierowall village, Cleat House, Nothland
ruined castle, and a number of standing-
stones and Picts' houses. Pop. 2195. —
The parish comprehends also Papa- West-
ray Island and some pastoral isles. Eeal
property in 1880-81, £4921. Pop. 2545.
The churches are Established, United
Presbyterian, and Baptist in Westray, and
Free in Papa- Westray. Four schools, all
new, for 420 scholars are in the parish.

WESTRUTHER, village and parish in
west of Berwickshire. The village stands
7 miles east-by-north of Lauder; made
some figure in the times of the Border
feuds ; and now has a post office under
Gordon, Established and Free churches, and
a public school with about 115 scholars. —
The parish contains also Hounslow village,
measures 7 miles by 5J, and comprises
14,630 acres. Eeal property in 1880-81,
£9891. _ Pop. 671. The south-western
section is valley ; the south-eastern one is
low hill-range, with sloping sides ; and the
northern one is part of the Lammermoors,
with summits from 1246 to 1466 feet high.
The seats are Bassendean, Spottiswoode,
and Wedderlie ; and the antiquities are two
huge cairns, vestiges of a Eoman camp, a
peel-tower, a ruined ancient church, and
sites of several other peel towers and two
churches. There are 3 schools for 205
scholars, and 1 of them for 75 is new.

WESTSHIEL, mineral field in Carnwath
parish, Lanarkshire.

WESTSIDE, seat in Rousay Island,
Orkney.

WEST-THIRD, section of Smailholm
village, Eoxburghshire.

WEST THORN, seat and Roman Catho-
lic reformatory, near Parkhead, in eastern
vicinity of Glasgow.

WEST WATER, rivulet, running about
16 miles south-eastward to the North Esk
at 4 miles north-by-east of Brechin, For-
farshire.

WEST WATER, affluent of the Medwin
in Dunsyre parish, Lanarkshire.

WEYDALE, hamlet, 3 miles south-by-
east of Thurso, Caithness. It has a post
office under Thurso, and a public school.

WHALEFIRTH, sea-inlet in north-west
of Yell Island, Shetland. It is about 2
miles wide at the entrance, and it goes
nearly 4 miles east-south-eastward.

WHALSAY, island, 16 miles north-north-
east of Lerwick, in Shetland. It measures
about 5 miles by 2, consists of uneven but
tolerably fertile land, exhibits a well-cul-
tivated appearance, and has a post office
under Lerwick, a proprietorial mansion
built at a cost of £20,000, and a quoad
sacra parochial church. Pop. of island,
870 ; of quoad sacra parish, 1018.

WHANGIE, chasm, 346 feet long and
from 2J- to 10j feet wide, on trap-rock
hill, 6 miles south-south-east of Drymen,
Stirlingshire.

WHAPLAW, rivulet, running about 6
miles southward to the Leader at 2^
miles north of Lauder, Berwickshire.

WHARE, burn, running south-south-
eastward to the Whitadder near Abbey
St. Bathans, Berwickshire.

WHAUK, affluent of the Lunan in Kin-
nell parish, Forfarshire.

WHAUPHILL, place, 3f miles south of
Wigton. It has a post office designated of
Wigtonshire, and a railway station.

WHIFFLET, section of Rosehall town,
about a mile south of Coatbridge, Lan-
arkshire. It has a post office, with
money order department, under Coat-
bridge, a railway station, extensive coal
depots, and a Roman Catholic church. A
branch junction railway, 4 miles long, from
Whifflet to a point about 400 yards north
of Bothwell station, was opened in 1879.

WHIGHOLE, artificial trench, a hiding-
place of the persecuted Covenanters, on
hill in Dairy parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

WHIM, seat on north border of Newlands
parish, Peeblesshire.

WHINES, hamlet in Ruthven parish,
Forfarshire.

WHINION, lake in Twynholm parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

WHINNY, hill in Carnock parish, Fife.

WHINNYFOLD, village in Cruden parish,
Aberdeenshire.

WHINNYLEGGATE, place in Kirkcud-
bright parish, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has
a post office, with money order depart-
ment, under Kirkcudbright, and a public
school.

WHINNYRIG, little hiU in St. Mungo
parish, Dumfriesshire.

WHINS-OF-MILTON, village, \ mile west
of Bannockburn, Stirlingshire. Pop. 392.

WHISGILLS, farm, with vast cairn,
mostly of very large stones, in Castleton
parish, Roxburghshire.

WHISTLEBERRY, remains of old castle
in Kinneff parish, Kincardineshire.

WHISTLEFIELD, spot at crown of ridge
between Garelochhead and Loch Long, in
Dumbartonshire. It commands a very
striking view.

WHITADDER, river, running about 35
miles curvingly south-eastward to the
Tweed at 2^ miles west-south-west of

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Berwick. Nearly half of its course is
among the Lammermoors ; nearly another
half is in the Merse ; and the last 2 miles
are within England. Its aggregate descent
is about 1000 feet, but is effected in runs
without leaps or rapids.

WHITBERRY, small promontory at
west side of the Tyne's estuary, miles
north-west of Dunbar, Haddington-
shire.

WHITBURGH, seat in Humbie parish,
Haddingtonshire.

WHITBURN, town and parish in south-
west of Linlithgowshire. The town stands
3^ miles south-west of Bathgate, is well-
built, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Linlithgowshire, a railway station,
a banking office, Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian churches, and a public
school. Pop. 1200. — The parish contains
also Crofthead town, Fauldhouse and
Longridge villages, and part of Black-
burn. Its length is 6£ miles ; its greatest
breadth fully 4 miles; its area 9775
acres. Heal property in 1880-81, £27,918.
Pop., quoad civilia, 6326; quoad sacra,
2393. The surface is comparatively low
and level, but includes a considerable
extent of moor and moss. The rocks are
carboniferous, abound in coal and iron-
stone, and are very extensively worked.
Chief seats are Polkemmet, Berryhill,
Mosshall, Culthouse, Fauldhouse, Croft-
head, Craighead, and Burnhead. Estab-
lished and Boman Catholic churches are
at Fauldhouse, and a Free church is at
Crofthead.

WHITEBRIDGE, place, with post office
under Inverness.

WHITECAIRNS, place, with post office
under Aberdeen.

WHITECAMP, farm, with remains of
Boman camp, in Crawford parish, Lanark-
shire.

WHITE CART, See Caet.

WHITECASTLE, ruined ancient fort at
hill-pass in Garvald parish, Haddington-
shire.

WHITECASTLE, knoll, with remains of
ancient military station, in Applegarth
parish, Dumfriesshire.

WHITECASTLE, hill in Carmichael
parish, Lanarkshire.

WHITECASTLE, vestige of ancient fort
on Muck Island, Inner Hebrides.

WHITE CAVE, curious stalactitic cave
on coast of Slains parisb, Aberdeenshire.

WHITECLEUGH, lands, with limework,
in Crawfordjohn parish, Lanarkshire.

WHITECOOM, mountain summit, 2^ miles
north-east of Hartfell summit, and 7 miles
north-east of Moffat, Dumfriesshire. It
has an altitude of 2695 feet, and com-
mands a very extensive view.

WHITE COVE, lofty, extensive, echoing
cavern on coast of Berrick parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

WHITE ESK. SeeESK.

WHITEFACE, place in Criech parish,

Sutherland. It has a post office desig-
nated of Sutherlandshire.

WHITEFARLAND, place, 6£ miles south
of Catacol, on west coast of Arran Island,
Buteshire.

WHITEFAUGH, hamlet in Carrington
parish, Edinburghshire.

WHITEFLAT, rich mineral field adjacent
to "VVhifflet, Lanarkshire.

WHITEFORD, estate in Abbey-Paisley
parish, Benfrewshire.

WHITEHALL, village in north-west of
Stronsay Island, Orkney.

WHITEHALL, town section around site
of ancient royal palace in Dundee.

WHITEHALL, fine cascade on Duncow
burn in Kirkmahoe parish, Dumfries-
shire.

WHITEHAUGH, seat on the Don in
Tullynessle parish, Aberdeenshire.

WHITEHAUGH, burn in Muirkirk parish,
Ayrshire.

WHITEHILL, village adjacent to col-
liery, 2 miles east-by-south of Dalkeith,
Edinburghshire. Pop. 236.

WHITEHILL, seat and lunatic asylum, 4|
miles south-south-west of Dalkeith, Edin-
burghshire. The asylum was projected
in 1871, and is a district one for Mid-
Lothian and Peebles.

WHITEHILL, village in St. Cyrus
parish, Kincardineshire.

WHITEHILL, village in New Deer
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a United
Presbyterian church and a large public
school.

WHITEHILL, place, with remains of
Boman camp, and ruins of ancient fort, in
Lamington parish, Lanarkshire.

WHITEHILL, place on north border of
St. Mungo parish, Dumfriesshire.

WHITEHILLS, fishing village, 2£ miles
west-north- west of Banff. It has a post
office under Banff and a large public
school. Pop. 920.

WHITEHILLS, quondam castle on
Lunan rivulet, in Kinnell parish, Forfar-
shire.

WHITEHOLM, farm, with remains of
Caledonian stone circle, in Tundergarth
parish, Dumfriesshire.

WHITEHOPE, mountain, 2038 feet high,
6 miles north-east of Peebles.

WHITEHOPE, affluent of the Hermitage
in Castleton parish, Boxburghshire.

WHITEHOUSE, place, 3 miles east-by-
south of Alford, Aber-deenshire. It has a
post office under Aberdeen and a railway
station.

WHITEHOUSE, place on east side of
Arran Island, Buteshire.

WHITEHOUSE, place on south-east side
of "West Loch Tarbert, Argyleshire. It
has a post office under Greenock, an inn,
and a public school.

WHITEINCH, suburban town on the
Clyde, 3 miles west of Boyal Exchange,
Glasgow. It is all quite recent, communi-
cates by tramway with Glasgow, and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
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466

WHI

departments, under Glasgow, a quoad sacra
parochial church, Free and United Presby-
terian churches, and a public school. Pop.
of quoad sacra parish, 4468.

WHITEKIRK, hamlet and parish on
north coast of Haddingtonshire. The
hamlet lies 8| miles north-north-east of
Haddington, and has a parochial church
and a public school. — The parish contains
also Tynninghame post office village, mea-
sures 5£ miles by 4|, and comprises 6195
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £12,456.
Pop. 1051. The Tyne crosses the north-
eastern section, and its estuary forms
thence the eastern boundary. The coast
extends thence about 4 miles north-north-
westward from Whitberry Head to Tan-
tallon Castle, and is partly sandy, partly
a range of rugged cliffs. The interior is
low, and mostly level or sloping, but rises
slowly to two small bordering hills. The
mansions are Tynninghame House, New-
byth, and Seacliff ; the first the seat of the
Earl of Haddington, the second the seat
of Sir David Baird, Bart. There are 3
public schools with aggregately about 235

WHITEKNOW, seat in Hutton parish,
Dumfriesshire.

WHITELAW, one of the Cheviot Hills
in Morebattle parish, Roxburghshire.

WHITELETS, village, 1% mile north-
east of Ayr. It has a post office under
Ayr, and a public school with about 110
scholars. Pop. 588.

WHITE LOCH, lake in Blairgowrie par-
ish, Perthshire.

WHITE LOCH, lake in Carnwath parish,
Lanarkshire.

WHITE LOCH, lake in Mearns parish,
Renfrewshire.

WHITE LOCH, lake in Mochrum parish,
Wigtonshire.

WHITEMILL, headland in north of San-
day Island, Orkney.

WHITEMIRE, village in Dyke parish,
Elginshire.

WHITEMOSS, lake in Dunning parish,
Perthshire.

WHITEMOSS, residence in eastern
vicinity of East Kilbride, Lanarkshire.

WHITENESS, hamlet and ancient
parish in Shetland. The hamlet lies 7
miles north-north-west of Lerwick, and
has a post office under Lerwick, and an
Established church. The parish is now
united to Tingwall.

WHITENHEAD, promontorial headland,
1345 feet high, with large remarkable
caverns on much of its sea front, at east
side of mouth of Loch Eriboll, in north of
Sutherland.

WHITERASHES, hamlet in Udny parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has an Episcopalian
church, and a public school with about 69
scholars.

WHITERASHES, hamlet in New Machar
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a post office
under Aberdeen, and a public school with
about 78 scholars.

WHITERIGG, place, 2\ miles east north-
east of Airdrie, Lanarkshire. It has a
post office under Airdrie, and a railway
station.

WHITERIGG, estate in Ayton parish,

Berwickshire.

WHITERIGGS, seat, 4 miles north-east
of Laurencekirk, Kincardineshire.

WHITESHAW, estate in Carluke parish,
Lanarkshire.

WHITESIDE, hill, with vestiges of ancient
camp, in Newlands parish, Peeblesshire.

WHITESIDE, farm, with remains of
ancient Caledonian stone circle, in Tully-
nessle parish, Aberdeenshire.

WHITESTRIPES, place, with public
school, in Old Machar parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

WHITEVALE, north-eastern suburb of
Glasgow.

WHITE WATER, head-stream of the
South Esk, in Forfarshire.

WHITEWELL, seat in Tannadice parish,
Forfarshire.

WHITE WOOLLEN, lofty verdant hill,
with extensive view, adjacent to Lockerby,
Dumfriesshire.

WHITFIELD, place, with limeworks, in
Linton parish, Peeblesshire.

WHITHORN, town and parish in Machers
district, "Wigtonshire. The town stands
11 miles by road, but 12| by railway, south
of Wigton ; took its name of Whithorn
or Whithern, formerly Candida-Casa or
Leucophibia, from the first ' white church,'
or church of stone and lime, ever built in
Scotland ; was the capital of the Caledonian
Novantes, the birth-place of St. Ninian,
the seat of an early Culdee establishment,
the place of a famous priory of 12th cen-
tury, the pristine seat of the bishopric of
Galloway, and a crowded resort of pilgrims
throughout the Romish times ; retains a
beautiful fragment of its priory, with
Saxon arches ; is a royal burgh, uniting
with Wigton, Stranraer, and New Gallo-
way in sending a member to Parliament ;
comprises a main street about § mile long,
with expansion in the middle ; and has a
post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, designated of Wigton-
shire, a terminal railway station, 2 bank-
ing offices, a hotel, a steepled town-hall,
Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
and Reformed. Presbyterian churches, and
a public school. Real property in 1880-81,
£3374. Pop. 1653.— The parish contains
also Isle of Whithorn village, measures 8
miles by 4, and comprises 11,891 acres.
Real property of landward part in 1880-81,
£15,478. Pop. of the whole, 2929. The
coast has an extent of 6f miles, is mostly
rugged and partly cliff, and includes all
Burrow Head promontory. The interior
exhibits profusion and diversity of knolls,
yet is almost level and mainly arable.
Chief residences are Castlerigg and Ton-
derghie ; and chief antiquities are remains
of a Roman camp and several forts. A
Free church is at Isle of Whithorn.

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467

WIC

WHITHORN (ISLE OF). See Isle of
Whithorn.

WHITING-BAY, bay and village aver-
agely 4 miles south-south-east of Lamlash,
in Arran Island, Buteshire. The bay has
the, form of a crescent on a chord of 3
miles ; and the village has a post office,
with money order department, designated
of Arran, and Established and Free
churches.

WHITINGNESS, headland about a mile
north-east of Arbroath, Forfarshire.

WHITLETTS. See Whitelets.

WHITSLAID, estate and ancient tower
in Legerwood parish, Berwickshire.

WHITSOME, village and parish in Merse
district, Berwickshire. The village stands
6^ miles east-south-east of Dunse, made
some figure in the Border wars, and
has a post office under Chirnside, a
parochial church, and a public school with
capacity for 176 scholars. — The parish
measures 4£ miles by 2|, and comprises
4896 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£9863. Pop. 560. The surface is partly
undulated, mostly flat, and all richly cul-
tivated. The only seat is Laws ; and the
chief antiquity is the vestige of a Roman
camp.

WHITTINGHAM, village and parish in
Haddingtonshire. The village stands 6
miles east of Haddington, and has a post
office under Prestonkirk, a parochial
church, and a public school.— The parish
extends southward to boundary with
Berwickshire, measures 10J miles by 6,
and comprises 15,595 acres. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £9188. Pop. 639. The
northern section is uneven and diversified ;
the southern one lies wholly among the
Lammermoors ; and about five-eighths of
the entire surface are moorish upland.
Whittingham House is an elegant man-
sion ; Whittingham Castle is a very ancient
renovated structure, and was the place
where Earl Morton and his associates
plotted the murder of Darnley. Ruchlaw
House is ancient, and Stoneypath and
Penshiel Castles are ruins.

WHITTON, ruined Border peel in More-
battle parish, Roxburghshire.

WHYNTIE, wood, with ancient judicial
mound, in Boyndie parish, Banffshire.

WHYTBANKLEE, village, better known
as Clovenford, in north-east of Selkirk-
shire.

WIAY, island, 2\ miles long and 1\ mile
broad, adjacent to south-east corner of
Benbecula, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 5.

WIAY, islet in Loch Bracadale, Isle of
Skye. Pop. 4.

WICK, bay, river, town, and parish in
Caithness. The bay opens at 3J miles
south-south-west of Noss Head, is about a
mile wide at the entrance, and goes about
1^ mile to the west-north-west. — The
river issues from Loch Watten, flows 9£
miles east-by -southward to the bay's head,
has a sluggish current, and is mostly about
30 feet wide. — The town stands round the

bay's head, 119| miles by road, but 158^
by railway, north-north-east of Inverness ;
is encompassed by low flat country, with
interesting objects in the horizon ; con-
sists of three parts, Wick-proper, Louis-
burgh, and Pulteney town, — the first ancient
and irregular, the second modern and
dingy, the third modern, large, and plea-
sant; ranks as a head port, the head-
quarters of a vast herring fishery, a royal
and parliamentary burgh, and the political
capital of Caithness ; unites with Dornoch,
Dingwall, Tain, Cromarty, and Kirkwall
in sending a member to Parliament ; pub-
lishes 2 weekly newspapers ; and has a
head post office with all departments, a
terminal railway station, 5 banking offices,
3 hotels, town and county halls, 2 news-
rooms, 2 Established churches, 3 Free
churches, United Presbyterian, Congrega-
tional, Evangelical Union, Baptist, Epis-
copalian, and Roman Catholic churches,
an academy, and 6 schools with accommo-
dation for 1088 scholars. The harbour is
spacious, was constructed at great cost,
and underwent extension subsequent to
1871 ; the breakwater alone cost about
£140,000, and was severely damaged by a
great storm in 1880 ; and an appeal was
made to Government in 1882 to remit a
debt of about £60,000 in order to enable
the local authorities to renovate the
entire harbour. The vessels belonging
to the port at end of 1879 were 75 sailing
vessels of 6927 tons, and 3 steam vessels
of 87 tons. The arrivals in that year were
1234 British vessels of 144,260 tons, and
71 foreign vessels of 5310 tons ; and the
departures were 1180 British vessels of
131,899 tons, and 71 foreign vessels of 5339
tons. Real property of parliamentary
burgh in 1880-81, £20,944. Pop. 8026.—
The parish contains also the villages of
Keiss, Sarclet, Saxigoe, and Ackergill,
and measures 14J miles in length, and
from If mile to 8 miles in breadth. Real
property of landward part in 1880-81,
£23,696. Pop. of the whole, quoad
civilia, 12,822; quoad sacra, 6816. The
coast curves about 11 miles round Keiss
Bay, extends thence about 11 miles to the
south-south-west, consists partly of slopes
and sand but chiefly of precipitous rocks
or cliffs, has numerous ' goes ' or small
deep rock-flanked creeks, and is confronted
by many ' stacks ' or lofty insulated rocky
pyramids. The interior is mostly low and
flat, but includes gentle slopes and two or
three tame hills, and comprises a large
aggregate of bog and a number of small
lakes. Chief seats are Hempriggs, Ulbster,
Keiss, Thrumster, Stircoke, Rosebank,
Sibster, Bilbster, Tannach, and Harland ;
and chief antiquities are cairns, Picts'
houses, two standing - stones, Ackergill
Tower, Castles Girnigoe and Sinclair, and
Auldwick Castle, the last a dismal ruin on
lofty peninsular rock at mouth of Wick
Bay, serving as a landmark to mariners,
and called by them ' Auld Man o' Wick. '

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468

WIG

Established and Free churches are at
Keiss. Eight schools for 1180 scholars
are in the landward parts, and 6 of them
and an enlargement for 985 are
new.

WICK, bay, ancient burying-ground, and
ruins of old church, in south-west of Unst,
Shetland.

WIDEFORD, hill, with Picts' house and
extensive view, 2 miles west of Kirkwall,
Orkney.

WIDE-OPEN, large camp on hill-ridge in
Marykirk parish, Kincardineshire.

WIDEWALL, bay on west side of South
Ronaldshay, Orkney.

WIESDALE. See Weesdale.

WIG, bay on south-west side of Scar, in
Loch Byan, "Wigtonshire.

WIGTON, town and parish on east bor-
der of "Wigtonshire, and bay between that
county and Kirkcudbrightshire. The
town stands on an eminence about 200
feet high, adjacent to west shore of the
bay, 7 miles south-by-east of Newton-
Stewart ; commands a fine view over the
bay to the hills of Kirkcudbrightshire,
Cumberland, and Isle of Man ; includes
the site of a monastery of 13th century,
and faint vestiges of a strong castle held
for some time by Edward I. of England ;
is noted for the martyrdom, by drowning,
of two female Covenanters in 1685; has
an old tomb of these martyrs, a tomb of
three other Covenanter martyrs, and the
ruins of an ancient church in its public
burying-ground ; has also an obeliskal
monument to the two female martyrs on
the summit of its eminence ; ranks as a
royal burgh, a head port, and the capital
of Wigtonshire ; unites with Whithorn,
Stranraer, and New Galloway in sending
a member to Parliament ; comprises a
large central enclosed rectangle, a spacious
principal street, and other well-built
places ; and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Wigtonshire, a railway station, 3
banking offices, 2 hotels, an elegant mar-
ket cross, county buildings, Established,
Free, United Presbyterian, and Roman
Catholic churches, a handsome academy,
a normal school, and a mechanics' insti-
tute. A new harbour and breastwork
were formed subsequent to 1818. The
shipping belonging to the port at end of
1879 consisted of 34 sailing vessels of
aggregately 1364 tons. The arrivals in
that year were 671 British vessels of 38,176
tons, and 2 foreign vessels of 281 tons ; and
the departures were 669 British vessels of
40,836 tons, and 1 foreign vessel of 176
tons. Real property of the burgh in
1880-81, £5787. Pop. 1722.— The parish
contains also Bladenoch village, measures
5 miles by 4, and comprises 7805 acres.
Real property of landward part in 1880-
81, £6581. Pop. of the whole, 2198. The
north-eastern section is low and level ; the
north-western one is roughly tumulated ;
the southern one is variously low, broken,

and hillocky ; and a considerable aggre-
gate is either moss or moor. A remark-
able antiquity is the standing-stones of
Torhouse. — The bay is the estuary of Cree
river, commences If mile north-north-east
of the northern boundary of Wigton par-
ish, extends 15 miles south-south-eastward,
expands to a middle width of about 4 miles
and a terminal one of 12 miles, and at recess
of the tide is nearly all bare sand.

WIGTONSHIRE, county, forming western
division of Galloway, and south-western
extremity of Scotland. It marches for
17J miles on the north with Ayrshire, and
for 28 on the east with Kirkcudbrightshire,
and is bounded all elsewhere by the sea.
Its length is 32 miles ; its breadth 29 miles ;
its area 512 square miles. It is bisected,
to within 6^ miles, by Loch Ryan from the
north-north-west and Luce Bay from the
south-south-east ; and it includes a large
peninsula between the east side of Luce
Bay and the west side of Cree river and
Wigton Bay. Its western division, includ-
ing the two peninsulas between Loch Ryan
and Luce Bay on the east and the North
Channel on the west, is called the Rhinns ;
its south-eastern division, comprising the
large peninsula east of Luce Bay, is called
the Machers ; and all the rest is called the
Moors. The coast, except at head of Loch
Ryan, at head of Luce Bay, along upper
part of Wigton Bay, and at head of some
small bays or creeks, is almost continuously
bold and rocky, and in many parts
cavernous. Chief headlands are Mull of
Galloway at southern extremity of the
Rhinns, and Burrowhead at southern
extremity of the Machers ; and minor
headlands are very numerous, but mostly
very small. One great harbour is all or
most of Loch Ryan ; two or three small
harbours are creeks of Wigton Bay ; and
a number of small harbours, especially
those of Portpatrick, Port-Logan, Port-
William, Isle of Whithorn, and Garlieston,
indent the lines of rocky coast. The in-
terior exhibits great diversity, but lies
aggregately lower than perhaps any other
county of Scotland, and possesses small
amount of striking or picturesque land-
scape. Most of the Rhinns and the
Machers is a continuous assemblage of
hillocks and hollows in all varieties of
form, feature, and arrangement ; and most
of the Moors is bleak plateau, rising north-
ward into heights of more than 1000 feet
above sea-level. A low plain, measuring
about 6j miles by 3, forms the isthmus
between Loch Ryan and Luce Bay ; and a
considerable extent of low level land lies
along the upper part of Wigton Bay and
lower part of Cree river. The largest
streams, besides the Cree, are the Bladenoch
and the Luce ; and the chief lakes are
Castle-Kennedy, Mochrum, and Dowalton.
The rocks have small economical value.
Agriculture on the low lands in the south-
east has high celebrity ; in other parts
also is skilful ; in the Moors is notable for

WIG

4G9

WIN

breeds of black cattle and sheep. The
manufactures are aggregately trivial ; and
the commerce is ruled by the products and
wants of agriculture. The only town with
more than 5000 inhabitants is Stranraer;
the only one with more than 2000, Newton-
Stewart ; the only ones with more than
1000, Wigton and Whithorn; the only
villages with more than 300, Glenluce,
Port-William, Kirkcowan, Garlieston,
Portpatrick, Drumore, Isle of Whithorn,
Kirkcolm, and New Luce. The territory
belonged to the Caledonian Novantes, was
included by the Eomans in their province
of Valentia, became part of the Saxon
Northumbria, passed to the Irish Cruithne
under the petty kings of Galloway, and
was constituted a county by either David
n. or Alexander III. ; and it retains
numerous monuments of both the ancient
and the mediaeval times. Real property
in 1880-81, £268,434. Pop. in 1871,
38,830 ; in 1881, 38,602.

WIGTONSHIRE RAILWAY, railway from
junction with the Dumfries and Portpatrick
at Newton-Stewart, 19J miles southward
to Whithorn. It was opened to Wigton
in 1875, and formed afterwards to Garlies-
ton and Whithorn.

WILDSHAW, place, with limework, in
Crawfordjohn parish, Lanarkshire.

WILKHOUSE, place, with site of
Pictish tower, in Loth parish, Suther-
land.

WILKIESTON, village, 9 miles west-
south-west of Edinburgh. It has a post
office designated of Mid-Lothian, and a
public school with about 102 scholars.

WILLIAMFIELD, seat in Symington
parish, Ayrshire.

WILLIAM (FORT). See Fort- William.

WILLIAMSBURGH, eastern suburb of
Paisley, Renfrewshire.

WILSONTOWN, village, 3| miles west
of Auchengray railway station, and 6
south-east of Shotts Ironworks, Lanark-
shire. It was founded in 1779 to be a seat
of iron manufacture ; went through such
changes as to employ upwards of 2000
persons in 1807, and to have a population
of only 113 in 1841 ; experienced again
some revival ; and now has a branch railway
to Auchengray station, and a Free church.
Pop. 692.

WILTON, town and parish in Teviotdale,
Roxburghshire. The town stands on left
bank of the Teviot, forms part of Hawick
burgh, communicates with Hawick-proper
by several bridges, is mostly all modern,
comprises several well-built streets, and
has several woollen factories, a parochial
church, and a large public school. Pop.
4848. — The parish contains also the
villages of Wilton-Dean and Appletree-
Hall, measures about 5f miles by 4, and
comprises 8760 acres. Real property of
landward part in 1880-81, £10,376. Pop.
5782. The surface adjacent to the
Teviot is haugh ; elsewhere is irregular
and hilly ; and most of it is under cultiva-

tion. The seats are Wilton Lodge, Siller-
bithall, Briery - Yards, Bucklands, and
Stirches. Three schools for 182 scholars
are in the landward part, and 1 of them
for 50 is new.

WILTON-DEAN, village on the Teviot,
about a mile south-west of Wilton, Rox-
burghshire. It is believed to be the scene
of the Cottagers of Glenburnie, and
it has a public school with about 43

WINCHBURGH, village, llf miles west of
Edinburgh. It has a post office with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Linlithgowshire, and a railway
station.

WINDBRUGH, hill, 1662 feet high, 7|
miles south-by-east of Hawick, Roxburgh-
shire.

WINDFELL, mountain, 2180 feet high,
on north - west border of Eskdalemuir
parish, Dumfriesshire.

WINDFORD, summit-level of Forth and
Clyde Canal, 2 miles north-east of Cum-
bernauld, Dumbartonshire.

WINDGATE, ruined ancient mansion in
Wandell parish, Lanarkshire.

WINDHEAD, mountain in Castleton
parish, Roxburghshire.

WINDLESS, lake and burn in Wick
parish, Caithness.

WINDLESTRAW, mountain, 2161 feet
high, 4-g- miles north-north-east of Inner-
leithen, Peeblesshire.

WINDMILLHILL, village in Dalziel
parish, Lanarkshire.

WINDYEDGE, hamlet in Sanquhar
parish, Dumfriesshire.

WINDYGATE, hill in Morebattle parish,
Roxburghshire .

WINDYGATES, village in Markinch
parish, Fife. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Fife.

WINDYGOWLE, steep hollow, with re-
peating echo, on top of Kinnoul Hill, in
eastern vicinity of Perth.

WINDYHILLS, section of Fyvie parish,
Aberdeenshire.

WINDYRAW, place, with public school,
in Cairnie parish, Aberdeenshire.

WINDY STANDARD, mountain, 2287
feet high, 7 miles east of Dalmellington,
Ayrshire.

WINE, old tower, surmounting a cave,
on Kinnaird Head, adjacent to Fraser-
burgh, Aberdeenshire.

WINGILLBANK, mountain - summit on
south-east border of Lamington parish,
L <i n Eirks ti ir ©

WINKSTONE, place, with old castle, 1£
mile north of Peebles.

WINLES. See Windless.

WINNOCH. See Lochwinnoch.

WINTER, burn in Walston parish,
Xjii n firlvsh ire

WINTERHOPE, hill in east of Middlebie
parish, Dumfriesshire.

WINTON, station on Macmerry Railway,
estate, and ruined noble mansion in

470

WOO

Pencaitland parish, on west border of
Haddingtonshire. The estate gave the
titles of baron and earl from respectively
1449 and 1600 till 1716 to the family of
Seton.

WIRAS, affluent of Oruick rivulet in
north of Forfarshire.
WIRE. See Weir.

WIRREN, one of Benchinnan Mountains
in Lethnot parish, Forfarshire.

WISHAW, town, 15| miles south-east of
Glasgow. It stands in northern vicinity
of Caledonian Eailway ; is crossed by
railway from Carfin to Law Junction,
formed at a cost of about £150,000, and
opened in 1880 ; spreads over an extensive
slope into connection with several suburbs ;
acquired numerous fine new buildings,
both public and private, in years from
1873 till 1882; carries on large trade
arising from rich surrounding mineral
field ; publishes a weekly newspaper ; and
has a head post office with money order
and telegraph departments, 2 railway
stations, 4 banking offices, 2 hotels, a
town hall, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, Reformed Presbyterian,
Evangelical Union, Baptist, Primitive
Methodist, and Roman Catholic churches,
an academy with about 372 scholars, a
public school with about 759 scholars, and a
public library. Pop. with suburbs, 13,112.
Wishaw House, in north-western vicinity
of the town, is the seat of Lord Belhaven.

WISP, mountain, 1950 feet high, 10|
miles north of Langholm, Dumfriesshire.

WISP, one of the Ochil Hills on north
border of Dollar parish, Clackmannanshire.

WISTON, village and parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. The village stands
about a mile west-north-west of Lam-
ington railway station, contains a mound
believed to have been the place of an
ancient great wool market, and has a post
office under Biggar, a parochial church,
and a public school. — The parish contains
also Roberton village, measures 6 miles by
4, and comprises 13,140 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £8542. Pop. 562.
The Clyde traces the south-eastern boun-
dary, and receives two burns, draining most
of the area. The land adjacent to the
streams is variously low, undulating, and
tumulated ; and the rest consists of the
bold, craggy, double-topped hill of Dun-
gavel, and the southern half of Tinto
Mountain. Chief residences are Harding-
ton and Eastfield. A United Presbyterian
church is at Roberton.

WITCHES' BOG, morass in the Tros-
sachs, Perthshire.

WITCH KNOW, rising-ground, with
vestiges of burning of alleged witches, in
Cask parish, Perthshire.

WITCH KNOW, eminence in Mordington
parish, Berwickshire.

WITCH POOL, pond in western vicinity
of Kirriemuir, Forfarshire.

WOLF CLEUCH, ravine on south border
of Heriot parish, Edinburghshire.

WOLFHILL, village in Cargill parish,
Perthshire.

WOLFLAW, estate in Oathlaw parish,
Forfarshire.

WOLFLEE, place, with Free church, 8
miles east-south-east of Hawick, Rox-
burghshire.

WOLF'S CRAIG, place, 5 miles south-
south- west of Crieff, Perthshire.

WOLL, burn and woodland in Ashkirk
parish, Roxburghshire.

WOOD, hill on north side of Ae river,
7^ miles north-west of Lochmaben,
Dumfriesshire.

WOODBURN, seat in Newbattle parish,
Edinburghshire.

WOODBURN, picturesque ravine in
Garvock parish, Kincardineshire.

WOODBURN, place in southern vicinity
of Dunoon, Argyleshire.

WOODCOCKAIR, wooded hill in Annan
parish, Dumfriesshire.

WOODCOT, seat near north base of
Soutra Hill, in south-west extremity of
Haddingtonshire.

WOODEN, seat and romantic ravine in
south-eastern vicinity of Kelso, Roxburgh-
shire.

WOODEN, hill, with vestige of Roman
camp, in Hounam parish, Roxburgh-
shire.

WOODEN, quondam strong tower in
Eckford parish, Roxburghshire.

WOODEND, village in Newhills parish,
Aberdeenshire. Pop. 529.

WOODEND, village in Torphichen parish,
Linlithgowshire. Pop. 243.

WOODEND, village, with public school,
in Abercorn parish, Linlithgowshire.

WOODEND, seat in Madderty parish,
Perthshire.

WOODEND, manufacturing locality in
vicinity of Almondbank, Perthshire.

WOODEND, estate in Banchory-Ternan
parish, Kincardineshire.

WOODEND, hill, with Caledonian camp,
in "Wandell parish, Lanarkshire.

WOODEND, lake in Old Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire.

WOODEND, estate in Cathcart parish,
Renfrewshire.

WOODHALL, seat in Colinton parish,
Edinburghshire.

WOODHALL, collier village in Old
Monkland parish, Lanarkshire.

WOODHALL, seat on the North Calder
near Holytown, Lanarkshire.

WOODHALL, lake in Balmaghie parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

WOODHAVEN, seaport village about a
mile west-south-west of Newport, Fife.

WOODHEAD, mining village, 14 miles
north-north-west of New Galloway, Kirk-
cudbrightshire. It stands amid high
uplands, and was founded in 1839 for
working lead-ore.

WOODHEAD, place, 2 miles south-south-
east of Moffat, Dumfriesshire.

WOODHEAD, place, with Episcopalian
church, in Fyvie parish, Aberdeenshire.

woo

471

YAR

WOODHEAD, estate in Campsie parish,
Stirlingshire.

WOODHILL, seat in Kirkmichael parish,
Perthshire.

WOODHILL, one of the Ochils near
Alva, Stirlingshire.

WOODHILL, hill, with vestige of what
is called Macbeth's Castle, in Manor par-
ish, Peeblesshire.

WOODHILL, Dumfriesshire. See Wood.

WOODHOUSE, ruined notable old tower
on Kirtle rivulet, near Kirkpatrick-Flem-
ing village, Dumfriesshire.

WOODHOUSE, place, with old circular
entrenchment and site of old peel-house,
in Manor parish, Peeblesshire.

WOODHOUSELEE, seat on slope of
Pentland Hills, 6|- miles south of Edin-
burgh. Old Woodhouselee, the scene of
tragical event commemorated in Sir "Wal-
ter Scott's first ballad of ' Cadzow Castle,'
stood 3 miles to the south-east, and is now
represented by mere vestiges.

WOODHOUSELEES, seat and quondam
Border tower in Canonbie parish, Dum-
friesshire.

WOODILEE, place, with Barony lunatic
asylum, 7 miles north-east of Glasgow.

WOODLANDS, seat in St. Vigeans par-
ish, Forfarshire.

WOODLANDS, colliery in Tillicoultry
parish, Clackmannanshire.

WOODLANE, village in Kincardine par-
ish, Perthshire.

WOODMUIR, hill, 5 miles south-south-
east of Whitburn, Linlithgowshire.

WOODSIDE, suburban town on the Don,
2 miles north-west of Aberdeen. It is a
seat of manufacture, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Aberdeen, a railway station,
a banking office, a town hall, a quoad
sacra parochial church, Free, United Pres-
byterian, and Congregational churches, 2
public schools with about 770 scholars, and
a large free library presented by Sir John
Anderson in 1881. Pop. of town, 5452 ; of
quoad sacra parish, 5928.
_ WOODSIDE, village, with railway sta-
tion and public school, 13£ miles north-by-
east of Perth. See Burrelton.

WOODSIDE, north-western suburb of
Glasgow. It has an Established church
founded in 1881, and estimated to cost
about £9000, and a public school erected
in 1882 at a cost of about £11,000, exclu-
sive of site, and containing accommoda-
tion for 1650 scholars.

WOODSIDE, village on north border of
Largo parish, Fife.

WOODSIDE, hamlet in Mouswald par-
ish, Dumfriesshire.

WOODSIDE, place, with public school,
in Penpont parish, Dumfriesshire.

WOODSIDE, seat in Kelso parish, Rox-
burghshire.

WOODSIDE, hill in Morebattle parish,
Roxburghshire .

WOODSIDE, seat in Abbey-Paisley par-
ish, Renfrewshire.

WOODSLEE, seat in Canonbie parish,
Dumfriesshire.

WOODSTON, estate and hill in St.
Cyrus parish, Kincardineshire.

WOODVILLE, seat in Colinton parish,
Edinburghshire.

WOODVILLE, seat in St. Vigeans par-
ish, Forfarshire.

WOODWICK, bay, 8 miles north-north-
west of Kirkwall, Orkney.

WOODWICK, bay on west side of Unst
Island, Shetland.

WOOLMET, small village and ancient
parish in Edinburghshire. The village
stands 1\ miles north-north-west of Dal-
keith, and the parish is now united to
Newton.

WORMISTON, seat in Crail parish,
Fife.

WORMISTON, farm, with remains of
ancient camp, in Eddlestone parish,
Peeblesshire.

WORMIT, small bay and ravine, 2£ miles
west-south-west of Newport, Fife.

WORMWELL, lofty hill in Glenholm
section of Broughton parish, Peeblesshire.

WORMYHILLS, place, with bleachfield,
in Arbirlot parish, Forfarshire.

WRATH. See Cape Wrath.

WREATHS, remains of ancient castle in
Kirkbean parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

WUDDY, eminence, with large tumulus,
in Kinnell parish, Forfarshire.

WYESBIE, seat, hill, and medicinal
spring in Kirkpatrick-Fleming parish,
Dumfriesshire.

WYMET. See Woolmet.

WYNNIE, affluent of the Ordie in Auch-
tergaven parish, Perthshire.

YAFFER, bay, 5 miles south-west of
Kirkwall, Orkney.

YAIKENBANK, eminence in Gartly par-
ish, Banffshire.

YAIR, seat and bridge on the Tweed, 2
miles south of Clovenford, Selkirkshire.
Yair Trows here are a group of rocks in
the river's channel throwing its current
into rapids.

YARDSIDES, farm, with site of seat of
Sir William Wallace's uncle, adjacent to
west end of Riccarton town, Ayrshire.

YARROW, river, hamlet, and parish in
Selkirkshire. The river issues from St.
Mary's Loch ; runs 11 miles north-east-
ward and 3 miles south - eastward to
the Ettrick, at 2 miles west-south-west
of Selkirk ; traverses from head to foot
a very lovely pastoral vale; and, with
objects and scenery on its banks, has been
celebrated in more poetry, both old and
recent, than any other stream in Scotland.
— The hamlet lies on left side of the river,
9 miles west of Selkirk; is near a hill-
slope, formerly with more than 20 large
cairns, but now with no other antiquity
than two massive unhewn stones, the
scene of the famous ancient ballad, ' The
Dowie Dens of Yarrow ; ' and has a post

YAR

472

YOK

office under Selkirk, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
70 scholars. — The parish contains also part
of Yarrowf eus hamlet and part of Yarrow-
ford, measures 16 miles by 8, and comprises
41,046 acres, Eeal property in 1880-81,
£13,141. Pop. 562. The surface in-
cludes greater part of St. Mary's Loch ;
is partly bounded on the north by the
Tweed ; contains numerous small vales
watered by burns running mostly to the
Yarrow ; consists predominantly of moun-
tains and lofty hills, variously in ridges,
in groups, and in isolated masses; and
contains at least 17 summits between
1500 and 2169 feet high. The seats are
Elibank, Ashiestiel, and Hangingshaw ;
and chief antiquities are Dryhope and
Blackhouse towers, Binram's Cross, St.
Mary's Kirk burying-ground, and the two
stones on the 'Dowie Dens.' There are
3 schools for 167 scholars, and 1 of them
for 54 is new.

YARROW, hill and lake in Wick parish,
Caithness. Several cairns are on the
hill.

YARR OWFEUS , hamlet on Yarrow river,
11 miles west-by-south of Selkirk.

YARROWFORD, hamlet on Yarrow river,
5 miles west-north-west of Selkirk. It
has a public school.

YEILSHIELDS. See YiELDSHiELDS.

YELL, island and sound in north of
Shetland. The island extends northward
to within miles of north-western ex-
tremity of Unst ; is divided by only a
narrow sound from south-western part of
that island ; extends 19 miles southward,
with a maximum breadth of 1\ miles ; is
swept all round by very impetuous tides ;
has mostly a low coast, in many parts
sandy, in the east, but extensively a bold
rocky coast, partly precipitous, on the west ;
is indented by seven or eight bays forming
natural harbours ; rises slowly, in tame
moorish surface, to elevations of from 200
to 400 feet ; presents comparatively little
ground for farming, but very rich facilities
for fishing ; contains the post offices of
East Yell and Burravoe, several good
residences, six places of worship, eight
Scandinavian dunes, and ruins or vestiges
of twenty ancient chapels ; and was
anciently divided into the parishes of
North Yell, Mid Yell, and South Yell, the
first now united to Fetlar, the second and
the third now united to each other. Pop.
2529. —The sound divides Yell from
Mainland ; extends 11 miles southward,
with width of from 4J to 6| miles ; con-
tains numerous isles and islets ; and has
tidal currents often at rate of 9 or 10 miles
per hour, so obstructed and tumultuous as
frequently, for good portions of a day, to
defy all boat navigation.

YELL (EAST), place on east side of
Yell Island, Shetland. It has a post office
under Lerwick, and a public school.

YELL (MID and SOUTH), parish com-
prehending Hascussie and Samphray isles,

several pastoral islets, and the middle and
southern sections of Yell Island, Shetland.
It contains East Yell and Burravoe post
offices, and measures \2>\ miles by nearly
7. Keal property in 1880-81, £1982. Pop.
1708. The churches are 2 Established,
1 Free, and 1 Episcopalian, and there are
6 schools, all new, for 335 scholars.

YELL (NORTH). See Fetlab.

YERROCH, rivulet, traversing romantic
ravine, and entering Solway Firth at 9|
miles east-by-north of Kirkcudbright.

YESKENABLY, township, with ruined
old church, in Sandwick parish, Orkney.

YESKER, rocky islet off Kilmuir coast,
Isle of Skye.

YESTER, parish, containing Gifford post
office village, and Long-Yester and Long-
Newton hamlets, in Haddingtonshire. Its
length is 6 miles ; its greatest breadth 4|
miles ; its area 8848 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £9404. Pop. 924. The
northern section is a beautiful strath, and
the southern one is part of the Lammer-
moor Hills. Yester House is the seat of
the Marquis of Tweeddale. The churches
are Established and Free. Two public
schools are in Gifford, and 1 in Long-

YESTER (LONG), hamlet, 2 miles south-
south-east of Gifford, Haddingtonshire.

YETBYRE, farm^ with nearly entire
well-preserved ancient oval camp, in
Eskdalemuir parish, Dumfriesshire.

YETHOLM, village and parish on north-
east border of Roxburghshire. The village
stands on Bowmont river, 8 miles south-
east of Kelso ; consists of two parts,
Town-Yetholm and Kirk-Yetholm, sepa-
rated by the river; was the rendezvous
of Douglas on his way to Otterburn;
became a settlement of gipsies about be-
ginning of 18th century; furnished, in
one of these, the prototype of Sir "Walter
Scott's ' Meg Merrilees ; ' and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Kelso, Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian churches,
and 2 public schools with capacity for
202 scholars. Pop. 746. —The parish
measures 5^ miles by nearly 3, and com-
prises 5960 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £8255. Pop. 1045. The surface
is hilly, rises into summits from 1097 to
1629 feet high, includes several charming
vales, is cultivated over the lower hills,
affords excellent sheep pasture in the
higher, and contains part of a lake nearly
\\ mile in circuit. The seats are Yetholm
Hall and Cherrytrees ; and the antiquities
are remains of several Caledonian and
Roman camps, and sites of two Border
peel towers.

YETTS. See Muckart.

YIELDSHIELDS, village in Carluke
parish, Lanarkshire. It has a public
school of 1881 with capacity for 110
scholars. Pop. with Roadmeetings, 432.

YOKER, town on right bank of the
Clyde nearly opposite lower part of Ren-

YON

473

ZET

frew. It has a post office under Glasgow,
a great shipbuilding yard, and a large
distillery. Pop. 1256. Yoker House and
Yoker Lodge are adjacent.

YONBELL, hill on north boundary of
Sandwick parish, Orkney.

YOOLFIELD, place, with spinning-mill,
in Kemback parish, Fife.

YTHAN, river, rising 65 miles east-south-
east of Huntly, and running deviously to
the sea at 12 miles north-north-east of
Aberdeen. Its course is prevailingly east-
south-eastward ; and its length, as the
crow flies, is 23 miles, along its bed nearly
40 miles.

YTHAN-WELLS, quoad sacra parish
around source of Ythan river, Aberdeen-
shire. It consists of parts of Forgue and
Auchterless, and its post town is Huntly.
Pop. 1315. There are 2 schools for 260
scholars, and 1 of them and an enlarge-
ment for 175 are new.

ZELL. See Yell.

ZETLAND, the Shetland archipelago.
It gives, in this form of its name, the title
of earl, in peerage of United Kingdom, to
the family of Dundas.

PKINTKD BY W. & A. K. JOHNSTON, EDINBURGH.

NOTE.

Since thi,s Work went to press the spelling of the town of " Dunse "
(Berwickshire) has been altered by the Corporation to what it was
originally — ' ' Dims . ' '

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